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Das AS, Gökçal E, Fouks AA, Horn MJ, Regenhardt RW, Viswanathan A, Singhal AB, Schwamm LH, Greenberg SM, Gurol ME. Left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial size are associated with ischemic strokes among non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant users. J Neurol 2023; 270:5578-5588. [PMID: 37548681 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic strokes (IS) occurring in patients taking non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are becoming increasingly more frequent. We aimed to determine the clinical, echocardiographic, and neuroimaging markers associated with developing IS in patients taking NOACs for atrial fibrillation. METHODS From a quaternary care center, clinical/radiologic data were collected from consecutive NOAC users with IS and age-matched controls without IS. Brain MRIs were reviewed for markers of cerebral small vessel disease. Variables with significant differences between groups were entered into a multivariable regression model to determine predictors of IS. Among IS patients, a Cox regression analysis was constructed to determine predictors of IS recurrence during follow-up. RESULTS 112 patients with IS and 94 controls were included in the study. Variables significantly different between groups included apixaban use, dabigatran use, prior cerebrovascular events, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial volume index, and severe white matter hyperintensities. After multivariable adjustment, prior cerebrovascular events (aOR 23.86, 95% CI [6.02-94.48]), HbA1c levels (aOR 2.36, 95% CI [1.39-3.99]), left ventricular hypertrophy (aOR 2.73, 95% CI [1.11-6.71]) and left atrial volume index (aOR 1.05, 95% CI [1.01-1.08]) increased the risk of stroke, whereas apixaban use appeared to decrease the risk (aOR 0.38, 95% CI [0.16-0.92]). Malignancy was associated with IS recurrence (aHR 4.90, 95% CI [1.35-18.42]) after adjustment for age and chronic renal failure. CONCLUSIONS Prior cerebrovascular events, diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, and increased left atrial size are risk factors for developing an IS among NOAC users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin S Das
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Lowry Medical Office Building, Suite 9A-05, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Elif Gökçal
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avia Abramovitz Fouks
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mitchell J Horn
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert W Regenhardt
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anand Viswanathan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aneesh B Singhal
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee H Schwamm
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Yale New Haven Health System, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Edip Gurol
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Yang C, Li J, Deng Z, Luo S, Liu J, Fang W, Liu F, Liu T, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Meng Z, Zhang S, Luo J, Liu C, Yang D, Liu L, Sukhova GK, Sadybekov A, Katritch V, Libby P, Wang J, Guo J, Shi GP. Eosinophils protect pressure overload- and β-adrenoreceptor agonist-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:195-212. [PMID: 35394031 PMCID: PMC10022866 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Blood eosinophil (EOS) counts and EOS cationic protein (ECP) levels associate positively with major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and prevalence. This study investigates the role of EOS in cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS A retrospective cross-section study of 644 consecutive inpatients with hypertension examined the association between blood EOS counts and cardiac hypertrophy. Pressure overload- and β-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy was produced in EOS-deficient ΔdblGATA mice. This study revealed positive correlations between blood EOS counts and left ventricular (LV) mass and mass index in humans. ΔdblGATA mice showed exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, with increased LV wall thickness, reduced LV internal diameter, and increased myocardial cell size, death, and fibrosis. Repopulation of EOS from wild-type (WT) mice, but not those from IL4-deficient mice ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunctions. In ΔdblGATA and WT mice, administration of ECP mEar1 improved cardiac hypertrophy and function. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that EOS expression of IL4, IL13, and mEar1 was essential to control mouse cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and death and cardiac fibroblast TGF-β signalling and fibrotic protein synthesis. The use of human cardiac cells yielded the same results. Human ECP, EOS-derived neurotoxin, human EOS, or murine recombinant mEar1 reduced human cardiomyocyte death and hypertrophy and human cardiac fibroblast TGF-β signalling. CONCLUSION Although blood EOS counts correlated positively with LV mass or LV mass index in humans, this study established a cardioprotective role for EOS IL4 and cationic proteins in cardiac hypertrophy and tested a therapeutic possibility of ECPs in this human CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenqian Fang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Zhaojie Meng
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jianfang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Center, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Conglin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Galina K Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anastasiia Sadybekov
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +1 617 525 4358, E-mail: (G.-P.S.); Tel: +86 10 6915 6477, E-mail: (J.W.); Tel: +86 1868983 5101, E-mail: (J.G.)
| | - Junli Guo
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +1 617 525 4358, E-mail: (G.-P.S.); Tel: +86 10 6915 6477, E-mail: (J.W.); Tel: +86 1868983 5101, E-mail: (J.G.)
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +1 617 525 4358, E-mail: (G.-P.S.); Tel: +86 10 6915 6477, E-mail: (J.W.); Tel: +86 1868983 5101, E-mail: (J.G.)
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3
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Kopaliani I, Jarzebska N, Billoff S, Kolouschek A, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Bornstein SR, Bode-Böger SM, Ragavan VN, Weiss N, Mangoni AA, Deussen A, Rodionov RN. Overexpression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 protects from angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and vascular remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H825-H838. [PMID: 34533401 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00064.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death, and elevated levels of asymmetric dimethyarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, are implicated in their pathophysiology. We investigated the role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1), an enzyme hydrolyzing ADMA, in prevention of cardiovascular remodeling during hypertension. We hypothesized that the animals overexpressing DDAH1 will be protected from angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced end organ damage. Angiotensin II (ANG II) was infused in two doses: 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg/day in DDAH1 transgenic mice (DDAH1 TG) and wild-type (WT) littermates for 2 or 4 wk. Echocardiography was performed in the first and fourth weeks of the infusion, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly, and cardiac hypertrophy and vascular remodeling was assessed by histology. Increase in SBP after 1 wk of ANG II infusion was not different between the groups, whereas TG mice had lower SBP at later time points. TG mice were protected from cardiovascular remodeling after 2 wk of ANG II infusion in the high dose and after 4 wk in the moderate dose. TG mice had higher left ventricular lumen-to-wall ratio, lower cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, and less interstitial fibrosis compared with WT controls. In aorta, TG mice had less adventitial fibrosis, lower medial thickness with preserved elastin content, lower counts of inflammatory cells, lower levels of active matrix metalloproteinase-2, and showed better endothelium-dependent relaxation. We demonstrated that overexpression of DDAH1 protects from ANG II-induced cardiovascular remodeling and progression of hypertension by preserving endothelial function and limiting inflammation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We showed that overexpression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) protects from angiotensin II-induced cardiovascular damage, progression of hypertension, and adverse vascular remodeling in vivo. This protective effect is associated with decreased levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, preservation of endothelial function, inhibition of cardiovascular inflammation, and lower activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Our findings are highly clinically relevant, because they suggest that upregulation of DDAH1 might be a promising therapeutic approach against angiotensin II-induced end organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irakli Kopaliani
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- University Center for Vascular Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Silke Billoff
- University Center for Vascular Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Kolouschek
- University Center for Vascular Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Stefan R Bornstein
- University Clinic and Polyclinic III, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Bode-Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vinitha N Ragavan
- University Center for Vascular Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Norbert Weiss
- University Center for Vascular Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- University Clinic and Polyclinic III, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andreas Deussen
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- University Center for Vascular Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- University Clinic and Polyclinic III, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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4
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Howe K, Ross JM, Loiselle DS, Han JC, Crossman DJ. Right-sided heart failure is also associated with transverse tubule remodeling in the left ventricle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H940-H947. [PMID: 34559582 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00298.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Right-sided heart failure is a common consequence of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Overloading the right ventricle results in right ventricular hypertrophy, which progresses to failure in a process characterized by impaired Ca2+ dynamics and force production that is linked with transverse (t)-tubule remodeling. This also unloads the left ventricle, which consequently atrophies. Experimental left-ventricular unloading can result in t-tubule remodeling, but it is currently unclear if this occurs in right-sided heart failure. In this work, we used a model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced right heart failure in male rats, using confocal microscopy to investigate cellular remodeling of t-tubules, junctophilin-2 (JPH2), and ryanodine receptor-2 (RyR2). We examined remodeling across tissue anatomical regions of both ventricles: in trabeculae, papillary muscles, and free walls. Our analyses revealed that MCT hearts demonstrated a significant loss of t-tubule periodicity, disruption of the normal sarcomere striated pattern with JPH2 labeling, and also a disorganized striated pattern of RyR2, a feature not previously reported in right heart failure. Remodeling of JPH2 and RyR2 in the MCT heart was more pronounced in papillary muscles and trabeculae compared with free walls, particularly in the left ventricle. We find that these structures, commonly used as ex vivo muscle preparations, are more sensitive to the disease process.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this work, we demonstrate that t-tubule remodeling occurs in the atrophied left ventricle as well as the overloaded right ventricle after right-side heart failure. Moreover, we identify that t-tubule remodeling in both ventricles is linked to sarcoplasmic reticulum remodeling as indicated by decreased labeling periodicity of both the Ca2+ release channel, RyR2, and the cardiac junction-forming protein, JPH2, that forms a link between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma. Studies developing treatments for right-sided heart failure should consider effects on both the right and left ventricle.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Signaling
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart Failure/chemically induced
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/physiopathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Monocrotaline
- Rats, Wistar
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/metabolism
- Sarcomeres/metabolism
- Sarcomeres/pathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Function, Right
- Ventricular Remodeling
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Howe
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline M Ross
- Biomedical Imaging Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Denis S Loiselle
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - June-Chiew Han
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David J Crossman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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5
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Badi R. Acylated Ghrelin Attenuates l-Thyroxin-induced Cardiac Damage in Rats by Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects and Downregulating Components of the Cardiac Renin-angiotensin System. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:422-436. [PMID: 34132689 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigated the protective effect of acylated ghrelin (AG) against l-thyroxin (l-Thy)-induced cardiac damage in rats and examined possible mechanisms. Male rats were divided into five intervention groups of 12 rats/group: control, control + AG, l-Thy, l-Thy + AG, and l-Thy + AG + [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (AG antagonist). l-Thy significantly reduced the levels of AG and des-acyl ghrelin and the AG to des-acyl ghrelin ratio. Administration of AG to l-Thy-treated rats reduced cardiac weights and levels of reactive oxygen species and preserved the function and structure of the left ventricle. In addition, AG also reduced the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c and prevented mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. In the left ventricle of both control + AG-treated and l-Thy + AG-treated rats, AG significantly increased left ventricular levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), total glutathione (GSH), and Bcl2. It also reduced the levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6, and Bax and the nuclear activity of nuclear factor-kappa B. Concomitantly, in both treated groups, AG reduced the mRNA and protein levels of NADPH oxidase 1, angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor, and Ang-converting enzyme 2. All the beneficial effects of AG in l-Thy-treated rats were prevented by the coadministration of [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, a selective growth hormone secretagogue receptor subtype 1a antagonist. In conclusion, AG protects against hyperthyroidism-induced cardiac hypertrophy and damage, which is mainly due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials and requires the activation of GHS-R1a.
