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Wang L, Zhang C, Fan S, Wang J, Zhou W, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Wang Q, Liu W, Dai X. Chitosan oligosaccharide improves intestinal homeostasis to achieve the protection for the epithelial barrier of female Drosophila melanogaster via regulating intestinal microflora. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0363923. [PMID: 38411050 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03639-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is a new type of marine functional oligosaccharide with biological activities such as regulating intestinal microflora and improving intestinal immunity. In this study, female Drosophila melanogaster was used as a model organism to evaluate the effect of COS on intestinal injury by H2O2 induction, and its mechanism was explored through the analysis of intestinal homeostasis. The results showed that 0.25% of COS could effectively prolong the lifespan of stressed female D. melanogaster by increasing its antioxidant capacity and maintaining intestinal homeostasis, which included protecting the mechanical barrier, promoting the chemical barrier, and regulating the biological barrier by affecting its autophagy and the antioxidant signaling pathway. Additionally, the protective effect of COS on the intestinal barrier and homeostasis of D. melanogaster under oxidative stress status is directly related to its regulation of the intestinal microflora, which could decrease excessive autophagy and activate the antioxidant system to promote health. IMPORTANCE The epithelial barrier plays an important role in the organism's health. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a new potential prebiotic, exhibits excellent antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory effects. Our study elucidated the protective mechanisms of COS on the intestinal barrier of Drosophila melanogaster under oxidative stress, which could provide new insights into COS application in various industries, such as food, agriculture, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuhang Fan
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Weihao Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianna Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianjun Dai
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity: Paradigm for Understanding Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Annu Rev Pathol 2024; 19:453-478. [PMID: 38265880 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051122-094016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the clinically most relevant drug hepatotoxicity in western countries, and, because of translational relevance of animal models, APAP is mechanistically the most studied drug. This review covers intracellular signaling events starting with drug metabolism and the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction involving oxidant stress and peroxynitrite. Mitochondria-derived endonucleases trigger nuclear DNA fragmentation, the point of no return for cell death. In addition, adaptive mechanisms that limit cell death are discussed including autophagy, mitochondrial morphology changes, and biogenesis. Extensive evidence supports oncotic necrosis as the mode of cell death; however, a partial overlap with signaling events of apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis is the basis for controversial discussions. Furthermore, an update on sterile inflammation in injury and repair with activation of Kupffer cells, monocyte-derived macrophages, and neutrophils is provided. Understanding these mechanisms of cell death led to discovery of N-acetylcysteine and recently fomepizole as effective antidotes against APAP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; ,
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; ,
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Gauthier TW, Ping XD, Harris FL, Brown LAS. Liposomal Glutathione Augments Immune Defenses against Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Neonatal Mice Exposed in Utero to Ethanol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:137. [PMID: 38397736 PMCID: PMC10886408 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that maternal alcohol use increased the risk of sepsis in premature and term newborns. In the neonatal mouse, fetal ethanol (ETOH) exposure depleted the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), which promoted alveolar macrophage (AM) immunosuppression and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. In this study, we explored if oral liposomal GSH (LGSH) would attenuate oxidant stress and RSV infections in the ETOH-exposed mouse pups. C57BL/6 female mice were pair-fed a liquid diet with 25% of calories from ethanol or maltose-dextrin. Postnatal day 10 pups were randomized to intranasal saline, LGSH, and RSV. After 48 h, we assessed oxidant stress, AM immunosuppression, pulmonary RSV burden, and acute lung injury. Fetal ETOH exposure increased oxidant stress threefold, lung RSV burden twofold and acute lung injury threefold. AMs were immunosuppressed with decreased RSV clearance. However, LGSH treatments of the ETOH group normalized oxidant stress, AM immune phenotype, the RSV burden, and acute lung injury. These studies suggest that the oxidant stress caused by fetal ETOH exposure impaired AM clearance of infectious agents, thereby increasing the viral infection and acute lung injury. LGSH treatments reversed the oxidative stress and restored AM immune functions, which decreased the RSV infection and subsequent acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa W. Gauthier
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (X.-D.P.); (F.L.H.); (L.A.S.B.)
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4
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Vlahopoulos S, Pan L, Varisli L, Dancik GM, Karantanos T, Boldogh I. OGG1 as an Epigenetic Reader Affects NFκB: What This Means for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:148. [PMID: 38201575 PMCID: PMC10778025 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1), which was initially identified as the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the DNA base excision repair pathway, is now also recognized as a modulator of gene expression. What is important for cancer is that OGG1 acts as a modulator of NFκB-driven gene expression. Specifically, oxidant stress in the cell transiently halts enzymatic activity of substrate-bound OGG1. The stalled OGG1 facilitates DNA binding of transactivators, such as NFκB to their cognate sites, enabling the expression of cytokines and chemokines, with ensuing recruitment of inflammatory cells. Recently, we highlighted chief aspects of OGG1 involvement in regulation of gene expression, which hold significance in lung cancer development. However, OGG1 has also been implicated in the molecular underpinning of acute myeloid leukemia. This review analyzes and discusses how these cells adapt through redox-modulated intricate connections, via interaction of OGG1 with NFκB, which provides malignant cells with alternative molecular pathways to transform their microenvironment, enabling adjustment, promoting cell proliferation, metastasis, and evading killing by therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Lang Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Lokman Varisli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey;
| | - Garrett M. Dancik
- Department of Computer Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT 06226, USA;
| | - Theodoros Karantanos
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
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Kraft BD, Pavlisko EN, Roggli VL, Piantadosi CA, Suliman HB. Alveolar Mitochondrial Quality Control During Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100197. [PMID: 37307952 PMCID: PMC10257518 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a leading cause of respiratory failure and death in patients in the intensive care unit. Experimentally, acute lung injury resolution depends on the repair of mitochondrial oxidant damage by the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) pathways, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy, but nothing is known about this in the human lung. In a case-control autopsy study, we compared the lungs of subjects dying of ARDS (n = 8; cases) and age-/gender-matched subjects dying of nonpulmonary causes (n = 7; controls). Slides were examined by light microscopy and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, randomly probing for co-localization of citrate synthase with markers of oxidant stress, mitochondrial DNA damage, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. ARDS lungs showed diffuse alveolar damage with edema, hyaline membranes, and neutrophils. Compared with controls, a high degree of mitochondrial oxidant damage was seen in type 2 epithelial (AT2) cells and alveolar macrophages by 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde co-staining with citrate synthase. In ARDS, antioxidant protein heme oxygenase-1 and DNA repair enzyme N-glycosylase/DNA lyase (Ogg1) were found in alveolar macrophages but not in AT2 cells. Moreover, MAP1 light chain-3 (LC3) and serine/threonine-protein kinase (Pink1) staining were absent in AT2 cells, suggesting a mitophagy failure. Nuclear respiratory factor-1 staining was missing in the alveolar region, suggesting impaired mitochondrial biogenesis. Widespread hyperproliferation of AT2 cells in ARDS could suggest defective differentiation into type 1 cells. ARDS lungs show profuse mitochondrial oxidant DNA damage but little evidence of MQC activity in AT2 epithelium. Because these pathways are important for acute lung injury resolution, our findings support MQC as a novel pharmacologic target for ARDS resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Kraft
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Elizabeth N Pavlisko
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor L Roggli
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Claude A Piantadosi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hagir B Suliman
- Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Ciarlone GE, Swift JM, Williams BT, Mahon RT, Roney NG, Yu T, Gasier HG. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural reduces skeletal muscle superoxide production and modifies force production in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15743. [PMID: 37491570 PMCID: PMC10368650 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased blood-tissue oxygenation at high altitude (HA) increases mitochondrial oxidant production and reduces exercise capacity. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is an antioxidant that increases hemoglobin's binding affinity for oxygen. For these reasons, we hypothesized that 5-HMF would improve muscle performance in rats exposed to a simulated HA of ~5500 m. A secondary objective was to measure mitochondrial activity and dynamic regulation of fission and fusion because they are linked processes impacted by HA. Fisher 344 rats received 5-HMF (40 mg/kg/day) or vehicle during exposure to sea level or HA for 72 h. Right ankle plantarflexor muscle function was measured pre- and post-exposure. Post-exposure measurements included arterial blood gas and complete blood count, flexor digitorum brevis myofiber superoxide production and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and mitochondrial dynamic regulation in the soleus muscle. HA reduced blood oxygenation, increased superoxide levels and lowered ΔΨm, responses that were accompanied by decreased peak isometric torque and force production at frequencies >75 Hz. 5-HMF increased isometric force production and lowered oxidant production at sea level. In HA exposed animals, 5-HMF prevented a decline in isometric force production at 75-125 Hz, prevented an increase in superoxide levels, further decreased ΔΨm, and increased mitochondrial fusion 2 protein expression. These results suggest that 5-HMF may prevent a decrease in hypoxic force production during submaximal isometric contractions by an antioxidant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey E Ciarlone
- Undersea Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua M Swift
- Undersea Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian T Williams
