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Mohamed NH, Shawkat S, Moussa MS, Ahmed N. Regeneration potential of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet rich plasma (PRP) on irradiation-induced damage of submandibular salivary gland in albino rats. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101780. [PMID: 35395489 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced damage to salivary glands (SG) is a consequence of radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. Recovery of the irradiated SG has been studied using various regenerative approaches. This study aims to compare the regenerative potentials of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) on irradiated rat submandibular salivary glands (SMD). 32 healthy male albino rats were irradiated with a single dose of 6 Gy then classified into four groups. Group A received no treatment while the other 3 groups were injected 24 h post-radiation with a single dose of either; BMMCs (Group B), PRP (Group C), or BMMCs suspended in PRP (Group D). SMD regeneration was assessed in terms of histological changes and TGF- β1 gene expression. The results showed that compared to the untreated group all groups showed successful regeneration with group D showing the best results. A statistically significant increase in the surface area of acini and TGF- β1 gene expression was observed in group D, followed by group C, then B. Our results prove that using PRP and BMMCs could be promising in decreasing irradiation side effects on SG. Moreover, combining PRP and BMMCs gives better effects compared to each therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Mohamed
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Mathaf-El-Manial Street, 11553, Cairo, Egypt; Oral Histopathology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr International University, Km 28 Misr-Ismailia Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Shawkat
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Mathaf-El-Manial Street, 11553, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M S Moussa
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Mathaf-El-Manial Street, 11553, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Neb Ahmed
- Department of Oro-dental Genetics, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt; Stem Cell Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Masoudi E, Ribas J, Kaushik G, Leijten J, Khademhosseini A. Platelet-Rich Blood Derivatives for Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016; 2:33-42. [PMID: 27047733 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Platelet rich blood derivatives have been widely used in different fields of medicine and stem cell based tissue engineering. They represent natural cocktails of autologous growth factor, which could provide an alternative for recombinant protein based approaches. Platelet rich blood derivatives, such as platelet rich plasma, have consistently shown to potentiate stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Here, we review the spectrum of platelet rich blood derivatives, discuss their current applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, reflect on their effect on stem cells, and highlight current translational challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Masoudi
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - João Ribas
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Doctoral Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gaurav Kaushik
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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Arora S, Doda V, Kotwal U, Dogra M. Quantification of platelets and platelet derived growth factors from platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) prepared at different centrifugal force (g) and time. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 54:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Maghsoudi O. Standardization and Modification Techniques of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Preparation in Rabbit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2015.01.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tseng CL, Seghatchian J, Burnouf T. Animal models to assess the therapeutic efficacy of human serum and serum-converted platelet lysates for dry eye syndrome: Seeing is believing. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:95-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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Platelet-rich plasma as treatment for persistent ocular epithelial defects. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 52:300-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Renn TY, Kao YH, Wang CC, Burnouf T. Anti-inflammatory effects of platelet biomaterials in a macrophage cellular model. Vox Sang 2015; 109:138-47. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.-Y. Renn
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering; College of Oral Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Y.-H. Kao
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy; College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - C.-C. Wang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy; College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - T. Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering; College of Oral Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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Burnouf T, Goubran HA, Seghatchian J. Multifaceted regenerative lives of expired platelets in the second decade of the 21st century. Transfus Apher Sci 2014; 51:107-12. [PMID: 25189105 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A traditional concept in transfusion medicine is the expiration of platelet concentrates 5-7 days after collection due to storage conditions that favor the risks of bacterial contamination and may lead to a gradual alteration of platelet hemostatic power. Newer findings are strongly suggesting that, after their supposed expiration date, platelet concentrates still contain multiple functional growth factors and cytokines and actually have unaltered power for application in regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Expired platelets can be a valuable source of growth factors to promote the healing of wounds, and can be used for ex vivo expansion of stem cells. There is also preliminary evidence that infusible platelet membrane (IPM) from outdated platelet concentrates and thrombosomes have potential clinical applications as hemostatic products. Experimental work is certainly needed to further validate and standardize the clinical potential of "expired" platelet blood products in human clinical medicine. However, strong evidence accumulates toward a potential for further manufacturing avenues of expired platelet concentrates into valuable therapeutic and clinically relevant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hadi Alphonse Goubran
