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Liu J, Hayden MR, Yang Y. Research progress of RP1L1 gene in disease. Gene 2024; 912:148367. [PMID: 38485037 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa 1-like 1 (RP1L1) is a component of photoreceptor cilia. Pathogenic variants in RP1L1 cause photoreceptor diseases, suggesting that RP1L1 plays an important role in photoreceptor biology, although its exact function is unknown. To date, RP1L1 variants have been associated with occult macular dystrophy (cone degeneration) and retinitis pigmentosa (rod degeneration). Here, we summarize the reported RP1L1-associated photoreceptor pathogenic mutations. The association between RP1L1 and other diseases (mainly several tumors) is also summarized and RP1L1 is included in a wider range of diseases. Finally, it is necessary to further explore the influence mechanism of RP1L1 gene on the health of photoreceptors and how it participates in the occurrence and development of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, RP, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China; University of Missouri School of Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, RP, USA.
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2
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Hayden MR. A Closer Look at the Perivascular Unit in the Development of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2024; 12:96. [PMID: 38255202 PMCID: PMC10813073 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The recently described perivascular unit (PVU) resides immediately adjacent to the true capillary neurovascular unit (NVU) in the postcapillary venule and contains the normal-benign perivascular spaces (PVS) and pathological enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS). The PVS are important in that they have recently been identified to be the construct and the conduit responsible for the delivery of metabolic waste from the interstitial fluid to the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid for disposal into the systemic circulation, termed the glymphatic system. Importantly, the outermost boundary of the PVS is lined by protoplasmic perivascular astrocyte endfeet (pvACef) that communicate with regional neurons. As compared to the well-recognized and described neurovascular unit (NVU) and NVU coupling, the PVU is less well understood and remains an emerging concept. The primary focus of this narrative review is to compare the similarities and differences between these two units and discuss each of their structural and functional relationships and how they relate not only to brain homeostasis but also how they may relate to the development of multiple clinical neurological disease states and specifically how they may relate to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, the concept and importance of a perisynaptic astrocyte coupling to the neuronal synapses with pre- and postsynaptic neurons will also be considered as a perisynaptic unit to provide for the creation of the information transfer in the brain via synaptic transmission and brain homeostasis. Multiple electron microscopic images and illustrations will be utilized in order to help explain these complex units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Hayden MR. The Brain Endothelial Cell Glycocalyx Plays a Crucial Role in the Development of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1955. [PMID: 37895337 PMCID: PMC10608474 DOI: 10.3390/life13101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain endothelial cell (BEC) glycocalyx (ecGCx) is a BEC surface coating consisting of a complex interwoven polysaccharide (sweet husk) mesh-like network of membrane-bound proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) covering the apical luminal layer of the brain endothelial cells. The ecGCx may be considered as the first barrier of a tripartite blood-brain barrier (BBB) consisting of (1) ecGCx; (2) BECs; and (3) an extravascular compartment of pericytes, the extracellular matrix, and perivascular astrocytes. Perturbations of this barrier allow for increased permeability in the postcapillary venule that will be permissive to both fluids, solutes, and proinflammatory peripherally derived leukocytes into the perivascular spaces (PVS) which result in enlargement as well as increased neuroinflammation. The ecGCx is known to have multiple functions, which include its physical and charge barrier, mechanical transduction, regulation of vascular permeability, modulation of inflammatory response, and anticoagulation functions. This review discusses each of the listed functions in detail and utilizes multiple transmission electron micrographs and illustrations to allow for a better understanding of the ecGCx structural and functional roles as it relates to enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS). This is the fifth review of a quintet series that discuss the importance of EPVS from the perspective of the cells of brain barriers. Attenuation and/or loss of the ecGCx results in brain barrier disruption with increased permeability to proinflammatory leukocytes, fluids, and solutes, which accumulate in the postcapillary venule perivascular spaces. This accumulation results in obstruction and results in EPVS with impaired waste removal of the recently recognized glymphatic system. Importantly, EPVS are increasingly being regarded as a marker of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Hayden MR. Brain Injury: Response to Injury Wound-Healing Mechanisms and Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1337. [PMID: 37512148 PMCID: PMC10385746 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic genetic mechanisms are present in the brain and ready to be placed into action upon cellular injury, termed the response to injury wound-healing (RTIWH) mechanism. When injured, regional brain endothelial cells initially undergo activation and dysfunction with initiation of hemostasis, inflammation (peripheral leukocytes, innate microglia, and perivascular macrophage cells), proliferation (astrogliosis), remodeling, repair, and resolution phases if the injurious stimuli are removed. In conditions wherein the injurious stimuli are chronic, as occurs in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, this process does not undergo resolution and there is persistent RTIWH with remodeling. Indeed, the brain is unique, in that it utilizes its neuroglia: the microglia cell, along with peripheral inflammatory cells and its astroglia, instead of peripheral scar-forming fibrocytes/fibroblasts. The brain undergoes astrogliosis to form a gliosis scar instead of a fibrosis scar to protect the surrounding neuropil from regional parenchymal injury. One of the unique and evolving remodeling changes in the brain is the development of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVSs), which is the focus of this brief review. EPVSs are important since they serve as a biomarker for cerebral small vessel disease and also represent an impairment of the effluxing glymphatic system that is important for the clearance of metabolic waste from the interstitial fluid to the cerebrospinal fluid, and disposal. Therefore, it is important to better understand how the RTIWH mechanism is involved in the development of EPVSs that are closely associated with and important to the development of premature and age-related cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases with impaired cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Hayden MR. Brain Endothelial Cells Play a Central Role in the Development of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in the Metabolic Syndrome. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1124. [PMID: 37374328 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Brain capillary endothelial cell(s) (BECs) have numerous functions, including their semipermeable interface-barrier (transfer and diffusion of solutes), trophic (metabolic homeostasis), tonic (vascular hemodynamics), and trafficking (vascular permeability, coagulation, and leukocyte extravasation) functions to provide brain homeostasis. BECs also serve as the brain's sentinel cell of the innate immune system and are capable of antigen presentation. In metabolic syndrome (MetS), there are two regions resulting in the proinflammatory signaling of BECs, namely visceral adipose tissue depots supplying excessive peripheral cytokines/chemokines (pCCs) and gut microbiota dysbiotic regions supplying excessive soluble lipopolysaccharide (sLPS), small LPS-enriched extracellular vesicle exosomes (lpsEVexos), and pCCs. This dual signaling of BECs at their receptor sites results in BEC activation and dysfunction (BECact/dys) and neuroinflammation. sLPS and lpsEVexos signal BECs' toll-like receptor 4, which then signals translocated nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB). Translocated NFkB promotes the synthesis and secretion of BEC proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Specifically, the chemokine CCL5 (RANTES) is capable of attracting microglia cells to BECs. BEC neuroinflammation activates perivascular space(s) (PVS) resident macrophages. Excessive phagocytosis by reactive resident PVS macrophages results in a stagnation-like obstruction, which along with increased capillary permeability due to BECact/dys could expand the fluid volume within the PVS to result in enlarged PVS (EPVS). Importantly, this remodeling may result in pre- and post-capillary EPVS that would contribute to their identification on T2-weighted MRI, which are considered to be biomarkers for cerebral small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Shulyatnikova T, Hayden MR. Why Are Perivascular Spaces Important? Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:medicina59050917. [PMID: 37241149 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular spaces (PVS) and their enlargement (EPVS) have been gaining interest as EPVS can be visualized non-invasively by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when viewing T-2-weighted images. EPVS are most commonly observed in the regions of the basal ganglia and the centrum semiovale; however, they have also been identified in the frontal cortex and hippocampal regions. EPVS are known to be increased in aging and hypertension, and are considered to be a biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Interest in EPVS has been significantly increased because these PVS are now considered to be an essential conduit necessary for the glymphatic pathway to provide the necessary efflux of metabolic waste. Metabolic waste includes misfolded proteins of amyloid beta and tau that are known to accumulate in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) within the interstitial fluid that is delivered to the subarachnoid space and eventually the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). The CSF acts as a sink for accumulating neurotoxicities and allows clinical screening to potentially detect if LOAD may be developing early on in its clinical progression via spinal fluid examination. EPVS are thought to occur by obstruction of the PVS that associates with excessive neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular stiffening that impairs flow due to a dampening of the arterial and arteriolar pulsatility that aids in the convective flow of the metabolic debris within the glymphatic effluxing system. Additionally, increased EPVS has also been associated with Parkinson's disease and non-age-related multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Shulyatnikova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Mayakovsky Avenue, 26, 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Hayden MR. Overview and New Insights into the Metabolic Syndrome: Risk Factors and Emerging Variables in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Cerebrocardiovascular Disease. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030561. [PMID: 36984562 PMCID: PMC10059871 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered a metabolic disorder that has been steadily increasing globally and seems to parallel the increasing prevalence of obesity. It consists of a cluster of risk factors which traditionally includes obesity and hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. These four core risk factors are associated with insulin resistance (IR) and, importantly, the MetS is known to increase the risk for developing cerebrocardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The MetS had its early origins in IR and syndrome X. It has undergone numerous name changes, with additional risk factors and variables being added over the years; however, it has remained as the MetS worldwide for the past three decades. This overview continues to add novel insights to the MetS and suggests that leptin resistance with hyperleptinemia, aberrant mitochondrial stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism with hyperhomocysteinemia, vascular stiffening, microalbuminuria, and visceral adipose tissues extracellular vesicle exosomes be added to the list of associated variables. Notably, the role of a dysfunctional and activated endothelium and deficient nitric oxide bioavailability along with a dysfunctional and attenuated endothelial glycocalyx, vascular inflammation, systemic metainflammation, and the important role of ROS and reactive species interactome are discussed. With new insights and knowledge regarding the MetS comes the possibility of new findings through further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Aroor A, DeMarco VG, Whaley-Connell AT, Jia G, Yang Y, Sharma N, Naz H, Hans C, Hayden MR, Hill MA, Sowers JR, Manrique-Acevedo C, Lastra G. Endothelial cell-specific mineralocorticoid receptor activation promotes diastolic dysfunction in diet-induced obese male mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R90-R101. [PMID: 36440901 PMCID: PMC9799154 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00274.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Widespread consumption of diets high in fat and fructose (Western diet, WD) has led to increased prevalence of obesity and diastolic dysfunction (DD). DD is a prominent feature of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the underlying mechanisms of DD are poorly understood, and treatment options are still limited. We have previously shown that deletion of the cell-specific mineralocorticoid receptor in endothelial cells (ECMR) abrogates DD induced by WD feeding in female mice. However, the specific role of ECMR activation in the pathogenesis of DD in male mice has not been clarified. Therefore, we fed 4-wk-old ECMR knockout (ECMRKO) male mice and littermates (LM) with either a WD or chow diet (CD) for 16 wk. WD feeding resulted in DD characterized by increased left ventricle (LV) filling pressure (E/e') and diastolic stiffness [E/e'/LV inner diameter at end diastole (LVIDd)]. Compared with CD, WD in LM resulted in increased myocardial macrophage infiltration, oxidative stress, and increased myocardial phosphorylation of Akt, in concert with decreased phospholamban phosphorylation. WD also resulted in focal cardiomyocyte remodeling, characterized by areas of sarcomeric disorganization, loss of mitochondrial electron density, and mitochondrial fragmentation. Conversely, WD-induced DD and associated biochemical and structural abnormalities were prevented by ECMR deletion. In contrast with our previously reported observations in females, WD-fed male mice exhibited enhanced Akt signaling and a lower magnitude of cardiac injury. Collectively, our data support a critical role for ECMR in obesity-induced DD and suggest critical mechanistic differences in the genesis of DD between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annayya Aroor
