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Negi NP, Prakash G, Narwal P, Panwar R, Kumar D, Chaudhry B, Rustagi A. The calcium connection: exploring the intricacies of calcium signaling in plant-microbe interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1248648. [PMID: 37849843 PMCID: PMC10578444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1248648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The process of plant immune response is orchestrated by intracellular signaling molecules. Since plants are devoid of a humoral system, they develop extensive mechanism of pathogen recognition, signal perception, and intricate cell signaling for their protection from biotic and abiotic stresses. The pathogenic attack induces calcium ion accumulation in the plant cells, resulting in calcium signatures that regulate the synthesis of proteins of defense system. These calcium signatures induct different calcium dependent proteins such as calmodulins (CaMs), calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and other signaling molecules to orchestrate the complex defense signaling. Using advanced biotechnological tools, the role of Ca2+ signaling during plant-microbe interactions and the role of CaM/CMLs and CDPKs in plant defense mechanism has been revealed to some extent. The Emerging perspectives on calcium signaling in plant-microbe interactions suggest that this complex interplay could be harnessed to improve plant resistance against pathogenic microbes. We present here an overview of current understanding in calcium signatures during plant-microbe interaction so as to imbibe a future direction of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Prabha Negi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Geeta Prakash
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Narwal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Ruby Panwar
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang J, Sun L, Zhang H, Jiao B, Wang H, Zhou S. Transcriptome analysis during vernalization in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:43. [PMID: 37563565 PMCID: PMC10416481 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vernalization, as a vital process in the life cycle of winter cereal, has important effects on floral organ formation and flowering time. Many morphological changes together with molecular changes occur during the vernalization period. Here, we used transcriptome sequencing to analyze the transcriptomic changes in wheat leaves before, during and after vernalization using the winter wheat cultivar 'Shiluan02-1'. RESULTS A total of 16,370 differentially expressed genes were obtained across different vernalization periods. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that photoperiodism, photoprotection, photosynthesis, lipid transport and biosynthetic process, and chlorophyll metabolic process were closely related to vernalization. In addition, AP2/ERF, C2H2, bHLH, WRKY, MYB, MYB-related, and NAC transcription factors were significantly enriched during vernalization, and the transcription factor expression patterns suggested the intricate regulation of transcription factor modules in plant vernalization pathways. Analysis of gene expression patterns of the MADS-box transcription factor genes showed different expression patterns during vernalization phases, among which VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1) genes were found to gradually increase during vernalization periods from V0 to V35, while decline in the V42 phase, then increase after vernalization. The Tavrt-2 gene cooperated with Tavrn1 to regulate flowering induced by vernalization, and its expression level was rapidly increased by vernalization but declined in the V42 phase and then increased after vernalization. Some genes from the ICE-CBF-COR pathway were also identified, and additional analysis indicated that some key genes related to phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction were enriched during the vernalization period, such as gibberellic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling pathway genes. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides valuable molecular information for future studies on wheat vernalization regulation and also serves as an excellent reference for future wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
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3
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Lin Y, Zhao H, Kotlarz M, Jiang J. Enhancer-mediated reporter gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana: a forward genetic screen. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:661-671. [PMID: 33547831 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is controlled and regulated by interactions between cis-regulatory DNA elements (CREs) and regulatory proteins. Enhancers are one of the most important classes of CREs in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic genes, especially those related to development or responses to environmental cues, are often regulated by multiple enhancers in different tissues and/or at different developmental stages. Remarkably, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which enhancers regulate gene expression in plants. We identified a distal enhancer, CREβ, which regulates the expression of AtDGK7, which encodes a diacylglycerol kinase in Arabidopsis. We developed a transgenic line containing the luciferase reporter gene (LUC) driven by CREβ fused with a minimal cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. The CREβ enhancer was shown to play a role in the response to osmotic pressure of the LUC reporter gene. A forward genetic screen pipeline based on the transgenic line was established to generate mutations associated with altered expression of the LUC reporter gene. We identified a suite of mutants with variable LUC expression levels as well as different segregation patterns of the mutations in populations. We demonstrate that this pipeline will allow us to identify trans-regulatory factors associated with CREβ function as well as those acting in the regulation of the endogenous AtDGK7 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hainan Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Magdalena Kotlarz
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jiming Jiang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Michigan State University AgBioResearch, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Tominaga Y, Suzuki K, Uemura M, Kawamura Y. In Planta Monitoring of Cold-Responsive Promoter Activity Reveals a Distinctive Photoperiodic Response in Cold Acclimation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:43-52. [PMID: 33367798 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant cold acclimation involves complicated pathways that integrate signals from temperature changes and light conditions. To understand plant responses to environmental signals in detail, molecular events that are regulated by temperature and light must be investigated at the whole-plant level in a nondestructive way. Using the promoter of COR15A connected to the luciferase reporter gene as a cold-responsive indicator, we developed an in planta monitoring system for gene expression under controlled temperature and photoperiod conditions. COR15A promoter activity was intensified by day-night cycles at 2�C, while its induction was abruptly suppressed in the dark at 8�C or higher, indicating a difference in responsiveness to photocycle between these two acclimation conditions. Freeze-thawing tests of whole plants proved that lower acclimation temperature resulted in higher tolerance to freezing, consistent with the temperature-dependent induction of COR15A. Inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea eliminated the responsiveness to the day-night cycles at 2�C, indicating a possibility that the photosynthetic redox and/or the accumulation of photosynthates modulate COR15A responsiveness to photoperiod during cold acclimation, in addition to the well-known regulation by CBF (C-repeat binding factor) genes. These findings indicate that the cold-responsive promoter is regulated by distinctive mechanisms dependent on temperature and simultaneously affected by photocycle and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Tominaga
- Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Kensaku Suzuki
- NARO Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, 4 Akahira, Shimo-Kuriyagawa, Morioka, 020-0198 Japan
| | - Matsuo Uemura
- Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
- Department of Plant-Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Yukio Kawamura
- Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
- Department of Plant-Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
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Yu H, Kong X, Huang H, Wu W, Park J, Yun DJ, Lee BH, Shi H, Zhu JK. STCH4/REIL2 Confers Cold Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis by Promoting rRNA Processing and CBF Protein Translation. Cell Rep 2021; 30:229-242.e5. [PMID: 31914389 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to cold stress by inducing the expression of transcription factors that regulate downstream genes to confer tolerance to freezing. We screened an Arabidopsis transfer DNA (T-DNA) insertion library and identified a cold-hypersensitive mutant, which we named stch4 (sensitive to chilling 4). STCH4/REIL2 encodes a ribosomal biogenesis factor that is upregulated upon cold stress. Overexpression of STCH4 confers chilling and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. The stch4 mutation reduces CBF protein levels and thus delayed the induction of C-repeat-binding factor (CBF) regulon genes. Ribosomal RNA processing is reduced in stch4 mutants, especially under cold stress. STCH4 associates with multiple ribosomal proteins, and these interactions are modulated by cold stress. These results suggest that the ribosome is a regulatory node for cold stress responses and that STCH4 promotes an altered ribosomal composition and functions in low temperatures to facilitate the translation of proteins important for plant growth and survival under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasi Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Huang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwu Wu
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 311300 Lin'an, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junghoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Ha Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, South Korea
| | - Huazhong Shi