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/Safety and DDR Strategy, London, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Burnouf
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering; College of Oral Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei; Taiwan
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Burnouf T, Goubran HA, Chen TM, Ou KL, El-Ekiaby M, Radosevic M. Blood-derived biomaterials and platelet growth factors in regenerative medicine. Blood Rev 2013; 27:77-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Burnouf T, Chou ML, Wu YW, Su CY, Lee LW. Antimicrobial activity of platelet (PLT)-poor plasma, PLT-rich plasma, PLT gel, and solvent/detergent-treated PLT lysate biomaterials against wound bacteria. Transfusion 2012; 53:138-46. [PMID: 22563709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet (PLT) gels exhibit antimicrobial activity useful for wound healing. The nature of the antibacterial component(s) is unknown. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS PLT-poor plasma (PPP), PLT-rich plasma (PRP), PLT gel (PG), and solvent/detergent-treated PLT lysate (S/D-PL) from two donors were evaluated either native or after complement heat inactivation. Materials were spiked at a 10% ratio (vol/vol) with approximately 10(7-8) colony-forming units/mL with four Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria of the wound flora. Bacterial count was determined by plate assays at time of spiking and after 3 and 48 hours at 31°C. Bacteria growth inhibition tests were also performed. RESULTS There was no viable Escherichia coli colony for 48 hours after spiking to the plasma and PLT materials from both donors, corresponding to greater than 7.51 to greater than 9.05 log inactivation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus were inactivated (approx. 4.7, 7, and 2 log, respectively) 3 hours after spiking to PRP, PPP, or S/D-PL from the first donor but less (1.1, 4.6, and 0.2 log, respectively) in PG, before a regrowth at 48 hours in all materials. Similar data were obtained with the second donor. No plasma and PLT material had antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Complement-inactivated samples had no antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSION Plasma complement is mostly responsible for the activity of plasma and PLT biomaterials against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus. Activation of the coagulation to prepare PG may reduce antimicrobial activity. These findings may help optimize the control of wound infections by blood biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Burnouf
- College of Oral Medicine and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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A novel virally inactivated human platelet lysate preparation rich in TGF-β, EGF and IGF, and depleted of PDGF and VEGF. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2010; 56:151-60. [DOI: 10.1042/ba20100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Geremicca W, Fonte C, Vecchio S. Blood components for topical use in tissue regeneration: evaluation of corneal lesions treated with platelet lysate and considerations on repair mechanisms. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2010; 8:107-12. [PMID: 20383304 PMCID: PMC2851214 DOI: 10.2450/2009.0091-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fields of application of topically administered platelet derivatives are numerous and increasing. The use of this blood component is based on the fact that it contains growth factors and proteins of the clotting system. Studies carried out so far have been aimed at identifying these substances, assaying their content in the various types of platelet concentrate used, determining the in vivo and in vitro mechanisms of action, and trying to standardise the production methods. However, much still remains to be discovered, not only about the growth factors, but also about all those cytokines and biochemical mediators that are involved in the processes of tissue regeneration. METHODS We studied the use of platelet lysate, obtained from platelet-rich plasma which had been frozen, for the treatment of corneal ulcers caused by neurotrophic keratitis and of epithelial and stromal loss following physical or chemical trauma. The platelet lysate was administered in the form of eye drops to patients who had not responded to conventional therapy and who were at risk of corneal scarring. RESULTS The results were satisfactory in terms of both tissue regeneration and healing time. The clinical follow-up showed a clear reduction in the time of regeneration of the damaged epithelium and stabilisation of the repair process. The epithelial defects disappeared completely in all the treated eyes within 6 to 32 days, with the time depending on the type of lesion and the severity of the damage. CONCLUSIONS The cornea reacts to damage by releasing numerous substances, including cytokines, growth factors, proteases and neuropeptides in order to restore its anatomical integrity. A change in the balance between inhibitory and stimulating substances can lead to the development of complications. Fast, correct re-epithelialisation is fundamental for the formation of new, transparent tissue. The use of non-gelified platelet-rich plasma was found to be effective in all cases with loss of epithelium, such as post-herpetic corneal ulcers or ulcers occurring following trauma or exposure to caustic substances.
