1
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Liao L, Yang Q, Li H, Meng R, Li Y. miR-454-3p prevents ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in HAECs by targeting TRPC3. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:323. [PMID: 33732296 PMCID: PMC7905327 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-cell (EC) apoptosis serves a vital role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence has implicated microRNA (miRNA/miR) dysregulation in EC apoptosis. Although the role of miR-454-3p in carcinogenesis has been well documented, its role and underlying mechanism in EC apoptosis remain unclear. In the present study, the results revealed that miR-454-3p expression was substantially downregulated in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) following oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) treatment. miR-454-3p suppression significantly attenuated the viability of HAECs, while miR-454-3p overexpression repressed ox-LDL-induced HAEC apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays revealed that transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3), a key regulator of atherosclerosis development, was the direct target of miR-454-3p. Furthermore, TRPC3 overexpression abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of miR-454-3p on HAECs. These results revealed a novel role of miR-454-3p in ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in HAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luming Liao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Qiaolan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Hailiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Rongsen Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Yuntian Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
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2
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Abstract
γδT cells function in the regulation of T-cell activation in cancer and have been identified as a novel target for cancer immunotherapy. Activated γδT cells release a series of cytotoxic molecules-including granulysin, perforin, Fas/Fas ligand (Fas-L), and granzymes A and B-to kill target cells. Our previous research has shown that high mobility group nucleosomal-binding domain 2 (HMGN2), which is expressed at a high level in activated CD8T cells, is an antitumor effector molecule of CD8T cells. In the present study, we examined the expression and antitumor effects of HMGN2 in γδT cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy donors with a PBMC separation column. PMBCs were stimulated with isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 10 days for activation and expansion. Activated γδT cells were isolated from IPP-pretreated PBMCs with a Moflo XDP flow cytometry sorter. The expression of HMGN2 in γδT cells was detected by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cytotoxic effects of γδT cells and HMGN2 were analyzed by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester labeling. IPP combined with IL-2 induced significant activation and expansion of γδT cells in vitro. HMGN2 was constitutively expressed in γδT cells. IPP-activated γδT cells expressed a high level of HMGN2 that could be detected intracellularly and in the supernatant. Moreover, supernatants of purified γδT cells were sufficient to kill tumor cells and could be blocked with anti-human HMGN2 antibody. This study suggests that HMGN2 is an antitumor effector molecule of γδT cells.
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3
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Zhu Y, Wang H, Xu Y, Hu Y, Chen H, Cui L, Zhang J, He W. Human γδ T cells augment antigen presentation in Listeria Monocytogenes infection. Mol Med 2016; 22:737-746. [PMID: 27652377 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating γδ T cells in healthy individuals rapidly respond to bacterial and viral pathogens. Many studies have demonstrated that γδ T cells are activated and expanded by Listeria monocytogenes (L.monocytogenes), a foodborne bacterial pathogen with high fatality rates. However, the roles of γδ T cells during L.monocytogenes infection are not clear. In the present study, we characterized the morphological characteristics of phagocytosis in γδ T cells after L.monocytogenes infection using transmission electron microscopy. Results show activation markers including HLA-DR and lymph node-homing receptor CCR7 on γδ T cells were upregulated after stimulation via L.monocytogenes. Significant proliferation and differentiation of primary αβ T cells was also observed after co-culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with γδ T cells anteriorly stimulated by L.monocytogenes. L.monocytogenes infection decreased the percentage of γδ T cells in mouse IELs and increased MHC-II expression on the surface of γδ T cells in vivo. Our findings shed light on antigen presentation of γδ T cells during L.monocytogenes infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Huaishan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China.,Child Development and Disease Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China.,Child Development and Disease Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College
| | - Lianxian Cui