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Zeng D, Cui J, Yin Y, Zhang M, Shan S, Liu MY, Cheng D, Lu W, Sun Y. Proteomic analysis in different development stages on SP0 generation of rice seeds after space flight. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2020; 26:34-45. [PMID: 32718685 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The space biological effects of plants will drive the development of aerospace science and breeding science. The aim of this study is to reveal changes in the proteome of contemporary plants at different growth and development stages after space flight of rice seeds. We carried the rice seeds (DN416) through the SJ-10 returning satellite and returned to the ground for planting to the three-leaf stage (TLP) and tillering stage (TS) after a 12.5-day orbital flight. We found that the space flight caused the rice germination rate, the TLP plant height, and the number of tillers in the TS decreased by 11.64%, 9.75%, and 9.80%, respectively. In addition, the treatment group ROS and MDA level increased in the TLP and TS. The abundance patterns of proteins in these leaves identified 214 proteins in the TLP and 286 in the TS leaves that were markedly changed. Moreover, our study identified D14 proteins that control plant height and tiller. Our results show that the space environment may affect the downstream signaling mechanism by regulating the level of ROS in the body to achieve a response to the space environment. Meanwhile, the space environment may affect the plant height and tiller of rice by altering the expression of D14 protein and hormone-regulated proteins. Our results reveal changes in the proteome of different growth stages of rice plants, and also reveal the molecular mechanism of space environment regulation of rice plant height and tiller, which provides a new direction for further understanding of space biological effects and space mutation breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyong Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Jie Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yishu Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Environment System Biological Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Shan Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Meng Yao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Dayou Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Weihong Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yeqing Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China; Environment System Biological Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
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Tiwari B, Habermann K, Arif MA, Weil HL, Garcia-Molina A, Kleine T, Mühlhaus T, Frank W. Identification of small RNAs during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:298. [PMID: 32600430 PMCID: PMC7325139 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold stress causes dynamic changes in gene expression that are partially caused by small non-coding RNAs since they regulate protein coding transcripts and act in epigenetic gene silencing pathways. Thus, a detailed analysis of transcriptional changes of small RNAs (sRNAs) belonging to all known sRNA classes such as microRNAs (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNAs) in response to cold contributes to an understanding of cold-related transcriptome changes. RESULT We subjected A. thaliana plants to cold acclimation conditions (4 °C) and analyzed the sRNA transcriptomes after 3 h, 6 h and 2 d. We found 93 cold responsive differentially expressed miRNAs and only 14 of these were previously shown to be cold responsive. We performed miRNA target prediction for all differentially expressed miRNAs and a GO analysis revealed the overrepresentation of miRNA-targeted transcripts that code for proteins acting in transcriptional regulation. We also identified a large number of differentially expressed cis- and trans-nat-siRNAs, as well as sRNAs that are derived from long non-coding RNAs. By combining the results of sRNA and mRNA profiling with miRNA target predictions and publicly available information on transcription factors, we reconstructed a cold-specific, miRNA and transcription factor dependent gene regulatory network. We verified the validity of links in the network by testing its ability to predict target gene expression under cold acclimation. CONCLUSION In A. thaliana, miRNAs and sRNAs derived from cis- and trans-NAT gene pairs and sRNAs derived from lncRNAs play an important role in regulating gene expression in cold acclimation conditions. This study provides a fundamental database to deepen our knowledge and understanding of regulatory networks in cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavika Tiwari
- Department of Biology I, Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biocenter, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kristin Habermann
- Department of Biology I, Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biocenter, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - M. Asif Arif
- Department of Biology I, Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biocenter, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lukas Weil
- Computational Systems Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 23, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Antoni Garcia-Molina
- Department of Biology I, Plant Molecular Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biocenter, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Department of Biology I, Plant Molecular Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biocenter, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Computational Systems Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 23, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frank
- Department of Biology I, Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biocenter, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Guo J, Ren Y, Tang Z, Shi W, Zhou M. Characterization and expression profiling of the ICE-CBF-COR genes in wheat. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8190. [PMID: 31803544 PMCID: PMC6886486 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that limit crop production. The ICE-CBF-COR pathway is associated with cold stress response in a wide variety of crop species. However, the ICE-CBF-COR genes has not been well characterized in wheat (Triticum aestivum). This study identified, characterized and examined the expression profiles of the ICE, CBF and COR genes for cold defense in wheat. Five ICE (inducer of CBF expression) genes, 37 CBF (C-repeat binding factor) genes and 11 COR (cold-responsive or cold-regulated) genes were discovered in the wheat genome database. Phylogenetic trees based on all 53 genes revealed that CBF genes were more diverse than ICE and COR genes. Twenty-two of the 53 genes appeared to include 11 duplicated pairs. Twenty rice (Oryza sativa) genes and 21 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and maize (Zea mays) genes showed collinearity with the wheat ICE, CBF and COR genes. Transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analyses revealed tissue-specific expression patterns of the ICE, CBF and COR genes, and identified similarities in the expression pattern of genes from the same family when subjected to drought, heat, drought plus heat, and cold stress. These results provide information for better understanding the biological roles of ICE, CBF, COR genes in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guo
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yongkang Ren
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China.,Research Center of Biotechnology, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Weiping Shi
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China.,School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Shi J, Wang J, Wang N, Zhou H, Xu Q, Yan G. Overexpression of StGA2ox1 Gene Increases the Tolerance to Abiotic Stress in Transgenic Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Plants. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:1204-1219. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Phua SY, Yan D, Chan KX, Estavillo GM, Nambara E, Pogson BJ. The Arabidopsis SAL1-PAP Pathway: A Case Study for Integrating Chloroplast Retrograde, Light and Hormonal Signaling in Modulating Plant Growth and Development? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1171. [PMID: 30135700 PMCID: PMC6092573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are dependent on chloroplast development and function. Constitutive high level accumulation of a chloroplast stress signal, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate (PAP), confers drought tolerance to plants, but slow downs and alters plant growth and development. PAP, a by-product of sulfur metabolism, is maintained at very low levels by the SAL1 phosphatase during vegetative growth of Arabidopsis and accumulates in rosettes during drought and excess light. Eight independent forward genetic screens in Arabidopsis identified SAL1 as the regulator of multiple phenotypes related to stress responses, hormonal signaling and/or perception. In this perspective article, we collate all the sal1 phenotypes published in the past two decades, and distill the different pathways affected. Our meta-analysis of publicly available sal1 microarray data coupled to preliminary hormonal treatment and profiling results on sal1 indicate that homeostasis and responses to multiple hormones in sal1 are altered during rosette growth, suggesting a potential connection between SAL1-PAP stress retrograde pathway and hormonal signaling. We propose the SAL1-PAP pathway as a case study for integrating chloroplast retrograde signaling, light signaling and hormonal signaling in plant growth and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Y. Phua
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dawei Yan
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kai X. Chan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gonzalo M. Estavillo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barry J. Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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11
