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McGrath MS, Wentworth BJ. The Renin-Angiotensin System in Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5807. [PMID: 38891995 PMCID: PMC11172481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a complex homeostatic entity with multiorgan systemic and local effects. Traditionally, RAS works in conjunction with the kidney to control effective arterial circulation, systemic vascular resistance, and electrolyte balance. However, chronic hepatic injury and resulting splanchnic dilation may disrupt this delicate balance. The role of RAS in liver disease, however, is even more extensive, modulating hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension. Recognition of an alternative RAS pathway in the past few decades has changed our understanding of RAS in liver disease, and the concept of opposing vs. "rebalanced" forces is an ongoing focus of research. Whether RAS inhibition is beneficial in patients with chronic liver disease appears to be context-dependent, but further study is needed to optimize clinical management and reduce organ-specific morbidity and mortality. This review presents the current understanding of RAS in liver disease, acknowledges areas of uncertainty, and describes potential areas of future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S. McGrath
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
| | - Brian J. Wentworth
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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2
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Wisniewski P, Gangnus T, Burckhardt BB. Recent advances in the discovery and development of drugs targeting the kallikrein-kinin system. J Transl Med 2024; 22:388. [PMID: 38671481 PMCID: PMC11046790 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kallikrein-kinin system is a key regulatory cascade involved in blood pressure maintenance, hemostasis, inflammation and renal function. Currently, approved drugs remain limited to the rare disease hereditary angioedema. However, growing interest in this system is indicated by an increasing number of promising drug candidates for further indications. METHODS To provide an overview of current drug development, a two-stage literature search was conducted between March and December 2023 to identify drug candidates with targets in the kallikrein-kinin system. First, drug candidates were identified using PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov. Second, the latest publications/results for these compounds were searched in PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov and Google Scholar. The findings were categorized by target, stage of development, and intended indication. RESULTS The search identified 68 drugs, of which 10 are approved, 25 are in clinical development, and 33 in preclinical development. The three most studied indications included diabetic retinopathy, thromboprophylaxis and hereditary angioedema. The latter is still an indication for most of the drug candidates close to regulatory approval (3 out of 4). For the emerging indications, promising new drug candidates in clinical development are ixodes ricinus-contact phase inhibitor for thromboprophylaxis and RZ402 and THR-149 for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (all phase 2). CONCLUSION The therapeutic impact of targeting the kallikrein-kinin system is no longer limited to the treatment of hereditary angioedema. Ongoing research on other diseases demonstrates the potential of therapeutic interventions targeting the kallikrein-kinin system and will provide further treatment options for patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Wisniewski
- Individualized Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tanja Gangnus
- Individualized Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bjoern B Burckhardt
- Individualized Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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3
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Siregar S, Rulianov R, Ksatriapraja RA, Stefanus D. The role of angiotensin receptor blocker (losartan) on decreasing fibrotic process of corpora cavernosa in priapism model of wistar rats. F1000Res 2024; 11:831. [PMID: 38046538 PMCID: PMC10690033 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123040.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Priapism induces regulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression and collagen-type-1 deposition. This will replace the normal corpora cavernosa with fibrotic tissue which eventually resulted in erectile dysfunction. It is also known that the fibrosis process of corpora cavernosa is related to Renin-Angiotensin II System (RAS). Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), especially losartan, inhibit the inflammation process and fibrotic tissue formation. This study evaluated the effect of losartan in reducing fibrosis in priapism by evaluating TGF-β1 and collagen-type-1 in cavernous tissue and determined the effect of losartan in preventing fibrosis in priapism model of Wistar rats assessed by the metavir score. Methods A total of eighteen male Wistar rats mean were divided into five groups. For the priapism models, we applied negative pressure on the penis to make an artificial erection to mimic the priapism process. The control groups were observed and the treatment groups were orally given losartan 15 mg/kg/day. Corpora cavernosa was harvested for TGF-β1 and collagen-type-1 measurement using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The fibrotic tissue of each rat was then collected and assessed histopathologically with the metavir scoring system. Results Penile TGF-β1 concentration in the losartan-treated group was not significantly different on day 10 and day 28 of observation (p10=0,30; p28=0,17). Meanwhile, collagen-type-1 concentration was significantly lower compared to control group (p10=0,002; p28=0,01). There was a significant difference in metavir scores in rats that received losartan and those who did not (p<0,05). Conclusion Losartan could suppress the fibrosis process in the priapism model. It could decrease the collagen type 1 deposition during corpora cavernosa tissue regeneration. Based on the metavir score, the group receiving losartan therapy was better than the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safendra Siregar
