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Sabo SS, Converti A, Ichiwaki S, Oliveira RP. Bacteriocin production by Lactobacillus plantarum ST16Pa in supplemented whey powder formulations. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:87-99. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Juturu V, Wu JC. Microbial production of bacteriocins: Latest research development and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2187-2200. [PMID: 30385277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are low molecular weight peptides secreted by the predator bacterial cells to kill sensitive cells present in the same ecosystem competing for food and other nutrients. Exceptionally few bacteriocins along with their native antibacterial property also exhibit additional anti-viral and anti-fungal properties. Bacteriocins are generally produced by Gm+, Gm- and archaea bacteria. Bacteriocins from Gm + bacteria especially from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been thoroughly investigated considering their great biosafety and broad industrial applications. LAB expressing bacteriocins were isolated from fermented milk and milk products, rumen of animals and soil using deferred antagonism assay. Nisin is the only bacteriocin that has got FDA approval for application as a food preservative, which is produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis. Its crystal structure explains that its antimicrobial properties are due to the binding of NH2 terminal to lipid II molecule inhibiting the peptidoglycan synthesis and carboxy terminal forming pores in bacterial cell membrane leading to cell lysis. The hinge region connecting NH2 and carboxy terminus has been mutated to generate mutant variants with higher antimicrobial activity. In a 50 ton fermentation of the mutant strain 3807 derived from L. lactis subsp. lactis ATCC 11454, 9,960 IU/mL of nisin was produced. Currently, high purity of nisin (>99%) is very expensive and hardly commercially available. Development of more advanced tools for cost-effective separation and purification of nisin would be commercially attractive. Chemical synthesis and heterologous expression of bacteriocins ended in low yields of pure proteins. At present, bacteriocins are almost solely applied in food industries, but they have a great potential to be used in other fields such as feeds, organic fertilizers, environmental protection and personal care products. The future of bacteriocins is largely dependent on getting FDA approval for use of other bacteriocins in addition to nisin to promote the research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeresh Juturu
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore
| | - Jin Chuan Wu
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore.
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Innovative approaches to nisin production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6299-6307. [PMID: 29850958 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis that has been approved by the Food Drug Administration for utilization as a GRAS status food additive. Nisin can inhibit spore germination and demonstrates antimicrobial activity against Listeria, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, and Bacillus species. Under some circumstances, it plays an immune modulator role and has a selective cytotoxic effect against cancer cells, although it is notable that the high production cost of nisin-a result of the low nisin production yield of producer strains-is an important factor restricting intensive use. In recent years, production of nisin has been significantly improved through genetic modifications to nisin producer strains and through innovative applications in the fermentation process. Recently, 15,400 IU ml-1 nisin production has been achieved in L. lactis cells following genetic modifications by eliminating the factors that negatively affect nisin biosynthesis or by increasing the cell density of the producing strains in the fermentation medium. In this review, innovative approaches related to cell and fermentation systems aimed at increasing nisin production are discussed and interpreted, with a view to increasing industrial nisin production.
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Amado IR, Fuciños C, Fajardo P, Pastrana L. Pediocin SA-1: A selective bacteriocin for controlling Listeria monocytogenes in maize silages. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8070-8080. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance by Bifidobacterium lactis in skim milk supplemented with additives. J DAIRY RES 2015; 82:350-5. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029915000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are natural compounds used as food biopreservatives instead of chemical preservatives. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bifid. lactis) was shown to produce a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) able to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes selected as an indicator microorganism. To enhance this production by the strain Bifid. lactis BL 04, skim milk (SM) was used as a fermentation medium either in the presence or in the absence of yeast extract, Tween 80 or inulin as stimulating additives, and the results in terms of bacterial growth and BLIS production were compared with those obtained in a traditional high cost complex medium such as Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS). To this purpose, all the cultivations were carried out in flasks at 200 rpm under anaerobic conditions ensured by a nitrogen flowrate of 1·0 L/min for 48 h, and BLIS production was quantified by means of a modified agar diffusion assay at low values of both temperature and concentration of List. monocytogenes. Although all these ingredients were shown to exert positive influence on BLIS production in both media, yeast extract and SM were by far the best ingredient and the best medium, respectively, allowing for a BLIS production at the late exponential phase of 2000 AU/ml.