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Jin Y, Zhai S, Wang W, Ding X, Guo Z, Bai L, Wang S. Identification of genes from the ICE-CBF-COR pathway under cold stress in Aegilops- Triticum composite group and the evolution analysis with those from Triticeae. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29515316 PMCID: PMC5834981 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions limit various aspects of plant growth, productivity, and ecological distribution. To get more insights into the signaling pathways under low temperature, we identified 10 C-repeat binding factors (CBFs), 9 inducer of CBF expression (ICEs) and 10 cold-responsive (CORs) genes from Aegilops-Triticum composite group under cold stress. Conserved amino acids analysis revealed that all CBF, ICE, COR contained specific and typical functional domains. Phylogenetic analysis of CBF proteins from Triticeae showed that these CBF homologs were divided into 11 groups. CBFs from Triticum were found in every group, which shows that these CBFs generated prior to the divergence of the subfamilies of Triticeae. The evolutionary relationship among the ICE and COR proteins in Poaceae were divided into four groups with high multispecies specificity, respectively. Moreover, expression analysis revealed that mRNA accumulation was altered by cold treatment and the genes of three types involved in the ICE-CBF-COR signaling pathway were induced by cold stress. Together, the results make CBF, ICE, COR genes family in Triticeae more abundant, and provide a starting point for future studies on transcriptional regulatory network for improvement of chilling tolerance in crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya’nan Jin
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Shanshan Zhai
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Xihan Ding
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Zhifu Guo
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Liping Bai
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
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12
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Wang DZ, Jin YN, Ding XH, Wang WJ, Zhai SS, Bai LP, Guo ZF. Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction in the ICE-CBF-COR Signaling Pathway during Cold Stress in Plants. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:1103-1117. [PMID: 29037131 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is an abiotic stress that adversely affects the growth and production of plants. Resistance and adaptation of plants to cold stress is dependent upon the activation of molecular networks and pathways involved in signal transduction and the regulation of cold-stress related genes. Because it has numerous and complex genes, regulation factors, and pathways, research on the ICE-CBF-COR signaling pathway is the most studied and detailed, which is thought to be rather important for cold resistance of plants. In this review, we focus on the function of each member, interrelation among members, and the influence of manipulators and repressors in the ICE-CBF-COR pathway. In addition, regulation and signal transduction concerning plant hormones, circadian clock, and light are discussed. The studies presented provide a detailed picture of the ICE-CBF-COR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Zhi Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
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13
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Kikuchi A, Huynh HD, Endo T, Watanabe K. Review of recent transgenic studies on abiotic stress tolerance and future molecular breeding in potato. BREEDING SCIENCE 2015; 65:85-102. [PMID: 25931983 PMCID: PMC4374567 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.65.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has become a major issue within the last decade. Traditional breeding programs for potato have focused on increasing productivity and quality and disease resistance, thus, modern cultivars have limited tolerance of abiotic stresses. The introgression of abiotic stress tolerance into modern cultivars is essential work for the future. Recently, many studies have investigated abiotic stress using transgenic techniques. This manuscript focuses on the study of abiotic stress, in particular drought, salinity and low temperature, during this century. Dividing studies into these three stress categories for this review was difficult. Thus, based on the study title and the transgene property, transgenic studies were classified into five categories in this review; oxidative scavengers, transcriptional factors, and above three abiotic categories. The review focuses on studies that investigate confer of stress tolerance and the identification of responsible factors, including wild relatives. From a practical application perspective, further evaluation of transgenic potato with abiotic stress tolerance is required. Although potato plants, including wild species, have a large potential for abiotic stress tolerance, exploration of the factors responsible for conferring this tolerance is still developing. Molecular breeding, including genetic engineering and conventional breeding using DNA markers, is expected to develop in the future.
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Peng PH, Lin CH, Tsai HW, Lin TY. Cold response in Phalaenopsis aphrodite and characterization of PaCBF1 and PaICE1. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:1623-35. [PMID: 24974386 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phalaenopsis is a winter-blooming orchid genus commonly cultivated in tropical Asian countries. Because orchids are one of the most economically important flower crops in Taiwan, it is crucial to understand their response to cold and other abiotic stresses. The present study focused on gene regulation of P. aphrodite in response to abiotic stress, mainly cold. Our results demonstrate that P. aphrodite is sensitive to low temperatures, especially in its reproductive stage. We found that after exposure to 4°C, plants in the vegetative stage maintained better membrane integrity and photosynthetic capacity than in the flowering stage. At the molecular level, C-repeat binding factor1 (PaCBF1) and its putative target gene dehydrin1 (PaDHN1) mRNAs were induced by cold, whereas inducer of CBF expression1 (PaICE1) mRNA was constitutively expressed. PaICE1 transactivated MYC motifs in the PaCBF1 promoter, indicating that up-regulation of PaCBF1 may be mediated by the binding of PaICE1 to MYC motifs. Overexpression of PaCBF1 in transgenic Arabidopsis induced AtCOR6.6 and RD29a without cold stimulus and maintained better membrane integrity after cold stress. Herein, we present evidence that cold induction of PaCBF1 transcripts in P. aphrodite may be transactivated by PaICE1 and consequently protect plants from cold damage through up-regulation of cold-regulated (COR) genes, such as DHN. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of the isolation and characterization of CBF, DHN and ICE genes in the Orchidaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsin Peng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Hui Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Wen Tsai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsai-Yun Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Overexpression of StDREB1 transcription factor increases tolerance to salt in transgenic potato plants. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 54:803-17. [PMID: 23250722 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been established that drought-responsive element binding (DREB) proteins correspond to transcription factors which play important regulatory roles in plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, a novel cDNA encoding DREB transcription factor, designated StDREB1, was isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). This protein was classified in the A-4 group of DREB subfamily based on multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic characterization. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that StDREB1 is expressed in leaves, stems, and roots under stress conditions and it is greatly induced by NaCl, drought, low temperature, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. Overexpression of StDREB1 cDNA in transgenic potato plants exhibited an improved salt and drought stress tolerance in comparison to the non-transformed controls. The enhanced stress tolerance may be associated with the increase in P5CS-RNA expression (δ (1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase) and the subsequent accumulation of proline osmoprotectant in addition to a better control of water loss. Overexpression of StDREB1 also activated stress-responsive genes, such as those encoding calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), in transgenic potatoes under standard and high salt conditions. These data suggest that the StDREB1 transcription factor is involved in the regulation of salt stress tolerance in potato by the activation of different downstream gene expression.
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16
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A nucleotide metabolite controls stress-responsive gene expression and plant development. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26661. [PMID: 22028934 PMCID: PMC3197580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress, such as drought and high salinity, activates a network of signaling cascades that lead to the expression of many stress-responsive genes in plants. The Arabidopsis FIERY1 (FRY1) protein is a negative regulator of stress and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and exhibits both an inositol polyphosphatase and a 3′,5′-bisphosphate nucleotidase activity in vitro. The FRY1 nucleotidase degrades the sulfation byproduct 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphate (PAP), yet its in vivo functions and particularly its roles in stress gene regulation remain unclear. Here we developed a LC-MS/MS method to quantitatively measure PAP levels in plants and investigated the roles of this nucleotidase activity in stress response and plant development. It was found that PAP level was tightly controlled in plants and did not accumulate to any significant level either under normal conditions or under NaCl, LiCl, cold, or ABA treatments. In contrast, high levels of PAP were detected in multiple mutant alleles of FRY1 but not in mutants of other FRY1 family members, indicating that FRY1 is the major enzyme that hydrolyzes PAP in vivo. By genetically reducing PAP levels in fry1 mutants either through overexpression of a yeast PAP nucleotidase or by generating a triple mutant of fry1 apk1 apk2 that is defective in the biosynthesis of the PAP precursor 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS), we demonstrated that the developmental defects and superinduction of stress-responsive genes in fry1 mutants correlate with PAP accumulation in planta. We also found that the hypersensitive stress gene regulation in fry1 requires ABH1 but not ABI1, two other negative regulators in ABA signaling pathways. Unlike in yeast, however, FRY1 overexpression in Arabidopsis could not enhance salt tolerance. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PAP is critical for stress gene regulation and plant development, yet the FRY1 nucleotidase that catabolizes PAP may not be an in vivo salt toxicity target in Arabidopsis.