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China.,Child Development and Disease Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Wei He
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
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4
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Sun S, Zheng K, Zhao H, Lu C, Liu B, Yu C, Zhang G, Bian Z, Lu A, He X. Regulatory effect of astragalus polysaccharides on intestinal intraepithelial γδT cells of tumor bearing mice. Molecules 2014; 19:15224-36. [PMID: 25251192 PMCID: PMC6271644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190915224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) possess multiple immunomodulatory activities. Due to its high molecular weight, orally administration of APS is not easily absorbed into the blood stream, and how APS exerts its capacity in vivo is still not well elucidated. We assume that enteric mucosal immune response might trigger the immune regulation of APS, and our previous studies demonstrated that APS had regulatory activity on intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the functions of APS on intestinal intraepithelial γδT cells, a major subset in IELs and an essential component of maintaining homeostasis and immune regulation in enteric mucosa. Results showed that APS could promote proliferation and function of intestinal intraepithelial γδT cells in vitro, the IFN-γ, FasL and GrB mRNA levels in γδT cells were all significantly increased. Moreover, APS also improved the activity of intestinal intraepithelial γδT cells in vivo, as cytokines production and cytotoxicity of γδT cells were all remarkably improved in tumor-bearing mice treated with APS. In addition, the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly increased, whereas the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were significantly decreased in tumor-bearing mice treated with APS. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that APS could improve proliferation and function of intestinal intraepithelial γδT cells, which might an important pathway for immunomodulation of APS in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Sun
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Kang Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Biao Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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5
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Born WK, O'Brien RL. γδ T cells develop, respond and survive - with a little help from CD27. Eur J Immunol 2010; 41:26-8. [PMID: 21182073 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the TNF receptor family member CD27 has been known for some time, its functional role as a coreceptor on T and B cells remains poorly understood. Recent reports have shown that CD27 and its ligand CD70 play a critical role in the development and function of γδ T cells in mice. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a study now extends these findings to the Vγ9Vδ2(+) subset of human γδ T cells. This subset, whose responses are readily elicited by phosphoantigens, plays an important role in anti-tumor immune responses. This study shows that most Vγ9Vδ2(+) cells express CD27, and signaling via the CD27-CD70 axis is needed for their survival, proliferation and cytokine secretion. Moreover, CD27 functions as a coreceptor, which promotes, in conjunction with TCR-mediated signals, expansion of Th1-biased Vγ9Vδ2(+) cells. This new information underscores the significance of CD27 in γδ T-cell functional differentiation, and is likely to facilitate the development of γδ T-cell-based clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi K Born
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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6
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Okamoto Yoshida Y, Umemura M, Yahagi A, O'Brien RL, Ikuta K, Kishihara K, Hara H, Nakae S, Iwakura Y, Matsuzaki G. Essential role of IL-17A in the formation of a mycobacterial infection-induced granuloma in the lung. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:4414-22. [PMID: 20212094 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Granulomas play an essential role in the sequestration and killing of mycobacteria in the lung; however, the mechanisms of their development and maturation are still not clearly understood. IL-17A is involved in mature granuloma formation in the mycobacteria-infected lung. Therefore, IL-17A gene-knockout (KO) mice fail to develop mature granulomas in the Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-infected lung. This study analyzed the mechanism of IL-17A-dependent mature granuloma formation in the mycobacteria-infected lung. The IL-17A KO mice showed a normal level of nascent granuloma formation on day 14 but failed to develop mature granulomas on day 28 after the BCG infection in the lung. The observation implies that IL-17A is required for the maturation of granuloma from the nascent to mature stage. TCR gammadelta T cells expressing TCR Vgamma4 or Vgamma6 were identified as the major IL-17A-producing cells that resided in the BCG-induced lung granuloma. The adoptive transfer of the IL-17A-producing TCR gammadelta T cells reconstituted granuloma formation in the IL-17A KO mice. The expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1, which are adhesion molecules important in granuloma formation, decreased in the lung of the BCG-infected IL-17A KO mice, and their expression was induced on BCG-infected macrophages in coculture with IL-17A-producing TCR gammadelta T cells. Furthermore, IL-17A KO mice showed not only an impaired mature granuloma formation, but also an impaired protective response to virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, IL-17A produced by TCR gammadelta T cells plays a critical role in the prevention of M. tuberculosis infection through the induction of mature granuloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Okamoto Yoshida