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Vázquez JA, Rial D. Inhibition of selected bacterial growth by three hydrocarbons: mathematical evaluation of toxicity using a toxicodynamic equation. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 112:56-61. [PMID: 25048888 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The individual toxicity of different hydrocarbons (naphthalene, cyclododecane and aniline) on the growth of selected bacteria (Pseudomonas sp., Phaeobacter sp. and Leuconostoc mesenteroides) was studied by means of a toxicodynamic model combination of two sigmoid equations (logistic and Weibull). All the toxicological effects on growth parameters and kinetic properties were characterized and the global toxicity of such chemicals was evaluated. It was observed that two kinetic parameters (maximum growth and maximum growth rate) were in almost all cases influenced by the hydrocarbons studied. Aniline was less toxic than cyclododecane and naphthalene. The presented approach is a reasonable starting point for understanding and modeling complete and real assessment of chemical toxic effects on bacterial growths. The values of EC50,τ could be used for a most efficient comparison of the individual toxicity of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Vázquez
- Grupo de Reciclado e Valorización de Residuos (REVAL), Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, CP36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Diego Rial
- Grupo de Reciclado e Valorización de Residuos (REVAL), Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, CP36208 Vigo, Spain
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Rial D, Murado MA, Beiras R, Vázquez JA. Toxicity of four spill-treating agents on bacterial growth and sea urchin embryogenesis. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 104:57-62. [PMID: 24268751 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of spill-treating agents (STAs) is a topic that needs to be assessed prior to their potential application in environmental disasters. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of four commercial STAs (CytoSol, Finasol OSR 51, Agma OSD 569 and OD4000) on the growth of marine (Phaeobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp.) and terrestrial (Leuconostoc mesenteroides) bacteria, and sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) embryolarval development. In general, STA did not inhibit significantly the biomass production of the tested marine bacteria. Finasol OSR 51 and OD4000 clearly inhibited the growth of L. mesenteroides and an accurate description of the kinetics was provided by a proposed bivariate equation. For this species, a global parameter (EC50,τ) was defined to summarize the set of growth kinetics. Using this parameter Finasol OSR 51 was found to be less toxic (754μL L(-1)) than OD4000 (129μL L(-1)). For the sea urchin embryo assay, the ranking of toxicity as EC50 (μL L(-1)) was Agma OSD 569 (34.0)<CytoSol (26.3)<OD4000 (2.2)<Finasol OSR 51 (1.2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rial
- Grupo de Reciclado e Valorización de Residuos (REVAL), Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, CP 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Miguel A Murado
- Grupo de Reciclado e Valorización de Residuos (REVAL), Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, CP 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- Estación de Ciencias Mariñas de Toralla (ECIMAT - Universidade de Vigo), Illa de Toralla, CP 36331, Galicia, Spain
| | - José A Vázquez
- Grupo de Reciclado e Valorización de Residuos (REVAL), Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, CP 36208, Vigo, Spain.
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Rial D, Vázquez JA, Murado MA. Effects of three heavy metals on the bacteria growth kinetics: a bivariate model for toxicological assessment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:1095-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vázquez JA, Rodrigues AC, Fuciños P, Pastrana L, Murado MA. Bio-silage of mussel work-processing wastes by lactobacilli on semi-solid culture. J FOOD ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vázquez JA, Montemayor MI, Fraguas J, Murado MA. High production of hyaluronic and lactic acids by Streptococcus zooepidemicus in fed-batch culture using commercial and marine peptones from fishing by-products. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vázquez JA, Murado MA. Enzymatic hydrolysates from food wastewater as a source of peptones for lactic acid bacteria productions. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Aktypis A, Tychowski M, Kalantzopoulos G, Aggelis G. Studies on bacteriocin (thermophilin T) production by Streptococcus thermophilus ACA-DC 0040 in batch and fed-batch fermentation modes. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2007; 92:207-20. [PMID: 17318330 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-007-9148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Growth conditions that support bacteriocin (thermophilin T) production by Streptococcus thermophilus ACA-DC 0040 were identified. Synthesis of thermophilin T occurred during primary metabolic growth, while its specific rate of synthesis seemed to be optimal at T = 30 degrees C. Thermophilin T activity rapidly decreased in the stationary phase, especially at high growth temperature (i.e. T = 42 degrees C). In media with high content of complex nitrogen sources, high amounts of bacteriocin were detected in the growth environment, while about an 8-fold increase of thermophilin T titer and a 2-fold increase of specific synthesis rate was achieved when a fed-batch fermentation mode was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Aktypis
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece.
