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Construction of a llama bacterial artificial chromosome library with approximately 9-fold genome equivalent coverage. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:371414. [PMID: 22811594 PMCID: PMC3395300 DOI: 10.1155/2012/371414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ilama is an important agricultural livestock in much of South America. The llama is increasing in popularity in the United States as a companion animal. Little work has been done to improve llama production using modern technology. A paucity of information is available regarding the llama genome. We report the construction of a llama bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of about 196,224 clones in the vector pECBAC1. Using flow cytometry and bovine, human, mouse, and chicken as controls, we determined the llama genome size to be 2.4 × 109 bp. The average insert size of the library is 137.8 kb corresponding to approximately 9-fold genome coverage. Further studies are needed to further characterize the library and llama genome. We anticipate that this new library will help facilitate future genomic studies in the llama.
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Kukekova AV, Vorobieva NV, Beklemisheva VR, Johnson JL, Temnykh SV, Yudkin DV, Trut LN, Andre C, Galibert F, Aguirre GD, Acland GM, Graphodatsky AS. Chromosomal mapping of canine-derived BAC clones to the red fox and American mink genomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 100 Suppl 1:S42-53. [PMID: 19546120 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esp037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
High-quality sequencing of the dog (Canis lupus familiaris) genome has enabled enormous progress in genetic mapping of canine phenotypic variation. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes), another canid species, also exhibits a wide range of variation in coat color, morphology, and behavior. Although the fox genome has not yet been sequenced, canine genomic resources have been used to construct a meiotic linkage map of the red fox genome and begin genetic mapping in foxes. However, a more detailed gene-specific comparative map between the dog and fox genomes is required to establish gene order within homologous regions of dog and fox chromosomes and to refine breakpoints between homologous chromosomes of the 2 species. In the current study, we tested whether canine-derived gene-containing bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones can be routinely used to build a gene-specific map of the red fox genome. Forty canine BAC clones were mapped to the red fox genome by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Each clone was uniquely assigned to a single fox chromosome, and the locations of 38 clones agreed with cytogenetic predictions. These results clearly demonstrate the utility of FISH mapping for construction of a whole-genome gene-specific map of the red fox. The further possibility of using canine BAC clones to map genes in the American mink (Mustela vison) genome was also explored. Much lower success was obtained for this more distantly related farm-bred species, although a few BAC clones were mapped to the predicted chromosomal locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Kukekova
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Chromosomal assignment of canine THADA gene to CFA 10q25. Mol Cytogenet 2008; 1:11. [PMID: 18522714 PMCID: PMC2430699 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-1-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal translocations affecting the chromosome 2p21 cluster in a 450 kb breakpoint region are frequently observed in human benign thyroid adenomas. THADA (thyroid adenoma associated) was identified as the affected gene within this breakpoint region. In contrast to man tumours of the thyroid gland of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) constitute mainly as follicular cell carcinomas, with malignant thyroid tumours being more frequent than benign thyroid adenomas. In order to elucidate if the THADA gene is also a target of chromosomal rearrangements in thyroid adenomas of the dog we have physically mapped the canine THADA gene to canine chromosome 10.A PCR was established to screen a canine genome library for a BAC clone containing the gene sequence of canine THADA. Further PCR reactions were done using the identified BAC clone as a template in order to verify the corresponding PCR product by sequencing.Canine whole blood was incubated with colcemid in order to arrest the cultured cells in metaphases. The verified BAC DNA was digoxigenin labeled and used as a probe in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Ten well spread metaphases were examined indicating a signal on canine chromosome 10 on both chromatids. A detailed fine mapping was performed indicating the canine THADA gene locus on the q-arm of chromosome 10. RESULTS The canine THADA gene locus was mapped on chromosome 10q25. Our mapping results obtained in this study following the previously described nomenclature for the canine karyotype. CONCLUSION We analysed whether the THADA gene locus is a hotspot of canine chromosomal rearrangements in canine neoplastic lesions of the thyroid and in addition might play a role as a candidate gene for a possible malignant transformation of canine thyroid adenomas. Although the available cytogenetic data of canine thyroid adenomas are still insufficient the chromosomal region to which the canine THADA has been mapped seems to be no hotspot of chromosomal aberrations seen in canine thyroid adenomas.