- Undersea Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard T Mahon
- Undersea Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas G Roney
- Undersea Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianzheng Yu
- Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Heath G Gasier
- Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Duke Center for Hyperbaric Medicine & Environmental Physiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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7
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Dancik GM, Varisli L, Vlahopoulos SA. The Molecular Context of Oxidant Stress Response in Cancer Establishes ALDH1A1 as a Critical Target: What This Means for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119372. [PMID: 37298333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein family of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) encompasses nineteen members. The ALDH1 subfamily consists of enzymes with similar activity, having the capacity to neutralize lipid peroxidation products and to generate retinoic acid; however, only ALDH1A1 emerges as a significant risk factor in acute myeloid leukemia. Not only is the gene ALDH1A1 on average significantly overexpressed in the poor prognosis group at the RNA level, but its protein product, ALDH1A1 protects acute myeloid leukemia cells from lipid peroxidation byproducts. This capacity to protect cells can be ascribed to the stability of the enzyme under conditions of oxidant stress. The capacity to protect cells is evident both in vitro, as well as in mouse xenografts of those cells, shielding cells effectively from a number of potent antineoplastic agents. However, the role of ALDH1A1 in acute myeloid leukemia has been unclear in the past due to evidence that normal cells often have higher aldehyde dehydrogenase activity than leukemic cells. This being true, ALDH1A1 RNA expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis. It is hence imperative that ALDH1A1 is methodically targeted, particularly for the acute myeloid leukemia patients of the poor prognosis risk group that overexpress ALDH1A1 RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett M Dancik
- Department of Computer Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT 06226, USA
| | - Lokman Varisli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
| | - Spiros A Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Zhao T, Wang H, Liu Z, Liu Y, Li B, Huang X. Recent Perspective of Lactobacillus in Reducing Oxidative Stress to Prevent Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030769. [PMID: 36979017 PMCID: PMC10044891 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During oxidative stress, an important factor in the development of many diseases, cellular oxidative and antioxidant activities are imbalanced due to various internal and external factors such as inflammation or diet. The administration of probiotic Lactobacillus strains has been shown to confer a range of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects in the host. This review focuses on the potential role of oxidative stress in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), cancer, and liver-related diseases in the context of preventive and therapeutic effects associated with Lactobacillus. This article reviews studies in cell lines and animal models as well as some clinical population reports that suggest that Lactobacillus could alleviate basic symptoms and related abnormal indicators of IBD, cancers, and liver damage, and covers evidence supporting a role for the Nrf2, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways in the effects of Lactobacillus in alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress, aberrant cell proliferation, and apoptosis. This review also discusses the unmet needs and future directions in probiotic Lactobacillus research including more extensive mechanistic analyses and more clinical trials for Lactobacillus-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730033, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730033, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730033, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China
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Park J, Jang KM, Park KK. Effects of Apamin on MPP +-Induced Calcium Overload and Neurotoxicity by Targeting CaMKII/ERK/p65/STAT3 Signaling Pathways in Dopaminergic Neuronal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315255. [PMID: 36499581 PMCID: PMC9736188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. The pathogenesis of PD is associated with several factors including oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ca2+ signaling plays a vital role in neuronal signaling and altered Ca2+ homeostasis has been implicated in many neuronal diseases including PD. Recently, we reported that apamin (APM), a selective antagonist of the small-conductivity Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channel, suppresses neuroinflammatory response. However, the mechanism(s) underlying the vulnerability of DA neurons were not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether APM affected 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium (MPP+)-mediated neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and rat embryo primary mesencephalic neurons. We found that APM decreased Ca2+ overload arising from MPP+-induced neurotoxicity response through downregulating the level of CaMKII, phosphorylation of ERK, and translocation of nuclear factor NFκB/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3. Furthermore, we showed that the correlation of MPP+-mediated Ca2+ overload and ERK/NFκB/STAT3 in the neurotoxicity responses, and dopaminergic neuronal cells loss, was verified through inhibitors. Our findings showed that APM might prevent loss of DA neurons via inhibition of Ca2+-overload-mediated signaling pathway and provide insights regarding the potential use of APM in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-650-4149
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Ferroni P, Palmirotta R, Egeo G, Aurilia C, Valente MG, Spila A, Pierallini A, Barbanti P, Guadagni F. Association of LTA and SOD Gene Polymorphisms with Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities in Migraine Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in migraine could be related to inflammatory and antioxidant events. The aim of this study is to verify whether migraine patients with WMHs carry a genetic pro-inflammatory/pro-oxidative status. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed lymphotoxin alpha (LTA; rs2071590T and rs2844482G) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; rs2234694C) and 2 (SOD2; rs4880T) gene polymorphisms (SNPs) in 370 consecutive patients affected by episodic (EM; n = 251) and chronic (CM; n = 119) migraine and in unrelated healthy controls (n = 100). Brain magnetic resonance was available in 183/370 patients. The results obtained show that genotypes and allele frequencies for all tested SNPs did not differ between patients and controls. No association was found between single SNPs or haplotypes and sex, migraine type, cardiovascular risk factors or disorders. Conversely, the LTA rs2071590T (OR = 2.2) and the SOD1 rs2234694C (OR = 4.9) alleles were both associated with WMHs. A four-loci haplotype (TGCT haplotype: rs2071590T/rs2844482G/rs2234694C/rs4880T) was significantly more frequent in migraineurs with WMHs (7 of 38) compared to those without WMHs (4 of 134; OR = 8.7). We may, therefore, conclude by suggesting that that an imbalance between pro-inflammatory/pro-oxidative and antioxidant events in genetically predisposed individuals may influence the development of WMHs.
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Du Y, Choi S, Pilski A, Graves SM. Differential vulnerability of locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe neurons to chronic methamphetamine-induced degeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:949923. [PMID: 35936499 PMCID: PMC9354074 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.949923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth) increases monoamine oxidase (MAO)-dependent mitochondrial stress in axons of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), and ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons. Chronic administration of meth results in SNc degeneration and MAO inhibition is neuroprotective, whereas, the VTA is resistant to degeneration. This differential vulnerability is attributed, at least in part, to the presence of L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent mitochondrial stress in SNc but not VTA dopamine neurons. MAO is also expressed in other monoaminergic neurons such as noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) and serotonergic dorsal raphe (DR) neurons. The impact of meth on mitochondrial stress in LC and DR neurons is unknown. In the current study we used a genetically encoded redox biosensor to investigate meth-induced MAO-dependent mitochondrial stress in LC and DR neurons. Similar to SNc and VTA neurons, meth increased MAO-dependent mitochondrial stress in axonal but not somatic compartments of LC norepinephrine and DR serotonin neurons. Chronic meth administration (5 mg/kg; 28-day) resulted in degeneration of LC neurons and MAO inhibition was neuroprotective whereas DR neurons were resistant to degeneration. Activating L-type Ca2+ channels increased mitochondrial stress in LC but not DR axons and inhibiting L-type Ca2+ channels in vivo with isradipine prevented meth-induced LC degeneration. These data suggest that similar to recent findings in SNc and VTA dopamine neurons, the differential vulnerability between LC and DR neurons can be attributed to the presence of L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent mitochondrial stress. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that both meth-induced MAO- and L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent mitochondrial stress are necessary for chronic meth-induced neurodegeneration.
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Gao MR, Zhang P, Han J, Tang CL, Zhu YF, Kan H, Li HJ, Han XP, Ma X. Small molecule compound M12 reduces vascular permeability in obese mice via blocking endothelial TRPV4-Nox2 interaction. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1430-40. [PMID: 34654876 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channel TRPV4 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox2) are involved in oxidative stress that increases endothelial permeability. It has been shown that obesity enhances the physical association of TRPV4 and Nox2, but the role of TRPV4-Nox2 association in obesity has not been clarified. In this study we investigated the function of TRPV4-Nox2 complex in reducing oxidative stress and regulating abnormal vascular permeability in obesity. Obesity was induced in mice by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. The physical interaction between TRPV4 and Nox2 was measured using FRET, co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays. The functional interaction was measured by rhodamine phalloidin, CM-H2DCFDA in vitro, the fluorescent dye dihydroethidium (DHE) staining assay, and the Evans blue permeability assay in vivo. We demonstrated that TRPV4 physically and functionally associated with Nox2, and this physical association was enhanced in aorta of obese mice. Furthermore, we showed that interrupting TRPV4-Nox2 coupling by TRPV4 knockout, or by treatment with a specific Nox2 inhibitor Nox2 dstat or a specific TRPV4 inhibitor HC067046 significantly attenuated obesity-induced ROS overproduction in aortic endothelial cells, and reversed the abnormal endothelial cytoskeletal structure. In order to discover small molecules disrupting the over-coupling of TPRV4 and Nox2 in obesity, we performed molecular docking analysis and found that compound M12 modulated TRPV4-Nox2 association, reduced ROS production, and finally reversed disruption of the vascular barrier in obesity. Together, this study, for the first time, provides evidence for the TRPV4 physically interacting with Nox2. TRPV4-Nox2 complex is a potential drug target in improving oxidative stress and disruption of the vascular barrier in obesity. Compound M12 targeting TRPV4-Nox2 complex can improve vascular barrier function in obesity.