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yan Yang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Neekun Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Huma Naz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Chetan Hans
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James R Sowers
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guido Lastra
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
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Yang Y, Yang K, Xiong Y, He Y, Zhou Y, Hayden MR. Phosphate Toxicity and Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Closer Look Utilizing Transmission Electron Microscopy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2023; 24:621-639. [PMID: 37496135 DOI: 10.2174/1389203724666230726151019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Hyperphosphatemia is independently linked with vascular calcification, cardiovascular disease, bone-mineral disease, progression of renal insufficiency, and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The emerging importance of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and its co-factor Klotho play very important roles as phosphaturic hormones; however, phosphate levels rise due to a loss of renal Klotho production and the phosphaturic effects of the FGF-23/Klotho axis. Hyperphosphatemia is also associated with calciphylaxis, acceleration of renal tubulointerstitial disease, renal osteodystrophy, and uremic cardiomyopathy. This review incorporates ultrastructural remodeling of the thoracic aorta to provide a different perspective on vascular calcification. Nine-week-old male heterozygous (mRen2) 27 (Ren2) rat models of hypertension, insulin resistance, vascular oxidative stress and albuminuria are utilized to demonstrate aortic remodeling associated with vascular calcification. Nine-week-old male Zucker obese (fa/fa) rat models are utilized to better understand nephrolith formation. Phosphate homeostasis, toxicity, multiple metabolic and uremic toxicities, renal osteodystrophy, and vascular calcification are also discussed. Additionally, the role of the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells, inflammatory monocytes/macrophages and mast cells, pericytes, oxidative stress, hydrogen sulfide, and extraosseous calcification in the kidney are discussed as they relate to CKD, ESRD and calciphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, China
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
| | - Ke Yang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuxin Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, China
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
| | - Yusong He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, China
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
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Habibi J, DeMarco VG, Hulse JL, Hayden MR, Whaley-Connell A, Hill MA, Sowers JR, Jia G. Inhibition of sphingomyelinase attenuates diet - Induced increases in aortic stiffness. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 167:32-39. [PMID: 35331697 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelinases ensure ceramide production and play an integral role in cell turnover, inward budding of vesicles and outward release of exosomes. Recent data indicate a unique role for neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) in the control of ceramide-dependent exosome release and inflammatory pathways. Further, while inhibition of nSMase in vascular tissue attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis, little is known regarding its role on metabolic signaling and arterial vasomotor function. Accordingly, we hypothesized that nSMase inhibition with GW4869, would attenuate Western diet (WD) - induced increases in aortic stiffness through alterations in pathways which lead to oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular remodeling. Six week-old female C57BL/6L mice were fed either a WD containing excess fat (46%) and fructose (17.5%) for 16 weeks or a standard chow diet (CD). Mice were variably treated with GW4869 (2.0 μg/g body weight, intraperitoneal injection every 48 h for 12 weeks). WD feeding increased nSMase2 expression and activation while causing aortic stiffening and impaired vasorelaxation as determined by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and wire myography, respectively. Moreover, these functional abnormalities were associated with aortic remodeling and attenuated AMP-activated protein kinase, Sirtuin 1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation. GW4869 treatment prevented the WD-induced increases in nSMase activation, PWV, and impaired endothelium dependent/independent vascular relaxation. GW4869 also inhibited WD-induced aortic CD36 expression, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, as well as aortic remodeling. These findings indicate that targeting nSMase prevents diet - induced aortic stiffening and impaired vascular relaxation by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and adverse vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Habibi
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jack L Hulse
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medicine - Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medicine - Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Bai CF, Shen GH, Yang Y, Yang K, Hayden MR, Zhou YY, Geng XQ. Correction to: Subacute thyroiditis during early pregnancy: a case report and literature review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:86. [PMID: 35100971 PMCID: PMC8805282 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Fang Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guang-Hui Shen
- Institute of Pediatrics of Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Vascular and Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan Province, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, 650031, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xing-Qian Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan Province, China
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12
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Bai CF, Shen GH, Yang Y, Yang K, R Hayden M, Geng XQ. Subacute thyroiditis during early pregnancy: a case report and literature review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:19. [PMID: 34996368 PMCID: PMC8742321 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is rarely diagnosed in pregnant women, and only 7 cases have been reported to date. Thyroid dysfunction, especially hyperthyroidism, during pregnancy has been associated with both maternal and neonatal complications. Thus, the early diagnosis and treatment of SAT during pregnancy may be beneficial. We present a case report and literature review to complement the diagnostic evaluation and management of SAT during pregnancy. CASE PRESENTATION A 27-year-old woman presented in gestational week 17 of her first pregnancy and had a negative prior medical history. She presented to the Endocrinology Department complaining of neck pain for one month that had intensified in the last five days. Physical examination revealed a diffusely enlarged thyroid gland that was firm and tender on palpation. The patient also had an elevated temperature and heart rate. The increasing and long-lasting pain coupled with a decreased level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicated hyperthyroidism. Ultrasound findings were indicative of SAT. Importantly, the pain was so severe that 10 mg of oral prednisone per day was administered in gestational week 18, which was increased to 15 mg/d after 10 days that was discontinued in week 28. Levothyroxine was started in gestational week 24 and administered throughout the pregnancy. The patient responded well to the treatments, and her neck pain disappeared in gestational week 21. She gave birth to a healthy male in gestational week 41. CONCLUSION SAT can be diagnosed and effectively managed during pregnancy, thus benefiting mothers and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Fang Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guang-Hui Shen
- Institute of Pediatrics of Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Vascular and Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Departments of Internal Medicine , Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism , Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Xing-Qian Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan Province, China
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13
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Hayden MR, Tyagi SC. Impaired Folate-Mediated One-Carbon Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes, Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Long COVID. Medicina (Kaunas) 2021; 58:16. [PMID: 35056324 PMCID: PMC8779539 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Impaired folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) is associated with many pathologies and developmental abnormalities. FOCM is a metabolic network of interdependent biosynthetic pathways that is known to be compartmentalized in the cytoplasm, mitochondria and nucleus. Currently, the biochemical mechanisms and causal metabolic pathways responsible for the initiation and/or progression of folate-associated pathologies have yet to be fully established. This review specifically examines the role of impaired FOCM in type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and the emerging Long COVID/post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Importantly, elevated homocysteine may be considered a biomarker for impaired FOCM, which is known to result in increased oxidative-redox stress. Therefore, the incorporation of hyperhomocysteinemia will be discussed in relation to impaired FOCM in each of the previously listed clinical diseases. This review is intended to fill gaps in knowledge associated with these clinical diseases and impaired FOCM. Additionally, some of the therapeutics will be discussed at this early time point in studying impaired FOCM in each of the above clinical disease states. It is hoped that this review will allow the reader to better understand the role of FOCM in the development and treatment of clinical disease states that may be associated with impaired FOCM and how to restore a more normal functional role for FOCM through improved nutrition and/or restoring the essential water-soluble B vitamins through oral supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R. Hayden
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Suresh C. Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
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14
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du Preez HN, Aldous C, Hayden MR, Kruger HG, Lin J. Pathogenesis of COVID-19 described through the lens of an undersulfated and degraded epithelial and endothelial glycocalyx. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22052. [PMID: 34862979 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101100rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The glycocalyx surrounds every eukaryotic cell and is a complex mesh of proteins and carbohydrates. It consists of proteoglycans with glycosaminoglycan side chains, which are highly sulfated under normal physiological conditions. The degree of sulfation and the position of the sulfate groups mainly determine biological function. The intact highly sulfated glycocalyx of the epithelium may repel severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through electrostatic forces. However, if the glycocalyx is undersulfated and 3-O-sulfotransferase 3B (3OST-3B) is overexpressed, as is the case during chronic inflammatory conditions, SARS-CoV-2 entry may be facilitated by the glycocalyx. The degree of sulfation and position of the sulfate groups will also affect functions such as immune modulation, the inflammatory response, vascular permeability and tone, coagulation, mediation of sheer stress, and protection against oxidative stress. The rate-limiting factor to sulfation is the availability of inorganic sulfate. Various genetic and epigenetic factors will affect sulfur metabolism and inorganic sulfate availability, such as various dietary factors, and exposure to drugs, environmental toxins, and biotoxins, which will deplete inorganic sulfate. The role that undersulfation plays in the various comorbid conditions that predispose to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is also considered. The undersulfated glycocalyx may not only increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but would also result in a hyperinflammatory response, vascular permeability, and shedding of the glycocalyx components, giving rise to a procoagulant and antifibrinolytic state and eventual multiple organ failure. These symptoms relate to a diagnosis of systemic septic shock seen in almost all COVID-19 deaths. The focus of prevention and treatment protocols proposed is the preservation of epithelial and endothelial glycocalyx integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi N du Preez
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Colleen Aldous
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hendrik G Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Johnson Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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15
