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Pugel AD, Schoenfeld AM, Alsaifi SZ, Holmes JR, Morrison BE. The Role of NAD + and NAD +-Boosting Therapies in Inflammatory Response by IL-13. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:226. [PMID: 38399441 PMCID: PMC10893221 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The essential role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+) in redox reactions during oxidative respiration is well known, yet the coenzyme and regulator functions of NAD+ in diverse and important processes are still being discovered. Maintaining NAD+ levels through diet is essential for health. In fact, the United States requires supplementation of the NAD+ precursor niacin into the food chain for these reasons. A large body of research also indicates that elevating NAD+ levels is beneficial for numerous conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular health, inflammatory response, and longevity. Consequently, strategies have been created to elevate NAD+ levels through dietary supplementation with NAD+ precursor compounds. This paper explores current research regarding these therapeutic compounds. It then focuses on the NAD+ regulation of IL-13 signaling, which is a research area garnering little attention. IL-13 is a critical regulator of allergic response and is associated with Parkinson's disease and cancer. Evidence supporting the notion that increasing NAD+ levels might reduce IL-13 signal-induced inflammatory response is presented. The assessment is concluded with an examination of reports involving popular precursor compounds that boost NAD+ and their associations with IL-13 signaling in the context of offering a means for safely and effectively reducing inflammatory response by IL-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton D. Pugel
- Biomolecular Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.M.S.); (S.Z.A.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Alyssa M. Schoenfeld
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.M.S.); (S.Z.A.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Sara Z. Alsaifi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.M.S.); (S.Z.A.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Jocelyn R. Holmes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.M.S.); (S.Z.A.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Brad E. Morrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.M.S.); (S.Z.A.); (J.R.H.)
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2
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Ali ES, Chakrabarty B, Ramproshad S, Mondal B, Kundu N, Sarkar C, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Cho WC. TRPM2-mediated Ca 2+ signaling as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment: an updated review of its role in survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:145. [PMID: 37337283 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily member 2 (TRPM2), a thermo and reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive Ca2+-permeable cation channel has a vital role in surviving the cell as well as defending the adaptability of various cell groups during and after oxidative stress. It shows higher expression in several cancers involving breast, pancreatic, prostate, melanoma, leukemia, and neuroblastoma, indicating it raises the survivability of cancerous cells. In various cancers including gastric cancers, and neuroblastoma, TRPM2 is known to conserve viability, and several underlying mechanisms of action have been proposed. Transcription factors are thought to activate TRPM2 channels, which is essential for cell proliferation and survival. In normal physiological conditions with an optimal expression of TRPM2, mitochondrial ROS is produced in optimal amounts while regulation of antioxidant expression is carried on. Depletion of TRPM2 overexpression or activity has been shown to improve ischemia-reperfusion injury in organ levels, reduce tumor growth and/or viability of various malignant cancers like breast, gastric, pancreatic, prostate, head and neck cancers, melanoma, neuroblastoma, T-cell and acute myelogenous leukemia. This updated and comprehensive review also analyzes the mechanisms by which TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ signaling can regulate the growth and survival of different types of cancer cells. Based on the discussion of the available data, it can be concluded that TRPM2 may be a unique therapeutic target in the treatment of several types of cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunus S Ali
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Australia
- Gaco Pharmaceuticals, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Present Address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | - Sarker Ramproshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj, 1400, Bangladesh
| | - Banani Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj, 1400, Bangladesh
| | - Neloy Kundu
- Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Golia MT, Gabrielli M, Verderio C. P2X 7 Receptor and Extracellular Vesicle Release. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9805. [PMID: 37372953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence indicates that the activation of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), an ATP-gated ion channel highly expressed in immune and brain cells, is strictly associated with the release of extracellular vesicles. Through this process, P2X7R-expressing cells regulate non-classical protein secretion and transfer bioactive components to other cells, including misfolded proteins, participating in inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize and discuss the studies addressing the impact of P2X7R activation on extracellular vesicle release and their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Golia
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Neuroscience, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Martina Gabrielli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Neuroscience, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Claudia Verderio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Neuroscience, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy
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4
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IFNγ Regulates NAD+ Metabolism to Promote the Respiratory Burst in Human Monocytes. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3821-3834. [PMID: 35500221 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IFNγ is an essential and pleiotropic activator of human monocytes, but little is known about the changes in cellular metabolism required for IFNγ-induced activation. We sought to elucidate the mechanisms by which IFNγ reprograms monocyte metabolism to support its immunologic activities. We found that IFNγ increased oxygen consumption rates (OCR) in monocytes, indicative of reactive oxygen species generation by both mitochondria and NADPH oxidase. Transcriptional profiling revealed that this oxidative phenotype was driven by IFNγ-induced reprogramming of NAD+ metabolism, which is dependent on nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)-mediated NAD+ salvage to generate NADH and NADPH for oxidation by mitochondrial complex I and NADPH oxidase, respectively. Consistent with this pathway, monocytes from patients with gain-of-function mutations in STAT1 demonstrated higher than normal OCR. Whereas chemical or genetic disruption of mitochondrial complex I (rotenone treatment or Leigh Syndrome patient monocytes) or NADPH oxidase (DPI treatment or chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patient monocytes) reduced OCR. Interestingly, inhibition of NAMPT in healthy monocytes completely abrogated the IFNγ-induced oxygen consumption, comparable to levels observed in CGD monocytes. These data identify an IFNγ-induced, NAMPT-dependent, NAD+ salvage pathway that is critical for IFNγ activation of human monocytes.