- Department of Urology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | - Rulianov Rulianov
- Department of Urology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | | | - Dicky Stefanus
- Department of Urology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
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Martins L, Amorim WW, Gregnani MF, de Carvalho Araújo R, Qadri F, Bader M, Pesquero JB. Kinin receptors regulate skeletal muscle regeneration: differential effects for B1 and B2 receptors. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1583-1601. [PMID: 37464053 PMCID: PMC10499706 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN After traumatic skeletal muscle injury, muscle healing is often incomplete and produces extensive fibrosis. Bradykinin (BK) reduces fibrosis in renal and cardiac damage models through the B2 receptor. The B1 receptor expression is induced by damage, and blocking of the kallikrein-kinin system seems to affect the progression of muscular dystrophy. We hypothesized that both kinin B1 and B2 receptors could play a differential role after traumatic muscle injury, and the lack of the B1 receptor could produce more cellular and molecular substrates for myogenesis and fewer substrates for fibrosis, leading to better muscle healing. MATERIAL AND METHODS To test this hypothesis, tibialis anterior muscles of kinin receptor knockout animals were subjected to traumatic injury. Myogenesis, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and muscle functioning were evaluated. RESULTS Injured B1KO mice showed a faster healing progression of the injured area with a larger amount of central nucleated fiber post-injury when compared to control mice. In addition, they exhibited higher neovasculogenic capacity, maintaining optimal tissue perfusion for the post-injury phase; had higher amounts of myogenic markers with less inflammatory infiltrate and tissue destruction. This was followed by higher amounts of SMAD7 and lower amounts of p-SMAD2/3, which resulted in less fibrosis. In contrast, B2KO and B1B2KO mice showed more severe tissue destruction and excessive fibrosis. B1KO animals had better results in post-injury functional tests compared to control animals. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that injured skeletal muscle tissues have a better repair capacity with less fibrosis in the presence of B2 receptor and absence of B1 receptor, including better performances in functional tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Martins
- Division of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences (IMB-PAN), 3a Tylna St., 90-364, Łódź, Poland.
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, 4th Floor, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil.
| | - Weslley Wallace Amorim
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fernandes Gregnani
- Laboratory of Exercise Genetics and Metabolism, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Carvalho Araújo
- Laboratory of Exercise Genetics and Metabolism, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785, Berlin, Germany
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil.
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 6th Floor, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil.
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Wong HH, Seet SH, Bascom CC, Isfort RJ, Bard F. Tonic repression of Collagen I by the Bradykinin receptor 2 in skin fibroblasts. Matrix Biol 2023; 118:110-128. [PMID: 36924903 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance of collagen I expression results in severe pathologies. Apart from activation by the TGFβ-receptor/Smad pathway, control of collagen I expression remains poorly understood. Here, we used human dermal fibroblasts expressing a mCherry fluorescent protein driven by endogenous COL1A1 promoter to functionally screen the kinome and phosphatome. We identify 8 negative regulators, revealing that collagen is under tonic repression. The cell surface receptor BDKRB2 represses collagen I and other pro-fibrotic genes. Interestingly, it also promotes other basal membrane ECM genes. This function is independent of the natural ligand, bradykinin, and of SMAD2/3 factors, instead requiring constant ERK1/2 repression. TGFβ stimulation induces rapid BDKRB2 transcriptional downregulation. Human fibrotic fibroblasts have reduced BDKRB2 levels and enhancing its expression in keloid fibroblasts represses COL1A1. We propose that tonic signalling by BDKRB2 prevents collagen overproduction in skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hui Wong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673
| | - Sze Hwee Seet
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673
| | - Charles C Bascom
- The Procter & Gamble Company, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Cincinnati, OH 45040, USA
| | - Robert J Isfort
- The Procter & Gamble Company, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Cincinnati, OH 45040, USA
| | - Frederic Bard
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673; Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2021, 13009, Marseille, France..
