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Morita Y, Takegawa K, Collins BM, Higuchi Y. Polarity-dependent expression and localization of secretory glucoamylase mRNA in filamentous fungal cells. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127653. [PMID: 38422859 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In multinuclear and multicellular filamentous fungi little is known about how mRNAs encoding secreted enzymes are transcribed and localized spatiotemporally. To better understand this process we analyzed mRNA encoding GlaA, a glucoamylase secreted in large amounts by the industrial filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae, by the MS2 system, in which mRNA can be visualized in living cells. We found that glaA mRNA was significantly transcribed and localized near the hyphal tip and septum, which are the sites of protein secretion, in polarity-dependent expression and localization manners. We also revealed that glaA mRNA exhibits long-range dynamics in the vicinity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a manner that is dependent on the microtubule motor proteins kinesin-1 and kinesin-3, but independent of early endosomes. Moreover, we elucidated that although glaA mRNA localized to stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs) under high temperature, glaA mRNA was not seen under ER stress, suggesting that there are different regulatory mechanisms of glaA mRNA by SG and PB under high temperature and ER stress. Collectively, this study uncovers a dynamic regulatory mechanism of mRNA encoding a secretory enzyme in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Morita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Brett M Collins
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Arentshorst M, Kooloth Valappil P, Mózsik L, Regensburg-Tuïnk TJG, Seekles SJ, Tjallinks G, Fraaije MW, Visser J, Ram AFJ. A CRISPR/Cas9-based multicopy integration system for protein production in Aspergillus niger. FEBS J 2023; 290:5127-5140. [PMID: 37335926 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is well known for its high protein secretion capacity and a preferred host for homologous and heterologous protein production. To improve the protein production capacity of A. niger even further, a set of dedicated protein production strains was made containing up to 10 glucoamylase landing sites (GLSs) at predetermined sites in the genome. These GLSs replace genes encoding enzymes abundantly present or encoding unwanted functions. Each GLS contains the promotor and terminator region of the glucoamylase gene (glaA), one of the highest expressed genes in A. niger. Integrating multiple gene copies, often realized by random integration, is known to boost protein production yields. In our approach the GLSs allow for rapid targeted gene replacement using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. By introducing the same or different unique DNA sequences (dubbed KORE sequences) in each GLS and designing Cas9-compatible single guide RNAs, one is able to select at which GLS integration of a target gene occurs. In this way a set of identical strains with different copy numbers of the gene of interest can be easily and rapidly made to compare protein production levels. As an illustration of its potential, we successfully used the expression platform to generate multicopy A. niger strains producing the Penicillium expansum PatE::6xHis protein catalysing the final step in patulin biosynthesis. The A. niger strain expressing 10 copies of the patE::6xHis expression cassette produced about 70 μg·mL-1 PatE protein in the culture medium with a purity just under 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Arentshorst
- Microbial Sciences, Fungal Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Prajeesh Kooloth Valappil
- Microbial Sciences, Fungal Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - László Mózsik
- Microbial Sciences, Fungal Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Tonny J G Regensburg-Tuïnk
- Microbial Sciences, Fungal Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd J Seekles
- Microbial Sciences, Fungal Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Gwen Tjallinks
- Molecular Enzymology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Visser
- Microbial Sciences, Fungal Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur F J Ram
- Microbial Sciences, Fungal Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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Zhu Z, Zhang M, Liu D, Liu D, Sun T, Yang Y, Dong J, Zhai H, Sun W, Liu Q, Tian C. Development of the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila into glucoamylase hyperproduction system via the metabolic engineering using improved AsCas12a variants. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:150. [PMID: 37568174 PMCID: PMC10416393 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucoamylase is an important enzyme for starch saccharification in the food and biofuel industries and mainly produced from mesophilic fungi such as Aspergillus and Rhizopus species. Enzymes produced from thermophilic fungi can save the fermentation energy and reduce costs as compared to the fermentation system using mesophiles. Thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila is industrially deployed fungus to produce enzymes and biobased chemicals from biomass during optimal growth at 45 °C. This study aimed to construct the M. thermophila platform for glucoamylase hyper-production by broadening genomic targeting range of the AsCas12a variants, identifying key candidate genes and strain engineering. RESULTS In this study, to increase the genome targeting range, we upgraded the CRISPR-Cas12a-mediated technique by engineering two AsCas12a variants carrying the mutations S542R/K607R and S542R/K548V/N552R. Using the engineered AsCas12a variants, we deleted identified key factors involved in the glucoamylase expression and secretion in M. thermophila, including Mtstk-12, Mtap3m, Mtdsc-1 and Mtsah-2. Deletion of four targets led to more than 1.87- and 1.85-fold higher levels of secretion and glucoamylases activity compared to wild-type strain MtWT. Transcript level of the major amylolytic genes showed significantly increased in deletion mutants. The glucoamylase hyper-production strain MtGM12 was generated from our previously strain MtYM6 via genetically engineering these targets Mtstk-12, Mtap3m, Mtdsc-1 and Mtsah-2 and overexpressing Mtamy1 and Mtpga3. Total secreted protein and activities of amylolytic enzymes in the MtGM12 were about 35.6-fold and 51.9‒55.5-fold higher than in MtWT. Transcriptional profiling analyses revealed that the amylolytic gene expression levels were significantly up-regulated in the MtGM12 than in MtWT. More interestingly, the MtGM12 showed predominantly short and highly bulging hyphae with proliferation of rough ER and abundant mitochondria, secretion vesicles and vacuoles when culturing on starch. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that these AsCas12a variants worked well for gene deletions in M. thermophila. We successfully constructed the glucoamylase hyper-production strain of M. thermophila by the rational redesigning and engineering the transcriptional regulatory and secretion pathway. This targeted engineering strategy will be very helpful to improve industrial fungal strains and promote the morphology engineering for enhanced enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Zhu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Manyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Defei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yujing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jiacheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhai
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Wenliang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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Li Y, Li C, Muhammad Aqeel S, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Ma J, Zhou J, Li J, Du G, Liu S. Enhanced expression of xylanase in Aspergillus niger enabling a two-step enzymatic pathway for extracting β-glucan from oat bran. Bioresour Technol 2023; 377:128962. [PMID: 36966944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The high cost and process complexity limit the enzymatic extraction of β-glucan. In this study, β-glucan was extracted from oat bran in a two-step enzymatic pathway using a recombinant strain of Aspergillus niger AG11 overexpressing the endogenous xylanase (xynA) and amylolytic enzyme. First, co-optimization of promoter and signal peptide and a fusion of glucoamylase (glaA) fragment were integrated into the β-glucosidase (bgl) locus to improve xynA expression. Then, the optimized expression cassette was simultaneously integrated into bgl, α-amylase amyA, and acid α-amylase ammA loci, yielding the Rbya with 3,650-fold and 31.2% increase in xynA and amylolytic enzyme activity than the wild-type strain, respectively. Finally, Rbya's supernatants at 72 h (rich in xynA and amylolytic enzyme) and 10 d (rich in proteases) were used to decompose xylan/starch and proteins in oat bran, respectively, to obtain 85.1% pure β-glucan. Rbya could be a robust candidate for the cost-effective extraction of β-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cen Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Sahibzada Muhammad Aqeel
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yachan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Dalian Research Institute of Petrolem and Petrochemicals, SINOPEC, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jianing Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Song Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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5
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Song W, Li Y, Tong Y, Li Y, Tao J, Rao S, Li J, Zhou J, Liu S. Improving the Catalytic Efficiency of Aspergillus fumigatus Glucoamylase toward Raw Starch by Engineering Its N-Glycosylation Sites and Saturation Mutation. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:12672-12680. [PMID: 36154122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Raw starch glucoamylase (RSGA) can degrade the raw starch below the starch gelatinization temperature. In this study, to improve the catalytic activity of raw corn starch, N-glycosylation was introduced into the RSGA from Aspergillus fumigatus through site-directed mutation and the recombinant expression in Komagataella phaffii. Among them, the mutants G101S (N99-L100-S101) and Q113T (N111-S112-T113) increased the specific activity of raw corn starch by 1.19- and 1.21-fold, respectively. The optimal temperature of Q113T decreased from 70 to 60 °C. Notably, the combined mutant G101S/Q113T increased the specific activity toward raw starch by 1.22-fold and reduced the optimal temperature from 70 to 60 °C. Moreover, the mutant Q113M with a 1.5-fold increase in the catalytic activity was obtained via saturation mutation at site 113. Thus, the N-glycosylation site engineering is an efficient method to improve the activity of RSGA toward raw starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi Tong
- National Engineering Research Center for Corn Deep Processing, Jilin COFCO Biochemical Co. Ltd, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yi Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Corn Deep Processing, Jilin COFCO Biochemical Co. Ltd, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jin Tao
- National Engineering Research Center for Corn Deep Processing, Jilin COFCO Biochemical Co. Ltd, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Shengqi Rao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Song Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Trochine A, Bellora N, Nizovoy P, Duran R, Greif G, de García V, Batthyany C, Robello C, Libkind D. Genomic and proteomic analysis of Tausonia pullulans reveals a key role for a GH15 glucoamylase in starch hydrolysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4655-4667. [PMID: 35713658 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Basidiomycetous yeasts remain an almost unexplored source of enzymes with great potential in several industries. Tausonia pullulans (Tremellomycetes) is a psychrotolerant yeast with several extracellular enzymatic activities reported, although the responsible genes are not known. We performed the genomic sequencing, assembly and annotation of T. pullulans strain CRUB 1754 (Perito Moreno glacier, Argentina), a gene survey of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and analyzed its secretome by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) after growth in glucose (GLU) or starch (STA) as main carbon sources. T. pullulans has 7210 predicted genes, 3.6% being CAZymes. When compared to other Tremellomycetes, it contains a high number of CAZy domains, and in particular higher quantities of glucoamylases (GH15), pectinolytic enzymes (GH28) and lignocellulose decay enzymes (GH7). When the secretome of T. pullulans was analyzed experimentally after growth in starch or glucose, 98 proteins were identified. The 60% of total spectral counts belonged to GHs, oxidoreductases and to other CAZymes. A 65 kDa glucoamylase of family GH15 (TpGA1) showed the highest fold change (tenfold increase in starch). This enzyme contains a conserved active site and showed extensive N-glycosylation. This study increases the knowledge on the extracellular hydrolytic enzymes of basidiomycetous yeasts and, in particular, establishes T. pullulans as a potential source of carbohydrate-active enzymes. KEY POINTS: • Tausonia pullulans genome harbors a high number of genes coding for CAZymes. • Among CAZy domains/families, the glycoside hydrolases are the most abundant. • Secretome analysis in glucose or starch as main C sources identified 98 proteins. • A 65 kDa GH15 glucoamylase showed the highest fold increase upon culture in starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Trochine
- Centro de Referencia en Levaduras Y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas Y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, (CP8400) San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás Bellora
- Instituto de Tecnologías Nucleares Para La Salud (INTECNUS), RP82, (CP8400) San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Paula Nizovoy
- Centro de Referencia en Levaduras Y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas Y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, (CP8400) San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Rosario Duran