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MESH Headings
- Acylation
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ghrelin/analogs & derivatives
- Ghrelin/metabolism
- Ghrelin/pharmacology
- Hyperthyroidism/chemically induced
- Hyperthyroidism/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Nitrogen Species/metabolism
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
- Thyroxine
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Badi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia ; and
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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6
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Zhang Y, Lin X, Chu Y, Chen X, Du H, Zhang H, Xu C, Xie H, Ruan Q, Lin J, Liu J, Zeng J, Ma K, Chai D. Dapagliflozin: a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrotic remodeling by regulating TGFβ1/Smad signaling. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:121. [PMID: 34116674 PMCID: PMC8196449 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac remodeling is one of the major risk factors for heart failure. In patients with type 2 diabetes, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of the first hospitalization for heart failure, possibly through glucose-independent mechanisms in part, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed to shed light on the efficacy of dapagliflozin in reducing cardiac remodeling and potential mechanisms. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, induced by chronic infusion of Angiotensin II (Ang II) at a dose of 520 ng/kg per minute for 4 weeks with ALZET® mini-osmotic pumps, were treated with either SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA) or vehicle alone. Echocardiography was performed to determine cardiac structure and function. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were treated with Ang II (1 μM) with or without the indicated concentration (0.5, 1, 10 μM) of DAPA. The protein levels of collagen and TGF-β1/Smad signaling were measured along with body weight, and blood biochemical indexes. RESULTS DAPA pretreatment resulted in the amelioration of left ventricular dysfunction in Ang II-infused SD rats without affecting blood glucose and blood pressure. Myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and increased collagen synthesis caused by Ang II infusion were significantly inhibited by DAPA pretreatment. In vitro, DAPA inhibit the Ang II-induced collagen production of CFs. Immunoblot with heart tissue homogenates from chronic Ang II-infused rats revealed that DAPA inhibited the activation of TGF-β1/Smads signaling. CONCLUSION DAPA ameliorates Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad signaling in a non-glucose-lowering dependent manner.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Antifibrotic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzhydryl Compounds/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Male
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Smad Proteins/metabolism
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Zhang
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Echocardiological Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Yong Chu
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Hypertension, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Heng Du
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Changsheng Xu
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Qinyun Ruan
- Echocardiological Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jinxiu Lin
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jinzhang Zeng
- School of Pharmacy College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Dajun Chai
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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7
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Pereyra KV, Schwarz KG, Andrade DC, Toledo C, Rios-Gallardo A, Díaz-Jara E, Bastías SS, Ortiz FC, Ortolani D, Del Rio R. Paraquat herbicide diminishes chemoreflex sensitivity, induces cardiac autonomic imbalance and impair cardiac function in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1498-H1509. [PMID: 33513085 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00710.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQT) herbicide is widely used in agricultural practices despite being highly toxic to humans. It has been proposed that PQT exposure may promote cardiorespiratory impairment. However, the physiological mechanisms involved in cardiorespiratory dysfunction following PQT exposure are poorly known. We aimed to determine the effects of PQT on ventilatory chemoreflex control, cardiac autonomic control, and cardiac function in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received two injections/week of PQT (5 mg·kg-1 ip) for 4 wk. Cardiac function was assessed through echocardiography and pressure-volume loops. Ventilatory function was evaluated using whole body plethysmography. Autonomic control was indirectly evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV). Cardiac electrophysiology (EKG) and exercise capacity were also measured. Four weeks of PQT administration markedly enlarged the heart as evidenced by increases in ventricular volumes and induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction. Indeed, end-diastolic pressure was significantly higher in PQT rats compared with control (2.42 ± 0.90 vs. 4.01 ± 0.92 mmHg, PQT vs. control, P < 0.05). In addition, PQT significantly reduced both the hypercapnic and hypoxic ventilatory chemoreflex response and induced irregular breathing. Also, PQT induced autonomic imbalance and reductions in the amplitude of EKG waves. Finally, PQT administration impaired exercise capacity in rats as evidenced by a ∼2-fold decrease in times-to-fatigue compared with control rats. Our results showed that 4 wk of PQT treatment induces cardiorespiratory dysfunction in rats and suggests that repetitive exposure to PQT may induce harmful mid/long-term cardiovascular, respiratory, and cardiac consequences.NEW & NOREWORTHY Paraquat herbicide is still employed in agricultural practices in several countries. Here, we showed for the first time that 1 mo paraquat administration results in cardiac adverse remodeling, blunts ventilatory chemoreflex drive, and promotes irregular breathing at rest in previously healthy rats. In addition, paraquat exposure induced cardiac autonomic imbalance and cardiac electrophysiology alterations. Lastly, cardiac diastolic dysfunction was overt in rats following 1 mo of paraquat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherin V Pereyra
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla G Schwarz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Angélica Rios-Gallardo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Díaz-Jara
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sussy S Bastías
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Fernando C Ortiz
- Mechanism of Myelin Formation and Repair Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Domiziana Ortolani
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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8
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Kabir R, Sinha P, Mishra S, Ebenebe OV, Taube N, Oeing CU, Keceli G, Chen R, Paolocci N, Rule A, Kohr MJ. Inorganic arsenic induces sex-dependent pathological hypertrophy in the heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1321-H1336. [PMID: 33481702 PMCID: PMC8260381 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00435.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure though drinking water is widespread and well associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, yet the pathophysiological mechanisms by which iAS induces these effects are largely unknown. Recently, an epidemiological study in an American population with a low burden of cardiovascular risk factors found that iAS exposure was associated with altered left ventricular geometry. Considering the possibility that iAS directly induces cardiac remodeling independently of hypertension, we investigated the impact of an environmentally relevant iAS exposure on the structure and function of male and female hearts. Adult male and female C56BL/6J mice were exposed to 615 μg/L iAS for 8 wk. Males exhibited increased systolic blood pressure via tail cuff photoplethysmography, left ventricular wall thickening via transthoracic echocardiography, and increased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide via enzyme immunoassay. RT-qPCR revealed increased myocardial RNA transcripts of Acta1, Myh7, and Nppa and decreased Myh6, providing evidence of pathological hypertrophy in the male heart. Similar changes were not detected in females, and nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms of cardioprotection in the heart appeared to remain intact. Further investigation found that Rcan1 was upregulated in male hearts and that iAS activated NFAT in HEK-293 cells via luciferase assay. Interestingly, iAS induced similar hypertrophic gene expression changes in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, which were blocked by calcineurin inhibition, suggesting that iAS may induce pathological cardiac hypertrophy in part by targeting the calcineurin-NFAT pathway. As such, these results highlight iAS exposure as an independent cardiovascular risk factor and provide biological impetus for its removal from human consumption.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This investigation provides the first mechanistic link between an environmentally relevant dose of inorganic arsenic (iAS) and pathological hypertrophy in the heart. By demonstrating that iAS exposure may cause pathological cardiac hypertrophy not only by increasing systolic blood pressure but also by potentially activating calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells and inducing fetal gene expression, these results provide novel mechanistic insight into the theat of iAS exposure to the heart, which is necessary to identify targets for medical and public health intervention.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arsenites/toxicity
- Calcineurin/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Isolated Heart Preparation
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Sex Factors
- Signal Transduction
- Sodium Compounds/toxicity
- Time Factors
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihan Kabir
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Prithvi Sinha
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sumita Mishra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Obialunanma V Ebenebe
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicole Taube
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chistian U Oeing
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gizem Keceli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ana Rule
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark J Kohr
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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9
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de Moura Magalhães BAB, Rodrigues LF, de Oliveira TF, Vassallo DV, Simões MR. Lead and mercury 28 day exposure at small concentrations reduces smooth muscle relaxation by decreasing cGMP. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 413:115405. [PMID: 33444613 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of mortality in the world. There is evidence of cardiovascular harm after exposure to low lead or mercury concentrations, but the effects of chronic exposure to the association of low doses of these toxic metals are still unknown. This work evaluated after 4 weeks, the association effects of low concentrations of lead and mercury on blood pressure and vascular resistance reactivity. Wistar rats were exposed for 28 days to lead acetate (1st dose of 4 μg/100 g and subsequent doses of 0.05 μg /100 g/day to cover daily losses) and mercury chloride (1st dose of 2.17 μg/kg and subsequent doses of 0.03 μg/kg/ day to cover daily losses) and the control group received saline, i.m. Results showed that treatment increased blood pressure and induced left ventricular hypertrophy. The mesenteric vascular reactivity to phenylephrine and the endothelium-dependent vasodilator response assessed by acetylcholine did not change. Additionally, reduced involvement of vasoconstrictor prostanoids derived from cyclooxygenase was observed in the PbHg group. By other regulatory routes, such as potassium channels, the vessel showed a greater participation of BKCa channels, and a reduction in the participation of Kv channels and SKCa channels. The endothelium-independent smooth muscle relaxation was significantly impaired by reducing cGMP, possibly through the hyperstimulation of Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5). Our results suggested that exposure to low doses of lead and mercury triggers this compensatory mechanism, in response to the augment of arterial pressure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arterial Pressure/drug effects
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Mercuric Chloride/toxicity
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/metabolism
- Mesenteric Arteries/physiopathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Organometallic Compounds/toxicity
- Rats, Wistar
- Second Messenger Systems
- Time Factors
- Vascular Resistance/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Firme Rodrigues
- School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitoria - EMESCAM, Vitória, ES CEP 29045-402, Brazil
| | | | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitoria - EMESCAM, Vitória, ES CEP 29045-402, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil.
| | - Maylla Ronacher Simões
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil
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10
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Sun TL, Li WQ, Tong XL, Liu XY, Zhou WH. Xanthohumol attenuates isoprenaline-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through regulating PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173690. [PMID: 33127362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the cardiovascular protective effects of Xanthohumol (Xn), a prenylated flavonoid isolated from the hops (Humulus lupulus L.). However, the cardioprotective effect of Xn remains unclear. Present study aimed to investigate the protective role of Xn against isoprenaline (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and elucidate the underlying mechanism. The cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis model were established via subcutaneously administration of ISO. ISO reduced the left ventricular contractile function and elevated myocardial enzyme levels, suggesting cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, the increased cardiac myocyte area, heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) ratio and ANP/BNP expressions indicated the ISO-induced hypertrophy, while the excessive collagen-deposition and up-regulation of fibrosis marker protein (α-SMA, Collagen-I/III) expression indicated the ISO-induced fibrosis. The ISO-induced cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy and fibrosis were significantly attenuated by oral administrated with Xn. PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway has been reported to involve in pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. We found that Xn administration up-regulated PTEN expression and inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR in ISO-treated mice. Moreover, treating with VO-ohpic, a specific PTEN inhibitor, abolished the cardioprotective effect of Xn. Collectively, these results suggested that Xn attenuated ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through regulating PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/enzymology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Isoproterenol
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Propiophenones/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/enzymology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Li Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China; Key Laboratory of Hu'nan Oriented Fundamental and Applied Research of Innovative Pharmaceutics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China.
| | - Wen-Qun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Tong
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xin-Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wen-Hu Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China; Key Laboratory of Hu'nan Oriented Fundamental and Applied Research of Innovative Pharmaceutics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China.
