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Boe A, Keeler KH, Normann GA, Hatch SL. The Indigenous Bluestems of the Western Hemisphere and Gambagrass. AGRONOMY MONOGRAPHS 2016. [DOI: 10.2134/agronmonogr45.c26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arvid Boe
- South Dakota State University; Brookings South Dakota
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McAllister CA, Miller AJ. Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery via genotyping by sequencing to assess population genetic structure and recurrent polyploidization in Andropogon gerardii. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:1314-1325. [PMID: 27466055 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Autopolyploidy, genome duplication within a single lineage, can result in multiple cytotypes within a species. Geographic distributions of cytotypes may reflect the evolutionary history of autopolyploid formation and subsequent population dynamics including stochastic (drift) and deterministic (differential selection among cytotypes) processes. Here, we used a population genomic approach to investigate whether autopolyploidy occurred once or multiple times in Andropogon gerardii, a widespread, North American grass with two predominant cytotypes. METHODS Genotyping by sequencing was used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in individuals collected from across the geographic range of A. gerardii. Two independent approaches to SNP calling were used: the reference-free UNEAK pipeline and a reference-guided approach based on the sequenced Sorghum bicolor genome. SNPs generated using these pipelines were analyzed independently with genetic distance and clustering. KEY RESULTS Analyses of the two SNP data sets showed very similar patterns of population-level clustering of A. gerardii individuals: a cluster of A. gerardii individuals from the southern Plains, a northern Plains cluster, and a western cluster. Groupings of individuals corresponded to geographic localities regardless of cytotype: 6x and 9x individuals from the same geographic area clustered together. CONCLUSIONS SNPs generated using reference-guided and reference-free pipelines in A. gerardii yielded unique subsets of genomic data. Both data sets suggest that the 9x cytotype in A. gerardii likely evolved multiple times from 6x progenitors across the range of the species. Genomic approaches like GBS and diverse bioinformatics pipelines used here facilitate evolutionary analyses of complex systems with multiple ploidy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A McAllister
- Department of Biology and Natural Resources, Principia College, Elsah, Illinois 62028 USA
| | - Allison J Miller
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 USA
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3
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Wilson LR, Gibson DJ, Baer SG, Johnson LC. Plant community response to regional sources of dominant grasses in grasslands restored across a longitudinal gradient. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurel R. Wilson
- Department of Plant Biology; Center for Ecology; Southern Illinois University Carbondale; Carbondale Illinois 62901-6509 USA
| | - David J. Gibson
- Department of Plant Biology; Center for Ecology; Southern Illinois University Carbondale; Carbondale Illinois 62901-6509 USA
| | - Sara G. Baer
- Department of Plant Biology; Center for Ecology; Southern Illinois University Carbondale; Carbondale Illinois 62901-6509 USA
| | - Loretta C. Johnson
- Division of Biology; Kansas State University; Manhattan Kansas 66506 USA
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Mendola ML, Baer SG, Johnson LC, Maricle BR. The role of ecotypic variation and the environment on biomass and nitrogen in a dominant prairie grass. Ecology 2015; 96:2433-45. [PMID: 26594700 DOI: 10.1890/14-1492.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the relative strength of evolution and the environment on a phenotype is required to predict species responses to environmental change and decide where to source plant material for ecological restoration. This information is critically needed for dominant species that largely determine the productivity of the central U.S. grassland. We established a reciprocal common garden experiment across a longitudinal gradient to test whether ecotypic variation interacts with the environment to affect growth and nitrogen (N) storage in a dominant grass. We predicted plant growth would increase from west to east, corresponding with increasing precipitation, but differentially among ecotypes due to local adaptation in all ecotypes and a greater range of growth response in ecotypes originating from west to east. We quantified aboveground biomass, root biomass, belowground net primary production (BNPP), root C:N ratio, and N storage in roots of three ecotypes of Andropogon gerardii collected from and reciprocally planted in central Kansas, eastern Kansas, and s6uthern Illinois. Only the ecotype from the most mesic region (southern Illinois) exhibited more growth from west to east. There was evidence for local adaptation in the southern Illinois ecotype by means of the local vs. foreign contrast within a site and the home vs. away contrast when growth in southern Illinois was compared to the most distant 'site in central Kansas. Root biomass of the eastern Kansas ecotype was higher at home than at either away site. The ecotype from the driest region, central Kansas, exhibited the least response across the environmental gradient, resulting in a positive relationship between the range of biomass response and precipitation in ecotype region of origin. Across all sites, ecotypes varied in root C:N ratio (highest in the driest-origin ecotype) and N storage in roots (highest in the most mesic-origin ecotype). The low and limited range of biomass, higher C:N ratio of roots, and lower N storage in the central Kansas ecotype relative to the southern Illinois ecotype suggests that introducing ecotypes of A. gerardii from much drier regions into highly mesic prairie would reduce productivity and alter belowground ecosystem processes under a wide range of conditions.
