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Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor pathway suppresses tubulointerstitial injury in renal congestion. J Hypertens 2022; 40:1935-1949. [PMID: 35983805 PMCID: PMC9451920 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased central venous pressure in congestive heart failure is responsible for renal dysfunction, which is mediated by renal venous congestion. Pericyte detachment from capillaries after renal congestion might trigger renal fibrogenesis via pericyte-myofibroblast transition (PMT). Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), which are PMT indicators, were upregulated in our recently established renal congestion model. This study was designed to determine whether inhibition of the PDGFR pathway could suppress tubulointerstitial injury after renal congestion. METHODS The inferior vena cava between the renal veins was ligated in male Sprague-Dawley rats, inducing congestion only in the left kidney. Imatinib mesylate or vehicle were injected intraperitoneally daily from 1 day before the operation. Three days after the surgery, the effect of imatinib was assessed by physiological, morphological and molecular methods. The inhibition of PDGFRs against transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1)-induced fibrosis was also tested in human pericyte cell culture. RESULTS Increased kidney weight and renal fibrosis were observed in the congested kidneys. Upstream inferior vena cava (IVC) pressure immediately increased to around 20 mmHg after IVC ligation in both the imatinib and saline groups. Although vasa recta dilatation and pericyte detachment under renal congestion were maintained, imatinib ameliorated the increased kidney weight and suppressed renal fibrosis around the vasa recta. TGFB1-induced elevation of fibrosis markers in human pericytes was suppressed by PDGFR inhibitors at the transcriptional level. CONCLUSION The activation of the PDGFR pathway after renal congestion was responsible for renal congestion-induced fibrosis. This mechanism could be a candidate therapeutic target for renoprotection against renal congestion-induced tubulointerstitial injury.
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2
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Pandi SPS, Shattock MJ, Hendry BM, Sharpe CC. Stimulated phosphorylation of ERK in mouse kidney mesangial cells is dependent upon expression of Cav3.1. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:211. [PMID: 35710406 PMCID: PMC9205043 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T-type calcium channels (TTCC) are low voltage activated channels that are widely expressed in the heart, smooth muscle and neurons. They are known to impact on cell cycle progression in cancer and smooth muscle cells and more recently, have been implicated in rat and human mesangial cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of the different isoforms of TTCC in mouse mesangial cells to establish which may be the best therapeutic target for treating mesangioproliferative kidney diseases. Methods In this study, we generated single and double knockout (SKO and DKO) clones of the TTCC isoforms CaV3.1 and CaV3.2 in mouse mesangial cells using CRISPR-cas9 gene editing. The downstream signals linked to this channel activity were studied by ERK1/2 phosphorylation assays in serum, PDGF and TGF-β1 stimulated cells. We also examined their proliferative responses in the presence of the TTCC inhibitors mibefradil and TH1177. Results We demonstrate a complete loss of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to multiple stimuli (serum, PDGF, TGF-β1) in CaV3.1 SKO clone, whereas the CaV3.2 SKO clone retained these phospho-ERK1/2 responses. Stimulated cell proliferation was not profoundly impacted in either SKO clone and both clones remained sensitive to non-selective TTCC blockers, suggesting a role for more than one TTCC isoform in cell cycle progression. Deletion of both the isoforms resulted in cell death. Conclusion This study confirms that TTCC are expressed in mouse mesangial cells and that they play a role in cell proliferation. Whereas the CaV3.1 isoform is required for stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2, the Ca V3.2 isoform is not. Our data also suggest that neither isoform is necessary for cell proliferation and that the anti-proliferative effects of mibefradil and TH1177 are not isoform-specific. These findings are consistent with data from in vivo rat mesangial proliferation Thy1 models and support the future use of genetic mouse models to test the therapeutic actions of TTCC inhibitors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-022-02844-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Priya Soundara Pandi
- Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London, Denmark Hill Campus, James Black Centre, London, SE5 9NU, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Michael J Shattock
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bruce M Hendry
- Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London, Denmark Hill Campus, James Black Centre, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Claire C Sharpe
- Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London, Denmark Hill Campus, James Black Centre, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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3
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Predictive Value of Precision-Cut Kidney Slices as an Ex Vivo Screening Platform for Therapeutics in Human Renal Fibrosis. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050459. [PMID: 32443499 PMCID: PMC7285118 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are a valuable tool in preclinical research. However, limited predictivity of human biological responses in the conventional models has stimulated the search for reliable preclinical tools that show translational robustness. Here, we used precision-cut kidney slices (PCKS) as a model of renal fibrosis and investigated its predictive capacity for screening the effects of anti-fibrotics. Murine and human PCKS were exposed to TGFβ or PDGF pathway inhibitors with established anti-fibrotic efficacy. For each treatment modality, we evaluated whether it affected: (1) culture-induced collagen type I gene expression and interstitial accumulation; (2) expression of markers of TGFβ and PDGF signaling; and (3) expression of inflammatory markers. We summarized the outcomes of published in vivo animal and human studies testing the three inhibitors in renal fibrosis, and drew a parallel to the PCKS data. We showed that the responses of murine PCKS to anti-fibrotics highly corresponded with the known in vivo responses observed in various animal models of renal fibrosis. Moreover, our results suggested that human PCKS can be used to predict drug efficacy in clinical trials. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the PCKS model is a powerful predictive tool for ex vivo screening of putative drugs for renal fibrosis.