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11
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Cheng Y, Shen A, Wu X, Shen Z, Chen X, Li J, Liu L, Lin X, Wu M, Chen Y, Chu J, Peng J. Qingda granule attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis and modulates the PI3K/AKT pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111022. [PMID: 33378940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Qingda granule (QDG), simplified from Qingxuan Jiangya Decoction, is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been used for decades to treat hypertension. However, the cardioprotective effects of QDG on Ang II-induced hypertension remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of QDG on hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis, as well as explore its underlying mechanisms. Mice were infused with Ang II (500 ng/kg/min) or saline solution as control, then administered oral QDG (1.145 g/kg/day) or saline for two weeks. QDG treatment attenuated the elevation in blood pressure caused by Ang II, as well as the decreased left ventricle ejection fractions and fractional shortening. Moreover, QDG treatment significantly alleviated the Ang II-induced elevation of the ratio of heart weight to tibia length, as well as cardiac injury, hypertrophy, and apoptosis. In cultured H9C2 cells stimulated with Ang II, QDG partially reversed the increase in cell surface area and number of apoptotic cells, up-regulation of hypertrophy markers ANP and BNP, and activation of caspases-9 and -3. QDG also partially reversed Ang II-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, release of cytochrome C, up-regulation of Bax, and decrease in levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and Bcl-2. These results suggest that QDG can significantly attenuate Ang II-induced hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis, and it may exert these effects in part by suppressing ROS production and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/enzymology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertension/prevention & control
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/enzymology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Xiangyan Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Zhiqing Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Liya Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Meizhu Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Youqin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
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12
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Feldt-Rasmussen U, Hughes D, Sunder-Plassmann G, Shankar S, Nedd K, Olivotto I, Ortiz D, Ohashi T, Hamazaki T, Skuban N, Yu J, Barth JA, Nicholls K. Long-term efficacy and safety of migalastat treatment in Fabry disease: 30-month results from the open-label extension of the randomized, phase 3 ATTRACT study. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:219-228. [PMID: 33012654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Results from the 18-month randomized treatment period of the phase 3 ATTRACT study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of oral migalastat compared with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in patients with Fabry disease who previously received ERT. Here, we report data from the subsequent 12-month, migalastat-only, open-label extension (OLE) period. ATTRACT (Study AT1001-012; NCT01218659) was a randomized, open-label, active-controlled study in patients aged 16-74 years with Fabry disease, an amenable GLA variant, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2. During the OLE, patients who received migalastat 150 mg every other day (QOD) during the randomized period continued receiving migalastat (Group 1 [MM]); patients who received ERT every other week discontinued ERT and started migalastat treatment (Group 2 [EM]). Outcome measures included eGFR, left ventricular mass index (LVMi), composite clinical outcome (renal, cardiac or cerebrovascular events), and safety. Forty-six patients who completed the randomized treatment period continued into the OLE (Group 1 [MM], n = 31; Group 2 [EM], n = 15). eGFR remained stable in both treatment groups. LVMi decreased from baseline at month 30 in Group 1 (MM) in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy at baseline. Only 10% of patients experienced a new composite clinical event with migalastat treatment during the OLE. No new safety concerns were reported. In conclusion, in patients with Fabry disease and amenable GLA variants, migalastat 150 mg QOD was well tolerated and demonstrated durable, long-term stability of renal function and reduction in LVMi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
- Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Derralynn Hughes
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust and University College London, London, UK
| | - Gere Sunder-Plassmann
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Suma Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Khan Nedd
- Infusion Associates, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Damara Ortiz
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Takashi Hamazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nina Skuban
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, USA
| | - Julie Yu
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, USA
| | - Jay A Barth
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, USA
| | - Kathleen Nicholls
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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13
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Chen H, Wu M, Jiang W, Liu X, Zhang J, Yu C. iTRAQ‑based quantitative proteomics analysis of the potential application of secretoneurin gene therapy for cardiac hypertrophy induced by DL‑isoproterenol hydrochloride in mice. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:793-804. [PMID: 31985029 PMCID: PMC7015125 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous study by our group demonstrated a protective role of the neuropeptide secretoneurin (SN) in DL‑isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO)‑induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. To further characterize the molecular mechanism of SN treatment, an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)‑based quantitative proteomic analysis was applied to identify putative target proteins and molecular pathways. An SN expression vector was injected into the myocardial tissues of mice, and the animals were then subcutaneously injected with ISO (5 mg/kg/day) for 7 days to induce cardiac hypertrophy. The results of echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements indicated that the function of the heart impaired by ISO treatment was significantly ameliorated via SN gene injection. The investigation of heart proteomics was performed by iTRAQ‑based liquid chromatography‑tandem mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 2,044 quantified proteins and 15 differentially expressed proteins were associated with SN overexpression in mice with cardiac hypertrophy. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that these effects were possibly associated with metabolic processes. A protein‑protein interaction network analysis was constructed and the data indicated that apolipoprotein C‑III (Apoc3) was associated with the positive effect of SN on the induction of cardiac hypertrophy in mice. The present study proposed a potential mechanism of SN action on Apoc3 upregulation that may contribute to the amelioration of cardiac hypertrophy. These findings can aid the clinical application of SN in patients with cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mingjun Wu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016
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14
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Meléndez GC, Vasu S, Lesnefsky EJ, Kaplan JR, Appt S, D'Agostino RB, Hundley WG, Jordan JH. Myocardial Extracellular and Cardiomyocyte Volume Expand After Doxorubicin Treatment Similar to Adjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 13:1084-1085. [PMID: 31864989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/toxicity
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Cardiotoxicity
- Cell Size
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Doxorubicin/toxicity
- Female
- Fibrosis
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnostic imaging
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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15
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Cimini M, Garikipati VNS, de Lucia C, Cheng Z, Wang C, Truongcao MM, Lucchese AM, Roy R, Benedict C, Goukassian DA, Koch WJ, Kishore R. Podoplanin neutralization improves cardiac remodeling and function after acute myocardial infarction. JCI Insight 2019; 5:126967. [PMID: 31287805 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin, a small mucine-type transmembrane glycoprotein, has been recently shown to be expressed by lymphangiogenic, fibrogenic and mesenchymal progenitor cells in the acutely and chronically infarcted myocardium. Podoplanin binds to CLEC-2, a C-type lectin-like receptor 2 highly expressed by CD11bhigh cells following inflammatory stimuli. Why podoplanin expression appears only after organ injury is currently unknown. Here, we characterize the role of podoplanin in different stages of myocardial repair after infarction and propose a podoplanin-mediated mechanism in the resolution of post-MI inflammatory response and cardiac repair. Neutralization of podoplanin led to significant improvements in the left ventricular functions and scar composition in animals treated with podoplanin neutralizing antibody. The inhibition of the interaction between podoplanin and CLEC-2 expressing immune cells in the heart enhances the cardiac performance, regeneration and angiogenesis post MI. Our data indicates that modulating the interaction between podoplanin positive cells with the immune cells after myocardial infarction positively affects immune cell recruitment and may represent a novel therapeutic target to augment post-MI cardiac repair, regeneration and function.
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16
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Abstract
Heart failure-associated morbidity and mortality is largely attributable to extensive and unregulated cardiac remodelling. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces are enriched with natural polyphenols known for antioxidant and anti-hypertensive effects, yet its effects on early cardiac remodelling in post myocardial infarction (MI) setting are still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the actions of roselle extract on cardiac remodelling in rat model of MI. Male Wistar rats (200-300 g) were randomly allotted into three groups: Control, MI, and MI + Roselle. MI was induced with isoprenaline (ISO) (85 mg/kg, s.c) for two consecutive days followed by roselle treatment (100 mg/kg, orally) for 7 days. Isoprenaline administration showed changes in heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) ratio. MI was especially evident by the elevated cardiac injury marker, troponin-T, and histological observation. Upregulation of plasma levels and cardiac gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 was seen in MI rats. A relatively high percentage of fibrosis was observed in rat heart tissues with over-expression of collagen (Col)-1 and Col-3 genes following isoprenaline-induced MI. On top of that, cardiomyocyte areas were larger in heart tissues of MI rats with upregulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) gene expression, indicating cardiac hypertrophy. Interestingly, roselle supplementation attenuated elevation of plasma troponin-T, IL-6, IL10, and gene expression level of IL-10. Furthermore, reduction of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy were observed. In conclusion, roselle treatment was able to limit early cardiac remodelling in MI rat model by alleviating inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy; hence, the potential application of roselle in early adjunctive treatment to prevent heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Agents/isolation & purification
- Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type III/genetics
- Collagen Type III/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Heart Ventricles/drug effects
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Hibiscus/chemistry
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Interleukin-10/blood
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-6/blood
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Isoproterenol
- Male
- Myocardial Infarction/chemically induced
- Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/genetics
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Troponin T/blood
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafreena Shaukat Ali
- Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic Sciences & Applied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Azaharah Mohamed
- Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic Sciences & Applied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hafiqah Rozalei
- Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic Sciences & Applied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yap Wei Boon
- Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic Sciences & Applied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic Sciences & Applied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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17
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Yu B, Liu D, Zhang H, Xie D, Nie W, Shi K, Yang P. Anti-hypertrophy effect of atorvastatin on myocardium depends on AMPK activation-induced miR-143-3p suppression via Foxo1. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1390-1395. [PMID: 30119211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a pathological characteristic shared by distinct heart disorders. Atorvastatin is employed as a lipid lowering agent and its heart protection effect has been recently reported as well. Thus, the current study attempted to validate the anti-hypertrophy effect of atorvastatin as well as the associated mechanism. Hypertrophic feature was induced in rats using transverse aortic constriction (TAC) method and in cardiomyocytes using angiotensin II (Ang II). Then the animals and cells were treated with atorvastatin and the effect on cardiac weight and structure as well as cell viability, surface area, and apoptosis was assessed. The mechanism associated with the anti-hypertrophy effect of atorvastatin was further explored by focusing on the AMPK/Foxo1/miR-143-3p axis. The results showed that the administration of atorvastatin significantly suppressed TAC-induced heart weight increase and attenuated cardiac structure deteriorations in rats. In in vitro assays, atorvastatin increased cell viability, and reduced cell surface area and apoptosis in Ang II-treated H9c2 cells. At molecular level, atorvastatin activated AMPK, which further promoted Foxo1 activation and suppressed miR-143-3p level. The key role of AMPK during atorvastatin treatment was further validated by subjecting Ang II-treated H9c2 cells to co-incubation of atorvastatin and Compound C, which blocked the pro-survival and anti-hypertrophy effect of atorvastatin on H9c2 cells. The findings outlined in the current study confirmed the anti-hypertrophy effect of atorvastatin and provided a preliminary explanation on the mechanism associated with the treatment: the protective effect of atorvastatin on myocardium against hypertrophy depended on miR-143-3p inhibition via AMPK and Foxo1 activation.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Angiotensin II/toxicity
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Atorvastatin/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/enzymology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongna Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.
