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Yan S, Wang H, Schachter H, Jin C, Wilson IBH, Paschinger K. Ablation of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases in Caenorhabditis induces expression of unusual intersected and bisected N-glycans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2191-2203. [PMID: 29981898 PMCID: PMC6173287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The modification in the Golgi of N-glycans by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GlcNAc-TI, MGAT1) can be considered to be a hallmark of multicellular eukaryotes as it is found in all metazoans and plants, but rarely in unicellular organisms. The enzyme is key for the normal processing of N-glycans to either complex or paucimannosidic forms, both of which are found in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Unusually, this organism has three different GlcNAc-TI genes (gly-12, gly-13 and gly-14); therefore, a complete abolition of GlcNAc-TI activity required the generation of a triple knock-out strain. Previously, the compositions of N-glycans from this mutant were described, but no detailed structures. Using an off-line HPLC-MALDI-TOF-MS approach combined with exoglycosidase digestions and MS/MS, we reveal that the multiple hexose residues of the N-glycans of the gly-12;gly-13;gly-14 triple mutant are not just mannose, but include galactoses in three different positions (β-intersecting, β-bisecting and α-terminal) on isomeric forms of Hex4-8HexNAc2 structures; some of these structures are fucosylated and/or methylated. Thus, the N-glycomic repertoire of Caenorhabditis is even wider than expected and exhibits a large degree of plasticity even in the absence of key glycan processing enzymes from the Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yan
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, 1190 Wien, Austria,Institut für Parasitologie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, 1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Huijie Wang
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Harry Schachter
- Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- Institutionen för Biomedicin, Göteborgs universitet, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Iain B. H. Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, 1190 Wien, Austria,To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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2
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Matsunaga E, Higuchi Y, Mori K, Yairo N, Toyota S, Oka T, Tashiro K, Takegawa K. Characterization of a PA14 domain-containing galactofuranose-specific β-d-galactofuranosidase from Streptomyces sp. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1314-1319. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1300518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As a constituent of polysaccharides and glycoconjugates, β-d-galactofuranose (Galf) exists in several pathogenic microorganisms. Although we recently identified a β-d-galactofuranosidase (Galf-ase) gene, ORF1110, in the Streptomyces strain JHA19, very little is known about the Galf-ase gene. Here, we characterized a strain, named JHA26, in the culture supernatant of which exhibited Galf-ase activity for 4-nitrophenyl β-d-galactofuranoside (pNP-β-d-Galf) as a substrate. Draft genome sequencing of the JHA26 strain revealed a putative gene, termed ORF0643, that encodes Galf-ase containing a PA14 domain, which is thought to function in substrate recognition. The recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli showed the Galf-specific Galf-ase activity and also released galactose residue of the polysaccharide galactomannan prepared from Aspergillus fumigatus, suggesting that this enzyme is an exo-type Galf-ase. BLAST searches using the amino acid sequences of ORF0643 and ORF1110 Galf-ases revealed two types of Galf-ases in Actinobacteria, suggesting that Galf-specific Galf-ases may exhibit discrete substrate specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Matsunaga
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mori
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nao Yairo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saki Toyota
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuji Oka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Department of Applied Microbial Technology, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tashiro
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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3
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Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces sp. JHA26, a Strain That Harbors a PA14 Domain Containing β-d-Galactofuranosidase. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/15/e00190-17. [PMID: 28408688 PMCID: PMC5391426 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00190-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. strain JHA26, the culture supernatant of which exhibited β-d-galactofuranosidase (Galf-ase) activity, was analyzed to search for a Galf-ase-encoding gene. We report here the results of whole-genome shotgun sequencing and reveal the identity of a new Galf-ase gene.