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Kuo YP, Lee YL, Tseng YH, Su CH, Burnouf T, Su CY. Influence of ethanol on the release of growth factors in human blood-derived platelet gels. Biologicals 2010; 38:120-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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In vitro release of growth factors from platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a proposal to optimize the clinical applications of PRF. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 108:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Su CY, Kuo YP, Lin YC, Huang CT, Tseng YH, Burnouf T. A virally inactivated functional growth factor preparation from human platelet concentrates. Vox Sang 2009; 97:119-28. [PMID: 19320900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2009.01180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human platelet growth factors (HPGF) are essential for tissue regeneration and may replace fetal bovine serum (FBS) in cell therapy. No method for the manufacture of standardized virally inactivated HPGF has been developed yet. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Platelet concentrates (PC) were subjected to solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment (1% TnBP/1% Triton X-45), oil extraction, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and sterile filtration. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB, -BB and -AA, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) were measured by ELISA. Composition in proteins and lipids was determined, protein profiles were obtained by SDS-PAGE, and TnBP and Triton X-45 were assessed by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Cell growth promoting activity of HPGF was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay using human embryonic kidney (HEK293A) fibroblast and Statens Seruminstitute rabbit corneal (SIRC) epithelial cell lines. RESULTS The GF preparation contained a mean of 16.66, 2.04, 1.53, 72.19, 0.33, 48.59 and 0.44 ng/ml of PDGF-AB, -BB, -AA, TGF-beta1, EGF, IGF-1 and VEGF, respectively. The protein profile was typical of platelet releasates and had less than 2 p.p.m. of residual S/D agents. MTS assay of HEK293A and SIRC cultures showed that the GF preparation at 10% and 0.1% (v/v), respectively, could successfully replace 10% FBS for cell proliferation. Cell-stimulating activity of HPGF on HEK293A was over twice that of PC releasates. CONCLUSION STANDARDIZED and functional virally inactivated HPGF can be prepared from human PC for possible applications in cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Su
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Burnouf T, Su CY, Radosevich M, Goubran H, El-Ekiaby M. Blood-derived biomaterials: fibrin sealant, platelet gel and platelet fibrin glue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2824.2009.01222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Su CY, Kuo YP, Nieh HL, Tseng YH, Burnouf T. Quantitative assessment of the kinetics of growth factors release from platelet gel. Transfusion 2008; 48:2414-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Burnouf T, Tseng YH, Kuo YP, Su CY. Solvent/detergent treatment of platelet concentrates enhances the release of growth factors. Transfusion 2008; 48:1090-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zimmermann R, Reske S, Metzler P, Schlegel A, Ringwald J, Eckstein R. Preparation of highly concentrated and white cell-poor platelet-rich plasma by plateletpheresis. Vox Sang 2008; 95:20-5. [PMID: 18444946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2008.01062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Contaminating white blood cells (WBC) contribute remarkably to the overall growth factor content of locally applicable platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or platelet (PLT) gel and change the relative proportions of the contained growth factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS To study the independent effects of locally applicated highly concentrated PLTs, the development of preparations is needed that contain large amounts of PLTs and no or at least very few leucocytes. Therefore, 20 plateletpheresis procedures were performed in voluntary blood donors to get highly concentrated and extremely WBC-poor plateletpheresis concentrates. The degree of spontaneous PLT activation, the PLT aggregation response to agonists and the level of the growth factor TGF-beta1 (transforming growth factor beta1) were measured immediately after the donation and 1 day later. RESULTS The concentrates contained 1.96 +/- 0.36 x 10e11 PLTs per unit in 55.2 +/- 7.9 ml, respectively. In comparison to the donors' blood, the PLT-enrichment factor was 15.3 +/- 5.4. At the same time, the concentrates contained extremely low residual numbers of WBCs (0.8 +/- 3.3 