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Hayden MR, Banks WA. Deficient Leptin Cellular Signaling Plays a Key Role in Brain Ultrastructural Remodeling in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5427. [PMID: 34063911 PMCID: PMC8196569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The triad of obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and advancing age are currently global societal problems that are expected to grow over the coming decades. This triad is associated with multiple end-organ complications of diabetic vasculopathy (maco-microvessel disease), neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, cognopathy encephalopathy and/or late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Further, obesity, MetS, T2DM and their complications are associated with economical and individual family burdens. This review with original data focuses on the white adipose tissue-derived adipokine/hormone leptin and how its deficient signaling is associated with brain remodeling in hyperphagic, obese, or hyperglycemic female mice. Specifically, the ultrastructural remodeling of the capillary neurovascular unit, brain endothelial cells (BECs) and their endothelial glycocalyx (ecGCx), the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the ventricular ependymal cells, choroid plexus, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), and tanycytes are examined in female mice with impaired leptin signaling from either dysfunction of the leptin receptor (DIO and db/db models) or the novel leptin deficiency (BTBR ob/ob model).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R. Hayden
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - William A. Banks
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, 810C/Bldg 1, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
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16
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Nistala R, Meuth AI, Smith C, An J, Habibi J, Hayden MR, Johnson M, Aroor A, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR, McKarns SC, Bender SB. DPP4 inhibition mitigates ANG II-mediated kidney immune activation and injury in male mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F505-F517. [PMID: 33522410 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00565.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibition with saxagliptin (Saxa) is renoprotective under comorbid conditions associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, which confer a high cardiovascular risk. Immune system activation is now recognized as a contributor to RAAS-mediated tissue injury, and, importantly, immunomodulatory effects of DPP4 have been reported. Accordingly, we examined the hypothesis that DPP4 inhibition with Saxa attenuates angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced kidney injury and albuminuria via attenuation of immune activation in the kidney. To this end, male mice were infused with either vehicle or ANG II (1,000 ng/kg/min, s.c.) for 3 wk and received either placebo or Saxa (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) during the final 2 wk. ANG II infusion increased kidney, but not plasma, DPP4 activity in vivo as well as DPP4 activity in cultured proximal tubule cells. The latter was prevented by angiotensin receptor blockade with olmesartan. Further, ANG II induced hypertension and kidney injury characterized by mesangial expansion, mitochondrial damage, reduced brush border megalin expression, and albuminuria. Saxa inhibited DPP4 activity ∼50% in vivo and attenuated ANG II-mediated kidney injury, independent of blood pressure. Further mechanistic experiments revealed mitigation by Saxa of proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators activated by ANG II in the kidney, including CD8+ T cells, resident macrophages (CD11bhiF4/80loLy6C-), and neutrophils. In addition, Saxa improved ANG II suppressed anti-inflammatory regulatory T cell and T helper 2 lymphocyte activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate, for the first time, blood pressure-independent involvement of renal DPP4 activation contributing to RAAS-dependent kidney injury and immune activation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work highlights the role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) in promoting ANG II-mediated kidney inflammation and injury. Specifically, ANG II infusion in mice led to increases in blood pressure and kidney DPP4 activity, which then led to activation of CD8+ T cells, Ly6C- macrophages, and neutrophils and suppression of anti-inflammatory T helper 2 lymphocytes and regulatory T cells. Collectively, this led to kidney injury, characterized by mesangial expansion, mitochondrial damage, and albuminuria, which were mitigated by DPP4 inhibition independent of blood pressure reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Nistala
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Alex I Meuth
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jianzhong An
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - M R Hayden
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Megan Johnson
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Annayya Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Susan C McKarns
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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17
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Hayden MR. An Immediate and Long-Term Complication of COVID-19 May Be Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Central Role of β-Cell Dysfunction, Apoptosis and Exploration of Possible Mechanisms. Cells 2020; 9:E2475. [PMID: 33202960 PMCID: PMC7697826 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 19 March 2020. This pandemic is associated with markedly elevated blood glucose levels and a remarkable degree of insulin resistance, which suggests pancreatic islet β-cell dysfunction or apoptosis and insulin's inability to dispose of glucose into cellular tissues. Diabetes is known to be one of the top pre-existing co-morbidities associated with the severity of COVID-19 along with hypertension, cardiocerebrovascular disease, advanced age, male gender, and recently obesity. This review focuses on how COVID-19 may be responsible for the accelerated development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as one of its acute and suspected long-term complications. These observations implicate an active role of metabolic syndrome, systemic and tissue islet renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, redox stress, inflammation, islet fibrosis, amyloid deposition along with β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis in those who develop T2DM. Utilizing light and electron microscopy in preclinical rodent models and human islets may help to better understand how COVID-19 accelerates islet and β-cell injury and remodeling to result in the long-term complications of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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18
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Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection is a serious global concern. Increased morbidity and mortality is associated with older age, male gender, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and smoking. As COVID-19 spreads from coastal borders, both state to state and country to country, our understanding of its pathophysiology has evolved. Age and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) play especially important roles in COVID-19 progression. T2DM is an age-related disease associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemia), hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and endothelial activation and dysfunction. This review evaluates the relationships and intersection between endothelial cell activation and dysfunction in T2DM and COVID-19. COVID-19 induces multiple injuries of the terminal bronchioles and alveolar blood-gas barrier and associated ultrastructural tissue remodeling. COVID-19 may unmask multiple vulnerabilities associated with T2DM including damage to the endothelial glycocalyx and multiple end-organ macro and microvascular diseases. Unmasking existing vulnerabilities in diabetic patients with COVID-19 is important. Globally, we must come together to better understand why T2DM is associated with increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Camdenton, Missouri, USA.,Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Camdenton, Missouri, USA.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Camdenton, Missouri, USA
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19
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Hayden MR. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Increases The Risk of Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease: Ultrastructural Remodeling of the Neurovascular Unit and Diabetic Gliopathy. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9100262. [PMID: 31569571 PMCID: PMC6826500 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease–dementia (LOAD) are increasing in global prevalence and current predictions indicate they will only increase over the coming decades. These increases may be a result of the concurrent increases of obesity and aging. T2DM is associated with cognitive impairments and metabolic factors, which increase the cellular vulnerability to develop an increased risk of age-related LOAD. This review addresses possible mechanisms due to obesity, aging, multiple intersections between T2DM and LOAD and mechanisms for the continuum of progression. Multiple ultrastructural images in female diabetic db/db models are utilized to demonstrate marked cellular remodeling changes of mural and glia cells and provide for the discussion of functional changes in T2DM. Throughout this review multiple endeavors to demonstrate how T2DM increases the vulnerability of the brain’s neurovascular unit (NVU), neuroglia and neurons are presented. Five major intersecting links are considered: i. Aging (chronic age-related diseases); ii. metabolic (hyperglycemia advanced glycation end products and its receptor (AGE/RAGE) interactions and hyperinsulinemia-insulin resistance (a linking linchpin); iii. oxidative stress (reactive oxygen–nitrogen species); iv. inflammation (peripheral macrophage and central brain microglia); v. vascular (macrovascular accelerated atherosclerosis—vascular stiffening and microvascular NVU/neuroglial remodeling) with resulting impaired cerebral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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20
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Hayden MR. Hypothesis: Astrocyte Foot Processes Detachment from the Neurovascular Unit in Female Diabetic Mice May Impair Modulation of Information Processing-Six Degrees of Separation. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9040083. [PMID: 31013991 PMCID: PMC6523904 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes via their foot processes (ACfp) are specialized connecting cells, and they structurally connect the neurovascular unit (NVU) mural cells to neurons. Astrocytes provide homeostatic mechanisms for structural connections and provide communication between the NVU and regional neurons for functional hyperemia in regions of increased neuronal activity (neurovascular coupling). Previously, our group has demonstrated a detachment, separation, and retraction of ACfp in diabetic db/db females (DBC). It was hypothesized that a loss of adherent ACfp/NVU could result in the known impaired cognition in DBC. Additionally hypothesized was that empagliflozin treatment could protect DBC ACfp/NVU remodeling. This study demonstrates a significant loss of ACfp/NVU numbers in DBC and a protection of this loss by empagliflozin treatment (DBE). The number of intact ACfp/NVU was 6.45 ± 1.1 in control heterozygous (CKC) vs. 1.88 ± 0.72 in DBC (p < 0.05) and 5.86 ± 0.88 in DBE vs. DBC (p < 0.05) by visually hand-counting the capillary NVUs (22 in CKC, 25 in DBC, and 22 in DBE). These findings suggest that empagliflozin provides neuroprotection via the prevention of ACfp separation in DBE as compared to diabetic DBC. Furthermore, a loss of ACfp/NVU numbers in DBC may correspond with a negative modulation of informational processing, and the protection of ACfp/NVU numbers could provide a protective modulation in DBE models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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21
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Habibi J, Aroor AR, Das NA, Manrique-Acevedo CM, Johnson MS, Hayden MR, Nistala R, Wiedmeyer C, Chandrasekar B, DeMarco VG. The combination of a neprilysin inhibitor (sacubitril) and angiotensin-II receptor blocker (valsartan) attenuates glomerular and tubular injury in the Zucker Obese rat. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:40. [PMID: 30909895 PMCID: PMC6432760 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury, proteinuria and remodeling. Here we examined whether the combination of an inhibitor of neprilysin (sacubitril), a natriuretic peptide-degrading enzyme, and an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (valsartan), suppresses renal injury in a pre-clinical model of early DN more effectively than valsartan monotherapy. METHODS Sixty-four male Zucker Obese rats (ZO) at 16 weeks of age were distributed into 4 different groups: Group 1: saline control (ZOC); Group 2: sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) (68 mg kg-1 day-1; ZOSV); and Group 3: valsartan (val) (31 mg kg-1 day-1; ZOV). Group 4 received hydralazine, an anti-hypertensive drug (30 mg kg-1 day-1, ZOH). Six Zucker Lean (ZL) rats received saline (Group 5) and served as lean controls (ZLC). Drugs were administered daily for 10 weeks by oral gavage. RESULTS Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased in ZOC (+ 28%), but not in ZOSV (- 4.2%), ZOV (- 3.9%) or ZOH (- 3.7%), during the 10 week-study period. ZOC were mildly hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and hypercholesterolemic. ZOC exhibited proteinuria, hyperfiltration, elevated renal resistivity index (RRI), glomerular mesangial expansion and podocyte foot process flattening and effacement, reduced nephrin and podocin expression, tubulointerstitial and periarterial fibrosis, increased NOX2, NOX4 and AT1R expression, glomerular and tubular nitroso-oxidative stress, with associated increases in urinary markers of tubular injury. None of the drugs reduced fasting glucose or HbA1c. Hypercholesterolemia was reduced in ZOSV (- 43%) and ZOV (- 34%) (p < 0.05), but not in ZOH (- 13%) (ZOSV > ZOV > ZOH). Proteinuria was ameliorated in ZOSV (- 47%; p < 0.05) and ZOV (- 30%; p > 0.05), but was exacerbated in ZOH (+ 28%; p > 0.05) (ZOSV > ZOV > ZOH). Compared to ZOC, hyperfiltration was improved in ZOSV (p < 0.05 vs ZOC), but not in ZOV or ZOH. None of the drugs improved RRI. Mesangial expansion was reduced by all 3 treatments (ZOV > ZOSV > ZOH). Importantly, sac/val was more effective in improving podocyte and tubular mitochondrial ultrastructure than val or hydralazine (ZOSV > ZOV > ZOH) and this was associated with increases in nephrin and podocin gene expression in ZOSV (p < 0.05), but not ZOV or ZOH. Periarterial and tubulointerstitial fibrosis and nitroso-oxidative stress were reduced in all 3 treatment groups to a similar extent. Of the eight urinary proximal tubule cell injury markers examined, five were elevated in ZOC (p < 0.05). Clusterin and KIM-1 were reduced in ZOSV (p < 0.05), clusterin alone was reduced in ZOV and no markers were reduced in ZOH (ZOSV > ZOV > ZOH). CONCLUSIONS Compared to val monotherapy, sac/val was more effective in reducing proteinuria, renal ultrastructure and tubular injury in a clinically relevant animal model of early DN. More importantly, these renoprotective effects were independent of improvements in blood pressure, glycemia and nitroso-oxidative stress. These novel findings warrant future clinical investigations designed to test whether sac/val may offer renoprotection in the setting of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Nitin A Das