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4
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Yamada O, Machida M, Hosoyama A, Goto M, Takahashi T, Futagami T, Yamagata Y, Takeuchi M, Kobayashi T, Koike H, Abe K, Asai K, Arita M, Fujita N, Fukuda K, Higa KI, Horikawa H, Ishikawa T, Jinno K, Kato Y, Kirimura K, Mizutani O, Nakasone K, Sano M, Shiraishi Y, Tsukahara M, Gomi K. Genome sequence of Aspergillus luchuensis NBRC 4314. DNA Res 2016; 23:507-515. [PMID: 27651094 PMCID: PMC5144674 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsw032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Awamori is a traditional distilled beverage made from steamed Thai-Indica rice in Okinawa, Japan. For brewing the liquor, two microbes, local kuro (black) koji mold Aspergillus luchuensis and awamori yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are involved. In contrast, that yeasts are used for ethanol fermentation throughout the world, a characteristic of Japanese fermentation industries is the use of Aspergillus molds as a source of enzymes for the maceration and saccharification of raw materials. Here we report the draft genome of a kuro (black) koji mold, A. luchuensis NBRC 4314 (RIB 2604). The total length of nonredundant sequences was nearly 34.7 Mb, comprising approximately 2,300 contigs with 16 telomere-like sequences. In total, 11,691 genes were predicted to encode proteins. Most of the housekeeping genes, such as transcription factors and N-and O-glycosylation system, were conserved with respect to Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae An alternative oxidase and acid-stable α-amylase regarding citric acid production and fermentation at a low pH as well as a unique glutamic peptidase were also found in the genome. Furthermore, key biosynthetic gene clusters of ochratoxin A and fumonisin B were absent when compared with A. niger genome, showing the safety of A. luchuensis for food and beverage production. This genome information will facilitate not only comparative genomics with industrial kuro-koji molds, but also molecular breeding of the molds in improvements of awamori fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yamada
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Masayuki Machida
- Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Akira Hosoyama
- National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Goto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Taiki Futagami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Youhei Yamagata
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
| | - Michio Takeuchi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
| | | | - Hideaki Koike
- Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Keietsu Abe
- Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Asai
- Computational Biology Research Center, AIST, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Masanori Arita
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujita
- National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan
| | - Kazuro Fukuda
- Asahi Breweries, LTD, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8602, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Higa
- Industrial Technology Center, Okinawa Prefectural Government, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2234, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Horikawa
- National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan
| | | | - Koji Jinno
- National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kato
- National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0066, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Kirimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Mizutani
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nakasone
- Kinki University Faculty of Engineering, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Shiraishi
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | | | - Katsuya Gomi
- Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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5
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Oka T, Goto M. Biosynthesis of Galactofuranose-containing Glycans in Filamentous Fungi. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2016. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1428.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Oka
- Department of Applied Microbial Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo, University
| | - Masatoshi Goto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
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6
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Oka T, Goto M. Biosynthesis of Galactofuranose-containing Glycans in Filamentous Fungi. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2016. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1428.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Oka
- Department of Applied Microbial Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo, University
| | - Masatoshi Goto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
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Hykollari A, Eckmair B, Voglmeir J, Jin C, Yan S, Vanbeselaere J, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Wilson IBH, Paschinger K. More Than Just Oligomannose: An N-glycomic Comparison of Penicillium Species. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:73-92. [PMID: 26515459 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.055061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is an essential set of post-translational modifications of proteins; in the case of filamentous fungi, N-glycans are present on a range of secreted and cell wall proteins. In this study, we have compared the glycans released by peptide/N-glycosidase F from proteolysed cell pellets of three Penicillium species (P. dierckxii, P. nordicum and P. verrucosum that all belong to the Eurotiomycetes). Although the major structures are all within the range Hex(5-11)HexNAc(2) as shown by mass spectrometry, variations in reversed-phase chromatograms and MS/MS fragmentation patterns are indicative of differences in the actual structure. Hydrofluoric acid and mannosidase treatments revealed that the oligomannosidic glycans were not only in part modified with phosphoethanolamine residues and outer chain och1-dependent mannosylation, but that bisecting galactofuranose was present in a species-dependent manner. These data are the first to specifically show the modification of N-glycans in fungi with zwitterionic moieties. Furthermore, our results indicate that mere mass spectrometric screening is insufficient to reveal the subtly complex nature of N-glycosylation even within a single fungal genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Hykollari
- From the ‡Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Barbara Eckmair
- From the ‡Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- From the ‡Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- §Institutionen för Biomedicin, Göteborgs universitet, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Shi Yan
- From the ‡Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Jorick Vanbeselaere
- From the ‡Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | | | - Iain B H Wilson
- From the ‡Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Katharina Paschinger
- From the ‡Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria;
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8
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Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces sp. JHA19, a Strain That Possesses β-d-Galactofuranosidase Activity. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/5/e01171-15. [PMID: 26450739 PMCID: PMC4599098 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01171-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
By screening for microbes that exhibit β-d-galactofuranosidase (Galf-ase) activity, a Streptomyces sp. strain, named JHA19, was isolated from a soil sample from Kagawa University, Japan, in 2010. Here, we report the results of whole-genome shotgun sequencing and found that the strain has four predicted Galf-ase genes.
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9
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Dotsenko AS, Gusakov AV, Volkov PV, Rozhkova AM, Sinitsyn AP. N-linked glycosylation of recombinant cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) fromPenicillium verruculosumand its effect on the enzyme activity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:283-91. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Dotsenko
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Vorobyovy Gory 1/11 Moscow 119899 Russia
| | - Alexander V. Gusakov
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Vorobyovy Gory 1/11 Moscow 119899 Russia
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Pr. 33 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Pavel V. Volkov
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Pr. 33 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Aleksandra M. Rozhkova
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Vorobyovy Gory 1/11 Moscow 119899 Russia
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Pr. 33 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Arkady P. Sinitsyn
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Vorobyovy Gory 1/11 Moscow 119899 Russia
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Pr. 33 Moscow 119991 Russia
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10
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Identification and Characterization of a Novel Galactofuranose-Specific β-D-Galactofuranosidase from Streptomyces Species. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137230. [PMID: 26340350 PMCID: PMC4560423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
β-D-galactofuranose (Galf) is a component of polysaccharides and glycoconjugates and its transferase has been well analyzed. However, no β-D-galactofuranosidase (Galf-ase) gene has been identified in any organism. To search for a Galf-ase gene we screened soil samples and discovered a strain, identified as a Streptomyces species by the 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis, that exhibits Galf-ase activity for 4-nitrophenyl β-D-galactofuranoside (pNP-β-D-Galf) in culture supernatants. By draft genome sequencing of the strain, named JHA19, we found four candidate genes encoding Galf-ases. Using recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli, we found that three out of four candidates displayed the activity of not only Galf-ase but also α-L-arabinofuranosidase (Araf-ase), whereas the other one showed only the Galf-ase activity. This novel Galf-specific hydrolase is encoded by ORF1110 and has an optimum pH of 5.5 and a Km of 4.4 mM for the substrate pNP-β-D-Galf. In addition, this enzyme was able to release galactose residue from galactomannan prepared from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, suggesting that natural polysaccharides could be also substrates. By the BLAST search using the amino acid sequence of ORF1110 Galf-ase, we found that there are homolog genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, indicating that Galf-specific Galf-ases widely exist in microorganisms.