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4
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Heldin CH, Lennartsson J, Westermark B. Involvement of platelet-derived growth factor ligands and receptors in tumorigenesis. J Intern Med 2018; 283:16-44. [PMID: 28940884 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms and their receptors have important roles during embryogenesis, particularly in the development of various mesenchymal cell types in different organs. In the adult, PDGF stimulates wound healing and regulates tissue homeostasis. However, overactivity of PDGF signalling is associated with malignancies and other diseases characterized by excessive cell proliferation, such as fibrotic conditions and atherosclerosis. In certain tumours, genetic or epigenetic alterations of the genes for PDGF ligands and receptors drive tumour cell proliferation and survival. Examples include the rare skin tumour dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance, which is driven by autocrine PDGF stimulation due to translocation of a PDGF gene, and certain gastrointestinal stromal tumours and leukaemias, which are driven by constitute activation of PDGF receptors due to point mutations and formation of fusion proteins of the receptors, respectively. Moreover, PDGF stimulates cells in tumour stroma and promotes angiogenesis as well as the development of cancer-associated fibroblasts, both of which promote tumour progression. Inhibitors of PDGF signalling may thus be of clinical usefulness in the treatment of certain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Lennartsson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Westermark
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Kameda H, Suzuki M, Takeuchi T. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor as a Therapeutic Target for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Drug Target Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117739280700200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Kameda
- Division of Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Miyuki Suzuki
- Division of Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
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6
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Liu F, Zhuang S. Role of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in Renal Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060972. [PMID: 27331812 PMCID: PMC4926504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis can be induced in different renal diseases, but ultimately progresses to end stage renal disease. Although the pathophysiologic process of renal fibrosis have not been fully elucidated, it is characterized by glomerulosclerosis and/or tubular interstitial fibrosis, and is believed to be caused by the proliferation of renal inherent cells, including glomerular epithelial cells, mesangial cells, and endothelial cells, along with defective kidney repair, renal interstitial fibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix deposition. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate a variety of cell physiological processes, including metabolism, growth, differentiation, and survival. Many studies from in vitro and animal models have provided evidence that RTKs play important roles in the pathogenic process of renal fibrosis. It is also showed that tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs) have anti-fibrotic effects in basic research and clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the evidence for involvement of specific RTKs in renal fibrosis process and the employment of TKIs as a therapeutic approach for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Takashima Y, Keino-Masu K, Yashiro H, Hara S, Suzuki T, van Kuppevelt TH, Masu M, Nagata M. Heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatases, Sulf1 and Sulf2, regulate glomerular integrity by modulating growth factor signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F395-408. [PMID: 26764203 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00445.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular integrity and functions are maintained by growth factor signaling. Heparan sulfate, the major component of glomerular extracellular matrixes, modulates growth factor signaling, but its roles in glomerular homeostasis are unknown. We investigated the roles of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatases, sulfatase (Sulf)1 and Sulf2, in glomerular homeostasis. Both Sulf1 and Sulf2 were expressed in the glomeruli of wild-type (WT) mice. Sulf1 and Sulf2 double-knockout (DKO) mice showed glomerular hypercellularity, matrix accumulation, mesangiolysis, and glomerular basement membrane irregularity. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B and PDGF receptor-β were upregulated in Sulf1 and Sulf2 DKO mice compared with WT mice. Glomeruli from Sulf1 and Sulf2 DKO mice in vitro stimulated by either PDGF-B, VEGF, or transforming growth factor-β similarly showed reduction of phospho-Akt, phospho-Erk1/2, and phospho-Smad2/3, respectively. Since glomerular lesions in Sulf1 and Sulf2 DKO mice were reminiscent of diabetic nephropathy, we examined the effects of Sulf1 and Sulf2 gene disruption in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetic WT mice showed an upregulation of glomerular Sulf1 and Sulf2 mRNA by in situ hybridization. Diabetic DKO mice showed significant increases in albuminuria and serum creatinine and an acceleration of glomerular pathology without glomerular hypertrophy; those were associated with a reduction of glomerular phospho-Akt. In conclusion, Sulf1 and Sulf2 play indispensable roles to maintain glomerular integrity and protective roles in diabetic nephropathy, probably by growth factor modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoshi Takashima
- Kidney and Vascular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuko Keino-Masu
- Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and
| | - Hiroshi Yashiro
- Kidney and Vascular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hara
- Kidney and Vascular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomo Suzuki
- Kidney and Vascular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Matrix Biochemistry, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radbout University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Masayuki Masu
- Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and
| | - Michio Nagata
- Kidney and Vascular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;
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8
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Yilmaz M, Lahoti A, O'Brien S, Nogueras-González GM, Burger J, Ferrajoli A, Borthakur G, Ravandi F, Pierce S, Jabbour E, Kantarjian H, Cortes JE. Estimated glomerular filtration rate changes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26217876 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may lead to previously unrecognized adverse events. This study evaluated the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in chronic-phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients treated with imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib. METHODS Four hundred sixty-eight newly diagnosed CP CML patients treated with TKIs were analyzed. The molecular and cytogenetic response data, creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were followed from the start of therapy to the last follow-up (median, 52 months). GFR was estimated with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. RESULTS Nineteen patients (4%) had TKI-associated AKI. Imatinib was associated with a higher incidence of AKI in comparison with dasatinib and nilotinib (P = .014). Fifty-eight patients (14%) developed CKD while they were receiving a TKI; 49 of these patients (84%) did so while they were being treated with imatinib (P < .001). Besides imatinib, age, a history of hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were also associated with the development of CKD. In patients with no CKD at the baseline, imatinib was shown to reduce GFR over time. Interestingly, imatinib did not cause a significant decline in the GFRs of patients with a history of CKD. Imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib increased the mean GFR after 3 months of treatment, and nilotinib led with the most significant increase (P < .001). AKI or CKD had no significant impact on overall cytogenetic and molecular response rates or survival. CONCLUSIONS The administration of TKIs may be safe in the setting of CKD in CP CML patients, but close monitoring is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Yilmaz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Amit Lahoti
- Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan O'Brien
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Jan Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sherry Pierce
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jorge E Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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9
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Kuai J, Mosyak L, Brooks J, Cain M, Carven GJ, Ogawa S, Ishino T, Tam M, Lavallie ER, Yang Z, Ponsel D, Rauchenberger R, Arch R, Pullen N. Characterization of binding mode of action of a blocking anti-platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B monoclonal antibody, MOR8457, reveals conformational flexibility and avidity needed for PDGF-BB to bind PDGF receptor-β. Biochemistry 2015; 54:1918-29. [PMID: 25707433 DOI: 10.1021/bi5015425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is an important mitogen and cell survival factor during development. PDGF-BB binds PDGF receptor-β (PDGFRβ) to trigger receptor dimerization and tyrosine kinase activation. We present the pharmacological and biophysical characterization of a blocking PDGF-BB monoclonal antibody, MOR8457, and contrast this to PDGFRβ. MOR8457 binds to PDGF-BB with high affinity and selectivity, and prevents PDGF-BB induced cell proliferation competitively and with high potency. The structural characterization of the MOR8457-PDGF-BB complex indicates that MOR8457 binds with a 2:1 stoichiometry, but that binding of a single MOR8457 moiety is sufficient to prevent binding to PDGFRβ. Comparison of the MOR8457-PDGF-BB structure with that of the PDGFRβ-PDGF-BB complex suggested the potential reason for this was a substantial bending and twisting of PDGF-BB in the MOR8457 structure, relative to the structures of PDGF-BB alone, bound to a PDGF-BB aptamer or PDGFRβ, which makes it nonpermissive for PDGFRβ binding. These biochemical and structural data offer insights into the permissive structure of PDGF-BB needed for agonism as well as strategies for developing specific PDGF ligand antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gregory J Carven