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Skorczyk A, Stachowiak M, Szczerbal I, Klukowska-Roetzler J, Schelling C, Dolf G, Switonski M. Polymorphism and chromosomal location of the MC4R (melanocortin-4 receptor) gene in the dog and red fox. Gene 2007; 392:247-52. [PMID: 17306938 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is expressed in the hypothalamus and regulates energy intake and body weight. In silico screening of the canine chromosome 1 sequence and a comparison with the porcine MC4R sequence by BLAST were performed. The nucleotide sequence of the whole coding region and 3'- and 5'-flanking regions of the dog (1214 bp) and red fox (1177 bp) MC4R gene was established and high conservation of the nucleotide sequences was revealed (99%). Five sets of PCR primers were designed and a search for polymorphism was performed by the SSCP technique in a group of 31 dogs representing nineteen breeds and 35 farm red foxes. Sequencing of DNA fragments, representing the identified SSCP patterns, revealed three single nucleotide polymorphisms (including a missense one) in dogs and four silent SNPs in red foxes. An average SNP frequency was approx. 1/400 bp in the dog and 1/300 bp in the red fox. We mapped the MC4R gene by FISH to the canine chromosome 1 (CFA1q1.1) and to the red fox chromosome 5 (VVU5p1.2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skorczyk
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Agricultural University of Poznan, Poland
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Szczerbal I, Klukowska-Roetzler J, Dolf G, Schelling C, Switonski M. FISH mapping of 10 canine BAC clones harbouring genes and microsatellites in the arctic fox and the Chinese raccoon dog genomes. J Anim Breed Genet 2006; 123:337-42. [PMID: 16965407 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2006.00608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic mapping of the arctic fox and the Chinese raccoon dog were performed using a set of canine probes derived from the Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library. Altogether, 10 BAC clones containing sequences of selected genes (PAX3, HBB, ATP2A2, TECTA, PIT1, ABCA4, ESR2, TPH1, HTR2A, MAOA) and microsatellites were mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments to chromosomes of the canids studied. At present, the cytogenetic map on the arctic fox and Chinese raccoon dog consists of 45 loci each. Chromosomal localization of the BAC clones was in agreement with data obtained by earlier independent comparative chromosome painting. However, two events of telomere-to-centromere inversions were tentatively identified while compared with assignments in the dog karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Szczerbal
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznan, Poznan, Poland
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Klukowska J, Szczerbal I, Wengi-Piasecka A, Switonski M, Schelling C, Gmür A, Dolf G. Characterization and mapping of canine microsatellites isolated from BAC clones harbouring DNA sequences homologous to seven human genes. Anim Genet 2004; 35:404-7. [PMID: 15373746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human primers specific for the genes LEP, HBB, PAX3, ESR2, TPH1, ABCA4 and ATP2A2 were used to identify clones in a canine BAC library. Subcloning of the positive BACs in plasmids, screening with microsatellite motifs and subsequent sequencing allowed for the identification of eight novel microsatellites. The presence of the gene of interest was confirmed by sequencing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products amplified in the positive BACs. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using the positive BACs as probes allowed for the chromosomal localization of the insert DNAs in two canid species, dog (Canis familiaris) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes). The use of gene-associated microsatellites may accelerate the identification of candidate genes for phenotypic traits in linkage studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Klukowska
- Institute of Animal Genetics, Nutrition and Housing, University of Berne, Vetsuisse-Faculty Bern, Switzerland.