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Qu Y, Feng J, Deng S, Cao L, Zhang Q, Zhao R, Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Zink EM, Baker SE, Lipton MS, Paša-Tolić L, Hu JZ, Wu S. Structural analysis of N- and O-glycans using ZIC-HILIC/dialysis coupled to NMR detection. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 72:207-215. [PMID: 25117693 PMCID: PMC5175459 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation, an important and complex post-translational modification (PTM), is involved in various biological processes, including the receptor-ligand and cell-cell interaction, and plays a crucial role in many biological functions. However, little is known about the glycan structures of important biological complex samples, and the conventional glycan enrichment strategy (i.e., size-exclusion column [SEC] separation) prior to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection is time-consuming and tedious. In this study, we developed a glycan enrichment strategy that couples Zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (ZIC-HILIC) with dialysis to enrich the glycans from the pronase E digests of RNase B, followed by NMR analysis of the glycoconjugate. Our results suggest that the ZIC-HILIC enrichment coupled with dialysis is a simple, fast, and efficient sample preparation approach. The approach was thus applied to analysis of a biological complex sample, the pronase E digest of the secreted proteins from the fungus Aspergillus niger. The NMR spectra revealed that the secreted proteins from A. niger contain both N-linked glycans with a high-mannose core similar to the structure of the glycan from RNase B, and O-linked glycans bearing mannose and glucose with 1→3 and 1→6 linkages. In all, our study provides compelling evidence that ZIC-HILIC separation coupled with dialysis is very effective and accessible in preparing glycans for the downstream NMR analysis, which could greatly facilitate the future NMR-based glycoproteomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qu
- Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Ju Feng
- Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Shuang Deng
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Li Cao
- Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Zhaorui Zhang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Yuxuan Jiang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Erika M Zink
- Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Scott E Baker
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Mary S Lipton
- Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Ljiljana Paša-Tolić
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Jian Zhi Hu
- Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Si Wu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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12
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Yoneda A, Kuo HWD, Ishihara M, Azadi P, Yu SM, Ho THD. Glycosylation variants of a β-glucosidase secreted by a Taiwanese fungus, Chaetomella raphigera, exhibit variant-specific catalytic and biochemical properties. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106306. [PMID: 25180973 PMCID: PMC4152272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulosic biomass is an abundant and promising energy source. To make cellulosic biofuels competitive against conventional fuels, conversion of rigid plant materials into sugars must become efficient and cost-effective. During cellulose degradation, cellulolytic enzymes generate cellobiose (β-(1→4)-glucose dimer) molecules, which in turn inhibit such enzymes by negative feedback. β-Glucosidases (BGLs) cleave cellobiose into glucose monomers, assisting overall cellulolytic activities. Therefore, BGLs are essential for efficient conversion of cellulosic biomass into biofuels, and it is important to characterize newly isolated BGLs for useful traits. Here, we report our discovery that the indigenous Taiwanese fungus Chaetomella raphigera strain D2 produces two molecular weight variants of a single BGL, D2-BGL (shortened to “D2”), which differ in O-glycosylation. The more extensively O-glycosylated form of native D2 (nD2L) has increased activity toward the natural substrate, cellobiose, compared to the less O-glycosylated form (nD2S). nD2L is more stable at 60°C, in acidic pH, and in the presence of the ionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate than nD2S. Furthermore, unlike nD2S, nD2L does not display substrate inhibition by an artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside (pNPG), and the glucose feedback inhibition kinetics of nD2L is competitive (while it is non-competitive for nD2S), suggesting that these two glycovariants of D2 bind substrates differently. Interestingly, D2 produced in a heterologous system, Pichia pastoris, closely mimics properties of nD2S. Our studies suggest that O-glycosylation of D2 is important in determining its catalytic and biochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Yoneda
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Hsion-Wen David Kuo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mayumi Ishihara
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Su-May Yu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tuan-hua David Ho
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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High-Yield Production of Alpha-Galactosidase Excreted fromPenicillium ChrysogenumandAspergillus Niger. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/v10133-010-0015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Komachi Y, Hatakeyama S, Motomatsu H, Futagami T, Kizjakina K, Sobrado P, Ekino K, Takegawa K, Goto M, Nomura Y, Oka T. GfsA encodes a novel galactofuranosyltransferase involved in biosynthesis of galactofuranose antigen of O-glycan in Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Mol Microbiol 2013; 90:1054-1073. [PMID: 24118544 PMCID: PMC3907285 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cells walls of filamentous fungi in the genus Aspergillus have galactofuranose (Galf)-containing polysaccharides and glycoconjugates, including O-glycans, N-glycans, fungal-type galactomannan and glycosylinositolphosphoceramide, which are important for cell wall integrity. Here, we attempted to identify galactofuranosyltransferases that couple Galf monomers onto other wall components in Aspergillus nidulans. Using reverse-genetic and biochemical approaches, we identified that the AN8677 gene encoded a galactofuranosyltransferase, which we called GfsA, involved in Galf antigen biosynthesis. Disruption of gfsA reduced binding of β-Galf-specific antibody EB-A2 to O-glycosylated WscA protein and galactomannoproteins. The results of an in-vitro Galf antigen synthase assay revealed that GfsA has β1,5- or β1,6-galactofuranosyltransferase activity for O-glycans in glycoproteins, uses UDP-d-Galf as a sugar donor, and requires a divalent manganese cation for activity. GfsA was found to be localized at the Golgi apparatus based on cellular fractionation experiments. ΔgfsA cells exhibited an abnormal morphology characterized by poor hyphal extension, hyphal curvature and limited formation of conidia. Several gfsA orthologues were identified in members of the Pezizomycotina subphylum of Ascomycota, including the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of a fungal β-galactofuranosyltransferase, which was shown to be involved in Galf antigen biosynthesis of O-glycans in the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Komachi