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Division of Host Defense and Vaccinology, Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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7
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Born WK, Roark CL, Jin N, Wands JM, Kemal Aydintug M, Huang Y, Chain JL, Hahn YS, Simonian PL, Fontenot AP, O'Brien RL. Role of γδ T Cells in Lung Inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 2:143-150. [PMID: 26550059 PMCID: PMC4634705 DOI: 10.2174/1874226200902010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The resident population of γδ T cells in the normal lung is small but during lung inflammation, γδ T cells can increase dramatically. Histological analysis reveals diverse interactions between γδ T cells and other pulmonary leukocytes. Studies in animal models show that γδ T cells play a role in allergic lung inflammation where they can protect normal lung function, that they also are capable of resolving infection-induced pulmonary inflammation, and that they can help preventing pulmonary fibrosis. Lung inflammation threatens vital lung functions. Protection of the lung tissues and their functions during inflammation is the net-effect of opposing influences of specialized subsets of γδ T cells as well as interactions of these cells with other pulmonary leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi K Born
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christina L Roark
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Niyun Jin
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - J M Wands
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - M Kemal Aydintug
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yafei Huang
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer L Chain
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Youn-Soo Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-711 and 240, Korea
| | - Philip L Simonian
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew P Fontenot
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca L O'Brien
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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8
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Abstract
Gamma-delta T (gammadelta T) cells form a subgroup which has been reported to play a role in both natural and acquired immunity. Their levels have been found to increase in some tumour tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the ratio of gammadelta T cells to all T cells in the peripheral blood of advanced-stage cancer patients; the level of gammadelta T cells expressing the Vdelta2-T-cell receptor (TCR) chain; NKG2D receptor expression; and apoptotic (Annexin-V) gammadelta T-cell levels. Twenty patients with advanced-stage cancer and 13 healthy controls were included. No statistical differences were found between control and patient groups in terms of the gammadelta T/total T-cell ratio (P=0.53), the Vgamma2-TCR expressing gammadelta T-cell ratio (P=0.19) or the Annexin-V ratio (P=0.48). However, NKG2D expression in gammadelta T cells was significantly different between the control and patient groups (P=0.014). In summary it was shown that the levels of NKG2D receptors, which are responsible for the cytolytic effect of gammadelta T cells, were lower in cancer patients than in healthy adults. However, no significant differences were observed in the other parameters studied between groups.
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9
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Villena SN, Pinheiro RO, Pinheiro CS, Nunes MP, Takiya CM, DosReis GA, Previato JO, Mendonça-Previato L, Freire-de-Lima CG. Capsular polysaccharides galactoxylomannan and glucuronoxylomannan from Cryptococcus neoformans induce macrophage apoptosis mediated by Fas ligand. Cell Microbiol 2008; 10:1274-85. [PMID: 18284419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of capsular polysaccharides, galactoxylomannan (GalXM) and glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), from acapsular (GXM negative) and encapsulate strains of Cryptococcus neoformans were investigated in RAW 264.7 and peritoneal macrophages. Here, we demonstrate that GalXM and GXM induced different cytokines profiles in RAW 264.7 macrophages. GalXM induced production of TNF-alpha, NO and iNOS expression, while GXM predominantly induced TGF-beta secretion. Both GalXM and GXM induced early morphological changes identified as autophagy and late macrophages apoptosis mediated by Fas/FasL interaction, a previously unidentified mechanism of virulence. GalXM was more potent than GXM at induction of Fas/FasL expression and apoptosis on macrophages in vitro and in vivo. These findings uncover a mechanism by which capsular polysaccharides from C. neoformans might compromise host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen N Villena