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Gray MM, St Amand P, Bello NM, Galliart MB, Knapp M, Garrett KA, Morgan TJ, Baer SG, Maricle BR, Akhunov ED, Johnson LC. Ecotypes of an ecologically dominant prairie grass (Andropogon gerardii) exhibit genetic divergence across the U.S. Midwest grasslands' environmental gradient. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:6011-28. [PMID: 25370460 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) is an ecologically dominant grass with wide distribution across the environmental gradient of U.S. Midwest grasslands. This system offers an ideal natural laboratory to study population divergence and adaptation in spatially varying climates. Objectives were to: (i) characterize neutral genetic diversity and structure within and among three regional ecotypes derived from 11 prairies across the U.S. Midwest environmental gradient, (ii) distinguish between the relative roles of isolation by distance (IBD) vs. isolation by environment (IBE) on ecotype divergence, (iii) identify outlier loci under selection and (iv) assess the association between outlier loci and climate. Using two primer sets, we genotyped 378 plants at 384 polymorphic AFLP loci across regional ecotypes from central and eastern Kansas and Illinois. Neighbour-joining tree and PCoA revealed strong genetic differentiation between Kansas and Illinois ecotypes, which was better explained by IBE than IBD. We found high genetic variability within prairies (80%) and even fragmented Illinois prairies, surprisingly, contained high within-prairie genetic diversity (92%). Using Bayenv2, 14 top-ranked outlier loci among ecotypes were associated with temperature and precipitation variables. Six of seven BayeScanFST outliers were in common with Bayenv2 outliers. High genetic diversity may enable big bluestem populations to better withstand changing climates; however, population divergence supports the use of local ecotypes in grassland restoration. Knowledge of genetic variation in this ecological dominant and other grassland species will be critical to understanding grassland response and restoration challenges in the face of a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M Gray
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Gustafson DJ, Major C, Jones D, Synovec J, Baer SG, Gibson DJ. Genetic sorting of subordinate species in grassland modulated by intraspecific variation in dominant species. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91511. [PMID: 24637462 PMCID: PMC3956666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in a single species can have predictable and heritable effects on associated communities and ecosystem processes, however little is known about how genetic variation of a dominant species affects plant community assembly. We characterized the genetic structure of a dominant grass (Sorghastrum nutans) and two subordinate species (Chamaecrista fasciculata, Silphium integrifolium), during the third growing season in grassland communities established with genetically distinct (cultivated varieties or local ecotypes) seed sources of the dominant grasses. There were genetic differences between subordinate species growing in the cultivar versus local ecotype communities, indicating that intraspecific genetic variation in the dominant grasses affected the genetic composition of subordinate species during community assembly. A positive association between genetic diversity of S. nutans, C. fasciculata, and S. integrifolium and species diversity established the role of an intraspecific biotic filter during community assembly. Our results show that intraspecific variation in dominant species can significantly modulate the genetic composition of subordinate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny J. Gustafson
- Department of Biology, The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Charles Major
- Department of Biology, The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dewitt Jones
- Department of Biology, The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - John Synovec
- Department of Biology, The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sara G. Baer
- Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David J. Gibson
- Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
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Mutegi E, Stottlemyer AL, Snow AA, Sweeney PM. Genetic Structure of Remnant Populations and Cultivars of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in the Context of Prairie Conservation and Restoration. Restor Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evans Mutegi
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology; Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 U.S.A
| | - Amy L. Stottlemyer
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology; Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 U.S.A
| | - Allison A. Snow
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology; Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 U.S.A
| | - Patricia M. Sweeney
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology; Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 U.S.A
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Baer SG, Gibson DJ, Gustafson DJ, Benscoter AM, Reed LK, Campbell RE, Klopf RP, Willand JE, Wodika BR. No effect of seed source on multiple aspects of ecosystem functioning during ecological restoration: cultivars compared to local ecotypes of dominant grasses. Evol Appl 2013; 7:323-35. [PMID: 24567751 PMCID: PMC3927892 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic principles underlie recommendations to use local seed, but a paucity of information exists on the genetic distinction and ecological consequences of using different seed sources in restorations. We established a field experiment to test whether cultivars and local ecotypes of dominant prairie grasses were genetically distinct and differentially influenced ecosystem functioning. Whole plots were assigned to cultivar and local ecotype grass sources. Three subplots within each whole plot were seeded to unique pools of