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5
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Ben Baruch B, Blacher E, Mantsur E, Schwartz H, Vaknine H, Erez N, Stein R. Stromal CD38 regulates outgrowth of primary melanoma and generation of spontaneous metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31797-31811. [PMID: 30159123 PMCID: PMC6112753 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The outgrowth of primary melanoma, the deadliest skin cancer, and generation of metastasis is supported by the tumor microenvironment (TME) which includes non-cancerous cells. Since the TME plays an important role in melanoma pathogenesis, its targeting is a promising therapeutic approach. Thus, it is important to identify proteins in the melanoma TME that may serve as therapeutic targets. Here we show that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase CD38 is a suitable target for this purpose. Loss of CD38 in the TME as well as inhibition of its enzymatic activity restrained outgrowth of primary melanoma generated by two transplantable models of melanoma, B16F10 and Ret-mCherry-sorted (RMS) melanoma cells. Pathological analysis indicated that loss of CD38 increased cell death and reduced the amount of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and blood vessels. Importantly, in addition to inhibiting outgrowth of primary melanoma tumors, loss of CD38 also inhibited spontaneous occurrence of RMS pulmonary and brain metastasis. The underlying mechanism may involve, at least in the brain, inhibition of metastasis expansion, since loss of CD38 inhibited the outgrowth of B16F10 and RMS brain tumors that were generated by direct intracranial implantation. Collectively, our results suggest that targeting CD38 in the melanoma TME provides a new therapeutic approach for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bar Ben Baruch
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Blacher
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Einav Mantsur
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hila Schwartz
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hananya Vaknine
- Department of Pathology, Wolfson Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel
| | - Neta Erez
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Reuven Stein
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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6
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Kubysheva N, Postnikova L, Soodaeva S, Novikov V, Eliseeva T, Batyrshin I, Li T, Klimanov I, Chuchalin A. Relationship of the Content of Systemic and Endobronchial Soluble Molecules of CD25, CD38, CD8, and HLA-I-CD8 and Lung Function Parameters in COPD Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:8216723. [PMID: 28848245 PMCID: PMC5564111 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8216723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The definition of new markers of local and systemic inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the priority directions in the study of pathogenesis and diagnostic methods improvement for this disease. We investigated 91 patients with COPD and 21 healthy nonsmokers. The levels of soluble CD25, CD38, CD8, and HLA-I-CD8 molecules in the blood serum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in moderate-to-severe COPD patients during exacerbation and stable phase were studied. An unidirectional change in the content of sCD25, sCD38, and sCD8 molecules with increasing severity of COPD was detected. The correlations between the parameters of lung function and sCD8, sCD25, and sHLA-I-CD8 levels in the blood serum and EBC were discovered in patients with severe COPD. The findings suggest a pathogenetic role of the investigated soluble molecules of the COPD development and allow considering the content of sCD8, sCD25, and sHLA-I-CD8 molecules as additional novel systemic and endobronchial markers of the progression of chronic inflammation of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailya Kubysheva
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St, 18, Kazan 420000, Russia
| | - Larisa Postnikova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Svetlana Soodaeva
- Pulmonology Research Institute, 11-Parkovaya 32, Moscow 105077, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya, 8- 2, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viкtor Novikov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Tatyana Eliseeva
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Ildar Batyrshin
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIC-IPN), Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz, Esq. Miguel Othón de Mendizábal S/N, Gustavo A. Madero, 07738 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Timur Li
- Central Clinical Hospital of RAS, Litovskiy Blvd. 1A, Moscow 117593, Russia
| | - Igor Klimanov
- Pulmonology Research Institute, 11-Parkovaya 32, Moscow 105077, Russia
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7
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Costa F, Toscani D, Chillemi A, Quarona V, Bolzoni M, Marchica V, Vescovini R, Mancini C, Martella E, Campanini N, Schifano C, Bonomini S, Accardi F, Horenstein AL, Aversa F, Malavasi F, Giuliani N. Expression of CD38 in myeloma bone niche: A rational basis for the use of anti-CD38 immunotherapy to inhibit osteoclast formation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56598-56611. [PMID: 28915615 PMCID: PMC5593586 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that multiple myeloma (MM) cells express CD38 and that a recently developed human anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody Daratumumab mediates myeloma killing. However, the expression of CD38 and other functionally related ectoenzymes within the MM bone niche and the potential effects of Daratumumab on bone cells are still unknown. This study firstly defines by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry the expression of CD38 by bone marrow cells in a cohort of patients with MM and indolent monoclonal gammopathies. Results indicate that only plasma cells expressed CD38 at high level within the bone niche. In addition, the flow cytometry analysis shows that CD38 was also expressed by monocytes and early osteoclast progenitors but not by osteoblasts and mature osteoclasts. Indeed, CD38 was lost during in vitro osteoclastogenesis. Consistently, we found that Daratumumab reacted with CD38 expressed on monocytes and its binding inhibited in vitro osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption activity from bone marrow total mononuclear cells of MM patients, targeting early osteoclast progenitors. The inhibitory effect was not observed from purified CD14+ cells, suggesting an indirect inhibitory effect of Daratumumab. Interestingly, all-trans retinoic acid treatment increased the inhibitory effect of Daratumumab on osteoclast formation. These observations provide a rationale for the use of an anti-CD38 antibody-based approach as treatment for multiple myeloma-induced osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Costa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonella Chillemi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences and CeRMS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Quarona
