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Yang F, Li T, Zhang XQ, Gong Y, Su H, Fan J, Wang L, Hu QD, Tan RZ. Screening of active components in Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Panax notoginseng formula for anti-fibrosis in CKD: nobiletin inhibits Lgals1/PI3K/AKT signaling to improve renal fibrosis. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2375033. [PMID: 38967135 PMCID: PMC11229745 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2375033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Panax notoginseng formula (A&P) has been clinically shown to effectively slow down the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has demonstrated significant anti-fibrosis effects in experimental CKD model. However, the specific active ingredients and underlying mechanism are still unclear. The active ingredients of A&P were analyzed by Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-HR-MS). A mouse model of CKD was constructed by 5/6 nephrectomy. Renal function was assessed by creatinine and urea nitrogen. Real-time PCR and Western Blot were performed to detect the mRNA and protein changes in kidney and cells. An in vitro fibrotic cell model was constructed by TGF-β induction in TCMK-1 cells. The results showed that thirteen active ingredients of A&P were identified by UPLC-HR-MS, nine of which were identified by analysis with standards, among which the relative percentage of NOB was high. We found that NOB treatment significantly improved renal function, pathological damage and reduced the expression level of fibrotic factors in CKD mice. The results also demonstrated that Lgals1 was overexpressed in the interstitial kidney of CKD mice, and NOB treatment significantly reduced its expression level, while inhibiting PI3K and AKT phosphorylation. Interestingly, overexpression of Lgals1 significantly increased fibrosis in TCMK1 cells and upregulated the activity of PI3K and AKT, which were strongly inhibited by NOB treatment. NOB is one of the main active components of A&P. The molecular mechanism by which NOB ameliorates renal fibrosis in CKD may be through the inhibition of Lgals1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Li
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-qian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Su
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Junming Fan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiong-dan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui-zhi Tan
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Li HY, Xu XY, Lv SH, Chen W, Wang Y, Fu Y, Yang JP. LncRNA H19 accelerates renal fibrosis by negatively regulating the let-7b-5p/TGF-βR1/COL1A1 axis. Cell Signal 2024; 123:111373. [PMID: 39214267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-mediated renal fibrosis is a critical pathological process of chronic kidney disease worsening to end-stage renal disease. Recent studies have shown that long noncoding RNA H19 (lncRNA H19) is widely involved in the formation and progression of fibrosis in multiple organs. However, its molecular events in renal fibrosis remain to be elucidated. METHODS Rats were treated with adenine intragastrically and HK-2 cells were induced by TGF-β1 to construct renal fibrosis models in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Renal histopathological examination was performed using HE and Masson staining. Gene expression levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), TGF-β1, fibronectin (Fn), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), H19, let-7b-5p, TGF-β receptor 1 (TGF-βR1), and type I collagen (COL1A1) were detected by qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis were used to evaluate the expression of renal fibrosis biomarkers. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the presence of binding sites between H19 and let-7b-5p, and between let-7b-5p and TGF-βR1 and COL1A1. RESULTS H19 was overexpressed in both in vivo and in vitro renal fibrosis models. H19 knockdown significantly reversed TGF-β1-induced upregulation of fibronectin, COL1A1, and α-SMA and downregulation of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells, accompanied by an increase in let-7b-5p. Let-7b-5p was bound to H19 in HK-2 cells, and its overexpression inhibited TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cell fibrosis. Further experiments determined that let-7b-5p directly targets TGF-βR1 and COL1A1 in HK-2 cells. In addition, inhibition of let-7b-5p reversed the reduction in HK-2 cell fibrosis induced by H19 knockdown. Finally, knockdown of H19 alleviated renal fibrosis in vivo and was associated with regulation of the let-7b-5p/TGF-βR1/COL1A1 axis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that knockdown of H19 inhibits renal tubular epithelial fibrosis by negatively regulating the let-7b-5p/TGF-βR1/COL1A1 axis, which may provide new mechanistic insights into CRF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Yu Li
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Yun Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sen-Hao Lv
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun-Ping Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Addario G, Fernández-Pérez J, Formica C, Karyniotakis K, Herkens L, Djudjaj S, Boor P, Moroni L, Mota C. 3D Humanized Bioprinted Tubulointerstitium Model to Emulate Renal Fibrosis In Vitro. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400807. [PMID: 39152919 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to a gradual loss of kidney function, with fibrosis as pathological endpoint, which is characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling. Traditionally, in vivo models are used to study interstitial fibrosis, through histological characterization of biopsy tissue. However, ethical considerations and the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) regulations emphasizes the need for humanized 3D in vitro models. This study introduces a bioprinted in vitro model which combines primary human cells and decellularized and partially digested extracellular matrix (ddECM). A protocol was established to decellularize kidney pig tissue and the ddECM was used to encapsulate human renal cells. To investigate fibrosis progression, cells were treated with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and the mechanical properties of the ddECM hydrogel were modulated using vitamin B2 crosslinking. The bioprinting perfusable model replicates the renal tubulointerstitium. Results show an increased Young's modulus over time, together with the increase of ECM components and cell dedifferentiation toward myofibroblasts. Multiple fibrotic genes resulted upregulated, and the model closely resembled fibrotic human tissue in terms of collagen deposition. This 3D bioprinted model offers a more physiologically relevant platform for studying kidney fibrosis, potentially improving disease progression research and high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Addario
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ET, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Fernández-Pérez
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ET, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Formica
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ET, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lea Herkens
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Djudjaj
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University of Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ET, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Mota
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ET, The Netherlands
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Wang H, Gao L, Zhao C, Fang F, Liu J, Wang Z, Zhong Y, Wang X. The role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:2623-2633. [PMID: 38498274 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-03989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), including chronic glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy, are common chronic diseases characterized by structural damage and functional decline of the kidneys. The current treatment of CKD is symptom relief. Several studies have reported that the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway is a pathway closely related to the pathological process of CKD. It can ameliorate kidney damage by inhibiting this signal pathway which is involved with inflammation, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and autophagy. This review highlights the role of activating or inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in CKD-induced inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy and EMT. We also summarize the latest evidence on treating CKD by targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway, discuss the shortcomings and deficiencies of PI3K/Akt research in the field of CKD, and identify potential challenges in developing these clinical therapeutic CKD strategies, and provide appropriate solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Lanjun Gao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Jiazhi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
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Lahane GP, Dhar A, Bhat A. Therapeutic approaches and novel antifibrotic agents in renal fibrosis: A comprehensive review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23795. [PMID: 39132761 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis (RF) is one of the underlying pathological conditions leading to progressive loss of renal function and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Over the years, various therapeutic approaches have been explored to combat RF and prevent ESRD. Despite significant advances in understanding the underlying molecular mechanism(s), effective therapeutic interventions for RF are limited. Current therapeutic strategies primarily target these underlying mechanisms to halt or reverse fibrotic progression. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, a pivotal mediator of RF has emerged as a central strategy to manage RF. Small molecules, peptides, and monoclonal antibodies that target TGF-β receptors or downstream effectors have demonstrated potential in preclinical models. Modulating the renin-angiotensin system and targeting the endothelin system also provide established approaches for controlling fibrosis-related hemodynamic changes. Complementary to pharmacological strategies, lifestyle modifications, and dietary interventions contribute to holistic management. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms of RF and provide an overview of the therapeutic strategies and novel antifibrotic agents that hold promise in its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Panditrao Lahane
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Arti Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Audesh Bhat
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Fan Y, Xu Y, Huo Z, Zhang H, Peng L, Jiang X, Thomson AW, Dai H. Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in kidney diseases: A biomarker and potential therapeutic target. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1663-1673. [PMID: 38809056 PMCID: PMC11268828 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. As an amplifier of the inflammatory response, TREM-1 is mainly involved in the production of inflammatory mediators and the regulation of cell survival. TREM-1 has been studied in infectious diseases and more recently in non-infectious disorders. More and more studies have shown that TREM-1 plays an important pathogenic role in kidney diseases. There is evidence that TREM-1 can not only be used as a biomarker for diagnosis of disease but also as a potential therapeutic target to guide the development of novel therapeutic agents for kidney disease. This review summarized molecular biology of TREM-1 and its signaling pathways as well as immune response in the progress of acute kidney injury, renal fibrosis, diabetic nephropathy, immune nephropathy, and renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zhi Huo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Hedong Zhang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Longkai Peng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People’s Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Angus W. Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Helong Dai
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Guo Y, Gao W, Ding X, Cai Q, Bai Y. Assessment of the renal function and fibrosis indexes of conventional western medicine with Chinese medicine for dredging collaterals on treating renal fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20230815. [PMID: 39027883 PMCID: PMC11255556 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the renal function and fibrosis indexes of conventional western medicine with Chinese medicine for dredging collaterals in the treatment of renal fibrosis (RF). We searched articles from databases (PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang data) and references of included studies. The quality of literature was evaluated and data were extracted in regard to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan5.3 software was applied for all statistical analyses. Eleven eligible RCTs with a total of 898 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with conventional western medicine alone, conventional western medicine with Chinese medicine for dredging collaterals in the treatment of RF has lower BUN levels and SCr levels (P < 0.05). As for fibrosis indexes, conventional western medicine with Chinese medicine for dredging collaterals has lower HA, laminin (LN), IV-Col, and PC-III levels (P < 0.05). Conventional western medicine with Chinese medicine for dredging collaterals with lower BUN, Scr, HA, LN, PC-III, and IV-Col levels, has an advantage in the treatment of RF. These lower serum levels may not be associated with the presence of RF. Ideally, kidney biopsies should be performed to confirm that these markers reduce RF. This is a major limitation of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Guo
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fengtai District, 100078, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Gao
- Department of Urology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Ding
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fengtai District, 100078, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fengtai District, 100078, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fengtai District, 100078, Beijing, China