x 10e3/ml). The concentration of the growth factor TGF-beta1 was 743.2 +/- 243.9 ng/ml. On day 1, the PLT concentration and the TGF-beta1 content of the PLT concentrates had not decreased. CONCLUSIONS In summary, plateletpheresis is suited to provide PRP products with higher concentrations of human platelets and platelet-derived growth factors than previously reported PRP preparation methods but with extremely low numbers of contaminating leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zimmermann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen- Nuernberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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McAleer JP, Sharma S, Kaplan EM, Persich G. Use of autologous platelet concentrate in a nonhealing lower extremity wound. Adv Skin Wound Care 2006; 19:354-63. [PMID: 16943701 DOI: 10.1097/00129334-200609000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jody P McAleer
- Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency Program, Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Podiatric Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital of Queens, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Astoria, NY, USA
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Giacco F, Perruolo G, D'Agostino E, Fratellanza G, Perna E, Misso S, Saldalamacchia G, Oriente F, Fiory F, Miele C, Formisano S, Beguinot F, Formisano P. Thrombin‐activated platelets induce proliferation of human skin fibroblasts by stimulating autocrine production of insulin‐like growth factor‐1. FASEB J 2006; 20:2402-4. [PMID: 17015410 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-6104fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Platelet components have found successful clinical utilization to initiate or to accelerate tissue-repair mechanisms. However, the molecular pathways by which platelet factors contribute to tissue regeneration have not been fully elucidated. We have studied the effect of thrombin-activated platelets (TAPs) on cell growth in vivo and in cultured cell systems. Application of TAPs to ulcerative skin lesions of diabetic patients induced local activation of ERK1/2 and Akt/PKB. Moreover, when applied to cultured human skin fibroblasts, TAPs promoted cell growth and DNA synthesis and activated platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 receptor tyrosine kinases. PDGF was released by TAPs and rapidly achieved a plateau. At variance, the release of IGF-1 was mainly provided by the TAPs-stimulated fibroblasts and progressively increased up to 48 h. The PDGF-R blocker Ag1296 reduced the activation of Akt/PKB and, at a lesser extent, of ERK1/2. Conversely, inhibition of IGF-1 signaling by Ag1024 and expression of a dominant-negative IGF-1R mutant selectively reduced the stimulation of ERK1/2 by TAPs and fibroblast-released factors, with minor changes of Akt/PKB activity. Thus, platelet factors promote fibroblast growth by acutely activating Akt/PKB and ERK1/2. Sustained activation of ERK1/2, however, requires autocrine production of IGF-1 by TAPs-stimulated fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Giacco
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Kuhn D, Braun H, Fengler B, Taborski U, Hempelmann G. Novel Therapeutic Options due to Autologous Blood Components – Exemplified by Autologous Platelet Gel. Transfus Med Hemother 2006. [DOI: 10.1159/000092258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Wound healing is the response to injury and the process of tissue repair. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology have greatly expanded our understanding of this process, which includes chemotaxis, production of matrix protein, cell replication, neovascularization and tissue remodelling. Tissue injury causes the disruption of blood vessels that is responsible for extravasation or haemorrhage of blood constituents and the first step of process in the platelet activation after exposure of collagen. Platelets initiate clotting through the coagulation system. When thrombin is formed, fibrinogen is transformed into fibrin; this is the real first step of wound healing. Fibrin glues reproduce this process and have been widely used in surgery to obtain haemostasis and expedite the process of wound healing. Immunogenicity of xenogenic products and risks of viral or prion disease transmission through commercial products have generated new interest in home-made autologous glues whose complexity was increased when platelets were added to coagulation proteins as a source of cytokines and growth factors. For the preparation of these products, the blood bankers took advantage of their usual technologies and several automated apparatuses are currently employed for the preparation of fibrinogen and thrombin concentrates. The machines for sequestration and multicomponent collection have been adapted for the concurrent procurement of plasma and platelets. A further level of complexity was introduced by the addition to glues of peripheral, bone marrow and cord-blood-derived stem cells to help or determine tissue regeneration. Instead of more new technologies, larger studies are now needed to quantify the benefits and clarify the optimal application for these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Valbonesi