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Pongtharangkul T, Demirci A. Effects of fed-batch fermentation and pH profiles on nisin production in suspended-cell and biofilm reactors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 73:73-9. [PMID: 16733734 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A biofilm reactor not only shortens the lag phase of nisin production, but also enhances nisin production when combined with an appropriate pH profile. Due to the substrate inhibition that takes place at high levels of carbon source, fed-batch fermentation was proposed as a better alternative for nisin production. In this study, the combined effects of fed-batch fermentation and various pH profiles on nisin production in a biofilm reactor were evaluated. The tested pH profiles include 1) a constant pH profile at 6.8 (profile 1), 2) a constant pH profile with an autoacidification after 4 h (profile 2), and 3) a step-wise pH profile with pH adjustment every 2 h (profile 3). When profile 1 was applied, fed-batch fermentation enhanced nisin production for both suspended-cell (4,188 IU ml(-1)) and biofilm (4,314 IU ml(-1)) reactors, yielded 1.8- and 2.3-fold higher nisin titer than their respective batch fermentation. On the other hand, pH profiles that include periods of autoacidification (profiles 2 and 3) resulted in a significantly lower nisin production in fed-batch fermentation (2,494 and 1,861 IU ml(-1) for biofilm reactor using profile 2 and 3, respectively) due to toxicity of excess lactic acid produced during the fermentation. Overall, this study suggested that fed-batch fermentation can be successfully used to enhance nisin production for both suspended-cell and biofilm reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thunyarat Pongtharangkul
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Vázquez JA, González MP, Murado MA. Preliminary tests on nisin and pediocin production using waste protein sources. Factorial and kinetic studies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2006; 97:605-13. [PMID: 15913992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2004] [Revised: 01/10/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria, the object of current interest as bacteriocin producers, are microorganisms with complex requirements for peptidic sources, making them appropriate indicators for testing the suitability of formulations based on proteinaceous wastes for use as microbiological media. Different peptones obtained from visceral and fish muscle residues promoted growth of lactic acid bacteria when applied individually or in combination. Kinetic parameters and bacteriocin production were similar and, in some cases (pediocin), far superior (>500%) to those obtained with bactopeptones and commercial media specifically recommended for lactic acid bacteria growth. Visceral residues, especially when subjected to a brief process of autohydrolysis at 20 degrees C, were more efficient for bacterial growth than muscle, even when muscle was treated with pepsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (CSIC), r/Eduardo Cabello, 6. Vigo 36208, Galicia, Spain.
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Van den Berghe E, De Winter T, De Vuyst L. Enterocin A production by Enterococcus faecium FAIR-E 406 is characterised by a temperature- and pH-dependent switch-off mechanism when growth is limited due to nutrient depletion. Int J Food Microbiol 2006; 107:159-70. [PMID: 16290303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2005] [Revised: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The biokinetics of cell growth and bacteriocin production of Enterococcus faecium FAIR-E 406 was studied as a function of temperature (20-45 degrees C) and pH (5.5-8.5) using de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe medium. Growth of E. faecium FAIR-E 406 was characterized by three successive growth phases and was modelled with the mechanistic nutrient depletion model. Bacteriocin production showed primary metabolite kinetics but was limited to the early growth phase. The critical biomass for switching off bacteriocin production was dependent on medium pH and incubation temperature, and was inversely correlated with the specific bacteriocin production. Doubling the concentration of the nitrogen source as well as a step-wise pH increase shifted the bacteriocin production towards a higher switch-off cell density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Van den Berghe
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation Technology and Downstream Processing (IMDO), Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Vázquez JA, González MP, Murado MA. Stimulation of Bacteriocin Production by Dialyzed Culture Media from Different Lactic Acid Bacteria. Curr Microbiol 2005; 50:208-11. [PMID: 15902468 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-004-4415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2004] [Accepted: 11/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The cross-effects of dialyzed postincubates (with a cut-off at 1000 Da) on the biomass and bacteriocin production of six strains of lactic acid bacteria were studied, and a predominance of stimulating responses was found, the characteristics of which suggested merely nutritional effects or the presence of precursor fragments of the bacteriocins. Additionally, cluster analysis of the detected responses provides an approach to define groups of highly compatible (potential consortia) or doubtfully compatible strains of lactic acid bacteria. Such a definition, which does not claim taxonomic value, has practical interest, however, in cases (e.g., silage production) in which it is convenient to use mixed inocula including strains able to establish positive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (CSIC), r/ Eduardo Cabello, 6, Vigo-36208 Galicia, Spain.