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Rudi H, Sandve SR, Opseth LM, Larsen A, Rognli OA. Identification of candidate genes important for frost tolerance in Festuca pratensis Huds. by transcriptional profiling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 180:78-85. [PMID: 21421350 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Studies of differential gene expression between cold acclimated (CA) and non-cold acclimated (NA) plants yield insight into how plants prepare for cold stress at the transcriptional level. Furthermore genes involved in the cold acclimation process are good candidate loci for genetic variation in frost tolerance and winter survival. In this study we combine different approaches to try to decode the genetics of cold acclimation and frost tolerance in meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds). An EST library of cold acclimation responsive genes was established by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), and a microarray experiment was used to identify gene expression differences between high and low frost tolerance genotypes in response to cold acclimation. Many genes known to be involved in CA in other species were confirmed to be involved in CA in F. pratensis, however, 18% of the ESTs did not show significant homology to any database proteins. Seven genes were found to be differentially expressed (>2-fold) between high and low frost tolerance genotypes. Two of these genes, FpQM and FpTPT, represent interesting candidate genes for frost tolerance in perennial forage grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Rudi
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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18
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Gorsuch PA, Sargeant AW, Penfield SD, Quick WP, Atkin OK. Systemic low temperature signaling in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 51:1488-1498. [PMID: 20813832 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
When leaves are exposed to low temperature, sugars accumulate and transcription factors in the C-repeat binding factor (CBF) family are expressed, which, together with CBF-independent pathways, are known to contribute to the cold acclimation process and an increase in freezing tolerance. What is not known, however, is whether expression of these cold-regulated genes can be induced systemically in response to a localized cold treatment. To address this, pre-existing, mature leaves of warm-grown Arabidopsis thaliana were exposed to a localized cold treatment (near 10 °C) whilst conjoined newly developing leaves continued only to experience warmer temperatures. In initial experiments on wild-type A. thaliana (Col-0) using real-time reverse transcription--PCR (RT-PCR) we observed that some genes--including CBF genes, certain downstream cold-responsive (COR) targets and CBF-independent transcription factors--respond to a direct 9 °C treatment of whole plants. In subsequent experiments, we found that the treatment of expanded leaves with temperatures near 10 °C can induce cold-associated genes in conjoined warm-maintained tissues. CBF1 showed a particularly strong systemic response, although CBF-independent transcription factors also responded. Moreover, the localized cold treatment of A. thaliana (C24) plants with a luciferase reporter fused to the promoter region of KIN2 indicated that in warm-maintained leaves, KIN2 might respond to a systemic signal from remote, directly cold-treated leaves. Collectively, our study provides strong evidence that the processes involved in cold acclimation are partially mediated by a signal that acts systemically. This has the potential to act as an early-warning system to enable developing leaves to cope better with the cold environment in which they are growing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Gorsuch
- Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO105YW, UK
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Lee BH, Zhu JK. Phenotypic analysis of Arabidopsis mutants: germination rate under salt/hormone-induced stress. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010; 2010:pdb.prot4969. [PMID: 20360355 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stress, such as high salt or low temperature, adversely affects plant growth and development. Salt stress inhibits seed germination, retards plant growth, and accelerates senescence. Freezing or drought stress can cause cell damage and plant death. The following parameters can be used to evaluate plant tolerance to salt, drought, or freezing stress: root elongation, fresh weight gain, seed germination (described here), electrolyte leakage, or water loss measurement. Several stress mutants have been characterized using these tests, including hos1 and hos2, which show higher expression of some stress-regulated genes when exposed to low-temperature stress; hos5, which shows higher expression of some stress-regulated genes under abscisic acid (ABA) and salt treatments; sfr mutants, which are deficient in freezing tolerance; and eskimo1, which is constitutively freezing-tolerant. This protocol describes a germination assay that can be carried out on seeds subjected to osmotic or hormone-induced stress. The seeds are plated on filter paper saturated with ABA (for hormonal stress) or with NaCl or mannitol (for osmotic stress). The germination rate can be scored on different days; germination is considered to have occurred when the radicles have penetrated the seed coats. The levels of stress suggested in this protocol may need to be adjusted, depending on the ecotype and growth conditions used.
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Lee BH, Zhu JK. Phenotypic analysis of Arabidopsis mutants: root elongation under salt/hormone-induced stress. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010; 2009:pdb.prot4968. [PMID: 20150051 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stress, such as high salt or low temperature, adversely affects plant growth and development. Salt stress inhibits seed germination, retards plant growth, and accelerates senescence. Freezing or drought stress can cause cell damage and plant death. The following parameters can be used to evaluate plant tolerance to salt, drought, or freezing stress: root elongation (described here), fresh weight gain, seed germination, electrolyte leakage, or water loss measurement. Several stress mutants have been characterized using these tests, including hos1 and hos2, which show higher expression of some stress-regulated genes when exposed to low-temperature stress; hos5, which shows higher expression of some stress-regulated genes under abscisic acid (ABA) and salt treatments; sfr mutants, which are deficient in freezing tolerance; and eskimo1, which is constitutively freezing-tolerant. To determine whether a mutant shows altered response to osmotic stress or to specific ions, various concentrations of salts can be used. Mannitol can also be used to impose osmotic stress, and ABA can be used to impose hormone stress. Among the salts used in this protocol, Li(+) is considered a toxic analog of Na(+), whereas Cs(+) is a toxic cation related to K(+). The levels of stress suggested in this protocol may need to be adjusted, depending on the ecotype and growth conditions used.
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Lu SY, Zhao GR, Wu AM, Jenks MA, Zhang S, Liu JY. Molecular cloning of a cotton phosphatase gene and its functional characterization. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 75:85-94. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Lee BH, Zhu JK. Phenotypic analysis of Arabidopsis mutants: electrolyte leakage after freezing stress. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010; 2010:pdb.prot4970. [PMID: 20150108 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONAbiotic stress such as high salt or low temperature adversely affects plant growth and development. Salt stress inhibits seed germination, retards plant growth, and accelerates senescence. Freezing or drought stress can cause cell damage and plant death. The following parameters can be used to evaluate plant tolerance to salt, drought, or freezing stress: root elongation, fresh weight gain, seed germination, electrolyte leakage (described here), or water-loss measurement. Several stress mutants have been characterized using these tests, including hos1 and hos2, which show higher expression of some stress-regulated genes when exposed to low-temperature stress; hos5, which shows higher expression of some stress-regulated genes under abscisic acid (ABA) and salt treatments; sfr mutants, which are deficient in freezing tolerance; and eskimo1, which is constitutively freezing tolerant. This protocol describes an electrolyte leakage assay that can be used to measure the degree of cell damage after freezing stress in Arabidopsis. The levels of stress suggested in this protocol may need to be adjusted, depending on the ecotype and growth conditions used.