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Chen S, Zhuang D, Jia Q, Guo B, Hu G. Advances in Noninvasive Molecular Imaging Probes for Liver Fibrosis Diagnosis. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0042. [PMID: 38952717 PMCID: PMC11214848 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response to chronic liver injury, which may lead to cirrhosis and cancer. Early-stage fibrosis is reversible, and it is difficult to precisely diagnose with conventional imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and ultrasound imaging. In contrast, probe-assisted molecular imaging offers a promising noninvasive approach to visualize early fibrosis changes in vivo, thus facilitating early diagnosis and staging liver fibrosis, and even monitoring of the treatment response. Here, the most recent progress in molecular imaging technologies for liver fibrosis is updated. We start by illustrating pathogenesis for liver fibrosis, which includes capillarization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, cellular and molecular processes involved in inflammation and fibrogenesis, as well as processes of collagen synthesis, oxidation, and cross-linking. Furthermore, the biological targets used in molecular imaging of liver fibrosis are summarized, which are composed of receptors on hepatic stellate cells, macrophages, and even liver collagen. Notably, the focus is on insights into the advances in imaging modalities developed for liver fibrosis diagnosis and the update in the corresponding contrast agents. In addition, challenges and opportunities for future research and clinical translation of the molecular imaging modalities and the contrast agents are pointed out. We hope that this review would serve as a guide for scientists and students who are interested in liver fibrosis imaging and treatment, and as well expedite the translation of molecular imaging technologies from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College,
Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Danping Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College,
Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingyun Jia
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College,
Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application,
Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Genwen Hu
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College,
Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
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Lathan R. Exploring unconventional targets in myofibroblast transdifferentiation outside classical TGF- β signaling in renal fibrosis. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1296504. [PMID: 38808357 PMCID: PMC11130449 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1296504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
We propose that the key initiators of renal fibrosis are myofibroblasts which originate from four predominant sources-fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells and macrophages. Increased accumulation of renal interstitial myofibroblasts correlates with an increase in collagen, fibrillar proteins, and fibrosis severity. The canonical TGF-β pathway, signaling via Smad proteins, is the central molecular hub that initiates these cellular transformations. However, directly targeting these classical pathway molecules has proven challenging due their integral roles in metabolic process, and/or non-sustainable effects involving compensatory cross-talk with TGF-β. This review explores recently discovered alternative molecular targets that drive transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts. Discovering targets outside of the classical TGF-β/Smad pathway is crucial for advancing antifibrotic therapies, and strategically targeting the development of myofibroblasts offers a promising approach to control excessive extracellular matrix deposition and impede fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashida Lathan
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Islamuddin M, Qin X. Renal macrophages and NLRP3 inflammasomes in kidney diseases and therapeutics. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:229. [PMID: 38740765 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are exceptionally diversified cell types and perform unique features and functions when exposed to different stimuli within the specific microenvironment of various kidney diseases. In instances of kidney tissue necrosis or infection, specific patterns associated with damage or pathogens prompt the development of pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1). These M1 macrophages contribute to exacerbating tissue damage, inflammation, and eventual fibrosis. Conversely, anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) arise in the same circumstances, contributing to kidney repair and regeneration processes. Impaired tissue repair causes fibrosis, and hence macrophages play a protective and pathogenic role. In response to harmful stimuli within the body, inflammasomes, complex assemblies of multiple proteins, assume a pivotal function in innate immunity. The initiation of inflammasomes triggers the activation of caspase 1, which in turn facilitates the maturation of cytokines, inflammation, and cell death. Macrophages in the kidneys possess the complete elements of the NLRP3 inflammasome, including NLRP3, ASC, and pro-caspase-1. When the NLRP3 inflammasomes are activated, it triggers the activation of caspase-1, resulting in the release of mature proinflammatory cytokines (IL)-1β and IL-18 and cleavage of Gasdermin D (GSDMD). This activation process therefore then induces pyroptosis, leading to renal inflammation, cell death, and renal dysfunction. The NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1-IL-1β-IL-18 pathway has been identified as a factor in the development of the pathophysiology of numerous kidney diseases. In this review, we explore current progress in understanding macrophage behavior concerning inflammation, injury, and fibrosis in kidneys. Emphasizing the pivotal role of activated macrophages in both the advancement and recovery phases of renal diseases, the article delves into potential strategies to modify macrophage functionality and it also discusses emerging approaches to selectively target NLRP3 inflammasomes and their signaling components within the kidney, aiming to facilitate the healing process in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Islamuddin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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11
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Addario G, Eussen D, Djudjaj S, Boor P, Moroni L, Mota C. 3D Printed Tubulointerstitium Chip as an In Vitro Testing Platform. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300440. [PMID: 37997523 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) ranks as the twelfth leading cause of death worldwide with limited treatment options. The development of in vitro models replicating defined segments of the kidney functional units, the nephrons, in a physiologically relevant and reproducible manner can facilitate drug testing. The aim of this study was to produce an in vitro organ-on-a-chip platform with extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printing. The manufacturing of the tubular platform was produced by printing sacrificial fibers with varying diameters, providing a suitable structure for cell adhesion and proliferation. The chip platform was seeded with primary murine tubular epithelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The effect of channel geometry, its reproducibility, coatings for cell adhesion, and specific cell markers were investigated. The developed chip presents single and dual channels, mimicking segments of a renal tubule and the capillary network, together with an extracellular matrix gel analogue placed in the middle of the two channels, envisioning the renal tubulointerstitium in vitro. The 3D printed platform enables perfusable circular cross-section channels with fully automated, rapid, and reproducible manufacturing processes at low costs. This kidney tubulointerstitium on-a-chip provides the first step toward the production of more complex in vitro models for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Addario
- Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Eussen
- Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Djudjaj
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University of Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Mota
- Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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12
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Yang X, Delsante M, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Fenaroli P, Mandell KP, Wang X, Takahashi S, Halushka MK, Kopp JB, Levi M, Rosenberg AZ. Bile Acid Receptor Agonist Reverses Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Mediated Fibrogenesis in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Kidney Organoids. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100336. [PMID: 38266922 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease progresses through the replacement of functional tissue compartments with fibrosis, a maladaptive repair process. Shifting kidney repair toward a physiologically intact architecture, rather than fibrosis, is key to blocking chronic kidney disease progression. Much research into the mechanisms of fibrosis is performed in rodent models with less attention to the human genetic context. Recently, human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived organoids have shown promise in overcoming the limitation. In this study, we developed a fibrosis model that uses human iPSC-based 3-dimensional renal organoids, in which exogenous transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induced the production of extracellular matrix. TGF-β1-treated organoids showed tubulocentric collagen 1α1 production by regulating downstream transcriptional regulators, Farnesoid X receptor, phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (p-SMAD3), and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Increased nuclear TAZ expression was confirmed in the tubular epithelium in human kidney biopsies with tubular injury and early fibrosis. A dual bile acid receptor agonist (INT-767) increased Farnesoid X receptor and reduced p-SMAD3 and TAZ, attenuating TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in kidney organoids. Finally, we show that TAZ interacted with TEA-domain transcription factors and p-SMAD3 with TAZ and TEA-domain transcription factor 4 coregulating collagen 1α1 gene transcription. In summary, we establish a novel, readily manipulable fibrogenesis model and posit a role for bile acid receptor agonism early in renal parenchymal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marco Delsante
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Scuola di Specializione in Nefrologia, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Paride Fenaroli
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Scuola di Specializione in Nefrologia, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Xiaoxin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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13
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Li A, Wu S, Li Q, Wang Q, Chen Y. Elucidating the Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Interventions of Gaseous Mediators in the Context of Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:515. [PMID: 38790620 PMCID: PMC11117599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a pathological alteration of the repair response, involves continuous organ damage, scar formation, and eventual functional failure in various chronic inflammatory disorders. Unfortunately, clinical practice offers limited treatment strategies, leading to high mortality rates in chronic diseases. As part of investigations into gaseous mediators, or gasotransmitters, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), numerous studies have confirmed their beneficial roles in attenuating fibrosis. Their therapeutic mechanisms, which involve inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation, have been increasingly elucidated. Additionally, novel gasotransmitters like hydrogen (H2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) have emerged as promising options for fibrosis treatment. In this review, we primarily demonstrate and summarize the protective and therapeutic effects of gaseous mediators in the process of fibrosis, with a focus on elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in combating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qian Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center for The Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Yingqing Chen
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center for The Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
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14
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Zhang J, Feng X, Yang R, Bai J, Gao F, Zhang B. Beclin-1-Derived Peptide MP1 Attenuates Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:208-218. [PMID: 38453525 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is distinguished by the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix and progressive loss of nephron function, with a lack of effective treatment options in clinical practice. In this study, we discovered that the Beclin-1-derived peptide MP1 significantly inhibits the abnormal expression of fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers, including α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, collagen I, matrix metallopeptidase 2, Snail1, and vimentin both in vitro and in vivo. H&E staining was employed to evaluate renal function, while serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were used as main indices to assess pathologic changes in the obstructed kidney. The results demonstrated that daily treatment with MP1 during the 14-day experiment significantly alleviated renal dysfunction and changes in Scr and BUN in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Mechanistic research revealed that MP1 was found to have a significant inhibitory effect on the expression of crucial components involved in both the Wnt/β-catenin and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathways, including β-catenin, C-Myc, cyclin D1, TGF-β1, and p-Smad/Smad. However, MP1 exhibited no significant impact on either the LC3II/LC3I ratio or P62 levels. These findings indicate that MP1 improves renal physiologic function and mitigates the fibrosis progression by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our study suggests that MP1 represents a promising and novel candidate drug precursor for the treatment of renal fibrosis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study indicated that the Beclin-1-derived peptide MP1 effectively mitigated renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction through inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and transforming growth factor-β/Smad pathway, thereby improving renal physiological function. Importantly, unlike other Beclin-1-derived peptides, MP1 exhibited no significant impact on autophagy in normal cells. MP1 represents a promising and novel candidate drug precursor for the treatment of renal fibrosis focusing on Beclin-1 derivatives and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaocui Feng