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13
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Huang Z, Xie L, Xu Y, Zhao K, Li X, Zhong J, Lu Y, Xu X, Goodin S, Zhang K, Zhang L, Li C, Zheng X. Essential Oils from Zingiber striolatum Diels Attenuate Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress through Regulation of MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:2019. [PMID: 34943122 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zingiber striolatum Diels (Z. striolatum), a widely popular vegetable in China, is famous for its medicinal and nutritional values. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil from Z. striolatum (EOZS) remain unclear. In this study, EOZS from seven regions in China were extracted and analyzed by GC–MS. LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated mice were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of EOZS. Results show that 116 compounds were identified in EOZS from seven locations. Samples 2, 4 and 5 showed the best capability on DPPH radical scavenging and NO inhibition. They also significantly reduced the production of ROS, pro-inflammatory cytokines, macrophage morphological changes, migration and phagocytic capability. Transcriptomics revealed MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways may be involved in the anti-inflammatory mechanism, and the predictions were proven by Western blotting. In TPA-induced mice, EOZS reduced the degree of ear swelling and local immune cell infiltration by blocking the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which was consistent with the in vitro experimental results. Our research unveils the antioxidant capability and potential molecular mechanism of EOZS in regulating inflammatory response, and suggests the application of EOZS as a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries.
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14
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Murad H, Tayeb H, Mosli M, Rafeeq M, Basheikh M. Blood Levels of Glutamine and Nitrotyrosine in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8753-8762. [PMID: 34858046 PMCID: PMC8631182 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s337909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress is involved in pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis. Glutamine is an antioxidant, but there is a controversy about its risk-benefits. Nitrotyrosine is an oxidative stress marker. This observational cross-sectional study was designed to compare blood levels of glutamine and nitrotyrosine in treated versus untreated chronic viral hepatitis patients. Patients and Methods Five groups (n = 250) were included: hepatitis B untreated (HBV), hepatitis C untreated (HCV), HBV treated (HBVT), and HCV treated (HCVT) groups plus a normal control group. Liver function tests and blood levels of glutamine, nitrotyrosine, viral loads, and HBsAg were measured. Results Blood levels of glutamine and nitrotyrosine in all patient groups significantly increased compared with normal controls with non-significant differences in-between. Both tests showed significant large correlations with HBV-DNA or HCV-RNA test positivity, high accuracies, and cutoff scores with high sensitivities and specificities. The viral loads and HBsAg levels were significantly lower in treated versus untreated groups. However, they poorly correlated with levels of glutamine and nitrotyrosine in all patient groups. Conclusion Blood levels of glutamine and nitrotyrosine significantly increased in treated and untreated chronic viral hepatitis B and C patients compared with normal controls. Both tests showed high accuracies and cutoff scores with high sensitivities and specificities. However, they did not differ significantly in treated versus untreated patients. To our knowledge, this is the first data showing elevation of glutamine and nitrotyrosine in treated and untreated chronic viral hepatitis. A prospective longitudinal study with repeated measurements of glutamine and nitrotyrosine is recommended to verify if they can predict response to treatment. Study of other oxidative stress markers is also advised to clarify if the elevated nitrotyrosine could be an oxidative stress marker in these patients, and whether the increased glutamine could act as an antioxidant or as a predictive agent for deleterious consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haythum Tayeb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Mosli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahuddin Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Basheikh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Shikata T, Yuasa K, Kitatsuji S, Sakamoto S, Akita K, Fujinami Y, Nishiyama Y, Kotake T, Tanaka R, Yamasaki Y. Superoxide Production by the Red Tide-Producing Chattonella marina Complex (Raphidophyceae) Correlates with Toxicity to Aquacultured Fishes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1635. [PMID: 34679769 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine raphidophyte Chattonella marina complex forms red tides, causing heavy mortalities of aquacultured fishes in temperate coastal waters worldwide. The mechanism for Chattonella fish mortality remains unresolved. Although several toxic chemicals have been proposed as responsible for fish mortality, the cause is still unclear. In this study, we performed toxicity bioassays with red sea bream and yellowtail. We also measured biological parameters potentially related to ichthyotoxicity, such as cell size, superoxide (O2•−) production, and compositions of fatty acids and sugars, in up to eight Chattonella strains to investigate possible correlations with toxicity. There were significant differences in moribundity rates of fish and in all biological parameters among strains. One strain displayed no ichthyotoxicity even at high cell densities. Strains were categorized into three groups based on cell length, but this classification did not significantly correlate with ichthyotoxicity. O2•− production differed by a factor of more than 13 between strains at the late exponential growth phase. O2•− production was significantly correlated with ichthyotoxicity. Differences in fatty acid and sugar contents were not related to ichthyotoxicity. Our study supports the hypothesis that superoxide can directly or indirectly play an important role in the Chattonella-related mortality of aquacultured fishes.
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16
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Li T, Quan H, Zhang H, Lin L, Ou Q, Chen K. Silencing cyclophilin A improves insulin secretion, reduces cell apoptosis, and alleviates inflammation as well as oxidant stress in high glucose-induced pancreatic β-cells via MAPK/NF-kb signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 11:1047-1057. [PMID: 32970961 PMCID: PMC8291783 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1823729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin A is increased in the plasm of diabetic patients, while its effects on high glucose (HG)-stimulated pancreatic β-cells are still pending. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of cyclophilin A inhibition on HG-challenged pancreatic β-cells. For investigating the effects of cyclophilin A decrease on HG-induced pancreatic β-cells, the cells were separated into normal glucose (NG), Mannitol, HG, HG + shRNA-NC, and HG + shRNA-Cyclophilin A-1 groups. The protein and mRNA expression were detected via Western blot and qRT-PCR. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were employed for assessing cell viability and apoptosis. The levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin secretion were detected by corresponding kits. The cyclophilin A was higher in HG group. Knockdown of cyclophilin A was able to increase insulin secretion, decrease cell apoptosis, and alleviate inflammation as well as oxidant stress in HG-treated pancreatic β-cells via MAPK/NF-kb pathway. Taken together, Cyclophilin A, highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells induced by HG, is a promising therapeutic target for diabetes. Knockdown of cyclophilin A has protective effects against HG-challenged pancreatic β-cells via regulation of MAPK/NF-kb pathway. The findings in this study provided a new strategy for diabetic treatment and paved the way for future researches on diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangying Li
- Department of Health Care Centre, Hainan General Hospital , Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Huibiao Quan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital , Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Huachuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology Laboratory, Hainan General Hospital , Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Leweihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital , Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qianying Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital , Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Kaining Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital , Haikou, Hainan, China
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17
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Guo Z, Liu L, Li S, Xu B, Xu Y, Li H. Effect of BDNF on airway inflammation in a rat model of COPD. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1116. [PMID: 34504570 PMCID: PMC8383767 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on lung function and airway inflammation in a rat model of COPD. A rat model of COPD was established in this study, and anti-BDNF antibody was injected to observe the effect of BDNF on pulmonary function and airway inflammation. Lung function and hematoxylin and eosin staining analyses were performed. BDNF in the airway was examined using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of oxidant stress and inflammatory cytokines were measured. After long-term heavy cigarette exposure, pulmonary inflammation and emphysema were observed, while lung function had deteriorated in the COPD, COPD + anti-BDNF and COPD + normal saline groups. Levels of BDNF expression, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were increased in rats with COPD compared with control rats, while levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased. Anti-BDNF intervention improved airway inflammation. To conclude, anti-BDNF intervention could alleviate inflammation and improve any imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengli Guo
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215031, P.R. China.,Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Li
- Clinical Research and Lab Center, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Bingqing Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Yihui Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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18
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Huang J, Nong X, Chen Y, Zhang A, Chen L. 3-O-trans-caffeoyloleanolic acid improves acute lung injury via anti-inflammation and antioxidative stress-involved PI3K/AKT pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:114-126. [PMID: 33961336 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
3-O-trans-caffeoyloleanolic acid (COA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, with significant anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we report the protective effects of COA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and explored its mechanism of action. LPS was used to construct in vivo mouse ALI models to observe the effects of COA pretreatment on lung pathology, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In vitro, mouse alveolar macrophages MH-S cells were cultured and stimulated with LPS to investigate the effects of COA pretreatment on inflammation and oxidative stress. Western blotting was used to investigate the expression of iNOS, TLR4, p-p65, p-AKT, and p-PI3K from in vivo and in vitro samples. The results showed that COA significantly improved lung injury, inhibited neutrophil infiltration, prevented macrophage infiltration, inhibited the release of inflammatory factors, reduced oxidative stress, and down-regulated the expression of iNOS, TLR4, p-p65, p-AKT, and p-PI3K in ALI mice caused by LPS. In vitro, COA inhibited the release of inflammatory factors, reduced oxidative stress, and down-regulated the expression of iNOS, TLR4, p-p65, p-AKT, and p-PI3K in MH-S cells stimulated with LPS. Of interest, the protective effects of COA were significantly attenuated in MH-S cells pretreated with the PI3K phosphopeptide activator 740Y-P with no effect on TLR4 expression observed. Taken together, these findings confirm the protective effects of COA on ALI. We further demonstrate that the anti-inflammation and antioxidant effects of COA are mediated through its effects on PI3K/AKT and potentially TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Chest (Third people) Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Xueping Nong
- Pathology Department, Jiangxi Chest (Third people) Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Chest (Third people) Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Aimei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Chest (Third people) Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Lerong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Chest (Third people) Hospital, Nanchang, China
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19
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Suo K, Chen S, Li X, Liu X, Yi J, Zhu J, Lu L, Hao L, Kang Q, Lu J. Radioprotective effect of radiation-induced Lactococcus lactis cell-free extract against 60Coγ injury in mice. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9532-9542. [PMID: 34218913 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. However, IR can cause damage to human health by producing reactive oxygen species. Lactococcus lactis is a type of microorganism that is beneficial to human health and has a strong antioxidant capacity. In this study, the protective effect of normal and IR-induced L. lactis IL1403 cell-free extracts (CFE and IR-CFE, respectively) against oxidative damage in vitro and the radioprotective effect of IR-CFE in vivo was evaluated using 60Coγ-induced oxidative damage model in mice. Results showed that IR-CFE exhibited a stronger oxidative damage-protective effect than CFE for L. lactis IL1403 under H2O2 in vitro. Moreover, IR-CFE also showed strong radioprotective effect on hepatocyte cells (AML-12) under radiation condition, and the effect was better than that of CFE. Animal experiment indicated that IR-CFE could reduce the IR-induced damage to the hematopoietic system by increasing the number of white blood cells and red blood cells in peripheral blood of irradiated mice. It was also observed that IR-CFE could markedly alleviate the 60Coγ-induced oxidative stress via increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, enhancing the levels of glutathione, and decreasing the contents of malondialdehyde in serum, liver, and spleen. In addition, IR-CFE also could reduce the activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum, thereby reducing radiation damage to the liver. These results suggested that IR-CFE could be considered as potential candidates for natural radioprotective agents. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the application of lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Suo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Juanjuan Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Laizheng Lu
- Zhengzhou Mindtek Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Limin Hao
- Institute of Quartermaster Engineering and Technology, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing 100010, China.