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Vázquez JA, González MP, Murado MA. Peptones from autohydrolysed fish viscera for nisin and pediocin production. J Biotechnol 2004; 112:299-311. [PMID: 15313007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Revised: 04/19/2004] [Accepted: 04/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Various peptones obtained from hydrolysed visceral homogenates of four fishery residues showed their suitability for promoting the growth of lactic acid bacteria, micro-organisms with particularly complex requirements regarding peptidic nutrients. The assay of several treatments with two bacterial species, producers of the two main bacteriocins (nisin and pediocin) demostrated that optimum conditions only imply a brief autohydrolysis at natural pH and room temperature, with subsequent steam-flow stabilisation. Later kinetic analysis of the cultures of both bacteria in the best media provided parameters which, for production of both biomass and bacteriocins (the latter behaved in the majority of cases as a mixed metabolite), indicate comparable or superior results to those found in costly commercial media, specifically recommended for culture of lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (CSIC), 6 Vigo-36208 Galicia, Spain.
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Nicolas G, Auger I, Beaudoin M, Hallé F, Morency H, LaPointe G, Lavoie MC. Improved methods for mutacin detection and production. J Microbiol Methods 2004; 59:351-61. [PMID: 15488278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2004] [Accepted: 07/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies of mutacins have always been hampered by the difficulties in obtaining active liquid preparations of these substances. In order to be commercially produced, good mutacin yields have to be obtained, preferably in inexpensive media. The results presented here indicate that mutacins can be produced in supplemented cheese whey permeate. The influence of carbon and nitrogen supplements on mutacin production varied according to the producer strain. The use of CaCO3 as a buffer in batch cultures resulted in improved yields of mutacin in the supernatants. Antimicrobial activity assays were improve by acidification of the diluent (pH 2) and were less variable in peptone water (0.5%). The culture medium consisting of cheese whey permeate (6% w/v), yeast extract (2% w/v) and CaCO3 (1% w/v) was found to be an inexpensive medium for the efficient production of mutacins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Nicolas
- Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, G1K 7P4, Canada
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Vázquez Alvarez JA, González MP, Murado MA. Pediocin production by Pediococcus acidilactici in solid state culture on a waste medium: process simulation and experimental results. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 85:676-82. [PMID: 14966809 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The production of pediocin by Pediococcus acidilactici was comparatively studied in submerged and solid-state culture, using polyurethane foam particles soaked in commercial (MRS) and waste media with various supplements, where product concentrations were 15 times higher in MRS medium. For the solid state analysis, cultures were treated by successive compression and refilling of tubular minireactors equipped with a piston, without the need for reinoculation. This method was found to be simple, reproducible, and easily controllable, allowing culture productivity to be maintained for long periods of time without alterations in the basic properties of the system. In addition, yields were found to be superior compared to those from submerged culture. The system kinetics were modeled on the basis of widely accepted assumptions with a good fit to the experimental results and observed biomass fluctuations less evident than those predicted by the kinetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Vázquez Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (CSIC), r/ Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
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Vázquez J, Cabo M, González M, Murado M. The role of amino acids in nisin and pediocin production by two lactic acid bacteria. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2003.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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