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Schelling C, Billault A, Colomb B, Pineroli B, Guziewicz K, Piasecka A, Gmur A, Klukowska J, Gaillard C, Stranzinger G, Dolf G. Characterization and applications of an expanded canine BAC library with fourfold genome coverage. J Anim Breed Genet 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2004.00473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Richter A, Murua Escobar H, Günther K, Meyer B, Winkler S, Dolf G, Schelling C, Nolte I, Bullerdiek J. The canine NRAS gene maps to CFA 17. Anim Genet 2004; 35:355-6. [PMID: 15265085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Richter
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Winkler S, Murua Escobar H, Günther K, Richter A, Dolf G, Schelling C, Bullerdiek J, Nolte I. The canine KRAS2 gene maps to chromosome 22. Anim Genet 2004; 35:350-1. [PMID: 15265080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Winkler
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Murua Escobar H, Meyer J, Winkler S, Schelling C, Dolf G, Nolte I, Bullerdiek J. The protein kinase B, gamma (AKT3) gene maps to canine chromosome 7. Anim Genet 2004; 35:354-5. [PMID: 15265084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Murua Escobar
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse ZHG, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Klukowska J, Szczerbal I, Rickli O, Switonski M, Dolf G, Schelling C. Seven bacterial artificial chromosome-derived canine microsatellite-linking physical and genetic maps. Anim Genet 2004; 35:252-3. [PMID: 15147405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Klukowska
- Institute of Animal Genetics, Nutrition and Housing, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
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Klukowska J, Szczerbal I, Wengi-Piasecka A, Switonski M, Schelling C, Gmür A, Dolf G. Identification of two polymorphic microsatellites in a canine BAC clone harbouring a putative canine MAOA gene. Anim Genet 2004; 35:75-6. [PMID: 14731240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2003.01081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Klukowska
- Institute of Animal Genetics, Nutrition and Housing, University of Berne, Switzerland.
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Szczerbal I, Rogalska-Niznik N, Klukowska J, Schelling C, Dolf G, Switonski M. Comparative chromosomal localization of the canine-derived BAC clones containing LEP and IGF1 genes in four species of the family Canidae. Cytogenet Genome Res 2004; 102:264-6. [PMID: 14970714 DOI: 10.1159/000075760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2003] [Accepted: 07/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present report we show the chromosomal localization of two BAC clones, carrying the leptin (LEP) and insuline-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) genes, respectively, in four species belonging to the family Canidae: the dog, red fox, arctic fox and the Chinese raccoon dog. The assignments are in agreement with earlier data obtained from comparative chromosome painting for the dog, red fox and arctic fox.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Szczerbal
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznan, Poznan, Poland
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Truong A, Bogatcheva NV, Schelling C, Dolf G, Agoulnik AI. Isolation and expression analysis of the canine insulin-like factor 3 gene. Biol Reprod 2003; 69:1658-64. [PMID: 12890727 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.019166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3 or relaxin-like factor) is a hormone produced mainly in gonadal tissues in males and females. Deletion of INSL3 or its receptor in male mice leads to the undescended testes, or cryptorchidism. Here we describe an isolation and analysis of full-length canine INSL3 gene. The INSL3 gene is composed of two exons within a small genomic region. Putative translation of the isolated cDNA yields 132 amino acid preproINSL3 that has the domain structure characteristic for the insulin-relaxin peptide superfamily with a well-conserved receptor-binding domain. Northern blot hybridization showed stronger expression of INSL3 in testis than in ovary. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of the INSL3 expression revealed a minor splice variant of INSL3 potentially encoding 105 amino acids peptide. We established that the medium, conditioned with recombinant canine INSL3, produced from the full-length cDNA, but not from the minor splice variant, activated human GREAT/LGR8 receptor in vitro. In addition to the functional allele of INSL3, genomic DNA of one of the analyzed dogs contained an intronless nonexpressed pseudogene of INSL3. We isolated canine INSL3 promoter and showed that its activity was strongly mediated by steroidogenic factor-1 in vitro. Using site-specific mutagenesis, we identified a well-conserved steroidogenic factor-1 binding site within canine INSL3 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Truong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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