subordinate species. The cultivar of the increasingly dominant grass, Sorghastrum nutans, was genetically different than the local ecotype, but genetic diversity was similar between the two sources. There were no differences in aboveground net primary production, soil carbon accrual, and net nitrogen mineralization rate in soil between the grass sources. Comparable productivity of the grass sources among the species pools for four years shows functional equivalence in terms of biomass production. Subordinate species comprised over half the aboveground productivity, which may have diluted the potential for documented trait differences between the grass sources to influence ecosystem processes. Regionally developed cultivars may be a suitable alternative to local ecotypes for restoration in fragmented landscapes with limited gene flow between natural and restored prairie and negligible recruitment by seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G Baer
- Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - David J Gibson
- Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL, USA
| | | | - Allison M Benscoter
- Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Lewis K Reed
- Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Ryan E Campbell
- Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Ryan P Klopf
- Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Jason E Willand
- Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Ben R Wodika
- Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL, USA
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Tompkins RD, Trapnell DW, Hamrick J, Stringer WC. Genetic Variation within and among Remnant Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii, Poaceae) Populations in the Carolinas. SOUTHEAST NAT 2012. [DOI: 10.1656/058.011.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rouse MN, Saleh AA, Seck A, Keeler KH, Travers SE, Hulbert SH, Garrett KA. Genomic and resistance gene homolog diversity of the dominant tallgrass prairie species across the U.S. Great Plains precipitation gradient. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17641. [PMID: 21532756 PMCID: PMC3075248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental variables such as moisture availability are often important in determining species prevalence and intraspecific diversity. The population genetic structure of dominant plant species in response to a cline of these variables has rarely been addressed. We evaluated the spatial genetic structure and diversity of Andropogon gerardii populations across the U.S. Great Plains precipitation gradient, ranging from approximately 48 cm/year to 105 cm/year. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Genomic diversity was evaluated with AFLP markers and diversity of a disease resistance gene homolog was evaluated by PCR-amplification and digestion with restriction enzymes. We determined the degree of spatial genetic structure using Mantel tests. Genomic and resistance gene homolog diversity were evaluated across prairies using Shannon's index and by averaging haplotype dissimilarity. Trends in diversity across prairies were determined using linear regression of diversity on average precipitation for each prairie. We identified significant spatial genetic structure, with genomic similarity decreasing as a function of distance between samples. However, our data indicated that genome-wide diversity did not vary consistently across the precipitation gradient. In contrast, we found that disease resistance gene homolog diversity was positively correlated with precipitation. SIGNIFICANCE Prairie remnants differ in the genetic resources they maintain. Selection and evolution in this disease resistance homolog is environmentally dependent. Overall, we found that, though this environmental gradient may not predict genomic diversity, individual traits such as disease resistance genes may vary significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N. Rouse
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Amgad A. Saleh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Amadou Seck
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Kathleen H. Keeler
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Travers
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Scot H. Hulbert
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Karen A. Garrett
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
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Avolio ML, Chang CC, Smith MD. Assessing Fine-Scale Genotypic Structure of a Dominant Species in Native Grasslands. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2011. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-165.2.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Wilsey BJ. Productivity and Subordinate Species Response to Dominant Grass Species and Seed Source during Restoration. Restor Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Genetic variation in natural populations of Stipa tenacissima from Algeria. Biochem Genet 2010; 48:857-72. [PMID: 20652395 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-010-9367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Intermicrosatellite PCR [inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)-PCR] markers and cytogenetics criteria were used to assess the level of genetic diversity and genetic structure in 17 populations of Stipa tenacissima (Gramineae) from Algeria. All populations sampled in the steppe area were diploids (2n = 2x = 24), and those sampled in the dry area were hexaploids (2n = 6x = 72). The dendrogram based on ISSR-PCR showed homogeneity within populations and large variability among populations. All individuals of the same population were gathered and formed groups clearly separated in all populations. These groups were separated into two clusters related to biotope, one from the steppe area and the other from the dry area. AMOVA indicated low genetic diversity among populations (30% of variation) and high within populations (70%). This variation pattern would constitute an adaptive strategy to grow in various ecological conditions.