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo (IPMont), Mataojo 2020, (CP11400), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, (CP 11600), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Greif
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo (IPMont), Mataojo 2020, (CP11400), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Virginia de García
- Instituto de Investigación Y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas (PROBIEN), Buenos Aires 1400, (CP8300), Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Carlos Batthyany
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo (IPMont), Mataojo 2020, (CP11400), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Facultad de Medicina (UDELAR), Av. Gral. Flores 2125, (CP1180), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Robello
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo (IPMont), Mataojo 2020, (CP11400), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Facultad de Medicina (UDELAR), Av. Gral. Flores 2125, (CP1180), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Libkind
- Centro de Referencia en Levaduras Y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas Y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, (CP8400) San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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7
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Bagryantseva OV, Gmoshinski IV, Shipelin VA, Sheveleva SA, Riger NA, Shumakova AA, Efimochkina NR, Markova YM, Tsurikova NV, Smotrina YV, Sokolov IE, Kolobanov AI, Khotimchenko SA. [Assessment of the influence of an enzymal preparation - a complex of glucoamylase and xylanase from Aspergillus awamori Xyl T-15 on the intestinal microbiom and immunological indicators of rats]. Vopr Pitan 2022; 91:42-52. [PMID: 35852977 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-3-42-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The requirements for the safety of food products obtained by microbial synthesis are including as obligation for to conduct toxicological studies - the study of various biochemical and immunological markers of toxic effects. The necessity of these studies is explained by a possible change in the structure of food ingredients produced by a microbial cell and, consequently, a change in their biological properties, as well as the possible presence of living forms and/or DNA of producer strains or of their toxic metabolites in these ingredients. At the same time, it is well known that the nutrient composition of foods has a significant impact on the composition and properties of microorganisms that make up the gut microbiome, which, in turn, determines the immune status. The purpose of the research was to justify the analyses of gut microbiocenosis composition for inclusion in the protocol of safety investigation of foods obtained by microbial synthesis [on the example of an enzyme preparation (EP) - a complex of glucoamylase and xylanase from a genetically modified strain of Aspergillus awamori Xyl T-15]. Material and methods. In experimental studies carried out for 80 days, Wistar rats (males and females) were used. The study of the effect of EP (a complex of glucoamylase and xylanase from a genetically modified Aspergillus awamori Xyl T-15 strain) in dozes 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg body mass on the cecum microbiome and the immune status (content of cytokines and chemokines: IL-1a, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, INF-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-1a and Regulated on Activation Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted - RANTES) was carried out. Results. It has been shown that EP - a complex of glucoamylase and xylanase from A. awamori Xyl T-15 at doses of 100 mg/kg or more causes mild disturbances in the composition of gut microbiocenosis. At the same time, these disorders have a significant immunomodulat ory and immunotoxic effect on the body, which manifests itself in a dose-dependent change in the profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in blood and spleen. The adverse effect of EP on the body is probably due to the formation of metabolites that are not formed during usual digestive processes in the gastrointestinal tract. The minimum effective dose (LOAEL) of EP was 100 mg/kg body weight In accordance with established requirements, the activity of the EP should not appear in ready-to-use food. Subject to this requirement, amount of EP entering the body cannot exceed the established LOAEL level. Therefore, a complex of glucoamylase and xylanase can be used in food industry, subject to the establishment of regulations «for technological purposes» for A. awamori Xyl T-15 strain. Conclusion. The data obtained on the relationship between the state of the microbiome and the immune status upon the introduction of EP indicate the need to include indicators of the state of gut microbiocenosis in the test protocol of safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Bagryantseva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Foоd Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - I V Gmoshinski
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Foоd Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V A Shipelin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Foоd Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - S A Sheveleva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Foоd Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - N A Riger
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Foоd Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A A Shumakova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Foоd Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - N R Efimochkina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Foоd Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yu M Markova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Foоd Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - N V Tsurikova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Foоd Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yu V Smotrina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Foоd Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - I E Sokolov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Foоd Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A I Kolobanov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Foоd Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - S A Khotimchenko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Foоd Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Yang YJ, Liu Y, Liu DD, Guo WZ, Wang LX, Wang XJ, Lv HX, Yang Y, Liu Q, Tian CG. Development of a flow cytometry-based plating-free system for strain engineering in industrial fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:713-727. [PMID: 34921331 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent technical advances regarding filamentous fungi have accelerated the engineering of fungal-based production and benefited basic science. However, challenges still remain and limit the speed of fungal applications. For example, high-throughput technologies tailored to filamentous fungi are not yet commonly available for genetic modification. The currently used fungal genetic manipulations are time-consuming and laborious. Here, we developed a flow cytometry-based plating-free system to directly screen and isolate the transformed protoplasts in industrial fungi Myceliophthora thermophila and Aspergillus niger. This system combines genetic engineering via the 2A peptide and the CRISPR-Cas9 system, strain screening by flow cytometry, and direct sorting of colonies for deep-well-plate incubation and phenotypic analysis while avoiding culturing transformed protoplasts in plates, colony picking, conidiation, and cultivation. As a proof of concept, we successfully applied this system to generate the glucoamylase-hyperproducing strains MtYM6 and AnLM3 in M. thermophila and A. niger, respectively. Notably, the protein secretion level and enzyme activities in MtYM6 were 17.3- and 25.1-fold higher than in the host strain. Overall, these findings suggest that the flow cytometry-based plating-free system can be a convenient and efficient tool for strain engineering in fungal biotechnology. We expect this system to facilitate improvements of filamentous fungal strains for industrial applications. KEY POINTS: • Development of a flow cytometry-based plating-free (FCPF) system is presented. • Application of FCPF system in M. thermophila and A. niger for glucoamylase platform. • Hyper-produced strains MtYM6 and AnLM3 for glucoamylase production are generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yin Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Dan-Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Li-Xian Wang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xing-Ji Wang
- Longda Biotechnology Inc, 276400, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - He-Xin Lv
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Chao-Guang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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Ren X, He Z, Lin X, Lin X, Liang Z, Liu D, Huang Y, Fang Z. Screening and evaluation of Monascus purpureus FJMR24 for enhancing the raw material utilization rate in rice wine brewing. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:185-193. [PMID: 32623720 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid development of the rice wine industry has increased the demand for raw materials worldwide. A fungal strain with good adaptability to rice wine brewing conditions, which can also enhance the utilization rate of raw materials (URRM), thus increasing the production efficiency, was sought in the present research. RESULTS The strain FJMR24 was successfully isolated and screened from 35 fermentation starters and exhibited high amylase activity (2200.9 ± 18.5 U g-1 ) and high glucoamylase activity (2330.4 ± 31.9 U g-1 ). Based on a morphological examination and a sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene and β-tubulin gene, FJMR24 was identified as Monascus purpureus, which is an edible and versatile fungus that plays a dominant role in the processing of Hong Qu. A moderate pH of 5-6 under incubation at 35 °C for 5-6 days was favorable for the growth and enzyme production of FJMR24. The strain could also tolerate the extreme conditions of 15-45 °C, 18% ethanol (v/v), and an acidity of pH 2. The excellent fermentation adaptability of FJMR24 might enable it to retain high enzyme activity during rice wine brewing. As a result of the action of FJMR24, the URRM of the base liquor increased by around 26% due to increased starch hydrolysis efficiency, which was mainly due to the high unit enzyme activity of FJMR24. CONCLUSION This study provides perspectives for the application of a M. purpureus strain with high starch hydrolysis activity for enhancing the URRM in traditional rice wine brewing. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Ren
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhigang He
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaozi Lin
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhangcheng Liang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Di Liu
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yingying Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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10
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Dong YS, Yu N, Li X, Zhang B, Xing Y, Zhuang C, Xiu ZL. Dietary 5,6,7-Trihydroxy-flavonoid Aglycones and 1-Deoxynojirimycin Synergistically Inhibit the Recombinant Maltase-Glucoamylase Subunit of α-Glucosidase and Lower Postprandial Blood Glucose. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:8774-8787. [PMID: 32806121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) is the major effective component of mulberry leaves, exhibiting inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. However, due to the low content of 1-DNJ in mulberry products, its level cannot meet the lowest dose to exhibit its activity. In this study, a combination of dietary 5,6,7-trihydroxy-flavonoid aglycones with 1-DNJ showed synergistic inhibitory activity against maltase of mice α-glucosidase and recombinant C- and N-termini of maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and baicalein with 1-DNJ exhibited the strongest synergistic effect. The synergistic effect of the combination was also confirmed by the maltose tolerance test in vivo. Enzyme kinetics, molecular docking, fluorescence spectrum, and circular dichroism spectrometry studies indicated that the major mechanism of the synergism is that baicalein was a positive allosteric inhibitor and bound to the noncompetitive site of MGAM, causing an increase of the binding affinity of 1-DNJ to MGAM. Our results might provide a theoretical basis for the design of dietary supplements containing mulberry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Sheng Dong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Yu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Xing
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Zhi-Long Xiu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
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11
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Aung-Htut MT, Ham KA, Tchan MC, Fletcher S, Wilton SD. Novel Mutations Found in Individuals with Adult-Onset Pompe Disease. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020135. [PMID: 32012848 PMCID: PMC7073677 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease, or glycogen storage disease II is a rare, progressive disease leading to skeletal muscle weakness due to deficiency of the acid α-1,4-glucosidase enzyme (GAA). The severity of disease and observed time of onset is subject to the various combinations of heterozygous GAA alleles. Here we have characterized two novel mutations: c.2074C>T and c.1910_1918del, and a previously reported c.1082C>G mutation of uncertain clinical significance. These mutations were found in three unrelated patients with adult-onset Pompe disease carrying the common c.-32-13T>G mutation. The c.2074 C>T nonsense mutation has obvious consequences on GAA expression but the c.1910_1918del (deletion of 3 amino acids) and c.1082C>G missense variants are more subtle DNA changes with catastrophic consequences on GAA activity. Molecular and clinical analyses from the three patients corresponded with the anticipated pathogenicity of each mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- May T. Aung-Htut
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (M.T.A.-H.); (K.A.H.); (S.F.)