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Camila M Manrique-Acevedo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Megan S Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Charles Wiedmeyer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Missour, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA. .,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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22
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Hayden MR, Grant DG, Aroor AR, DeMarco VG. Empagliflozin Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes-Induced Ultrastructural Remodeling of the Neurovascular Unit and Neuroglia in the Female db/ db Mouse. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9030057. [PMID: 30866531 PMCID: PMC6468773 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with diabetic cognopathy. Anti-hyperglycemic sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown promise in reducing cognitive impairment in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We recently described marked ultrastructural (US) remodeling of the neurovascular unit (NVU) in type 2 diabetic db/db female mice. Herein, we tested whether the SGLT-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), protects the NVU from abnormal remodeling in cortical gray and subcortical white matter. Ten-week-old female wild-type and db/db mice were divided into lean controls (CKC, n = 3), untreated db/db (DBC, n = 3), and EMPA-treated db/db (DBE, n = 3). Empagliflozin was added to mouse chow to deliver 10 mg kg−1 day−1 and fed for ten weeks, initiated at 10 weeks of age. Brains from 20-week-old mice were immediately immersion fixed for transmission electron microscopic study. Compared to CKC, DBC exhibited US abnormalities characterized by mural endothelial cell tight and adherens junction attenuation and/or loss, pericyte attenuation and/or loss, basement membrane thickening, glia astrocyte activation with detachment and retraction from mural cells, microglia cell activation with aberrant mitochondria, and oligodendrocyte–myelin splitting, disarray, and axonal collapse. We conclude that these abnormalities in the NVU were prevented in DBE. Empagliflozin may provide neuroprotection in the diabetic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - DeAna G Grant
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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23
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Aroor AR, Das NA, Carpenter AJ, Habibi J, Jia G, Ramirez-Perez FI, Martinez-Lemus L, Manrique-Acevedo CM, Hayden MR, Duta C, Nistala R, Mayoux E, Padilla J, Chandrasekar B, DeMarco VG. Glycemic control by the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin decreases aortic stiffness, renal resistivity index and kidney injury. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:108. [PMID: 30060748 PMCID: PMC6065158 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arterial stiffness is emerging as an independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease. The sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which lower serum glucose by inhibiting SGLT2-mediated glucose reabsorption in renal proximal tubules, have shown promise in reducing arterial stiffness and the risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since hyperglycemia contributes to arterial stiffness, we hypothesized that the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (EMPA) would improve endothelial function, reduce aortic stiffness, and attenuate kidney disease by lowering hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic female mice (db/db). Materials/methods Ten-week-old female wild-type control (C57BLKS/J) and db/db (BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/+Leprdb/J) mice were divided into three groups: lean untreated controls (CkC, n = 17), untreated db/db (DbC, n = 19) and EMPA-treated db/db mice (DbE, n = 19). EMPA was mixed with normal mouse chow at a concentration to deliver 10 mg kg−1 day−1, and fed for 5 weeks, initiated at 11 weeks of age. Results Compared to CkC, DbC showed increased glucose levels, blood pressure, aortic and endothelial cell stiffness, and impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Furthermore, DbC exhibited impaired activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, increased renal resistivity and pulsatility indexes, enhanced renal expression of advanced glycation end products, and periarterial and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. EMPA promoted glycosuria and blunted these vascular and renal impairments, without affecting increases in blood pressure. In addition, expression of “reversion inducing cysteine rich protein with Kazal motifs” (RECK), an anti-fibrotic mediator, was significantly suppressed in DbC kidneys and partially restored by EMPA. Confirming the in vivo data, EMPA reversed high glucose-induced RECK suppression in human proximal tubule cells. Conclusions Empagliflozin ameliorates kidney injury in type 2 diabetic female mice by promoting glycosuria, and possibly by reducing systemic and renal artery stiffness, and reversing RECK suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Nitin A Das
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andrea J Carpenter
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Luis Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Camila M Manrique-Acevedo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Cornel Duta
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Eric Mayoux
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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24
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Wright GEB, Carleton B, Hayden MR, Ross CJD. The global spectrum of protein-coding pharmacogenomic diversity. Pharmacogenomics J 2018; 18:187-195. [PMID: 27779249 PMCID: PMC5817389 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Differences in response to medications have a strong genetic component. By leveraging publically available data, the spectrum of such genomic variation can be investigated extensively. Pharmacogenomic variation was extracted from the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3 data (2504 individuals, 26 global populations). A total of 12 084 genetic variants were found in 120 pharmacogenes, with the majority (90.0%) classified as rare variants (global minor allele frequency <0.5%), with 52.9% being singletons. Common variation clustered individuals into continental super-populations and 23 pharmacogenes contained highly differentiated variants (FST>0.5) for one or more super-population comparison. A median of three clinical variants (PharmGKB level 1A/B) was found per individual, and 55.4% of individuals carried loss-of-function variants, varying by super-population (East Asian 60.9%>African 60.1%>South Asian 60.3%>European 49.3%>Admixed 39.2%). Genome sequencing can therefore identify clinical pharmacogenomic variation, and future studies need to consider rare variation to understand the spectrum of genetic diversity contributing to drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E B Wright
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B Carleton
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M R Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C J D Ross
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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25
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Lastra G, Manrique C, Jia G, Aroor AR, Hayden MR, Barron BJ, Niles B, Padilla J, Sowers JR. Xanthine oxidase inhibition protects against Western diet-induced aortic stiffness and impaired vasorelaxation in female mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R67-R77. [PMID: 28539355 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00483.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat, high-fructose diet [Western diet (WD)] promotes vascular stiffness, a critical factor in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obese and diabetic women exhibit greater arterial stiffness than men, which contributes to the increased incidence of CVD in these women. Furthermore, high-fructose diets result in elevated plasma concentrations of uric acid via xanthine oxidase (XO) activation, and uric acid elevation is also associated with increased vascular stiffness. However, the mechanisms by which increased xanthine oxidase activity and uric acid contribute to vascular stiffness in obese females remain to be fully uncovered. Accordingly, we examined the impact of XO inhibition on endothelial function and vascular stiffness in female C57BL/6J mice fed a WD or regular chow for 16 wk. WD feeding resulted in increased arterial stiffness, measured by atomic force microscopy in aortic explants (16.19 ± 1.72 vs. 5.21 ± 0.54 kPa, P < 0.05), as well as abnormal aortic endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxation. XO inhibition with allopurinol (widely utilized in the clinical setting) substantially improved vascular relaxation and attenuated stiffness (16.9 ± 0.50 vs. 3.44 ± 0.50 kPa, P < 0.05) while simultaneously lowering serum uric acid levels (0.55 ± 0.98 vs. 0.21 ± 0.04 mg/dL, P < 0.05). In addition, allopurinol improved WD-induced markers of fibrosis and oxidative stress in aortic tissue, as analyzed by immunohistochemistry and transmission electronic microscopy. Collectively, these results demonstrate that XO inhibition protects against WD-induced vascular oxidative stress, fibrosis, impaired vasorelaxation, and aortic stiffness in females. Furthermore, excessive oxidative stress resulting from XO activation appears to play a key role in mediating vascular dysfunction induced by chronic exposure to WD consumption in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Lastra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; .,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Research Service Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Camila Manrique
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Research Service Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Research Service Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Research Service Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Research Service Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Brady J Barron
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Research Service Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Brett Niles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Research Service Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Research Service Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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26
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Aroor AR, Habibi J, Kandikattu HK, Garro-Kacher M, Barron B, Chen D, Hayden MR, Whaley-Connell A, Bender SB, Klein T, Padilla J, Sowers JR, Chandrasekar B, DeMarco VG. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition with linagliptin reduces western diet-induced myocardial TRAF3IP2 expression, inflammation and fibrosis in female mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:61. [PMID: 28476142 PMCID: PMC5420102 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diastolic dysfunction (DD), a hallmark of obesity and primary defect in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, is a predictor of future cardiovascular events. We previously reported that linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, improved DD in Zucker Obese rats, a genetic model of obesity and hypertension. Here we investigated the cardioprotective effects of linagliptin on development of DD in western diet (WD)-fed mice, a clinically relevant model of overnutrition and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Methods Female C56Bl/6 J mice were fed an obesogenic WD high in fat and simple sugars, and supplemented or not with linagliptin for 16 weeks. Results WD induced oxidative stress, inflammation, upregulation of Angiotensin II type 1 receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression, interstitial fibrosis, ultrastructural abnormalities and DD. Linagliptin inhibited cardiac DPP-4 activity and prevented molecular impairments and associated functional and structural abnormalities. Further, WD upregulated the expression of TRAF3IP2, a cytoplasmic adapter molecule and a regulator of multiple inflammatory mediators. Linagliptin inhibited its expression, activation of its downstream signaling intermediates NF-κB, AP-1 and p38-MAPK, and induction of multiple inflammatory mediators and growth factors that are known to contribute to development and progression of hypertrophy, fibrosis and contractile dysfunction. Linagliptin also inhibited WD-induced collagens I and III expression. Supporting these in vivo observations, linagliptin inhibited aldosterone-mediated MR-dependent oxidative stress, upregulation of TRAF3IP2, proinflammatory cytokine, and growth factor expression, and collagen induction in cultured primary cardiac fibroblasts. More importantly, linagliptin inhibited aldosterone-induced fibroblast activation and migration. Conclusions Together, these in vivo and in vitro results suggest that inhibition of DPP-4 activity by linagliptin reverses WD-induced DD, possibly by targeting TRAF3IP2 expression and its downstream inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mona Garro-Kacher
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brady Barron
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dongqing Chen
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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27