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences and CeRMS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marina Bolzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Marchica
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,CoreLab, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Vescovini
- Clinical Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Mancini
- Pathology, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Eugenia Martella
- Pathology, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Schifano
- Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bonomini
- Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Accardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto L Horenstein
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences and CeRMS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Franco Aversa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences and CeRMS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy.,CoreLab, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
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8
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Hasan MA, Sultan MT, Ahn WG, Kim YJ, Jang JH, Hong CW, Song DK. Scant Extracellular NAD Cleaving Activity of Human Neutrophils is Down-Regulated by fMLP via FPRL1. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:497-502. [PMID: 25598664 PMCID: PMC4296039 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.6.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) cleaving activity of a particular cell type determines the rate of the degradation of extracellular NAD with formation of metabolites in the vicinity of the plasma membrane, which has important physiological consequences. It is yet to be elucidated whether intact human neutrophils have any extracellular NAD cleaving activity. In this study, with a simple fluorometric assay utilizing 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide (etheno-NAD) as the substrate, we have shown that intact peripheral human neutrophils have scant extracellular etheno-NAD cleaving activity, which is much less than that of mouse bone marrow neutrophils, mouse peripheral neutrophils, human monocytes and lymphocytes. With high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we have identified that ADP-ribose (ADPR) is the major extracellular metabolite of NAD degradation by intact human neutrophils. The scant extracellular etheno-NAD cleaving activity is decreased further by N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP), a chemoattractant for neutrophils. The fMLP-mediated decrease in the extracellular etheno-NAD cleaving activity is reversed by WRW4, a potent FPRL1 antagonist. These findings show that a much less extracellular etheno-NAD cleaving activity of intact human neutrophils compared to other immune cell types is down-regulated by fMLP via a low affinity fMLP receptor FPRL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashraful Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Md Tipu Sultan
- Department of Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Won-Gyun Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ja Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
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9
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Alefishat E, Alexander SPH, Ralevic V. Effects of NAD at purine receptors in isolated blood vessels. Purinergic Signal 2014; 11:47-57. [PMID: 25315718 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-014-9428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) belongs to the family of naturally occurring adenine dinucleotides, best known for their various intracellular roles. However, there is evidence that they can also be released from cells to act as novel extracellular signalling molecules. Relatively little is known about the extracellular actions of NAD, especially in the cardiovascular system. The present study investigated the actions of NAD in the rat thoracic aorta, porcine coronary artery and porcine mesenteric arteries, mounted in organ baths for isometric tension recording. In the rat thoracic aorta and porcine coronary artery, NAD caused endothelium-independent concentration-dependent vasorelaxations which were unaffected by palmitoylCoA, a P2Y1 receptor antagonist, but which were blocked by CGS15943, a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist. In the porcine coronary artery, NAD-evoked relaxations were abolished by SCH58261, a selective A2A receptor antagonist. In the rat thoracic aorta, NAD-evoked relaxations were attenuated by A2A receptor antagonism with SCH58261 but were unaffected by an A2B receptor antagonist, MRS1754. In contrast, in the porcine mesenteric artery, NAD-evoked endothelium-independent contractions, which were unaffected by a P2 receptor antagonist, suramin, or by NF449, a P2X1 receptor antagonist, but were attenuated following P2X receptor desensitisation with αβ-meATP. In conclusion, the present results show that NAD can alter vascular tone through actions at purine receptors in three different arteries from two species; its molecular targets differ according to the type of blood vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alefishat
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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10