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science and The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Kristin A. Ham
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (M.T.A.-H.); (K.A.H.); (S.F.)
| | - Michel C. Tchan
- Genetic Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney 2145, Australia;
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (M.T.A.-H.); (K.A.H.); (S.F.)
| | - Steve D. Wilton
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (M.T.A.-H.); (K.A.H.); (S.F.)
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science and The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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12
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Amiñoso C, Gordillo-Marañón M, Hernández J, Solera J. Reevaluating the pathogenicity of the mutation c.1194 +5 G>A in GAA gene by functional analysis of RNA in a 61-year-old woman diagnosed with Pompe disease by muscle biopsy. Neuromuscul Disord 2019; 29:187-191. [PMID: 30770309 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type II, or Pompe disease, is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). We performed genetic analysis to confirm the diagnosis of Pompe disease in a 61-year-old patient with progressive weakness in extremities, severe Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome, a significant reduction of alpha-glucosidase in liquid sample of peripheral blood and muscular biopsy diagnosis. GAA gene sequencing showed the patient is homozygous for the splice-site mutation c.1194+5G>A, considered as nonpathogenic in Pompe Center mutation database. Further molecular RNA characterization of GAA transcripts allowed us to identify abnormal processing of pre-mRNA, leading to aberrant transcripts and a significant reduction of GAA mRNA levels. Our results indicate that c.1194+5G>A is a pathogenic splice-site mutation and should be considered as such for diagnostic purposes. This study emphasizes the potential role of functional studies to determine the consequences of mutations with no evident pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Amiñoso
- Unidad de Oncogenética Molecular, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Edificio Quirúrgico Planta-2, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gordillo-Marañón
- Unidad de Oncogenética Molecular, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Edificio Quirúrgico Planta-2, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jaime Hernández
- Neurology Department, University General Hospital of Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Jesús Solera
- Unidad de Oncogenética Molecular, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Edificio Quirúrgico Planta-2, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Lagalice L, Pichon J, Gougeon E, Soussi S, Deniaud J, Ledevin M, Maurier V, Leroux I, Durand S, Ciron C, Franzoso F, Dubreil L, Larcher T, Rouger K, Colle MA. Satellite cells fail to contribute to muscle repair but are functional in Pompe disease (glycogenosis type II). Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:116. [PMID: 30382921 PMCID: PMC6211565 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease, which is due to acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency, is characterized by skeletal muscle dysfunction attributed to the accumulation of glycogen-filled lysosomes and autophagic buildup. Despite the extensive tissue damages, a failure of satellite cell (SC) activation and lack of muscle regeneration have been reported in patients. However, the origin of this defective program is unknown. Additionally, whether these deficits occur gradually over the disease course is unclear. Using a longitudinal pathophysiological study of two muscles in a Pompe mouse model, here, we report that the enzymatic defect results in a premature saturating glycogen overload and a high number of enlarged lysosomes. The muscles gradually display profound remodeling as the number of autophagic vesicles, centronucleated fibers, and split fibers increases and larger fibers are lost. Only a few regenerated fibers were observed regardless of age, although the SC pool was preserved. Except for the early age, during which higher numbers of activated SCs and myoblasts were observed, no myogenic commitment was observed in response to the damage. Following in vivo injury, we established that muscle retains regenerative potential, demonstrating that the failure of SC participation in repair is related to an activation signal defect. Altogether, our findings provide new insight into the pathophysiology of Pompe disease and highlight that the activation signal defect of SCs compromises muscle repair, which could be related to the abnormal energetic supply following autophagic flux impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Lagalice
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307 France
| | - Julien Pichon
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307 France
- INSERM UMR1089, Université de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Eliot Gougeon
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307 France
| | - Salwa Soussi
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307 France
| | - Johan Deniaud
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307 France
| | - Mireille Ledevin
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307 France
| | - Virginie Maurier
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307 France
| | - Isabelle Leroux
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307 France
| | - Sylvie Durand
- BIA, INRA, Centre INRA Pays de la Loire, Nantes, F-44300 France
| | - Carine Ciron
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307 France
| | - Francesca Franzoso
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307 France
| | - Laurence Dubreil
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307 France
| | - Thibaut Larcher
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307 France
| | - Karl Rouger
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307 France
| | - Marie-Anne Colle
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307 France
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14
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Rairikar MV, Case LE, Bailey LA, Kazi ZB, Desai AK, Berrier KL, Coats J, Gandy R, Quinones R, Kishnani PS. Insight into the phenotype of infants with Pompe disease identified by newborn screening with the common c.-32-13T>G "late-onset" GAA variant. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 122:99-107. [PMID: 28951071 PMCID: PMC5722675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Newborn screening (NBS) has led to early diagnosis and early initiation of treatment for infantile onset Pompe Disease (IOPD). However, guidelines for management of late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) via NBS, especially with the IVS c.-32-13T>G are not clear. This IVS variant is noted in 68-90% cases with LOPD and has been presumed to result in "adult" disease in compound heterozygosity, with a few cases with earlier onset and a mild to no phenotype in homozygosity. Our study evaluates newborns with LOPD having IVS variant with a diligent multidisciplinary approach to determine if they have an early presentation. METHODS Seven children with LOPD identified by NBS with IVS variant (3 compound heterozygous, and 4 homozygous) were evaluated with clinical, biochemical (CK, AST, ALT, and urinary Glc4), cardiac evaluation, physical therapy (PT), occupational, and speech/language therapy. RESULTS All seven patients demonstrated motor involvement by age 6months; the three patients with c.-32-13 T>G variant in compound heterozygosity had symptoms as neonates. Patients with c.-32-13 T>G variant in compound heterozygosity had more involvement with persistent hyperCKemia, elevated AST and ALT, swallowing difficulties, limb-girdle weakness, delayed motor milestones, and were initiated on ERT. The patients with c.-32-13T>G variant in homozygosity had normal laboratory parameters, and presented with very subtle yet LOPD specific signs, identified only by meticulous assessments. CONCLUSION This patient cohort represents the first carefully phenotyped cohort of infants with LOPD with the "late-onset" GAA variant c.-32-13T>G detected by NBS in the USA. It emphasizes not only the opportunity for early detection of skeletal and other muscle involvement in infants with c.-32-13T>G variant but also a high probability of overlooking or underestimating the significance of clinically present and detectable features. It can thus serve as a valuable contribution in the development of evaluation and treatment algorithms for infants with LOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha V Rairikar
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laura E Case
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lauren A Bailey
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zoheb B Kazi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ankit K Desai
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn L Berrier
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julie Coats
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Duke Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Gandy
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Duke Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca Quinones
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Duke Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Priya S Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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15
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Xian L, Feng JX. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel mesophilic glucoamylase from Aspergillus tritici WZ99. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:1122-1130. [PMID: 28951303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucoamylase, cleaving the nonreducing end of starch releasing glucose, is an important enzyme in starch processing. The optimal temperature for industrial glucoamylase activity is 60-70°C, which is not compatible with the optimal growth temperature for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, 26 fungal strains producing amylolytic activities that were more active at 30°C than at 60°C were isolated from 151 environmental samples. Fungal strain WZ99, producing extracellular amylolytic activities with the lowest optimal temperature at 40°C, was identified as Aspergillus tritici by analysis of morphological and molecular data. An extracellular glucoamylase was purified from A. tritici WZ99. The optimal pH of the enzyme was 4.0-5.0 and optimal temperature was 45°C. The glucoamylase was stable at pH 4.5-10.0 and below 40°C. Metal ions at four concentrations did not inhibit the enzyme activity. The glucoamylase contained a catalytic domain belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 15 and thus was named as AtriGA15A. The enzyme shared the highest identity of 54% with a glucoamylase from Rasamsonia emersonii. This glucoamylase showing excellent comprehensive enzymatic characteristics might have potential applications in starch-based bioethanol production and starch processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China.