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Sun X, Hu C, Tan Q, Liu J, Liu H. Effects of molybdenum on expression of cold-responsive genes in abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways in winter wheat under low-temperature stress. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2009; 104:345-56. [PMID: 19491090 PMCID: PMC2710908 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential trace element for higher plants. It has been shown that application of Mo enhances the cold resistance of winter wheat. In order to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cold resistance arising from application of Mo in winter wheat, investigations were made regarding the transcription of cold-responsive (COR) genes in abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways in winter wheat regulated by Mo application under low-temperature stress. METHODS Two cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), Mo-efficient cultivar '97003' and Mo-inefficient cultivar '97014', were grown in control (-Mo) and Mo fertilizer (+Mo) treatments for 40 d at 15/12 degrees C (day/night), and the temperature was then reduced to 5/2 degrees C (day/night) to create low-temperature stress. Aldehyde oxidase (AO) activities, ABA contents, the transcripts of basic leucine zipper (bZIP)-type transcription factor (TF) genes, ABA-dependent COR genes, CBF/DREB transcription factor genes and ABA-independent COR genes were investigated at 0, 3, 6 and 48 h post cold stress. KEY RESULTS Mo application significantly increased AO activity, ABA levels, and expression of bZIP-type TF genes (Wlip19 and Wabi5) and ABA-dependent COR genes (Wrab15, Wrab17, Wrab18 and Wrab19). Mo application increased expression levels of CBF/DREB transcription factor genes (TaCBF and Wcbf2-1) and ABA-independent COR genes (Wcs120, Wcs19, Wcor14 and Wcor15) after 3 and 6 h exposure to low temperature. CONCLUSIONS Mo might regulate the expression of ABA-dependent COR genes through the pathway: Mo --> AO --> ABA --> bZIP --> ABA-dependent COR genes in winter wheat. The response of the ABA-dependent pathway to Mo was prior to that of the ABA-independent pathway. Similarities and differences between the Mo-efficient and Mo-inefficient wheat cultivars in response to Mo under cold stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
- Research Center of Trace Elements, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
- Research Center of Trace Elements, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Qilin Tan
- Research Center of Trace Elements, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
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Kwon SJ, Kwon SI, Bae MS, Cho EJ, Park OK. Role of the methionine sulfoxide reductase MsrB3 in cold acclimation in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 48:1713-1723. [PMID: 17956860 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcm143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Methionine residues of proteins are a major target for oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are generated in response to a variety of stress conditions. Methionine sulfoxide (MetO) reductases are present in most organisms and play protective roles in the cellular response to oxidative stress, reducing oxidized MetO back to Met. Previously, an Arabidopsis MetO reductase, MsrB3, was identified as a cold-responsive protein. Here we report that MsrB3 functions in the process of cold acclimation, thus contributing to cold tolerance. In contrast to normal, wild-type plants, msrb3 mutant plants lost the ability to become tolerant to freezing temperatures following cold pre-treatment. Furthermore, when exposed to low temperature, msrb3 plants exhibited a larger increase in MetO and H(2)O(2) content and electrolyte leakage compared with wild-type and MsrB3 transgenic plants. It is also shown that MsrB3 is localized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We propose that MsrB3 plays an important role in cold tolerance by eliminating MetO and ROS that accumulate at the ER during cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jae Kwon
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Koiwa H, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM. Identification of plant stress-responsive determinants in Arabidopsis by large-scale forward genetic screens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2006; 57:1119-28. [PMID: 16513815 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erj093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
All plants sense and adapt to adverse environmental conditions, however, crop plants exhibit less genetic diversity for abiotic stress tolerance than do wild relatives indicating that a genetic basis exists for stress adaptability. Model plant genetic systems and the plethora of molecular genetic resources that are currently available are greatly enhancing our ability to identify abiotic stress-responsive genetic determinants. Forward genetic screens of T-DNA mutagenized Arabidopsis thaliana populations in the genetic background of ecotypes C24(RD29a-LUC) and Col-0 gl1 sos3-1 were carried out to begin an exhaustive search for such determinants. The C24(RD29a-LUC) screens identified mutants with altered salt/osmotic stress sensitivity or mutants with altered expression of the salt/osmotic/cold/ABA-responsive RD29a gene. Also, mutations that alter the NaCl sensitivity of sos3-1 were screened for potential genetic suppressors or enhancers of salt-stress responses mediated by SOS3. In total, more than 250 000 independent insertion lines were screened and greater than 200 individual mutants that exhibited altered stress/ABA responses were recovered. Although several of these mutants have been reported, most have not yet been studied in detail. Notable examples include novel alleles of SOS1 and mutations to genes encoding the STT3a subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase, syntaxin, RNA polymerase II CTD phosphatases, transcription factors, ABA biosynthetic enzyme, Na+ transporter HKT1, and SUMO E3 ligase. The stress-specific phenotypes of mutations to genes that are involved in many basic cellular functions provide indication of the wide range of control mechanisms in cellular homeostasis that are involved in stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Koiwa
- Department of Horticultural Science and Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, 2133 Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA.
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Xiong L, Lee H, Huang R, Zhu JK. A single amino acid substitution in the Arabidopsis FIERY1/HOS2 protein confers cold signaling specificity and lithium tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 40:536-545. [PMID: 15500469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature induces the expression of many plant genes through undefined signaling pathways. To gain insight into cold signal transduction mechanisms, we isolated Arabidopsis mutants that exhibited altered regulation of low temperature-induced gene expression. One such mutant, hos2, was shown previously to have an enhanced induction of stress-responsive genes by cold, whereas the expression of these genes under osmotic stress or the phytohormone absciscic acid (ABA) treatments was not affected. Here we further define the targets of HOS2 by examining the regulation of upstream cold-specific CBF transcription factor genes. It was found that the transcript levels of CBF2 and CBF3 were significantly higher in hos2 mutant plants than in the wild type under cold treatments, suggesting that HOS2 may act upstream of CBFs. The HOS2 gene was cloned using a map-based strategy. Surprisingly, HOS2 is identical to the FIERY1 gene that we had described previously. FIERY1 is a general negative regulator that controls cold, osmotic stress, and ABA signal transduction and possesses inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase activity. The hos2 mutation rendered the HOS2/FIERY1 recombinant protein completely inactive in the cold but did not substantially affect its activity at warm temperatures. Interestingly, the hos2 mutant protein is extremely tolerant to Li+. This study provides a unique example of a single amino acid substitution in a critical regulator that can lead to conditional changes in protein functions and distinct plant phenotypes. The results reinforce the notion that phosphoinositols are important second messengers in cold signal transduction, and shed light on how the diversity of plant tolerance to cold and other abiotic stresses may evolve due to variations in a common molecular switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Xiong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Kim YH, Kim Y, Cho E, Kwak S, Kwon S, Bae J, Lee B, Meen B, Huh GH. Alterations in intracellular and extracellular activities of antioxidant enzymes during suspension culture of sweetpotato. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2004; 65:2471-2476. [PMID: 15381411 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2004] [Revised: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cultured plant cells are a good system for the study of antioxidant mechanisms and for the mass production of antioxidants, because they can be grown under conditions of high oxidative stress. Alterations in the intracellular and extracellular activities of three antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol-type peroxidase (POD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), were investigated in suspension cultures of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) during cell growth. Intracellular SOD activities (units/mg protein) at 15 days after subculture (DAS) and 30 DAS were 10 and 20 times higher, respectively, compared with the SOD activity at 1 DAS, whereas intracellular specific POD and GPX activities did not significantly increase until after 15 DAS, when they rapidly increased. The extracellular activities of the three enzymes in culture medium were much higher than were the intracellular activities. The change in extracellular SOD activity was similar to that of extracellular GPX during cell growth. Those activities showed high levels until 5 DAS and then significantly decreased. Extracellular POD activity had an almost constant level regardless of the cell growth stage. In addition, intracellular SOD and POD isozymes were quite different from those isozymes in the culture medium. The changes in SOD and POD isozymes observed here suggest that different isozymes might modulate the levels of reactive oxygen intermediates during cell growth. Characterization of extracellular antioxidant enzymes discovered here would provide a new understanding for defense mechanism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwa Kim
- Genome Research Center, Inje University, 607 Obangdong, Gimhae 621-749, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
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28
