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Cervellini M, Di Musciano M, Zannini P, Fattorini S, Jiménez‐Alfaro B, Agrillo E, Attorre F, Angelini P, Beierkuhnlein C, Casella L, Field R, Fischer J, Genovesi P, Hoffmann S, Irl SDH, Nascimbene J, Rocchini D, Steinbauer M, Vetaas OR, Chiarucci A. Diversity of European habitat types is correlated with geography more than climate and human pressure. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:18111-18124. [PMID: 35003661 PMCID: PMC8717275 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat richness, that is, the diversity of ecosystem types, is a complex, spatially explicit aspect of biodiversity, which is affected by bioclimatic, geographic, and anthropogenic variables. The distribution of habitat types is a key component for understanding broad-scale biodiversity and for developing conservation strategies. We used data on the distribution of European Union (EU) habitats to answer the following questions: (i) how do bioclimatic, geographic, and anthropogenic variables affect habitat richness? (ii) Which of those factors is the most important? (iii) How do interactions among these variables influence habitat richness and which combinations produce the strongest interactions? The distribution maps of 222 terrestrial habitat types as defined by the Natura 2000 network were used to calculate habitat richness for the 10 km × 10 km EU grid map. We then investigated how environmental variables affect habitat richness, using generalized linear models, generalized additive models, and boosted regression trees. The main factors associated with habitat richness were geographic variables, with negative relationships observed for both latitude and longitude, and a positive relationship for terrain ruggedness. Bioclimatic variables played a secondary role, with habitat richness increasing slightly with annual mean temperature and overall annual precipitation. We also found an interaction between anthropogenic variables, with the combination of increased landscape fragmentation and increased population density strongly decreasing habitat richness. This is the first attempt to disentangle spatial patterns of habitat richness at the continental scale, as a key tool for protecting biodiversity. The number of European habitats is related to geography more than climate and human pressure, reflecting a major component of biogeographical patterns similar to the drivers observed at the species level. The interaction between anthropogenic variables highlights the need for coordinated, continental-scale management plans for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cervellini
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Michele Di Musciano
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L’AquilaL’AquilaItaly
| | - Piero Zannini
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Simone Fattorini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L’AquilaL’AquilaItaly
| | | | - Emiliano Agrillo
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA)RomeItaly
| | - Fabio Attorre
- Department of Environmental BiologySapienza University of RomeRomaItaly
| | | | - Carl Beierkuhnlein
- Biogeography, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Geographical Institute Bayreuth (GIB)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Laura Casella
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA)RomeItaly
| | - Richard Field
- School of GeographyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Jan‐Christopher Fischer
- Biogeography, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Geographical Institute Bayreuth (GIB)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
- School of Earth SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Piero Genovesi
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA)RomeItaly
| | - Samuel Hoffmann
- Biogeography, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Geographical Institute Bayreuth (GIB)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Severin D. H. Irl
- Biogeography and Biodiversity Lab, Institute of Physical GeographyGoethe‐UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Juri Nascimbene
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Duccio Rocchini
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrahaCzech Republic
| | - Manuel Steinbauer
- Sport Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) & Department of Sport ScienceUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Ole R. Vetaas
- Department of GeographyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Alessandro Chiarucci
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
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Latombe G, Richardson DM, Pyšek P, Kučera T, Hui C. Drivers of species turnover vary with species commonness for native and alien plants with different residence times. Ecology 2018; 99:2763-2775. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Latombe
- Department of Mathematical Sciences Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Matieland 7600 South Africa
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Matieland 7600 South Africa
| | - David M. Richardson
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Matieland 7600 South Africa
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology The Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany CZ‐252 43 Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 CZ‐128 44 Praha2 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kučera
- Department of Ecosystem Biology Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Branišovská 1760, CZ‐370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Cang Hui
- Department of Mathematical Sciences Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Matieland 7600 South Africa
- Theoretical Ecology Group African Institute for Mathematical Sciences Cape Town 7945 South Africa
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Iacona G, Price FD, Armsworth PR. Predicting the presence and cover of management relevant invasive plant species on protected areas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 166:537-543. [PMID: 26599567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species are a management concern on protected areas worldwide. Conservation managers need to predict infestations of invasive plants they aim to treat if they want to plan for long term management. Many studies predict the presence of invasive species, but predictions of cover are more relevant for management. Here we examined how predictors of invasive plant presence and cover differ across species that vary in their management priority. To do so, we used data on management effort and cover of invasive plant species on central Florida protected areas. Using a zero-inflated multiple regression framework, we showed that protected area features can predict the presence and cover of the focal species but the same features rarely explain both. There were several predictors of either presence or cover that were important across multiple species. Protected areas with three days of frost per year or fewer were more likely to have occurrences of four of the six focal species. When invasive plants were present, their proportional cover was greater on small preserves for all species, and varied with surrounding household density for three species. None of the predictive features were clearly related to whether species were prioritized for management or not. Our results suggest that predictors of cover and presence can differ both within and across species but do not covary with management priority. We conclude that conservation managers need to select predictors of invasion with care as species identity can determine the relationship between predictors of presence and the more management relevant predictors of cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenllian Iacona
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Franklin D Price
- Florida Natural Areas Inventory, 1018 Thomasville Road, Suite 200-C, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA.
