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Hayden MR. Overview and New Insights into the Metabolic Syndrome: Risk Factors and Emerging Variables in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Cerebrocardiovascular Disease. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030561. [PMID: 36984562 PMCID: PMC10059871 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered a metabolic disorder that has been steadily increasing globally and seems to parallel the increasing prevalence of obesity. It consists of a cluster of risk factors which traditionally includes obesity and hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. These four core risk factors are associated with insulin resistance (IR) and, importantly, the MetS is known to increase the risk for developing cerebrocardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The MetS had its early origins in IR and syndrome X. It has undergone numerous name changes, with additional risk factors and variables being added over the years; however, it has remained as the MetS worldwide for the past three decades. This overview continues to add novel insights to the MetS and suggests that leptin resistance with hyperleptinemia, aberrant mitochondrial stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism with hyperhomocysteinemia, vascular stiffening, microalbuminuria, and visceral adipose tissues extracellular vesicle exosomes be added to the list of associated variables. Notably, the role of a dysfunctional and activated endothelium and deficient nitric oxide bioavailability along with a dysfunctional and attenuated endothelial glycocalyx, vascular inflammation, systemic metainflammation, and the important role of ROS and reactive species interactome are discussed. With new insights and knowledge regarding the MetS comes the possibility of new findings through further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Hoermann G, Sotlar K, Jawhar M, Kristensen T, Bachelot G, Nedoszytko B, Carter MC, Horny HP, Bonadonna P, Sperr WR, Hartmann K, Brockow K, Lyons JJ, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Hermine O, Akin C, Broesby-Olsen S, Triggiani M, Butterfield JH, Schwaab J, Reiter A, Gotlib J, Metcalfe DD, George TI, Orfao A, Valent P, Arock M. Standards of Genetic Testing in the Diagnosis and Prognostication of Systemic Mastocytosis in 2022: Recommendations of the EU-US Cooperative Group. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1953-1963. [PMID: 35283331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mastocytosis comprises rare heterogeneous diseases characterized by an increased accumulation of abnormal mast cells in various organs/tissues. The pathogenesis of mastocytosis is strongly linked to the presence of KIT-activating mutations. In systemic mastocytosis (SM), the most frequent mutation encountered is KIT p.D816V, whose presence constitutes one of the minor diagnostic criteria. Different techniques are used to search and quantify the KIT p.D816V mutant; however, allele-specific quantitative PCR and droplet digital PCR are today the most sensitive. The analysis of the KIT p.D816V allele burden has undeniable interest for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic monitoring. The analysis of non-mast cell hematological compartments in SM is similarly important because KIT p.D816V multilineage involvement is associated with a worse prognosis. In addition, in advanced forms of SM, mutations in genes other than KIT are frequently identified and affect negatively disease outcome and response to therapy. Thus, combined quantitative and sensitive analysis of KIT mutations and next-generation sequencing of other recurrently involved myeloid genes make it possible to better characterize the extent of the affected cellular compartments and additional molecular aberrations, providing a more detailed overview of the complex mutational landscape of SM, in relation with the clinical heterogeneity of the disease. In this article, we report the latest recommendations of the EU-US Cooperative Group presented in September 2020 in Vienna during an international working conference, on the techniques we consider standard to detect and quantify the KIT p.D816V mutant in SM and additional myeloid mutations found in SM subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Hoermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany.
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mohamad Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Guillaume Bachelot
- Department of Hematological Biology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Boguslaw Nedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Melody C Carter
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hartmann
- Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan J Lyons
- Translational Allergic Immunopathology Unit, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Hanneke C Kluin-Nelemans
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Imagine Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Centre national de référence des mastocytoses, Paris, France
| | - Cem Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Sigurd Broesby-Olsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Juliana Schwaab
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jason Gotlib
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Tracy I George
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Servicio Central de Citometria, Centro de Investigacion del Cancer (IBMCC; CSIC/USAL), Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michel Arock
- Department of Hematological Biology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris, France.