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18
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La Merrill MA, Lind PM, Salihovic S, van Bavel B, Lind L. The association between p,p'-DDE levels and left ventricular mass is mainly mediated by obesity. Environ Res 2018; 160:541-546. [PMID: 29106953 PMCID: PMC6377158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The pesticide metabolite p,p'-DDE has been associated with left ventricular (LV) mass and known risk factors for LV hypertrophy in humans and in experimental models. We hypothesized that the associations of p,p'-DDE with LV hypertrophy risk factors, namely elevated glucose, adiposity and hypertension, mediate the association of p,p'-DDE with LV mass. METHODS p,p'-DDE was measured in plasma from 70-year-old subjects (n = 988) of the Prospective Study of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS). When these subjects were 70-, 75- and 80- years old, LV characteristics were measured by echocardiography, while fasting glucose, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure were assessed with standard clinical techniques. RESULTS We found that p,p'-DDE levels were associated with increased fasting glucose, BMI, hypertension and LV mass in separate models adjusted for sex. Structural equation modeling revealed that the association between p,p'-DDE and LV mass was almost entirely mediated by BMI (70%), and also by hypertension (19%). CONCLUSION The obesogenic effect of p,p'-DDE is a major determinant responsible for the association of p,p'-DDE with LV mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - P M Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - S Salihovic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, and Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
| | - B van Bavel
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, and Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
| | - L Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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19
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Meléndez GC, Jordan JH, D’Agostino RB, Vasu S, Hamilton CA, Hundley WG. Progressive 3-Month Increase in LV Myocardial ECV After Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:708-709. [PMID: 27544895 PMCID: PMC7890530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giselle C. Meléndez
- Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jennifer H. Jordan
- Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Sujethra Vasu
- Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Craig A. Hamilton
- Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - W. Gregory Hundley
- Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Radiological Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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20
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Zhou R, Ma P, Xiong A, Xu Y, Wang Y, Xu Q. Protective effects of low-dose rosuvastatin on isoproterenol-induced chronic heart failure in rats by regulation of DDAH-ADMA-NO pathway. Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 35. [PMID: 27957828 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death with high morbidity and mortality, and chronic heart failure is the terminal phase of it. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of the low-dose rosuvastatin on isoproterenol-induced chronic heart failure and to explore the possible related mechanisms. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were given isoproterenol 5 mg/kg once a day for 7 days to establish heart failure model by subcutaneous injection. Simultaneously, low-dose rosuvastatin (5 mg/kg) was orally administrated from day 1 to day 14. Protective effects were evaluated by hemodynamic parameter, histopathological variables, serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and myocardial nitric oxide (NO), and the levels of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2), arginine methyltransferases 1 (PRMT1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression were analyzed. RESULTS Therapeutic rosuvastatin (5 mg/kg) significantly attenuated isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy, remodeling and dysfunction of ventricle, reduced the increased serum content of ADMA, cTnI, and BNP, and elevated myocardial NO in rats (P<.05). Besides, rosuvastatin also significantly inhibited fibrosis of myocardium, normalized the increased PRMT1 and decreased DDAH2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose rosuvastatin exerted cardioprotective effects on isoproterenol-induced heart failure in rats by modulating DDAH-ADMA-NO pathway, and it may present the new therapeutic value in ameliorating chronic heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Amidohydrolases/metabolism
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Heart Failure/chemically induced
- Heart Failure/enzymology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Heart Failure/prevention & control
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/enzymology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Isoproterenol
- Male
- Myocardium/enzymology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rosuvastatin Calcium/pharmacology
- Troponin I/blood
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/enzymology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Pressure/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Aiqin Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yehua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qingbin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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21
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Ahmad A, Sattar M, Khan SA, Abdullah NA, Johns EJ, Afzal S. INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DOWN REGULATION OF ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (ENOS) IN THE KIDNEY ATTEN- UATE THE RESPONSIVENESS OF (XlB ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS IN THE KIDNEY OF RATS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY. Acta Pol Pharm 2017; 74:413-423. [PMID: 29624247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Present study explored endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (eNOS/NO) pathway in the kidney and role of αIB adrenergic receptor in the regulation of renal vasculature in the rats with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). LVH was induced by administering isoprenaline 5 mg/kg (s.c. 72 h. apart) and caffeine (62 mg/L in drinking water) for 14 days. Quantification of molecular expression of eNOS in kidney was performed by quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Renal vasoconstrictor responses were measured by administering noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE) and methoxamine (ME) in pre-drug phase, low dose and high dose phases of chloroethylelonidine (CEC), a selective of (αIB adrenergic receptor antagonist. In the kidney of LVH male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats eNOS was significantly down regulated (p < 0.05) by 74% relative to Control WKY (taken as 100%). The high dose 5 CEC attenuated the vasoconstrictor responses to NA by 41%, PE by 43% and ME by 33% in the LVH-WKY when compared to the same dose phase in Control WKY group. In LVH, increased oxidative stress in kidney and increased ACE activity in the plasma resulted in down regulation of eNOS/NO in the kidney. The renal vasoconstrictor responses to adrenergic agonist are blunted in LVH and (αIB adrenergic receptor is functional subtype in renal vasculature in LVH.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Caffeine
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/enzymology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Isoproterenol
- Kidney/blood supply
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/enzymology
- Male
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/blood
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Renal Artery/drug effects
- Renal Artery/enzymology
- Renal Artery/physiopathology
- Signal Transduction
- Vasoconstriction
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22
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Armenian SH, Hudson MM, Chen MH, Colan SD, Lindenfeld L, Mills G, Siyahian A, Gelehrter S, Dang H, Hein W, Green DM, Robison LL, Wong FL, Douglas PS, Bhatia S. Rationale and design of the Children's Oncology Group (COG) study ALTE1621: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine if low-dose carvedilol can prevent anthracycline-related left ventricular remodeling in childhood cancer survivors at high risk for developing heart failure. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:187. [PMID: 27716152 PMCID: PMC5050602 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthracyclines are widely used in the treatment of childhood cancer. One of the well-recognized side-effects of anthracycline therapy is dose-dependent cardiomyopathy that may progress to heart failure (HF) years after completion of cancer-directed therapy. This study will evaluate the efficacy of low-dose beta-blocker (carvedilol) for HF risk reduction in childhood cancer survivors at highest risk for HF. The proposed intervention has the potential to significantly reduce chronic cardiac injury via interruption of neurohormonal systems responsible for left ventricular (LV) remodeling, resulting in improved cardiac function and decreased risk of HF. The intervention is informed by previous studies demonstrating efficacy in pediatric and adult non-oncology populations, yet remains unstudied in the pediatric oncology population. METHODS/DESIGN The primary objective of the trial is to determine impact of the intervention on echocardiographic markers of cardiac remodeling and HF risk, including: LV wall thickness/ dimension ratio (LVWT/D; primary endpoint), as well as LV ejection fraction, volume, and blood biomarkers (natriuretic peptides, galectin-3) associated with HF risk. Secondary objectives are to establish safety and tolerability of the 2-year course of carvedilol using: 1) objective measures: hepatic and cardiovascular toxicity, treatment adherence, and 2) subjective measures: participant self-reported outcomes. Two hundred and fifty survivors of childhood cancer (diagnosed <21 years of age), and previously treated with high-dose (≥300 mg/m2) anthracyclines will be enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. After baseline assessments, participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to low-dose carvedilol (maximum dose: 12.5 mg/day) or placebo. Carvedilol or placebo is up-titrated (starting dose: 3.125 mg/day) according to tolerability. DISCUSSION When completed, this study will provide much-needed information regarding a physiologically plausible pharmacological risk-reduction strategy for childhood cancer survivors at high risk for developing anthracycline-related HF. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02717507.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects
- Age Factors
- Anthracyclines/adverse effects
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/adverse effects
- Carbazoles/administration & dosage
- Carbazoles/adverse effects
- Cardiotoxicity
- Carvedilol
- Clinical Protocols
- Double-Blind Method
- Female
- Heart Failure/chemically induced
- Heart Failure/diagnosis
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Heart Failure/prevention & control
- Humans
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnosis
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Male
- Propanolamines/administration & dosage
- Propanolamines/adverse effects
- Research Design
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Saro H. Armenian
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, 1500, East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000 USA
| | - Melissa M. Hudson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Ming Hui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Steven D. Colan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Lanie Lindenfeld
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, 1500, East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000 USA
| | - George Mills
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, 1500, East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000 USA
| | - Aida Siyahian
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, 1500, East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000 USA
| | - Sarah Gelehrter
- Pediatric Cardiology, C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Ha Dang
- Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA USA
| | - Wendy Hein
- Survive & Thrive Long-term Follow-up Program, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, USA
| | - Daniel M. Green
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Leslie L. Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - F. Lennie Wong
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, 1500, East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000 USA
| | | | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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Joshi H, Vaishnav D, Sanghvi G, Rabadia S, Airao V, Sharma T, Parmar S, Sheth N. Ficus recemosa bark extract attenuates diabetic complications and oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:1586-1595. [PMID: 26864816 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1110596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Ficus recemosa Linn. (Moraceae) has been reported as a natural folk medicine with diverse pathological activities such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, renoprotective and cardioprotective. Objective The present study evaluates the preventive effect of standardised ethanol extract of F. racemosa stem bark (EEFSB) on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Materials and methods Animals were rendered diabetic by one time administration of STZ (45 mg kg(-1), i.v.) and, after 7 d, diabetic rats were randomised into four groups of eight rats each. EEFSB (200 and 400 mg kg(-1)) was administered to diabetic rats once daily for 8 weeks. Furthermore, the presence of phytochemicals was evaluated by HPTLC. Results Treatment with EEFSB markedly restores the blood glucose and lipid level (p < 0.001), also reduced creatinine kinase (p < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001), creatinine (p < 0.001), blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.001), collagen (p < 0.05) and albumin (p < 0.001) levels. Reduced level of sodium (p < 0.001), creatinine (p < 0.001), albumin (p < 0.001) and malondialdehyde (p < 0.01) in heart and kidney tissue along with enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (p < 0.001) and reduced glutathione (p < 0.001). Moreover, left ventricular hypertrophic index and cardiac hypertrophic index were markedly reduced by EEFSB treatment. Conclusion The findings of this study provided strong scientific evidence for the traditional use of F. racemosa and postulate protective effects against diabetes and its complications such as DC and DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral Joshi
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Saurashtra University , Rajkot , Gujarat , India
| | - Devendra Vaishnav
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Saurashtra University , Rajkot , Gujarat , India
| | - Gaurav Sanghvi
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Saurashtra University , Rajkot , Gujarat , India
| | - Samir Rabadia
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Saurashtra University , Rajkot , Gujarat , India
| | - Vishal Airao
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Saurashtra University , Rajkot , Gujarat , India
| | - Tejas Sharma
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Saurashtra University , Rajkot , Gujarat , India
| | - Sachin Parmar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Saurashtra University , Rajkot , Gujarat , India
| | - Navin Sheth
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Saurashtra University , Rajkot , Gujarat , India
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24
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Wang JJC, Rau C, Avetisyan R, Ren S, Romay MC, Stolin G, Gong KW, Wang Y, Lusis AJ. Genetic Dissection of Cardiac Remodeling in an Isoproterenol-Induced Heart Failure Mouse Model. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006038. [PMID: 27385019 PMCID: PMC4934852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to understand the genetic control of cardiac remodeling using an isoproterenol-induced heart failure model in mice, which allowed control of confounding factors in an experimental setting. We characterized the changes in cardiac structure and function in response to chronic isoproterenol infusion using echocardiography in a panel of 104 inbred mouse strains. We showed that cardiac structure and function, whether under normal or stress conditions, has a strong genetic component, with heritability estimates of left ventricular mass between 61% and 81%. Association analyses of cardiac remodeling traits, corrected for population structure, body size and heart rate, revealed 17 genome-wide significant loci, including several loci containing previously implicated genes. Cardiac tissue gene expression profiling, expression quantitative trait loci, expression-phenotype correlation, and coding sequence variation analyses were performed to prioritize candidate genes and to generate hypotheses for downstream mechanistic studies. Using this approach, we have validated a novel gene, Myh14, as a negative regulator of ISO-induced left ventricular mass hypertrophy in an in vivo mouse model and demonstrated the up-regulation of immediate early gene Myc, fetal gene Nppb, and fibrosis gene Lgals3 in ISO-treated Myh14 deficient hearts compared to controls. Heart failure is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the aging population. Previous large-scale human genome-wide association studies have yielded only a handful of genetic loci contributing to heart failure-related traits. Using a panel of diverse inbred mouse strains, treated with a β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol to mimic the heart failure state, we sought to uncover the contribution of common genetic variation in heart failure. We found that heart failure has a strong genetic component. We successfully identified 17 genome-wide significant loci associated with indices of heart failure. We showed that genetic variation in a novel gene Myh14 affects heart failure by altering the mechanical responses of heart muscles to isoproterenol-induced stress. Follow-up studies of this gene and additional candidate genes and loci should reveal potential mechanisms by which genetic variations contribute to heart failure in the general human population. Such insights may lead to improved diagnosis and tailor treatment based on the genetic makeup of individuals in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jen-Chu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJCW); (AJL)