- ‡Scholar Rock LLC, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Shinji Ogawa
- §Pfizer Japan Inc., 3-22-7 Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo 151-8589, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Dirk Ponsel
- ∥Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Robert Arch
- ¶Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc., One Takeda Parkway, Deerfield, Illinois 60015, United States
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10
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Sohn E, Kim J, Kim CS, Jo K, Lee YM, Kim JS. Root of Polygonum cuspidatum extract reduces progression of diabetes-induced mesangial cell dysfunction via inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and interaction with its receptor in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:477. [PMID: 25495844 PMCID: PMC4364577 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Platelet-derived growth factor–BB (PDGF-BB) is highly expressed in the renal tissues of patients with diabetic nephropathy, and it plays an important role in the initiation and progression of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of root of Polygonum cuspidatum extract (PCE) on early renal glomerular proliferation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods PCE (100, 350 mg/kg/day) was administered to diabetic rats for 16 weeks. Blood glucose and albuminuria were measured. Renal histology, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression levels were also examined. Results After 16 weeks of treatment with PCE, severe hyperglycemia and albuminuria were observed in the diabetic rats. The expressions levels of α-SMA and PCNA proteins were significantly increased in the glomeruli of the diabetic rats. The expression levels of PDGF-BB and its receptor expressions were greatly increased in the glomeruli of the diabetic rats. However, PCE markedly reduced albuminuria in the diabetic rats. PCE inhibited α-SMA and PCNA up-regulation and ameliorated PDGF-BB and PEGFR-ß protein expression in the diabetic rats. In addition, the binding of PDGF-BB/PDGFR-ß was inhibited by PCE as shown by an in vitro assay. Conclusions These results suggest that PCE has an inhibitory effect on mesangial proliferation in diabetic renal tissues via the inhibition of the interaction of PDGF-BB with its receptor. PCE may have beneficial effects in preventing the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-477) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Nishioka Y, Azuma M, Kishi M, Aono Y. Targeting platelet-derived growth factor as a therapeutic approach in pulmonary fibrosis. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2014; 60:175-83. [PMID: 24190033 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.60.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and lethal lung disease characterized by the proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix. Since the prognosis of IPF is still poor, novel therapeutic modalities are strongly required. For this reason, to find molecular target for therapy of IPF is of much importance. The recent understanding of pathogenesis in IPF indicates the critical role of alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECII) and fibroblasts. Although the detailed mechanisms involved in IPF is still unclear, various profibrotic mediators which are produced by the injured AECII are thought to play a role in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis via stimulating fibroblasts. Among them, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is one of critical growth factors by stimulating the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. In this review, we discuss the role of PDGF in pulmonary fibrosis and the possibility as a therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
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12
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Church RJ, McDuffie JE, Sonee M, Otieno M, Ma JY, Liu X, Watkins PB, Harrill AH. MicroRNA-34c-3p is an early predictive biomarker for doxorubicin-induced glomerular injury progression in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00051j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased microRNA-34c-3p appeared as a novel biomarker for doxorubicin nephrotoxicity in rats; alterations showed greater specificity than and comparable sensitivity to albuminuria for early prediction of glomerular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Eric McDuffie
- Preclinical Development and Safety
- Janssen Research & Development
- LLC
- San Diego, USA
| | - Manisha Sonee
- Preclinical Development and Safety
- Janssen Research & Development
- LLC
- Spring House, USA
| | - Monicah Otieno
- Preclinical Development and Safety
- Janssen Research & Development
- LLC
- Spring House, USA
| | - Jing Ying Ma
- Preclinical Development and Safety
- Janssen Research & Development
- LLC
- San Diego, USA
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Immunology Systems Pharmacology and Biomarkers
- Janssen Research & Development
- LLC
- San Diego, USA
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13
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Wang-Rosenke Y, Khadzhynov D, Loof T, Mika A, Kawachi H, Neumayer HH, Peters H. Tyrosine kinases inhibition by Imatinib slows progression in chronic anti-thy1 glomerulosclerosis of the rat. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14:223. [PMID: 24119229 PMCID: PMC3816310 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic progressive mesangioproliferative nephropathy represents a major cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Until now, effective approaches to stop or even slow its progression are limited. We tested the effects of an inhibitor of PDGF receptor, abl and c-kit tyrosine kinases, Imatinib, in a chronic progressive model of mesangioproliferative glomerulosclerosis. Methods Anti-thy1 glomerulosclerosis was induced by injection of anti-thy1 antibody into uninephrectomized Wistar rats. One week after disease induction, according to the degree of proteinuria, animals were stratified and assigned to chronic glomerulosclerosis (cGS) and cGS plus Imatinib (10 mg/kg body weight/day). In week 20, renoprotective actions of Imatinib were analyzed by a set of functional, histological and molecular biological parameters. Results Untreated cGS rats showed elevation of systolic blood pressure and marked progression in proteinuria, renal fibrosis, cell infiltration, cell proliferation and function lost. Administration of Imatinib went along significantly with lower systolic blood pressure (−10 mmHg) and proteinuria (−33%). Imatinib administration was paralled by significant reductions in tubulointerstitial accumulation of matrix proteins (−44%), collagen I deposition (−86%), expression of TGF-beta1 (−30%), production of fibronectin (−23%), myofibroblast differentiation (−87%), macrophage infiltration (−36%) and cell proliferation (−45%), respectively. In comparison with untreated cGS animals, Imatinib therapy lowered also blood creatinine (−41%) and blood urea concentrations (−36%) and improved creatinine clearance (+25%). Glomerular fibrotic changes were lowered moderately by Imatinib. Conclusions Therapy with Imatinib limits the progressive course of chronic anti-thy1 glomerulosclerosis towards tubulointerstitial fibrosis and renal insufficiency. This was paralleled by direct and indirect sign of TGF-β1 and PDGF inhibition. The findings suggest that the pharmacological principal of inhibition of tyrosine kinases with drugs such as Imatinib might serve as approach for limiting progression of human mesangioproliferative glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrui Wang-Rosenke
- Department of Nephrology and Center of Cardiovascular Research, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin D-10117, Germany.
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14
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Analysis of activated platelet-derived growth factor β receptor and Ras-MAP kinase pathway in equine sarcoid fibroblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:283985. [PMID: 23936786 PMCID: PMC3726019 DOI: 10.1155/2013/283985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Equine sarcoids are skin tumours of fibroblastic origin affecting equids worldwide. Bovine papillomavirus type-1 (BPV-1) and, less commonly, type-2 are recognized as etiological factors of sarcoids. The transforming activity of BPV is related to the functions of its major oncoprotein E5 which binds to the platelet-derived growth factor β receptor (PDGFβR) causing its phosphorylation and activation. In this study, we demonstrate, by coimmunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, that in equine sarcoid derived cell lines PDGFβR is phosphorylated and binds downstream molecules related to Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK pathway thus resulting in Ras activation. Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase receptors inhibitor which selectively inhibits the activation of PDGFβR in the treatment of several human and animal cancers. Here we show that imatinib inhibits receptor phosphorylation, and cell viability assays demonstrate that this drug decreases sarcoid fibroblasts viability in a dose-dependent manner. This study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathology of sarcoids and paves the way to a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of this common equine skin neoplasm.