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Dhiman P, Bharadwaj B, Veena P, Rajendiran S. Polymorphisms in vitamin B12 and folate metabolising genes and their association with adverse pregnancy outcome: secondary analysis of a population based case control study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 42:962-967. [PMID: 34907829 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1979948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency leads to accumulation of homocysteine that increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth and low birth weight (LBW) of the neonate. We explored the association of genetic variants of key vitamin B12 and folate metabolising enzymes (MTHFR C677T and A1298C, MTR A2756G, TCN-2 C776G) with preterm birth and LBW in South Indian women. MTHFR A1298C heterozygotes (AC) were at higher risk for preterm delivery, whereas TCN-2 C776G heterozygotes (CG) were at higher risk for both preterm delivery and LBW. MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTR A2756G haplotype CAG was protective for preterm delivery (p=.036, OR = 0.475; 95% CI: 0.233-0.97), whereas, haplotype CCG increasing the risk of preterm birth by 1.8 folds (p=.018, OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.09-2.98). These results underscore the significance of vitamin B12 and folate in the pathophysiology of preterm birth and LBW.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Polymorphisms of vitamin B12 and folate metabolising genes have been reported to influence preterm birth and LBW, but the reports are not consistent.What do the results of this study add? We observed a relationship of MTHFR A1298C and TCN-2 C776G with preterm birth, and significant association of TCN-2 C776G with LBW in infants.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Identification of women carrying these polymorphic risk alleles may benefit from early nutritional modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dhiman
- Department of Biochemistry, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
| | | | - P Veena
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
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Zhao XX, Liu J, Zhao H, Zhou Y, Li L, Wang H. The effect of cardiovascular risk factors on the carotid intima-media thickness in an old-aged cohort with hypertension: a longitudinal evolution with 4-year follow-up of a random clinical trial. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 41:49-57. [PMID: 29553852 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1441860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao xiao Zhao
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyan Zhou
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
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Sun K, Song J, Liu K, Fang K, Wang L, Wang X, Li J, Tang X, Wu Y, Qin X, Wu T, Gao P, Chen D, Hu Y. Associations between homocysteine metabolism related SNPs and carotid intima-media thickness: a Chinese sib pair study. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2017; 43:401-410. [PMID: 27822905 PMCID: PMC5337241 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-016-1449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a good surrogate for atherosclerosis. Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We aim to investigate the relationships between homocysteine (Hcy) related biochemical indexes and CIMT, the associations between Hcy related SNPs and CIMT, as well as the potential gene–gene interactions. The present study recruited full siblings (186 eligible families with 424 individuals) with no history of cardiovascular events from a rural area of Beijing. We examined CIMT, intima-media thickness for common carotid artery (CCA-IMT) and carotid bifurcation, tested plasma levels for Hcy, vitamin B6 (VB6), vitamin B12 (VB12) and folic acid (FA), and genotyped 9 SNPs on MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, BHMT, SHMT1, CBS genes. Associations between SNPs and biochemical indexes and CIMT indexes were analyzed using family-based association test analysis. We used multi-level mixed-effects regression model to verify SNP-CIMT associations and to explore the potential gene–gene interactions. VB6, VB12 and FA were negatively correlated with CIMT indexes (p < 0.05). rs2851391 T allele was associated with decreased plasma VB12 levels (p = 0.036). In FABT, CBS rs2851391 was significantly associated with CCA-IMT (p = 0.021) and CIMT (p = 0.019). In multi-level mixed-effects regression model, CBS rs2851391 was positively significantly associated with CCA-IMT (Coef = 0.032, se = 0.009, raw p < 0.001) after Bonferoni correction (corrected α = 0.0056). Gene–gene interactions were found between CBS rs2851391 and BHMT rs10037045 for CCA-IMT (p = 0.011), as well as between CBS rs2851391 and MTR rs1805087 for CCA-IMT (p = 0.007) and CIMT (p = 0.022). Significant associations are found between Hcy metabolism related genetic polymorphisms, biochemical indexes and CIMT indexes. There are complex interactions between genetic polymorphisms for CCA-IMT and CIMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kuo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmenwai Xitoutiao, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Kai Fang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16 He Pingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Pingshan New District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueyin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xun Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xueying Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Pei Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dafang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Genetic variant in MTRR A66G, but not MTR A2756G, is associated with risk of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in Indian population. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liu X, Hao Y, Wang L, Li H, Lu X, Cao J, Hu Y, Mo X, Peng X, Gu D. Functional analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the regulation of coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 expression and plasma homocysteine levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:642-9. [PMID: 25064859 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) participates in the synthesis of homocysteine, but whether the genetic variations regulate CARM1 expression and homocysteine levels remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Functional analyses combined with an association study were conducted to identify the causal variant for CARM1 expression and homocysteine levels. Based on functional annotations obtained from Encyclopedia of DNA Elements, we selected 4 potentially functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the CARM1 gene and investigated their effect on CARM1 transcription levels in vivo. rs117569851, located in the promoter region of CARM1, as well as rs12460421 and rs4804544, was associated with CARM1 expression levels, and the last 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were discovered in high linkage disequilibrium with rs117569851 (r(2)=0.9 and 1.0) in our study sample. rs117569851 was further identified to be responsible for regulating CARM1 expression. The T allele disrupted the binding of early growth response-1, which led to the downregulation of transcriptional activity in vitro and CARM1 mRNA levels in vivo. In addition, rs117569851 was associated with plasma homocysteine levels in a Chinese population (n=406), with a 2.16 μmol/L decrease per copy of T allele. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that a noncoding variant in the CARM1-promoter functions as a regulator of gene transcription and homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Population Genetics, Fuwai Hospital and National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X. Liu, Y.H., L.W., H.L., X. Lu, J.C., Y.H., X.M., D.G.); State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.P.); and Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (X. Liu)