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Runling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingya Bai
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feiyun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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15
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Shi Z, Sun C, Zhou F, Yuan J, Chen M, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Pylypenko D, Yuan L. Native T1-mapping as a predictor of progressive renal function decline in chronic kidney disease patients. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:121. [PMID: 38575883 PMCID: PMC10996237 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the potential of Native T1-mapping in predicting the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS We enrolled 119 CKD patients as the study subjects and included 20 healthy volunteers as the control group, with follow-up extending until October 2022. Out of these patients, 63 underwent kidney biopsy measurements, and these patients were categorized into high (25-50%), low (< 25%), and no renal interstitial fibrosis (IF) (0%) groups. The study's endpoint event was the initiation of renal replacement therapy, kidney transplantation, or an increase of over 30% in serum creatinine levels. Cox regression analysis determined factors influencing unfavorable kidney outcomes. We employed Kaplan-Meier analysis to contrast kidney survival rates between the high and low T1 groups. Additionally, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed the predictive accuracy of Native T1-mapping for kidney endpoint events. RESULTS T1 values across varying fibrosis degree groups showed statistical significance (F = 4.772, P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression pinpointed 24-h urine protein, cystatin C(CysC), hemoglobin(Hb), and T1 as factors tied to the emergence of kidney endpoint events. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a markedly higher likelihood of kidney endpoint events in the high T1 group compared to the low T1 value group (P < 0.001). The ROC curves for variables (CysC, T1, Hb) tied to kidney endpoint events demonstrated area under the curves(AUCs) of 0.83 (95%CI: 0.75-0.91) for CysC, 0.77 (95%CI: 0.68-0.86) for T1, and 0.73 (95%CI: 0.63-0.83) for Hb. Combining these variables elevated the AUC to 0.88 (95%CI: 0.81-0.94). CONCLUSION Native T1-mapping holds promise in facilitating more precise and earlier detection of CKD patients most at risk for end-stage renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianlei Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minyue Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dmytro Pylypenko
- GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Wu Y, Li L, Ning Z, Li C, Yin Y, Chen K, Li L, Xu F, Gao J. Autophagy-modulating biomaterials: multifunctional weapons to promote tissue regeneration. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:124. [PMID: 38360732 PMCID: PMC10868121 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-renewal mechanism that maintains homeostasis and can promote tissue regeneration by regulating inflammation, reducing oxidative stress and promoting cell differentiation. The interaction between biomaterials and tissue cells significantly affects biomaterial-tissue integration and tissue regeneration. In recent years, it has been found that biomaterials can affect various processes related to tissue regeneration by regulating autophagy. The utilization of biomaterials in a controlled environment has become a prominent approach for enhancing the tissue regeneration capabilities. This involves the regulation of autophagy in diverse cell types implicated in tissue regeneration, encompassing the modulation of inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix formation. In addition, biomaterials possess the potential to serve as carriers for drug delivery, enabling the regulation of autophagy by either activating or inhibiting its processes. This review summarizes the relationship between autophagy and tissue regeneration and discusses the role of biomaterial-based autophagy in tissue regeneration. In addition, recent advanced technologies used to design autophagy-modulating biomaterials are summarized, and rational design of biomaterials for providing controlled autophagy regulation via modification of the chemistry and surface of biomaterials and incorporation of cells and molecules is discussed. A better understanding of biomaterial-based autophagy and tissue regeneration, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, may lead to new possibilities for promoting tissue regeneration. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Luxin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Zuojun Ning
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Changrong Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Yongkui Yin
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Kaiyuan Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of plastic surgery, Naval Specialty Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, 200052, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of plastic surgery, Naval Specialty Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, 200052, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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17
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Thipboonchoo N, Fongsupa S, Sureram S, Sa-nguansak S, Kesornpun C, Kittakoop P, Soodvilai S. Altenusin, a fungal metabolite, alleviates TGF-β1-induced EMT in renal proximal tubular cells and renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24983. [PMID: 38318047 PMCID: PMC10839986 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a pathological feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD), progressing toward end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic potential of altenusin, a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist derived from fungi, on renal fibrosis. The effect of altenusin was determined (i) in vitro using the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human renal proximal tubular cells and (ii) in vivo using mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The findings revealed that incubation of 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 promotes morphological change in RPTEC/TERT1 cells, a human renal proximal tubular cell line, from epithelial to fibroblast-like cells. TGF-β1 markedly increased EMT markers namely α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), while decreased the epithelial marker E-cadherin. Co-incubation TGF-β1 with altenusin preserved the epithelial characteristics of the renal epithelial cells by antagonizing TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, specifically a decreased phosphorylation of Smad2/3 with an increased level of Smad7. Interestingly, the antagonizing effect of altenusin does not require FXR activation. Moreover, altenusin could reverse TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-like cells to epithelial-like cells. Treatment on UUO mice with 30 mg/kg altenusin significantly reduced the expression of α-SMA, fibronectin, and collagen type 1A1 (COL1A1). The reduction in the renal fibrosis markers is correlated with the decreased phosphorylation of Smad2/3 levels but does not improve E-cadherin protein expression. Collectively, altenusin reduces EMT in human renal proximal tubular cells and renal fibrosis by antagonizing the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natechanok Thipboonchoo
- Research Center of Transport Protein for Medical Innovation, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somsak Fongsupa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Thammasat University Rangsit Campus, Thailand
| | - Sanya Sureram
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Suliporn Sa-nguansak
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Kesornpun
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Prasat Kittakoop
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sunhapas Soodvilai
- Research Center of Transport Protein for Medical Innovation, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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18
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Teisseire M, Giuliano S, Pagès G. Combination of Anti-Angiogenics and Immunotherapies in Renal Cell Carcinoma Show Their Limits: Targeting Fibrosis to Break through the Glass Ceiling? Biomedicines 2024; 12:385. [PMID: 38397987 PMCID: PMC10886484 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores treating metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) through current therapeutic modalities-anti-angiogenic therapies and immunotherapies. While these approaches represent the forefront, their limitations and variable patient responses highlight the need to comprehend underlying resistance mechanisms. We specifically investigate the role of fibrosis, prevalent in chronic kidney disease, influencing tumour growth and treatment resistance. Our focus extends to unravelling the intricate interplay between fibrosis, immunotherapy resistance, and the tumour microenvironment for effective therapy development. The analysis centres on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), revealing its multifaceted role in ccRCC-promoting fibrosis, angiogenesis, and cancer progression. We discuss the potential of targeting CTGF to address the problem of fibrosis in ccRCC. Emphasising the crucial relationship between fibrosis and the immune system in ccRCC, we propose that targeting CTGF holds promise for overcoming obstacles to cancer treatment. However, we recognise that an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms and potential limitations is imperative and, therefore, advocate for further research. This is an essential prerequisite for the successful integration of CTGF-targeted therapies into the clinical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandy Giuliano
- University Cote d’Azur (UCA), Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284; INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06189 Nice, France;
| | - Gilles Pagès
- University Cote d’Azur (UCA), Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284; INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06189 Nice, France;
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19
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Song L, Zhang W, Tang SY, Luo SM, Xiong PY, Liu JY, Hu HC, Chen YQ, Jia B, Yan QH, Tang SQ, Huang W. Natural products in traditional Chinese medicine: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of renal fibrosis and state-of-the-art drug delivery systems. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116039. [PMID: 38157643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis (RF) is the end stage of several chronic kidney diseases. Its series of changes include excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular cells, fibroblast activation, immune cell infiltration, and renal cell apoptosis. RF can eventually lead to renal dysfunction or even renal failure. A large body of evidence suggests that natural products in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have great potential for treating RF. In this article, we first describe the recent advances in RF treatment by several natural products and clarify their mechanisms of action. They can ameliorate the RF disease phenotype, which includes apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and EMT, by affecting relevant signaling pathways and molecular targets, thereby delaying or reversing fibrosis. We also present the roles of nanodrug delivery systems, which have been explored to address the drawback of low oral bioavailability of natural products. This may provide new ideas for using natural products for RF treatment. Finally, we provide new insights into the clinical prospects of herbal natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shi-Yun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610032, China
| | - Si-Min Luo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Pei-Yu Xiong
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jun-Yu Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Heng-Chang Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ying-Qi Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Bo Jia
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qian-Hua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Song-Qi Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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20
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da Cunha Agostini L, Almeida TC, da Silva GN. ANRIL, H19 and TUG1: a review about critical long non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:31. [PMID: 38155319 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. They are non-transmissible diseases that affect the cardiovascular system and have different etiologies such as smoking, lipid disorders, diabetes, stress, sedentary lifestyle and genetic factors. To date, lncRNAs have been associated with increased susceptibility to the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, angina and heart failure. In this way, lncRNAs are becoming a very promising point for the prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review highlights the most important and recent discoveries about the mechanisms of action of the lncRNAs ANRIL, H19 and TUG1 and their clinical relevance in these pathologies. This may contribute to early detection of cardiovascular diseases in order to prevent the pathological phenotype from becoming established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia da Cunha Agostini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CiPharma), Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, s/nº, Ouro Prêto, Minas Gerais, CEP 35402-163, Brazil
| | - Tamires Cunha Almeida
- Escola Superior Instituto Butantan (ESIB), Laboratório de Dor e Sinalização, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glenda Nicioli da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CiPharma), Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, s/nº, Ouro Prêto, Minas Gerais, CEP 35402-163, Brazil.