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21 944970, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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10
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Ulett GC, Adderson EE. Regulation of Apoptosis by Gram-Positive Bacteria: Mechanistic Diversity and Consequences for Immunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 2:119-141. [PMID: 19081777 DOI: 10.2174/157339506776843033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death (PCD), is an important physiological mechanism, through which the human immune system regulates homeostasis and responds to diverse forms of cellular damage. PCD may also be involved in immune counteraction to microbial infection. Over the past decade, the amount of research on bacteria-induced PCD has grown tremendously, and the implications of this mechanism on immunity are being elucidated. Some pathogenic bacteria actively trigger the suicide response in critical lineages of leukocytes that orchestrate both the innate and adaptive immune responses; other bacteria proactively prevent PCD to benefit their own survival and persistence. Currently, the microbial virulence factors, which represent the keys to unlocking the suicide response in host cells, are a primary focus of this field. In this review, we discuss these bacterial "apoptosis regulatory molecules" and the apoptotic events they either trigger or prevent, the host target cells of this regulatory activity, and the possible ramifications for immunity to infection. Gram-positive pathogens including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Listeria, and Clostridia species are discussed as important agents of human infection that modulate PCD pathways in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen C Ulett
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA
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11
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Severinová J, Salát J, Krocová Z, Reznícková J, Demová H, Horká H, Kopecký J. Co-inoculation of Borrelia afzelii with tick salivary gland extract influences distribution of immunocompetent cells in the skin and lymph nodes of mice. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2006; 50:457-63. [PMID: 16475508 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The impact of Ixodes ricinus salivary gland extract (SGE) on inflammatory changes in the skin and draining lymph nodes of mice, elicited by the infection with the important human pathogen, B. afzelii, was determined using flow cytometry. SGE injected together with spirochetes reduced the numbers of leukocytes and gammadelta-T lymphocytes in infected epidermis at early time-points post infection. In draining lymph nodes, the anti-inflammatory effect of SGE was manifested by the decrease of total cell count compared with that in mice treated with inactivated SGE. Changes in subpopulations of immunocompetent cells apparently reflected the effect of SGE on the proliferation of spirochetes in the host. The significance of tick saliva anti-inflammatory effect for saliva activated transmission of B. afzelii is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Severinová
- Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Ceské Budĕjovice, Czechia
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12
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Poggi A, Contini P, Catellani S, Setti M, Murdaca G, Zocchi MR. Regulation of γδ T cell survival by soluble HLA-I: Involvement of CD8 and activating killer Ig-like receptors. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:2670-8. [PMID: 16114098 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200526177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We show that human Vdelta1 or Vdelta2 T lymphocytes secrete FasL and undergo apoptosis upon incubation with soluble HLA (sHLA)-I or after cross-linking of CD8, with a kinetics different from that observed following ligation of TCR. sHLA-I-induced apoptosis was blocked by anti-CD8 mAb; on the other hand, sHLA-I was not effective in CD8- clones, while an HLA-I mutated in the alpha3 domain, responsible for CD8 binding, was not functional on CD8+ clones. Purified sHLA-Cw3 or -Cw4 alleles, isolated from the Cw3- or Cw4-transfected 721.221 lymphoblastoid cell line, triggered gammadelta T cell apoptosis, interacting with the specific receptors CD158j/KIR2DS2 or CD158 h/KIR2DS1, respectively, also known as activating isoforms of killer Ig-like receptors (KIR). Again, this effect was dependent on FasL secretion and it was blocked by specific mAb to KIR2DS2 or KIR2DS1. The engagement of CD8 or activating KIR also triggered the production of TNF-alpha. Noteworthy, sHLA-I molecules synergize with antigen-mediated activation of Vdelta2 T cells: Indeed, Vdelta2 T lymphocytes produced TNF-alpha when stimulated with isopentenyl pyrophosphate, and this effect was enhanced by sHLA-I. These findings suggest that sHLA-I can regulate gammadelta T cell survival and that activating KIR may amplify antigen-specific Vdelta2 T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology D, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy.