| | - Yongchen Hao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Population Genetics, Fuwai Hospital and National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X. Liu, Y.H., L.W., H.L., X. Lu, J.C., Y.H., X.M., D.G.); State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.P.); and Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (X. Liu)
| | - Laiyuan Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Population Genetics, Fuwai Hospital and National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X. Liu, Y.H., L.W., H.L., X. Lu, J.C., Y.H., X.M., D.G.); State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.P.); and Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (X. Liu)
| | - Hongfan Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Population Genetics, Fuwai Hospital and National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X. Liu, Y.H., L.W., H.L., X. Lu, J.C., Y.H., X.M., D.G.); State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.P.); and Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (X. Liu)
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Population Genetics, Fuwai Hospital and National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X. Liu, Y.H., L.W., H.L., X. Lu, J.C., Y.H., X.M., D.G.); State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.P.); and Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (X. Liu)
| | - Jie Cao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Population Genetics, Fuwai Hospital and National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X. Liu, Y.H., L.W., H.L., X. Lu, J.C., Y.H., X.M., D.G.); State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.P.); and Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (X. Liu)
| | - Yongyan Hu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Population Genetics, Fuwai Hospital and National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X. Liu, Y.H., L.W., H.L., X. Lu, J.C., Y.H., X.M., D.G.); State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.P.); and Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (X. Liu)
| | - Xingbo Mo
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Population Genetics, Fuwai Hospital and National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X. Liu, Y.H., L.W., H.L., X. Lu, J.C., Y.H., X.M., D.G.); State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.P.); and Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (X. Liu)
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Population Genetics, Fuwai Hospital and National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X. Liu, Y.H., L.W., H.L., X. Lu, J.C., Y.H., X.M., D.G.); State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.P.); and Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (X. Liu)
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Population Genetics, Fuwai Hospital and National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X. Liu, Y.H., L.W., H.L., X. Lu, J.C., Y.H., X.M., D.G.); State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.P.); and Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Beijing, China (X. Liu).
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The MTR 2756A>G polymorphism and maternal risk of birth of a child with Down syndrome: a case-control study and a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6913-25. [PMID: 24150725 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Methionine synthase (MTR) is required for the conversion of homocysteine (hcy) to methionine in the one-carbon metabolic pathway. Previous studies investigating a common MTR 2756A>G polymorphism as a maternal risk factor for the birth of a child with Down syndrome (DS) are conflicting and limited by small case-control cohorts, and its contribution to circulating hcy levels is still debated. We performed a large case-control study and a meta-analysis of the literature to further address the role of MTR 2756A>G as a maternal risk factor for the birth of a child with DS. 286 mothers of a DS child (MDS) and 305 control mothers of Italian origin were included in the case-control study. Genotyping was performed by means of PCR/RFLP technique. Data on circulating levels of hcy, folates, and vitamin B12 were available for 189 MDS and 194 control mothers. The meta analysis of previous and present data involved a total of 8 studies (1,171 MDS and 1,402 control mothers). Both the case-control study and the meta-analysis showed no association of MTR 2756A>G with the maternal risk of birth of a child with DS (OR = 1.15; 95 % CI 0.85-1.55, and OR = 1.08; 95 % CI 0.93-1.25, respectively), even after stratification of the overall data available for the meta-analysis into ethnic groups. No association of the studied polymorphism with circulating levels of hcy, folates, and vitamin B12 was observed. Present data do not support a role for MTR 2756A>G as independent maternal risk factor for a DS birth.
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MTHFR, MTR and MTRR polymorphisms and risk of chronic kidney disease in Japanese: cross-sectional data from the J-MICC Study. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 45:1613-20. [PMID: 23595572 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-013-0432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well known as a strong risk factor for both of end-stage renal disease and cardiovascular disease. To clarify the associations of MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR polymorphisms with the risk of CKD in Japanese, we examined this association among Japanese subjects using cross-sectional data. METHODS The subjects for this analysis were 3,318 participants consecutively selected from the Japan Multi-institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study. The polymorphisms were genotyped by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based Invader assay. Age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of CKD with stage 3-5 was calculated for each genotype. RESULTS When those with MTHFR C677T C/C were defined as references, those with MTHFR C677T C/T and T/T demonstrated the aORs for CKD of 1.14 (95 % CI 0.93-1.40) and 1.39 (1.06-1.82), respectively. Marginally significantly decreased risk of CKD with increasing number of MTR A2756G G allele (p = 0.058) was observed. Stratified analyses by plasma folate low (<7.4 ng/ml) or high (≥7.4 ng/ml) suggested significantly higher OR of CKD for those with MTHFR C677T T/T and low serum folate with the aOR of 2.07 (95 % CI 1.30-3.31) compared with that for those with MTHFR C677T T/T and high serum folate. CONCLUSIONS The present study found a significant association between the subjects with the T/T genotype of MTHFR C677T polymorphism and the elevated risk of CKD, which may suggest the possibility of the risk evaluation and prevention of this potentially life-threatening disease based on genetic traits in the near future.