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Heldin CH. Targeting the PDGF signaling pathway in the treatment of non-malignant diseases. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2013; 9:69-79. [PMID: 23793451 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-013-9484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a family of mesenchymal mitogens with important functions during the embryonal development and in the control of tissue homeostasis in the adult. The PDGF isoforms exert their effects by binding to α-and β-tyrosine kinase receptors. Overactivity of PDGF signaling has been linked to the development of certain malignant and non-malignant diseases, including atherosclerosis and various fibrotic diseases. Different types of PDGF antagonists have been developed, including inhibitory monoclonal antibodies and DNA aptamers against PDGF isoforms and receptors, and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Beneficial effects have been recorded using such inhibitors in preclinical models and in patients with certain malignant as well as non-malignant diseases. The present communication summarizes the use of PDGF antagonists in the treatment of non-malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden,
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16
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Wallace E, Lyndon W, Chumley P, Jaimes EA, Fatima H. Dasatinib-induced nephrotic-range proteinuria. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 61:1026-31. [PMID: 23540262 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of imatinib, tyrosine kinase inhibition has been a mainstay in the treatment of many malignancies. The number of these medications is growing, as are the number of targeted tyrosine kinases. Off-target effects of these medications can have beneficial or adverse effects on the kidney. The onus of knowing the implications of these medications on kidney function, and appropriate treatment when such adverse effects occur, is on the nephrologist. We present a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia who developed nephrotic-range proteinuria after initiation on dasatinib therapy that resolved after changing therapy to imatinib. The mechanism of kidney injury caused by dasatinib has not been described previously in the literature. We provide a review of vascular endothelial growth factor and its pharmacologic inhibition as it pertains to kidney pathology and propose possible mechanisms by which dasatinib induces kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wallace
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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17
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Ulu N, Mulder GM, Vavrinec P, Landheer SW, Duman-Dalkilic B, Gurdal H, Goris M, Duin M, van Dokkum RPE, Buikema H, van Goor H, Henning RH. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor PKI-166 Governs Cardiovascular Protection without Beneficial Effects on the Kidney in Hypertensive 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 345:393-403. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.203497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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18
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Wallace E, Gewin L. Imatinib: Novel Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:694-701. [DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012080818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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19
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Iyoda M, Shibata T, Wada Y, Kuno Y, Shindo-Hirai Y, Matsumoto K, Akizawa T. Long- and short-term treatment with imatinib attenuates the development of chronic kidney disease in experimental anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 28:576-84. [PMID: 23045430 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imatinib is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can block platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor activity. Imatinib is also known as an anti-inflammatory agent. We examined the therapeutic effects of long- or short-term imatinib treatment in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats with established anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis. METHODS Nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis was induced in WKY rats on day 0. Groups of animals were given either imatinib or vehicle daily by intraperitoneal injection, from day 7 to day 49 in the long-term treatment study, and from day 7 to 13 in the short-term treatment study; all rats were sacrificed at day 50. RESULTS In long-term treatment, imatinib showed marked renoprotective effects; imatinib suppressed proteinuria, improved renal function, attenuated the development of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial injury and reduced the expression levels of collagen type I and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in renal cortex. The key finding of the present study was that short-term treatment with imatinib also significantly attenuated the development of renal injury until day 50, although the degree of renoprotection was slightly inferior to that of long-term treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that administration of imatinib is a promising strategy for limiting the progression of glomerulonephritis (GN) to end-stage renal failure. In particular, a short period of treatment at an early stage of GN is more beneficial in terms of cost-effectiveness and reduction of adverse effects in comparison to a continuous and long period of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Iyoda
- Department of Medicine, Showa UniversitySchool of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Steegmann JL, Cervantes F, le Coutre P, Porkka K, Saglio G. Off-target effects of BCR-ABL1 inhibitors and their potential long-term implications in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:2351-61. [PMID: 22616642 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.695779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), use of the BCR-ABL1-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib has greatly improved patient survival and prolonged disease remission. More than 10 years of data from imatinib clinical studies and many years of data for nilotinib and dasatinib have demonstrated that these TKIs are well tolerated in most patients with CML. However, these inhibitors are not entirely BCR-ABL1-specific, and this lack of specificity could account for the off-target effects of these drugs. Adverse events (AEs) are off-target effects that are detrimental to the patient. The underlying mechanisms that contribute to these effects are poorly understood and the long-term consequences of chronic TKI therapy remain largely unknown, particularly with the newer agents. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical data for several of the more frequent AEs associated with TKIs and discuss the therapeutic relevance of these AEs for patients with CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Steegmann
- Department of Hematology and Advanced Oncohematologic Therapies Group IIS-IP, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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ZOU LIPING, WANG WENJUAN, XU ZUDE, ZHANG NONG, JIANG TAO. Aldose reductase regulates platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation through mediating cell cycle progression in rat mesangial cells. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:409-16. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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22
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Nakagawa T, Inoue H, Sasahara M. Platelet-derived growth factor and renal disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2012; 21:80-5. [PMID: 22123208 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e32834db4d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in glomerular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence indicates a critical involvement of PDGF receptor-β (PDGFR-β) signaling in glomerular disease. Augmented signaling via PDGFR-β is involved in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Therefore, targeting PDGFR-β signaling is a viable therapeutic strategy for glomerular diseases. However, current PDGFR-β antagonists are nonspecific, and their long-term effects remain to be elucidated. To develop effective intervention therapies targeting PDGF signaling, it is necessary to clarify the specific involvement of PDGF in the pathogenesis of glomerular disease. A novel PDGFR-β targeting mouse model has provided new insight into the postnatal role of PDGFR-β in aging-related mesangial sclerosis and the glomerular remodeling after nephrectomy. Furthermore, the same study indicated the redundancy of growth factor signals underlying glomerular remodeling. In this context, other studies have suggested a role for PDGFR-α signaling and collaborating growth factors to compensate for PDGFR-β in the kidney glomerulus. SUMMARY Intervention in growth factor signaling could be a valuable therapeutic strategy for kidney glomerular diseases. Further studies are required to characterize the pathogenesis of these diseases for the successful development of such a therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizo Nakagawa
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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23