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13
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Ponomarev ED, Dittel BN. Gamma delta T cells regulate the extent and duration of inflammation in the central nervous system by a Fas ligand-dependent mechanism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:4678-87. [PMID: 15814692 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.4678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gamma delta T cells have been shown to regulate immune responses associated with inflammation, but the mechanism of this regulation is largely unknown. Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of the human CNS autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis, we demonstrate that gamma delta T cells are important regulators of CNS inflammation. This was shown using gamma delta T cell-deficient mice that were unable to recover from EAE. The chronic disease was accompanied by a prolonged presence of both macrophages and lymphocytes in the CNS. This extended inflammatory response was due to alterations in both cell proliferation and death. In mice lacking gamma delta T cells, proliferation of encephalitogenic T cells was 3-fold higher, and caspase activity, indicating apoptosis, was 2-fold lower compared with those in control mice recovering from EAE. gamma delta T cell-deficient mice reconstituted with wild-type gamma delta T cells recovered from EAE and resolved inflammation in the CNS, whereas mice reconstituted with Fas ligand-dysfunctional gamma delta T cells did not. Thus, gamma delta T cells regulate both inflammation in the CNS and disease recovery via Fas/Fas ligand-induced apoptosis of encephalitogenic T cells, and a quick resolution of inflammation in the CNS is essential to prevent permanent damage to the CNS resulting in chronic disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Central Nervous System/pathology
- Chimera/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Humans
- Inflammation/etiology
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Ligands
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Multiple Sclerosis/etiology
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/deficiency
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene D Ponomarev
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of S.E. Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201-2178, USA
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14
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Kuranaga N, Kinoshita M, Kawabata T, Shinomiya N, Seki S. A defective Th1 response of the spleen in the initial phase may explain why splenectomy helps prevent a Listeria infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 140:11-21. [PMID: 15762870 PMCID: PMC1809347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Listeria) are known to grow and proliferate in the liver while a splenectomy induces host resistance against a Listeria infection despite the fact that a splenectomy inhibits the Th1 response. Therefore, the mechanism by which a splenectomy helps to prevent the growth of Listeria still remains to be elucidated. After an i.v. challenge of Listeria (1 x 10(6) CFU) in C57BL/6 mice, Listeria rapidly increased in the spleen but not in the liver until 48 h. However, after this initial phase, Listeria remarkably grew in the liver. In contrast, when the mice received a splenectomy beforehand, no remarkable growth of Listeria in the liver was observed after Listeria challenge despite the fact that serum IFN-gamma and IL-12 levels at 24 h after Listeria challenge were significantly lower than those in the sham mice. However, the liver leucocytes from mice by 6 h after infection produced a substantial amount of IFN-gamma while spleen MNC did not, whereas spleen leucocytes at 24 h after Listeria challenge did. Consistently, the IFN-gamma and IL-12 levels in the tissue homogenates of the spleen were significantly lower than in those of the liver until 6 h after infection. This defective spleen Th1 response in the early phase of Listeria infection was corrected by an IL-18 i.p. injection just after the Listeria challenge. Our findings suggest that Listeria exploit the defective Th1 environment of the spleen in the initial phase and afterwards overcome the host defense mechanism of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kuranaga
- Department of Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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15
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Andrew EM, Carding SR. Murine γδ T cells in infections: beneficial or deleterious? Microbes Infect 2005; 7:529-36. [PMID: 15777712 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2004] [Accepted: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the importance of gammadelta T cells in pathogen-induced immune responses is becoming increasingly apparent, it is not clear that their involvement is always of benefit to the host. Here we review evidence for the protective and damaging roles of gammadelta T cells in infection and discuss how these disparate findings might be resolved by considering the nature and properties of the pathogen, the sites of infection and conditions under which gammadelta T cell responses are initiated, and the involvement of different subsets of gammadelta T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Andrew
- School of Biochemistry and Microbiology, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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16