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Role of homocysteine in end-stage renal disease. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:1286-94. [PMID: 22683753 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Biselli JM, Zampieri BL, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Haddad R, Fonseca MFR, Eberlin MN, Vannucchi H, Carvalho VM, Pavarino EC. Genetic polymorphisms modulate the folate metabolism of Brazilian individuals with Down syndrome. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:9277-84. [PMID: 22903356 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) carry three copies of the Cystathionine β-synthase (CβS) gene. The increase in the dosage of this gene results in an altered profile of metabolites involved in the folate pathway, including reduced homocysteine (Hcy), methionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Furthermore, previous studies in individuals with DS have shown that genetic variants in genes involved in the folate pathway influence the concentrations of this metabolism's products. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism affect the plasma concentrations of Hcy and methylmalonic acid (MMA) along with the concentration of serum folate in individuals with DS. Twelve genetic polymorphisms were investigated in 90 individuals with DS (median age 1.29 years, range 0.07-30.35 years; 49 male and 41 female). Genotyping for the polymorphisms was performed either by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based techniques or by direct sequencing. Plasma concentrations of Hcy and MMA were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as previously described, and serum folate was quantified using a competitive immunoassay. Our results indicate that the MTHFR C677T, MTR A2756G, TC2 C776G and BHMT G742A polymorphisms along with MMA concentration are predictors of Hcy concentration. They also show that age and Hcy concentration are predictors of MMA concentration. These findings could help to understand how genetic variation impacts folate metabolism and what metabolic consequences these variants have in individuals with trisomy 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Biselli
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Unidade de Pesquisa em Genética e Biologia Molecular (UPGEM), Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, n.o 5416-Bloco U-6, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP: 15.090-000, Brazil
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12
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Coppedè F. One-carbon metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: focus on epigenetics. Curr Genomics 2011; 11:246-60. [PMID: 21119889 PMCID: PMC2930664 DOI: 10.2174/138920210791233090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia in the elderly, characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive capacity severe enough to interfere with daily functioning and the quality of life. Rare, fully penetrant mutations in three genes (APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2) are responsible for familial forms of the disease. However, more than 90% of AD is sporadic, likely resulting from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Increasing evidence supports a role for epigenetic modifications in AD pathogenesis. Folate metabolism, also known as one-carbon metabolism, is required for the production of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which is the major DNA methylating agent. AD individuals are characterized by decreased plasma folate values, as well as increased plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels, and there is indication of impaired SAM levels in AD brains. Polymorphisms of genes participating in one-carbon metabolism have been associated with AD risk and/or with increased Hcy levels in AD individuals. Studies in rodents suggest that early life exposure to neurotoxicants or dietary restriction of folate and other B vitamins result in epigenetic modifications of AD related genes in the animal brains. Similarly, studies performed on human neuronal cell cultures revealed that folate and other B vitamins deprivation from the media resulted in epigenetic modification of the PSEN1 gene. There is also evidence of epigenetic modifications in the DNA extracted from blood and brains of AD subjects. Here I review one-carbon metabolism in AD, with emphasis on possible epigenetic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Levine AJ, Lee W, Figueiredo JC, Conti DV, Vandenberg DJ, Davis BD, Edlund CK, Henning SM, Heber D, Stern MC, Haile RW. Variation in folate pathway genes and distal colorectal adenoma risk: a sigmoidoscopy-based case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:541-52. [PMID: 21274745 PMCID: PMC3059778 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Folate-associated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) is an important pathway in colorectal neoplasia risk but data on genetic variation in this pathway are largely limited to studies of single SNPs in selected genes. Methods We used a comprehensive tagSNP approach to study the association between genetic variation in 11 genes in the FOCM pathway and risk of incident distal colorectal adenomas in a sigmoidoscopy-based case–control study. We included 655 cases (one or more adenomas) and 695 controls (no adenomas) recruited from one of two Kaiser Permanente clinics between 1991 and 1995. We assessed a total of 159 tagSNPs selected using Haploview Tagger as well as selected non-synonymous SNPs. We used unconditional logistic regression to model the association between SNPs and risk of distal adenomas, assuming a log-additive model. Results Five SNPs in the SLC19A1 (RFC1) gene: rs1051266 (G80A), rs283895, rs2236484, rs12482346, and rs2838958 were associated with adenoma risk after correction for multiple testing (all corrected p values ≤0.043). The non-synonymous SLC19A1 SNP G80A interacted significantly with the MTHFRC677T genotype (interaction p value = 0.018). Conclusion Our data suggest that genetic variation in SLC19A1 may modify the risk of distal colorectal adenoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10552-011-9726-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Joan Levine