- Department of Immunohematology, San Martino University Hospital, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Efeoglu C, Akçay YD, Ertürk S. A modified method for preparing platelet-rich plasma: An experimental study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 62:1403-7. [PMID: 15510363 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2004.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, our aim was to prepare low-cost autogenous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for use in minor bone grafting procedures. This was the preliminary study of an experimental study concerning augmentation of bony defects with a mixture of PRP and beta-tricalcium phosphate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Venous blood was collected from marginal ear veins of New Zealand White rabbits in EDTA (K3) vacutainer tubes. Blood samples were divided into 2 groups, and PRP was prepared through 2 methods, 1 of which is a variant of the other. The 2 PRP preparation methods described in this study were modified from Landesberg et al (J Oral Maxillofac Surg 58:297, 2000) after several trials, because the platelet enrichment percentages we obtained using their method were very low. Complete blood counts of venous blood samples, PRP, and platelet poor plasma (PPP) were made. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL). RESULTS It took approximately 30 minutes to prepare PRP with both methods. Platelet counts in PRP were increased with respect to venous blood platelet counts. The differences between the experimental groups and genders were evaluated statistically with Mann-Whitney U tests (P < .05). Correlations between the groups and genders were also evaluated (P < .05). CONCLUSION It was experimentally shown that PRP with high platelet counts can be prepared using this modified method without the need for costly autotransfusion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candan Efeoglu
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Zimmermann R, Arnold D, Strasser E, Ringwald J, Schlegel A, Wiltfang J, Eckstein R. Sample preparation technique and white cell content influence the detectable levels of growth factors in platelet concentrates. Vox Sang 2004; 85:283-9. [PMID: 14633254 DOI: 10.1111/j.0042-9007.2003.00361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Autologous platelet concentrate (PC) is applied locally to improve wound healing and tissue repair. Previous measurements of the growth factor content of platelets have given conflicting results. To date, there is no information on the influence of different preanalytical sample-preparation methods on the detectable amount of growth factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured the level of growth factors in PCs obtained by plateletpheresis and by leukapheresis. We subjected aliquots of these components to six different preparation methods: freezing/thawing once or twice; dissolution in 0.5% Triton-X-100; and clot formation by the addition of calcium and thrombin with subsequent incubation for 1 h, for 24 h, or for 1 h followed by freezing and thawing. RESULTS In samples dissolved in Triton-X-100, higher levels of growth factors were detected than in the other specimens. In comparison to clot formation, freezing and thawing platelets twice was equivalent with respect to the release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) but superior with respect to the release of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). Overall, mean levels of 4.77 x 10(-16) g of PDGF-AB, 2.2 x 10(-17) g of PDGF-BB, and 2.41 x 10(-16) g of TGF-beta1 were found per single human platelet in white blood cell (WBC)-poor samples dissolved in Triton-X-100. CONCLUSIONS Dissolving PC in Triton-X-100 releases maximum quantities of growth factors from platelets. The release of each growth factor by any sample preparation method should be investigated and interpreted separately. The preanalytical sample-preparation method, as well as the platelet and WBC content, influence the measurable levels of growth factors in PCs. The results implicate the need to correct, considerably upwards, previous estimations of the PDGF content of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zimmermann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Senet P, Bon FX, Benbunan M, Bussel A, Traineau R, Calvo F, Dubertret L, Dosquet C. Randomized trial and local biological