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16
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Hu W, Li W, Chen H, Liu J, Wang S, Chen J. Changes in transcript levels of starch hydrolysis genes and raising citric acid production via carbon ion irradiation mutagenesis of Aspergillus niger. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28650980 PMCID: PMC5484496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous ascomycete Aspergillus niger is well known for its ability to accumulate citric acid for the hydrolysis of starchy materials. To improve citric acid productivity, heavy ion beam mutagenesis was utilized to produce mutant A.niger strains with enhanced production of citric acid in this work. It was demonstrated that a mutant HW2 with high concentration of citric acid was isolated after carbon ion irradiation with the energy of 80Mev/μ, which was obvious increase higher than the original strain from liquefied corn starch as a feedstock. More importantly, with the evidence from the expression profiles of key genes and enzyme activity involved in the starch hydrolysis process between original strain and various phenotype mutants, our results confirmed that different transcript levels of key genes involving in starch hydrolysis process between original strain and mutants could be a significant contributor to different citric acid concentration in A.niger, such as, amyR and glaA, which therefore opened a new avenue for constructing genetically engineered A.niger mutants for high-yield citric acid accumulation in the future. As such, this work demonstrated that heavy ion beam mutagenesis presented an efficient alternative strategy to be developed to generate various phenotype microbe species mutants for functional genes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou city, Gansu Province, China
- * E-mail: (WH); (JC)
| | - Wenjian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou city, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of food science and engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou city, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou city, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shuyang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou city, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jihong Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou city, Gansu Province, China
- * E-mail: (WH); (JC)
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Bulakhov AG, Volkov PV, Rozhkova AM, Gusakov AV, Nemashkalov VA, Satrutdinov AD, Sinitsyn AP. Using an Inducible Promoter of a Gene Encoding Penicillium verruculosum Glucoamylase for Production of Enzyme Preparations with Enhanced Cellulase Performance. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170404. [PMID: 28107425 PMCID: PMC5249098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Penicillium verruculosum is an efficient producer of highly active cellulase multienzyme system. One of the approaches for enhancing cellulase performance in hydrolysis of cellulosic substrates is to enrich the reaction system with β -glucosidase and/or accessory enzymes, such as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMO) displaying a synergism with cellulases. Results Genes bglI, encoding β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger (AnBGL), and eglIV, encoding LPMO (formerly endoglucanase IV) from Trichoderma reesei (TrLPMO), were cloned and expressed by P. verruculosum B1-537 strain under the control of the inducible gla1 gene promoter. Content of the heterologous AnBGL in the secreted multienzyme cocktails (hBGL1, hBGL2 and hBGL3) varied from 4 to 10% of the total protein, while the content of TrLPMO in the hLPMO sample was ~3%. The glucose yields in 48-h hydrolysis of Avicel and milled aspen wood by the hBGL1, hBGL2 and hBGL3 preparations increased by up to 99 and 80%, respectively, relative to control enzyme preparations without the heterologous AnBGL (at protein loading 5 mg/g substrate for all enzyme samples). The heterologous TrLPMO in the hLPMO preparation boosted the conversion of the lignocellulosic substrate by 10–43%; however, in hydrolysis of Avicel the hLPMO sample was less effective than the control preparations. The highest product yield in hydrolysis of aspen wood was obtained when the hBGL2 and hLPMO preparations were used at the ratio 1:1. Conclusions The enzyme preparations produced by recombinant P. verruculosum strains, expressing the heterologous AnBGL or TrLPMO under the control of the gla1 gene promoter in a starch-containing medium, proved to be more effective in hydrolysis of a lignocellulosic substrate than control enzyme preparations without the heterologous enzymes. The enzyme composition containing both AnBGL and TrLPMO demonstrated the highest performance in lignocellulose hydrolysis, providing a background for developing a fungal strain capable to express both heterologous enzymes simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Bulakhov
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Volkov
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra M. Rozhkova
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander V. Gusakov
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly A. Nemashkalov
- G.K.Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Aidar D. Satrutdinov
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arkady P. Sinitsyn
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Sakaguchi M, Matsushima Y, Nagamine Y, Matsuhashi T, Honda S, Okuda S, Ohno M, Sugahara Y, Shin Y, Oyama F, Kawakita M. Functional dissection of the N-terminal sequence of Clostridium sp. G0005 glucoamylase: identification of components critical for folding the catalytic domain and for constructing the active site structure. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:2415-2425. [PMID: 27942757 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium sp. G0005 glucoamylase (CGA) is composed of a β-sandwich domain (BD), a linker, and a catalytic domain (CD). In the present study, CGA was expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies when the N-terminal region (39 amino acid residues) of the BD was truncated. To further elucidate the role of the N-terminal region of the BD, we constructed N-terminally truncated proteins (Δ19, Δ24, Δ29, and Δ34) and assessed their solubility and activity. Although all evaluated proteins were soluble, their hydrolytic activities toward maltotriose as a substrate varied: Δ19 and Δ24 were almost as active as CGA, but the activity of Δ29 was substantially lower, and Δ34 exhibited little hydrolytic activity. Subsequent truncation analysis of the N-terminal region sequence between residues 25 and 28 revealed that truncation of less than 26 residues did not affect CGA activity, whereas truncation of 26 or more residues resulted in a substantial loss of activity. Based on further site-directed mutagenesis and N-terminal sequence analysis, we concluded that the 26XaaXaaTrp28 sequence of CGA is important in exhibiting CGA activity. These results suggest that the N-terminal region of the BD in bacterial GAs may function not only in folding the protein into the correct structure but also in constructing a competent active site for catalyzing the hydrolytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2,665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan.
| | - Yudai Matsushima
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2,665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nagamine
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2,665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Tomoki Matsuhashi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2,665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Shotaro Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2,665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Shoi Okuda
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2,665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Misa Ohno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2,665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yasusato Sugahara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2,665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yongchol Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2,665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2,665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Masao Kawakita
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2,665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kami-kitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
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Ramada MHS, Steindorff AS, Bloch C, Ulhoa CJ. Secretome analysis of the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma harzianum ALL 42 cultivated in different media supplemented with Fusarium solani cell wall or glucose. Proteomics 2016; 16:477-90. [PMID: 26631988 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma harzianum is a fungus well known for its potential as a biocontrol agent against many fungal phytopathogens. The aim of this study was to characterize the proteins secreted by T. harzianum ALL42 when its spores were inoculated and incubated for 48 h in culture media supplemented with glucose (GLU) or with cell walls from Fusarium solani (FSCW), a phytopathogen that causes severe losses in common bean and soy crops in Brazil, as well as other crop diseases around the world. Trichoderma harzianum was able to grow in Trichoderma Liquid Enzyme Production medium (TLE) and Minimal medium (MM) supplemented with FSCW and in TLE+GLU, but was unable to grow in MM+GLU medium. Protein quantification showed that TLE+FSCW and MM+FSCW had 45- and 30- fold, respectively, higher protein concentration on supernatant when compared to TLE+GLU, and this difference was observable on 2D gel electrophoresis (2DE). A total of 94 out of 105 proteins excised from 2DE maps were identified. The only protein observed in all three conditions was epl1. In the media supplemented with FSCW, different hydrolases such as chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases, glucoamylases, α-1,3-glucanases and proteases were identified, along with other proteins with no known functions in mycoparasitism, such as npp1 and cys. Trichoderma harzianum showed a complex and diverse arsenal of proteins that are secreted in response to the presence of FSCW, with novel proteins not previously described in mycoparasitic-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Henrique Soller Ramada
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, Embrapa-Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Andrei Stecca Steindorff
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos Bloch
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, Embrapa-Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Cirano José Ulhoa
- Laboratório de Enzimologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás (ICB), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Ley-Martos M, Salado-Reyes MJ, Espinosa-Rosso R, Solera-García J, Jiménez-Jiménez L. [Variability in the clinical presentation of Pompe disease: development following enzyme replacement therapy]. Rev Neurol 2015; 61:416-420. [PMID: 26503317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pompe disease is a generalized progressive disease caused by a deficiency of the lysosome enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). We present three cases with different clinical symptomatology and treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with positive evolution. CASE REPORTS Case 1: three-month old male, with weakness and rejecting meals; mild hepatomegaly, discrete macroglossia and muscular hypotony; and increased muscular enzymes. Case 2: five-month old male, with delayed motor development, severe neurosensory deafness, and respiratory disorder of difficult evolution; muscular hypotony; and mild increase in creatine kinase. Case 3: 22-year old male, with progressive dyspnea, with history of increased creatine kinase and transaminases, and hypercholesterolemia. He suffered from severe respiratory failure requiring endotraqueal intubation Muscular biopsy showed glycogen storage suggestive of Pompe disease. In the three cases, the EMG showed a characteristic pattern with pseudomyotonic discharges and the deficiency in GAA was confirmed in lymphocytes. One single mutation was observed in one case and two in the other two cases. Every patient received ERT showing a favorable evolution; with disappearance of cardiac disorders in case 1, improvement in motor development in both infants and no longer need for mechanical ventilation in case 3. CONCLUSION Pompe disease has a wide variability in clinical expression. ERT achieves a good response, especially in infant forms of the disease. The survival of treated patients with these Pompe disease forms will allow knowing further the course of the disease.
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Moreno-Medinilla E, Berzosa-López R, Mora-Ramírez MD, Blasco-Alonso J, Martínez-Antón J. [Variability in the clinical presentation of Pompe disease in infancy: two case reports and response to treatment with human recombinant enzyme]. Rev Neurol 2014; 59:503-507. [PMID: 25418145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pompe disease/glycogen storage disease type II is a congenital metabolic disorder. It is an autosomal recessive disease where there is a deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), an enzyme required for lysosomal glycogen degradation. We describe two infantile onset cases with heterogeneous presentations. CASE REPORTS The first case is a newborn with maintained bradycardia, a cardiologic study revealed severe biventricular hypertrophy. The second case is a 14 months old patient with motor delay and arreflexic hypotonia. Creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic trans aminase were high. The electromyogram showed myopathic alteration and the muscle biopsy vacuolar myopathy with glycogen accumulation. In both of them, GAA activity was decreased and the genetic exam of the GAA gene revealed heterozygous mutations already described in Pompe disease. They started enzyme replacement therapy at 1 month old and 18 months old respectively, improving the cardiomyopathy hypertrophy, motor wise however less advance was seen. At the present time, the patients are 9 months and 5 years old respectively, the last one has a Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) III level. CONCLUSION GAA is the only authorized option for Pompe disease treatment; the effects observed are similar to the ones described in the literature, with excellent outcome in the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but less effective in the skeletal muscle.