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Jiang S, Yu Y, Venners SA, Zhang Y, Xing H, Wang X, Xu X. Effects of MTHFR and MS gene polymorphisms on baseline blood pressure and Benazepril effectiveness in Chinese hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 25:172-7. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2010.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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15
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The complex relationship between folate/homocysteine metabolism and risk of Down syndrome. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2009; 682:54-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Artifoni L, Benetti E, Centi S, Negrisolo S, Ghiggeri GM, Ginevri F, Ghio L, Edefonti A, Brambilla C, Cagni N, Murer L. The impact of eNOS, MTR and MTHFR polymorphisms on renal graft survival in children and young adults. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:2931-7. [PMID: 19349296 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main cause of reduced long-term graft survival is chronic allograft injury. Cardiovascular risk factors such as hyperhomocysteinaemia, accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine, increased oxidative stress and decreased production of nitric oxide seem to play an important role. Functional polymorphisms of the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene cause an alteration in nitric oxide production. Nitric oxide levels, and thus oxidative stress, are also influenced by hyperhomocysteinaemia. METHODS We carried out a genetic analysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 894G>T, methionine synthase (MTR) 2756A>G and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T/1298A>C in 268 renal allograft recipient/donor (D/R) matches, with respect to long-term graft survival. RESULTS While MTHFR 677C>T/1298A>G and MTR 2756A>G polymorphism distribution in both recipients (R) and donors (D) showed no significant difference between matches with loss of graft function and those with long-term graft survival, the frequency of the eNOS 894TT genotype of donors was significantly increased (P = 0.040) in matches with better graft survival. The multivariate analysis identified the eNOS 894 genotype and clinically acute rejection episodes as independent risk factors for graft loss (P = 0.0406 and P = 0.0093, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The association between eNOS 894G>T polymorphism of donors and graft survival seems to suggest a role for this gene in chronic allograft injury; however, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Artifoni
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Padua, Italy.
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17
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Kim HN, Kim YK, Lee IK, Yang DH, Lee JJ, Shin MH, Park KS, Choi JS, Park MR, Jo DY, Won JH, Kwak JY, Kim HJ. Association between polymorphisms of folate-metabolizing enzymes and hematological malignancies. Leuk Res 2009; 33:82-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Furness DLF, Fenech MF, Khong YT, Romero R, Dekker GA. One-carbon metabolism enzyme polymorphisms and uteroplacental insufficiency. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 199:276.e1-8. [PMID: 18771981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to test novel genetic polymorphisms involved in 1-carbon metabolism for a potential association with increased risk of developing pregnancy complications associated with uteroplacental insufficiency. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study consisting of 50 women at low risk and 93 women at high risk for having a pregnancy complication develop. Maternal and fetal DNA samples were genotyped for methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G, methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) G1958A. A chi squared or chi(2) analysis was used to compare genotypes and pregnancy outcome, 1-way analysis of variance and linear regression were used to compare genotype with continuous variables. RESULTS The fetal MTR 2756 G allele was associated with uteroplacental insufficiency (P = .022, likelihood ratio = 10.4) and maternal homocysteine (P = .017). The maternal MTR A2756G polymorphism was associated with uteroplacental insufficiency (P = .049, likelihood ratio = 6.0), but only in mothers not supplementing with high-dose B-vitamins. The maternal MTHFD1 AA genotype was associated with intrauterine growth restriction (P = .047, likelihood ratio = 5.8). CONCLUSION This study suggests the maternal and fetal MTR 2756 G allele is an important risk factor in the development of uteroplacental insufficiency. In addition, the maternal MTHFD1 1958 AA genotype may be associated with intrauterine growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L F Furness
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Biselli JM, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Haddad R, Eberlin MN, Pavarino-Bertelli EC. The MTR A2756G polymorphism is associated with an increase of plasma homocysteine concentration in Brazilian individuals with Down syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 41:34-40. [PMID: 18060320 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006005000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) present decreased homocysteine (Hcy) concentration, reflecting a functional folate deficiency secondary to overexpression of the cystathionine ss-synthase gene. Since plasma Hcy may be influenced by genetic polymorphisms, we evaluated the influence of C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR), of A2756G polymorphism in the methionine synthase gene (MTR), and of A80G polymorphism in the reduced folate carrier 1 gene on Hcy concentrations in Brazilian DS patients. Fifty-six individuals with free trisomy 21 were included in the study. Plasma Hcy concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography_tandem mass