| | - Christoph Rau
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rozeta Avetisyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shuxun Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Milagros C. Romay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Stolin
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ke Wei Gong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yibin Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJCW); (AJL)
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25
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Abstract
Cytochrome c release from the intermembrane space of mitochondria is one of the triggers of apoptosis. There is no histochemical method available to demonstrate cytochrome c in cryostat sections, possibly because small cytosolic proteins diffuse readily into aqueous fixation media. This report shows that it is possible to demonstrate cytochrome c release in cardiomyocytes in failing myocardium using vapor fixation of cryostat sections and immunohistochemistry. The method is calibrated using sections from gelatin blocks containing known concentrations of cytochrome c. The method is applied to the hypertrophied right ventricular wall of rats in which pulmonary hypertension was induced by monocrotaline. Cytochrome c release is found in a fraction of the cardiomyocytes, leading to a mosaic-staining pattern. Cytochrome c release was found in myocytes over the full range of cross-sectional area (from 1 to 3.9 times control) in the hypertrophied myocardium. Cytosolic cytochrome c concentrations up to 0.4–0.5 mM occur frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brechje J van Beek-Harmsen
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Ahmad A, Sattar MA, Rathore HA, Abdulla MH, Khan SA, Azam M, Abdullah NA, Johns EJ. Up Regulation of cystathione γ lyase and Hydrogen Sulphide in the Myocardium Inhibits the Progression of Isoproterenol-Caffeine Induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Wistar Kyoto Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150137. [PMID: 26963622 PMCID: PMC4786159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is an emerging molecule in many cardiovascular complications but its role in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is unknown. The present study explored the effect of exogenous H2S administration in the regression of LVH by modulating oxidative stress, arterial stiffness and expression of cystathione γ lyase (CSE) in the myocardium. Animals were divided into four groups: Control, LVH, Control-H2S and LVH-H2S. LVH was induced by administering isoprenaline (5mg/kg, every 72 hours, S/C) and caffeine in drinking water (62mg/L) for 2 weeks. Intraperitoneal NaHS, 56μM/kg/day for 5 weeks, was given as an H2S donor. Myocardial expression of Cystathione γ lyase (CSE) mRNA was quantified using real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).There was a 3 fold reduction in the expression of myocardial CSE mRNA in LVH but it was up regulated by 7 and 4 fold in the Control-H2S and LVH-H2S myocardium, respectively. Systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse wave velocity were reduced (all P<0.05) in LVH-H2S when compared to the LVH group. Heart, LV weight, myocardial thickness were reduced while LV internal diameter was increased (all P<0.05) in the LVH-H2S when compared to the LVH group. Exogenous administration of H2S in LVH increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione and total antioxidant capacity but significantly reduced (all P<0.05) plasma malanodialdehyde in the LVH-H2S compared to the LVH group. The renal cortical blood perfusion increased by 40% in LVH-H2S as compared to the LVH group. Exogenous administration of H2S suppressed the progression of LVH which was associated with an up regulation of myocardial CSE mRNA/ H2S and a reduction in pulse wave velocity with a blunting of systemic hemodynamic. This CSE/H2S pathway exhibits an antihypertrophic role by antagonizing the hypertrophic actions of angiotensin II(Ang II) and noradrenaline (NA) but attenuates oxidative stress and improves pulse wave velocity which helps to suppress LVH. Exogenous administration of H2S augmented the reduced renal cortical blood perfusion in the LVH state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UniversitiSains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Munavvar A. Sattar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UniversitiSains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hassaan A. Rathore
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UniversitiSains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Safia A. Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UniversitiSains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Maleeha Azam
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nor A. Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Edward J. Johns
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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27
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Ahmad A, Sattar MZA, Rathore HA, Khan SA, Lazhari MA, Hashmi F, Abdullah NA, Johns EJ. IMPACT OF ISOPRENALINE AND CAFFEINE ON DEVELOPMENT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY AND RENAL HEMODYNAMIC IN WISTAR KYOTO RATS. Acta Pol Pharm 2015; 72:1015-1026. [PMID: 26665409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a compensatory mechanism in response to an increased work load on the heart. This study investigated the impact of chronic isoprenaline and caffeine (I/C model) administration on cardiac geometry, systemic hemodynamic and physiological data in rats as LVH develops. LVH was induced by administering isoprenaline (5 mg/kg s.c. every 72 h) and caffeine (62 mg/L) in drinking water for 14 days to Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart weight, LV weight, LV chamber diameter and thickness of myocardium were observed as LVH indicators. MAP was significantly higher (142 ± 13 vs. 119 ± 2 mmHg, respectively) while heart rate (HR) in LVH was lower (314 ± 9 vs. 264 ± 18 BPM) compared to control WKY. Heart weight, LV weight and kidney weight were 31%, 38% and 7%, respectively, greater in the LVH group as compared to the control WKY (all p < 0.05).The myocardium thickness was 101% greater while LV chamber diameter was 44% smaller in the LVH group as compared to the control WKY (p < 0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels were significantly reduced while malonodialdehyde (MDA) level increased in LVH as compared to control WKY (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, isoprenaline and caffeine (I/C) induces LVH and cardiac hypertrophy with increases in blood pressure, fluid excretion and reduced renal hemodynamics. Prooxidant mechanism of the body and arterial stiffness are dominant in this disease model. This model of LVH is easily generated and associated with low mortality.
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28
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Liu Y, Tan D, Shi L, Liu X, Zhang Y, Tong C, Song D, Hou M. Blueberry Anthocyanins-Enriched Extracts Attenuate Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiac Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127813. [PMID: 26133371 PMCID: PMC4489910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to explore the effect of blueberry anthocyanins-enriched extracts (BAE) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced cardiac injury. The rats were divided randomly into five groups including normal control, CTX 100 mg/kg, BAE 80mg/kg, CTX+BAE 20mg/kg and CTX+BAE 80mg/kg groups. The rats in the three BAE-treated groups were administered BAE for four weeks. Seven days after BAE administration, rats in CTX group and two BAE-treated groups were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 100 mg/kg CTX. Cardiac injury was assessed using physiological parameters, Echo, morphological staining, real-time PCR and western blot. In addition, cardiotoxicity indices, inflammatory cytokines expression and oxidative stress markers were also detected. Four weeks 20mg/kg and 80mg/kg dose of BAE treatment following CTX exposure attenuated mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and activities of heart enzymes, improved cardiac dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. Importantly, BAE also attenuated CTX-induced LV leukocyte infiltration and inflammatory cytokines expression, ameliorated oxidative stress as well as cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, BAE attenuated the CTX-induced cardiac injury and the protective mechanisms were related closely to the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics of BAE.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anthocyanins/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Blueberry Plants/chemistry
- Cell Movement
- Cyclophosphamide
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Fibrosis
- Heart Injuries/chemically induced
- Heart Injuries/drug therapy
- Heart Injuries/enzymology
- Heart Injuries/pathology
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/drug therapy
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/enzymology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Leukocytes/drug effects
- Leukocytes/pathology
- Male
- Myocardium/enzymology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/diagnostic imaging
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Ultrasonography
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunen Liu
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Dehong Tan
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Yubiao Zhang
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Changci Tong
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Dequn Song
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingxiao Hou
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
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29
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Wang AW, Song L, Miao J, Wang HX, Tian C, Jiang X, Han QY, Yu L, Liu Y, Du J, Xia YL, Li HH. Baicalein attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling via inhibition of AKT/mTOR, ERK1/2, NF-κB, and calcineurin signaling pathways in mice. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:518-26. [PMID: 25362112 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baicalein, a specific lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the functional role of baicalein in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension and cardiac remodeling remains unclear. Here we investigated the effect of baicalein on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Wild-type (WT) mice were injected with Ang II (1,200ng/kg/min) alone or together with 12/15-LOX inhibitor baicalein (25mg/kg) for 14 days. Histological examinations were performed on heart sections with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, wheat germ agglutinin staining, and immunohistochemistry. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of cytokines and protein levels were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis respectively. RESULTS Ang II infusion significantly increased blood pressure but decreased cardiac contractile function reflected by fractional shortening% and ejection fraction% compared with saline-treated mice. Moreover, Ang II infusion resulted in marked cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, promoted accumulation of macrophages and T cells, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. However, these actions were markedly reversed by administration of baicalein in mice. Mechanistically, the protective effects of baicalein were associated with the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, and multiple signaling pathways (AKT/mTOR, ERK1/2, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and calcineurin) in the Ang II-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that baicalein can significantly ameliorate Ang II-induced hypertension and cardiac remodeling, and may be a novel therapeutic drug for prevention of hypertensive heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Wu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji-nan, China; #These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lina Song
- Department of Pathology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; #These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jie Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changqing University Science & Technology Park, Ji-nan, China
| | - Hong-Xia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Tian
- Department of Pathology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Han
- Department of Pathology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liqing Yu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Pathology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Long Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Center for Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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30
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Zhang Y, Liou WW, Gupta V. Modeling of high sodium intake effects on left ventricular hypertrophy. Comput Biol Med 2015; 58:31-9. [PMID: 25601615 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many clinical studies suggest that chronic high sodium intake contributes to the development of essential hypertension and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. In the present study, a system-level computer model has been developed to simulate the long-term effects of increased sodium intake on the LV mechanical functions and the body-fluid homeostasis. The new model couples a cardiovascular hemodynamics function model with an explicit account of the LV wall thickness variation and a long-term renal system model. The present model is validated with published results of clinical studies. The results suggest that, with increased sodium intake, the renal system function, the plasma hormone concentrations, and the blood pressure adapt to new levels of equilibrium. The LV work output and the relative wall thickness increase due to the increase of sodium intake. The results of the present model match well with the patient data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - William W Liou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Borgess Medical Center, Borgess Research Institute, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
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31
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Yang J, Wang HX, Zhang YJ, Yang YH, Lu ML, Zhang J, Li ST, Zhang SP, Li G. Astragaloside IV attenuates inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting TLR4/NF-кB signaling pathway in isoproterenol-induced myocardial hypertrophy. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 150:1062-1070. [PMID: 24432369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragaloside IV (As IV) is one of the main effective components isolated from the traditional Chinese medical herb Astragalus membranaceus. The protective effect of Astragalus membranaceus on myocardial hypertrophy has been extensively proved. To test the hypothesis that Astragaloside IV can ameliorate the myocardial hypertrophy and inflammatory effect induced by β-adrenergic hyperactivity, we carried out in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS In in vivo study, the isoproterenol (Iso) (5 mg kg(-1) d(-1)) was used as a model of myocardial hypertrophy by intraperitoneal injection. SD rats were randomly assigned to following six groups: A: the control; B: Iso group; C: Iso plus As IV 20 mg kg(-1) d(-1); D: Iso plus As IV 40 mg kg(-1) d(-1); E: Iso plus As IV 80 mg kg(-1) d(-1); F: Iso plus Propranolol 40 mg kg(-1) d(-1). In in vitro study, cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were pretreated with As IV (3, 10, 30 μ mol L(-1)), Propranolol (2 μ mol L(-1)) and BAY11-7082 (5 μ mol L(-1)) for 30 min, and then incubated with Iso (10 μ mol L(-1)) for 48 h. For the rats in each group, the heart mass index (HMI) and the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were measured. To measure the transverse diameter of left ventricular myocardial cells (TDM), the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method was applied. In addition, the volume and the total protein content of cardiomyocytes were measured, the mRNA expression of ANP and TLR4 were quantified by RT-PCR, the protein expression of TLR4, IκBα and p65 were quantified by Western blot, and the level of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In vivo: Comparing the Iso group to the control, the HMI, LVMI, TDM were significantly increased; the protein expression of TLR4 and p65 were increased, while the IκBα were decreased; the expression of ANP, TLR4 mRNA, and TNF-α, IL-6 in serum were significantly increased. These changes could be partly prevented by As IV and Pro. In vitro: the over-expression of the cell size, total protein content could remarkably down-regulated by As IV and Pro, and the results of RT-PCR, Western blot and ELISA were similar to those of in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The results of these studies indicate that Astragaloside IV has good protective effect on myocardial hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol. More specifically, the cardioprotection is related to inhibiting the TLR4/NF-кB signaling pathway and the attenuating inflammatory effect.