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Conservation Genetics of Remnant Lilium philadelphicum Populations in the Midwestern United States. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2009. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-161.2.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhao NX, Gao YB, Wang JL, Ren AZ. Population structure and genetic diversity of Stipa grandis P. Smirn, a dominant species in the typical steppe of northern China. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Shahbazi S, Mirhosseini SZ, Romanov MN. Genetic diversity in five Iranian native chicken populations estimated by microsatellite markers. Biochem Genet 2007; 45:63-75. [PMID: 17203406 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-006-9058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Iranian chicken genetic resources are characterized by a long history and a vast diversity. This study represents the first results from the selection and evaluation of five polymorphic microsatellite markers for the genetic assessment of five native chicken populations located in the northwestern (West Azerbaijan), northern (Mazandaran), central (Isfahan, Yazd), and southern (Fars) provinces of Iran. The number of alleles ranged from three to six per microsatellite locus. All populations were characterized by a high degree of genetic diversity, with the lowest heterozygosity found in the Isfahan population (62%) and the greatest in the populations from West Azerbaijan and Mazandaran (79%). The largest Nei's unbiased genetic distance was found between the Isfahan and Fars populations (0.696) and the smallest between the Mazandaran and Yazd populations (0.097). The Isfahan population was found to be the most genetically distant among all populations studied. These results serve as an initial step in the plan for genetic characterization and conservation of Iranian native chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Shahbazi
- Education Division, Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture and Research, PO Box 56135-696, Ardabil, Iran
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Zhao NX, Gao YB, Wang JL, Ren AZ. Genetic diversity and population differentiation of the dominant species Stipa krylovii in the Inner Mongolia Steppe. Biochem Genet 2007; 44:513-26. [PMID: 17143720 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-006-9054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Random amplified polymorphic DNA was used to assess the level of genetic diversity and genetic structure of Stipa krylovii (Gramineae), an important dominant species in the northern grasslands of China. Genetic diversity was low within S. krylovii populations, and diversity at the population level was associated with precipitation and cumulative temperature variations. There was much genetic differentiation among populations and among habitats as well. A Mantel test indicated no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance of populations. A nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed some spatial relationships among the 90 individuals in a two-dimensional plot. Habitat fragmentation and degradation throughout the geographic range of S. krylovii could account for the low genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation of the species. Such information will be useful for conservation managers trying to plan an effective strategy to protect this important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Xi Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
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Wang JL, Zhao NX, Gai YB, Lin F, Ren AZ, Ruan WB, Chen L. RAPD analysis of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Stipa krylovii reshov. in Inner Mongolia steppe. RUSS J GENET+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795406050024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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RAPD diversity of Stipa grandis populations and its relationship with some ecological factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2032(06)60023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Assessment of genetic diversity of native species in Izu Islands for a discriminate choice of source populations: Implications for revegetation of volcanically devastated sites. CONSERV GENET 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-005-9050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li Q, He T, Xu Z. Genetic evaluation of the efficacy of in situ and ex situ conservation of Parashorea chinensis (Dipterocarpaceae) in Southwestern China. Biochem Genet 2005; 43:387-406. [PMID: 16187163 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-005-6778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The majority of research in genetic diversity yields recommendations rather than actual conservation achievements. We assessed the efficacy of actual in situ and ex situ efforts to conserve Parashorea chinensis (Dipterocarpaceae) against the background of the geographic pattern of genetic variation of this species. Samples from seven natural populations, including three in a nature reserve, and one ex situ conservation population were studied. Across the natural populations, 47.8% of RAPD loci were polymorphic; only 20.8% on average varied at the population level. Mean population genetic diversity was 0.787 within natural populations and 1.410 for the whole species. Significant genetic differentiation among regions and isolation by distance were present on larger scales (among regions). AMOVA revealed that the majority of the among-population variation occurred among regions rather than among populations within regions. Regression analysis, Mantel test, principal coordinates analysis, and cluster analysis consistently demonstrated increasing genetic isolation with increasing geographic distance. Genetic differentiation within the region was quite low compared to that among regions. Multilocus spatial autocorrelation analysis of these three populations revealed random distribution of genetic variation in two populations, but genetic clustering was detected in the third population. The ex situ conserved population contained a medium level of genetic variation compared with the seven natural populations; it contained 77.1% of the total genetic variation of this species and 91% of the moderate to high frequency RAPD fragments (f > 0.05). Exclusive bands were detected in natural populations, but none were found in the ex situ conserved population. The populations protected in the nature reserve contained most of the genetic variation of the whole species, with 81.4% of the total genetic variation and 95.7% of the fragments with moderate to high frequency (f > 0.05) of this species conserved. The results show that the ex situ conserved population does not contain enough genetic variation to meet the need of release in the future, and that more extensive ex situ sampling in natural populations TY, NP, HK, and MG is needed. The in situ conserved population contains representative genetic variation to maintain long-term survival and evolutionary processes of P. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoming Li