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Dalton JE, Howell G, Pearson J, Scott P, Carding SR. Fas-Fas ligand interactions are essential for the binding to and killing of activated macrophages by gamma delta T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:3660-7. [PMID: 15356111 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gammadelta T cells have a direct role in resolving the host immune response to infection by eliminating populations of activated macrophages. Macrophage reactivity resides within the Vgamma1/Vdelta6.3 subset of gammadelta T cells, which have the ability to kill activated macrophages following infection with Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). However, it is not known how gammadelta T cell macrophage cytocidal activity is regulated, or what effector mechanisms gammadelta T cells use to kill activated macrophages. Using a macrophage-T cell coculture system in which peritoneal macrophages from naive or Lm-infected TCRdelta-/- mice were incubated with splenocytes from wild-type and Fas ligand (FasL)-deficient mice (gld), the ability of Vgamma1 T cells to bind macrophages was shown to be dependent upon Fas-FasL interactions. Combinations of anti-TCR and FasL Abs completely abolished binding to and killing of activated macrophages by Vgamma1 T cells. In addition, confocal microscopy showed that Fas and the TCR colocalized on Vgamma1 T cells at points of contact with macrophages. Collectively, these studies identify an accessory or coreceptor-like function for Fas-FasL that is essential for the interaction of Vgamma1 T cells with activated macrophages and their elimination during the resolution stage of pathogen-induced immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion/genetics
- Cell Adhesion/immunology
- Cell Communication/genetics
- Cell Communication/immunology
- Cell Death/genetics
- Cell Death/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Listeria monocytogenes/immunology
- Macrophage Activation/genetics
- Macrophage Activation/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/microbiology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/deficiency
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/physiology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- fas Receptor/biosynthesis
- fas Receptor/metabolism
- fas Receptor/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Dalton
- School of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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17
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Menaker RJ, Jones NL. Fascination with bacteria-triggered cell death: the significance of Fas-mediated apoptosis during bacterial infection in vivo. Microbes Infect 2004; 5:1149-58. [PMID: 14554257 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2003.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that bacterial pathogens have developed mechanisms to modulate the apoptotic signaling cascade of host cells and thereby cause disease. The Fas death receptor pathway is one of the most extensively investigated apoptotic signaling pathways. In this review we discuss the role of Fas signaling during the interplay between bacterial pathogens and the host in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena J Menaker
- Research Institute, Rm. 8409, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5G 1X8
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18
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Kim S, McAuliffe WJ, Zaritskaya LS, Moore PA, Zhang L, Nardelli B. Selective induction of tumor necrosis receptor factor 6/decoy receptor 3 release by bacterial antigens in human monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells. Infect Immun 2004; 72:89-93. [PMID: 14688085 PMCID: PMC343977 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.1.89-93.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 6/decoy receptor 3 (TR6/DcR3) is an antiapoptosis soluble receptor of the TNF family produced by tumor cells. In this study, TR6 expression in human immune cells was investigated. TR6 mRNA and protein were detectable in selected antigen-presenting cells. Monocytes and myeloid-derived dendritic cells (MDC) released the protein exclusively following stimulation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 by gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial antigens. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, activated by bacterial antigens via TLR9 or by viral infection, did not produce the protein. Similarly, activated T cells did not release TR6. The release of TR6 by MDC was dependent on the activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases, Src-like protein tyrosine kinases, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, signaling pathways important for MDC maturation and survival. In agreement with the in vitro data, TR6 levels in serum were significantly elevated in patients with bacterial infections. Overall, these data suggest a novel role for TR6 in immune responses to bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Kim
- Human Genome Sciences Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
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19
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Jameson J, Witherden D, Havran WL. T-cell effector mechanisms: gammadelta and CD1d-restricted subsets. Curr Opin Immunol 2003; 15:349-53. [PMID: 12787763 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-7915(03)00045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gammadelta T lymphocytes and CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells are classified as innate T lymphocytes, which perform effector functions that protect from malignancy and maintain tissue integrity. Innate T cells also play important regulatory roles in autoimmunity, inflammation and infection. Recent advances have established innate T cells as both effectors and regulators of disease in biological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jameson
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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