| | - Paul R Armsworth
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Travassos-De-Britto B, Rocha PLBD. Habitat amount, habitat heterogeneity, and their effects on arthropod species diversity. ECOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/20-3-3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Iacona GD, Price FD, Armsworth PR. Predicting the invadedness of protected areas. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenllian D. Iacona
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; 569 Dabney Hall Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Franklin D. Price
- Florida Natural Areas Inventory; 1018 Thomasville Road Suite 200-C Tallahassee FL 32303 USA
| | - Paul R. Armsworth
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; 569 Dabney Hall Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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Cizek O, Vrba P, Benes J, Hrazsky Z, Koptik J, Kucera T, Marhoul P, Zamecnik J, Konvicka M. Conservation potential of abandoned military areas matches that of established reserves: plants and butterflies in the Czech Republic. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53124. [PMID: 23326388 PMCID: PMC3541396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Military training generates frequent and irregular disturbance followed by succession, resulting in fine-scaled mosaics of ecological conditions in military training areas (MTAs). The awareness that MTAs may represent important biodiversity sanctuaries is increasing recently. Concurrently, changes in military doctrine are leading to abandonment of many MTAs, which are being brought under civilian administration and opened for development. We surveyed vascular plants in 43 and butterflies in 41 MTAs in the Czech Republic and compared the records with plants and butterfly records from 301 and 125 nature reserves, respectively. After controlling for effects of area, geography, and climate, we found that plant species richness was equal in the two land use categories; butterfly richness was higher in MTAs; reserves hosted more endangered plants and more endangered butterflies. Ordination analyses, again controlled for potential nuisance effects, showed that MTAs and reserves differed also in species composition. While specialist species of nationally rarest habitat types inclined towards the reserves, MTAs hosted a high representation of endangered species depending on either disturbed ground, or successionaly transient conditions. These patterns reflect the history of the national nature reserves network, and the disturbance-succession dynamics within MTAs. The conservation value of formerly army-used lands is increasingly threatened by abandonment, and conservationists should support either alternative uses mimicking army activities, or sustainable management regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldrich Cizek
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Hutur NGO, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vrba
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biological Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Benes
- Biological Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zaboj Hrazsky
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Daphne CR – Institut Aplikovane Ekologie, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Koptik
- Daphne CR – Institut Aplikovane Ekologie, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Marhoul
- Daphne CR – Institut Aplikovane Ekologie, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Konvicka
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biological Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Hui C, Richardson DM, Pyšek P, Le Roux JJ, Kučera T, Jarošík V. Increasing functional modularity with residence time in the co-distribution of native and introduced vascular plants. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2454. [PMID: 24045305 PMCID: PMC3791474 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Species gain membership of regional assemblages by passing through multiple ecological and environmental filters. To capture the potential trajectory of structural changes in regional meta-communities driven by biological invasions, one can categorize species pools into assemblages of different residence times. Older assemblages, having passed through more environmental filters, should become more functionally ordered and structured. Here we calculate the level of compartmentalization (modularity) for three different-aged assemblages (neophytes, introduced after 1500 AD; archaeophytes, introduced before 1500 AD, and natives), including 2,054 species of vascular plants in 302 reserves in central Europe. Older assemblages are more compartmentalized than younger ones, with species composition, phylogenetic structure and habitat characteristics of the modules becoming increasingly distinctive. This sheds light on two mechanisms of how alien species are functionally incorporated into regional species pools: the settling-down hypothesis of diminishing stochasticity with residence time, and the niche-mosaic hypothesis of inlaid neutral modules in regional meta-communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - David M. Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes J. Le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Tomáš Kučera
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Jarošík
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic
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Alien plant species and factors of invasiveness of anthropogenic vegetation in the Northwestern Balkans — a phytosociological approach. Open Life Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-012-0049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe studied the anthropogenic vegetation of the Northwest Balkans in order to determine its susceptibility to invasion by alien plant species. We compiled a dataset of 3089 vegetation plots sampled between 1939 and 2009, recording a set of variables for each sample plot in order to determine which factors have the most effect on a habitat’s vulnerability to invaders. We calculated the proportion of native species, archaeophytes and neophytes for each plot. We used regression tree models to determine the site conditions of the most invaded anthropogenic habitats. The sample plots contained an average of 12.7% alien plant species, with a low proportion of archaeophytes (4.3%) and 8.4% neophytes. Local habitat conditions proved to have the largest effect, rather than climatic variables or propagule pressure. The proportion of archaeophytes follows a different pattern than that seen in central and northern Europe, indicating that macroecological factors are more important. Neophytes show a similar distribution to other European locations.
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Aistova EV. Alien flora in Amur Region (historical pattern of formation and research). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s2075111712020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Steinmann K, Eggenberg S, Wohlgemuth T, Linder H, Zimmermann N. Niches and noise—Disentangling habitat diversity and area effect on species diversity. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Essl F, Milasowszky N, Dirnböck T. Plant invasions in temperate forests: Resistance or ephemeral phenomenon? Basic Appl Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Kadlec T, Kotela M, Novák I, Konvička M, Jarošík V. Effect of land use and climate on the diversity of moth guilds with different habitat specialization. COMMUNITY ECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/comec.10.2009.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Denslow JS, Space JC, Thomas PA. Invasive Exotic Plants in the Tropical Pacific Islands: Patterns of Diversity. Biotropica 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhao S, Fang J. Patterns of species richness for vascular plants in China's nature reserves. DIVERS DISTRIB 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Pyšek P, Jarošík V, Chytrý M, Kropáč Z, Tichý L, Wild J. ALIEN PLANTS IN TEMPERATE WEED COMMUNITIES: PREHISTORIC AND RECENT INVADERS OCCUPY DIFFERENT HABITATS. Ecology 2005. [DOI: 10.1890/04-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ohlemüller R, Bannister P, Dickinson K, Walker S, Anderson B, Wilson J. Correlates of vascular plant species richness in fragmented indigenous forests: assessing the role of local and regional factors. COMMUNITY ECOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1556/comec.5.2004.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pysek A, PysEk P, Jarosik V, Hajek M, Wild J. Diversity of native and alien plant species on rubbish dumps: effects of dump age, environmental factors and toxicity. DIVERS DISTRIB 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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