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jike Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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20
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Abstract
Incidence of obesity related renal disorders have increased 10-folds in recent years. One of the consequences of obesity is an increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that leads to the enlargement of the renal glomerulus, i.e., glomerulomegaly. This heightened hyper-filtration in the setting of type 2 diabetes irreparably damages the kidney and leads to progression of end stage renal disease (ESRD). The patients suffering from type 2 diabetes have progressive proteinuria, and eventually one third of them develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ESRD. For ameliorating the progression of CKD, inhibitors of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) seemed to be effective, but on a short-term basis only. Long term and stable treatment strategies like weight loss via restricted or hypo-caloric diet or bariatric surgery have yielded better promising results in terms of amelioration of proteinuria and maintenance of normal GFR. Body mass index (BMI) is considered as a traditional marker for the onset of obesity, but apparently, it is not a reliable indicator, and thus there is a need for more precise evaluation of regional fat distribution and amount of muscle mass. With respect to the pathogenesis, recent investigations have suggested perturbation in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism as the critical mediators in ectopic renal lipid accumulation associated with inflammation, increased generation of ROS, RAAS activation and consequential tubulo-interstitial injury. This review summarizes the renewed approaches for the obesity assessment and evaluation of the pathogenesis of CKD, altered renal hemodynamics and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Sharma
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yingjun Liao
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Zheng
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Urology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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21
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Thomas T, Cendali F, Fu X, Gamboni F, Morrison EJ, Beirne J, Nemkov T, Antonelou MH, Kriebardis A, Welsby I, Hay A, Dziewulska KH, Busch MP, Kleinman S, Buehler PW, Spitalnik SL, Zimring JC, D'Alessandro A. Fatty acid desaturase activity in mature red blood cells and implications for blood storage quality. Transfusion 2021; 61:1867-1883. [PMID: 33904180 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in the red blood cell (RBC) degree of fatty acid desaturation are reported in response to exercise, aging, or diseases associated with systemic oxidant stress. However, no studies have focused on the presence and activity of fatty acid desaturases (FADS) in the mature RBC. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Steady state metabolomics and isotope-labeled tracing experiments, immunofluorescence approaches, and pharmacological interventions were used to determine the degree of fatty acid unsaturation, FADS activity as a function of storage, oxidant stress, and G6PD deficiency in human and mouse RBCs. RESULTS In 250 blood units from the REDS III RBC Omics recalled donor population, we report a storage-dependent accumulation of free mono-, poly-(PUFAs), and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), which occur at a faster rate than saturated fatty acid accumulation. Through a combination of immunofluorescence, pharmacological inhibition, tracing experiments with stable isotope-labeled fatty acids, and oxidant challenge with hydrogen peroxide, we demonstrate the presence and redox-sensitive activity of FADS2, FADS1, and FADS5 in the mature RBC. Increases in PUFAs and HUFAs in human and mouse RBCs correlate negatively with storage hemolysis and positively with posttransfusion recovery. Inhibition of these enzymes decreases accumulation of free PUFAs and HUFAs in stored RBCs, concomitant to increases in pyruvate/lactate ratios. Alterations of this ratio in G6PD deficient patients or units supplemented with pyruvate-rich rejuvenation solutions corresponded to decreased PUFA and HUFA accumulation. CONCLUSION Fatty acid desaturases are present and active in mature RBCs. Their activity is sensitive to oxidant stress, storage duration, and alterations of the pyruvate/lactate ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Cendali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Fu
- BloodWorks Northwest, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Fabia Gamboni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Evan J Morrison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jonathan Beirne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marianna H Antonelou
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ian Welsby
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ariel Hay
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charloteseville, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James C Zimring
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charloteseville, Virginia, USA
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22
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Mighiu AS, Recalde A, Ziberna K, Carnicer R, Tomek J, Bub G, Brewer AC, Verheule S, Shah AM, Simon JN, Casadei B. Inducibility, but not stability, of atrial fibrillation is increased by NOX2 overexpression in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2354-2364. [PMID: 33483749 PMCID: PMC8479801 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Gp91-containing NADPH oxidases (NOX2) are a significant source of myocardial superoxide production. An increase in NOX2 activity accompanies atrial fibrillation (AF) induction and electrical remodelling in animal models and predicts incident AF in humans; however, a direct causal role for NOX2 in AF has not been demonstrated. Accordingly, we investigated whether myocardial NOX2 overexpression in mice (NOX2-Tg) is sufficient to generate a favourable substrate for AF and further assessed the effects of atorvastatin, an inhibitor of NOX2, on atrial superoxide production and AF susceptibility. Methods and results NOX2-Tg mice showed a 2- to 2.5-fold higher atrial protein content of NOX2 compared with wild-type (WT) controls, which was associated with a significant (twofold) increase in NADPH-stimulated superoxide production (2-hydroxyethidium by HPLC) in left and right atrial tissue homogenates (P = 0.004 and P = 0.019, respectively). AF susceptibility assessed in vivo by transoesophageal atrial burst stimulation was modestly increased in NOX2-Tg compared with WT (probability of AF induction: 88% vs. 69%, respectively; P = 0.037), in the absence of significant alterations in AF duration, surface ECG parameters, and LV mass or function. Mechanistic studies did not support a role for NOX2 in promoting electrical or structural remodelling, as high-resolution optical mapping of atrial tissues showed no differences in action potential duration and conduction velocity between genotypes. In addition, we did not observe any genotype difference in markers of fibrosis and inflammation, including atrial collagen content and Col1a1, Il-1β, Il-6, and Mcp-1 mRNA. Similarly, NOX2 overexpression did not have consistent effects on RyR2 Ca2+ leak nor did it affect PKA or CaMKII-mediated RyR2 phosphorylation. Finally, treatment with atorvastatin significantly inhibited atrial superoxide production in NOX2-Tg but had no effect on AF induction in either genotype. Conclusion Together, these data indicate that while atrial NOX2 overexpression may contribute to atrial arrhythmogenesis, NOX2-derived superoxide production does not affect the electrical and structural properties of the atrial myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Recalde
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Klemen Ziberna
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jakub Tomek
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Gil Bub
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Alison C Brewer
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Sander Verheule
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Jillian N Simon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Casadei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
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Erel Ö, Erdoğan S. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis: an integrated approach with biochemical and clinical aspects. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1728-1738. [PMID: 32233181 PMCID: PMC7672356 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2003-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) is a new area has begun to attract more scrutiny. Dynamic TDH is reversal of thiol oxidation in proteins and represents the status of thiols (-SH) and disulfides (-S-S-). Organic compounds containing the sulfhydryl group is called thiol, composed of sulfur and hydrogen atoms. Disulfides are the most important class of dynamic, redox responsive covalent bonds build in between two thiol groups. For many years, thiol levels were analyzed by several methods. During last years, measurements of disulfide levels have been analyzed by a novel automated method, developed by Erel and Neselioglu. In this method, addition to thiol (termed as native thiol) levels, disulfide levels were also measured and sum of native thiol and disulfide levels were termed as total thiol. Therefore, TDH was begun to be understood in organism. In healthy humans, TDH is maintained within a certain range. Dysregulated dynamic TDH has been implicated several disorders with unknown etiology. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that the thiol-disulfide homeostasis is involved in variety diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, nonsmall cell lung cancer, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), inflammatory bowel diseases, occupational diseases, gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. These results may elucidate some pathogenic mechanism or may be a predictor indicating diagnostic clue, prognostic marker or therapeutic sign. In conclusion, protection of the thiol-disulfide homeostasis is of great importance for the human being. Evidence achieved so far has proposed that thiol-disulfide homeostasis is an important issue needs to elucidate wholly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özcan Erel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Universty, Ankara , Turkey,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serpil Erdoğan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Universty, Ankara , Turkey
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Li S, Eguchi N, Lau H, Ichii H. The Role of the Nrf2 Signaling in Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186973. [PMID: 32971975 PMCID: PMC7555440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a metabolic disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, has globally become an increasingly prevalent disease. Extensive studies have been conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the development of obesity. In particular, the close association of inflammation and oxidative stress with obesity has become increasingly evident. Obesity has been shown to exhibit augmented levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines, which have been associated with the activation of pathways linked with inflammation-induced insulin resistance, a major pathological component of obesity and several other metabolic disorders. Oxidative stress, in addition to its role in stimulating adipose differentiation, which directly triggers obesity, is considered to feed into this pathway, further aggravating insulin resistance. Nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that is activated in response to inflammation and oxidative stress, and responds by increasing antioxidant transcription levels. Therefore, Nrf2 has emerged as a critical new target for combating insulin resistance and subsequently, obesity. However, the effects of Nrf2 on insulin resistance and obesity are controversial. This review focuses on the current state of research on the interplay of inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity, the role of the Nrf2 pathway in obesity and insulin resistance, and the potential use of Nrf2 activators for the treatment of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Li
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (H.I.); Tel.: +1-(714)-456-5160 (S.L.); +1-(714)-456-8590 (H.I.)
| | | | | | - Hirohito Ichii
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (H.I.); Tel.: +1-(714)-456-5160 (S.L.); +1-(714)-456-8590 (H.I.)