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Domingues PH, Teodósio C, Ortiz J, Sousa P, Otero A, Maillo A, Bárcena P, García-Macias MC, Lopes MC, de Oliveira C, Orfao A, Tabernero MD. Immunophenotypic identification and characterization of tumor cells and infiltrating cell populations in meningiomas. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:1749-61. [PMID: 22982440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are primary tumors of the central nervous system composed of both neoplastic and other infiltrating cells. We determined the cellular composition of 51 meningioma samples by multiparameter flow cytometric (MFC) immunophenotyping and investigated the potential relationship between mRNA and protein expression levels of neoplastic cells. For immunophenotypic, morphologic, and cytogenetic characterization of individual cell populations, a large panel of markers was used together with phagocytic/endocytic functional assays and MFC sorting. Overall, our results revealed coexistence of CD45(-) neoplastic cells and CD45(+) immune infiltrating cells in all meningiomas. Infiltrating cells included tissue macrophages, with an HLA-DR(+)CD14(+)CD45(+)CD68(+)CD16(-/+)CD33(-/+) phenotype and high phagocytic/endocytic activity, and a small proportion of cytotoxic lymphocytes (mostly T CD8(+) and natural killer cells). Tumor cells expressed multiple cell adhesion proteins, tetraspanins, HLA-I/HLA-DR molecules, complement regulatory proteins, cell surface ectoenzymes, and growth factor receptors. Noteworthy, the relationship between mRNA and protein levels was variable, depending on the proteins evaluated and the level of infiltration by immune cells. In summary, our results indicate that MFC immunophenotyping provides a reliable tool for the characterization of the patterns of protein expression of different cell populations coexisting in meningioma samples, with a more accurate measure of gene expression profiles of tumor cells at the functional/protein level than conventional mRNA microarray, independently of the degree of infiltration of the tumor by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia H Domingues
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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11
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Grahnert A, Grahnert A, Klein C, Schilling E, Wehrhahn J, Hauschildt S. Review: NAD +: a modulator of immune functions. Innate Immun 2010; 17:212-33. [PMID: 20388721 DOI: 10.1177/1753425910361989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Latterly, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has emerged as a molecule with versatile functions and of enormous impact on the maintenance of cell integrity. Besides playing key roles in almost all major aspects of energy metabolism, there is mounting evidence that NAD+ and its degradation products affect various biological activities including calcium homeostasis, gene transcription, DNA repair, and intercellular communication. This review is aimed at giving a brief insight into the life cycle of NAD+ in the cell, referring to synthesis, action and degradation aspects. With respect to their immunological relevance, the importance and function of the major NAD+ metabolizing enzymes, namely CD38/CD157, ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), poly-ADP-ribose-polymerases (PARPs), and sirtuins are summarized and roles of NAD+ and its main degradation product adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (ADPR) in cell signaling are discussed. In addition, an outline of the variety of immunological processes depending on the activity of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), the key enzyme of the salvage pathway of NAD+ synthesis, is presented. Taken together, an efficient supply of NAD+ seems to be a crucial need for a multitude of cell functions, underlining the yet only partly revealed potency of this small molecule to influence cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Grahnert
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Extracellular NAD(+) induces a rise in [Ca(2+)](i) in activated human monocytes via engagement of P2Y(1) and P2Y(11) receptors. Cell Calcium 2009; 46:263-72. [PMID: 19748117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is known to increase the intracellular calcium concentration [Ca(2+)](i) in different cell types and by various mechanisms. Here we show that NAD(+) triggers a transient rise in [Ca(2+)](i) in human monocytes activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is caused by a release of Ca(2+) from IP(3)-responsive intracellular stores and an influx of extracellular Ca(2+). By the use of P2 receptor-selective agonists and antagonists we demonstrate that P2 receptors play a role in the NAD(+)-induced calcium response in activated monocytes. Of the two subclasses of P2 receptors (P2X and P2Y) the P2Y receptors were considered the most likely candidates, since they share calcium signaling properties with NAD(+). The identification of P2Y(1) and P2Y(11) as receptor subtypes responsible for the NAD(+)-triggered increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was supported by several lines of evidence. First, specific P2Y(1) and P2Y(11) receptor antagonists inhibited the NAD(+)-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i). Second, NAD(+) was shown to potently induce calcium signals in cells transfected with either subtype, whereas untransfected cells were unresponsive. Third, NAD(+) caused an increase in [cAMP](i), prevented by the P2Y(11) receptor-specific antagonist NF157.
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Decreased ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from diabetic patients with nephropathy. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2009; 2008:897508. [PMID: 19300526 PMCID: PMC2656910 DOI: 10.1155/2008/897508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims/hypothesis. ADP-ribosyl-cyclase activity (ADPRCA) of CD38 and other ectoenzymes mainly generate cyclic adenosine 5’diphosphate-(ADP-) ribose (cADPR) as a second messenger in various mammalian cells, including pancreatic beta cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Since PBMCs contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, ADPRCA of PBMCs could serve as a clinical prognostic marker for diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to investigate the connection between ADPRCA in PBMCs and diabetic complications.
Methods. PBMCs from 60 diabetic patients (10 for type 1 and 50 for type 2) and 15 nondiabetic controls were fluorometrically measured for ADPRCA based on the conversion of nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide (NGD+) into cyclic GDP-ribose.
Results. ADPRCA negatively correlated with the level of HbA1c (P = .040, R2 = .073), although ADPRCA showed no significant correlation with gender, age, BMI, blood pressure, level of fasting plasma glucose and lipid levels, as well as type, duration, or medication of diabetes. Interestingly, patients with nephropathy, but not other complications, presented significantly lower ADPRCA than those without nephropathy
(P = .0198) and diabetes (P = .0332). ANCOVA analysis adjusted for HbA1c showed no significant correlation between ADPRCA and nephropathy. However, logistic regression analyses revealed that determinants for nephropathy were systolic blood pressure and ADPRCA, not HbA1c.