spectrometry with linear regression coefficient r(2) = 0.9996, average recovery between 92.3 to 108.3% and quantification limits of 1.0 micromol/L. Hcy concentrations >15 micromol/L were considered to characterize hyperhomocystinemia. Genotyping for the polymorphisms was carried out by polymerase chain reaction followed by enzyme digestion and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. The mean Hcy concentration was 5.2 +/- 3.3 micromol/L. There was no correlation between Hcy concentrations and age, gender or MTHFR C677T, A1298C and reduced folate carrier 1 A80G genotype. However, Hcy concentrations were significantly increased in the MTR 2756AG heterozygous genotype compared to the MTR 2756AA wild-type genotype. The present results suggest that the heterozygous genotype MTR 2756AG is associated with the increase in plasma Hcy concentrations in this group of Brazilian patients with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Biselli
- Unidade de Pesquisa em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
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20
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Kim HN, Lee IK, Kim YK, Tran HTT, Yang DH, Lee JJ, Shin MH, Park KS, Shin MG, Choi JS, Kim HJ. Association between folate-metabolizing pathway polymorphism and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2007; 140:287-94. [PMID: 18042267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the genes coding folate-metabolizing enzymes affect the risk of some forms of cancer. We investigated the association between these polymorphisms and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk in a population-based study (583 cases and 1700 controls). The MTHFR 677TT and CT genotypes were associated with reduced risk for NHL [odds ratios (OR) = 0.79; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.65-0.98 for 677CT and 0.61; 0.45-0.82 for 677TT] and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (OR = 0.68; 0.51-0.88 for 677CT; OR = 0.56; 0.38-0.83 for 677TT). The MTHFR 1298CC genotype was associated with increased risk for NHL (OR = 1.71; 1.07-2.75) and T-cell lymphoma (OR = 3.05; 1.53-6.11). The MTRR 66GG genotype was associated with increased risk for DLBCL (OR = 1.56; 1.03-2.38) and the TYMS 2R2R genotype was associated with increased risk for T-cell lymphoma (OR = 2.83; 1.33-6.01). Using subjects with 3RG3RG as a reference group, TYMS 2R2R was associated with increased risk for T-cell lymphoma (OR = 2.46; 1.04-5.79). Interestingly, we observed a reduced association between the TYMS 2R3RG genotype and DLBCL (OR = 0.61; 0.38-0.99). These results suggest that MTHFR, MTRR and TYMS polymorphisms may play a significant role in the risk for NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Nam Kim
- Genome Research Centre for Hematopoietic Diseases, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanamdo, Korea
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21
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Moskau S, Farmand S, Semmler A, Wüllner U, Pohl C, Klockgether T, Linnebank M. The methionine synthase polymorphism c.2756A>G (D919G) influences diastolic blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 2007; 21:418-20. [PMID: 17287836 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Gross M, Friedman G, Eliashar R, Koren-Morag N, Goldschmidt N, Atta IA, Ben-Yehuda A. Impact of methionine synthase gene and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms on the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Audiol Neurootol 2006; 11:287-93. [PMID: 16778415 DOI: 10.1159/000093957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) represents a frequently encountered otological disease of unknown etiology. In recent years, several inherited risk factors have been found in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. In the present study, we determined whether specific polymorphism or the combination of polymorphisms in folate-dependent homocysteine metabolism genes can act as predisposing inherited vascular risk factors in the development of SSNHL. We conducted a prospective case-control study using DNA samples extracted from 81 patients diagnosed as suffering from SSNHL and 264 healthy control subjects. Three functional polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction amplification, restriction enzyme digestion, and DNA fragment separation by electrophoresis: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, MTHFR A1298C, and methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G polymorphisms. The prevalence of the homozygous genotype of MTR 2756GG in the SSNHL patients (9%) was significantly higher than in the control group (4%) (p = 0.011). The allelic frequency of the G allele of the MTR A2756G polymorphism among SSNHL patients (12.5%) was also significantly higher than in the control group (5%) (p = 0.033). The prevalence of patients possessing two polymorphisms (31%) and three polymorphisms (17%) in the SSNHL group was significantly higher than in the control group (23 and 9%, respectively; p = 0.019). The frequency of patients with a very high rank risk (double homozygous) was significantly higher in the SSNHL group, MTHFR 677TT/MTR 2675GG--7%, than the frequency of patients in the control group, MTHFR 677TT/MTR 2675GG--3% (p = 0.030). Certain polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes in the folate-dependent homocysteine metabolism are associated with SSNHL. In our case-control study, a significant association between MTR 2756GG genotype and SSNHL was found which may represent an inherited vascular risk factor in the pathogenesis of SSNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menachem Gross