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25
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Mohapatra E, Priya R, Nanda R, Patel S. Serum GGT and serum ferritin as early markers for metabolic syndrome. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3458-3463. [PMID: 33102313 PMCID: PMC7567201 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_570_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In India, the prevalence of lifestyle diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is showing an upward trend. Gamma glutamate transferase (GGT) and ferritin increase oxidant stress in the body through their role in glutathione homeostasis and iron metabolism, respectively. The increase in oxidant stress increases the inflammatory load, a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. These parameters are cheap, patient-friendly, and available in routine diagnostic labs compatible for follow-up, relieving the already overburdened healthcare system. Methodology: In a case-control study, samples of 77 cases of metabolic syndrome and 77 age and sex-matched controls were analyzed for serum GGT (by modified IFCC) and serum ferritin (by CLIA). Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 20.0 version. Results: The mean ± SD for ferritin and GGT were 101.58 ± 84.20 ng/dL and 36.67 ± 26.40 IU/L, respectively in cases, whereas in control group these values were 38.38 ± 29.26 ng/dL and 16.5 3 ± 6.79 IU/L (P < 0.001). Positive and significant correlation was seen between GGT with TG (r-value- 0.376/P-value-0.001) and GGT with waist circumference (r-value- 0.298/P-value- 0.022). A positive and significant correlation was seen between GGT and ferritin in cases with an r-value of 0.307 (P-value - 0.01). Conclusion: The increased values of GGT and ferritin in cases suggest an inflammatory load. The positive and significant correlation between GGT and triglyceride indicates its role in increasing oxidants’ stress leading to inflammation and the development of MetS. The association of ferritin with MetS though insignificant may be considered as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Mohapatra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ritu Priya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rachita Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Suprava Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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26
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Bartolini D, Tew KD, Marinelli R, Galli F, Wang GY. Nrf2-modulation by seleno-hormetic agents and its potential for radiation protection. Biofactors 2020; 46:239-245. [PMID: 31617634 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The trace element selenium (Se) is an essential component of selenoproteins and plays a critical role in redox signaling via regulating the activity of selenoenzymes such as thioredoxin reductase-1 and glutathione peroxidases. Se compounds and its metabolites possess a wide range of biological functions including anticancer and cytoprotection effects, modulation of hormetic genes and antioxidant enzyme activities. Radiation-induced injury of normal tissues is a significant side effect for cancer patients who receive radiotherapy in the clinic and the development of new and effective radioprotectors is an important goal of research. Others and we have shown that seleno-compounds have the potential to protect ionizing radiation-induced toxicities in various tissues and cells both in in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review, we discuss the potential utilization of Se compounds with redox-dependent hormetic activity as novel radio-protective agents to alleviate radiation toxicity. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the radioprotection effects of these seleno-hormetic agents are also discussed. These include Nrf2 transcription factor modulation and the consequent upregulation of the adaptive stress response to IR in bone marrow stem cells and hematopoietic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rita Marinelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gavin Y Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Abstract
Frankincense essential oil, obtained from Boswellia carteri, is a popular essential oil, which is widely used in many parts of the world. While some of its properties are known, its effects on stress and sleep have not been studied. The effects of frankincense essential oil and its major components, limonene and α-pinene, on plasma corticosterone and glutathione (GSH) levels, as well as on sleep and wakefulness behaviour, were studied in sleep-deprived rats. The substances were applied topically after dilution in jojoba oil (vehicle). As compared to vehicle, frankincense essential oil at a dilution of 1/1000 (1:103) significantly reduced corticosterone levels (p < 0.05). In contrast, its major constituents (α-pinene and limonene), elevated levels of this stress hormone. Frankincense, limonene and α-pinene, all led to significant reductions in plasma GSH levels. Although frankincense dose-dependently reduced plasma concentrations of antioxidant ions albeit to levels insufficient to neutralize oxidative stress; levels of products of oxidative metabolism metabolites were decreased by the frankincense. In sleep-deprived rats, frankincense 1:103 respectively increased and decreased the amount of wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement sleep. Frankincense essential oil can counter the effects of stress by effectively relieving sleep debt and maintaining antioxidant capacity without increasing oxidative stress, and, therefore, may be beneficial in the management of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukan Okano
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | | | | | - Mayumi Kimura
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science.,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
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Abstract
Liver injury and acute liver failure caused by acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the clinically most important drug toxicity in western countries. Mechanistic investigations have revealed a central role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology. Excess formation of the reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) after an overdose leads to hepatic glutathione depletion, mitochondrial protein adducts formation and an initial oxidant stress, which triggers the activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade ultimately leading to c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. Phospho-JNK translocates to the mitochondria and amplifies the oxidative and nitrosative stress eventually causing the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening and cessation of ATP synthesis. In addition, mitochondrial matrix swelling ruptures the outer membrane and releases endonucleases, which cause nuclear DNA fragmentation. Together, the nuclear DNA damage and the extensive mitochondrial dysfunction result in necrotic cell death. However, the pro-cell death signaling events are counteracted by adaptive responses such as autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. The improved mechanistic insight into the pathophysiology leads to better understanding of the mechanisms of action of the existing antidote N-acetylcysteine and justifies the clinical testing of novel therapeutics such as 4-methylpyrazole and calmangafodipir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Luqi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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29
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Wang Q, Xiao L. Isochlorogenic acid A attenuates acute lung injury induced by LPS via Nf-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:7018-7026. [PMID: 31814905 PMCID: PMC6895519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is still no effective drug with small side effects for acute lung injury. Monomer of herb is promising for anti-inflammation therapy. In this study, we first investigated the possible effects of isochlorogenic acid A in acute lung injury induced by LPS. The effects of oxidant stress, pulmonary edema and inflammation factors induced by LPS were inhibited by isochlorogenic acid A. Levels of lung active markers and inflammation factors induced by LPS were reversed by isochlorogenic acid A. Isochlorogenic acid A inhibited the cell apoptosis induced by LPS. The protein expressions of Nf-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway induced by LPS were inhibited by isochlorogenic acid A. In summary, isochlorogenic acid A reversed the effects induced by LPS in acute lung injury and is a promising monomer for therapy of acute lung injury, providing references for future research on therapy of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Pediatric, Foshan Women and Children HospitalFoshan 528000, Guangdong, China
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30
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Abstract
In heart failure, alterations of Na+ and Ca2+ handling, energetic deficit, and oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes are important pathophysiological hallmarks. Mitochondria are central to these processes because they are the main source for ATP, but also reactive oxygen species (ROS), and their function is critically controlled by Ca2+ During physiological variations of workload, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is required to match energy supply to demand but also to keep the antioxidative capacity in a reduced state to prevent excessive emission of ROS. Mitochondria take up Ca2+ via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, which exists in a multiprotein complex whose molecular components were identified only recently. In heart failure, deterioration of cytosolic Ca2+ and Na+ handling hampers mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and the ensuing Krebs cycle-induced regeneration of the reduced forms of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), giving rise to energetic deficit and oxidative stress. ROS emission from mitochondria can trigger further ROS release from neighboring mitochondria termed ROS-induced ROS release, and cross talk between different ROS sources provides a spatially confined cellular network of redox signaling. Although low levels of ROS may serve physiological roles, higher levels interfere with excitation-contraction coupling, induce maladaptive cardiac remodeling through redox-sensitive kinases, and cell death through mitochondrial permeability transition. Targeting the dysregulated interplay between excitation-contraction coupling and mitochondrial energetics may ameliorate the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertero
- From the Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- From the Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Background: Acetaminophen is a common pharmaceutical ingestion reported to US poison centers. In overdose, toxic metabolites are known to cause hepato- and nephrotoxicity. While G6PD deficiency may be a risk factor for methemoglobin production in the setting of acetaminophen overdose, it is rarely reported in patients who do not have this condition.Methods: We present two cases of methemoglobinemia following massive acetaminophen ingestion with no known history of G6PD deficiency or other substances known to induce methemoglobinemia. The two cases had peak methemoglobin measurements of 32% and 12% respectively, and both were treated with methylene blue.Discussion: A number of mechanisms may be involved in production of methemoglobin in the setting of massive acetaminophen ingestion including NAPQI-induced oxidation, depletion of glutathione stores, and production of oxidant-metabolites including paraaminophenol. While it is unlikely that the majority of acetaminophen overdoses result in any clinically significant methemoglobinemia, massive acetaminophen overdose may be complicated by development of methemoglobinemia.Conclusion: Physicians should be aware of the possibility that massive acetaminophen ingestion may be complicated by methemoglobinemia in rare instances. Further studies should aim to characterize the metabolic pathways leading to possible methemoglobinemia in humans after large acetaminophen ingestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Rianprakaisang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Adam Blumenberg
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Toxicology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Robert G Hendrickson
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Toxicology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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32
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Tai W, Deng S, Wu W, Li Z, Lei W, Wang Y, Vongphouttha C, Zhang T, Dong Z. Rapamycin attenuates the paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis through activating Nrf2 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1759-1768. [PMID: 31301076 PMCID: PMC6899830 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key regulator of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Paraquat (PQ)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis seriously endangers people's health. Rapamycin has been reported to alleviate PQ‐induced pulmonary fibrosis, but its underlying mechanism is unclear. The nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important regulatory role in the antioxidant therapy of PQ‐induced pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we tried to confirm that rapamycin attenuates PQ‐induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating Nrf2 pathway. In vivo, we proved that rapamycin could inhibit the degree of PQ‐induced oxidant stress as well as enhanced the expression of Nrf2. In vitro, rapamycin decreased the upregulated effects of cell death and apoptosis, fibrosis‐related factors expression and fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast transformation by PQ treatment. In vivo, rapamycin treatment reduced fibrosis degree and the expression of fibrosis‐related factors in lung tissues of rat treated PQ. Furthermore, we also found that Nrf2 knockdown reduced the inhibitory effect of rapamycin on PQ‐induced pulmonary fibrosis, as well as decreased Nrf2 transfer from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Our findings demonstrated that the protective effect of rapamycin is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 pathway in pulmonary fibrosis induced by PQ poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Tai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuhao Deng