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32
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Whaley-Connell AT, Habibi J, Aroor A, Ma L, Hayden MR, Ferrario CM, Demarco VG, Sowers JR. Salt loading exacerbates diastolic dysfunction and cardiac remodeling in young female Ren2 rats. Metabolism 2013; 62:1761-71. [PMID: 24075738 PMCID: PMC3833978 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent data would suggest pre-menopausal insulin resistant women are more prone to diastolic dysfunction than men, yet it is unclear why. We and others have reported that transgenic (mRen2)27 (Ren2) rats overexpressing the murine renin transgene are insulin resistant due to oxidative stress in insulin sensitive tissues. As increased salt intake promotes inflammation and oxidative stress, we hypothesized that excess dietary salt would promote diastolic dysfunction in transgenic females under conditions of excess tissue Ang II and circulating aldosterone levels. MATERIALS/METHODS For this purpose we evaluated cardiac function in young female Ren2 rats or age-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD) littermates exposed to a high (4%) salt or normal rat chow intake for three weeks. RESULTS Compared to SD littermates, at 10weeks of age, female Ren2 rats fed normal chow showed elevations in left ventricular (LV) systolic pressures, LV and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and displayed reductions in LV initial filling rate accompanied by increases in 3-nitrotyrosine content as a marker of oxidant stress. Following 3weeks of a salt diet, female Ren2 rats exhibited no further changes in LV systolic pressure, insulin resistance, or markers of hypertrophy but exaggerated increases in type 1 collagen, 3-nitrotryosine content, and diastolic dysfunction. These findings occurred in parallel with ultrastructural findings of pericapillary fibrosis, increased LV remodeling, and mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSION These data suggest that a diet high in salt in hypertensive female Ren2 rats promotes greater oxidative stress, maladaptive LV remodeling, fibrosis, and associated diastolic dysfunction without further changes in LV systolic pressure or hypertrophy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Collagen/metabolism
- Female
- Fibrosis/pathology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/chemically induced
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/pathology
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Hemodynamics/physiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/physiology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats, Transgenic
- Sodium, Dietary/pharmacology
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- Ventricular Function, Left/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; University of Missouri School of Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Columbia, MO, USA; University of Missouri School of Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, MO, USA; University of Missouri School of Medicine, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, MO, USA.
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33
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Braunlin E, Rosenfeld H, Kampmann C, Johnson J, Beck M, Giugliani R, Guffon N, Ketteridge D, Sá Miranda CM, Scarpa M, Schwartz IV, Leão Teles E, Wraith JE, Barrios P, Dias da Silva E, Kurio G, Richardson M, Gildengorin G, Hopwood JJ, Imperiale M, Schatz A, Decker C, Harmatz P. Enzyme replacement therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis VI: long-term cardiac effects of galsulfase (Naglazyme®) therapy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2013; 36:385-94. [PMID: 22669363 PMCID: PMC3590402 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Characteristic cardiac valve abnormalities and left ventricular hypertrophy are present in untreated patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI). Cardiac ultrasound was performed to investigate these findings in subjects during long-term enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human arylsulfatase B (rhASB, rhN-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase, galsulfase, Naglazyme®). Studies were conducted in 54 subjects before ERT was begun and at specific intervals for up to 96 weeks of weekly infusions of rhASB at 1 mg/kg during phase 1/2, phase 2, and phase 3 trials of rhASB. At baseline, mitral and aortic valve obstruction was present and was significantly greater in those ≥12 years of age. Mild mitral and trace aortic regurgitation were present, the former being significantly greater in those <12 years. Left ventricular hypertrophy, with averaged z-scores ranging from 1.6-1.9 SD greater than normal, was present for ages both <12 and ≥12 years. After 96 weeks of ERT, ventricular septal hypertrophy regressed in those <12 years. For those ≥12 years, septal hypertrophy was unchanged, and aortic regurgitation increased statistically but not physiologically. Obstructive gradients across mitral and aortic valves remained unchanged. The results suggest that long-term ERT is effective in reducing intraventricular septal hypertrophy and preventing progression of cardiac valve abnormalities when administered to those <12 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Braunlin
- Pediatric Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - H. Rosenfeld
- Cardiology, Children’s Hospital & Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA USA
| | - C. Kampmann
- Department of Congenital Heart Diseases / Pediatric Cardiology / GUCH, University Medicine, Center for Diseases in Childhood and Adolescence, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Johnson
- Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital & Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA USA
| | - M. Beck
- Centre for Lysosomal Storage Diseases, University Children’s Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | - R. Giugliani
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
- INAGEMP – Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - N. Guffon
- Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Lyon, France
| | - D. Ketteridge
- Metabolic Unit, SA Pathology at Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - C. M. Sá Miranda
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Unidade de Biologia do Lisossoma e Peroxisoma, Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Scarpa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - I. V. Schwartz
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - E. Leão Teles
- Unidade de Doenças Metabólicas, Departmento de Pediatria, Hospital S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - J. E. Wraith
- Genetic Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
| | - P. Barrios
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - E. Dias da Silva
- Cardiologia Pediatrica, Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital de S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - G. Kurio
- Cardiology, Children’s Hospital & Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA USA
| | - M. Richardson
- Cardiology Department, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - G. Gildengorin
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Children’s Hospital & Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA USA
| | - J. J. Hopwood
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, SA Pathology at Women’s and Children’s Hospital Adelaide, North Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - A. Schatz
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, CA USA
| | - C. Decker
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, CA USA
| | - P. Harmatz
- Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital & Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA USA
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34
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Donato M, Gelpi RJ. Assessment of longitudinal myocardial stiffness is not enough to evaluate diastolic function: what is the relevance of the stiffness of cardiomyocytes in the transverse direction? Circ J 2013; 77:608-9. [PMID: 23370455 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Nygren A, Sunnegårdh J, Teien D, Jonzon A, Björkhem G, Lindell S, Albertsson-Wikland K, Kriström B. Rapid cardiovascular effects of growth hormone treatment in short prepubertal children: impact of treatment duration. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012; 77:877-84. [PMID: 22651572 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies show that growth hormone (GH) treatment increases cardiac dimensions in short children with GH deficiency (GHD) and has diverse cardiac effects in children with idiopathic short stature (ISS). This study was performed to assess the effect of GH on the cardiovascular system in short children with a broad range of GH secretion and GH sensitivity/responsiveness. DESIGN AND PATIENTS In this prospective, multicentre study, short prepubertal children diagnosed with isolated GHD (89) or ISS (38) were followed during 2 years of GH treatment. They were randomized to receive either a standard (43 μg/kg/day) or an individualized GH dose (range 17-100 μg/kg/day) based on GH responsiveness estimated by a prediction model and distance to target height. Echocardiography, blood pressure and electrocardiography were performed at baseline, 3, 12 and 24 months. RESULTS Left ventricular mass (LVM) indexed to body surface area increased significantly during 2 years of GH treatment in both GHD and ISS irrespective of randomized dose. This change was already apparent at 3 months, when standard deviation scores (SDS) of wall thickness and diameter were increased. At 24 months, left ventricular diameter SDS remained increased, whereas myocardial thickness SDS returned to baseline values. There was no impairment of systolic or diastolic function. There was no correlation with treatment dose and LVM SDS at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of GH status, there was a rapid increase in LVM during GH treatment in short children. At 3 months, wall thickness and diameter were increased, whereas only diameter remained increased at 24 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Nygren
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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36
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Rienzo M, Bizé A, Pongas D, Michineau S, Melka J, Chan HL, Sambin L, Su JB, Dubois-Randé JL, Hittinger L, Berdeaux A, Ghaleh B. Impaired left ventricular function in the presence of preserved ejection in chronic hypertensive conscious pigs. Basic Res Cardiol 2012; 107:298. [PMID: 22961595 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-012-0298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Systolic function is often evaluated by measuring ejection fraction and its preservation is often assimilated with the lack of impairment of systolic left ventricular (LV) function. Considering the left ventricle as a muscular pump, we explored LV function during chronic hypertension independently of increased afterload conditions. Fourteen conscious and chronically instrumented pigs received continuous infusion of either angiotensin II (n = 8) or saline (n = 6) during 28 days. Hemodynamic recordings were regularly performed in the presence and 1 h after stopping angiotensin II infusion to evaluate intrinsic LV function. Throughout the protocol, the mean arterial pressure steadily increased by 55 ± 4 mmHg in angiotensin II-treated animals. There were no significant changes in stroke volume, LV fractional shortening or LV wall thickening, indicating the lack of alterations in LV ejection. In contrast, we observed maladaptive changes with (1) the lack of reduction in isovolumic contraction and relaxation durations with heart rate increases, (2) abnormally blunted isovolumic contraction and relaxation responses to dobutamine and (3) a linear correlation between isovolumic contraction and relaxation durations. None of these changes were observed in saline-infused animals. In conclusion, we provide evidence of impaired LV function with concomitant isovolumic contraction and relaxation abnormalities during chronic hypertension while ejection remains preserved and no sign of heart failure is present. The evaluation under unloaded conditions shows intrinsic LV abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rienzo
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM Unité U, Créteil, France
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37