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Kim JB, Kang JY, Kim SY. Over-expression of a transcription factor regulating ABA-responsive gene expression confers multiple stress tolerance. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2004; 2:459-66. [PMID: 17168892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2004.00090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Unfavourable environmental conditions, such as drought, freezing and high salinity, are major limiting factors of plant productivity. Plants perceive and respond adaptively to such 'abiotic stress' conditions, and the adaptive process is controlled mainly by the phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA). The hormone, whose level increases under various stress conditions, functions as a signal to trigger adaptive responses that include changes in gene expression patterns. We have recently reported transcription factors that regulate the ABA-responsive gene expression. As ABA mediates adaptation to several common abiotic stresses, we investigated whether the transcription factors are involved in various stress responses. Here, we report that over-expression of ABF3, one of the factors, confers tolerance to chilling, freezing, high temperature and oxidative stress in addition to drought. Our results indicate that ABF3 is involved in multiple stress responses, and that it may be a useful genetic resource for the engineering of plant stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Baek Kim
- Kumho Life & Environmental Science Laboratory, Korea Kumho Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
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29
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Rohde P, Hincha DK, Heyer AG. Heterosis in the freezing tolerance of crosses between two Arabidopsis thaliana accessions (Columbia-0 and C24) that show differences in non-acclimated and acclimated freezing tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 38:790-9. [PMID: 15144380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Heterosis is broadly defined as the increased vigour of hybrids in comparison to their parents. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, a significant heterosis effect on leaf-freezing tolerance was observed in the F(1) generation of a cross between the accessions Columbia-0 (Col) and C24. Parental Col plants were significantly more freezing-tolerant than C24 plants in both the acclimated and non-acclimated (NA) states. Mid-parent heterosis was observed in the F(1) plants, both in the basic tolerance of non-adapted plants and in freezing tolerance after cold acclimation. Best-parent heterosis, on the other hand, was only found after cold acclimation. The heterosis effect was reduced in the F(2) populations such that only mid-parent heterosis was evident. The leaf content of soluble sugars (fructose (Fru), glucose (Glc), sucrose (Suc) and raffinose (Raf)) increased dramatically in the F(1) plants after cold acclimation as compared to the parental lines. The content of proline (Pro), however, was only moderately increased in the F(1) plants under the same conditions. Correlation analyses showed that only Raf content was consistently related to leaf-freezing tolerance in both the acclimated and NA states. A quantification of mRNA levels in leaves of parental and F(1) lines using quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed no clear indication for an involvement of the investigated genes (CBF (C-repeat binding factor)1, CBF2, (cold-regulated protein (COR) 6.6, COR15a, COR15b, COR47 and COR78) in the heterosis effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rohde
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany
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30
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Thirkettle-Watts D, McCabe TC, Clifton R, Moore C, Finnegan PM, Day DA, Whelan J. Analysis of the alternative oxidase promoters from soybean. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 133:1158-69. [PMID: 14551329 PMCID: PMC281611 DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.028183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2003] [Revised: 08/01/2003] [Accepted: 08/01/2003] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (Aox) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein. In soybean (Glycine max), the three members of the gene family have been shown to be differentially expressed during normal plant development and in response to stresses. To examine the function of the Aox promoters, genomic fragments were obtained for all three soybean genes: Aox1, Aox2a, and Aox2b. The regions of these fragments immediately upstream of the coding regions were used to drive beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression during transient transformation of soybean suspension culture cells and stable transformation of Arabidopsis. The expression patterns of the GUS reporter genes in soybean cells were in agreement with the presence or absence of the various endogenous Aox proteins, determined by immunoblotting. Deletion of different portions of the upstream regions identified sequences responsible for both positive and negative regulation of Aox gene expression in soybean cells. Reporter gene analysis in Arabidopsis plants showed differential tissue expression patterns driven by the three upstream regions, similar to those reported for the endogenous proteins in soybean. The expression profiles of all five members of the Arabidopsis Aox gene family were examined also, to compare with GUS expression driven by the soybean upstream fragments. Even though the promoter activity of the upstream fragments from soybean Aox2a and Aox2b displayed the same tissue specificity in Arabidopsis as they do in soybean, the most prominently expressed endogenous genes in all tissues of Arabidopsis were of the Aox1 type. Thus although regulation of Aox expression generally appears to involve the same signals in different species, different orthologs of Aox may respond variously to these signals. A comparison of upstream sequences between soybean Aox genes and similarly expressed Arabidopsis Aox genes identified common motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Thirkettle-Watts
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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31
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Provart NJ, Gil P, Chen W, Han B, Chang HS, Wang X, Zhu T. Gene expression phenotypes of Arabidopsis associated with sensitivity to low temperatures. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 132:893-906. [PMID: 12805619 PMCID: PMC167029 DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.021261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chilling is a common abiotic stress that leads to economic losses in agriculture. By comparing the transcriptome of Arabidopsis under normal (22 degrees C) and chilling (13 degrees C) conditions, we have surveyed the molecular responses of a chilling-resistant plant to acclimate to a moderate reduction in temperature. The mRNA accumulation of approximately 20% of the approximately 8,000 genes analyzed was affected by chilling. In particular, a highly significant number of genes involved in protein biosynthesis displayed an increase in transcript abundance. We have analyzed the molecular phenotypes of 12 chilling-sensitive mutants exposed to 13 degrees C before any visible phenotype could be detected. The number and pattern of expression of chilling-responsive genes in the mutants were consistent with their final degree of chilling injury. The mRNA accumulation profiles for the chilling-lethal mutants chs1, chs2, and chs3 were highly similar and included extensive chilling-induced and mutant-specific alterations in gene expression. The expression pattern of the mutants upon chilling suggests that the normal function of the mutated loci prevents a damaging widespread effect of chilling on transcriptional regulation. In addition, we have identified 634 chilling-responsive genes with aberrant expression in all of the chilling-lethal mutants. This reference gene list, including genes related to lipid metabolism, chloroplast function, carbohydrate metabolism and free radical detoxification, represents a potential source for genes with a critical role in plant acclimation to suboptimal temperatures. The comparison of transcriptome profiles after transfer of Arabidopsis plants from 22 degrees C to 13 degrees C versus transfer to 4 degrees C suggests that quantitative and temporal differences exist between these molecular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Provart
- Torrey Mesa Research Institute, Syngenta Research and Technology, 3115 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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32
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Sung DY, Kaplan F, Lee KJ, Guy CL. Acquired tolerance to temperature extremes. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2003; 8:179-87. [PMID: 12711230 DOI: 10.1016/s1360-1385(03)00047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acquired tolerance to temperature stresses is a major protective mechanism. Recent advances have revealed key components of stress signal transduction pathways that trigger enhanced tolerance, and several determinants of acquired tolerance have been identified. Although high and low temperature stresses impose different metabolic and physical challenges, acquired tolerance appears to involve general as well as stress-specific components. Transcriptome studies and other genomic-scale approaches have accelerated the pace of gene discovery, and will be invaluable in efforts to integrate all the different protective and repair mechanisms that function in concert to confer acquired tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yul Sung
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0670, USA
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33
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Uemura M, Warren G, Steponkus PL. Freezing sensitivity in the sfr4 mutant of Arabidopsis is due to low sugar content and is manifested by loss of osmotic responsiveness. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 131:1800-7. [PMID: 12692339 PMCID: PMC166936 DOI: 10.1104/pp.102.013227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2002] [Revised: 09/07/2002] [Accepted: 12/31/2002] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Protoplasts were tested to determine whether the freezing sensitivity of the sfr4 (sensitive to freezing) mutant of Arabidopsis was due to the mutant's deficiency in soluble sugars after cold acclimation. When grown under nonacclimated conditions, sfr4 protoplasts possessed freezing tolerance similar to that of wild type, with the temperature at which 50% of protoplasts are injured (LT(50)) of -4.5 degrees C. In both wild-type and sfr4 protoplasts, expansion-induced lysis was the predominant lesion between -2 degrees C and -4 degrees C, but its incidence was low (approximately 10%); below -5 degrees C, loss of osmotic responsiveness (LOR) was the predominant lesion. After cold acclimation, the LT(50) was decreased to only -5.6 degrees C for sfr4 protoplasts, compared with -9.1 degrees C for wild-type protoplasts. Although expansion-induced lysis was precluded in both types of protoplasts, the sfr4 protoplasts remained susceptible to LOR. After incubation of seedlings in Suc solution in the dark at 2 degrees C, freezing tolerance and the incidence of freeze-induced lesions in sfr4 protoplasts were examined. The freezing tolerance of isolated protoplasts (LT(50) of -9 degrees C) and the incidence of LOR were now similar for wild type and sfr4. These results indicate that the freezing sensitivity of cold-acclimated sfr4 is due to its continued susceptibility to LOR (associated with lyotropic formation of the hexagonal II phase) and associated with the low sugar content of its cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsuo Uemura