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Habibi J, Aroor AR, Sowers JR, Jia G, Hayden MR, Garro M, Barron B, Mayoux E, Rector RS, Whaley-Connell A, DeMarco VG. Sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition with empagliflozin improves cardiac diastolic function in a female rodent model of diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:9. [PMID: 28086951 PMCID: PMC5237274 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese and diabetic individuals are at increased risk for impairments in diastolic relaxation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The impairments in diastolic relaxation are especially pronounced in obese and diabetic women and predict future cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in this population. Recent clinical data suggest sodium glucose transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition reduces CVD events in diabetic individuals, but the mechanisms of this CVD protection are unknown. To determine whether targeting SGLT2 improves diastolic relaxation, we utilized empagliflozin (EMPA) in female db/db mice. Eleven week old female db/db mice were fed normal mouse chow, with or without EMPA, for 5 weeks. Blood pressure (BP), HbA1c and fasting glucose were significantly increased in untreated db/db mice (DbC) (P < 0.01). EMPA treatment (DbE) improved glycemic indices (P < 0.05), but not BP (P > 0.05). At baseline, DbC and DbE had already established impaired diastolic relaxation as indicated by impaired septal wall motion (>tissue Doppler derived E'/A' ratio) and increased left ventricular (LV) filling pressure (<E/E' ratio). Although these abnormalities persisted throughout the study period in DbC, diastolic function improved with EMPA treatment. In DbC, myocardial fibrosis was accompanied by increased expression of profibrotic/prohypertrophic proteins, serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) and the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and the development of these abnormalities were reduced with EMPA. DbC exhibited eccentric LV hypertrophy that was slightly improved by EMPA, indicated by a reduction in cardiomyocyte cross sectional area. In summary, EMPA improved glycemic indices along with diastolic relaxation, as well as SGK1/ENaC profibrosis signaling and associated interstitial fibrosis, all of which occurred in the absence of any changes in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Habibi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,The Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Mona Garro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brady Barron
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Eric Mayoux
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany
| | - R Scott Rector
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Departments of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Division of Nephrology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA. .,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA. .,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
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28
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Bostick B, Aroor AR, Habibi J, Durante W, Ma L, DeMarco VG, Garro M, Hayden MR, Booth FW, Sowers JR. Daily exercise prevents diastolic dysfunction and oxidative stress in a female mouse model of western diet induced obesity by maintaining cardiac heme oxygenase-1 levels. Metabolism 2017; 66:14-22. [PMID: 27923445 PMCID: PMC6581195 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a global epidemic with profound cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications. Obese women are particularly vulnerable to CVD, suffering higher rates of CVD compared to non-obese females. Diastolic dysfunction is the earliest manifestation of CVD in obese women but remains poorly understood with no evidence-based therapies. We have shown early diastolic dysfunction in obesity is associated with oxidative stress and myocardial fibrosis. Recent evidence suggests exercise may increase levels of the antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Accordingly, we hypothesized that diastolic dysfunction in female mice consuming a western diet (WD) could be prevented by daily volitional exercise with reductions in oxidative stress, myocardial fibrosis and maintenance of myocardial HO-1 levels. MATERIALS/METHODS Four-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat/high-fructose WD for 16weeks (N=8) alongside control diet fed mice (N=8). A separate cohort of WD fed females was allowed a running wheel for the entire study (N=7). Cardiac function was assessed at 20weeks by high-resolution cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Functional assessment was followed by immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blotting to identify pathologic mechanisms and assess HO-1 protein levels. RESULTS There was no significant body weight decrease in exercising mice, normalized body weight 14.3g/mm, compared to sedentary mice, normalized body weight 13.6g/mm (p=0.38). Total body fat was also unchanged in exercising, fat mass of 6.6g, compared to sedentary mice, fat mass 7.4g (p=0.55). Exercise prevented diastolic dysfunction with a significant reduction in left ventricular relaxation time to 23.8ms for exercising group compared to 33.0ms in sedentary group (p<0.01). Exercise markedly reduced oxidative stress and myocardial fibrosis with improved mitochondrial architecture. HO-1 protein levels were increased in the hearts of exercising mice compared to sedentary WD fed females. CONCLUSIONS This study provides seminal evidence that exercise can prevent diastolic dysfunction in WD-induced obesity in females even without changes in body weight. Furthermore, the reduction in myocardial oxidative stress and fibrosis and improved HO-1 levels in exercising mice suggests a novel mechanism for the antioxidant effect of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bostick
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Javad Habibi
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - William Durante
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lixin Ma
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mona Garro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Gibson WT, Hayden MR. Mycophenolate mofetil and animal models. Lupus 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203306071675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), is the morpholinoethyl ester of mycophenolic acid (MPA). Though initially developed as an anti-rejection treatment, MMF is beginning to find application in more common immune-mediated diseases. MMF has been shown to be effective against transplant-associated vascular disease, lupus and other inflammatory diseases via multiple mechanisms in several animal models. MMF treatment blocks the proliferation of T cells and B cells, attenuates the production of autoreactive IgG and IgM, diminishes complement deposition, and reduces the production of multiple proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-12. It also increases production of the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10. In addition, MMF reduces the infiltration of immune cells into sites of inflammation by interfering with the expression of cell-surface molecules critical for this process, including MHC class II, CD40, CD80, CD86, I-A, and ICAM-1. Additional mechanisms involving mannosylation and N-linked glycosylation of cell-surface molecules are only beginning to be investigated. This article will focus on the contribution of animal models of disease as investigational tools in the development of MMF as an immunomodulatory drug. The use of mice, rats, rabbits, monkeys, baboons and interspecific xenografts will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- WT Gibson
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - MR Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease is a chronic disorder of the vasculature with a substantial impact on society. Although the availability of statins has represented an unparalleled improvement in the treatment of patients with such cardiovascular disease, even more effective measures are required to reverse this disorder with a continuously growing incidence. The classification of atherosclerosis as an inflammatory disorder has prompted the hypothesis that immunomodulation could comprise a novel anti-atherosclerotic strategy. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has various anti-atherogenic effects on major components of the atherosclerotic plaque such as T-lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages and the endothelium. MMF can inhibit leukocyte recruitment to the subendothelium and the subsequent reduced activation of leukocytes will translate into attenuation of subendothelial crosstalk between T-cells and macrophages. This cascade of events will interrupt the self-perpetuating pro-inflammatory environment within the arterial wall, the hallmark of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- SI Van Leuven
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - JJP Kastelein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - MR Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, B.C. Children's and Women's Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - ES Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Salameh TS, Shah GN, Price TO, Hayden MR, Banks WA. Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice: Protection with the Mitochondrial Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Topiramate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 359:452-459. [PMID: 27729477 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.237057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
All forms of diabetes mellitus are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, resulting in the development of a number of microvascular and macrovascular pathologies. Diabetes is also associated with changes in brain microvasculature, leading to dysfunction and ultimately disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These changes are correlated with a decline in cognitive function. In diabetes, BBB damage is associated with increased oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species. This occurs because of the increased oxidative metabolism of glucose caused by hyperglycemia. Decreasing the production of bicarbonate with the use of a mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (mCAi) limits oxidative metabolism and the production of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we have demonstrated that 1) streptozotocin-induced diabetes resulted in BBB disruption, 2) ultrastructural studies showed a breakdown of the BBB and changes to the neurovascular unit (NVU), including a loss of brain pericytes and retraction of astrocytes, the two cell types that maintain the BBB, and 3) treatment with topiramate, a mCAi, attenuated the effects of diabetes on BBB disruption and ultrastructural changes in the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese S Salameh
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington (T.S.S., W.A.B.); Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (T.S.S., W.A.B.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri (G.N.S., T.O.P.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.R.H.); Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.H.R.)
| | - Gul N Shah
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington (T.S.S., W.A.B.); Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (T.S.S., W.A.B.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri (G.N.S., T.O.P.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.R.H.); Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.H.R.)
| | - Tulin O Price
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington (T.S.S., W.A.B.); Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (T.S.S., W.A.B.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri (G.N.S., T.O.P.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.R.H.); Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.H.R.)
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington (T.S.S., W.A.B.); Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (T.S.S., W.A.B.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri (G.N.S., T.O.P.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.R.H.); Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.H.R.)
| | - William A Banks
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington (T.S.S., W.A.B.); Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (T.S.S., W.A.B.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri (G.N.S., T.O.P.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.R.H.); Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.H.R.)
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Padilla J, Ramirez-Perez FI, Habibi J, Bostick B, Aroor AR, Hayden MR, Jia G, Garro M, DeMarco VG, Manrique C, Booth FW, Martinez-Lemus LA, Sowers JR. Regular Exercise Reduces Endothelial Cortical Stiffness in Western Diet-Fed Female Mice. Hypertension 2016; 68:1236-1244. [PMID: 27572153 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that Western diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance promotes endothelial cortical stiffness in young female mice. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that regular aerobic exercise would attenuate the development of endothelial and whole artery stiffness in female Western diet-fed mice. Four-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomized into sedentary (ie, caged confined, n=6) or regular exercise (ie, access to running wheels, n=7) conditions for 16 weeks. Exercise training improved glucose tolerance in the absence of changes in body weight and body composition. Compared with sedentary mice, exercise-trained mice exhibited reduced endothelial cortical stiffness in aortic explants (sedentary 11.9±1.7 kPa versus exercise 5.5±1.0 kPa; P<0.05), as assessed by atomic force microscopy. This effect of exercise was not accompanied by changes in aortic pulse wave velocity (P>0.05), an in vivo measure of aortic stiffness. In comparison, exercise reduced femoral artery stiffness in isolated pressurized arteries and led to an increase in femoral internal artery diameter and wall cross-sectional area (P<0.05), indicative of outward hypertrophic remodeling. These effects of exercise were associated with an increase in femoral artery elastin content and increased number of fenestrae in the internal elastic lamina (P<0.05). Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time that the aortic endothelium is highly plastic and, thus, amenable to reductions in stiffness with regular aerobic exercise in the absence of changes in in vivo whole aortic stiffness. Comparatively, the same level of exercise caused destiffening effects in peripheral muscular arteries, such as the femoral artery, that perfuse the working limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Padilla
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Javad Habibi
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Brian Bostick
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Guanghong Jia
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Mona Garro
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Camila Manrique
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Frank W Booth
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - James R Sowers
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.).