effect of autologous platelets used as adjuvant therapy for chronic venous leg ulcers. J Vasc Surg 2003; 38:1342-8. [PMID: 14681639 DOI: 10.1016/s0741-5214(03)00908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Platelet products have been proposed as adjuvant therapy for wound healing. We undertook this study to determine the healing effect of topically applied frozen autologous platelets (FAP) on chronic venous ulcers, compared with effect of placebo, and whether use of topical FAP modifies local expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in wound fluid. METHODS This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was carried out in institutional practice, with ambulatory patients with proved chronic venous leg ulcers. In all patients, whole venous blood was drawn for preparation of FAP. FAP or normal saline solution was applied three times per week for up to 12 weeks, together with hydrocolloids and standardized compression bandages. Leg ulcer surface was assessed with numerical pictures. IL-8, VEGF, KGF, and TIMP-1 levels were determined (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in wound fluid after each 4 weeks of treatment. RESULTS Fifteen patients were randomized into two groups with comparable leg ulcer characteristics. Mean percent reduction in ulcer area was 26.2% in the FAP group versus 15.2% in the placebo group (P =.94). One ulcer in each group was completely healed at study end. Levels of TIMP-1 increased significantly during FAP treatment. IL-8 concentration was significantly lower in wound fluid of healing ulcers than in the fluid of nonhealing ulcers, in both FAP and placebo groups. Growth factor levels were not modified with FAP treatment. CONCLUSION Topical autologous platelets have no significant adjuvant effect on healing of chronic venous leg ulcers and increased wound fluid TIMP-1 concentration. Ulcer healing is associated with a decrease in wound fluid IL-8.
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Riley JB, Justison GA, Povrzenic D, Zabetakis PA. Designing an integrated extracorporeal therapy service quality system. Ther Apher Dial 2002; 6:282-7. [PMID: 12164797 DOI: 10.1046/j.1526-0968.2002.00440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reorganization in clinical operations of a national service provider organization, Fresenius Medical Care Extracorporeal Alliance (FMC-EA), provided the opportunity to overhaul and integrate quality systems. Under the new structure, the management of acute dialysis, apheresis, open-heart perfusion, and intraoperative autotransfusion services were combined into an integrated service portfolio supported by a multidisciplinary team of nurses, perfusionists, and technicians. This communication is intended to be a concise review of the literature that establishes the foundation for the new quality system as well as a discussion of the five clinical policies and clinical procedure guidelines that govern clinical behavior in mobile, point of care, acute extracorporeal therapy services. The clinical policy standards are based on recognized essentials and guidelines published by professional organizations, federal and state government agencies, and accreditation groups. The standards list the essential behaviors that clinicians should exhibit during the provision of extracorporeal therapy procedures such as acute therapeutic apheresis. Compliance with the redesigned procedure guidelines and policies will provide the clinical practice platform for continuous quality improvement (CQI) activities, benchmarking, and self-improvement. These practices can lead to improvements in the quality of care, a decrease in medical errors, and a reduction in overall health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Riley
- Fresenius Medical Care Extracorporeal Alliance, San Diego, California 92127, USA
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Valbonesi M, Giannini G, Migliori F, Dalla Costa R, Galli A. The role of autologous fibrin-platelet glue in plastic surgery: a preliminary report. Int J Artif Organs 2002; 25:334-8. [PMID: 12027145 DOI: 10.1177/039139880202500413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To promote wound healing, we used autologous fibrin-platelet glue in 14 patients with skin and soft tissue losses caused by recent trauma or chronic pathology. The level of improvement was scored, arbitrarily, from 0 to 4. Very favourable results (score 3-4) were seen in 11 out of 14 patients. The glue preparation is very easy, inexpensive and creates excellent and stable hemostasis. From a general point of view, we have confirmed the utility of fibrin-platelet glue in terms of reduced infections and length of hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valbonesi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy.
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