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22
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Hua H, Luo H, Bai Y, Wang K, Niu C, Huang H, Shi P, Wang C, Yang P, Yao B. A thermostable glucoamylase from Bispora sp. MEY-1 with stability over a broad pH range and significant starch hydrolysis capacity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113581. [PMID: 25415468 PMCID: PMC4240638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucoamylase is an exo-type enzyme that converts starch completely into glucose from the non-reducing ends. To meet the industrial requirements for starch processing, a glucoamylase with excellent thermostability, raw-starch degradation ability and high glucose yield is much needed. In the present study we selected the excellent Carbohydrate-Activity Enzyme (CAZyme) producer, Bispora sp. MEY-1, as the microbial source for glucoamylase gene exploitation. Methodology/Principal Findings A glucoamylase gene (gla15) was cloned from Bispora sp. MEY-1 and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris with a high yield of 34.1 U/ml. Deduced GLA15 exhibits the highest identity of 64.2% to the glucoamylase from Talaromyces (Rasamsonia) emersonii. Purified recombinant GLA15 was thermophilic and showed the maximum activity at 70°C. The enzyme was stable over a broad pH range (2.2–11.0) and at high temperature up to 70°C. It hydrolyzed the breakages of both α-1,4- and α-1,6-glycosidic linkages in amylopectin, soluble starch, amylose, and maltooligosaccharides, and had capacity to degrade raw starch. TLC and H1-NMR analysis showed that GLA15 is a typical glucoamylase of GH family 15 that releases glucose units from the non-reducing ends of α-glucans. The combination of Bacillus licheniformis amylase and GLA15 hydrolyzed 96.14% of gelatinized maize starch after 6 h incubation, which was about 9% higher than that of the combination with a commercial glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger. Conclusion/Significance GLA15 has a broad pH stability range, high-temperature thermostability, high starch hydrolysis capacity and high expression yield. In comparison with the commercial glucoamylase from A. niger, GLA15 represents a better candidate for application in the food industry including production of glucose, glucose syrups, and high-fructose corn syrups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Hua
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Canfang Niu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Pengjun Shi
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Peilong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- CAAS-ICRAF Joint Laboratory on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Kishishita S, Fujii T, Ishikawa K. Heterologous expression of hyperthermophilic cellulases of archaea Pyrococcus sp. by fungus Talaromyces cellulolyticus. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 42:137-41. [PMID: 25387612 PMCID: PMC4282877 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Talaromyces cellulolyticus (formerly known as Acremonium cellulolyticus) is one of the high cellulolytic enzyme-producing fungi. T. cellulolyticus exhibits the potential ability for high amount production of enzyme proteins. Using the homologous expression system under the control of a glucoamylase promoter, some kinds of cellulases of T. cellulolyticus can be expressed by T. cellulolyticus. On the other hand, hyperthermophilic cellulase has been expected to be useful in the industrial applications to biomass. The hyperthermophilic archaea Pyrococcus horikoshii and P. furiosus have GH family 5 and 12 hyperthermophilic endocellulase, respectively. The two kinds of hyperthermophilic endocellulases were successfully produced by T. cellulolyticus using the above expression system under the control of a glucoamylase promoter of T. cellulolyticus. These recombinant cellulases exhibited the same characteristics as those of the recombinant cellulases prepared in E. coli. The productions of the recombinant enzymes were estimated to be over 100 mg/L. In this study, we first report the overexpression of the hyperthermophilic enzymes of archaea using the fungal expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Kishishita
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishikawa
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan
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24
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Khanna R, Powe AC, Lun Y, Soska R, Feng J, Dhulipala R, Frascella M, Garcia A, Pellegrino LJ, Xu S, Brignol N, Toth MJ, Do HV, Lockhart DJ, Wustman BA, Valenzano KJ. The pharmacological chaperone AT2220 increases the specific activity and lysosomal delivery of mutant acid alpha-glucosidase, and promotes glycogen reduction in a transgenic mouse model of Pompe disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102092. [PMID: 25036864 PMCID: PMC4103853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder that results from a deficiency in acid α-glucosidase (GAA) activity due to mutations in the GAA gene. Pompe disease is characterized by accumulation of lysosomal glycogen primarily in heart and skeletal muscles, which leads to progressive muscle weakness. We have shown previously that the small molecule pharmacological chaperone AT2220 (1-deoxynojirimycin hydrochloride, duvoglustat hydrochloride) binds and stabilizes wild-type as well as multiple mutant forms of GAA, and can lead to higher cellular levels of GAA. In this study, we examined the effect of AT2220 on mutant GAA, in vitro and in vivo, with a primary focus on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retained P545L mutant form of human GAA (P545L GAA). AT2220 increased the specific activity of P545L GAA toward both natural (glycogen) and artificial substrates in vitro. Incubation with AT2220 also increased the ER export, lysosomal delivery, proteolytic processing, and stability of P545L GAA. In a new transgenic mouse model of Pompe disease that expresses human P545L on a Gaa knockout background (Tg/KO) and is characterized by reduced GAA activity and elevated glycogen levels in disease-relevant tissues, daily oral administration of AT2220 for 4 weeks resulted in significant and dose-dependent increases in mature lysosomal GAA isoforms and GAA activity in heart and skeletal muscles. Importantly, oral administration of AT2220 also resulted in significant glycogen reduction in disease-relevant tissues. Compared to daily administration, less-frequent AT2220 administration, including repeated cycles of 4 or 5 days with AT2220 followed by 3 or 2 days without drug, respectively, resulted in even greater glycogen reductions. Collectively, these data indicate that AT2220 increases the specific activity, trafficking, and lysosomal stability of P545L GAA, leads to increased levels of mature GAA in lysosomes, and promotes glycogen reduction in situ. As such, AT2220 may warrant further evaluation as a treatment for Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richie Khanna
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Allan C. Powe
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yi Lun
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Soska
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jessie Feng
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Rohini Dhulipala
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Michelle Frascella
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Anadina Garcia
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Lee J. Pellegrino
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Su Xu
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nastry Brignol
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Toth
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hung V. Do
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - David J. Lockhart
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Brandon A. Wustman
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, United States of America
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Shibuya I, Tamura G, Shima H, Ishikawa T, Hara S. Construction of anα-Amylase/Glucoamylase Fusion Gene and Its Expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 56:884-9. [PMID: 1368253 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.56.884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A fusion gene which encoded a polypeptide comprised of 1116 amino acids was constructed using the alpha-amylase and glucoamylase cDNAs of Aspergillus shirousamii. When the fusion gene was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a yeast expression plasmid under the control of the yeast ADH1 promoter, a bifunctional fusion protein (145 kDa) having both alpha-amylase and glucoamylase activities was secreted into the culture medium. The fusion protein had higher raw-starch-digesting activity than those of the original alpha-amylase and glucoamylase, and adsorbed onto raw starch like the glucoamylase. It was suggested that the characteristics are a result of the raw-starch-affinity site in the glucoamylase domain of the fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Shibuya
- Research Institute of Brewing Resources Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Shibuya I, Tamura G, Ishikawa T, Hara S. Cloning of the α-Amylase cDNA ofAspergillus shirousamiiand Its Expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 56:174-9. [PMID: 1368777 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.56.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Amylase cDNA was cloned and sequenced from Aspergillus shirousamii RIB2504. The putative protein deduced from the cDNA open reading frame (ORF) consisted of 499 amino acids with a molecular weight of 55,000. The amino acid sequence was identical to that of the ORF of the Taka-amylase A gene of Aspergillus oryzae, while the nucleotide sequence was different at two and six positions in the cDNA ORF and 3' non-coding regions, respectively, so far determined. The alpha-amylase cDNA was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the yeast ADH1 promoter using a YEp-type plasmid, pYcDE1. The cDNA of glucoamylase, which was previously cloned from the same organism, was also expressed under the same conditions. Consequently, active alpha-amylase and glucoamylase were efficiently secreted into the culture medium. The amino acid sequence of the N-terminal regions of these enzymes purified from the yeast culture medium confirmed that the signal sequences of these enzymes were cleaved off at the same positions as those of the native enzymes of A. shirousamii.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Shibuya
- Research Institute of Brewing Resources Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Ishida H, Hata Y, Kawato A, Abe Y. Improvement of theglaBPromoter Expressed in Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) ofAspergillus oryzae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:1181-7. [PMID: 16717420 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The glucoamylase-encoding gene (glaB) promoter should be very useful for recombinant protein production in solid-state fermentation (SSF) of Aspergillus oryzae. A 97-bp fragment containing the cis-element of the glaB promoter was inserted into the glaA promoter, which was little expressed in SSF. The chimeric promoter showed about a 24-fold increase in promoter activity in SSF. Eight copies of the 97-bp fragment were tandemly fused with the glaB promoter. The improved promoter showed about a 4.6-fold increase in promoter activity in SSF. The glaB gene was overexpressed under control of the improved glaB promoter in SSF. Recombinant glucoamylase production reached about 1524 mg/kg-broth for 2 d. The improved glaB promoter should be very useful for overproduction of a recombinant protein in SSF of A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishida
- Research Institute, Gekkeikan Sake Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan.