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas (DEACL), Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Prêto, Brazil.
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21
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Hou L, Du Y. Neuropilin 1 promotes unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis via RACK1 in renal tubular epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F870-F884. [PMID: 37823194 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00069.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is a single-channel transmembrane glycoprotein whose role and mechanism in renal fibrosis remain incompletely elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the effect of NRP1 on renal fibrosis and its potential mechanism. NRP1 expression in the renal sections from patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model was detected. Nrp1 overexpression or knockdown plasmid was transfected into mice, TKPTS mouse kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (TECs), and rat kidney fibroblasts, after which pathological injury evaluation and fibrosis marker detection were conducted. The direct interaction of the receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1) with NRP1 was validated by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. We found that the upregulated renal NRP1 expression in patients with CKD was located in proximal TECs, consistent with the degree of interstitial fibrosis. In the UUO mouse model, NRP1 expression was upregulated in the kidney, and overexpression of Nrp1 increased the mRNA and protein expression of fibronectin (Fn) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), whereas Nrp1 knockdown significantly reduced Fn and α-SMA expression and downregulated the inflammatory response. NRP1 promoted transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced profibrotic responses in the TKPTS cells and fibroblasts, and Nrp1 knockdown partially reversed these responses. Immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry verified that NRP1 can directly bind to RACK1, and Rack1 knockdown reversed the NRP1-induced fibrotic response. In summary, NRP1 may enhance the TGF-β1 pathway by binding to RACK1, thus promoting renal fibrosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although a few studies have confirmed the correlation between neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and renal diseases, the mechanism of NRP1 in renal fibrosis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of NRP1 on renal fibrosis through in vitro and in vivo experiments and explored the possible downstream mechanisms. We found that NRP1 can stimulate the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, possibly by binding to RACK1, thereby promoting renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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22
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Luo L, Wang S, Hu Y, Wang L, Jiang X, Zhang J, Liu X, Guo X, Luo Z, Zhu C, Xie M, Li Y, You J, Yang F. Precisely Regulating M2 Subtype Macrophages for Renal Fibrosis Resolution. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22508-22526. [PMID: 37948096 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are central to the pathogenesis of kidney disease and serve as an effective therapeutic target for kidney injury and fibrosis. Among them, M2-type macrophages have double-edged effects regarding anti-inflammatory effects and tissue repair. Depending on the polarization of the M2 subtypes (M2a or M2c) in the diseased microenvironment, they can either mediate normal tissue repair or drive tissue fibrosis. In renal fibrosis, M2a promotes disease progression through macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT) cells, while M2c possesses potent anti-inflammatory functions and promotes tissue repair, and is inhibited. The mechanisms underlying this differentiation are complex and are currently not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we first confirmed that M2a-derived MMT cells are responsible for the development of renal fibrosis and demonstrated that the intensity of TGF-β signaling is a major factor determining the differential polarization of M2a and M2c. Under excessive TGF-β stimulation, M2a undergoes a process known as MMT cells, whereas moderate TGF-β stimulation favors the polarization of M2c phenotype macrophages. Based on these findings, we employed targeted nanotechnology to codeliver endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibitor (Ceapin 7, Cea or C) and conventional glucocorticoids (Dexamethasone, Dex or D), precisely modulating the ATF6/TGF-β/Smad3 signaling axis within macrophages. This approach calibrated the level of TGF-β stimulation on macrophages, promoting their polarization toward the M2c phenotype and suppressing excessive MMT polarization. The study indicates that the combination of ERS inhibitor and a first-line anti-inflammatory drug holds promise as an effective therapeutic approach for renal fibrosis resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilong Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Litong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xindong Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuemeng Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunqi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Miaomiao Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 118 Longjinger Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Yeqing Li
- The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, 118 Longjinger Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuchun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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23
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Xia W, Chen X, Zhu Z, Chen H, Li B, Wang K, Huang L, Liu Z, Chen Z. Knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1 attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis through miR-124-3p/ITGB1 axis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18076. [PMID: 37872392 PMCID: PMC10593763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) considered the primary irreversible cause of chronic kidney disease. Recently, accumulating studies demonstrated that lncRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of RIF. However, the underlying exact mechanism of lncRNA MALAT1 in RIF remains barely known. Here, the aim of our study was to investigate the dysregulate expression of lncRNA MALAT1 in TGF-β1 treated HK2/NRK-49F cells and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice model, defining its effects on HK2/NRK-49F cells and UUO mice fibrosis process through the miR-124-3p/ITGB1 signaling axis. It was found that lncRNA MALAT1 and ITGB1 was significantly overexpression, while miR-124-3p was downregulated in HK2/NRK-49F cells induced by TGF-β1 and in UUO mice model. Moreover, knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1 remarkably downregulated the proteins level of fibrosis-related markers, ITGB1, and upregulated the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin. Consistently, mechanistic studies showed that miR-124-3p can directly binds to lncRNA MALAT1 and ITGB1. And the protect effect of Len-sh-MALAT1 on fibrosis related protein levels could be partially reversed by co-transfected with inhibitor-miR-124-3p. Moreover, the expression trend of LncRNA MALAT1/miR-124-3p/ITGB1 in renal tissues of patients with obstructive nephropathy (ON) was consistent with the results of cell and animal experiments. Taken together, these results indicated that lncRNA MALAT1 could promote RIF process in vitro and in vivo via the miR-124-3p/ITGB1 signaling pathway. These findings suggest a new regulatory pathway involving lncRNA MALAT1, which probably serves as a potential therapeutic target for RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Xia
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zewu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hequn Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingsheng Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kangning Wang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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24
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Klinkhammer BM, Boor P. Kidney fibrosis: Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101206. [PMID: 37541106 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of patients worldwide suffers from chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is accompanied by kidney fibrosis, which affects all compartments of the kidney, i.e., the glomeruli, tubulointerstitium, and vasculature. Fibrosis is the best predictor of progression of kidney diseases. Currently, there is no specific anti-fibrotic therapy for kidney patients and invasive renal biopsy remains the only option for specific detection and quantification of kidney fibrosis. Here we review emerging diagnostic approaches and potential therapeutic options for fibrosis. We discuss how translational research could help to establish fibrosis-specific endpoints for clinical trials, leading to improved patient stratification and potentially companion diagnostics, and facilitating and optimizing development of novel anti-fibrotic therapies for kidney patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
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25
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Zhang Y, Li K, Zhang C, Liao H, Li R. Research Progress of Cordyceps sinensis and Its Fermented Mycelium Products on Ameliorating Renal Fibrosis by Reducing Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2817-2830. [PMID: 37440993 PMCID: PMC10335274 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s413374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark and common outcome of various chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) and manifests pathologically as accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the kidney. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to be an important mechanism involved in renal fibrosis. Cordyceps sinensis, a traditional Chinese medicine, has long been used for the treatment of renal fibrosis. As research on the mycelium of C. sinensis progressed, a variety of medicines developed from fermented mycelium were used to treat CKD. However, their efficacies and mechanisms have not been fully summarized. In this review, five medicines developed from fermented mycelium of C. sinensis are presented. The pharmacodynamic effects of C. sinensis on different animal models of renal fibrosis are summarized. The in vitro studies and related mechanisms of C. sinensis on renal cells are detailed. Finally, the application and efficacy of these five commercial medicines that meet national standards in different types of CKD are summarized. From this review, it can be concluded that C. sinensis can alleviate various causes of renal fibrosis to some extent, and its mechanism is related to TGF-β1 dependent signaling, inhibition of inflammation, and improvement of renal function. Further research on rigorously designed, large-sample, clinically randomized controlled trial studies and detailed mechanisms should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiyun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Hu X, Yang M, Li X, Gong Z, Duan J. Myo-Inositol Attenuates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Obstructive Nephropathy by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT Activation. J Med Food 2023. [PMID: 37192490 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that myo-inositol (MI) has a critical role in reducing renal inflammatory processes and improving podocyte function and preventing diabetes-related renal damage. We aimed to explore the function and underlying workings of MI in renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). Based on a mouse model, we explored the effect of MI in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-treated HK-2 cells. Pathological changes of the kidney tissues were examined following staining of the tissues with hematoxylin, eosin, and Masson's trichrome. The mRNA quantities of fibrosis markers, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen I, were analyzed by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction, whereas those of protein levels were assessed with Western blotting. We also determined the expression of collagen I by immunofluorescence, and the levels of phosphorylated phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) by Western blot. In vivo, histopathological examination in the UUO mice revealed renal tubular epithelial cell necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and RIF. UUO mice showed higher expression levels of collagen I, fibronectin, α-SMA, pPI3K, and pAKT compared with sham-operated mice. However, MI treatment diminished the pathological alterations of RIF in UUO mice and downregulated the expression of fibrosis markers and phosphorylated PI3K/AKT. In vitro, TGF-β1 positively influenced the propagation and differentiation of HK-2 cells and upregulated the levels of α-SMA, fibronectin, collagen I, pPI3K, and pAKT, but these became significantly reversed by MI treatment. In conclusion, MI ameliorates RIF, possibly by negatively regulating TGF-β1-induced epithelial transdifferentiation and PI3K/AKT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianxiu Duan