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, People's Republic of China
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Selbo SM, Snow AA. Flowering Phenology and Genetic Similarity among Local and Recently Introduced Populations of Andropogon gerardii in Ohio. Restor Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2005.00055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Iwata H, Kamijo T, Tsumura Y. Genetic structure of Miscanthus sinensis ssp. condensatus (Poaceae) on Miyake Island: implications for revegetation of volcanically devastated sites. Ecol Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-004-0018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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GUSTAFSON DJ, GIBSON DJ, NICKRENT DL. Competitive relationships of Andropogon gerardii (Big Bluestem) from remnant and restored native populations and select cultivated varieties. Funct Ecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Aga E, Bryngelsson T, Bekele E, Salomon B. Genetic diversity of forest arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Ethiopia as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Hereditas 2003; 138:36-46. [PMID: 12830983 DOI: 10.1034/j.1601-5223.2003.01636.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity within the forest Coffea arabica L. gene pool in Ethiopia has not been extensively examined with molecular markers. In the present study, a total of 75 polymorphic RAPD bands generated by twelve random primers were used to assess genetic diversity among 144 genotypes representing 16 C. arabica populations. The number of polymorphic bands detected with each primer ranged from 2 to 9 with a mean of 6.25 bands per primer. Banding patterns ranged in percentage polymorphism from 37% to 73% with an overall mean of 56% for the populations analyzed. The amount of genetic variation among populations estimated by Shannon-Weaver diversity index was (H = 0.30). The within population and between populations differentiation values were 0.65 and 0.35, respectively. Genetic differentiations within and between zones of sample collection sites were 0.80 and 0.20, respectively. Within population average similarities estimated by simple matching coefficients ranged from 0.72 to 0.85, with an overall average of 0.78. In the cluster analysis that used individual samples as operational taxonomic units, most of the representatives of the same population failed to cluster before they joined members of other populations. Nevertheless, most of the populations were clustered on the basis of their geographic closeness and an east west differentiation was observed at approximately 75% similarity. The results obtained provide information on how to select sites for in situ conservation of C. arabica germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esayas Aga
- Department of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
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Eckert CG, Lui K, Bronson K, Corradini P, Bruneau A. Population genetic consequences of extreme variation in sexual and clonal reproduction in an aquatic plant. Mol Ecol 2003; 12:331-44. [PMID: 12535085 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most plants combine sexual reproduction with asexual clonal reproduction in varying degrees, yet the genetic consequences of reproductive variation remain poorly understood. The aquatic plant Butomus umbellatus exhibits striking reproductive variation related to ploidy. Diploids produce abundant viable seed whereas triploids are sexually sterile. Diploids also produce hundreds of tiny clonal bulbils, whereas triploids exhibit only limited clonal multiplication through rhizome fragmentation. We investigated whether this marked difference in reproductive strategy influences the diversity of genotypes within populations and their movement between populations by performing two large-scale population surveys (n = 58 populations) and assaying genotypic variation using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs). Contrary to expectations, sexually fertile populations did not exhibit higher genotypic diversity than sterile populations. For each cytotype, we detected one very common and widespread genotype. This would only occur with a very low probability (< 10-7) under regular sexual recombination. Compatibility analysis also indicated that the pattern of genotypic variation largely conformed to that expected with predominant clonal reproduction. The potential for recombination in diploids is not realized, possibly because seeds are outcompeted by bulbils for safe sites during establishment. We also failed to find evidence for more extensive movement of fertile than sterile genotypes. Aside from the few widespread genotypes, most were restricted to single populations. Genotypes in fertile populations were very strongly differentiated from those in sterile populations, suggesting that new triploids have not arisen during the colonization of North America. The colonization of North America involves two distinct forms of B. umbellatus that, despite striking reproductive differences, exhibit largely clonal population genetic structures.
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KEELER KATHLEENH, WILLIAMS CHARLESF, VESCIO LINDAS. Clone Size of Andropogon gerardii Vitman (Big Bluestem) at Konza Prairie, Kansas. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2002. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031(2002)147[0295:csoagv]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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