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Connolly C, Magnusson-Lind A, Lu G, Wagner PK, Southwell AL, Hayden MR, Björkqvist M, Leavitt BR. Enhanced immune response to MMP3 stimulation in microglia expressing mutant huntingtin. Neuroscience 2016; 325:74-88. [PMID: 27033979 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin protein. The YAC128 mouse model of HD expresses the full-length human huntingtin protein with 128 CAG repeats and replicates the phenotype and neurodegeneration that occur in HD. Several studies have implicated a role for neuroinflammation in HD pathogenesis. Studies on presymptomatic HD patients have illustrated microgliosis (activated microglia) in brain regions affected in HD. Mutant huntingtin expressing isolated primary monocytes (human HD patients) and primary macrophages (YAC128) are overactive in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. In this study we demonstrate that cultured primary microglia (the resident immune cells of the brain cells) from YAC128 mice differentially express a wide number of cytokines compared to wildtype microglia cultures in response to LPS. Furthermore, this study outlines a direct interaction between mutant huntingtin and cytokine secretion in HD microglia. Increased cytokine release in YAC128 microglia can be blocked by cannabinoid activation or by mutant huntingtin knockdown with anti-sense oligonucleotide treatment. Matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP3), an endogenous neuronal activator of microglia, also induces increased cytokine release from YAC128 microglia compared to wildtype microglia. We found elevated MMP levels in HD CSF, and MMP levels correlate with disease severity in HD. These data support a novel role for MMPs and microglial activation in HD pathogenesis. With an improved understanding of the specific cellular processes involved in HD neuroinflammation, novel therapeutic agents targeting these processes can be developed and hold great promise in the treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Connolly
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - A Magnusson-Lind
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - G Lu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - P K Wagner
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - A L Southwell
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - M R Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - M Björkqvist
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - B R Leavitt
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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Jia G, Habibi J, Aroor AR, Martinez-Lemus LA, DeMarco VG, Ramirez-Perez FI, Sun Z, Hayden MR, Meininger GA, Mueller KB, Jaffe IZ, Sowers JR. Endothelial Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mediates Diet-Induced Aortic Stiffness in Females. Circ Res 2016; 118:935-943. [PMID: 26879229 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.308269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Enhanced activation of the mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) in cardiovascular tissues increases oxidative stress, maladaptive immune responses, and inflammation with associated functional vascular abnormalities. We previously demonstrated that consumption of a Western diet (WD) for 16 weeks results in aortic stiffening, and that these abnormalities were prevented by systemic MR blockade in female mice. However, the cell-specific role of endothelial cell MR (ECMR) in these maladaptive vascular effects has not been explored. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that specific deletion of the ECMR would prevent WD-induced increases in endothelial sodium channel activation, reductions in bioavailable nitric oxide, increased vascular remodeling, and associated increases in vascular stiffness in females. METHODS AND RESULTS Four-week-old female ECMR knockout and wild-type mice were fed either mouse chow or WD for 16 weeks. WD feeding resulted in aortic stiffness and endothelial dysfunction as determined in vivo by pulse wave velocity and ex vivo by atomic force microscopy, and wire and pressure myography. The WD-induced aortic stiffness was associated with enhanced endothelial sodium channel activation, attenuated endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, increased oxidative stress, a proinflammatory immune response and fibrosis. Conversely, cell-specific ECMR deficiency prevented WD-induced aortic fibrosis and stiffness in conjunction with reductions in endothelial sodium channel activation, oxidative stress and macrophage proinflammatory polarization, restoration of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation. CONCLUSIONS Increased ECMR signaling associated with consumption of a WD plays a key role in endothelial sodium channel activation, reduced nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, and inflammation that lead to aortic remodeling and stiffness in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | | | - Zhe Sun
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | | | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
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Hitchcock E, Patankar JV, Tyson C, Hrynchak M, Hayden MR, Gibson WT. A novel microdeletion affecting the CETP gene raises HDL-associated cholesterol levels. Clin Genet 2015; 89:495-500. [PMID: 26126777 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel, inherited 16q13 microdeletion that removes cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and several nearby genes. The proband was originally referred for severe childhood-onset obesity and moderate developmental delay, but his fasting lipid profile revealed relatively high levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and relatively low levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for age, despite his obesity. Testing of first-degree relatives identified two other microdeletion carriers. Functional assays in affected individuals showed decreased CETP mRNA expression and enzymatic activity. This microdeletion may or may not be pathogenic for obesity and developmental delay, but based on the lipid profile, the functional studies, and the phenotype of other patients with loss-of-function mutations of CETP, we believe this microdeletion to be antipathogenic for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hitchcock
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J V Patankar
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C Tyson
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada
| | - M Hrynchak
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada
| | - M R Hayden
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, Canada
| | - W T Gibson
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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DeMarco VG, Habibi J, Jia G, Aroor AR, Ramirez-Perez FI, Martinez-Lemus LA, Bender SB, Garro M, Hayden MR, Sun Z, Meininger GA, Manrique C, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR. Low-Dose Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade Prevents Western Diet-Induced Arterial Stiffening in Female Mice. Hypertension 2015; 66:99-107. [PMID: 26015449 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Women are especially predisposed to development of arterial stiffening secondary to obesity because of consumption of excessive calories. Enhanced activation of vascular mineralocorticoid receptors impairs insulin signaling, induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and maladaptive immune responses. We tested whether a subpressor dose of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, spironolactone (1 mg/kg per day) prevents aortic and femoral artery stiffening in female C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat/high-sugar western diet (WD) for 4 months (ie, from 4-20 weeks of age). Aortic and femoral artery stiffness were assessed using ultrasound, pressurized vessel preparations, and atomic force microscopy. WD induced weight gain and insulin resistance compared with control diet-fed mice and these abnormalities were unaffected by spironolactone. Blood pressures and heart rates were normal and unaffected by diet or spironolactone. Spironolactone prevented WD-induced stiffening of aorta and femoral artery, as well as endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, within aortic explants. Spironolactone prevented WD-induced impaired aortic protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling, as well as impaired endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation. Spironolactone ameliorated WD-induced aortic medial thickening and fibrosis and the associated activation of the progrowth extracellular receptor kinase 1/2 pathway. Finally, preservation of normal arterial stiffness with spironolactone in WD-fed mice was associated with attenuated systemic and vascular inflammation and an anti-inflammatory shift in vascular immune cell marker genes. Low-dose spironolactone may represent a novel prevention strategy to attenuate vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and growth pathway signaling and remodeling to prevent development of arterial stiffening secondary to consumption of a WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent G DeMarco
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.).
| | - Javad Habibi
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Guanghong Jia
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Shawn B Bender
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Mona Garro
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Zhe Sun
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Camila Manrique
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.)
| | - James R Sowers
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (A.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., Z.S., G.A.M., J.R.S.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (V.G.D., J.H., G.J., A.R.A., S.B.B., M.G., M.R.H., C.M., A.W.-C., J.R.S.); and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., S.B.B., Z.S., G.A.M.).
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Bostick B, Habibi J, DeMarco VG, Jia G, Domeier TL, Lambert MD, Aroor AR, Nistala R, Bender SB, Garro M, Hayden MR, Ma L, Manrique C, Sowers JR. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade prevents Western diet-induced diastolic dysfunction in female mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1126-35. [PMID: 25747754 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00898.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Overnutrition/obesity predisposes individuals, particularly women, to diastolic dysfunction (DD), an independent predictor of future cardiovascular disease. We examined whether low-dose spironolactone (Sp) prevents DD associated with consumption of a Western Diet (WD) high in fat, fructose, and sucrose. Female C57BL6J mice were fed a WD with or without Sp (1 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)). After 4 mo on the WD, mice exhibited increased body weight and visceral fat, but similar blood pressures, compared with control diet-fed mice. Sp prevented the development of WD-induced DD, as indicated by decreased isovolumic relaxation time and an improvement in myocardial performance (<Tei index) and septal annular velocity (<E'-to-A' ratio), as assessed by echocardiography, as well as decreased diastolic relaxation time/increased diastolic initial filling rate, as assessed by MRI. The relationship between passive sarcomere length of cardiac myocytes and ventricular pressure was monitored using di-8-ANEPPS staining of the t-tubule network in hearts ex vivo. Sp administration led to longer sarcomere lengths at each pressure indicative of improved ventricular compliance in WD-fed mice. Sp also prevented left ventricular hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Sp prevented the WD-induced increased expression of myocardial proinflammatory M1 macrophage markers monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and CD11c and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage marker CD206. These findings demonstrate that WD-induced DD is associated with increased oxidant stress, fibrosis, and immune dysregulation. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism enhanced M2 macrophage polarization and ameliorated oxidant stress and fibrosis. This work supports a novel blood pressure-independent effect of MR antagonism as a strategy to prevent diet-induced DD in women. Mineralocorticoid antagonism; low-dose spironolactone; aldosterone;high-fat diet; high-fructose diet; oxidative stress; inflammation; cardiac hypertrophy; myocardial compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bostick
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Javad Habibi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Timothy L Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michelle D Lambert
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Division of Nephrology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Mona Garro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Lixin Ma
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Camila Manrique
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - James R Sowers
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Missouri Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
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Jia G, Habibi J, Bostick BP, Ma L, DeMarco VG, Aroor AR, Hayden MR, Whaley-Connell AT, Sowers JR. Uric acid promotes left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in mice fed a Western diet. Hypertension 2015; 65:531-9. [PMID: 25489061 PMCID: PMC4370431 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rising obesity rates parallel increased consumption of a Western diet, high in fat and fructose, which is associated with increased uric acid. Population-based data support that elevated serum uric acids are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which excess uric acid promotes these maladaptive cardiac effects has not been explored. In assessing the role of Western diet-induced increases in uric acid, we hypothesized that reductions in uric acid would prevent Western diet-induced development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiac stiffness, and impaired diastolic relaxation by reducing growth and profibrotic signaling pathways. Four-weeks-old C57BL6/J male mice were fed excess fat (46%) and fructose (17.5%) with or without allopurinol (125 mg/L), a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, for 16 weeks. The Western diet-induced increases in serum uric acid along with increases in cardiac tissue xanthine oxidase activity temporally related to increases in body weight, fat mass, and insulin resistance without changes in blood pressure. The Western diet induced cardiomyocte hypertrophy, myocardial oxidative stress, interstitial fibrosis, and impaired diastolic relaxation. Further, the Western diet enhanced activation of the S6 kinase-1 growth pathway and the profibrotic transforming growth factor-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway and macrophage proinflammatory polarization. All results improved with allopurinol treatment, which lowered cardiac xanthine oxidase as well as serum uric acid levels. These findings support the notion that increased production of uric acid with intake of a Western diet promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and oxidative stress that lead to myocardial fibrosis and associated impaired diastolic relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (A.T.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., J.R.S.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), and Department of Radiology (L.M.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., L.M., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.)
| | - Javad Habibi
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (A.T.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., J.R.S.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), and Department of Radiology (L.M.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., L.M., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.)
| | - Brian P Bostick
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (A.T.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., J.R.S.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), and Department of Radiology (L.M.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., L.M., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.)
| | - Lixin Ma
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (A.T.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., J.R.S.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), and Department of Radiology (L.M.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., L.M., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.)