- Department of Clinical Trial Research Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan, China
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27
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Gandhi DB, Al Saeedi M, Krier JD, Jiang K, Glockner JF, Lerman LO. Evaluation of Renal Fibrosis Using Magnetization Transfer Imaging at 1.5T and 3T in a Porcine Model of Renal Artery Stenosis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082956. [PMID: 37109291 PMCID: PMC10140905 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is an important marker in the progression of chronic kidney disease, and renal biopsy is the current reference standard for detecting its presence. Currently, non-invasive methods have only been partially successful in detecting renal fibrosis. Magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) allows estimates of renal fibrosis but may vary with scanning conditions. We hypothesized that MTI-derived renal fibrosis would be reproducible at 1.5T and 3T MRI and over time in fibrotic kidneys. Fifteen pigs with unilateral renal artery stenosis (RAS, n = 9) or age-matched sham controls (n = 6) underwent MTI-MRI at both 1.5T and 3T 6 weeks post-surgery and again 4 weeks later. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) measurements of fibrosis in both kidneys were compared between 1.5T and 3T, and the reproducibility of MTI at the two timepoints was evaluated at 1.5T and 3T. MTR at 3T with 600 Hz offset frequency successfully distinguished between normal, stenotic, and contralateral kidneys. There was excellent reproducibility of MTI at 1.5T and 3T over the two timepoints and no significant differences between MTR measurements at 1.5T and 3T. Therefore, MTI is a highly reproducible technique which is sensitive to detect changes in fibrotic compared to normal kidneys in the RAS porcine model at 3T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep B Gandhi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mina Al Saeedi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - James D Krier
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kai Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - James F Glockner
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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28
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Ge XY, Lan ZK, Lan QQ, Lin HS, Wang GD, Chen J. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-based multimodal radiomics modeling for fibrosis detection in chronic kidney disease. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:2386-2398. [PMID: 36454259 PMCID: PMC10017610 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To predict kidney fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease using radiomics of two-dimensional ultrasound (B-mode) and Sound Touch Elastography (STE) images in combination with clinical features. METHODS The Mindray Resona 7 ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus with SC5-1U convex array probe (bandwidth frequency of 1-5 MHz) was used to perform two-dimensional ultrasound and STE software. The severity of cortical tubulointerstitial fibrosis was divided into three grades: mild interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA), fibrotic area < 25%; moderate IFTA, fibrotic area 26-50%; and severe IFTA, fibrotic area > 50%. After extracting radiomics from B-mode and STE images in these patients, we analyzed two classification schemes: mild versus moderate-to-severe IFTA, and mild-to-moderate versus severe IFTA. A nomogram was constructed based on multiple logistic regression analyses, combining clinical and radiomics. The performance of the nomogram for differentiation was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration, and decision curves. RESULTS A total of 150 patients undergoing kidney biopsy were enrolled (mild IFTA: n = 74; moderate IFTA: n = 33; severe IFTA: n = 43) and randomized into training (n = 105) and validation cohorts (n = 45). To differentiate between mild and moderate-to-severe IFTA, a nomogram incorporating STE radiomics, albumin, and estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) rate achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-0.97) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77-0.98) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Between mild-to-moderate and severe IFTA, the nomogram incorporating B-mode and STE radiomics features, age, and eGFR achieved an AUC of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89-0.98) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.70-0.95) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Finally, we performed a decision curve analysis and found that the nomogram using both radiomics and clinical features exhibited better predictability than any other model (DeLong test, p < 0.05 for the training and validation cohorts). CONCLUSION A nomogram based on two-dimensional ultrasound and STE radiomics and clinical features served as a non-invasive tool capable of differentiating kidney fibrosis of different severities. KEY POINTS • Radiomics calculated based on the ultrasound imaging may be used to predict the severities of kidney fibrosis. • Radiomics may be used to identify clinical features associated with the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in patients with CKD. • Non-invasive ultrasound imaging-based radiomics method with accuracy aids in detecting renal fibrosis with different IFTA severities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Ge
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhong-Kai Lan
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiao-Qing Lan
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hua-Shan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Diagnosis, GE Healthcare, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China.
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29
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Wang C, Li SW, Zhong X, Liu BC, Lv LL. An update on renal fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies with a focus on extracellular vesicles. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:174-187. [PMID: 37037480 PMCID: PMC10085720 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.22.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health concern. Despite the complicated pathogenesis of CKD, renal fibrosis represents the most common pathological condition, comprised of progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix in the diseased kidney. Over the last several decades, tremendous progress in understanding the mechanism of renal fibrosis has been achieved, and corresponding potential therapeutic strategies targeting fibrosis-related signaling pathways are emerging. Importantly, extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute significantly to renal inflammation and fibrosis by mediating cellular communication. Increasing evidence suggests the potential of EV-based therapy in renal inflammation and fibrosis, which may represent a future direction for CKD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lin-Li Lv
- Correspondence: Lin-Li Lv Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China. E-mail:
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30
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Yang Y, Li T, Jing W, Yan Z, Li X, Fu W, Zhang R. Dual-modality and Noninvasive Diagnostic of MNP-PEG-Mn Nanoprobe for Renal Fibrosis Based on Photoacoustic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12797-12808. [PMID: 36866785 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To date, imaging-guided multimodality therapy is important to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of renal fibrosis, and nanoplatforms for imaging-guided multimodality diagnosis are gaining more and more attention. There are many limitations and deficiencies in clinical use for early-stage diagnosis of renal fibrosis, and multimodal imaging can contribute more thoroughly and provide in-detail information for effective clinical diagnosis. Melanin is an endogenous biomaterial, and we developed an ultrasmall particle size melanin nanoprobe (MNP-PEG-Mn) based on photoacoustic (PA) and magnetic resonance (MR) dual-modal imaging. MNP-PEG-Mn nanoprobe, with the average diameter about 2.7 nm, can be passively targeted for accumulation in the kidney, and it has excellent free radical scavenging and antioxidant abilities without further exacerbating renal fibrosis. Using the normal group signal as a control, the dual-modal imaging results showed that the MR imaging (MAI) and PA imaging (PAI) signals reached the strongest at 6 h when MNP-PEG-Mn entered the 7 day renal fibrosis group via the left vein of the tail end of the mice; however, the strength of the dual-modal imaging signal and the gradient of signal change were significantly weaker in the 28 day renal fibrosis group than in the 7 day renal fibrosis group and normal group. The phenomenon preliminarily indicates that as a PAI/MRI dual-modality contrast medium candidate, MNP-PEG-Mn has outstanding ability in clinical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Yang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Jing
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zirui Yan
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqi Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Fu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Wang L, Wang X, Li G, Zhou S, Wang R, Long Q, Wang M, Li L, Huang H, Ba Y. Emodin ameliorates renal injury and fibrosis via regulating the miR-490-3p/HMGA2 axis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1042093. [PMID: 36937888 PMCID: PMC10020706 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1042093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a major pathological feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). While emodin is reported to elicit anti-fibrotic effects on renal injury, little is known about its effects on microRNA (miRNA)-modulated mechanisms in renal fibrosis. In this study, we established a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model and a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced normal rat renal tubular epithelial cell line (NRK-52E) model to investigate the protective effects of emodin on renal fibrosis and its miRNA/target gene mechanisms. Dual-luciferase assay was performed to confirm the direct binding of miRNA and target genes in HEK293 cells. Results showed that oral administration of emodin significantly ameliorated the loss of body weight and the increase in physicochemical parameters, including serum uric acid, creatinine, and urea nitrogen in UUO mice. Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin (IL)-1β, but not IL-6, were down-regulated by emodin administration. Emodin decreased the expression levels of TGF-β1 and fibrotic-related proteins, including alpha-smooth muscle actin, Collagen IV, and Fibronectin, and increased the expression of E-cadherin. Furthermore, miR-490-3p was decreased in UUO mice and negatively correlated with increased expression of high migration protein A2 (HMGA2). We further confirmed HMGA2 was the target of miR-490-3p. Transfection of miR-490-3p mimics decreased, while transfection of miR-490-3p inhibitors increased fibrotic-related proteins and HMGA2 expression levels in TGF-β1-induced NRK-52E cells. Furthermore, transfection of miR-490-3p mimics enhanced the anti-fibrotic effects of emodin, while transfection of miR-490-3p inhibitors abolished the protective effects of emodin. Thus, as a novel target of emodin that prevents renal fibrosis in the HMGA2-dependent signaling pathway, miR-490-3p has potential implications in CKD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liulin Wang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuerui Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research With Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Long
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Li
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanming Ba
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Lu Y, Zhang R, Gu X, Wang X, Xi P, Chen X. Exosomes from tubular epithelial cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition promote renal fibrosis by M1 macrophage activation. FASEB Bioadv 2023; 5:101-113. [PMID: 36876297 PMCID: PMC9983075 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2022-00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is the common final pathway of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and it is distinguished by inflammation, mesenchymal transition with myofibroblast formation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Macrophages are protuberant inflammatory cells in the kidney, and their roles are dependent on their phenotypes. However, it remains unclear whether tubular epithelial cells (TECs) undergoing EMT can influence the phenotypes of macrophages and the underlying mechanisms during the development of kidney fibrosis. Here, we investigated the characteristics of TECs and macrophages during kidney fibrosis with a focus on EMT and inflammation. We found that the coculture of exosomes from transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-induced TECs with macrophages induced macrophage M1 polarization, while exosomes from TECs without TGF-β stimulation or stimulation with TGF-β alone did not induce an increase in M1 macrophage-related markers. Notably, TECs induced to undergo EMT by TGF-β treatment released more exosomes than the other groups. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that when we injected exosomes from TECs undergoing EMT into mice, in addition to the high level of inflammatory response and the activation of M1 macrophages, the indicators of EMT and renal fibrosis in mouse kidney tissue were correspondingly elevated. In summary, exosomes from TECs undergoing EMT by TGF-β treatment induced M1 polarization and led to a positive feedback effect for further EMT and the development of renal fibrosis. Therefore, the obstacle to the release of such exosomes may be a novel therapeutic strategy for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Rui Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Xiameng Gu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Xuerong Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Peipei Xi