- Department of Applied Microbial Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hatakeyama
- Department of Applied Microbial Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Haruka Motomatsu
- Department of Applied Microbial Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taiki Futagami
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Karina Kizjakina
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Pablo Sobrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Keisuke Ekino
- Department of Applied Microbial Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Goto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nomura
- Department of Applied Microbial Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takuji Oka
- Department of Applied Microbial Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Gusakov AV, Sinitsyna OA, Rozhkova AM, Sinitsyn AP. N-Glycosylation patterns in two α-l-arabinofuranosidases from Penicillium canescens belonging to the glycoside hydrolase families 51 and 54. Carbohydr Res 2013; 382:71-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Aguiar TQ, Maaheimo H, Heiskanen A, Wiebe MG, Penttilä M, Domingues L. Characterization of the Ashbya gossypii secreted N-glycome and genomic insights into its N-glycosylation pathway. Carbohydr Res 2013; 381:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Engel J, Schmalhorst PS, Routier FH. Biosynthesis of the fungal cell wall polysaccharide galactomannan requires intraluminal GDP-mannose. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:44418-24. [PMID: 23139423 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.398321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal cell walls frequently contain a polymer of mannose and galactose called galactomannan. In the pathogenic filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, this polysaccharide is made of a linear mannan backbone with side chains of galactofuran and is anchored to the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol or is covalently linked to the cell wall. To date, the biosynthesis and significance of this polysaccharide are unknown. The present data demonstrate that deletion of the Golgi UDP-galactofuranose transporter GlfB or the GDP-mannose transporter GmtA leads to the absence of galactofuran or galactomannan, respectively. This indicates that the biosynthesis of galactomannan probably occurs in the lumen of the Golgi apparatus and thus contrasts with the biosynthesis of other fungal cell wall polysaccharides studied to date that takes place at the plasma membrane. Transglycosylation of galactomannan from the membrane to the cell wall is hypothesized because both the cell wall-bound and membrane-bound polysaccharide forms are affected in the generated mutants. Considering the severe growth defect of the A. fumigatus GmtA-deficient mutant, proving this paradigm might provide new targets for antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Engel
- Department of Cellular Chemistry, OE 4330, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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18
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Andersen MR, Giese M, de Vries RP, Nielsen J. Mapping the polysaccharide degradation potential of Aspergillus niger. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:313. [PMID: 22799883 PMCID: PMC3542576 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The degradation of plant materials by enzymes is an industry of increasing importance. For sustainable production of second generation biofuels and other products of industrial biotechnology, efficient degradation of non-edible plant polysaccharides such as hemicellulose is required. For each type of hemicellulose, a complex mixture of enzymes is required for complete conversion to fermentable monosaccharides. In plant-biomass degrading fungi, these enzymes are regulated and released by complex regulatory structures. In this study, we present a methodology for evaluating the potential of a given fungus for polysaccharide degradation. Results Through the compilation of information from 203 articles, we have systematized knowledge on the structure and degradation of 16 major types of plant polysaccharides to form a graphical overview. As a case example, we have combined this with a list of 188 genes coding for carbohydrate-active enzymes from Aspergillus niger, thus forming an analysis framework, which can be queried. Combination of this information network with gene expression analysis on mono- and polysaccharide substrates has allowed elucidation of concerted gene expression from this organism. One such example is the identification of a full set of extracellular polysaccharide-acting genes for the degradation of oat spelt xylan. Conclusions The mapping of plant polysaccharide structures along with the corresponding enzymatic activities is a powerful framework for expression analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Applying this network-based approach, we provide the first genome-scale characterization of all genes coding for carbohydrate-active enzymes identified in A. niger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael R Andersen
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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19
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Cérutti M, Golay J. Lepidopteran cells, an alternative for the production of recombinant antibodies? MAbs 2012; 4:294-309. [PMID: 22531440 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.19942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are used with great success in many different therapeutic domains. In order to satisfy the growing demand and to lower the production cost of these molecules, many alternative systems have been explored. Among them, the baculovirus/insect cells system is a good candidate. This system is very safe, given that the baculoviruses have a highly restricted host range and they are not pathogenic to vertebrates or plants. But the major asset is the speed with which it is possible to obtain very stable recombinant viruses capable of producing fully active proteins whose glycosylation pattern can be modulated to make it similar to the human one. These features could ultimately make the difference by enabling the production of antibodies with very low costs. However, efforts are still needed, in particular to increase production rates and thus make this system commercially viable for the production of these therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Cérutti
- CNRS UPS3044 Baculovirus et Thérapie, CNRS GDR3260, ACCITH Anticorps et Ciblage Thérapeutique and LabEx MabImprove, Saint Christol Lèz Alès, France.