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Sato F, Okuyama M, Nakai H, Mori H, Kimura A, Chiba S. Glucoamylase Originating fromSchwanniomyces occidentalisIs a Typical α-Glucosidase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 69:1905-13. [PMID: 16244441 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.69.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A starch-hydrolyzing enzyme from Schwanniomyces occidentalis has been reported to be a novel glucoamylase, but there is no conclusive proof that it is glucoamylase. An enzyme having the hydrolytic activity toward soluble starch was purified from a strain of S. occidentalis. The enzyme showed high catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) for maltooligosaccharides, compared with that for soluble starch. The product anomer was alpha-glucose, differing from glucoamylase as a beta-glucose producing enzyme. These findings are striking characteristics of alpha-glucosidase. The DNA encoding the enzyme was cloned and sequenced. The primary structure deduced from the nucleotide sequence was highly similar to mold, plant, and mammalian alpha-glucosidases of alpha-glucosidase family II and other glucoside hydrolase family 31 enzymes, and the two regions involved in the catalytic reaction of alpha-glucosidases were conserved. These were no similarities to the so-called glucoamylases. It was concluded that the enzyme and also S. occidentalis glucoamylase, had been already reported, were typical alpha-glucosidases, and not glucoamylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Sato
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
Aspergillus nidulans possessed 16 putative amylolytic genes consisting of 7 alpha-glucosidase (agdA-F), 7 alpha-amylase (amyA-F), and 2 glucoamylase (glaA and B) genes on the genome. Among them, the agdA, agdB, agdE, agdF, amyA, amyB, amyF, and glaB genes were induced by isomaltose. AmyR, a Zn(II)(2)Cys(6) transcription factor, was required for the induction. The isomaltose-inducible genes possessed at least one consensus sequence for AmyR binding, 5'-CGGN(8)CGG, on each promoter region. None of the amylolytic genes was induced by maltose. The mRNA levels of the amylolytic genes except for agdC, amyD, and amyG increased under carbon-starved conditions. Release from CreA-dependent carbon catabolite repression was the main cause of the increase, but, the mRNA levels of agdB, agdF, amyB, amyF, and glaB increased to some extent even in a creA mutant. Therefore, both CreA-dependent and -independent mechanisms are involved in the up-regulation of the amylolytic genes under carbon-starved conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan
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Park JY, Lee JY, Choi SH, Ko HM, Kim IC, Lee HB, Bai S. Construction of dextrin and isomaltose-assimilating brewer's yeasts for production of low-carbohydrate beer. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1693-9. [PMID: 24737083 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Most Saccharomyces spp. cannot degrade or ferment dextrin, which is the second most abundant carbohydrate in wort for commercial beer production. Dextrin-degrading brewer's bottom and top yeasts expressing the glucoamylase gene (GAM1) from Debaryomyces occidentalis were developed to produce low-carbohydrate (calorie) beers. GAM1 was constitutively expressed in brewer's yeasts using a rDNA-integration system that contained yeast CUP1 gene coding for copper resistance as a selective marker. The recombinants secreted active glucoamylase, displaying both α-1,4- and α-1,6-debranching activities, that degraded dextrin and isomaltose and consequently grew using them as sole carbon source. One of the recombinant strains expressing GAM1 hydrolyzed 96 % of 2 % (w/v) dextrin and 98 % of 2 % (w/v) isomaltose within 5 days of growth. Growth, substrate assimilation, and enzyme activity of these strains were characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yeong Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, South Korea
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Surzhik MA, Shmidt AE, Glazunov EA, Firsov DL, Petukhov MG. [Introduction of additional thiol groups into glucoamylase in Aspergillus awamori and their effect on the thermal stability and catalytic activity of the enzyme]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2014; 50:139-146. [PMID: 25272730 DOI: 10.7868/s0555109914020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Five mutant forms of glucoamylase (GA) from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus awamori with artificial disulfide bonds (4D-G137A\A14C, 6D-A14C\Y419C\G137A, 10D-V13C\G396C, 11D-V13C\G396C\A14C\Y419C\G137A, and 20D-G137A\A246C\A14C) were constructed using computer simulation and experimentally tested for thermostability. The introduction of two additional disulfide bonds between its first and thirteenth alpha-helices and that of the loop located close to a catalytic residue--E400--made it possible to assess the effects of disulfide bridges on protein thermostability. The mutant proteins with combined amino acid substitutions G137A\A14C, V13C\G396C\A14C\Y419C\G137A, and G137A\A246C\A14C showed higher thermal stability as compared to the wild-type protein. At the same time, new disulfide bridges in the mutant A14C\Y419C\G137A and V13C\G396C proteins led to the destabilization of their structure and the loss of thermal stability.
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Martiniuk F, Reggi S, Tchou-Wong KM, Rom WN, Busconi M, Fogher C. Production of a functional human acid maltase in tobacco seeds: biochemical analysis, uptake by human GSDII cells, and in vivo studies in GAA knockout mice. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:916-26. [PMID: 23907679 PMCID: PMC4703872 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic deficiency of acid alpha glucosidase (GAA) results in glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII) or Pompe's disease. To investigate whether we could generate a functional recombinant human GAA enzyme (tobrhGAA) in tobacco seeds for future enzyme replacement therapy, we subcloned the human GAA cDNA into the plant expression plasmid-pBI101 under the control of the soybean β-conglycinin seed-specific promoter and biochemically analyzed the tobrhGAA. Tobacco seeds contain the metabolic machinery that is more compatible with mammalian glycosylation-phosphorylation and processing. We found the tobrhGAA to be enzymatically active was readily taken up by GSDII fibroblasts and in white blood cells from whole blood to reverse the defect. The tobrhGAA corrected the enzyme defect in tissues at 7 days after a single dose following intraperitoneal (IP) administration in GAA knockout (GAA(-/-)) mice. Additionally, we could purify the tobrhGAA since it bound tightly to the matrix of Sephadex G100 and can be eluted by competition with maltose. These data demonstrate indirectly that the tobrhGAA is fully functional, predominantly proteolytically cleaved and contains the minimal phosphorylation and mannose-6-phosphate residues essential for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Martiniuk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. iProDynamic Therapeutics, Inc, New York, NY 10128, USA
| | - Serena Reggi
- Plantechno Srl, Via Staffolo 60, 26041 Casalmaggiore, Italy
| | - Kam-Meng Tchou-Wong
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - William N. Rom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Matteo Busconi
- Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Via E. Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Corrado Fogher
- Plantechno Srl, Via Staffolo 60, 26041 Casalmaggiore, Italy
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Guevara-Campos J, Romeo-Villarroel MA, González-De Guevara L, Escobar V. [Two new mutations in the gene that codes for acid alpha-glucosidase in an adolescent with late-onset Pompe disease]. Rev Neurol 2013; 57:265-268. [PMID: 24008937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION. Glycogen storage disease type II, or Pompe disease, is a lysosomal disease with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Late-onset Pompe disease is a progressive metabolic myopathy caused by decreased activity of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), which gives rise to reduced degradation and later accumulation of glycogen in the lysosomes and cell cytoplasm. CASE REPORT. A 16-year-old Venezuelan male, diagnosed with late-onset glycogen storage disease type II, or Pompe disease, based on the patient's clinical picture and the biochemical findings. The patient presented unmistakable signs of muscular atrophy in the upper and lower limbs, as well as positive Gowers' sign. Levels of creatinkinase in serum were high. His functional respiratory capacity was diminished. The quantification of the enzymatic activity of acid alpha-glucosidase on filter paper did not show any significant decrease in activity. A molecular genetic analysis revealed the existence of two homozygotic mutations in the gene GAA, c.547-67C>G and c.547-39T>G, both on exon 2 of chromosome 17. According to the human genome database and the review that was undertaken, the changes detected in this patient represent new mutations in the acid alpha-glucosidase gene, GAA. This claim is in agreement with the clinical features and biochemical changes found in the patient. CONCLUSION. A molecular genetic study is mandatory in patients suspected of having this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Guevara-Campos
- Universidad de Oriente. Hospital Felipe Guevara Rojas, El Tigre-Anzoategui, Venezuela.