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - ZhenKun Li
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chanthasone Vongphouttha
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaoxing Dong
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Priestley JRC, Fink KE, McCord JM, Lombard JH. NRF2 activation with Protandim attenuates salt-induced vascular dysfunction and microvascular rarefaction. Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12575. [PMID: 31132190 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS This study tested the hypothesis that dietary activation of the master antioxidant and cell protective transcription factor nuclear factor, erythroid -2-like 2 (NRF2), protects against salt-induced vascular dysfunction by restoring redox homeostasis in the vasculature. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats and Syrian hamsters were fed a HS (4.0% NaCl) diet containing ~60 mg/kg/day Protandim supplement for 2 weeks and compared to controls fed HS diet alone. RESULTS Protandim supplementation restoredendothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) in middle cerebral arteries (MCA)of HS-fed rats and hamster cheek pouch arterioles, and increased microvessel density in the cremastermuscle of HS-fed rats. The restored dilation to ACh in MCA of Protandim-treated rats was prevented by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with L-NAME [100 μM] and was absent in MCA from Nrf2(-/-) knockout rats fed HS diet. Basilar arteries from HS-fed rats treated with Protandim exhibited significantly lower staining for mitochondrial oxidizing species than untreated animals fed HS diet alone; and Protandim treatment increased MnSOD (SOD2) protein expression in mesenteric arteries of HS-fed rats. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that dietary activation of NRF2 protects against salt-induced vascular dysfunction, vascular oxidative stress, and microvascular rarefaction by upregulating antioxidant defenses and reducing mitochondrial ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie E Fink
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Joe M McCord
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine Research, University of Colorado at Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julian H Lombard
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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34
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Novelli EM, Little-Ihrig L, Knupp HE, Rogers NM, Yao M, Baust JJ, Meijles D, St Croix CM, Ross MA, Pagano PJ, DeVallance ER, Miles G, Potoka KP, Isenberg JS, Gladwin MT. Vascular TSP1-CD47 signaling promotes sickle cell-associated arterial vasculopathy and pulmonary hypertension in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L1150-L1164. [PMID: 30892078 PMCID: PMC6620668 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00302.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a leading cause of death in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Hemolysis and oxidative stress contribute to SCD-associated PH. We have reported that the protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) is elevated in the plasma of patients with SCD and, by interacting with its receptor CD47, limits vasodilation of distal pulmonary arteries ex vivo. We hypothesized that the TSP1-CD47 interaction may promote PH in SCD. We found that TSP1 and CD47 are upregulated in the lungs of Berkeley (BERK) sickling (Sickle) mice and patients with SCD-associated PH. We then generated chimeric animals by transplanting BERK bone marrow into C57BL/6J (n = 24) and CD47 knockout (CD47KO, n = 27) mice. Right ventricular (RV) pressure was lower in fully engrafted Sickle-to-CD47KO than Sickle-to-C57BL/6J chimeras, as shown by the reduced maximum RV pressure (P = 0.013) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (P = 0.020). The afterload of the sickle-to-CD47KO chimeras was also lower, as shown by the diminished pulmonary vascular resistance (P = 0.024) and RV effective arterial elastance (P = 0.052). On myography, aortic segments from Sickle-to-CD47KO chimeras showed improved relaxation to acetylcholine. We hypothesized that, in SCD, TSP1-CD47 signaling promotes PH, in part, by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In human pulmonary artery endothelial cells, treatment with TSP1 stimulated ROS generation, which was abrogated by CD47 blockade. Explanted lungs of CD47KO chimeras had less vascular congestion and a smaller oxidative footprint. Our results show that genetic absence of CD47 ameliorates SCD-associated PH, which may be due to decreased ROS levels. Modulation of TSP1-CD47 may provide a new molecular approach to the treatment of SCD-associated PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico M Novelli
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lynda Little-Ihrig
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather E Knupp
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Natasha M Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Mingyi Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Midwestern University , Glendale, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey J Baust
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Meijles
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading , Reading , United Kingdom
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark A Ross
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Evan R DeVallance
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George Miles
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Karin P Potoka
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey S Isenberg
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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35
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Song H, Wen J, Li H, Meng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Zheng W. Enhanced transdermal permeability and drug deposition of rheumatoid arthritis via sinomenine hydrochloride-loaded antioxidant surface transethosome. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3177-3188. [PMID: 31118630 PMCID: PMC6504668 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s188842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) curing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for long-term treatment can improve patients' compliance and reduce the accumulation of drug side effects. However, TDDS is constrained by the tight junction of the stratum corneum and low permeation efficiency. It is necessary to adopt proper permeation methods to ensure the therapeutic effect. The transethosome (TE), which is derived from transfersome and ethosome (E), containing a high content of ethanol along with an edge activator or permeation enhancer, has superior deformability and higher permeation efficiency. Methods and Results: In this study, sinomenine hydrochloride-loaded TE was decorated with ascorbic acid to form antioxidant surface transethosome (AS-TE). It was revealed that TE and AS-TE containing sodium deoxycholate can effectively increase the entrapment efficiency of hydrophilic drug, and has superior deformability and higher permeation efficiency than E group. The plasma pharmacokinetics of rabbits showed that TE group and AS-TE group had similar blood concentration and bioavailability; however, micro-dialysis on synovial fluid demonstrated that AS-TE group had higher drug concentration. In RA rat models, the alleviation of the joint swell of AS-TE group was more obvious in the course of 3 weeks of treatment. The inflammatory cytokines and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly lower than those in the negative control group and TE1 group. Conclusion: AS-TE, which can enhance transdermal permeability and drug deposition for the oxidant stress of RA, had further research potential to serve as a TDDS of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Wen
- Academic Department, Chinese Pharmaceutical Association, Beijing, 100022, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wensheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, People’s Republic of China
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Thomes PG, Rasineni K, Yang L, Donohue TM, Kubik JL, McNiven MA, Casey CA. Ethanol withdrawal mitigates fatty liver by normalizing lipid catabolism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G509-G518. [PMID: 30714813 PMCID: PMC6957361 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00376.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We are investigating the changes in hepatic lipid catabolism that contribute to alcohol-induced fatty liver. Following chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure, abstinence from alcohol resolves steatosis. Here, we investigated the hepatocellular events that lead to this resolution by quantifying specific catabolic parameters that returned to control levels after EtOH was withdrawn. We hypothesized that, after its chronic consumption, EtOH withdrawal reactivates lipid catabolic processes that restore lipostasis. Male Wistar rats were fed control and EtOH liquid diets for 6 wk. Randomly chosen EtOH-fed rats were then fed control diet for 7 days. Liver triglycerides (TG), lipid peroxides, key markers of fatty acid (FA) metabolism, lipophagy, and autophagy were quantified. Compared with controls, EtOH-fed rats had higher hepatic triglycerides, lipid peroxides, and serum free fatty acids (FFA). The latter findings were associated with higher levels of FA transporters (FATP 2, 4, and 5) but lower quantities of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), which governs FA oxidation. EtOH-fed animals also had lower nuclear levels of the autophagy-regulating transcription factor EB (TFEB), associated with lower hepatic lipophagy and autophagy. After EtOH-fed rats were refed control diet for 7 days, their serum FFA levels and those of FATPs fell to control (normal) levels, whereas PPAR-α levels rose to normal. Hepatic TG and malondialdehyde levels in EtOH-withdrawn rats declined to near control levels. EtOH withdrawal restored nuclear TFEB content, hepatic lipophagy, and autophagy activity to control levels. EtOH withdrawal reversed aberrant FA metabolism and restored lysosomal function to promote resolution of alcohol-induced fatty liver. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, using an animal model, we show mechanisms of reversal of fatty liver and injury following EtOH withdrawal. Our data indicate that reactivation of autophagy and lysosome function through the restoration of transcription factor EB contribute to reversal of fatty liver and injury following EtOH withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Thomes
- 1The Liver Study Unit, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska,2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- 1The Liver Study Unit, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska,2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Li Yang
- 7Departmentof Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- 1The Liver Study Unit, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska,2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska,3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska,4Pathology and Microbiology; College of Medicine; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska,5The Center for Environmental Toxicology; College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jacy L. Kubik
- 1The Liver Study Unit, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mark A. McNiven
- 6Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carol A. Casey
- 1The Liver Study Unit, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska,2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska,3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Wang LX, Shi YL, Zhang LJ, Wang KR, Xiang LP, Cai ZY, Lu JL, Ye JH, Liang YR, Zheng XQ. Inhibitory Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on Esophageal Cancer. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050954. [PMID: 30857144 PMCID: PMC6429180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is epidemiological evidence showing that drinking green tea can lower the risk of esophageal cancer (EC). The effect is mainly attributed to tea polyphenols and their most abundant component, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). The possible mechanisms of tumorigenesis inhibition of EGCG include its suppressive effects on cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, DNA methylation, metastasis and oxidant stress. EGCG modulates multiple signal transduction and metabolic signaling pathways involving in EC. A synergistic effect was also observed when EGCG was used in combination with other treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Xiang Wang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No. 127, Dongming Road, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, China.