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
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Denicolò S, Nair V, Leierer J, Rudnicki M, Kretzler M, Mayer G, Ju W, Perco P. Assessment of Fibrinogen-like 2 (FGL2) in Human Chronic Kidney Disease through Transcriptomics Data Analysis. Biomolecules 2022; 13:89. [PMID: 36671474 PMCID: PMC9855364 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen-like 2 (FGL2) was recently found to be associated with fibrosis in a mouse model of kidney damage and was proposed as a potential therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We assessed the association of renal FGL2 mRNA expression with the disease outcome in two independent CKD cohorts (NEPTUNE and Innsbruck CKD cohort) using Kaplan Meier survival analysis. The regulation of FGL2 in kidney biopsies of CKD patients as compared to healthy controls was further assessed in 13 human CKD transcriptomics datasets. The FGL2 protein expression in human renal tissue sections was determined via immunohistochemistry. The regulators of FGL2 mRNA expression in renal tissue were identified in the co-expression and upstream regulator analysis of FGL2-positive renal cells via the use of single-cell RNA sequencing data from the kidney precision medicine project (KPMP). Higher renal FGL2 mRNA expression was positively associated with kidney fibrosis and negatively associated with eGFR. Renal FGL2 mRNA expression was upregulated in CKD as compared with healthy controls and associated with CKD progression in the Innsbruck CKD cohort (p-value = 0.0036) and NEPTUNE cohort (p-value = 0.0048). The highest abundance of FGL2 protein in renal tissue was detected in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and macula densa, proximal tubular cells, as well as in glomerular endothelial cells. The upstream regulator analysis identified TNF, IL1B, IFNG, NFKB1, and SP1 as factors potentially inducing FGL2-co-expressed genes, whereas factors counterbalancing FGL2-co-expressed genes included GLI1, HNF1B, or PPARGC1A. In conclusion, renal FGL2 mRNA expression is elevated in human CKD, and higher FGL2 levels are associated with fibrosis and worse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Denicolò
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Viji Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Johannes Leierer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Rudnicki
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paul Perco
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Wang F, Wang S, Wang J, Huang K, Chen G, Peng Y, Liu C, Tao Y. Pharmacological mechanisms of Fuzheng Huayu formula for Aristolochic acid I-induced kidney fibrosis through network pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1056865. [PMID: 36569327 PMCID: PMC9779930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1056865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, characterized by the destruction of renal tubules and interstitial capillaries and the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, is a common outcome of chronic renal diseases and has a wide spectrum of etiologies. Fibrosis can affect any organ and has similar pathological mechanisms. Fuzheng Huayu formula (FZHY), as the approved anti-liver fibrosis medicine in China, also can inhibit the kidney fibrosis induced by HgCl2 or unilateral ureteral obstruction. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of FZHY on renal fibrosis. This study aimed to identify the mechanisms of FZHY acts on renal fibrosis through network pharmacological analysis and in vivo experiments. Data from online databases were mined and screened to predict the target related genes of FZHY acts on renal fibrosis. The STRING and Cytoscape were used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks for FZHY and CKD target proteins. Mouse models with CKD induced by Aristolochic Acid I (AAI) were used to validate the effects of FZHY on renal fibrosis and their underlying mechanisms by detecting kidney function, renal fibrosis, and related intersection genes. A total of 129 FZHY-CKD crossover proteins were filtered and constructed into a protein-protein interaction network complex and designated as the potential targets of FZHY. One of the highest-scoring genes, FOS, and its related signaling pathways were more activated in CKD. The results demonstrated that FZHY can exert an anti-renal fibrosis effect by improving the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and alleviating excessive collagen deposition in kidney tissue, FZHY also could reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and inhibit the expression of MAPK/FOS signal molecules. Our study findings provide insights into predicting the effects of FZHY on CKD through network pharmacology. FZHY can protect the kidney from inflammatory injury caused by AAI and can antagonize inflammatory factor-stimulated MAPK/FOS activation in fibrotic kidneys. These effects constitute the mechanisms of FZHY for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaofeng Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Chenghai Liu, ; Yanyan Tao,
| | - Yanyan Tao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Chenghai Liu, ; Yanyan Tao,
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Chen M, Yu Y, Mi T, Guo Q, Xiang B, Tian X, Jin L, Long C, Shen L, Liu X, Pan J, Zhang Y, Xu T, Zhang D, Wei G. MK-2206 Alleviates Renal Fibrosis by Suppressing the Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Cells 2022; 11:3505. [PMID: 36359901 PMCID: PMC9655032 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common pathological feature of various kidney diseases, leading to irreversible renal failure and end-stage renal disease. However, there are still no effective treatments to reverse renal fibrosis. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of a targeted drug for fibrosis. Here, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-treated mice and a TGF-β1-treated human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2 cells) were used as models of renal fibrosis. Based on the changes of mRNA in UUO kidneys detected by transcriptome sequencing, MK-2206, an Akt inhibitor, was predicted as a potential drug to alleviate renal fibrosis through bioinformatics. We dissolved UUO mice with MK-2206 by gastric gavage and cultured TGF-β-induced HK-2 cells with MK-2206. Histopathological examinations were performed after MK-2206 intervention, and the degree of renal fibrosis, as well as the expression of Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins, were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot. The results showed that MK-2206 significantly improved the pathological structure of the kidney. Furthermore, MK-2206 intervention effectively inhibited UUO- and TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix deposition. Mechanistically, MK-2206 treatment attenuated the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, our study revealed for the first time that MK-2206 is a promising drug for the improvement of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Chen
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yihang Yu
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Tao Mi
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Qitong Guo
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiaomao Tian
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Liming Jin
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jianbo Pan
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Deying Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, China
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Casal Moura M, Branco C, Martins-Martinho J, Ferraro JL, Berti A, Nogueira E, Ponte C. A glance into the future of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221125979. [PMID: 36353270 PMCID: PMC9638684 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221125979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, unprecedented progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAVs). International collaborations and input from several fields (e.g. immunology, rheumatology, and nephrology) have been critical for analyzing demographics, disease manifestations, and outcomes in clinical research studies. Such efforts opened new avenues for generating novel questions and rationale to design better clinical trials. In addition, clinical research has been a source of several biological discoveries and the starting point for knowledge seeking on the pathophysiology of AAV. Interestingly, the blending of clinical and basic research provides a platform for personalized medicine. Despite recent revisions on AAV classification, the incorporation of new findings on disease genetics and immunologic responses may soon result in changes in clinical practice. These advances will enhance the selection of more specific and targeted therapies. However, current unmet needs in the management of AAV are still sizable and heavily impact long-term survival. Especially, frequent relapses, damage accrual, and high morbidity contribute to poor outcomes. Finally, the lack of defined biomarkers for disease activity and the prognosis is a permanent challenge in AAV research. Our work provides an overview of the current state of the art in AAV literature and suggests bridges for the remaining knowledge gaps. It offers potential future directions for the clinical assessment, management, and research in the field toward a more personalized medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Casal Moura
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Thoracic Research Disease Unit, Mayo
Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN
55905-0002, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Branco
- Renal Transplant and Nephrology Department,
Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte,
Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Martins-Martinho
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa
Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Centro Académico de
Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Luís Ferraro
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa
Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Centro Académico de
Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alvise Berti
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Thoracic Research Disease Unit, Mayo
Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
- Rheumatology Department, Santa Chiara Hospital
and Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO),
University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Estela Nogueira
- Renal Transplant and Nephrology Department,
Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte,
Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ponte
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa
Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Centro Académico de
Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Reumatologia,
Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de
Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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37
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Hung CT, Tsai YW, Wu YS, Yeh CF, Yang KC. The novel role of ER protein TXNDC5 in the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:63. [PMID: 36050716 PMCID: PMC9438287 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis-related disorders account for an enormous burden of disease-associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. Fibrosis is defined by excessive extracellular matrix deposition at fibrotic foci in the organ tissue following injury, resulting in abnormal architecture, impaired function and ultimately, organ failure. To date, there lacks effective pharmacological therapy to target fibrosis per se, highlighting the urgent need to identify novel drug targets against organ fibrosis. Recently, we have discovered the critical role of a fibroblasts-enriched endoplasmic reticulum protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5), in cardiac, pulmonary, renal and liver fibrosis, showing TXNDC5 is required for the activation of fibrogenic transforming growth factor-β signaling cascades depending on its catalytic activity as a PDI. Moreover, deletion of TXNDC5 in fibroblasts ameliorates organ fibrosis and preserves organ function by inhibiting myofibroblasts activation, proliferation and extracellular matrix production. In this review, we detailed the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which TXNDC5 promotes fibrogenesis in various tissue types and summarized potential therapeutic strategies targeting TXNDC5 to treat organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ting Hung