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Vaithanomsat P, Kosugi A, Apiwatanapiwat W, Thanapase W, Waeonukul R, Tachaapaikoon C, Pason P, Mori Y. Efficient saccharification for non-treated cassava pulp by supplementation of Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome and Thermoanaerobacter brockii β-glucosidase. Bioresour Technol 2013; 132:383-386. [PMID: 23245453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cassava pulp containing 60% starch and 20% cellulose is a promising renewable source for bioethanol. The starch granule was observed to tightly bind cellulose fiber. To achieve an efficient degradation for cassava pulp, saccharification tests without pre-gelatinization treatment were carried out using combination of commercial α-amylase with cellulosome from Clostridium thermocellum S14 and β-glucosidase (rCglT) from Thermoanaerobacter brockii. The saccharification rate for cassava pulp was shown 59% of dry matter. To obtain maximum saccharification rate, glucoamylase (GA) from C. thermocellum S14 was supplemented to the combination. The result showed gradual increase in the saccharification rate to 74% (dry matter). Supplementation of GA to the combination of commercial α-amylase, cellulosome and rCglT is powerful method for efficient saccharification of cassava pulp without pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilanee Vaithanomsat
- Nanotechnology and Biotechnology Division, Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, 50, Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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Fujimoto S, Manabe Y, Fujii D, Kozai Y, Matsuzono K, Takahashi Y, Narai H, Omori N, Adachi K, Nanba E, Nishino I, Abe K. A novel mutation of the GAA gene in a patient with adult-onset Pompe disease lacking a disease-specific pathology. Intern Med 2013; 52:2461-4. [PMID: 24190153 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.52.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a novel compound heterozygous mutation of the acid α-glucosidase (GAA) gene in a 23-year-old man with adult-onset Pompe disease. The patient was admitted for respiratory failure and a highly elevated serum level of creatine kinase (CK). His muscle pathology did not show typical vacuolated fibers; however, globular inclusion bodies with acid phosphatase (ACP) activity was observed. A molecular genetic analysis of the GAA gene revealed a novel compound heterozygous mutation, c.1544 T>A (M515K), combined with a previously reported mutation, c.1309 C>T (R437C). The presence of ACP-positive globular inclusion bodies is a useful diagnostic marker for adult-onset Pompe disease, even when typical vacuolated fibers are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Fujimoto
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Japan
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Stephen P, Cheng KC, Lyu PC. Crystal structure of circular permuted RoCBM21 (CP90): dimerisation and proximity of binding sites. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50488. [PMID: 23226294 PMCID: PMC3511584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucoamylases, containing starch-binding domains (SBD), have a wide range of scientific and industrial applications. Random mutagenesis and DNA shuffling of the gene encoding a starch-binding domain have resulted in only minor improvements in the affinities of the corresponding protein to their ligands, whereas circular permutation of the RoCBM21 substantially improved its binding affinity and selectivity towards longer-chain carbohydrates. For the study reported herein, we used a standard soluble ligand (amylose EX-I) to characterize the functional and structural aspects of circularly permuted RoCBM21 (CP90). Site-directed mutagenesis and the analysis of crystal structure reveal the dimerisation and an altered binding path, which may be responsible for improved affinity and altered selectivity of this newly created starch-binding domain. The functional and structural characterization of CP90 suggests that it has significant potential in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preyesh Stephen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chang Cheng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chiang Lyu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Systems Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Fungal amylolytic enzymes, including α-amylase, gluocoamylase and α-glucosidase, have been extensively exploited in diverse industrial applications such as high fructose syrup production, paper making, food processing and ethanol production. In this paper, amylolytic genes of 85 strains of fungi from the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota were annotated on the genomic scale according to the classification of glycoside hydrolase (GH) from the Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZy) Database. Comparisons of gene abundance in the fungi suggested that the repertoire of amylolytic genes adapted to their respective lifestyles. Amylolytic enzymes in family GH13 were divided into four distinct clades identified as heterologous α- amylases, eukaryotic α-amylases, bacterial and fungal α-amylases and GH13 α-glucosidases. Family GH15 had two branches, one for gluocoamylases, and the other with currently unknown function. GH31 α-glucosidases showed diverse branches consisting of neutral α-glucosidases, lysosomal acid α-glucosidases and a new clade phylogenetically related to the bacterial counterparts. Distribution of starch-binding domains in above fungal amylolytic enzymes was related to the enzyme source and phylogeny. Finally, likely scenarios for the evolution of amylolytic enzymes in fungi based on phylogenetic analyses were proposed. Our results provide new insights into evolutionary relationships among subgroups of fungal amylolytic enzymes and fungal evolutionary adaptation to ecological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ting Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanchun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhang HB, Zhang WM, Qiu JJ, Meng Y, Qiu ZQ. [Clinical sequelae of 17 cases with glycogen storage disease type II/Pompe disease]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2012; 50:415-419. [PMID: 22931935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze and summarize the characteristics of glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe disease) patients according to the clinical description and prognosis. METHOD Seventeen Chinese patients diagnosed by acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) enzyme activity test were reviewed. Clinical data tables were designed. Interviews were made via phone calls. Information was collected to reach the objective. RESULT Four of 17 patients diagnosed by acid alpha-glucosidase are infantile-onset, symptoms started between 2 to 6 months after birth with increased serum creatine kinase and cardiac problems, with or without respiratory concerns. Other 13 patients were later-onset cases, and their symptoms started between 2 to 22 years of age with increased serum creatine kinase. Eleven later-onset patients started with muscle weakness, 2 patients developed respiratory insufficiency, 2 patients showed scoliosis, and 1 patient expressed increased serum creatine kinase with abnormal liver function. Just 3 of the later-onset patients were treated with mechanical ventilator and adjuvant therapy, others were not. All patients' acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) enzyme activity analysis showed lower than 10% of normal. Fourteen patients were tested by muscle biopsy pathology, and 9 of them progressed to glycogen storage disease type II; 10 patients received genetic analysis, and 6 of them had two mutations which cause the disorder. Twelve of the 17 patients were interviewed successfully. In 3 of the infant-onset patients the disease resulted in death from respiratory failure, and 1 is still alive at the age of 1 year and 7 months. In 4 of 8 later-onset patients the disease resulted in death from respiratory failure between 3 to 5 years after onset of symptoms. Three of 4 survivors had increased muscle weakness, and 1 patient kept alive with ventilator without any changes. Seven of 12 interviewed patients died, the mortality rate was 58.3%. CONCLUSION Glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe disease) present differently in the clinic. Infant-onset Pompe disease is mainly characterized by generalized muscle weakness and obvious cardiac involvement. It's a dangerous disease, with high mortality rate. Later-onset Pompe disease is characterized by chronic proximal muscle weakness and respiratory insufficiency. GAA enzyme activity analysis, muscle biopsy and genetic analysis used to support the diagnosis of Pompe disease. Prognosis of the disease depends on age of onset and respiratory muscle involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-bing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing , China
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Rozhkova AM, Sereda AS, Tsurikova NV, Nurtaeva AK, Semenova MV, Rimareva LV, Rubtsova EA, Zorov IN, Sinitsyna OA, Sinitsyn AP. [Creation of a heterologous gene expression system on the basis of Aspergillus awamori recombinant strain]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2011; 47:308-317. [PMID: 21790031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A heterologous gene expression system was created in a domestic Aspergillus awamori Co-6804 strain, which is a producer of the glucoamylase gene. Vector pGa was prepared using promoter and terminator areas of the glucoamylase gene, and A. niger phytase, Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase, and Penicillium canescens xylanase genes were then cloned into pGa vector. Separation of enzyme samples using FPLC showed the amount of the recombinant proteins to be within the 0.6-14% range of total protein.
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Muraoka T, Murao K, Imachi H, Kikuchi F, Yoshimoto T, Iwama H, Hosokawa H, Nishino I, Fukuda T, Sugie H, Adachi K, Nanba E, Ishida T. Novel mutations in the gene encoding acid α-1,4-glucosidase in a patient with late-onset glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe disease) with impaired intelligence. Intern Med 2011; 50:2987-91. [PMID: 22185990 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.50.5563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 17-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital because of highly elevated serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and transaminases. On admission, the proximal muscles of the lower extremities were found to be predominantly affected, and a score of 3/5 was obtained on Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Muscular atrophy was evident and Gowers' sign was positive. His functional vital capacity (FVC) was markedly reduced. The results of the third edition of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III) indicated impairment of the patient's intelligence. Muscle biopsy showed scattered intracytoplasmic vacuoles with basophilic amorphous materials inside which were strongly stained by both periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and acid phosphatase. Biochemical analysis of the muscle tissue confirmed the diagnosis of GSDII because the glucosidase activity was 1.0 nmol/4 MU/mg/30 min (control range, 7.3 ± 2.2). Genetic analysis revealed a novel compound heterozygous missense mutation in GAA--c.1814 G >A (p.Gly605Asp) and c.1846 G >A (p.Asp616Asn) both in exon 13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomie Muraoka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan.
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Vinetskiĭ IP, Rozhkova AM, Sereda AS, Tsurikova NV, Nurtaeva AK, Semenova MV, Zorov IN, Sinitsyn AP. [Increase in glucoamylase productivity of Aspergillus awamori strain by combination of radiating mutagenesis and plasmid transformation methods]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2010; 46:685-692. [PMID: 21261079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Increase in the level of amylolytic genes activator protein encoded by amyR gene was shown to result in enhancement of glucoamylase productivity of A. awamori strain by 30%. However, the same effect equal to 30% increase can be achieved by introduction of extra copies of gla gene encoding glucoamylase. These two effects were not additive, which gave the possibility to suggest an additional limitation in the egulation mechanism of glucoamylase gene expression in Aspergillus family strains while introducing an additional copies of amyR and gla genes.
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Wang JJ, Wang ZY, Liu XF, Guo XN, He XP, Wensel PC, Zhang BR. Construction of an industrial brewing yeast strain to manufacture beer with low caloric content and improved flavor. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 20:767-774. [PMID: 20467251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the problems of high caloric content, increased maturation time and off-flavors in commercial beer manufacture arising from residual sugar, diacetyl, and acetaldehyde levels were addressed. A recombinant industrial brewing yeast strain (TQ1) was generated from T1 [Lipomyces starkeyi dextranase gene (LSD1) introduced, alpha-acetohydroxyacid synthase gene (ILV2) disrupted] by introducing Saccharomyces cerevisiae glucoamylase (SGA1) and a strong promoter PGK1 while disrupting the genes coding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2). The highest glucoamylase activity for TQ1 was 93.26 U/ml compared with host strain T1 (12.36 U/ml) and wild-type industrial yeast strain YSF5 (10.39 U/ml), respectively. European Brewery Convention (EBC) tube fermentation tests comparing the fermentation broths of TQ1 with T1 and YSF5 showed that the real extract were reduced by 15.79% and 22.47%; the main residual maltotriose concentration were reduced by 13.75% and 18.82%; the caloric content were reduced by 27.18 and 35.39 calories per 12 oz. Due to the disruption of ADH2 gene in TQ1, the off-flavor acetaldehyde concentration in the fermentation broth were 9.43% and 13.28% respectively lower than that of T1 and YSF5. No heterologous DNA sequences or drug-resistance genes were introduced into TQ1. So, the gene manipulations in this work properly solved the addressed problems in commercial beer manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jing Wang
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, BBEL, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
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Surzhik MA, Churkina SV, Shmidt AE, Shvetsov AV, Kozhina TN, Firsov DL, Firsov LM, Petukhov MG. [The effect of point amino acid substitutions in an internal alpha-helix on thermostability of Aspergillus awamori X100 glucoamylase]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2010; 46:221-227. [PMID: 20391767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Conformational flexibility of alpha-helices in glucoamylase of the fungus Aspergillus awamori was studied by molecular dynamics methods. Several amino acid substitutions (G127A, P128A, I136L, G137A, and G139A) optimizing intrinsic interactions in one of the alpha-helices (D) within the hydrophobic core of this protein were constructed and studied. It was found that these point mutations had different effects on the glucoamylase thermal inactivation constant. Unlike amino acid substitution P128A and substitutions G137A and A246C, I136L and G139A displayed a pronounced additive thermostabilizing effect.