| | - Yun-Long Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Long-Jie Zhang
- Ningbo Huangjinyun Tea Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Yuyao 315412, China.
| | - Kai-Rong Wang
- Ningbo Huangjinyun Tea Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Yuyao 315412, China.
| | - Li-Ping Xiang
- National Tea and Tea Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Guizhou), Zunyi 563100, China.
| | - Zhuo-Yu Cai
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Park M, Steinberg SF. Carvedilol Prevents Redox Inactivation of Cardiomyocyte Β 1-Adrenergic Receptors. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:521-532. [PMID: 30175276 PMCID: PMC6116783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism that leads to a decrease in β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) expression in the failing heart remains uncertain. This study shows that cardiomyocyte β1AR expression and isoproterenol responsiveness decrease in response to oxidative stress. Studies of mechanisms show that the redox-dependent decrease in β1AR expression is uniquely prevented by carvedilol and not other βAR ligands. Carvedilol also promotes the accumulation of N-terminally truncated β1ARs that confer protection against doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in association with activation of protein kinase B. The redox-induced molecular controls for cardiomyocyte β1ARs and pharmacologic properties of carvedilol identified in this study have important clinical and therapeutic implications.
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Key Words
- AKT
- AKT, protein kinase B
- CREB, cyclic adenosine monophosphate binding response element protein
- ERK, extracellular regulated kinase
- FL, full-length
- GFX, GF109203X
- GRK, G protein–coupled receptor kinase
- HF, heart failure
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PTX, pertussis toxin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- cardiomyocytes
- cardioprotection
- oxidant stress
- β1-adrenergic receptor
- βAR, β-adrenergic receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Misun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Wang W, Shapiro JI. Quantum Modeling: A Bridge between the Pumping and Signaling Functions of Na/K-ATPase. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2347. [PMID: 30096926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the signaling function of Na/K-ATPase has been studied for decades, the chasm between the pumping function and the signaling function of Na/K-ATPase is still an open issue. This article explores the relationship between ion pumping and signaling with attention to the amplification of oxidants through this signaling function. We specifically consider the Na/K-ATPase with respect to its signaling function as a superposition of different states described for its pumping function. We then examine how alterations in the relative amounts of these states could alter signaling through the Src-EGFR-ROS pathway. Using assumptions based on some experimental observations published by our laboratories and others, we develop some predictions regarding cellular oxidant stress.
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Ferroni P, Barbanti P, Della-Morte D, Palmirotta R, Jirillo E, Guadagni F. Redox Mechanisms in Migraine: Novel Therapeutics and Dietary Interventions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1144-1183. [PMID: 28990418 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Migraine represents the third most prevalent and the seventh most disabling human disorder. Approximately 30% of migraine patients experience transient, fully reversible, focal neurological symptoms (aura) preceding the attack. Recent Advances: Awareness of the hypothesis that migraine actually embodies a spectrum of illnesses-ranging from episodic to chronic forms-is progressively increasing and poses novel challenges for clarifying the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine as well as for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Several theories have evolved to the current concept that a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors may play a role in migraine pathogenesis, although their relative importance is still being debated. CRITICAL ISSUES One critical issue that deserves a particular attention is the role of oxidative stress in migraine. Indeed, potentially harmful oxidative events occur during the migraine attack and long-lasting or frequent migraine episodes may increase brain exposure to oxidative events that can lead to chronic transformation. Moreover, a wide variety of dietary, environmental, physiological, behavioral, and pharmacological migraine triggers may act through oxidative stress, with clear implications for migraine treatment and prophylaxis. Interestingly, almost all current prophylactic migraine agents exert antioxidant effects. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Increasing awareness of the role of oxidative stress and/or decreased antioxidant defenses in migraine pathogenesis and progression to a chronic condition lays the foundations for the design of novel prophylactic approaches, which, by reducing brain oxidative phenomena, could favorably modify the clinical course of migraine. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1144-1183.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ferroni
- 1 Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University , Rome, Italy .,2 IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Barbanti
- 3 Headache and Pain Unit, Department of Neurological, Motor and Sensorial Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- 1 Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University , Rome, Italy .,2 IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy .,4 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata ," Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- 5 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, "A. Moro" University , Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- 6 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, "A. Moro" University , Bari, Italy
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- 1 Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University , Rome, Italy .,2 IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy
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Ma Q, Liu Q, Yuan L, Zhuang Y. Protective Effects of LSGYGP from Fish Skin Gelatin Hydrolysates on UVB-Induced MEFs by Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040420. [PMID: 29597313 PMCID: PMC5946205 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous study has shown that tilapia fish skin gelatin hydrolysates inhibited photoaging in vivo, and that, Leu-Ser-Gly-Tyr-Gly-Pro (LSGYGP) identified in the hydrolysate had a high hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In this study, activities of LSGYGP were further evaluated using ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). UVB irradiation significantly increased the intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activities and decreased the content of collagen in MEFs. LSGYGP reduced the intercellular ROS generation in UVB-induced MEFs. Meanwhile, the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the increase of malondiaidehyde (MDA) content were inhibited by LSGYGP. LSGYGP reduced MMP-1 and MMP-9 activities in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking simulation indicated that LSGYGP inhibited MMPs activities by docking the active sites of MMP-1 and MMP-9. Furthermore, LSGYGP also affected the intercellular phosphorylation of UVB-induced the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. LSGYGP could protect collagen synthesis in MEFs under UVB irradiation by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating MMPs activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Ma
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Qiuming Liu
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ling Yuan
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yongliang Zhuang
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated pleiotropic effects of statins in various mouse models of kidney disease. In this study, Townes humanized sickle cell mice were treated for 8 weeks with atorvastatin at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day starting at 10 weeks of age. Treatment with atorvastatin significantly reduced albuminuria, and improved both urine concentrating ability and glomerular filtration rate. Atorvastatin also decreased markers of kidney injury and endothelial activation, and ameliorated oxidant stress in renal tissues and peripheral macrophages. Atorvastatin downregulated the expression of mRNA levels of the NADPH oxidases, Cybb (also termed Nox2) and Nox4, which are major sources of oxidant stress in the kidney. These findings highlight the pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin and suggest that it may provide beneficial effects in sickle cell nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima S Zahr
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Prasanthi Chappa
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hong Yin
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pathology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lou A Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kenneth I Ataga
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Comprehensive Sickle Cell Program, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David R Archer
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species have long been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute liver injury. However, the translation of these findings to the clinic and the development of therapeutic agents have been slow mainly due to the poor mechanistic understanding of the pathophysiology and the many indirect approaches used to characterize the role of oxidant stress in liver injury. The current review discusses in depth the sources of reactive oxygen, the oxidants involved and the impact of this oxidant stress in the mechanism of cell death in 3 different clinically relevant acute liver injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Lukaszewicz KM, Paudyal MP, Falck JR, Lombard JH. Role of vascular reactive oxygen species in regulating cytochrome P450-4A enzyme expression in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Microcirculation 2018; 23:540-548. [PMID: 27537772 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The potential contribution of CYP4A enzymes to endothelial dysfunction in Dahl salt-sensitive rats was determined by comparison to SS-5BN consomic rats having chromosome 5 carrying CYP4A alleles from the BN rat introgressed into the SS genetic background. METHODS The following experiments were performed in cerebral arteries from HS-fed SS and SS-5BN rats ± the SOD inhibitor DETC and/or the superoxide scavenger Tempol: (i) endothelial function was determined via video microscopy ± acute addition of the CYP4A inhibitor DDMS or Tempol; (ii) vascular oxidative stress was assessed with DHE fluorescence ± acute addition of DDMS, l-NAME, or PEG-SOD; and (iii) CYP4A protein levels were compared by western blotting. RESULTS In DETC-treated SS-5BN and HS-fed SS rats, (i) DDMS or Tempol ameliorated vascular dysfunction, (ii) DDMS reduced vascular oxidative stress to control levels, (iii) chronic Tempol treatment reduced vascular CYP4A protein expression, and (iv) combined treatment with Tempol and l-NAME prevented the reduction in CYP4A protein expression in MCA of HS-fed SS rats. CONCLUSION The CYP4A pathway plays a role in vascular dysfunction in SS rats and there appears to be a direct role of reduced NO availability due to salt-induced oxidant stress in upregulating CYP4A enzyme expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahesh P Paudyal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Julian H Lombard