Conclusion/interpretation. Decreased ADPRCA significantly correlated with diabetic nephropathy. ADPRCA in PBMCs would be an important marker associated with diabetic nephropathy.
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Grahnert A, Klein C, Hauschildt S. Involvement of P2X receptors in the NAD(+)-induced rise in [Ca (2+)] (i) in human monocytes. Purinergic Signal 2009; 5:309-19. [PMID: 19221895 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-009-9144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we show that the extracellular addition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) induces a transient rise in [Ca(2+)](i) in human monocytes caused by an influx of extracellular calcium. The NAD(+)-induced Ca(2+) response was prevented by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), suggesting the involvement of ATP receptors. Of the two subtypes of ATP receptors (P2X and P2Y), the P2X receptors were considered the most likely candidates. By the use of subtype preferential agonists and antagonists, we identified P2X(1), P2X(4), and P2X(7) receptors being engaged in the NAD(+)-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](i). Among the P2X receptor subtypes, the P2X(7) receptor is unique in facilitating the induction of nonselective pores that allow entry of ethidium upon stimulation with ATP. In monocytes, opening of P2X(7) receptor-dependent pores strongly depends on specific ionic conditions. Measuring pore formation in response to NAD(+), we found that NAD(+) unlike ATP lacks the ability to induce this pore-forming response. Whereas as little as 100 muM ATP was sufficient to activate the nonselective pore, NAD(+) at concentrations up to 2 mM had no effect. Taken together, these data indicate that despite similarities in the action of extracellular NAD(+) and ATP there are nucleotide-specific variations. So far, common and distinct features of the two nucleotides are only beginning to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Grahnert
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology II, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Mayo L, Jacob-Hirsch J, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, Moutin MJ, Lund FE, Stein R. Dual role of CD38 in microglial activation and activation-induced cell death. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:92-103. [PMID: 18566373 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, are normally quiescent but become activated after infection or injury. Their properties then change, and they promote both repair and damage processes. The extent of microglial activation is regulated, in part, by activation-induced cell death (AICD). Although many apoptotic aspects of the microglial AICD mechanism have been elucidated, little is known about the connection between the activation step and the death process. Using mouse primary microglial cultures, we show that the ectoenzyme CD38, via its calcium-mobilizing metabolite cyclic-ADP-ribose (cADPR), helps promote microglial activation and AICD induced by LPS plus IFN-gamma (LPS/IFN-gamma), suggesting that CD38 links the two processes. Accordingly, CD38 expression and activity, as well as the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the primary microglia were increased by LPS/IFN-gamma treatment. Moreover, CD38 deficiency or treatment with cADPR antagonists conferred partial resistance to LPS/IFN-gamma-induced AICD and also reduced [Ca2+]i. Microglial activation, indicated by induced expression of NO synthase-2 mRNA and production of NO, secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and IL-12 p40, and expression of IL-6 mRNA, was attenuated by CD38 deficiency or cADPR-antagonist treatment. The observed effects of CD38 on microglial activation are probably mediated via a cADPR-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i and the effect on AICD by regulation of NO production. Our results thus suggest that CD38 significantly affects regulation of the amount and function of activated microglia, with important consequences for injury and repair processes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Mayo
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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16
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Extracellular NAD is a regulator for FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis in murine macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 367:156-61. [PMID: 18166151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.12.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
NAD is available in the extracellular environment and elicits immune modulation such as T cell apoptosis by being used as the substrate of cell surface ADP-ribosyl transferase. However, it is unclear whether extracellular NAD affects function of macrophages expressing cell surface ADP-ribosyl transferase. Here we show that extracellular NAD enhances Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR)-mediated phagocytosis in J774A.1 macrophages via the conversion into cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a potent calcium mobilizer, by CD38, an ADP-ribosyl cyclase. Extracellular NAD increased the phagocytosis of IgG-coated sheep red blood cells (IgG-SRBC) in J774A.1 macrophages, which was completely abolished by pretreatment of 8-bromo-cADPR, an antagonist of cADPR, or CD38 knockdown. Extracellular NAD increased basal intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, which also was abolished by pretreatment of 8-bromo-cADPR or CD38 knockdown. Moreover, the chelation of intracellular calcium abolished NAD-induced enhancement of phagocytosis of IgG-SRBC. Our results suggest that extracellular NAD act as a regulator for FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis in macrophages.