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Gan XT, Hunter JC, Huang C, Xue J, Rajapurohitam V, Javadov S, Karmazyn M. Ouabain increases iNOS-dependent nitric oxide generation which contributes to the hypertrophic effect of the glycoside: possible role of peroxynitrite formation. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 363:323-33. [PMID: 22160804 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In addition to inotropic effects, cardiac glycosides exert deleterious effects on the heart which limit their use for cardiac therapeutics. In this study, we determined the possible contribution of ouabain-induced iNOS stimulation to the resultant hypertrophic as well as cytotoxic effects of the glycoside on cultured adult rat ventricular myocytes. Myocytes were treated with ouabain (50 μM) for up to 24 h. Ouabain significantly increased gene and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which was associated with significantly increased release of NO from myocytes as well as increased total release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion (O(2) (-)), and increased peroxynitrite formation as assessed by protein tyrosine nitration. Administration of ouabain was also associated with increased levels of myocyte toxicity as determined by myocyte morphology, trypan blue staining and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) efflux. The nonspecific NOS inhibitor Nω-nitro-L: -arginine methyl ester and the more selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W both abrogated the increase in LDH release but had no significant effect on either morphology or trypan blue staining. Ouabain also significantly increased both myocyte surface area and expression of atrial natriuretic peptide indicating a hypertrophic response with both parameters being completely prevented by NOS inhibition. The effects of iNOS inhibitors were associated with diminished ouabain tyrosine nitration as well as abrogation of ouabain-induced p38 and ERK phosphorylation. Our study shows that ouabain is a potent inducer of NO formation, iNOS upregulation, and increased production of ROS. Inhibition of ouabain-dependent peroxynitrite formation may contribute to the antihypertrophic effect of iNOS inhibition possibly by preventing downstream MAPK activation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cardiotonic Agents/toxicity
- Cell Shape/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Induction
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/enzymology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Male
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Ouabain/toxicity
- Peroxynitrous Acid/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Superoxides/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Tracey Gan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
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38
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Schlossarek S, Schuermann F, Geertz B, Mearini G, Eschenhagen T, Carrier L. Adrenergic stress reveals septal hypertrophy and proteasome impairment in heterozygous Mybpc3-targeted knock-in mice. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2011; 33:5-15. [PMID: 22076249 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-011-9273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by asymmetric septal hypertrophy and is often caused by mutations in MYBPC3 gene encoding cardiac myosin-binding protein C. In contrast to humans, who are already affected at the heterozygous state, mouse models develop the phenotype mainly at the homozygous state. Evidence from cell culture work suggested that altered proteasome function contributes to the pathogenesis of HCM. Here we tested in two heterozygous Mybpc3-targeted mouse models whether adrenergic stress unmasks a specific cardiac phenotype and proteasome dysfunction. The first model carries a human Mybpc3 mutation (Het-KI), the second is a heterozygous Mybpc3 knock-out (Het-KO). Both models were compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Mice were treated with a combination of isoprenaline and phenylephrine (ISO/PE) or NaCl for 1 week. Whereas ISO/PE induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with increased posterior wall thickness to a similar extent in all groups, it increased septum thickness only in Het-KI and Het-KO. ISO/PE did not affect the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity or β5-subunit protein level in Het-KO or wild-type mice (WT). In contrast, both parameters were markedly lower in Het-KI and negatively correlated with the degree of LVH in Het-KI only. In conclusion, adrenergic stress revealed septal hypertrophy in both heterozygous mouse models of HCM, but proteasome dysfunction only in Het-KI mice, which carry a mutant allele and closely mimic human HCM. This supports the hypothesis that proteasome impairment contributes to the pathophysiology of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Schlossarek
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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39
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Guo P, Wu C, Masaki T, Mori H, Nishiyama A. Subdose of fasudil suppresses myocardial fibrosis in aldosterone-salt-treated uninephrectomized rats. Pharmazie 2011; 66:716-719. [PMID: 22026130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway plays an important role in pathological cardiovascular conditions. In the present study, the effect of a subdose of fasudil, a selective ROCK inhibitor, on systemic hypertension and myocardium fibrosis induced by aldosterone was investigated in uninephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats (SD). Treatment with a fasudil (10 mg/kg x day, s.c.) for 5 weeks decreased the activity of ROCK activity for more than 53% as determined by the expression of phosphorylated Myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1). Although this dose of fasudil did not signifantly prevent hypertension, it remarkably alleviated myocardium hypertrophy and fibrosis. The elevated transcriptional expression of transforming growth factors beta1 (TGF-beta1), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and collagen I and III was also decreased. These results demonstrated that fasudil can protect the myocardium from injury by aldosterone at a subhypertensive dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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40
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Newton-Cheh C, Lin AE, Baggish AL, Wang H. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 11-2011. A 47-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus and heart failure. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:1450-60. [PMID: 21488768 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc1011319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, and Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
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41
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Abstract
AIM To evaluate the safety and explore the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for Fabry disease with agalsidase alfa in young children enrolled in the Fabry Outcome Survey (FOS). METHODS This retrospective chart review identified eight children (mean age= 5.0±1.6 [mean ±SD]) in FOS who began treatment with agalsidase alfa (0.2 mg/kg, i.v., every other week) when <7 years old. Vital signs and adverse events were monitored throughout the study period. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated, and left ventricular mass indexed to height(2.7) (LVMi) was assessed with echocardiography. Patients received 1.2-6.7 years of treatment (mean=4.2 years). RESULTS Infusion reactions occurred in three patients and were of mild or moderate severity. IgG antibodies to agalsidase alfa were found in one patient who experienced two mild and one moderate infusion reactions. Mean GFR was within the normal range at baseline and remained normal. LVMi was above the 75th percentile of age-matched children in 5 of 6 patients evaluated at baseline. Only two patients exceeded this threshold at their last assessment. CONCLUSION Long-term observation will be needed to determine whether early initiation of ERT will prevent major organ dysfunction in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ramaswami
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Metabolic Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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42
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Halade GV, Williams PJ, Lindsey ML, Fernandes G. Fish oil decreases inflammation and reduces cardiac remodeling in rosiglitazone treated aging mice. Pharmacol Res 2010; 63:300-7. [PMID: 21193042 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies suggest that rosiglitazone (RSG) treatment may increase the incidence of heart failure in diabetic patients. In this study, we examined whether a high corn oil diet with RSG treatment in insulin resistant aging mice exerted metabolic and pro-inflammatory effects that stimulate cardiac dysfunction. We also evaluated whether fish oil attenuated these effects. Female C57BL/6J mice (13 months old) were divided into 5 groups: (1) lean control (LC), (2) corn oil, (3) fish oil, (4) corn oil+RSG and (5) fish oil+RSG. Mice fed a corn oil enriched diet and RSG developed hypertrophy of the left ventricle (LV) and decreased fractional shortening, despite a significant increase in total body lean mass. In contrast, LV hypertrophy was prevented in RSG treated mice fed a fish oil enriched diet. Importantly, hyperglycemia was controlled in both RSG groups. Further, fish oil+RSG decreased LV expression of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides, fibronectin and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, concomitant with increased interleukin-10 and adiponectin levels compared to the corn oil+RSG group. Fish oil+RSG treatment suppressed inflammation, increased serum adiponectin, and improved fractional shortening, attenuating the cardiac remodeling seen in the corn oil+RSG diet fed C57BL/6J insulin resistant aging mice. Our results suggest that RSG treatment has context-dependent effects on cardiac remodeling and serves a negative cardiac role when given with a corn oil enriched diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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43
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Wu Q, Chen CX, Gu WL, Gao JP, Wan Y, Lv J. [Effect of Chrysanthemum indicum on ventricular remodeling in rats]. Zhong Yao Cai 2010; 33:1112-1115. [PMID: 21137368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects and mechanism of Chrysanthemum indicum on experimental ventricular remodeling induced by isoprenaline (ISO) and L-thyroxine (L-Thy). METHODS The ventricular remodeling of mice were induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO with the dosage of 2 mg/kg daily for 7 d and the rats with L-Thy intraperitoneally with the dosage of 0.25 mg/kg daily for 9 d. After 7 days' treatment, the cardiac index and the Ang II content in myocardium of mice were measured. After 9 days' treatment, the ratios of LVW/BW, HW/BW of rats were calculated, the Ang II content in heart tissue and the ALD, TNF-alpha concentration in serun were determined by radioimmunoassay, the Hydroxy proline (Hyp) content in heart tissue were measured by hydrolysis method. RESULTS After 7 - 9 days of treatment, Chrysanthemum indicum significantly reduced the left ventricular weight index and heart weight index in mice and rats with myocardial hypertrophy, decreased the content of Ang II in ventricular tissue in mice and rats, and reduced the ALD, TNF-alpha concentration in serum and the Hyp content in ventricular tissue in rats (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Chrysanthemum indicum can significantly attenuate the experimental ventricular remodeling; the mechanism may be related with restricting the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and decreasing the levels of Ang II, ALD and TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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44
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Khasanova GN, Oranskiĭ IE, Roslaia NA. [Processes of adaptogenesis and heart remodelling in workers of electrolysis workshops in aluminum plants]. Med Tr Prom Ekol 2010:16-19. [PMID: 20402217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Workers in electrolysis workshops of aluminium plants demonstrate changes in intracardial hemodynamics and left ventricle diastolic function, heart remodelling to concentric and excentric hypertrophy, more in individuals with chronic occupational fluorine intoxication.