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Abstract
Glycosylation represents the most complex co- and post-translational modification of proteins. In addition to N- and O-glycans, almost all combinations, including the nature of the carbohydrate moiety and the amino-acid involved, but also the type of the chemical linkage, can be isolated from natural glycoconjugates. This diversity correlates with the importance and the variety of the biological processes (and consequently the diseases) glycosides are involved in. This review focuses on rare and unusual glycosylation of peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lafite
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique-ICOA, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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Putative stress sensors WscA and WscB are involved in hypo-osmotic and acidic pH stress tolerance in Aspergillus nidulans. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2011; 10:1504-15. [PMID: 21926329 DOI: 10.1128/ec.05080-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wsc proteins have been identified in fungi and are believed to be stress sensors in the cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway. In this study, we characterized the sensor orthologs WscA and WscB in Aspergillus nidulans. Using hemagglutinin-tagged WscA and WscB, we showed both Wsc proteins to be N- and O-glycosylated and localized in the cell wall and membrane, implying that they are potential cell surface sensors. The wscA disruptant (ΔwscA) strain was characterized by reduced colony and conidia formation and a high frequency of swollen hyphae under hypo-osmotic conditions. The deficient phenotype of the ΔwscA strain was facilitated by acidification, but not by alkalization or antifungal agents. In contrast, osmotic stabilization restored the normal phenotype in the ΔwscA strain. A similar inhibition was observed in the wscB disruptant strain, but to a lesser extent. In addition, a double wscA and wscB disruptant (ΔwscA ΔwscB) strain was viable, but its growth was inhibited to a greater degree, indicating that the functions of the products of these genes are redundant. Transcription of α-1,3-glucan synthase genes (agsA and agsB) was significantly altered in the wscA disruptant strain, resulting in an increase in the amount of alkali-soluble cell wall glucan compared to that in the wild-type (wt) strain. An increase in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MpkA) phosphorylation was observed as a result of wsc disruption. Moreover, the transient transcriptional upregulation of the agsB gene via MpkA signaling was observed in the ΔwscA ΔwscB strain to the same degree as in the wt strain. These results indicate that A. nidulans Wsc proteins have a different sensing spectrum and downstream signaling pathway than those in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and that they play an important role in CWI under hypo-osmotic and acidic pH conditions.
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Danalev D, Legentil L, Daniellou R, Nugier-Chauvin C, Ferrières V. Direct access to new β-d-galactofuranoconjugates: application to the synthesis of galactofuranosyl-l-cysteine and l-serine. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Kotz A, Wagener J, Engel J, Routier FH, Echtenacher B, Jacobsen I, Heesemann J, Ebel F. Approaching the secrets of N-glycosylation in Aspergillus fumigatus: characterization of the AfOch1 protein. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15729. [PMID: 21206755 PMCID: PMC3012087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mannosyltransferase Och1 is the key enzyme for synthesis of elaborated protein N-glycans in yeast. In filamentous fungi genes implicated in outer chain formation are present, but their function is unclear. In this study we have analyzed the Och1 protein of Aspergillus fumigatus. We provide first evidence that poly-mannosylated N-glycans exist in A. fumigatus and that their synthesis requires AfOch1 activity. This implies that AfOch1 plays a similar role as S. cerevisiae ScOch1 in the initiation of an N-glycan outer chain. A Δafoch1 mutant showed normal growth under standard and various stress conditions including elevated temperature, cell wall and oxidative stress. However, sporulation of this mutant was dramatically reduced in the presence of high calcium concentrations, suggesting that certain proteins engaged in sporulation require N-glycan outer chains to be fully functional. A characteristic feature of AfOch1 and Och1 homologues from other filamentous fungi is a signal peptide that clearly distinguishes them from their yeast counterparts. However, this difference does not appear to have consequences for its localization in the Golgi. Replacing the signal peptide of AfOch1 by a membrane anchor had no impact on its ability to complement the sporulation defect of the Δafoch1 strain. The mutant triggered a normal cytokine response in infected murine macrophages, arguing against a role of outer chains as relevant Aspergillus pathogen associated molecular patterns. Infection experiments provided no evidence for attenuation in virulence; in fact, according to our data the Δafoch1 mutant may even be slightly more virulent than the control strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kotz
- Max-von-Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Wagener
- Max-von-Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Engel
- Department of Cellular Chemistry, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Echtenacher