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Wallace E, Fogo AB, Schulman G. Imatinib Therapy for Non–Infection-Related Type II Cryoglobulinemia With Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 2012; 59:122-5. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Wang B, Zhang A, Zheng J, Gong J, Li S, Zeng Z, Gan W. Bufalin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced mesangial cell proliferation through mediating cell cycle progression. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:967-73. [PMID: 21719999 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bufalin, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported as a protective factor in many tumors. We therefore investigated the effect of bufalin on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation of cultured rat mesangial cells. The effect of bufalin on cell proliferation and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in cultured rat mesangial cells (MCs) by the methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)2 and CDK4 kinase assays. Bufalin inhibited 20 ng/ml PDGF-BB-induced MC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Similar results were observed in different concentrations of bufalin, which blocked PDGF-BB-induced progression through G0/G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, bufalin not only inhibited upregulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4, but also downregulation of p21 in both mRNA and protein levels. Although bufalin did not affect p27 and CDK2 mRNA expression, it reversed downregulation of p27 and upregulation of CDK2 in protein level. Activity of CDK2 and CDK4 was also inhibited by bufalin. However, both bufalin and PDGF-BB did not affect cyclin E mRNA or protein expression. These results suggest that bufalin could inhibit MC proliferation by modulating cell cycle progress, indicating that bufalin could be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, PR China
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25
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Xia Y, Zhang Y, Shi W, Liu S, Chen Y, Liang X, Ye Z. Overexpression of megsin induces mesangial cell proliferation and excretion of type IV collagen in vitro. Cell Immunol 2011; 271:413-7. [PMID: 21945418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over-expression of megsin is associated with mesangial cell (MC) proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. The underlying pathogenesis is unknown. This study demonstrate that over-expression of megsin induced incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine in MCs and PDGF-BB, TGF-β1 upregulation. Concentrations of PDGF-BB, TGF-β1 and type IV collagen in the culture medium of MCs transfected with megsin were higher than controls. Anti-PDGF-BB suppressed incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine in MCs transfected with megsin and mRNA expression of TGF-β1 in stable transformant MCs, suggesting that over-expression of megsin induces cell proliferation and ECM accumulation in MCs, upregulation of PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 is probably the main route involved in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China
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26
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Iyoda M, Shibata T, Hirai Y, Kuno Y, Akizawa T. Nilotinib attenuates renal injury and prolongs survival in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:1486-96. [PMID: 21617123 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2010111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib is beneficial in experimental renal diseases, but the effect of the new tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib on the progression of renal failure is unknown. We administered either nilotinib or vehicle to Sprague-Dawley rats beginning 2 weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) or laparotomy and continuing for 8 weeks. Serum creatinine levels were significantly lower in the nilotinib group after 6 and 8 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, nilotinib-treated rats had less proteinuria, attenuated glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage, and reduced macrophage infiltration into the tubulointerstitium. Treatment with nilotinib also significantly decreased renal cortical expression of profibrogenic genes, such as IL-1β and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, which correlated closely with the tubulointerstitial damage score and ED1-positive macrophages score. In addition, nilotinib treatment significantly prolonged survival. Taken together, these results suggest that nilotinib may limit the progression of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Iyoda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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27
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Lee JY, Chang JW, Yang WS, Kim SB, Park SK, Park JS, Lee SK. Albumin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and ER stress are regulated through a common ROS-c-Src kinase-mTOR pathway: effect of imatinib mesylate. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 300:F1214-22. [PMID: 21367918 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00710.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by urinary protein, particularly albumin, play an important role in tubulointerstitial injury. However, signaling pathways regulating both albumin-induced EMT and ER stress are not precisely known. We postulated that reactive oxygen species (ROS), c-Src kinase, and mammalian target of rapamysin (mTOR) would act as upstream signaling molecules. We further examined the effect of imatinib mesylate on these processes. All experiments were performed using HK-2 cells, a human proximal tubular cell line. Protein and mRNA expression were measured by Western blot analysis and real-time PCR, respectively. Exposure of tubular cells to albumin (5 mg/ml) for up to 5 days induced EMT in a time-dependent manner, as shown by conversion to the spindle-like morphology, loss of E-cadherin protein, and upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin mRNA and protein. Albumin also induced ER stress as evidenced by phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α and increased expression of GRP78 mRNA and protein. Albumin induced ROS, c-Src kinase, and mTOR as well. Antioxidants, c-Src kinase inhibitor (PP2), and mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) suppressed the albumin-induced EMT and ER stress. Antioxidants and PP2 inhibited the albumin-induced c-Src kinase and mTOR, respectively. Imatinib suppressed the albumin-induced EMT and ER stress via inhibition of ROS and c-Src kinase. Imatinib also inhibited the albumin-induced mRNA expression of MCP-1, VCAM-1, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and collagen I (α1). In conclusion, the ROS-c-Src kinase-mTOR pathway played a central role in the signaling pathway that linked albumin to EMT and ER stress. Imatinib might be beneficial in attenuating the albumin-induced tubular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Savikko J, Rintala JM, Rintala SE, Koskinen PK, von Willebrand E. Early short-term imatinib treatment is sufficient to prevent the development of chronic allograft nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:3026-32. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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29
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Targeting non-malignant disorders with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2011; 9:956-70. [PMID: 21119733 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases are involved in multiple proliferative signalling pathways. Imatinib, one of the first tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to be approved, revolutionized the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia, and other TKIs with different spectra of kinase inhibition are used to treat renal cell carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and colon cancer. Studies also support the potential use of TKIs as anti-proliferative agents in non-malignant disorders such as cardiac hypertrophy, and in benign-proliferative disorders including pulmonary hypertension, lung fibrosis, rheumatoid disorders, atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis and glomerulonephritis. In this Review, we provide an overview of the most recent developments--both experimental as well as clinical--regarding the therapeutic potential of TKIs in non-malignant disorders.
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Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a key determinant of the progression of renal disease irrespective of the original cause and thus can be regarded as a final common pathway that dictates eventual outcome. The development of renal fibrosis involves many cellular and molecular mediators including leukocytes, myofibroblasts, cytokines, and growth factors, as well as metalloproteinases and their endogenous inhibitors. Study of experimental and human renal disease has shown the involvement of macrophages in renal fibrosis resulting from diverse disease processes. Recent work exploring the nature of both circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages has highlighted their multifaceted phenotype and this impacts their role in renal fibrosis in vivo. In this review we outline the key players in the fibrotic response of the injured kidney and discuss the role of monocytes and macrophages in renal scarring.
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31
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Scindia YM, Deshmukh US, Bagavant H. Mesangial pathology in glomerular disease: targets for therapeutic intervention. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:1337-43. [PMID: 20828589 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The glomerulus is the filtration unit of the kidney. Disruption of glomerular function may be caused by primary glomerular pathology or secondary to systemic diseases. The mesangial, endothelial and epithelial cells of the glomerulus are involved in most pathologic processes. Animal models provide an understanding of the molecular basis of glomerular disease. These studies show that mesangial cells are critical players in the initiation and progression of disease. Therefore, modulation of mesangial cell responses offers a novel therapeutic approach. The complex architecture of the kidney, specifically the renal glomerulus, makes targeted drug delivery especially challenging. Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents reduces dose of administration and minimises unwanted side effects caused by toxicity to other tissues. The currently available modalities demonstrating the feasibility of mesangial cell targeting are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M Scindia
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22908, USA
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32