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Liping S, Qiuming L, Jian F, Xiao L, Yongliang Z. Purification and Characterization of Peptides Inhibiting MMP-1 Activity with C Terminate of Gly-Leu from Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion Hydrolysates of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Skin Gelatin. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:593-601. [PMID: 29272917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia skin gelatin hydrolysates (TSGHs) were prepared by simulated gastrointestinal digestion and separated by gel filtration and semi-preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The anti-photoaging effects were evaluated using an ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)-induced mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) photoaging model in vitro. Three fractions from TSGHs with high inhibitory intercellular matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) activities and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were obtained. Three key peptides, GYTGL, LGATGL, and VLGL, were identified, and their C terminate was Gly-Leu. Three peptides were synthesized and exhibited a significant inhibition of intercellular MMP-1 activity and ROS production. Furthermore, three peptides inhibiting MMP-1 activities were evaluated through their docking of S1' and S3' active pockets of MMP-1. Hydrogen bonds and C terminate Gly-Leu played important roles. Finally, the protective effects of three peptides on intercellular collagen in UVB-induced MEFs were compared. Our results indicated that tilapia gelatin peptides exhibited potential activities to prevent and regulate photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Liping
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology , 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Qiuming
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology , 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Jian
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology , 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xiao
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology , 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Yongliang
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology , 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
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Qiu HY, Wang PF, Lin HY, Tang CY, Zhu HL, Yang YH. Naphthoquinones: A continuing source for discovery of therapeutic antineoplastic agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:681-690. [PMID: 29130595 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring naphthoquinones, usually in forms of botanical extracts, have been implicated with human life since ancient time, far earlier than their isolation and identification in modern era. The long use history of naphthoquinones has witnessed their functional shift from the original purposes as dyes and ornaments toward medicinal benefits. Hitherto, numerous studies have been carried out to elucidate the pharmacological profile of both natural and artificial naphthoquinones. A number of entities have been identified with promising therapeutic potential. Apart from the traditional effects of wound healing, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, antifertility, insecticidal and antimicrobial, etc., the anticancer potential of naphthoquinones either in combination with other treatment approaches or on their own is being more and more realized. The molecular mechanisms of naphthoquinones in cells mainly fall into two categories as inducing oxidant stress by ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation and directly interacting with traditional therapeutic targets in a non-oxidant mechanism. Based on this knowledge, optimized agents with naphthoquinones scaffold have been acquired and further tested. Hereby, we summarize the explored biological mechanisms of naphthoquinones in cells and review the application perspective of promising naphthoquinones in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yue Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Yi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Yu GM, Isobe N, Maeda T. Protective Effect of Melatonin on LPS-stimulated Granulosa Cells in Japanese Quail. J Poult Sci 2017; 54:319-325. [PMID: 32908443 PMCID: PMC7477264 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0170048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of melatonin to protect cultured granulosa cells from the harmful effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in quail. Granulosa cells isolated from Japanese quails were pretreated with or without melatonin (10 or 100 µg/mL) for 12 hand then incubated for 12 hin the absence or presence of 100 ng/mL LPS. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (dityrosine and nitrite) were determined by ELISA and the Griess reaction. Cell viability was quantified using an MTT assay. Additionally, the level of progesterone was measured by ELISA. We found that melatonin decreased LPS-induced expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. In addition, melatonin increased the dityrosine level, but suppressed the nitrite level. Finally, melatonin administration increased the viability of LPS-stimulated granulosa cells in vitro. However, progesterone basal secretion was not significantly changed. These results suggest that melatonin protects cultured granulosa cells from LPS-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress damage and provide evidence that melatonin might have therapeutic utility in ovarian follicle infection in Japanese quail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Min Yu
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Naoki Isobe
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Teruo Maeda
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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48
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Moheimani RS, Bhetraratana M, Peters KM, Yang BK, Yin F, Gornbein J, Araujo JA, Middlekauff HR. Sympathomimetic Effects of Acute E-Cigarette Use: Role of Nicotine and Non-Nicotine Constituents. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006579. [PMID: 28931527 PMCID: PMC5634299 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic electronic (e) cigarette users have increased resting cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. The purpose of the present study is to determine the role of nicotine versus non-nicotine constituents in e-cigarette emissions in causing these pathologies in otherwise healthy humans. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-three healthy volunteers who were not current e-cigarette or tobacco cigarette smokers were studied. On different days, each participant used an e-cigarette with nicotine, an e-cigarette without nicotine, or a sham control. Cardiac sympathetic nerve activity was determined by heart rate variability, and susceptibility to oxidative stress was determined by plasma paraoxonase activity. Following exposure to the e-cigarette with nicotine, but not to the e-cigarette without nicotine or the sham control, there was a significant and marked shift in cardiac sympathovagal balance towards sympathetic predominance. The decrease in high-frequency component and the increases in the low-frequency component and the low-frequency to high-frequency ratio were significantly greater following exposure to the e-cigarette with nicotine compared with exposure to the e-cigarette without nicotine or to sham control. Oxidative stress, as estimated by plasma paraoxonase, did not increase following any of the 3 exposures. CONCLUSIONS The acute sympathomimetic effect of e-cigarettes is attributable to the inhaled nicotine, not to non-nicotine constituents in e-cigarette aerosol, recapitulating the same heart rate variability pattern associated with increased cardiac risk in multiple populations with and without known cardiac disease. Evidence of oxidative stress, as estimated by plasma paraoxonase activity, was not uncovered following acute e-cigarette exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - May Bhetraratana
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kacey M Peters
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Benjamin K Yang
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Fen Yin
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jeffrey Gornbein
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jesus A Araujo
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Holly R Middlekauff
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Gewirtz H, Dilsizian V. Myocardial Viability: Survival Mechanisms and Molecular Imaging Targets in Acute and Chronic Ischemia. Circ Res 2017; 120:1197-1212. [PMID: 28360350 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.307898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial responses to acute ischemia/reperfusion and to chronic ischemic conditions have been studied extensively at all levels of organization. These include subcellular (eg, mitochondria in vitro); intact, large animal models (eg, swine with chronic coronary stenosis); as well as human subjects. Investigations in humans have used positron emission tomographic metabolic and myocardial blood flow measurements, assessment of gene expression and anatomic description of myocardium obtained at the time of coronary artery revascularization, ventricular assist device placement, or heart transplantation. A multitude of genetic, molecular, and metabolic pathways have been identified, which may promote either myocyte survival or death or, most interestingly, both. Many of these potential mediators in both acute ischemia/reperfusion and adaptations to chronic ischemic conditions involve the mitochondria, which play a central role in cellular energy production and homeostasis. The present review is focused on operative survival mechanisms and potential myocardial viability molecular imaging targets in acute and chronic ischemia, especially those which impact mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Gewirtz
- From the Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (H.G.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (V.D.)
| | - Vasken Dilsizian
- From the Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (H.G.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (V.D.).
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50
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Xu J, Rong S, Gao H, Chen C, Yang W, Deng Q, Huang Q, Xiao L, Huang F. A Combination of Flaxseed Oil and Astaxanthin Improves Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Reduces Oxidative Stress in High Fat-Diet Fed Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030271. [PMID: 28335388 PMCID: PMC5372934 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress are crucial pathophysiological mechanisms for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, we examined the effect of a combination of flaxseed oil (FO) and astaxanthin (ASX) on hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fat diet. ASX was dissolved in flaxseed oil (1 g/kg; FO + ASX). Animals were fed diets containing 20% fat, where the source was lard, or 75% lard and 25% FO + ASX, or 50% lard and 50% FO + ASX, or FO + ASX, for 10 weeks. Substitution of lard with FO + ASX reduced steatosis and reduced hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol. The combination of FO and ASX significantly decreased hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase but increased peroxisome proliferator activated receptor expression. FO + ASX significantly suppressed fatty acid synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase but induced carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 and acyl CoA oxidase expression. FO + ASX also significantly elevated hepatic SOD, CAT and GPx activity and GSH, and markedly reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation. Thus, FO and ASX may reduce NAFLD by reversing hepatic steatosis and reducing lipid accumulation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqu Xu
- Department of Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Shuang Rong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 2, Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, 2 Jiefang Road, Yichang 443000, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, 2 Jiefang Road, Yichang 443000, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Department of Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Qingde Huang
- Department of Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Lingyun Xiao
- Functional Oil Laboratory Associated by Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Infinite (China) Co., LTD., 66 Jianzhong Road, Guangzhou 510665, China.
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Department of Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
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