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45
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Heather LC, Catchpole AF, Stuckey DJ, Cole MA, Carr CA, Clarke K. Isoproterenol induces in vivo functional and metabolic abnormalities: similar to those found in the infarcted rat heart. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 60:31-39. [PMID: 19826179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic isoproterenol administration produces a rapid, highly reproducible rodent model of cardiac hypertrophy. Yet, despite widespread use of this model, the effects of isoproterenol on in vivo cardiac function and substrate metabolism are unknown. Isoproterenol (5 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)) was infused for 7 days in male Wistar rats (n = 22). In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that left ventricular mass increased by 37% and end-diastolic and systolic volumes increased by 33% and 73%, respectively, following isoproterenol infusion. Cardiac function at the base of the left ventricle was normal, but apical ejection fraction decreased from 90% to 31% and apical free wall thickening decreased by 94%, accompanied by increased fibrosis and inflammation. Myocardial palmitate oxidation rates were 25% lower, and citrate synthase and medium chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase activities were reduced by 25% and 29%, respectively, following isoproterenol infusion. Fatty acid transporter protein levels were 11-52% lower and triglyceride concentrations were 55% lower in isoproterenol-infused rat hearts. Basal glycolysis and glycogen concentration were not changed, yet insulin stimulated glycolysis was decreased by 32%, accompanied by 33% lower insulin stimulated glucose transporter, GLUT4, protein levels in rat hearts following isoproterenol infusion, compared with controls. In conclusion, isoproterenol infusion impaired in vivo cardiac function, induced hypertrophy, and decreased both fatty acid and glucose metabolism, changes similar in direction and magnitude to those found in the rat heart following moderate severity myocardial infarction.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/toxicity
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Blood Pressure/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fatty Acid Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Glucose/metabolism
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/drug effects
- Heart Ventricles/enzymology
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/complications
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Isoproterenol/toxicity
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine
- Male
- Myocardial Infarction/chemically induced
- Myocardial Infarction/complications
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Perfusion
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Function, Left/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Heather
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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46
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Li JY, Zhang SL, Yan L, Ren M, Wang C, Cheng H. [Primary study on the effects of high-salt diet on the myocardium and the related mechanisms]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2009; 89:1573-1576. [PMID: 19953889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was to evaluate the effects of high-salt diet on the blood pressure and myocardium in Sprague-Dawley rats and to investigate the related mechanisms. METHODS Rat model of high-salt diet was established by receiving standard rat chow with salt concentration of 0.3% and additional salt load via the drinking water (1% sodium chloride solution). Systolic blood pressure was measured by The indirect tail-cuff method in the rats on high-salt and normal-salt diet. The rats were placed in metabolic cages. Food intake and urine volume were recorded. The sodium and chloride in plasma and urine were measured. Transthoracic echocardiographic studies were performed at the eighth week with an echocardiographic system. The pathological variations of the myocardium were observed by the electron microscopy. The p22phox and p47phox mRNA expressions were analyzed by real time RT-PCR. The p22phox and p47phox protein expressions were analyzed by Western blot. The NADPH oxidase activity of myocardium and the serum 8-isoprostane levels were measured. RESULTS Left ventricular hypertrophy (all P < 0.05) and the decreased diastolic function of left ventricle without significantly elevated blood pressure [(128 +/- 4) mm Hg versus (125 +/- 3) mm Hg in controls, P > 0.05] were found in the rats on high-salt diet, compared to those in the rats on normal-salt diet. Furthermore, mRNA and protein expressions of the p22phox and p47phox, and the NADPH oxidase activity of myocardium were increased [(0.332 +/- 0.015) micromol x min(-1) x mg(-1) versus (0.142 +/- 0.023) micromol x min(-1) x mg(-1) in controls, P <0.05]. Serum 8-isoprostane levels [(1117 +/- 86) pg/ml versus (327 +/- 80) pg/ml in controls, P < 0.05] were also significantly increased in the rats on high-salt diet. CONCLUSION High-salt diet might lead to left ventricular hypertrophy and the decreased diastolic function of left ventricle through oxidative stress without significantly elevated blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Jaffré F, Bonnin P, Callebert J, Debbabi H, Setola V, Doly S, Monassier L, Mettauer B, Blaxall BC, Launay JM, Maroteaux L. Serotonin and angiotensin receptors in cardiac fibroblasts coregulate adrenergic-dependent cardiac hypertrophy. Circ Res 2008; 104:113-23. [PMID: 19023134 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.180976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By mimicking sympathetic stimulation in vivo, we previously reported that mice globally lacking serotonin 5-HT(2B) receptors did not develop isoproterenol-induced left ventricular hypertrophy. However, the exact cardiac cell type(s) expressing 5-HT(2B) receptors (cardiomyocytes versus noncardiomyocytes) involved in pathological heart hypertrophy was never addressed in vivo. We report here that mice expressing the 5-HT(2B) receptor solely in cardiomyocytes, like global 5-HT(2B) receptor-null mice, are resistant to isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, as well as to isoproterenol-induced increases in cytokine plasma-levels. These data reveal a key role of noncardiomyocytes in isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy in vivo. Interestingly, we show that primary cultures of angiotensinogen null adult cardiac fibroblasts are releasing cytokines on stimulation with either angiotensin II or serotonin, but not in response to isoproterenol stimulation, demonstrating a critical role of angiotensinogen in adrenergic-dependent cytokine production. We then show a functional interdependence between AT(1)Rs and 5-HT(2B) receptors in fibroblasts by revealing a transinhibition mechanism that may involve heterodimeric receptor complexes. Both serotonin- and angiotensin II-dependent cytokine production occur via a Src/heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-dependent transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptors in cardiac fibroblasts, supporting a common signaling pathway. Finally, we demonstrate that 5-HT(2B) receptors are overexpressed in hearts from patients with congestive heart failure, this overexpression being positively correlated with cytokine and norepinephrine plasma levels. Collectively, these results reveal for the first time that interactions between AT(1) and 5-HT(2B) receptors coexpressed by noncardiomyocytes are limiting key events in adrenergic agonist-induced, angiotensin-dependent cardiac hypertrophy. Accordingly, antagonists of 5-HT(2B) receptors might represent novel therapeutics for sympathetic overstimulation-dependent heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Angiotensin II/deficiency
- Angiotensin II/physiology
- Angiotensin II/toxicity
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Cytokines/blood
- Cytokines/metabolism
- ErbB Receptors/physiology
- Female
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/physiology
- Heart Failure/chemically induced
- Heart Failure/drug therapy
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor
- Humans
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/physiology
- Isoproterenol/toxicity
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Middle Aged
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Norepinephrine/physiology
- Protein Interaction Mapping
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/physiology
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/physiology
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists
- Serotonin Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- src-Family Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- src-Family Kinases/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Jaffré
- Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale, U839, Paris, France
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Souza HCDD, Penteado DMD, Martin-Pinge MC, Barbosa Neto O, Teixeira VDPA, Blanco JHD, Silva VJDD. Nitric oxide synthesis blockade increases hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis in rats submitted to aerobic training. Arq Bras Cardiol 2008; 89:88-93, 99-104. [PMID: 17874014 DOI: 10.1590/s0066-782x2007001400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to evaluate cardiac tissue adaptations in rats submitted to aerobic training after nitric oxide (NO) synthesis blockade. METHODS The animals (n=48) were divided into four groups: sedentary (CONTROL group); hypertensive after administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester for 7 days (L-NAME Group); trained for 8 weeks through swimming exercises (TRAINED Group);trained and treated with L-NAME during the last week (L-NAME TRAINED Group). All the animals were submitted to the experiment procedures for blood pressure (BP) readings and cardiac morphometric evaluation. RESULTS In comparison to the other groups, the L-NAME and L-NAME TRAINED groups were hypertensive (p<0.05); however, BP elevation in the L-NAME TRAINED group was significantly lower than the L-NAME group (p<0.05). The heart weight indexes for the TRAINED and L-NAME TRAINED groups were higher than the CONTROL and L-NAME groups (p<0.05). Also they had presented higher rates of macroscopic cardiac area and cardiac fibrosis in relation to the rest (p<0.05); comparisons revealed that the values for the L-NAME TRAINED group were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the others. CONCLUSION Short term NO synthesis blockade in sedentary animals induced hypertension but did not cause cardiac hypertrophy. In the trained animals, the inhibition of NO synthesis attenuated hypertension, induced cardiac hypertrophy and significantly increased myocardial fibrosis, indicating that NO plays an important role in cardiac tissue adaptations caused by aerobic exercise.
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Frantz S, Hu K, Widder J, Weckler B, Scheuermann H, Bauersachs J, Ertl G, Callies F, Allolio B. Detrimental effects of testosterone on post-myocardial infarction remodelling in female rats. J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 58:717-727. [PMID: 18195483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Clinical data suggest an association of increased serum androgens with cardiovascular mortality in females, but not in males. Therefore, we examined effects of chronic anabolic testosterone administration on left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in female rats. Ovariectomized adult female rats were treated with placebo, supraphysiologic testosterone undecanoate (T), estradiol (E(2)), or T+E(2). Two weeks after ovarcectomy, animals underwent sham-operation or coronary artery ligation. Left ventricular remodeling and function were assessed by echocardiography and hemodynamic investigation. In sham operated animals T administration increased serum T levels and led to cardiac hypertrophy, with an increase in the beta/alpha-MHC-ratio and in IGF-1 expression. After coronary artery ligation, infarct size and mortality were similar among the groups. T treatment aggravated left ventricular hypertrophy and chamber dilatation (end-diastolic diameter, E(2) vs. T vs. E(2)+T, 8.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 9.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 9.8 +/- 0.3 mm, p<0.05) and reduced fractional shortening 8 weeks after myocardial infarction. Extracellular matrix remodeling was not altered by hormonal treatment. In conclusion, chronic anabolic T treatment causes myocardial hypertrophy under basal conditions and adversely affects left ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Frantz
- Universität Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Germany.
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Matuszewska G, Marek B, Kajdaniuk D, Przywara-Chowaniec B, Jarzab J, Jarzab B. [The importance of bisoprolol in prevention of heart left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with long term L-thyroxin suppressive therapy, after the operation of differentiated thyroid carcinoma]. Endokrynol Pol 2007; 58:384-396. [PMID: 18058733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma have to undergo radical surgical treatment, which includes total thyreoidectomy, radioiodine therapy and a life-time suppressive therapy with L-thyroxine. The aim of this study was a prospective evaluation of left ventricular hypertrophy during L suppressive-thyroxine treatment in patients treated for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS The examined group comprised 50 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, treated by total thyroidectomy and 131I therapy. Echocardiographic measurements were needed for estimation of left ventricular mass and its index, according to recommendations of American Echocardiography Society. RESULTS During two-years long suppressive therapy we observed a significant rise in left ventricular mass. In woman group left ventricular mass was increased from 168+/-39 g to 204+/-45 g (p<0.001) and in men from 205+/-60 to 320+/-21 g. Likewise, left ventricular mass index was increased in women group from 96+/-18 g/m(2) to 116+/-25 g/m(2) (p<0.001) and in men group from 107+/-37 g/m(2) to 158+/-28 g/m(2). Simultaneous treatment with bisoprolol caused a regression of left myocardial hypertrophy. Already after 6 months of simultaneous treatment with L-thyroxin and bisoprolol, for left ventricular mass was reduced to normal: in woman 165+/-35 g, and in men to 178+/-38 g. Analogous results were obtained left ventricular mass index. After 6 months it was reduced to 94+/-12 g/m(2) in woman and in men to 132+/-32 g/m(2). CONCLUSIONS 1. In differentiated thyroid cancer patients, treated postoperatively with L-thyroxine suppressive therapy, left ventricular hypertrophy is observed already during the first year of suppressive therapy and progresses during the next year of treatment. 2 Addition of a beta-adrenergic antagonist to suppressive doses of L-thyroxine causes a regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, thus, beta-adrenergic antagonists should be administered in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Matuszewska
- Kliniczny Oddział Chorób Wewnetrznych i Dermatologii, Szpitala Specjalistycznego nr 2, Zabrze.
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