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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Abstract
Studying salt stress is an important means to the understanding of plant ion homeostasis and osmo-balance. Salt stress research also benefits agriculture because soil salinity significantly limits plant productivity on agricultural lands. Decades of physiological and molecular studies have generated a large body of literature regarding potential salt tolerance determinants. Recent advances in applying molecular genetic analysis and genomics tools in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana are shading light on the molecular nature of salt tolerance effectors and regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Xiong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, Tel. (520) 626-2229, Fax (520) 621-7186,
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, Tel. (520) 626-2229, Fax (520) 621-7186,
- Corresponding author
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35
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Abstract
Plants are able to survive prolonged exposure to sub-zero temperatures; this ability is enhanced by pre-exposure to low, but above-zero temperatures. This process, known as cold acclimation, is briefly reviewed from the perception of cold, through transduction of the low-temperature signal to functional analysis of cold-induced gene products. The stresses that freezing of apoplastic water imposes on plant cells is considered and what is understood about the mechanisms that plants use to combat those stresses discussed, with particular emphasis on the role of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Smallwood
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, PO Box 373, University of York, York YO1 5YW, UK.
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36
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Viswanathan C, Zhu JK. Molecular genetic analysis of cold-regulated gene transcription. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2002; 357:877-86. [PMID: 12171651 PMCID: PMC1693007 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2002.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chilling and freezing temperatures adversely affect the productivity and quality of crops. Hence improving the cold hardiness of crop plants is an important goal in agriculture, which demands a clear understanding of cold stress signal perception and transduction. Pharmacological and biochemical evidence shows that membrane rigidification followed by cytoskeleton rearrangement, Ca(2+) influx and Ca(2+)-dependent phosphorylation are involved in cold stress signal transduction. Cold-responsive genes are regulated through C-repeat/dehydration-responsive elements (CRT/DRE) and abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element cis elements by transacting factors C-repeat binding factors/dehydration-responsive element binding proteins (CBFs/DREBs) and basic leucine zippers (bZIPs) (SGBF1), respectively. We have carried out a forward genetic analysis using chemically mutagenized Arabidopsis plants expressing cold-responsive RD29A promoter-driven luciferase to dissect cold signal transduction. We have isolated the fiery1 (fry1) mutant and cloned the FRY1 gene, which encodes an inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase. The fry1 plants showed enhanced induction of stress genes in response to cold, ABA, salt and dehydration due to higher accumulation of the second messenger, inositol (1,4,5)- triphosphate (IP(3)). Thus our study provides genetic evidence suggesting that cold signal is transduced through changes in IP(3) levels. We have also identified the hos1 mutation, which showed super induction of cold-responsive genes and their transcriptional activators. Molecular cloning and characterization revealed that HOS1 encodes a ring finger protein, which has been implicated as an E3 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme. HOS1 is present in the cytoplasm at normal growth temperatures but accumulates in the nucleus upon cold stress. HOS1 appears to regulate temperature sensing by the cell as cold-responsive gene expression occurs in the hos1 mutant at relatively warm temperatures. Thus HOS1 is a negative regulator, which may be functionally linked to cellular thermosensors to modulate cold-responsive gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Viswanathan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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37
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Kim TE, Kim SK, Han TJ, Lee JS, Chang SC. ABA and polyamines act independently in primary leaves of cold-stressed tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2002; 115:370-376. [PMID: 12081529 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1150306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ABA and putrescine, a polyamine, on cold-induced membrane leakage were investigated using primary leaves of wild-type and an ABA-deficient mutant, flacca, of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The amount of chilling-induced electrolyte leakage from flacca leaves was much higher than that from the wild-type leaves. When applied exogenously ABA reduced cold-induced electrolyte leakage from leaves of both wild-type and the flacca mutant. However, the cold-induced electrolyte leakage from flacca leaves was not as pronounced as in the wild-type indicating that ABA is an important mediator in response to cold stress in the leaves. Putrescine reduced cold-induced electrolyte leakage from both wild-type and flacca leaves. Synthesis of putrescine in the leaves was increased by cold treatment. DFMO, a biosynthetic inhibitor of the polyamine, increased electrolyte leakage from cold-treated leaves, and exogenously applied putrescine decreased the enhanced leakage to the control level. Therefore, this polyamine is thought also to be involved in the response to cold stress of tomato leaves. Both ABA and putrescine were protective against cold stress, but exogenously applied ABA decreased the endogenous level of putrescine in the leaves. Furthermore, the DMFO-increased electrolyte leakage in cold-stressed leaves was completely abolished by the application of ABA. These results suggest that ABA is a major regulator in the response to cold stress in tomato leaves and that it does not exert its role via putrescine in the response to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Eun Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea Division of Biology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, South Korea Centre for Cell Signalling Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
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38
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Grene R. Oxidative stress and acclimation mechanisms in plants. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2002; 1:e0036. [PMID: 22303206 PMCID: PMC3243402 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0036.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Grene
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, 435 Old Glade Road, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0330;
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39
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Liu J, Gilmour SJ, Thomashow MF, Van Nocker S. Cold signalling associated with vernalization in Arabidopsis thaliana does not involve CBF1 or abscisic acid. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2002; 114:125-134. [PMID: 11982943 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1140117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In genotypes of Arabidopsis that exhibit a winter-annual flowering habit, floral induction in response to extended cold exposure (vernalization) is mediated by repression of the flowering-inhibitor gene FLC. We are interested in identifying components of the cold signal transduction pathway leading to FLC repression. We examined the potential involvement of two factors that are known to play roles in plant cold responses: (1) CBF1, a cold-responsive transcription factor that is involved in activating the cold acclimation response, and (2) the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which has traditionally been associated with plant cold responses. We introduced a transgene driving constitutive expression of CBF1 into a winter-annual genotype of Arabidopsis. In transgenic lines expressing CBF1 mRNA to high levels, FLC mRNA expression was not repressed, and flowering was not accelerated relative to control plants. We also introduced mutations that compromise ABA biosynthesis or sensitivity into a winter-annual genotype and found that the vernalization response was not affected. Finally, we found that presumed increases in ABA levels, as a result of direct application of the hormone or severe water stress, were insufficient to substitute for cold to induce flowering. Taken together, these findings indicate that vernalization involves a pathway that is distinct from cold-response mechanisms involving CBF1, cold-regulated genes under CBF1 control, and ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayou Liu
- Department of Horticulture and Department of Crop and Soil Science, Michigan State University, Plant and Soil Science Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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40
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Abstract
Forward genetics and biochemical approaches to studying plant responses to salt, water and cold stresses began to bear fruit recently. Analysis of salt overly sensitive (sos) Arabidopsis mutants revealed a novel calcium-regulated protein kinase pathway for response to the ionic aspect of salt stress. In-gel kinase assays identified several SOS-independent protein kinases that are either activated specifically by osmotic stress or by multiple abiotic and biotic stresses. Molecular analysis revealed a transcriptional cascade in cold-regulated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Zhu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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41
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Knight H, Knight MR. Abiotic stress signalling pathways: specificity and cross-talk. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2001; 6:262-7. [PMID: 11378468 DOI: 10.1016/s1360-1385(01)01946-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants exhibit a variety of responses to abiotic stresses that enable them to tolerate and survive adverse conditions. As we learn more about the signalling pathways leading to these responses, it is becoming clear that they constitute a network that is interconnected at many levels. In this article, we discuss the 'cross-talk' between different signalling pathways and question whether there are any truly specific abiotic stress signalling responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Knight
- Dept Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB., Oxford, UK.