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17
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Abstract
TRPM2 is a cation channel enabling influx of Na+ and Ca2+, leading to depolarization and increases in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). It is widely expressed, e.g. in many neurons, blood cells and the endocrine pancreas. Channel gating is induced by ADP-ribose (ADPR) that binds to a Nudix box motif in the cytosolic C-terminus of the channel. Endogenous ADPR concentrations in leucocytes are sufficiently high to activate TRPM2 in the presence of an increased [Ca2+]i but probably not at resting [Ca2+]i. Another channel activator is oxidative stress, especially hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that may act through ADPR after ADPR polymers have been formed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and hydolysed by glycohydrolases. H2O2-stimulated TRPM2 channels essentially contribute to insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells and alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. Inhibition of TRPM2 channels may be achieved by channel blockers such as flufenamic acid or the anti-fungal agents clotrimazole or econazole. Selective blockers of TRPM2 are not yet available; those would be valuable for a characterization of biological roles of TRPM2 in various tissues and as potential drugs directed against oxidative cell damage, reperfusion injury or leucocyte activation. Activation of TRPM2 may be prevented by anti-oxidants, PARP inhibitors and glycohydrolase inhibitors. In future, binding of ADPR to the Nudix box may be targeted. In light of the wide-spread expression and growing list of cellular functions of TRPM2, useful therapeutic applications are expected for future drugs that block TRPM2 channels or inhibit their activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eisfeld
- Institut für Physiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52057 Aachen, Germany
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18
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Gerlach G, Reidl J. NAD+ utilization in Pasteurellaceae: simplification of a complex pathway. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:6719-27. [PMID: 16980474 PMCID: PMC1595515 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00432-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Gerlach
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, E1, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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19
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Friedrich M, Grahnert A, Klein C, Tschöp K, Engeland K, Hauschildt S. Genomic organization and expression of the human mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase ART3 gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 1759:270-80. [PMID: 16934346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/29/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe an RT-PCR analysis of mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase 3 (ART3) mRNA expression in macrophages, testis, semen, tonsil, heart and skeletal muscle and the complete gene structure as obtained by sequence alignment of PCR products with a human genomic clone (GenBank accession no. AC112719). Twelve exons (ex1-12) were found to make up the coding region of the gene (one more than previously published). Two prominent classes of ART3 splice variants could be distinguished by the presence or absence of ex2 which encodes most of ART3 protein. Among the ex2-containing mRNA species, the most frequently amplified variant did not include exons 9 to 11, except in skeletal muscle, in which the major splice variant lacked ex10 only. Two different, previously not reported 5' non-translated regions (5' UTRs) were identified, demonstrating the presence of two alternative promoters that we termed palpha and pbeta. Whereas the 5'UTR originating from palpha, was split up into three exons, a single exon represented the 5' UTR of pbeta transcripts. Strikingly, in heart, skeletal muscle and tonsils the upstream promoter palpha was totally inactive and ART3 transcription appears to be driven solely by pbeta. In all other cell types tested, transcription started mainly (if not exclusively) at palpha. Thus, ART3 expression in human cells appears to be governed by a combination of differential splicing and tissue-preferential use of two alternative promoters. This specific use is evolutionary conserved as shown by analysis of the 5' UTR of the mouse ART3 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Friedrich
- Institute of Biology II/Department of Immunobiology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Young GS, Choleris E, Lund FE, Kirkland JB. Decreased cADPR and increased NAD+ in the Cd38-/- mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 346:188-92. [PMID: 16750163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
CD38 is a type II glycoprotein that catalyzes the formation of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), an intracellular calcium signalling molecule, from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)). Using a modified version of the fluorimetric cycling assay for cADPR which reduces between-subject variability, we report significant decreases in brain and lung cADPR, which although similar to previously published values, showed much less individual variation. The reduced variation within each group suggests that the range of cADPR is narrower than previously thought, and that the regulatory mechanisms controlling these levels are more finely tuned. We also report significant increases in brain, lung, and kidney NAD(+) in the Cd38(-/-) mouse, and provide the first experimental demonstration of the proximate relationship between CD38 and NAD(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve S Young
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 3W1.
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21
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Fujita T, Kantarci A, Warbington ML, Zawawi KH, Hasturk H, Kurihara H, Van Dyke TE. CD38 expression in neutrophils from patients with localized aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 2006; 76:1960-5. [PMID: 16274316 PMCID: PMC1351027 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.11.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) is associated with neutrophil dysfunction including decreased chemotaxis and reduced calcium entry. It has been suggested that CD38 is involved in chemotaxis. Little is known, however, about the relationship of CD38 and LAgP patients. In this study, we focused on the level of CD38 expression between LAgP and normal subjects and examined the involvement of CD38 in abnormal neutrophil chemotaxis of LAgP patients. METHODS Neutrophils from 12 normal subjects and 12 LAgP patients were isolated from peripheral venous blood. Membrane associated proteins were extracted from cells with or without N-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) stimulation. CD38 expression was measured using Western blotting. Band density was measured using an imaging densitometer. RESULTS There was no statistical difference between normal subjects and LAgP patients in resting CD38 expression (basal level). However, the fMLP-stimulated neutrophils exhibited a significant decrease of CD38 expression in LAgP subjects compared to normal subjects. The decrease of CD38 was positively correlated with the defect in chemotactic migration to fMLP. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the lower expression of CD38 in neutrophils may be related to altered neutrophil function in LAgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Martha L. Warbington