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6
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Rampa DR, Feng H, Allur-Subramaniyan S, Shim K, Pekcec A, Lee D, Doods H, Wu D. Kinin B1 receptor blockade attenuates hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension in chronic liver diseases in mice. J Transl Med 2022; 20:590. [PMID: 36514072 PMCID: PMC9746183 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Kinin B1 receptors (B1Rs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. This study examined the anti-fibrotic effects of B1R blockade with BI 113823 in two established mouse models of hepatic fibrosis induced by intraperitoneal carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection or bile duct ligation (BDL). The mechanisms underlying the protection afforded by B1R inhibition were examined using human peripheral blood cells and LX2 human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). METHODS Fibrotic liver diseases were induced in mice by intraperitoneal carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection for 6 weeks, and by bile duct ligation (BDL) for 3 weeks, respectively. Mice received daily treatment of vehicle or BI 113823 (B1R antagonist) from onset of the experiment until the end of the study. RESULTS B1Rs were strongly induced in fibrotic mouse liver. BI 113823 significantly attenuated liver fibrosis and portal hypertension (PH), and improved survival in both CCl4 and BDL mice. BI 113823 significantly reduced the expression of fibrotic proteins α-SMA, collagens 1, 3, 4, and profibrotic growth factors PDGF, TGFβ, CTGF, VEGF, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; and reduced hepatic Akt phosphorylation in CCl4- and BDL-induced liver fibrosis. BI 113823 also reduced expression of Cytokines IL-1, IL-6; chemokines MCP-1, MCP-3 and infiltration of inflammatory cells; and inhibited human monocyte and neutrophil activation, transmigration, TNF-α & MPO production in vitro. BI 113823 inhibited TGF-β and B1R agonist-stimulated human-HSC activation, contraction, proliferation, migration and fibrosis protein expression, and inhibited activation of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS B1Rs merits consideration as a novel therapeutic target for chronic liver fibrosis and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Reddy Rampa
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Bio-Nanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Huiying Feng
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Bio-Nanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sivakumar Allur-Subramaniyan
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Animal Biotechnology & Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Kwanseob Shim
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Animal Biotechnology & Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Anton Pekcec
- grid.420061.10000 0001 2171 7500Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Dongwon Lee
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Bio-Nanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Henri Doods
- grid.420061.10000 0001 2171 7500Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Dongmei Wu
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Bio-Nanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea ,grid.410396.90000 0004 0430 4458Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL USA
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7
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Rex DAB, Deepak K, Vaid N, Dagamajalu S, Kandasamy RK, Flo TH, Keshava Prasad TS. A modular map of Bradykinin-mediated inflammatory signaling network. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:301-310. [PMID: 34714516 PMCID: PMC8554507 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin, a member of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), is associated with an inflammatory response pathway with diverse vascular permeability functions, including thrombosis and blood coagulation. In majority, bradykinin signals through Bradykinin Receptor B2 (B2R). B2R is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) coupled to G protein family such as Gαqs, Gαq/Gα11, Gαi1, and Gβ1γ2. B2R stimulation leads to the activation of a signaling cascade of downstream molecules such as phospholipases, protein kinase C, Ras/Raf-1/MAPK, and PI3K/AKT and secondary messengers such as inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate, diacylglycerol and Ca2+ ions. These secondary messengers modulate the production of nitric oxide or prostaglandins. Bradykinin-mediated signaling is implicated in inflammation, chronic pain, vasculopathy, neuropathy, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Despite the biomedical importance of bradykinin, a resource of bradykinin-mediated signaling pathway is currently not available. Here, we developed a pathway resource of signaling events mediated by bradykinin. By employing data mining strategies in the published literature, we describe an integrated pathway reaction map of bradykinin consisting of 233 reactions. Bradykinin signaling pathway events included 25 enzyme catalysis reactions, 12 translocations, 83 activation/inhibition reactions, 11 molecular associations, 45 protein expression and 57 gene regulation events. The pathway map is made publicly available on the WikiPathways Database with the ID URL: https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP5132. The bradykinin-mediated signaling pathway map will facilitate the identification of novel candidates as therapeutic targets for diseases associated with dysregulated bradykinin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A B Rex
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - K Deepak
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Neelanchal Vaid
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Richard Kumaran Kandasamy
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Trude Helen Flo
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
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8
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Bernasconi R, Thriene K, Romero‐Fernández E, Gretzmeier C, Kühl T, Maler M, Nauroy P, Kleiser S, Rühl‐Muth A, Stumpe M, Kiritsi D, Martin SF, Hinz B, Bruckner‐Tuderman L, Dengjel J, Nyström A. Pro-inflammatory immunity supports fibrosis advancement in epidermolysis bullosa: intervention with Ang-(1-7). EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14392. [PMID: 34459121 PMCID: PMC8495454 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), a genetic skin blistering disease, is a paradigmatic condition of tissue fragility-driven multi-organ fibrosis. Here, longitudinal analyses of the tissue proteome through the course of naturally developing disease in RDEB mice revealed that increased pro-inflammatory immunity associates with fibrosis evolution. Mechanistically, this fibrosis is a consequence of altered extracellular matrix organization rather than that of increased abundance of major structural proteins. In a humanized system of disease progression, we targeted inflammatory cell fibroblast communication with Ang-(1-7)-an anti-inflammatory heptapeptide of the renin-angiotensin system, which reduced the fibrosis-evoking aptitude of RDEB cells. In vivo, systemic administration of Ang-(1-7) efficiently attenuated progression of multi-organ fibrosis and increased survival of RDEB mice. Collectively, our study shows that selective down-modulation of pro-inflammatory immunity may mitigate injury-induced fibrosis. Furthermore, together with published data, our data highlight molecular diversity among fibrotic conditions. Both findings have direct implications for the design of therapies addressing skin fragility and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Bernasconi