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Shi Q, Zhang Z, Li G, Pillow PC, Hernandez LM, Spitz MR, Wei Q. Polymorphisms of methionine synthase and methionine synthase reductase and risk of lung cancer: a case-control analysis. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2006; 15:547-55. [PMID: 16006998 DOI: 10.1097/01.fpc.0000170916.96650.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although tobacco is the major lung cancer risk factor, folate deficiency has also been implicated as a risk. Methionine synthase (MS; gene symbol, MTR) and methionine synthase reductase (MSR; gene symbol, MTRR) play important roles in the folate metabolism pathway. It was hypothesized that polymorphisms of MTR and MTRR are associated with lung cancer risk and interact with dietary intake of folate-related nutrients in lung cancer etiology. In a hospital-based, case-control study of 1,035 lung cancer cases and 1,148 controls of non-Hispanic whites, frequency matched by age, sex, ethnicity and smoking status, the MTR 2756A>G and MTRR 66A>G polymorphisms were genotyped. It was found that the MTRRG allele was associated with a significantly increased lung cancer risk [adjusted odd ratio (OR)=1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-1.70 for the AG genotype and OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.08-1.78 for the GG genotype compared to the AA genotype]. Further analysis suggested some evidence of gene-diet interactions between the MTRR 66A>G polymorphism and dietary intake of total folate and vitamin B12. When the two polymorphisms were evaluated together by the number of the variant alleles (i.e. the MTR2756G and MTRR66A), lung cancer risk was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner (Ptrend=0.045). The risk of lung cancer was 1.29 (0.98-1.69) for one variant allele, and 1.36 (1.04-1.77) for two or more variant alleles compared to the wild-type (0 variant allele) genotype. In conclusion, our data provide evidence supporting the association between the MTR 2756A>G and MTRR 66A>G polymorphisms and lung cancer risk, which may be modulated by dietary nutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Karagas MR, Park S, Nelson HH, Andrew AS, Mott L, Schned A, Kelsey KT. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) variants and bladder cancer: A population-based case-control study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2005; 208:321-7. [PMID: 16217917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Functional variants in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, including the 677C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms, have been associated with a moderately reduced risk of several cancers, including colorectal cancers. While recent studies have investigated the role of these polymorphisms on bladder cancer susceptibility, results have been mixed. To clarify the role of MTHFR polymorphisms on bladder cancer risk, we genotyped MTHFR 677C > T and MTHFR 1298A > C in a population-based study of bladder cancer of 352 patients and 551 controls from New Hampshire, USA. The allelic frequency was 35.6% for MTHFR 677C>T and 40.4% for MTHFR 1298A > C among controls. We found no evidence of a main gene effect for either polymorphism (adjusted OR for MTHFR 677C>T variants versus the reference genotype = 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.4 and adjusted OR for MTHFR 1298A>C variants versus the reference genotype = 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7-1.4). Odds ratios did not appear to differ by smoking status or gender. We observed differences in the risk estimates for the MTHFR polymorphisms by arsenic exposure, but they were not statistically significant (P = 0.67 for MTHFR 677C > T and P = 0.12 for MTHFR 1298A>C). Thus, our findings do not support the presence of a main gene effect. The possibility that MTHFR polymorphism affects susceptibility to environmental exposures warrants further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Krajinovic M, Robaey P, Chiasson S, Lemieux-Blanchard E, Rouillard M, Primeau M, Bournissen FG, Moghrabi A. Polymorphisms of genes controlling homocysteine levels and IQ score following the treatment for childhood ALL. Pharmacogenomics 2005; 6:293-302. [PMID: 16013960 DOI: 10.1517/14622416.6.3.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: One of the causes of long-term morbidity associated with the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is late neurotoxicity manifesting as impairment of higher cognitive functions. Cranial radiation therapy (CRT) and chemotherapeutic agents, particularly methotrexate (MTX), are often suggested to be major contributing factors for its development. Homocysteinemia that arises as a result of MTX-induced folate depletion was proposed to play a role in MTX-related neurotoxicity. Several enzymes are essential to maintain the homocysteine levels. Their different functional forms, associated with common genetic polymorphisms, may modulate homocysteine levels and thereby influence MTX-associated neurotoxicity. Objectives: To test this hypothesis we assessed whether the variants of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase (MTR), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and endothelial nitric acid synthase (eNOS, NOS3) genes, acting either independently or in conjunction with other risk factors, influenced the cognitive functioning in ALL patients. The influence of the genes was measured by estimating the change in IQ scores over a period of 4 years post ALL diagnosis. Results: Two variants, the CBS 844ins68 polymorphism and NOS3 894T homozygosity, were associated with a change in IQ scores (p = 0.01 and 0.007, respectively). A multivariate model obtained through step-wise selection pointed to the importance of the NOS3 894TT genotype only. This effect appears to be dependent on CRT; IQ decline was apparent among individuals with the 894TT genotype who received radiation therapy (p = 0.03). Furthermore, additional factors affecting IQ were identified, including the treatment administered (i.e., CRT; p = 0.02) and a younger age at diagnosis (p = 0.003), and the modifying effect of the treatment protocols was also noted (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The results suggest that NOS3 genotyping might identify individuals that are susceptible to intellectual impairment following ALL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Krajinovic
- Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Service d'Hématologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada.