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (A.T.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., J.R.S.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), and Department of Radiology (L.M.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., L.M., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.)
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (A.T.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., J.R.S.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), and Department of Radiology (L.M.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., L.M., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.)
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (A.T.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., J.R.S.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), and Department of Radiology (L.M.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., L.M., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.)
| | - Adam T Whaley-Connell
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (A.T.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., J.R.S.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), and Department of Radiology (L.M.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., L.M., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.)
| | - James R Sowers
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (A.T.W.-C.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (V.G.D., J.R.S.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.), and Department of Radiology (L.M.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.H., B.P.B., L.M., V.G.D., A.R.A., M.R.H., A.T.W.-C., J.R.S.).
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Kolitz SE, Towfic F, Grossman I, Hayden MR, Zeskind B. Use of genetic technologies to compare medicines. Clin Genet 2014; 86:441-6. [PMID: 25046029 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to ensure that patients receive the safest and most effective medicines possible, it is often necessary to compare medicines and assess the extent to which they are similar in their clinical impact. Full clinical trials with appropriate endpoints remain the only method to compare the clinical impact of two medicines with absolute certainty. Other available methods (including physicochemical analysis, genomics, and transcriptomics) can provide partial information about certain aspects of a medicine's biological impact, with possible clinical implications. Especially for biologics and non-biological complex drugs, which are more difficult to characterize by physicochemical means than small molecules, genomics and transciptomic studies can yield valuable insights for physicians, regulators, and drug developers. In this review, we cite and summarize a variety of studies that exemplify the emerging science of applying genomics and transcriptomics technologies to compare medicines. We discuss key aspects of experimental design, conduct of genetic assays, and advanced data analysis, all of which are critical for the successful execution of such studies. Finally, we propose new areas for which such studies can be applied to maximize patient benefit and reduce safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Kolitz
- Immuneering Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Nistala R, Habibi J, Aroor A, Sowers JR, Hayden MR, Meuth A, Knight W, Hancock T, Klein T, DeMarco VG, Whaley-Connell A. DPP4 inhibition attenuates filtration barrier injury and oxidant stress in the zucker obese rat. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:2172-9. [PMID: 24995775 PMCID: PMC4180797 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-related glomerulopathy is characterized initially by glomerular hyperfiltration with hypertrophy and then development of proteinuria. Putative mechanisms include endothelial dysfunction and filtration barrier injury due to oxidant stress and immune activation. There has been recent interest in targeting dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) enzyme due to increasing role in non-enzymatic cellular processes. METHODS The Zucker obese (ZO) rat (aged 8 weeks) fed a normal chow or diet containing the DPP4 inhibitor linagliptin for 8 weeks (83 mg/kg rat chow) was utilized. RESULTS Compared to lean controls, there were increases in plasma DPP4 activity along with proteinuria in ZO rats. ZO rats further displayed increases in glomerular size and podocyte foot process effacement. These findings occurred in parallel with decreased endothelial stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), increased oxidant markers, and tyrosine phosphorylation of nephrin and serine phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). DPP4 inhibition improved proteinuria along with filtration barrier remodeling, circulating and kidney tissue DPP4 activity, increased active glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as well as SDF-1α, and improved oxidant markers and the podocyte-specific protein nephrin. CONCLUSIONS These data support a role for DPP4 in glomerular filtration function and targeting DPP4 with inhibition improves oxidant stress-related glomerulopathy and associated proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Nistala
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | - Javad Habibi
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | - Annayya Aroor
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | - James R Sowers
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Columbia, Mo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, Mo
| | - Alex Meuth
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | - William Knight
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | - Tamara Hancock
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | | | - Vincent G DeMarco
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Columbia, Mo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Mo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, Mo
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Columbia, Mo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, Mo
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo
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Carleton BC, Ross CJ, Pussegoda K, Bhavsar AP, Visscher H, Lee JW, Brooks B, Rassekh SR, Dubé MPP, Hayden MR. Genetic Markers of Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss in Children. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2014; 96:296-8. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2014.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bostick B, Habibi J, Ma L, Aroor A, Rehmer N, Hayden MR, Sowers JR. Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibition prevents diastolic dysfunction and reduces myocardial fibrosis in a mouse model of Western diet induced obesity. Metabolism 2014; 63:1000-11. [PMID: 24933400 PMCID: PMC4128682 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consumption of a high-fat/high-fructose Western diet (WD) is linked to rising obesity and heart disease, particularly diastolic dysfunction which characterizes early obesity/metabolic cardiomyopathy. Mounting evidence supports a role for inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis in the pathophysiology of metabolic cardiomyopathy. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a circulating exopeptidase recently reported to be elevated in the plasma of patients with insulin resistance (IR), obesity and heart failure. We hypothesized that a model of WD induced obesity/metabolic cardiomyopathy would exhibit increased DPP-4 activity and cardiac fibrosis with DPP-4 inhibition preventing cardiac fibrosis and the associated diastolic dysfunction. MATERIALS/METHODS Four-week-old C57BL6/J mice were fed a high-fat/high-fructose WD with the DPP-4 inhibitor MK0626 for 16 weeks. Cardiac function was examined by high-resolution cine-cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Phenotypic analysis included measurements of body and heart weight, systemic IR and DPP-4 activity. Immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to identify underlying pathologic mechanisms. RESULTS We found that chronic WD consumption caused obesity, IR, elevated plasma DPP-4 activity, heart enlargement and diastolic dysfunction. DPP-4 inhibition with MK0626 in WD fed mice resulted in >75% reduction in plasma DPP-4 activity, improved IR and normalized diastolic relaxation. WD consumption induced myocardial oxidant stress and fibrosis with amelioration by MK0626. TEM of hearts from WD fed mice revealed abnormal mitochondrial and perivascular ultrastructure partially corrected by MK0626. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of a role for increased DPP-4 activity in metabolic cardiomyopathy and a potential role for DPP-4 inhibition in prevention and/or correction of oxidant stress/fibrosis and associated diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bostick
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA
| | - Javad Habibi
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lixin Ma
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya Aroor
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Nathan Rehmer
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Lee JW, Aminkeng F, Bhavsar AP, Shaw K, Carleton BC, Hayden MR, Ross CJD. The emerging era of pharmacogenomics: current successes, future potential, and challenges. Clin Genet 2014; 86:21-8. [PMID: 24684508 PMCID: PMC4233969 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The vast range of genetic diversity contributes to a wonderful array of human traits and characteristics. Unfortunately, a consequence of this genetic diversity is large variability in drug response between people, meaning that no single medication is safe and effective in everyone. The debilitating and sometimes deadly consequences of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major and unmet problem of modern medicine. Pharmacogenomics can uncover associations between genetic variation and drug safety and has the potential to predict ADRs in individual patients. Here we review pharmacogenomic successes leading to changes in clinical practice, as well as clinical areas probably to be impacted by pharmacogenomics in the near future. We also discuss some of the challenges, and potential solutions, that remain for the implementation of pharmacogenomic testing into clinical practice for the significant improvement of drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Nistala R, Habibi J, Lastra G, Manrique C, Aroor AR, Hayden MR, Garro M, Meuth A, Johnson M, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR. Prevention of obesity-induced renal injury in male mice by DPP4 inhibition. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2266-76. [PMID: 24712875 PMCID: PMC4020930 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Therapies to prevent renal injury in obese hypertensive individuals are being actively sought due to the obesity epidemic arising from the Western diet (WD), which is high in fructose and fat. Recently, activation of the immune system and hyperuricemia, observed with high fructose intake, have been linked to the pathophysiology of hypertension and renal injury. Because dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a driver of maladaptive T-cell/macrophage responses, renal-protective benefits of DPP4 inhibition in the WD-fed mice were examined. Mice fed a WD for 16 weeks were given the DPP4 inhibitor MK0626 in their diet beginning at 4 weeks of age. WD-fed mice were obese, hypertensive, and insulin-resistant and manifested proteinuria and increased plasma DPP4 activity and uric acid levels. WD-fed mice also had elevated kidney DPP4 activity and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and IL-12 levels and suppressed IL-10 levels in the kidney, suggesting macrophage-driven inflammation, glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury. WD-induced increases in DPP4 activation in the plasma and kidney and proteinuria in WD mice were abrogated by MK0626, although blood pressure and systemic insulin sensitivity were not improved. Contemporaneously, MK0626 reduced serum uric acid levels, renal oxidative stress, and IL-12 levels and increased IL-10 levels, suggesting that suppression of DPP4 activity leads to suppression of renal immune/inflammatory injury responses to a WD. Taken together, these results demonstrate that DPP4 inhibition prevents high-fructose/high-fat diet-induced glomerular and tubular injury independent of blood pressure/insulin sensitivity and offers a potentially novel therapy for diabetic and obesity-related kidney disease.