- Institute for Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ilse Jacobsen
- Department for Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Heesemann
- Max-von-Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Ebel
- Max-von-Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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24
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Gusakov AV, Semenova MV, Sinitsyn AP. Mass spectrometry in the study of extracellular enzymes produced by filamentous fungi. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934810140030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Ferreira V, da Silva R, Silva D, Gomes E. Production of Pectate Lyase by Penicillium viridicatum RFC3 in Solid-State and Submerged Fermentation. Int J Microbiol 2010; 2010:276590. [PMID: 20689719 PMCID: PMC2913117 DOI: 10.1155/2010/276590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectate lyase (PL) was produced by the filamentous fungus Penicillium viridicatum RFC3 in solid-state cultures of a mixture of orange bagasse and wheat bran (1 : 1 w/w), or orange bagasse, wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse (1 : 1 : 0.5 w/w), and in a submerged liquid culture with orange bagasse and wheat bran (3%) as the carbon source. PL production was highest (1,500 U mL(-1) or 300 Ug(-1) of substrate) in solid-state fermentation (SSF) on wheat bran and orange bagasse at 96 hours. PL production in submerged fermentation (SmF) was influenced by the initial pH of the medium. With the initial pH adjusted to 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5, the peak activity was observed after 72, 48, and 24 hours of fermentation, respectively, when the pH of the medium reached the value 5.0. PL from SSF and SmF were loaded on Sephadex-G75 columns and six activity peaks were obtained from crude enzyme from SSF and designated PL I, II, III, IV, V, and VI, while five peaks were obtained from crude enzyme from SmF and labeled PL I', II', III', IV', and VII'. Crude enzyme and fraction III from each fermentative process were tested further. The optimum pH for crude PL from either process was 5.5, while that for PL III was 8.0. The maximum activity of enzymes from SSF was observed at 35 degrees C, but crude enzyme was more thermotolerant than PL III, maintaining its maximum activity up to 45 degrees C. Crude enzyme from SmF and PL III' showed thermophilic profiles of activity, with maximum activity at 60 and 55 degrees C, respectively. In the absence of substrate, the crude enzyme from SSF was stable over the pH range 3.0-10.0 and PL III was most stable in the pH range 4.0-7.0. Crude enzyme from SmF retained 70%-80% of its maximum activity in the acid-neutral pH range (4.0-7.0), but PIII showed high stability at alkaline pH (7.5-9.5). PL from SSF was more thermolabile than that from SmF. The latter maintained 60% of its initial activity after 1 h at 55 degrees C. The differing behavior of the enzymes with respect to pH and temperature suggests that they are different isozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviani Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Ibilce, São Paulo State University-Unesp, Rua Cristovao Colombo, 2265, Jd. Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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26
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Buser R, Lazar Z, Käser S, Künzler M, Aebi M. Identification, characterization, and biosynthesis of a novel N-glycan modification in the fruiting body of the basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:10715-23. [PMID: 20061575 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.076075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coprinopsis cinerea is a model organism for fruiting body development in homobasidiomycetes. Here, we focused on N-linked oligosaccharides (NLO) of cell wall proteins in the hyphae of two developmental stages, vegetative mycelium and fruiting body. High mannose-type glycans were the most commonly found structures. In addition, we observed a novel glycan, predominantly present in fruiting body. This oligosaccharide structure was of the high mannose type with at least five mannoses and a bisecting alpha1-4 N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) at the beta-mannose of the N-glycan core. The transferase responsible for this modification, CcGnt1 (C. cinerea GlcNAc transferase 1), was identified and expressed in insect cells. In vitro activity of CcGnt1 was demonstrated. This novel glycosyltransferase belongs to the glycosyltransferase family 8 (GT8) and is predicted to be a type II membrane protein. Expression of the CcGnt1 locus was up-regulated in fruiting body, but down-regulation of expression by means of RNAi decreased the level of bisected NLO; however had no apparent effect on fruiting body formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Buser
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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27
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The use of mushroom-forming fungi for the production of N-glycosylated therapeutic proteins. Trends Microbiol 2009; 17:439-43. [PMID: 19758804 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The market for N-glycosylated therapeutic proteins represents multi-billion dollars in sales and is growing more than 10% each year. This requires cost-effective production platforms that display correct and homogeneous N-glycosylation. Based on recent results, we propose to use mushroom-forming basidiomycetes for the production of N-glycosylated therapeutic proteins.