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Khalid H. Zawawi
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Correspondence: Dr. Thomas Van Dyke, Goldman School of Graduate Dentistry, Boston University, 100 E. Newton St., G-217, Boston, MA 02118. Fax: 617/638-4799; e-mail:
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22
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Fujita T, Zawawi KH, Kurihara H, Van Dyke TE. CD38 cleavage in fMLP- and IL-8-induced chemotaxis is dependent on p38 MAP kinase but independent of p44/42 MAP kinase. Cell Signal 2005; 17:167-75. [PMID: 15494208 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Revised: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 06/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the mechanism by which CD38 cleavage is regulated through the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases after stimulation by fMLP and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in neutrophils. Both fMLP and IL-8 increased chemotaxis and decreased CD38 protein in neutrophils, but did not change CD38 mRNA levels. Both fMLP and IL-8 increased CD38 in supernatants, which was inhibitable with PMSF. fMLP stimulation resulted in phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase and p42/44 MAP kinase (ERK). SB20358, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, down-regulated neutrophil chemotaxis. Conversely, PD98059, an ERK inhibitor, did not influence chemotaxis to either agonist. The addition of SB20358 blocked the decrease of CD38 on neutrophils and the increase in supernatants induced by fMLP or IL-8, whereas PD98059 did not. These findings suggest that CD38-mediated chemotaxis to fMLP or IL-8 is characterized by proteolytic cleavage of CD38 and signaling through p38 MAP kinase. Activation of the protease for cleavage appears to be a postreceptor event that is dependent on p38 MAP kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, 100 East Newton Street, G-107, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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23
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Gerth A, Nieber K, Oppenheimer N, Hauschildt S. Extracellular NAD+ regulates intracellular free calcium concentration in human monocytes. Biochem J 2005; 382:849-56. [PMID: 15233622 PMCID: PMC1133960 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2004] [Revised: 06/30/2004] [Accepted: 07/02/2004] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) ions play a critical role in the biochemical cascade of signal transduction pathways, leading to the activation of immune cells. In the present study, we show that the exposure of freshly isolated human monocytes to NAD(+) results in a rapid concentration-dependent elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) (intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration) caused by the influx of extracellular Ca(2+). NAD(+) derivatives containing a modified adenine or nicotinamide ring failed to trigger a Ca(2+) increase. Treating monocytes with ADPR (ADP-ribose), a major degradation product of NAD(+), also resulted in a rise in [Ca(2+)](i). Selective inhibition of CD38, an NAD-glycohydrolase that generates free ADPR from NAD(+), does not abolish the effect of NAD(+), excluding the possibility that NAD(+) might act via ADPR. The NAD(+)-induced Ca(2+) response was prevented by the prior addition of ADPR and vice versa, indicating that both compounds share some mechanisms mediating the rise in [Ca(2+)](i). NAD(+), as well as ADPR, were ineffective when applied following ATP, suggesting that ATP controls events that intersect with NAD(+) and ADPR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Gerth
- *Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karen Nieber
- †Department of Pharmacology for Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norman J. Oppenheimer
- ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry S-926, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0446, U.S.A
| | - Sunna Hauschildt
- *Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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24
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Partida-Sánchez S, Iribarren P, Moreno-García ME, Gao JL, Murphy PM, Oppenheimer N, Wang JM, Lund FE. Chemotaxis and calcium responses of phagocytes to formyl peptide receptor ligands is differentially regulated by cyclic ADP ribose. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:1896-906. [PMID: 14734775 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.3.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR) is a calcium-mobilizing metabolite that regulates intracellular calcium release and extracellular calcium influx. Although the role of cADPR in modulating calcium mobilization has been extensively examined, its potential role in regulating immunologic responses is less well understood. We previously reported that cADPR, produced by the ADP-ribosyl cyclase, CD38, controls calcium influx and chemotaxis of murine neutrophils responding to fMLF, a peptide agonist for two chemoattractant receptor subtypes, formyl peptide receptor and formyl peptide receptor-like 1. In this study, we examine whether cADPR is required for chemotaxis of human monocytes and neutrophils to a diverse array of chemoattractants. We found that a cADPR antagonist and a CD38 substrate analogue inhibited the chemotaxis of human phagocytic cells to a number of formyl peptide receptor-like 1-specific ligands but had no effect on the chemotactic response of these cells to ligands selective for formyl peptide receptor. In addition, we show that the cADPR antagonist blocks the chemotaxis of human monocytes to CXCR4, CCR1, and CCR5 ligands. In all cases, we found that cADPR modulates intracellular free calcium levels in cells activated by chemokines that induce extracellular calcium influx in the apparent absence of significant intracellular calcium release. Thus, cADPR regulates calcium signaling of a discrete subset of chemoattractant receptors expressed by human leukocytes. Since many of the chemoattractant receptors regulated by cADPR bind to ligands that are associated with clinical pathology, cADPR and CD38 represent novel drug targets with potential application in chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase/biosynthesis
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase/physiology
- Animals
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Cell Line
- Cell Migration Inhibition
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/physiology
- Cyclic ADP-Ribose/analogs & derivatives