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Gafter-Gvili A, Ram R, Gafter U, Shpilberg O, Raanani P. Renal failure associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors--case report and review of the literature. Leuk Res 2009; 34:123-7. [PMID: 19640584 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (IM), nilotinib and dasatinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that have revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Data regarding the effect of TKIs on the kidney or their safety in patients with renal failure is lacking. We describe a patient with CML who developed renal failure during IM treatment which resolved upon discontinuation of the drug and was not exacerbated by the administration of nilotinib. The literature reporting on the association between TKIs and renal failure is reviewed and the postulated mechanisms including tubular dysfunction caused by the drug or tumor lysis syndrome are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Gafter-Gvili
- Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
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Kobayashi T, Furukawa Y, Kikuchi J, Ito C, Miyata Y, Muto S, Tanaka A, Kusano E. Transactivation of RON receptor tyrosine kinase by interaction with PDGF receptor beta during steady-state growth of human mesangial cells. Kidney Int 2009; 75:1173-1183. [PMID: 19242504 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well known that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) causes mesangial cell proliferation (presumably contributing to progression of glomerular disease), targeted inhibition of the PDGF receptor system has shown only limited efficacy against glomerular diseases. To examine whether this discrepancy is due to the involvement of other pathways, we used phosphorylated receptor tyrosine kinase arrays and found that RON (recepteur d'origine nantais) was phosphorylated while the PDGF receptor was dephosphorylated (thus inactive) in human mesangial cells (HMCs) at the time of cell cycle entry. Further, RON remained active during steady-state growth. Activation of RON was independent of its canonical ligand, macrophage-stimulating protein, but was mediated by transactivation from the PDGF-engaged PDGF receptor. Following stimulation with PDGF we found that the two receptors physically interacted. Knockdown of RON by siRNA increased the number of apoptotic cells without affecting the rate of DNA synthesis, suggesting that RON has anti-apoptotic functions. Immunohistochemical analysis found phosphorylated RON in glomerular lesions of patients with IgA nephropathy but not those with minimal change nephrotic syndrome, a disease not associated with mesangial proliferation. These results suggest that RON is involved in mesangial cell proliferation under both physiological and pathological conditions, and may be a relevant target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Kobayashi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan; Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Jiro Kikuchi
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ito
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yukio Miyata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Muto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eiji Kusano
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Iyoda M, Shibata T, Kawaguchi M, Yamaoka T, Akizawa T. Preventive and therapeutic effects of imatinib in Wistar-Kyoto rats with anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2009; 75:1060-70. [PMID: 19242505 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can block activity of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and that has immunomodulatory effects on various cell types. Here we measured the protective effects of imatinib in Wistar-Kyoto rats with nephrotoxic serum nephritis, a kidney disease model where CD8+ T cells and macrophages play pathogenetic roles. Groups of animals were given imatinib from one day before up to 13 days following induction of nephritis and from day 7 to 20 following disease induction. Compared to control rats, at each time point imatinib treatment caused significantly less proteinuria, lowered serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, and decreased the number of glomeruli with necrosis, crescents, and fibrin deposits. Imatinib-treated rats had a significant reduction in glomerular macrophage accumulation and reduced renal cortical PDGFR-beta and M-CSF receptor mRNA expression. Using colocalization we found that glomerular macrophages had reduced IL-1beta and MCP-1 protein expression. Late imatinib treatment significantly reduced proteinuria, serum blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine, and reversed renal histopathological changes. We show that imatinib has renoprotective and therapeutic properties and provide pre-clinical work that will need to be confirmed in patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Iyoda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Iyoda M, Hudkins KL, Becker-Herman S, Wietecha TA, Banas MC, Guo S, Meyer-Bahlburg A, Kowalewska J, Liu G, Ziegler SF, Rawlings DJ, Alpers CE. Imatinib suppresses cryoglobulinemia and secondary membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 20:68-77. [PMID: 19020005 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of c-Abl, c-Kit, and PDGF receptors. We tested the protective effects of imatinib in thymic stromal lymphopoietin transgenic mice, a model of cryoglobulinemia and associated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), in which some glomerular manifestations likely result from PDGF receptor activation. Surprising, administration of imatinib beginning at weaning suppressed production of cryoglobulin, attenuating both the renal injury and systemic features of cryoglobulinemia. Flow cytometry suggested that inhibition of B cell development in the bone marrow likely caused the reduction in cryoglobulin production. In addition, administration of imatinib to thymic stromal lymphopoietin transgenic mice with established MPGN also diminished cryoglobulin production and reversed the renal and systemic lesions. These data suggest that treatment with imatinib may be a novel therapeutic approach for cryoglobulinemia and MPGN in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Iyoda
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Avenue, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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36
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Goh SY, Jasik M, Cooper ME. Agents in development for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2008; 13:447-63. [PMID: 18764722 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.13.3.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephropathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Current treatments include optimization of glycemic and blood pressure control, but more innovative strategies are needed for the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy. OBJECTIVES To review emerging therapies for diabetic nephropathy. METHODS This paper discusses the molecular mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy and the potential therapeutic interventions. RESULTS/CONCLUSION New therapies, including those targeting the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, are likely to feature in future treatment regimens. Other approaches that at this stage do not appear to be progressing include the glycosaminoglycan sulodexide and the protein kinase C-beta (PKC-beta) inhibitor, ruboxistaurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yen Goh
- Albert Einstein Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Centre for Diabetes Complications, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Baker Medical Research Institute, PO Box 6492, St Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, Victoria, 8008, Australia
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37
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O'Meara SJ, Rodgers K, Godson C. Lipoxins: update and impact of endogenous pro-resolution lipid mediators. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 160:47-70. [PMID: 18481030 DOI: 10.1007/112_2006_0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxins (LXs) are endogenously produced eicosanoids that are typically generated by transcellular biosynthesis. These trihydroxytetraene-containing lipid mediators and their stable synthetic analogues possess a wide spectrum of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution bioactions both in vitro and in vivo. More recently, LXs have emerged as potential anti-fibrotic mediators that may influence pro-fibrotic cytokines and matrix-associated gene expression in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Here we review the biosynthesis, metabolism and bioactions of LXs and LX analogues and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J O'Meara
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and UCB Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs) have served as prototypes for growth factor and receptor tyrosine kinase function for more than 25 years. Studies of PDGFs and PDGFRs in animal development have revealed roles for PDGFR-alpha signaling in gastrulation and in the development of the cranial and cardiac neural crest, gonads, lung, intestine, skin, CNS, and skeleton. Similarly, roles for PDGFR-beta signaling have been established in blood vessel formation and early hematopoiesis. PDGF signaling is implicated in a range of diseases. Autocrine activation of PDGF signaling pathways is involved in certain gliomas, sarcomas, and leukemias. Paracrine PDGF signaling is commonly observed in epithelial cancers, where it triggers stromal recruitment and may be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, thereby affecting tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. PDGFs drive pathological mesenchymal responses in vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, pulmonary hypertension, and retinal diseases, as well as in fibrotic diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, scleroderma, glomerulosclerosis, and cardiac fibrosis. We review basic aspects of the PDGF ligands and receptors, their developmental and pathological functions, principles of their pharmacological inhibition, and results using PDGF pathway-inhibitory or stimulatory drugs in preclinical and clinical contexts.