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42
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Abstract
The fundamental question in cold acclimation is how do plants perceive the low but nonfreezing temperatures that activate cold acclimation responses. New findings in the past year suggest that changes in membrane fluidity, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and calcium influxes are among the earliest events taking place in plants upon exposure to low nonfreezing temperatures. In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803, temperature change is detected by at least two separate sensors. One of these measures membrane fluidity using a classical two-component system involving histidine kinases and a response regulator in a His-to-Asp phosphorelay. Although these Synechocystis results may not be directly relevant to cold acclimation, they can guide our thinking as we search for biological thermometers in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Browse
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, USA.
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43
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Lee H, Xiong L, Gong Z, Ishitani M, Stevenson B, Zhu JK. The Arabidopsis HOS1 gene negatively regulates cold signal transduction and encodes a RING finger protein that displays cold-regulated nucleo--cytoplasmic partitioning. Genes Dev 2001; 15:912-24. [PMID: 11297514 PMCID: PMC312662 DOI: 10.1101/gad.866801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Low temperature is one of the most important environmental stimuli that control gene transcription programs and development in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the HOS1 locus is a key negative regulator of low temperature-responsive gene transcription. The recessive hos1 mutation causes enhanced induction of the CBF transcription factors by low temperature as well as of their downstream cold-responsive genes. The hos1 mutant plants flower early, and this correlates with a low level of Flowering Locus C gene expression. The HOS1 gene was isolated through positional cloning. HOS1 encodes a novel protein with a RING finger motif near the amino terminus. HOS1 is ubiquitously expressed in all plant tissues. HOS1--GFP translational fusion studies reveal that HOS1 protein resides in the cytoplasm at normal growth temperatures. However, in response to low temperature treatments, HOS1 accumulates in the nucleus. Ectopic expression of HOS1 in wild-type plants causes cosuppression of HOS1 expression and mimics the hos1 mutant phenotypes.
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MESH Headings
- Acclimatization/genetics
- Acclimatization/physiology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/physiology
- Arabidopsis Proteins
- Base Sequence
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/physiology
- Cell Compartmentation
- Cell Nucleus/chemistry
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cold Temperature
- Crosses, Genetic
- Cytoplasm/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/physiology
- Genes, Plant
- Genes, Synthetic
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- MADS Domain Proteins
- Mammals/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins
- Open Reading Frames
- Phenotype
- Plant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/physiology
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Trans-Activators/biosynthesis
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/physiology
- Zinc Fingers/genetics
- Zinc Fingers/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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44
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Thomashow MF. So what's new in the field of plant cold acclimation? Lots! PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 125:89-93. [PMID: 11154304 PMCID: PMC1539333 DOI: 10.1104/pp.125.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M F Thomashow
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1325, USA.
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45
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Hagenbeek D, Quatrano RS, Rock CD. Trivalent ions activate abscisic acid-inducible promoters through an ABI1-dependent pathway in rice protoplasts. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 123:1553-60. [PMID: 10938371 PMCID: PMC59112 DOI: 10.1104/pp.123.4.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/1999] [Accepted: 04/25/2000] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) mediates many vital processes in plant growth and development, including seed dormancy, cell division, water use efficiency, and adaptation to drought, salinity, chilling, pathogen attack, and UV light. Our understanding of ABA signal transduction is fragmentary and would benefit from specific and facile probes of the process. Protoplasts from rice (Oryza sativa L. cv IR54) embryonic suspension cultures cotransformed with effector plasmids encoding the maize (Zea mays) VIVIPAROUS1 cDNA and/or the Arabidopsis dominant negative mutant (abi1-1) ABA-insensitive cDNA demonstrated genetic interactions of VIVIPAROUS1 and abi1-1 in transactivation of the ABA-inducible HVA1 promoter from barley (Hordeum vulgare), suggesting the mechanisms of these effectors are conserved among monocots and dicots. Trivalent ions have been shown to act as an effector of gene expression in plants and animals, although the mechanism of action is unknown. We show in two complementary transient ABA-inducible gene expression assays (beta-glucuronidase and luciferase enzymatic activities and quantitative flow cytometry of green fluorescent protein) that trivalent ions specifically interact with an ABI1-dependent ABA-signaling pathway leading to gene expression. Trivalent ions mimic ABA effects on gene expression and may be a useful tool to study ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hagenbeek
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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46
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Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Molecular responses to dehydration and low temperature: differences and cross-talk between two stress signaling pathways. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2000; 3:217-223. [PMID: 10837265 DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5266(00)80068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a major transcription system that controls abscisic-acid-independent gene expression in response to dehydration and low temperature has been identified. The system includes the DRE/CRT (dehydration-responsive element/C-repeat) cis-acting element and its DNA-binding protein, DREB/CBF (DRE-binding protein/C-repeat binding factor), which has an AP2 domain. DREB/CBF contains two subclasses, DREB1/CBF and DREB2, which are induced by cold and dehydration, respectively, and control the expression of various genes involved in stress tolerance. Recent studies are providing evidence of differences between dehydration-signaling and cold-stress-signaling cascades, and of cross-talk between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Tsukuba Life Science Center, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Tsukuba, 305-0074, Japan.
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Desikan R, Hagenbeek D, Neill SJ, Rock CD. Flow cytometry and surface plasmon resonance analyses demonstrate that the monoclonal antibody JIM19 interacts with a rice cell surface component involved in abscisic acid signalling in protoplasts. FEBS Lett 1999; 456:257-62. [PMID: 10456320 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone involved in many developmental and physiological processes, but as yet, no ABA receptor has been identified. Flow cytometry of rice protoplasts and immunoblotting of purified plasma membranes (PMs) have been used to demonstrate that the monoclonal antibody JIM19 recognizes carbohydrate epitopes of cell surface glycoproteins. Using surface plasmon resonance technology specific binding of PMs to JIM19 was observed. Such interaction was antagonized significantly by ABA, but not by the biologically inactive ABA catabolite phaseic acid. These in vitro interactions were correlated with the biological activities of JIM19, ABA and phaseic acid on activation of the ABA-inducible Em promoter using two different transient reporter gene assays, beta-glucuronidase/luciferase and quantitative flow cytometry of Aequoria green fluorescent protein. Pre-treatment with JIM19 resulted in significant inhibition of ABA-inducible gene expression. Taken together, these data suggest that JIM19 interacts with a functional PM complex involved in ABA signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Desikan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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