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Niu T, Xu X, Zhu G, Huo Y, Chen C, Wang X, Xing H, Peng S, Huang A, Hong X, Xu X. D919G polymorphism of methionine synthase gene is associated with blood pressure response to benazepril in Chinese hypertensive patients. J Hum Genet 2004; 49:296-301. [PMID: 15148588 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-004-0149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2003] [Accepted: 03/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Individual variation in drug response is considered to have multiple origins arising from interactions among susceptible genes and environmental factors. A total of 726 hypertensive patients who took benazepril 10 mg once a day for 15 days and their families from Huoqiu county of Anhui Province, China, were used to study the association between D919G polymorphism of methionine synthase (MTR) gene and the antihypertensive effect of this angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Compared to the 919D allele, both population-based ( P=0.010) and family-based association tests (additive model P=0.018, dominant model P=0.025) demonstrated that the 919G allele was associated with a significantly less diastolic blood pressure reduction. No significant association was found between the extent of systolic blood pressure reduction and benazepril therapy. Our finding suggests that the D919G polymorphism of the MTR gene may be a useful genetic marker to predict the antihypertensive effect of short-term benazepril therapy in hypertensive patients of Anhui Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Program for Population Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., FXB-101, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Minmin Zhang
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology in China, Hefei, China
| | - Tianhua Niu
- Program for Population Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., FXB-101, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Program for Population Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., FXB-101, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Changzhong Chen
- Program for Population Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., FXB-101, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- The Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Program, Children's Memorial Hospital and Children's Memorial Institute for Education and Research (CMIER), Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - Houxun Xing
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shaojie Peng
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Aiqun Huang
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology in China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiumei Hong
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology in China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Program for Population Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., FXB-101, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology in China, Hefei, China.
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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27
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Hayden MR, Tyagi SC. Homocysteine and reactive oxygen species in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atheroscleropathy: the pleiotropic effects of folate supplementation. Nutr J 2004; 3:4. [PMID: 15134582 PMCID: PMC420478 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-3-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2004] [Accepted: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine has emerged as a novel independent marker of risk for the development of cardiovascular disease over the past three decades. Additionally, there is a graded mortality risk associated with an elevated fasting plasma total homocysteine (tHcy). Metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are now considered to be a strong coronary heart disease (CHD) risk enhancer and a CHD risk equivalent respectively. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in patients with MS and T2DM would be expected to share a similar prevalence to the general population of five to seven percent and of even greater importance is: Declining glomerular filtration and overt diabetic nephropathy is a major determinant of tHcy elevation in MS and T2DM. There are multiple metabolic toxicities resulting in an excess of reactive oxygen species associated with MS, T2DM, and the accelerated atherosclerosis (atheroscleropathy). HHcy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and its individual role and how it interacts with the other multiple toxicities are presented. The water-soluble B vitamins (especially folate and cobalamin-vitamin B12) have been shown to lower HHcy. The absence of the cystathionine beta synthase enzyme in human vascular cells contributes to the importance of a dual role of folic acid in lowering tHcy through remethylation, as well as, its action of being an electron and hydrogen donor to the essential cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. This folate shuttle facilitates the important recoupling of the uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase enzyme reaction and may restore the synthesis of the omnipotent endothelial nitric oxide to the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Family and Community Medicine University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri PO BOX 1140 Lk. Rd. 5-87 Camdenton, Missouri 65020 USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics 500 South Preston Street University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky 40292 USA
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28
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Logar CM, Herzog CA, Beddhu S. Diagnosis and therapy of coronary artery disease in renal failure, end-stage renal disease, and renal transplant populations. Am J Med Sci 2003; 325:214-27. [PMID: 12695727 DOI: 10.1097/00000441-200304000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Even though cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with CRF and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), ill-conceived notions have led to therapeutic nihilism as the predominant strategy in the management of cardiovascular disease in these populations. The recent data clearly support the application of proven interventions in the general population, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins to patients with CRF and ESRD. The advances in coronary stents and intracoronary irradiation have decreased the restenosis rates in renal failure patients. Coronary artery bypass with internal mammary graft might be the procedure of choice for coronary revascularization in these patients. The role of screening for asymptomatic coronary disease is established as a pretransplant procedure, but it is unclear whether this will be applicable to all patients with ESRD. Future studies need to focus on unraveling the mechanisms by which uremia leads to increased cardiovascular events to design optimal therapies targeted toward these mechanisms and improve cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Logar
- Renal Section, Salt Lake VA Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
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29
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Hayden MR, Tyagi SC. Intimal redox stress: accelerated atherosclerosis in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atheroscleropathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2002; 1:3. [PMID: 12392600 PMCID: PMC140143 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-1-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2002] [Accepted: 09/27/2002] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, prediabetes, and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with an accelerated atherosclerosis (atheroscleropathy). This quartet is also associated with multiple metabolic toxicities resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species. The redox stress associated with these reactive oxygen species contribute to the development, progression, and the final fate of the arterial vessel wall in prediabetic and diabetic atheroscleropathy. The prevention of morbidity and mortality of these intersecting metabolic diseases can be approached through comprehensive global risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Adjunct Assistant Professor Department of Family and Community Medicine University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Assistant Professor Department of Physiology and Biophysics University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, USA
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