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Chill L, Trinh L, Azadi P, Ishihara M, Sonon R, Karnaukhova E, Ophir Y, Golding B, Shiloach J. Production, purification, and characterization of human alpha1 proteinase inhibitor from Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:828-44. [PMID: 18828177 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human alpha one proteinase inhibitor (alpha1-PI) was cloned and expressed in Aspergillus niger, filamentious fungus that can grow in defined media and can perform glycosylation. Submerged culture conditions were established using starch as carbon source, 30% dissolved oxygen concentration, pH 7.0 and 28 degrees C. Eight milligrams per liter of active alpha1-PI were secreted to the growth media in about 40 h. Controlling the protein proteolysis was found to be an important factor in the production. The effects of various carbon sources, pH and temperature on the production and stability of the protein were tested and the product was purified and characterized. Two molecular weights variants of the recombinant alpha1-PI were produced by the fungus; the difference is attributed to the glycosylated part of the molecule. The two glycoproteins were treated with PNGAse F and the released glycans were analyzed by HPAEC, MALDI/TOF-MS, NSI-MS(n), and GC-MS. The MALDI and NSI- full MS spectra of permethylated N-glycans revealed that the N-glycans of both variants contain a series of high-mannose type glycans with 5-20 hexose units. Monosaccharide analysis showed that these were composed of N-acetylglucos-amine, mannose, and galactose. Linkage analysis revealed that the galactosyl component was in the furanoic conformation, which was attaching in a terminal non-reducing position. The Galactofuranose-containing high-mannnose type N-glycans are typical structures, which recently have been found as part of several glycoproteins produced by Aspergillus niger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Chill
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 14A Room 170, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Genomic and biochemical analysis of N glycosylation in the mushroom-forming basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:4648-52. [PMID: 19411416 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00352-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycans of Schizophyllum commune consist of Man(5-9)GlcNAc(2) structures. Lack of further glycan maturation is explained by the absence of genes encoding such functions in this and other homobasidiomycetes. N-linked glycans in vegetative mycelium and fruiting bodies of S. commune are mainly Man(7)GlcNAc(2) and Man(5)GlcNAc(2), respectively, suggesting more efficient mannose trimming in the mushroom.
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Contribution of galactofuranose to the virulence of the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2008; 7:1268-77. [PMID: 18552284 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00109-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is responsible for a lethal disease called invasive aspergillosis that affects immunocompromised patients. This disease, like other human fungal diseases, is generally treated by compounds targeting the primary fungal cell membrane sterol. Recently, glucan synthesis inhibitors were added to the limited antifungal arsenal and encouraged the search for novel targets in cell wall biosynthesis. Although galactomannan is a major component of the A. fumigatus cell wall and extracellular matrix, the biosynthesis and role of galactomannan are currently unknown. By a targeted gene deletion approach, we demonstrate that UDP-galactopyranose mutase, a key enzyme of galactofuranose metabolism, controls the biosynthesis of galactomannan and galactofuranose containing glycoconjugates. The glfA deletion mutant generated in this study is devoid of galactofuranose and displays attenuated virulence in a low-dose mouse model of invasive aspergillosis that likely reflects the impaired growth of the mutant at mammalian body temperature. Furthermore, the absence of galactofuranose results in a thinner cell wall that correlates with an increased susceptibility to several antifungal agents. The UDP-galactopyranose mutase thus appears to be an appealing adjunct therapeutic target in combination with other drugs against A. fumigatus. Its absence from mammalian cells indeed offers a considerable advantage to achieve therapeutic selectivity.
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Deshpande N, Wilkins MR, Packer N, Nevalainen H. Protein glycosylation pathways in filamentous fungi. Glycobiology 2008; 18:626-37. [PMID: 18504293 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwn044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins is important for protein stability, secretion, and localization. In this study, we have investigated the glycan synthesis pathways of 12 filamentous fungi including those of medical/agricultural/industrial importance for which genomes have been recently sequenced. We have adopted a systems biology approach to combine the results from comparative genomics techniques with high confidence information on the enzymes and fungal glycan structures, reported in the literature. From this, we have developed a composite representation of the glycan synthesis pathways in filamentous fungi (both N- and O-linked). The N-glycosylation pathway in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum was found to be highly conserved evolutionarily across all the filamentous fungi considered in the study. In the final stages of N-glycan synthesis in the Golgi, filamentous fungi follow the high mannose pathway as in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the level of glycan mannosylation is reduced. Highly specialized N-glycan structures with galactofuranose residues, phosphodiesters, and other insufficiently trimmed structures have also been identified in the filamentous fungi. O-Linked glycosylation in filamentous fungi was seen to be highly conserved with many mannosyltransferases that are similar to those in S. cerevisiae. However, highly variable and diverse O-linked glycans also exist. We have developed a web resource for presenting the compiled data with user-friendly query options, which can be accessed at www.fungalglycans.org. This resource can assist attempts to remodel glycosylation of recombinant proteins expressed in filamentous fungal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandan Deshpande
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
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A novel screening method for cell wall mutants in Aspergillus niger identifies UDP-galactopyranose mutase as an important protein in fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Genetics 2008; 178:873-81. [PMID: 18245853 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.073148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify cell wall biosynthetic genes in filamentous fungi and thus potential targets for the discovery of new antifungals, we developed a novel screening method for cell wall mutants. It is based on our earlier observation that the Aspergillus niger agsA gene, which encodes a putative alpha-glucan synthase, is strongly induced in response to cell wall stress. By placing the agsA promoter region in front of a selectable marker, the acetamidase (amdS) gene of A. nidulans, we reasoned that cell wall mutants with a constitutively active cell wall stress response pathway could be identified by selecting mutants for growth on acetamide as the sole nitrogen source. For the genetic screen, a strain was constructed that contained two reporter genes controlled by the same promoter: the metabolic reporter gene PagsA-amdS and PagsA-H2B-GFP, which encodes a GFP-tagged nuclear protein. The primary screen yielded 161 mutants that were subjected to various cell wall-related secondary screens. Four calcofluor white-hypersensitive, osmotic-remediable thermosensitive mutants were selected for complementation analysis. Three mutants were complemented by the same gene, which encoded a protein with high sequence identity with eukaryotic UDP-galactopyranose mutases (UgmA). Our results indicate that galactofuranose formation is important for fungal cell wall biosynthesis and represents an attractive target for the development of antifungals.