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Venkatesan B, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Das F, Mahimainathan L, Kamat A, Kasinath BS, Abboud HE, Choudhury GG. Resveratrol inhibits PDGF receptor mitogenic signaling in mesangial cells: role of PTP1B. FASEB J 2008; 22:3469-82. [PMID: 18567737 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-109488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis is associated with overactive PDGF receptor signal transduction. We show that the phytoalexin resveratrol dose dependently inhibits PDGF-induced DNA synthesis in mesangial cells with an IC(50) of 10 microM without inducing apoptosis. Remarkably, the increased SIRT1 deacetylase activity induced by resveratrol was not necessary for this inhibitory effect. Resveratrol significantly blocked PDGF-stimulated c-Src and Akt kinase activation, resulting in reduced cyclin D1 expression and attenuated pRb phosphorylation and cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2) activity. Furthermore, resveratrol inhibited PDGFR phosphorylation at the PI 3 kinase and Grb-2 binding sites tyrosine-751 and tyrosine-716, respectively. This deficiency in PDGFR phosphorylation resulted in significant inhibition of PI 3 kinase and Erk1/2 MAPK activity. Interestingly, resveratrol increased the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B, which dephosphorylates PDGF-stimulated phosphorylation at tyrosine-751 and tyrosine-716 on PDGFR with concomitant reduction in Akt and Erk1/2 kinase activity. PTP1B significantly inhibited PDGF-induced DNA synthesis without inducing apoptosis. These results for the first time provide evidence that the stilbene resveratrol targets PTP1B to inhibit PDGFR mitogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Venkatesan
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
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40
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Kang JH, Chae YM, Park KK, Kim CH, Lee IS, Chang YC. Suppression of mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by Sp1 decoy oligodeoxynucleotide in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Biochem 2008; 103:663-74. [PMID: 17557290 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor Sp-1 is an important fibrogenic factor that is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we examined the effect of Sp1 decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on the extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression in cultured rat mesangial cells (RMC) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The ring-type Sp1 decoy ODNs significantly decreased ECM mRNA expression and Sp1 binding to the promoter region of these PDGF-induced genes in RMC. In addition, the decoy ODNs was introduced into the left renal artery of diabetic rat using the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome mediated gene transfer method and effectively delivered to the kidney. On 14 days after ring-type Sp1 decoy ODNs injection, type IV collagen, fibronectin mRNA, and protein expression were markedly decreased, and the rate of urinary creatinine excretion was reduced in the ring-type Sp1 decoy ODNs-treated diabetic rats. These results indicated that the ring-type Sp1 decoy ODNs would be superior to P-Sp1 ODNs. Also, the R-Sp1 decoy ODN when introduced in vivo, effectively reduced ECM production during the progression of nephropathy. Therefore, ring-type Sp1 decoy is a promising tool for developing new therapeutic applications for progressive diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Han Kang
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Korea
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41
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van Roeyen CRC, Eitner F, Scholl T, Boor P, Kunter U, Planque N, Gröne HJ, Bleau AM, Perbal B, Ostendorf T, Floege J. CCN3 is a novel endogenous PDGF-regulated inhibitor of glomerular cell proliferation. Kidney Int 2008; 73:86-94. [PMID: 17914348 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CCN proteins affect cell proliferation, migration, attachment, and differentiation. We identified CCN3 as a suppressed gene following platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB or -DD stimulation in a cDNA-array analysis of mesangial cells. In vitro growth-arrested mesangial cells overexpressed and secreted CCN3, whereas the addition of the recombinant protein inhibited cell growth. Induction of mesangial cell proliferation by PDGF-BB or the specific PDGF beta-receptor ligand PDGF-DD led to downregulation of CCN3 mRNA, confirming the array study. Specific PDGF alpha-receptor ligands had no effect. CCN3 protein was found in arterial smooth muscle cells, the medullary interstitium, and occasional podocytes in the healthy rat kidney. Glomerular CCN3 was low prior to mesangial proliferation but increased as glomerular cell proliferation subsided during mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (GN). Inhibition of PDGF-B in mesangioproliferative disease led to overexpression of glomerular CCN3 mRNA. CCN3 localized mostly to podocytes in human glomeruli, but this expression varied widely in different human glomerulonephritides. Glomerular cell proliferation negatively correlated with CCN3 expression in necrotizing GN. Our study identifies CCN3 as an endogenous inhibitor of mesangial cell growth and a modulator of PDGF-induced mitogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R C van Roeyen
- Department of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52057 Aachen, Germany
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42
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Floege J, Eitner F, Alpers CE. A New Look at Platelet-Derived Growth Factor in Renal Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 19:12-23. [DOI: 10.1681/asn.2007050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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43
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Kameda H, Suzuki M, Takeuchi T. Platelet-derived growth factor as a therapeutic target for systemic autoimmune diseases. Drug Target Insights 2007. [PMID: 21901078 DOI: 10.4137/dti.s0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Some systemic rheumatic diseases and disorders, especially fibrotic and vascular disorders, are often refractory to corticosteroid therapy. Recently, ever accumulating evidence suggests that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is involved in those refractory diseases. Imatinib mesylate inhibits the activation of PDGF receptor as well as c-Abl, Bcr-Abl and c-Kit tyrosine kinases. It has therefore been widely used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Imatinib effectively suppresses the activation and proliferation of fibroblasts, mesangial cells and smooth muscle cells both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, it has recently been reported that some patients with rheumatoid arthritis or idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension demonstrated a good clinical response to imatinib therapy. Imatinib may therefore overcome the limitations of current therapeutic strategy with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents for refractory diseases, such as systemic sclerosis and interstitial lung diseases, without clinical intolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Kameda
- Division of Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
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44
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Azuma M, Nishioka Y, Aono Y, Inayama M, Makino H, Kishi J, Shono M, Kinoshita K, Uehara H, Ogushi F, Izumi K, Sone S. Role of alpha1-acid glycoprotein in therapeutic antifibrotic effects of imatinib with macrolides in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:1243-50. [PMID: 17717205 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200702-178oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Imatinib is an inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor receptors. We have reported that treatment with imatinib inhibited bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. However, late treatment with imatinib had no effect. OBJECTIVES To clarify why imatinib had no antifibrotic effect when its administration was delayed, we focused on alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP), because it was reported to bind imatinib and mediate drug resistance. METHODS The concentration of AGP in serum of mice and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was measured by radial immunodiffusion testing. The effects of AGP in vitro were evaluated by assaying the growth of lung fibroblasts. We examined the combined effects of erythromycin (EM) or clarithromycin (CAM) on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Addition of AGP abrogated imatinib-mediated inhibition of the growth of fibroblasts. However, treatment with EM or CAM restored the growth-inhibitory effects of imatinib. The elevated level of AGP was detected in serum and lung homogenates in bleomycin-exposed mice and reached a plateau on Day 14. Imatinib alone did not ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis when treatment was started on Day 15, whereas coadministration of imatinib and EM or CAM significantly reduced the fibrogenesis via inhibition of the growth of fibroblasts in vivo. Serum levels of AGP were higher in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis than in healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS AGP is an important regulatory factor modulating the ability of imatinib to prevent pulmonary fibrosis in mice, and combined therapy with imatinib and EM or CAM might be useful for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoyo Azuma
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Therapeutics, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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45
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Izzedine H, Rixe O, Billemont B, Baumelou A, Deray G. Angiogenesis Inhibitor Therapies: Focus on Kidney Toxicity and Hypertension. Am J Kidney Dis 2007; 50:203-18. [PMID: 17660022 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitors that target the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) constitute an important addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of patients with metastatic disease. However, because the same growth factors are expressed in the kidneys, these treatment molecules have renal side effects. EGFR is expressed mainly in tubules (mainly distal and collecting segments) and mesangial and parietal epithelial cells. EGF is involved in maintaining tubular integrity and is a potent mitogen for cultured mesangial cells. Few cases of acute renal failure have been reported related to EGFR inhibitors. VEGF and VEGF receptors are still highly expressed in the kidney. VEGF is expressed in podocytes in the glomerulus, and VEGF receptors are present on endothelial, mesangial, and peritubular capillary cells. Signaling between endothelial cells and podocytes is essential for the proper development and maintenance of the filtration function of the kidney glomerulus. The most common renal class effects of VEGF antagonists are both manageable; hypertension and proteinuria commonly regressive on drug withdrawal. There was a dose-dependent increase in risk of proteinuria and hypertension in patients with cancer who received targeted therapies. Furthermore, few patients with glomerulonephritis or thrombotic microangiopathy secondary to treatment were reported. Hypertension is believed to be nitric oxide dependent, whereas proteinuria seems to be related to downregulation of podocyte tight junction protein. This article reviews data relating to hypertension and proteinuria associated with the use of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Izzedine
- Department of Nephrology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France.