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Tsai
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shuo Wu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fan Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Center for Frontier Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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38
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Ren C, Bao X, Lu X, Du W, Wang X, Wei J, Li L, Li X, Lin X, Zhang Q, Ma B. Complanatoside A targeting NOX4 blocks renal fibrosis in diabetic mice by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154310. [PMID: 35843189 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important cause of end-stage renal disease. Complanatoside A (CA), an active component from Semen Astragali Complanati, has been reported to be a potential candidate for the treatment of kidney diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms and protective effects of CA in DN remain unclear. PURPOSE In this paper, the effects and the mechanism of CA against ameliorating DN were investigated in vivo and in vitro. STUDY DESIGN Here, a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic model and TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells were used to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of CA on DN in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Major biochemical indexes, Histopathological morphology, and Immunohistochemistry have explored the therapeutic effect of CA on DN. Subsequently, TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells were utilized to investigate the anti-renal fibrosis effect of CA. Finally, the mechanism of CA against renal fibrosis was studied via western blotting, immunofluorescence, transfection, and molecular docking. RESULTS The results showed that CA attenuated glomerular hypertrophy, collagen matrix deposition, and tubular interstitial fibrosis in diabetic mice. Moreover, the activation of TGF-β1-inducible epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was hindered by CA treatment in HK-2 cells. Mechanistically, the data suggested that upregulated NOX4 during diabetes and TGF-β1 in HK-2 cells was prominently diminished after CA treatment. Furthermore, CA exposure inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and downstream inflammation gene expression such as IL-18 and IL-1β in vivo and vitro. These findings indicated that CA obstructed the EMT to protect renal tubular epithelial cells against fibrosis via blocking NLRP3 activation, which was associated with inhibiting NOX4. Besides, the markedly raised autophagy levels in the diabetic model characterized by increasing LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1 were reversed after CA treatment, which is also a pivotal mechanism against renal fibrosis. More importantly, specific NOX4 overexpressed in HK-2 cells abolished that CA exposure blocked TGF-β1-induced-EMT, ROS generation, NLRP3, and autophagy activation. Meanwhile, the inhibition of cell migration, ROS generation, autophagy, and renal inflammation after CA treatment was more pronounced in NOX4-deficient HK-2 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings provided evidence that CA might be a potential therapeutic agent for DN by ameliorating NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy activation via targeting NOX4 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxing Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaowen Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xuanzhao Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Du
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jingxun Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xin Lin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Ruiz-Ortega M, Lamas S, Ortiz A. Antifibrotic Agents for the Management of CKD: A Review. Am J Kidney Dis 2022; 80:251-263. [PMID: 34999158 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a potential therapeutic target. However, there are conceptual and practical challenges to directly targeting kidney fibrosis. Whether fibrosis is mainly a cause or a consequence of CKD progression has been disputed. It is unclear whether specifically targeting fibrosis is feasible in clinical practice because most drugs that decrease fibrosis in preclinical models target additional and often multiple pathogenic pathways (eg, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade). Moreover, tools to assess whole-kidney fibrosis in routine clinical practice are lacking. Pirfenidone, a drug used for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, is undergoing a phase 2 trial for kidney fibrosis. Other drugs in use or being tested for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (eg, nintedanib, PRM-151, epigallocatechin gallate) are also potential candidates to treat kidney fibrosis. Novel therapeutic approaches may include antagomirs (eg, lademirsen) or drugs targeting interleukin 11 or NKD2 (WNT signaling pathway inhibitor). Reversing the dysfunctional tubular cell metabolism that leads to kidney fibrosis offers additional therapeutic opportunities. However, any future drug targeting fibrosis of the kidneys should demonstrate added benefit to a standard of care that combines renin-angiotensin system with mineralocorticoid receptor (eg, finerenone) blockade or with sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid; Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid; Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain; Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid; Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain.
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Lee SJ, Kim YA, Park KK. Anti-Fibrotic Effect of Synthetic Noncoding Decoy ODNs for TFEB in an Animal Model of Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158138. [PMID: 35897713 PMCID: PMC9330689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite emerging evidence suggesting that autophagy occurs during renal interstitial fibrosis, the role of autophagy activation in fibrosis and the mechanism by which autophagy influences fibrosis remain controversial. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of autophagy-related gene transcription, lysosomal biogenesis, and autophagosome formation. In this study, we examined the preventive effects of TFEB suppression on renal fibrosis. We injected synthesized TFEB decoy oligonucleotides (ODNs) into the tail veins of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice to explore the regulation of autophagy in UUO-induced renal fibrosis. The expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and collagen was decreased by TFEB decoy ODN. Additionally, TEFB ODN administration inhibited the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin1, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). We confirmed that TFEB decoy ODN inhibited fibrosis and autophagy in a UUO mouse model. The TFEB decoy ODNs also showed anti-inflammatory effects. Collectively, these results suggest that TFEB may be involved in the regulation of autophagy and fibrosis and that regulating TFEB activity may be a promising therapeutic strategy against kidney diseases.
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Li Y, Ricardo SD, Samuel CS. Enhancing the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies with an Anti-Fibrotic Agent for the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116035. [PMID: 35682717 PMCID: PMC9181689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 1 in 10 members of the general population, placing these patients at an increasingly high risk of kidney failure. Despite the significant burden of CKD on various healthcare systems, there are no effective cures that reverse or even halt its progression. In recent years, human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) have been recognised as a novel therapy for CKDs, owing to their well-established immunomodulatory and tissue-reparative properties in preclinical settings, and their promising safety profile that has been demonstrated in patients with CKDs from several clinical trials. However, renal fibrosis (scarring), a hallmark of CKD, has been shown to impair the viability and functionality of BM-MSCs post-transplantation. This has suggested that BM-MSCs might require a pre-treatment or adjunct therapy that can enhance the viability and therapeutic efficacy of these stromal cells in chronic disease settings. To address this, recent studies that have combined BM-MSCs with the anti-fibrotic drug serelaxin (RLX), have demonstrated the enhanced therapeutic potential of this combination therapy in normotensive and hypertensive preclinical models of CKD. In this review, a critical appraisal of the preclinical data available on the anti-fibrotic and renoprotective actions of BM-MSCs or RLX alone and when combined, as a treatment option for normotensive vs. hypertensive CKD, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Li
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Sharon D. Ricardo
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.D.R.); (C.S.S.)
| | - Chrishan S. Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.D.R.); (C.S.S.)
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β-Elemene Attenuates Renal Fibrosis in the Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model by Inhibition of STAT3 and Smad3 Signaling via Suppressing MyD88 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105553. [PMID: 35628363 PMCID: PMC9143890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a chronic pathological process that seriously endangers human health. However, the current therapeutic options for this disease are extremely limited. Previous studies have shown that signaling factors such as JAK2/STAT3, Smad3, and Myd88 play a regulatory role in renal fibrosis, and β-elemene is a plant-derived sesquiterpenoid organic compound that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. In the present study, the anti-fibrotic effect of β-elemene was demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. It was shown that β-elemene inhibited the synthesis of extracellular matrix-related proteins in unilateral ureteral obstruction mice, and TGF-β stimulated rat interstitial fibroblast cells, including α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and connective tissue growth factor, etc. Further experiments showed that β-elemene reduced the expression levels of the above-mentioned fibrosis-related proteins by blocking the phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3, Smad3, and the expression or up-regulation of MyD88. Notably, knockdown of MyD88 attenuated the phosphorylation levels of STAT3 and Smad3 in TGF-β stimulated NRK49F cell, which may be a novel molecular mechanism by which β-elemene affects renal interstitial fibrosis. In conclusion, this study elucidated the anti-interstitial fibrosis effect of β-elemene, which provides a new direction for future research and development of drugs related to chronic kidney disease.
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Polymer-Based Delivery of Peptide Drugs to Treat Diabetes: Normalizing Hyperglycemia and Preventing Diabetic Complications. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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A novel role of BK potassium channel activity in preventing the development of kidney fibrosis. Kidney Int 2022; 101:945-962. [PMID: 34968553 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is a common characteristic of chronic kidney disease and while the large conductance voltage and calcium-activated potassium channel (BK) is widely expressed in kidneys, its role in kidney fibrosis is unknown. To evaluate this, we found that BK protein expression was decreased in the fibrotic kidneys. Accompanying this was increased fibrotic marker protein expression of fibronectin, vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin and increased mRNA expressions of fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen III and collagen I. These changes occurred in the unilateral ureteral obstruction and folic acid models of fibrosis and were more pronounced in BK knockout than in wild-type mice. Activation of BK activity by chemical NS1619 or BMS191011 channel openers attenuated kidney fibrosis in these two models while protecting kidney function in wild-type mice. BK deficiency up-regulated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/transcription factor Smad2/3 signaling in the fibrotic kidney, whereas activation of BK activity inhibited this signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. BK channel activation increased the degradation of TGF-β receptors induced by TGF-β1 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, in cell lines HK-2, NRK49, and NRK-52E, BK channel activation by NS1619 led to increased caveolae formation and facilitated localization of TGF-β receptors in the microdomains of lipid rafts. Thus, our data demonstrated that BK activation has an anti-fibrotic effect on kidney fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway through accelerating TGF-β receptor degradation via the caveolae route. Hence, our study provides innovative insight into BK as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of kidney fibrosis.