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44
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Zheng Y, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Schwaneberg U, Ma Y. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a thermostable glucoamylase from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis MB4. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:225-33. [PMID: 20155355 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 12/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A thermostable glucoamylase (TtcGA) from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis MB4 was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The full-length gene (2112 bp) encodes a 703-amino acid polypeptide including a predicted signal peptide of 21 residues. The recombinant mature protein was partially purified to 30-fold homogeneity by heat treatment and gel filtration chromatography. The mature protein is a monomer with the molecular weight of 77 kD. The recombinant enzyme showed maximum activity at 75 degrees C and pH 5.0. It is the most thermostable bacterial glucoamylase described to date with nearly no activity loss after incubation at 75 degrees C for 6 h. TtcGA can hydrolyze both alpha-1, 4- and alpha-1, 6-glycosidic linkages in various alpha-glucans. It showed preference for maltooligosaccharides over polysaccharides with specific activity of 80 U/mg towards maltose. Kinetic studies revealed that TtcGA had the highest activity on maltooligosaccharide with four monosaccharide units. The cations Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Mg2+, and reducing agent DTT showed no obvious effects on the action of TtcGA. In contrast, the enzyme was inactivated by Zn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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45
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Christiansen C, Hachem MA, Glaring MA, Viksø-Nielsen A, Sigurskjold BW, Svensson B, Blennow A. A CBM20 low-affinity starch-binding domain from glucan, water dikinase. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:1159-63. [PMID: 19275898 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The family 20 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM20) of the Arabidopsis starch phosphorylator glucan, water dikinase 3 (GWD3) was heterologously produced and its properties were compared to the CBM20 from a fungal glucoamylase (GA). The GWD3 CBM20 has 50-fold lower affinity for cyclodextrins than that from GA. Homology modelling identified possible structural elements responsible for this weak binding of the intracellular CBM20. Differential binding of fluorescein-labelled GWD3 and GA modules to starch granules in vitro was demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and yellow fluorescent protein-tagged GWD3 CBM20 expressed in tobacco confirmed binding to starch granules in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Christiansen
- VKR Research Centre, Pro-Active Plants, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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46
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Yuan XL, van der Kaaij RM, van den Hondel CAMJJ, Punt PJ, van der Maarel MJEC, Dijkhuizen L, Ram AFJ. Aspergillus niger genome-wide analysis reveals a large number of novel alpha-glucan acting enzymes with unexpected expression profiles. Mol Genet Genomics 2008; 279:545-61. [PMID: 18320228 PMCID: PMC2413074 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-008-0332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous ascomycete Aspergillus niger is well known for its ability to produce a large variety of enzymes for the degradation of plant polysaccharide material. A major carbon and energy source for this soil fungus is starch, which can be degraded by the concerted action of α-amylase, glucoamylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, members of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 13, 15 and 31, respectively. In this study we have combined analysis of the genome sequence of A. niger CBS 513.88 with microarray experiments to identify novel enzymes from these families and to predict their physiological functions. We have identified 17 previously unknown family GH13, 15 and 31 enzymes in the A. niger genome, all of which have orthologues in other aspergilli. Only two of the newly identified enzymes, a putative α-glucosidase (AgdB) and an α-amylase (AmyC), were predicted to play a role in starch degradation. The expression of the majority of the genes identified was not induced by maltose as carbon source, and not dependent on the presence of AmyR, the transcriptional regulator for starch degrading enzymes. The possible physiological functions of the other predicted family GH13, GH15 and GH31 enzymes, including intracellular enzymes and cell wall associated proteins, in alternative α-glucan modifying processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lian Yuan
- Clusius Laboratory, Molecular Microbiology and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentations, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Microarray Department, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 318, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel M. van der Kaaij
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Cees A. M. J. J. van den Hondel
- Clusius Laboratory, Molecular Microbiology and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentations, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Punt
- TNO Quality of Life, Business Unit Food and Biotechnology Innovations, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J. E. C. van der Maarel
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
- TNO Quality of Life, Business Unit Food and Biotechnology Innovations, Rouaanstraat 27, 9723 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur F. J. Ram
- Clusius Laboratory, Molecular Microbiology and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentations, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
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Qiu JJ, Wei M, Zhang WM, Shi HP. [Clinical and molecular genetic study on two patients of the juvenile form of Pompe disease in China]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2007; 45:760-764. [PMID: 18211760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glycogen-storage disease type II (GSD II, Pompe's disease) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a functional deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) that leads to glycogen accumulation within lysosomes in most tissues. The GAA gene is located to human chromosome 17q25 and contains 20 exons, 19 of which are coding. Clinically, patients with the severe infantile form of GSD II have muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy eventually leading to death before the age of two years. Patients with the juvenile or the adult form of GSD II present with myopathy with a slow progression over several years or decades. A broad genetic heterogeneity has been described in GSD II in Europe, South Africa, USA, Japan and Korea, however, the investigation has not been performed in the patients from the mainland of China. In this study, clinical analysis and mutation detection were done on Chinese patients. METHODS Two unrelated juvenile patients with late onset GSD II (one boy, 3 years old and one girl, 9 years old) were included in the study with the informed consents. The diagnosis was confirmed by alpha-glucosidase determination in cultured fibroblasts. In addition, their clinical presentation, laboratory findings, electrophysiologic studies and muscle biopsy findings were analyzed in detail. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from fibroblasts of the probands, from peripheral blood of their parents and 50 unrelated, normal individuals. All the coding 19 exons and exon-intron boundaries of GAA were detected in the proband by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. RESULTS One patient presented decrease of muscle strength, limb-girdle hypotonia, the other patient presented reduced muscle volumes and respiratory problems. Both had increased CPK value, myopathic pattern on EMG; vacuoles on muscle biopsy, and deficiency of 1, 4-alpha-glucosidase activity. After 1 year follow up, the girl died after pneumonia at 10 years of age. One patient was found to be compound heretozygote for the novel mutation Arg702His, and the previously reported mutation Pro266Ser, which was reported in Korean population, with the late-onset phenotype. Two novel missense mutations Thr711Arg, Val723Met were found on the other patients. CONCLUSIONS Three mutations identified in the patient were new missense mutations causing late onset GSD II, which had not been reported elsewhere before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jing Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, PUMC Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Sugimoto H, Nakaura M, Kosuge Y, Imai K, Miyake H, Karita S, Tanaka A. Thermodynamic effects of disulfide bond on thermal unfolding of the starch-binding domain of Aspergillus niger glucoamylase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2007; 71:1535-41. [PMID: 17587686 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamic effects of the disulfide bond of the fragment protein of the starch-binding domain of Aspergillus niger glucoamylase was investigated by measuring the thermal unfolding of the wild-type protein and its two mutant forms, Cys3Gly/Cys98Gly and Cys3Ser/Cys98Ser. The circular dichroism spectra and the thermodynamic parameters of binding with beta-cyclodextrin at 25 degrees C suggested that the native structures of the three proteins are essentially the same. Differential scanning calorimetry of the thermal unfolding of the proteins showed that the unfolding temperature t1/2 of the two mutant proteins decreased by about 10 degrees C as compared to the wild-type protein at pH 7.0. At t1/2 of the wild-type protein (52.7 degrees C), the mutant proteins destabilized by about 10 kJ mol(-1) in terms of the Gibbs energy change. It was found that the mutant proteins were quite stabilized in terms of enthalpy, but that a higher entropy change overwhelmed the enthalpic effect, resulting in destabilization.
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49
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Feng B, Hu W, Ma BP, Wang YZ, Huang HZ, Wang SQ, Qian XH. Purification, characterization, and substrate specificity of a glucoamylase with steroidal saponin-rhamnosidase activity from Curvularia lunata. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:1329-38. [PMID: 17823796 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 07/08/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been previously reported that a glucoamylase from Curvularia lunata is able to hydrolyze the terminal 1,2-linked rhamnosyl residues of sugar chains at C-3 position of steroidal saponins. In this work, the enzyme was isolated and identified after isolation and purification by column chromatography including gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Analysis of protein fragments by MALDI-TOF/TOF proteomics Analyzer indicated the enzyme to be 1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucohydrolase EC 3.2.1.3, GA and had considerable homology with the glucoamylase from Aspergillus oryzae. We first found that the glucoamylase was produced from C. lunata and was able to hydrolyze the terminal rhamnosyl of steroidal saponins. The enzyme had the general character of glucoamylase, which hydrolyze starch. It had a molecular mass of 66 kDa and was optimally active at 50 degrees C, pH 4, and specific activity of 12.34 U mg of total protein(-1) under the conditions, using diosgenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (compound II) as the substrate. Furthermore, four kinds of commercial glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger were investigated in this work, and they had the similar activity in hydrolyzing terminal rhamnosyl residues of steroidal saponin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Feng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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50
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Abstract
Genotyping was carried out for glycogen storage disease type II and type V in seven cattle breeds. The analysis was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) method. In the breeds analysed [Charolais, Czech Spotted (Czech Simmental), Belgian Blue, Limousine, Blonde d'Aquitaine, Aberdeen Angus, and Beef Simmental sires reared in the Czech Republic], the recessive allele was not found in the PYGM (phosphorylase glycogen, muscle) responsible for the glycogen storage disease type V. In the same panel, the recessive allele in exon 7, exon 9 and exon 13 of the GAA (glucosidase alpha, acid), causing the glycogen storage disease type II was not found. Therefore, we have not revealed the recessives outside previous reported breeds. The knowledge of the breed-specific occurrence of inherited disorders facilitates focusing and reduces the costs of detecting the heterozygous carriers of recessive inherited disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cítek
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, University of South Bohemia, Studentska 13, 370 05 Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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