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N-Glycosylation in Chrysosporium lucknowense enzymes. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
The production by filamentous fungi of therapeutic glycoproteins intended for use in mammals is held back by the inherent difference in protein N-glycosylation and by the inability of the fungal cell to modify proteins with mammalian glycosylation structures. Here, we report protein N-glycan engineering in two Aspergillus species. We functionally expressed in the fungal hosts heterologous chimeric fusion proteins containing different localization peptides and catalytic domains. This strategy allowed the isolation of a strain with a functional alpha-1,2-mannosidase producing increased amounts of N-glycans of the Man5GlcNAc2 type. This strain was further engineered by the introduction of a functional GlcNAc transferase I construct yielding GlcNAcMan5GlcNac2 N-glycans. Additionally, we deleted algC genes coding for an enzyme involved in an early step of the fungal glycosylation pathway yielding Man3GlcNAc2 N-glycans. This modification of fungal glycosylation is a step toward the ability to produce humanized complex N-glycans on therapeutic proteins in filamentous fungi.
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Morelle W, Bernard M, Debeaupuis JP, Buitrago M, Tabouret M, Latgé JP. Galactomannoproteins of Aspergillus fumigatus. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2005; 4:1308-16. [PMID: 16002656 PMCID: PMC1168957 DOI: 10.1128/ec.4.7.1308-1316.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Galactofuranose-containing molecules have been repeatedly shown to be important antigens among human fungal pathogens, including Aspergillus fumigatus. Immunogenic galactofuran determinants have been poorly characterized chemically, however. We reported here the characterization of two glycoproteins of A. fumigatus with an N-glycan containing galactofuranose. These proteins are a phospholipase C and a phytase. Chemical characterization of the N-glycan indicates that it is a mixture of Hex(5-13)HexNAc(2) oligosaccharides, the major molecular species corresponding to Hex(6-8)HexNAc(2). The N-glycan contained one galactofuranose unit that was in a terminal nonreducing position attached to the 2 position of Man. This single terminal nonreducing galactofuranose is essential for the immunoreactivity of the N-glycans assessed either with a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a tetra-beta-1,5-galactofuran chain of galactomannan or with Aspergillus-infected patient sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Morelle
- Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Ward M, Lin C, Victoria DC, Fox BP, Fox JA, Wong DL, Meerman HJ, Pucci JP, Fong RB, Heng MH, Tsurushita N, Gieswein C, Park M, Wang H. Characterization of humanized antibodies secreted by Aspergillus niger. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:2567-76. [PMID: 15128505 PMCID: PMC404402 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.5.2567-2576.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two different humanized immunoglobulin G1(kappa) antibodies and an Fab' fragment were produced by Aspergillus niger. The antibodies were secreted into the culture supernatant. Both light and heavy chains were initially synthesized as fusion proteins with native glucoamylase. After antibody assembly, cleavage by A. niger KexB protease allowed the release of free antibody. Purification by hydrophobic charge induction chromatography proved effective at removing any antibody to which glucoamylase remained attached. Glycosylation at N297 in the Fc region of the heavy chain was observed, but this site was unoccupied on approximately 50% of the heavy chains. The glycan was of the high-mannose type, with some galactose present, and the size ranged from Hex(6)GlcNAc(2) to Hex(15)GlcNAc(2). An aglycosyl mutant form of antibody was also produced. No significant difference between the glycosylated antibody produced by Aspergillus and that produced by mammalian cell cultures was observed in tests for affinity, avidity, pharmacokinetics, or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ward
- Genencor International, Inc, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
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Barroso B, Dijkstra R, Geerts M, Lagerwerf F, van Veelen P, de Ru A. On-line high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric characterization of native oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2002; 16:1320-1329. [PMID: 12112260 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An on-line high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) method is described for the rapid characterization of any type of oligosaccharide released from glycoproteins. The procedure can be applied without further manipulation to fractions collected from a high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulse amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) system commonly used for glycosylation mapping of glycoproteins, or to a pool of oligosaccharides directly released from glycoproteins. The system consists of a porous graphitized high-performance chromatography column (Hypercarb) coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. Oligosaccharides are eluted from the column with a gradient of ammonium acetate/acetonitrile and directly identified following in-source fragmentation. Some applications of the method are presented, as well as information about the spectra and fragmentation behavior observed for N- and O-linked oligosaccharides released from some recombinant glycoproteins. Low femtomole limits of detection are achieved using proper miniaturization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begona Barroso
- Pharming Group N.V., Archimedesweg 4, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands.
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