- Cyclic ADP-Ribose/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclic ADP-Ribose/pharmacology
- Cyclic ADP-Ribose/physiology
- Humans
- Ligands
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NAD/analogs & derivatives
- NAD/pharmacology
- Neutrophil Activation/drug effects
- Neutrophil Activation/physiology
- Neutrophils/enzymology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Neutrophils/physiology
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/agonists
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/deficiency
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/physiology
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25
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Fedele G, Frasca L, Palazzo R, Ferrero E, Malavasi F, Ausiello CM. CD38 is expressed on human mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells and is functionally involved in CD83 expression and IL-12 induction. Eur J Immunol 2004; 34:1342-50. [PMID: 15114667 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200324728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) maturation is characterized by the gain or loss of immunological functions and by expression of distinctive surface receptors. CD38 is an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic ADP ribose (a potent second messenger for Ca(2+) release), as well as a receptor that initiates transmembrane signaling upon engagement with its counter-receptor CD31 or with agonistic monoclonal antibodies. Since CD38 is expressed by resting monocytes, we aimed to monitor CD38 expression during the differentiation of human monocyte-derived DC (MDDC) and to investigate the possibility that CD38 plays a functional role during DC maturation. CD38 is down-modulated during differentiation into immature MDDC and expressed again upon maturation. The extent of CD38 expression is dependent on the stimulus adopted (LPS > IFN-gamma > CD40 cross-linking). Although weak, IFN-gamma consistently induces DC maturation. De novo-synthesized CD38 is enzymatically active, and its expression in mature (m) MDDC is dependent on NF-kappa B activity. However, CD38 is not merely a maturation marker but also mediates signaling in mMDDC, where it maintains its functions as a receptor. Activation via agonistic anti-CD38 mAb induces up-regulation of CD83 expression and IL-12 secretion, whereas disruption of CD38/CD31 interaction inhibits CD83 expression, IL-12 secretion and MDDC-induced allogeneic T cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Fedele
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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26
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McCarthy TV, Datar S, Mackrill JJ. Activation of ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channels downregulates CD38 in the Namalwa B lymphoma. FEBS Lett 2003; 554:133-7. [PMID: 14596927 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CD38 is a multifunctional ectoenzyme that catalyses formation of cyclic ADP ribose (cADPr), a second messenger that opens ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ channels. Despite its importance in signal transduction processes, little is known about the mechanisms regulating CD38 expression levels. In the current study, ryanodine stimulation of Ca2+ release in Namalwa cells decreased both CD38 protein abundance and cyclase activity. Reductions in cyclase activity were prevented by RyR antagonists, by lysosomal blockers, though not by calpain or proteasomal inhibitors. These findings indicate a novel negative feedback mechanism between RyR channel activity and CD38 abundance acts in cADPr signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommie V McCarthy
- Department of Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, National University of Ireland, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
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27
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Lande R, Urbani F, Di Carlo B, Sconocchia G, Deaglio S, Funaro A, Malavasi F, Ausiello CM. CD38 ligation plays a direct role in the induction of IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 secretion in resting human monocytes. Cell Immunol 2002; 220:30-8. [PMID: 12718937 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-8749(03)00025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
CD38 signaling, either induced by ligation with specific agonistic monoclonal antibody (mAb) or after interaction with CD31, its cognate counter-receptor, is involved in release of IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokines in resting human monocytes. CD38 ligation by the F(ab')(2) IB4 mAb did not induce signals relevant for cytokine secretion and the block of the Fcgamma receptor I (FcgammaRI) by anti-CD64 or FcgammaRII by anti-CD32 mAb did not inhibit CD38-mediated IL-1beta release. Dimerization or multimerization of the CD38 molecule by: (i) cross-linking of the receptor ligated by F(ab')(2) or by (ii) increasing CD38 expression by treating monocytes with IFNgamma were able to restore the truncated CD38-mediated signals involved in cytokine secretion. These data indicate that CD38 receptor-mediated signals operate directly suggesting a Fcgamma receptorial surface molecule independent activation pathway. The key element for the receptor mediated signaling is represented by surface density of CD38 on resting monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lande
- Department of Bacteriology and Medical Mycology, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Grahnert A, Friedrich M, Pfister M, Haag F, Koch-Nolte F, Hauschildt S. Mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases in human monocytes: regulation by lipopolysaccharide. Biochem J 2002; 362:717-23. [PMID: 11879200 PMCID: PMC1222437 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3620717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferase activity was shown to be present on the surface of human monocytes. Incubating the cells in the presence of BSA leads to an increase in enzyme activity. The acceptor amino acid mainly responsible for the ADP-ribose bond was identified as a cysteine residue. An increase in ADP-ribosyltransferase activity was observed when cells were treated for 16 h with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Possible candidates for catalysing the reaction are mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs). When measuring expression of the mRNA of ART1, 3, 4 and 5, only ART3 mRNA was detected in unstimulated monocytes. Upon stimulation for 16 h with LPS, lipoteichoic acid or peptidoglycan, ART4 mRNA was found to be expressed. No ART4 signal appeared after a 4 h exposure of the cells to LPS. Cell-surface proteins were labelled when incubating monocytes with [(32)P]NAD(+). Their molecular masses were 29, 33, 43, 45, 60 and 82 kDa. In response to LPS an additional protein of 31 kDa was found to be labelled. The bound label was resistant to treatment with NH(2)OH but sensitive to HgCl(2), characteristic of a cysteine-linked ADP-ribosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Grahnert
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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