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46
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Josephson MA, Javaid B, Kadambi PV, Meehan SM, Williams JW. Leflunomide in Solid Organ Transplantation and Polyoma Virus Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 577:255-65. [PMID: 16626041 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-32957-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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47
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Mitchell D, O'Meara SJ, Gaffney A, Crean JKG, Kinsella BT, Godson C. The Lipoxin A4 receptor is coupled to SHP-2 activation: implications for regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:15606-18. [PMID: 17403678 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611004200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesangial cell proliferation is pivotal to the pathology of glomerular injury in inflammation. We have previously reported that lipoxins, endogenously produced eicosanoids with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution bioactions, can inhibit mesangial cell proliferation in response to several agents. This process is associated with elaborate receptor cross-talk involving modification receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation (McMahon, B., Mitchell, D., Shattock, R., Martin, F., Brady, H. R., and Godson, C. (2002) FASEB J. 16, 1817-1819). Here we demonstrate that the lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) receptor is coupled to activation and recruitment of the SHP-2 (SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase-2) within a lipid raft microdomain. Using site-directed mutagenesis of the cytosolic domain of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRbeta), we report that mutation of the sites for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Tyr(740) and Tyr(751)) and SHP-2 (Tyr(763) and Tyr(1009)) recruitment specifically inhibit the effect of LXA(4) on the PDGFRbeta signaling; furthermore inhibition of SHP-2 expression with short interfering RNA constructs blocked the effect of LXA(4) on PDGFRbeta phosphorylation. We demonstrate that association of the PDGFRbeta with lipid raft microdomains renders it susceptible to LXA(4)-mediated dephosphorylation by possible reactivation of oxidatively inactivated SHP-2. These data further elaborate on the potential mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory, proresolution, and anti-fibrotic bioactions of lipoxins.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation
- Glomerular Mesangium/enzymology
- Glomerular Mesangium/injuries
- Humans
- Inflammation/enzymology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Microdomains/enzymology
- Membrane Microdomains/genetics
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Phosphatase 2
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/genetics
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Lipoxin/genetics
- Receptors, Lipoxin/metabolism
- SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Mitchell
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, Diabetes Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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48
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Vittal R, Zhang H, Han MK, Moore BB, Horowitz JC, Thannickal VJ. Effects of the protein kinase inhibitor, imatinib mesylate, on epithelial/mesenchymal phenotypes: implications for treatment of fibrotic diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 321:35-44. [PMID: 17218487 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.113407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue injury in mammals triggers both inflammatory and repair responses that, in some contexts, results in fibrosis. Fibrosis is characterized by the persistence of activated myofibroblasts, ineffective re-epithelialization, and variable degrees of inflammation within injured tissues. The protein kinase inhibitor (PKI), imatinib mesylate, has been proposed as a potential antifibrotic therapeutic agent. In this study, the efficacy of imatinib mesylate to modulate fibrogenic responses, both in vitro and in vivo, was examined. In an in vitro fibroblast culture model, imatinib inhibits platelet-derived growth factor receptor activation and fibroblast proliferation but not the stably differentiated myofibroblast phenotype. Furthermore, imatinib inhibits lung epithelial cell proliferation and survival but not the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Imatinib does not alter transforming growth factor-beta/SMAD3 signaling in either cell type. In a murine model of lung fibrosis, bleomycin-induced injury to the pulmonary epithelium provokes an early inflammatory response with more delayed fibrosis during the late reparative phase of lung injury. Imatinib mesylate (10 mg/kg/day by i.p. injection or oral gavage), administered during the postinjury repair phase, failed to significantly alter fibrogenic responses assessed by histopathology, collagen content, and the accumulation of myofibroblasts within the injured lung. These studies indicate that the capacity of a PKI to inhibit fibroblast proliferation may be insufficient to mediate significant antifibrotic effects in late stages of tissue injury repair. Pharmacologic agents that modulate the activities and fate of differentiated (myo)fibroblasts, without interfering with the regenerative capacity of epithelial cells, are likely to be more effective for treatment of nonresolving, progressive fibrotic disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic
- Benzamides
- Bleomycin
- Blotting, Western
- Bromodeoxyuridine
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/metabolism
- DNA, Single-Stranded/drug effects
- DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibrosis/drug therapy
- Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/pathology
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Immunohistochemistry
- Indicators and Reagents
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Lung Diseases/chemically induced
- Lung Diseases/pathology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects
- Mice
- Phenotype
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Vittal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 6301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Kameda H. Imatinib mesylate as a novel therapeutic drug for systemic rheumatic diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 30:165-73. [PMID: 17603257 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.30.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a topic in the pathophysiology of various systemic rheumatic diseases. For example, autoantibody against PDGF receptor was identified in patients with systemic sclerosis. Imatinib mesylate has been well tolerable and widely used for chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tomor. Imatinib also inhibits the activation of c-Abl, which is a key downstream molecule of transforming growth factor-beta signaling, and PDGF receptors. Thus, imatinib effectively suppresses the activation and proliferation of fibroblasts, mesangial cells and smooth muscle cells. Therefore, imatinib may overcome the limitation of current therapeutic strategy with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents for refractory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Kameda
- Division of Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
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50
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Khwaja A, Sharpe CC, Noor M, Hendry BM. The role of geranylgeranylated proteins in human mesangial cell proliferation. Kidney Int 2006; 70:1296-304. [PMID: 16929252 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Rho family of guanine 5'-triphosphatases (GTPases) play a key role in regulating cell proliferation, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and glomerular hemodynamics. The post-translational prenylation of RhoGTPases by the addition of a geranylgeranyl moiety is critical for cellular localization and signaling activity. This study investigates the effects of (i) inhibiting geranylgeranylation (GG) in human mesangial cell (HMC) proliferation and apoptosis, using GGTI 298, a specific inhibitor of GG and (ii) lovastatin, an HMG-coacetyl A-reductase inhibitor, which depletes the availability of prenylation substrates. HMC proliferation was assessed using an assay of viable cell number and measuring bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Hoechst 33342 staining was used to determine apoptosis. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (Erk)1/2 and Akt activation were analysed by Western blotting. Rho activation was determined using the Rhotekin pull-down assay. Immunocytochemistry was performed to study the effects on the actin cytoskeleton and RhoA localization. GGTI 298 (10-20 muM) and lovastatin (5-10 muM) potently inhibited platelet-derived growth factor and serum-stimulated HMC proliferation and induced apoptosis. These effects of lovastatin were attenuated by co-incubation with geranylgeranylpyrophosphate. C3 exoenzyme, a clostridial toxin that specifically targets Rho also inhibited BrdU incorporation and promoted apoptosis. GGTI 298 increased cytosolic expression of RhoA, prevented RhoA activation, and inhibited the activation of Erk1/2 and the survival protein Akt. GGTI 298, lovastatin, and C3 exoenzyme inhibit HMC proliferation and promote apoptosis. Inhibiting GG increases cytosolic RhoA expression, disrupts the actin cytoskeleton, and inhibits RhoA activation. These results suggest that targeting geranylgeranylated proteins with statins or GGTI 298 is a promising therapeutic strategy in human mesangioproliferative renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khwaja
- Department of Renal Medicine, GKT School of Medicine, King's College London, Bessemer Road, London, UK
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