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Klinkhammer BM, Buchtler S, Djudjaj S, Bouteldja N, Palsson R, Edvardsson VO, Thorsteinsdottir M, Floege J, Mack M, Boor P. Current kidney function parameters overestimate kidney tissue repair in reversible experimental kidney disease. Kidney Int 2022; 102:307-320. [PMID: 35483527 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although underlying mechanisms and the clinical course of kidney disease progression are well described, less is known about potential disease reversibility. Therefore, to analyze kidney recovery, we adapted a commonly used murine chronic kidney disease (CKD) model of 2,8- dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) crystal-induced nephropathy to study disease recovery and efficacy of disease-modifying interventions. The recovery phase after CKD was characterized by improved kidney function after two weeks which remained stable thereafter. By contrast, even after eight weeks recovery, tubular injury and inflammation were only partially reduced and fibrosis persisted. Deep-learning-based histologic analysis of 8,604 glomeruli and 596,614 tubular cross sections revealed numerous tubules had undergone either prominent dilation or complete atrophy, leading to atubular glomeruli and irreversible nephron loss. We confirmed these findings in a second CKD model, reversible unilateral ureteral obstruction, in which a rapid improvement of glomerular filtration rate during recovery also did not reflect the permanent histologic kidney injury. In 2,8-DHA nephropathy, increased drinking volume was highly effective in disease prevention. However, in therapeutic approaches, high fluid intake was only effective in moderate but not severe CKD and established tissue injury was again poorly reflective of kidney function parameters. The injury was particularly localized in the medulla, which is often not analyzed. Thus, recovery after crystal- or obstruction-induced CKD is characterized by ongoing tissue injury, fibrosis, and nephron loss, but not reflected by standard measures of kidney function. Hence, our data might aid in designing kidney recovery studies and suggest the need for biomarkers specifically monitoring intra-kidney tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Buchtler
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Djudjaj
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nassim Bouteldja
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Runolfur Palsson
- Division of Nephrology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vidar Orn Edvardsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Children´s Medical Center, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Electron Microscopy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Activation of the ATX/LPA/LPARs axis induces a fibrotic response in skeletal muscle. Matrix Biol 2022; 109:121-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Rahman SR, Roper JA, Grove JI, Aithal GP, Pun KT, Bennett AJ. Integrins as a drug target in liver fibrosis. Liver Int 2022; 42:507-521. [PMID: 35048542 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the worldwide prevalence of chronic liver diseases is high and continuing to increase, there is an urgent need for treatment to prevent cirrhosis-related morbidity and mortality. Integrins are heterodimeric cell-surface proteins that are promising targets for therapeutic intervention. αv integrins are central in the development of fibrosis as they activate latent TGFβ, a known profibrogenic cytokine. The αv subunit can form heterodimers with β1, β3, β5, β6 or β8 subunits and one or more of these integrins are central to the development of liver fibrosis, however, their relative importance is not understood. This review summarises the current knowledge of αv integrins and their respective β subunits in different organs, with a focus on liver fibrosis and the emerging preclinical and clinical data with regards to αv integrin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syedia R Rahman
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,FRAME Alternatives Laboratory, Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James A Roper
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Jane I Grove
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - K Tao Pun
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Andrew J Bennett
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,FRAME Alternatives Laboratory, Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Zhou L, Ye Z, Zhang E, Chen L, Hou Y, Lin J, Huang F, Yuan Z. Co-Delivery of Dexamethasone and Captopril by α8 Integrin Antibodies Modified Liposome-PLGA Nanoparticle Hybrids for Targeted Anti-Inflammatory/Anti-Fibrosis Therapy of Glomerulonephritis. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1531-1547. [PMID: 35388271 PMCID: PMC8978694 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s347164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mesangial cells-mediated glomerulonephritis refers to a category of immunologically mediated glomerular injuries characterized by infiltration of circulating inflammatory cells, proliferation of mesangial cells, and the common pathological manifestation to the later stage is renal fibrosis, accompanied by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Treatment regimens include glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents, but their off-target distribution causes severe systemic toxicity. Hence, specific co-delivery of “anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrosis” drugs to the glomerular mesangial cell (MC) region is expected to produce better therapeutic effects. Methods A novel kidney-targeted nanocarrier drug delivery system targeting MCs was constructed using passive targeting resulting from the difference in pore size between the glomerular endothelial layer and the basement membrane, and active targeting based on the specific binding of antibodies and antigens. Specifically, a liposome-nanoparticle hybrid (PLGA-LNHy) was formed by coating the surface of PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) with a phospholipid bilayer, and then PLGA-LNHy was co-modified with PEG and α8 integrin antibodies to obtain PLGA immunoliposomes (PLGA-ILs). Results The results showed that the obtained NPs had a core-shell structure, uniform and suitable particle size (119.1 ± 2.31 nm), low cytotoxicity, and good mesangial cell-entry ability, which can successfully accumulate in the glomerular MC region. Both dexamethasone (DXMS) and captopril (CAP) were loaded onto PLGA-ILs with a drug loading of 10.22 ± 1.00% for DXMS and 6.37 ± 0.25% for CAP (DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs). In vivo pharmacodynamics showed that DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs can effectively improve the pathological changes in the mesangial area and positive expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in glomeruli as well as reduce the expression of inflammatory factors, fibrotic factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, renal inflammation and fibrosis were relieved. Conclusion We have provided a strategy to increase nanoparticle accumulation in MCs with the potential to implement regulatory effects of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis in glomerulonephritis (GN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Zhou
- Department of Osteoporosis, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyan Ye
- School of Clinical Medical; Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - E Zhang
- Officers college of PAP, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Osteoporosis, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yitong Hou
- Department of Osteoporosis, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - JuChun Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fenglan Huang
- Department of Osteoporosis, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Fenglan Huang, Email
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Bandara MS, Gurunayaka B, Lakraj G, Pallewatte A, Siribaddana S, Wansapura J. Ultrasound Based Radiomics Features of Chronic Kidney Disease. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:229-235. [PMID: 33589307 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Interstitial fibrosis, common to most chronic kidney diseases, can potentially affect the speckle patterns of kidney ultrasound (US). Here we use Radiomics features derived from US images to identify kidneys with chronic kidney disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS B-mode US without speckle reduction was performed on a cohort of CKD patients (n = 75) and healthy subjects (n = 27). Images of the patients with renal cysts, agenesis and calculi were excluded. After background subtraction, regions of interest were selected from each kidney. Four hundred and sixty-five Radiomics features including first and second-order gray level statistics were calculated on the selected regions. Second-order features were also calculated on wavelet transformed images. A random forest model was used to identify the most important features that can differentiate healthy and diseased kidneys. The ten most important features, based on the Gini index, were used to train a support vector machine. Synthetic minority oversampling technique was used to remove over fitting. RESULTS Wavelet transformed, Gray Level Run Length Matrix based Normalized Run Length Non-uniformity, WT (LH) (GRLN) was identified as the most significant feature in differentiating CKD and healthy kidneys (accuracy - 0.85, sensitivity - 1.0). The mean WT (LH) GRLN of healthy kidneys (0.40 ± 0.01) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that of the CKD kidneys (0.24 ± 0.01). According to the Gini Index, the differentiability of WT (LH) GRLN was highest when the long axis of the kidney was oriented perpendicular to the columns of the image matrix. CONCLUSION Radiomics features based on wavelet transformation are sensitive to directionality of US speckle patters and can be successfully used to differentiate CKD and healthy US kidney images.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Buddika Gurunayaka
- Department of Radiology, Teaching Hospital Anuradhapura, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Gamage Lakraj
- Department of Statistic, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Aruna Pallewatte
- Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Sisira Siribaddana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Janaka Wansapura
- Department of Physics, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX.
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Basist P, Parveen B, Zahiruddin S, Gautam G, Parveen R, Khan MA, Krishnan A, Shahid M, Ahmad S. Potential nephroprotective phytochemicals: Mechanism and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114743. [PMID: 34655670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kidney disease (KD) is one of the serious health issues, which causes worrisome morbidity and economic burden. Therapeutic strategies are available however majority of them are associated with severe adverse effects and poor patient compliance and adherence. This explorative article was undertaken to provide a holistic review of known nephroprotective (NP) phytoconstituents along with their research-based evidences on mechanism, sources, and clinical trials that may play essential role in prevention and cure of KD. AIM OF THE STUDY The present systematic review aimed to provide in-depth and better evidences of the global burden of KD, phytoconstituents as NP with emphasis on mechanism of action both in vitro and in vivo, their wide biological sources as well as their clinical efficacy in management of kidney disease and its related disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS Comprehensive information was searched systematically from electronic databases, namely, PubMed, Sciencedirect, Wiley, Scopus, Google scholar and Springer until February 2021 to find relevant data for publication on phytoconstituents with nephroprotective potential. RESULTS In total, 24,327 articles were screened in first search for "phytoconstituents and medicinal plants for nephroprotection and kidney disorder". On the basis of exclusion and inclusion criteria, 24,091 were excluded. Only 236 papers were spotted to have superlative quality data, which is appropriate under titles and sub-titles of the present review. The phytoconstituents having multiple research evidence along with wide number of medicinal plants sources and mechanism reported for nephroprotection have been selected and reviewed. CONCLUSION This review, based on pre-clinical and clinical data of NP phytoconstituents, provides scientific-basis for the rational discovery, development and utilization of these upcoming treatment practices. Further,-more clinical studies are warranted to improve the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic understanding of phytoconstituents. Also, more specific evaluation for natural sources is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parakh Basist
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Gaurav Gautam
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Anuja Krishnan
- Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago State University College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, 60423, USA
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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