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Habibi J, Hayden MR, Ferrario CM, Sowers JR, Whaley-Connell AT. Salt Loading Promotes Kidney Injury via Fibrosis in Young Female Ren2 Rats. Cardiorenal Med 2014; 4:43-52. [PMID: 24847333 DOI: 10.1159/000360866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS It is increasingly recognized that there is sexual dimorphism in kidney disease progression; however, this disparity is lost in the presence of diabetes where women progress at a similar rate to men. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is known to regulate diabetes-induced kidney injury, and recent literature would suggest that gender differences exist in RAAS-dependent responses in the kidney. In this regard, these gender differences may be overcome by excessive salt intake. Thereby, we hypothesized that salt would promote proteinuria in transgenic female rats under conditions of excess tissue angiotensin (Ang) II and circulating aldosterone. MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized young female transgenic (mRen2)27 (Ren2) rats and Sprague-Dawley (SD) littermates and fed a high-salt diet (4%) over 3 weeks. RESULTS Compared to SD and Ren2 controls, female Ren2 rats fed a high-salt diet displayed increases in proteinuria, periarterial and interstitial fibrosis as well as ultrastructural evidence of basement membrane thickening, loss of mitochondrial elongation, mitochondrial fragmentation and attenuation of basilar canalicular infoldings. These findings occurred temporally with increases in transforming growth factor-β but not indices of oxidant stress. CONCLUSIONS Our current data suggest that a diet high in salt promotes progressive kidney injury as measured by proteinuria and fibrosis associated with transforming growth factor-β under conditions of excess tissue Ang II and circulating aldosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA ; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA ; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA ; Division of Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Mo., USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA ; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA ; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA
| | - Carlos M Ferrario
- Division of Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA ; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA ; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA ; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA ; Division of Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Mo., USA
| | - Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA ; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA ; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA ; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA ; Division of Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Mo., USA
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Whaley-Connell AT, Habibi J, Aroor A, Ma L, Hayden MR, Ferrario CM, Demarco VG, Sowers JR. Salt loading exacerbates diastolic dysfunction and cardiac remodeling in young female Ren2 rats. Metabolism 2013; 62:1761-71. [PMID: 24075738 PMCID: PMC3833978 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent data would suggest pre-menopausal insulin resistant women are more prone to diastolic dysfunction than men, yet it is unclear why. We and others have reported that transgenic (mRen2)27 (Ren2) rats overexpressing the murine renin transgene are insulin resistant due to oxidative stress in insulin sensitive tissues. As increased salt intake promotes inflammation and oxidative stress, we hypothesized that excess dietary salt would promote diastolic dysfunction in transgenic females under conditions of excess tissue Ang II and circulating aldosterone levels. MATERIALS/METHODS For this purpose we evaluated cardiac function in young female Ren2 rats or age-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD) littermates exposed to a high (4%) salt or normal rat chow intake for three weeks. RESULTS Compared to SD littermates, at 10weeks of age, female Ren2 rats fed normal chow showed elevations in left ventricular (LV) systolic pressures, LV and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and displayed reductions in LV initial filling rate accompanied by increases in 3-nitrotyrosine content as a marker of oxidant stress. Following 3weeks of a salt diet, female Ren2 rats exhibited no further changes in LV systolic pressure, insulin resistance, or markers of hypertrophy but exaggerated increases in type 1 collagen, 3-nitrotryosine content, and diastolic dysfunction. These findings occurred in parallel with ultrastructural findings of pericapillary fibrosis, increased LV remodeling, and mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSION These data suggest that a diet high in salt in hypertensive female Ren2 rats promotes greater oxidative stress, maladaptive LV remodeling, fibrosis, and associated diastolic dysfunction without further changes in LV systolic pressure or hypertrophy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Collagen/metabolism
- Female
- Fibrosis/pathology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/chemically induced
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/pathology
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Hemodynamics/physiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/physiology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats, Transgenic
- Sodium, Dietary/pharmacology
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- Ventricular Function, Left/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; University of Missouri School of Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Columbia, MO, USA; University of Missouri School of Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, MO, USA; University of Missouri School of Medicine, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Manrique C, DeMarco VG, Aroor AR, Mugerfeld I, Garro M, Habibi J, Hayden MR, Sowers JR. Obesity and insulin resistance induce early development of diastolic dysfunction in young female mice fed a Western diet. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3632-42. [PMID: 23885014 PMCID: PMC5398539 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including heart failure, constitutes the main source of morbidity and mortality in men and women with diabetes. Although healthy young women are protected against CVD, postmenopausal and diabetic women lose this CVD protection. Obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes promote heart failure in females, and diastolic dysfunction is the earliest manifestation of this heart failure. To examine the mechanisms promoting diastolic dysfunction in insulin-resistant females, this investigation evaluated the impact of 8 weeks of a high-fructose/high-fat Western diet (WD) on insulin sensitivity and cardiac structure and function in young C57BL6/J female versus male mice. Insulin sensitivity was determined by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps and two-dimensional echocardiograms were used to evaluate cardiac function. Both males and females developed systemic insulin resistance after 8 weeks of a WD. However, only the females developed diastolic dysfunction. The diastolic dysfunction promoted by the WD was accompanied by increases in collagen 1, a marker of stiffness, increased oxidative stress, reduced insulin metabolic signaling, and increased mitochondria and cardiac microvascular alterations as determined by electron microscopy. Aldosterone (a promoter of cardiac stiffness) levels were higher in females compared with males but were not affected by the WD in either gender. These data suggest a predisposition toward developing early diastolic heart failure in females exposed to a WD. These data are consistent with the notion that higher aldosterone levels, in concert with insulin resistance, may promote myocardial stiffness and diastolic dysfunction in response to overnutrition in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Manrique
- MD, Professor of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, D109 Diabetes Center Health Sciences Center, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65212.
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Nistala R, Habibi J, Aroor A, Hayden MR, Garro M, Meuth A, Johnson M, Irina M, Weidmeyer C, Adam WC, Sowers JR. Abstract 371: DPPIV Inhibitor MK0626 Prevents Western Diet Induced Renal Injury via Suppression of Kidney Tissue Ras. Hypertension 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.62.suppl_1.a371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives:
Obesity is an independent risk factor for development and progression of renal injury. High fructose corn syrup consumption has coincided with the obesity epidemic in the United States. High fructose (60%) diets have been demonstrated to be associated with elevation in BP and worsening insulin resistance along with renal injury via increased hepatic production of uric acid. Recently, DPPIV inhibitors have been shown to improve diabetic changes and sodium excretion, effects that are beyond glycemic control. Therefore, the renal protective benefits of DPPIV inhibition in a clinically relevant Western diet fed mouse model were examined.
Methods:
Mice fed a high fat/high fructose (WD) diet for 16 weeks and given a DPPIV inhibitor MK0626 in their diet were examined for metabolic parameters, inflammation, kidney renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and oxidative stress. Renal injury was assessed by biochemical, immunohistological and electron microscopy techniques.
In vitro
, angiotensin II (Ang II) effects on OKP-PTCs were assessed for mechanism.
Results:
MK0626 ameliorated WD-induced increases in serum uric acid, oxidative stress and RAS. WD induced suppression of IL-10 was reversed by MK0626. There was a tendency to improve HOMA-IR by MK0626 but no effect on BP and body weights. Diet induced DPPIV activation in the plasma and kidney of WD mice was abrogated by MK0626 (~80%). WD mice were characterized by increased proteinuria (~3-fold), mesangial expansion and podocyte effacement and these changes were prevented by MK0626. In addition, the PTC endocytosis protein megalin and basilar canalicular network and mitochondrial ultrastructure abnormalities were reversed by MK0626. WD mice had decreased sodium excretion which was improved by MK0626. Ang II directly increased DPPIV activity and sodium hydrogen exchanger activity in PTCs and decreased megalin protein, which was effectively prevented by MK0626.
Conclusion:
Thus, WD induced increases in DPPIV activity is associated with elevations in uric acid, renal RAS, inflammation and oxidative stress which may result in renal injury. These results suggest that DPPIV inhibitors prevent WD induced renal injury and offer a novel therapy for diabetic and obesity associated renal disease.
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Pussegoda K, Ross CJ, Visscher H, Yazdanpanah M, Brooks B, Rassekh SR, Zada YF, Dubé MP, Carleton BC, Hayden MR. Replication of TPMT and ABCC3 genetic variants highly associated with cisplatin-induced hearing loss in children. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 94:243-51. [PMID: 23588304 PMCID: PMC4006820 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of solid tumors. A serious complication of cisplatin treatment is permanent hearing loss. The aim of this study was to replicate previous genetic findings in an independent cohort of 155 pediatric patients. Associations were replicated for genetic variants in TPMT (rs12201199, P = 0.0013, odds ratio (OR) 6.1) and ABCC3 (rs1051640, P = 0.036, OR 1.8). A predictive model combining variants in TPMT, ABCC3, and COMT with clinical variables (patient age, vincristine treatment, germ-cell tumor, and cranial irradiation) significantly improved the prediction of hearing-loss development as compared with using clinical risk factors alone (area under the curve (AUC) 0.786 vs. 0.708, P = 0.00048). The novel combination of genetic and clinical factors predicted the risk of hearing loss with a sensitivity of 50.3% and a specificity of 92.7%. These findings provide evidence to support the importance of TPMT, COMT, and ABCC3 in the prediction of cisplatin-induced hearing loss in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pussegoda
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - CJ Ross
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - H Visscher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Yazdanpanah
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Clinical Genomics Network, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B Brooks
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - SR Rassekh
- Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - YF Zada
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre and Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M-P Dubé
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre and Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - BC Carleton
- Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes Programme, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - MR Hayden
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Visscher H, Ross CJD, Rassekh SR, Sandor GSS, Caron HN, van Dalen EC, Kremer LC, van der Pal HJ, Rogers PC, Rieder MJ, Carleton BC, Hayden MR. Validation of variants in SLC28A3 and UGT1A6 as genetic markers predictive of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:1375-81. [PMID: 23441093 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of anthracyclines as effective antineoplastic drugs is limited by the occurrence of cardiotoxicity. Multiple genetic variants predictive of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (ACT) in children were recently identified. The current study was aimed to assess replication of these findings in an independent cohort of children. PROCEDURE . Twenty-three variants were tested for association with ACT in an independent cohort of 218 patients. Predictive models including genetic and clinical risk factors were constructed in the original cohort and assessed in the current replication cohort. RESULTS . We confirmed the association of rs17863783 in UGT1A6 and ACT in the replication cohort (P = 0.0062, odds ratio (OR) 7.98). Additional evidence for association of rs7853758 (P = 0.058, OR 0.46) and rs885004 (P = 0.058, OR 0.42) in SLC28A3 was found (combined P = 1.6 × 10(-5) and P = 3.0 × 10(-5), respectively). A previously constructed prediction model did not significantly improve risk prediction in the replication cohort over clinical factors alone. However, an improved prediction model constructed using replicated genetic variants as well as clinical factors discriminated significantly better between cases and controls than clinical factors alone in both original (AUC 0.77 vs. 0.68, P = 0.0031) and replication cohort (AUC 0.77 vs. 0.69, P = 0.060). CONCLUSIONS . We validated genetic variants in two genes predictive of ACT in an independent cohort. A prediction model combining replicated genetic variants as well as clinical risk factors might be able to identify high- and low-risk patients who could benefit from alternative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Visscher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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