- Department of DermatologyMedical FacultyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Kerstin Thriene
- Department of DermatologyMedical FacultyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Elena Romero‐Fernández
- Department of DermatologyMedical FacultyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- University Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Christine Gretzmeier
- Department of DermatologyMedical FacultyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Tobias Kühl
- Department of DermatologyMedical FacultyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Essen University HospitalEssenGermany
| | - Mareike Maler
- Department of DermatologyMedical FacultyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Pauline Nauroy
- Department of DermatologyMedical FacultyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Svenja Kleiser
- Department of DermatologyMedical FacultyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Anne‐Catherine Rühl‐Muth
- Department of DermatologyMedical FacultyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Michael Stumpe
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- Department of DermatologyMedical FacultyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Department of DermatologyMedical FacultyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and RegenerationFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Leena Bruckner‐Tuderman
- Department of DermatologyMedical FacultyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of DermatologyMedical FacultyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of DermatologyMedical FacultyMedical Center – University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS)University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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9
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Ahmed IA, Jaffa MA, Moussa M, Hatem D, El-Achkar GA, Al Sayegh R, Karam M, Hamade E, Habib A, Jaffa AA. Plasma Kallikrein as a Modulator of Liver Injury/Remodeling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715111. [PMID: 34566641 PMCID: PMC8458624 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and persistence of hepatic injury which arises from cell death and inflammation result in liver disease. The processes that lead to liver injury progression and resolution are still not fully delineated. The plasma kallikrein-kinin system (PKKS) has been shown to play diverse functions in coagulation, tissue injury, and inflammation, but its role in liver injury has not been defined yet. In this study, we have characterized the role of the PKKS at various stages of liver injury in mice, as well as the direct effects of plasma kallikrein on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Histological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression analyses were utilized to assess cell injury on inflammatory and fibrotic factors. Acute liver injury triggered by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection resulted in significant upregulation of the plasma kallikrein gene (Klkb1) and was highly associated with the high mobility group box 1 gene, the marker of cell death (r = 0.75, p < 0.0005, n = 7). In addition, increased protein expression of plasma kallikrein was observed as clusters around necrotic areas. Plasma kallikrein treatment significantly increased the proliferation of CCl4-induced HepG2 cells and induced a significant increase in the gene expression of the thrombin receptor (protease activated receptor-1), interleukin 1 beta, and lectin–galactose binding soluble 3 (galectin-3) (p < 0.05, n = 4). Temporal variations in the stages of liver fibrosis were associated with an increase in the mRNA levels of bradykinin receptors: beta 1 and 2 genes (p < 0.05; n = 3–10). In conclusion, these findings indicate that plasma kallikrein may play diverse roles in liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis, and suggest that plasma kallikrein may be a target for intervention in the states of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Miran A Jaffa
- Epidemiology and Population Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mayssam Moussa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Duaa Hatem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,Section of Pharmacology, Department of Bioethics and Safety, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ghewa A El-Achkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rola Al Sayegh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, and Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mia Karam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eva Hamade
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aida Habib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, and Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ayad A Jaffa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
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Ahmed LA, Abdou FY, El Fiky AA, Shaaban EA, Ain-Shoka AA. Bradykinin-Potentiating Activity of a Gamma-Irradiated Bioactive Fraction Isolated from Scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus) Venom in Rats with Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity: Favorable Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory, Fibrogenic and Apoptotic Pathways. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:127-141. [PMID: 32860604 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although doxorubicin (Dox) is a backbone of chemotherapy, the search for an effective and safe therapy to revoke Dox-induced acute cardiotoxicity remains a critical matter in cardiology and oncology. The current study was the first to explore the probable protective effects of native and gamma-irradiated fractions with bradykinin-potentiating activity (BPA) isolated from scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus) venom against Dox-induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats. Native or irradiated fractions (1 μg/g) were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) twice per week for 3 weeks, and Dox (15 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered on day 21 at 1 h after the last native or irradiated fraction treatment. Electrocardiographic (ECG) aberrations were ameliorated in the Dox-treated rats pretreated with the native fraction, and the irradiated fraction provided greater amelioration of ECG changes than that of the native fraction. The group pretreated with native protein with BPA also exhibited significant improvements in the levels of oxidative stress-related, inflammatory, angiogenic, fibrogenic, and apoptotic markers compared with those of the Dox group. Notably, the irradiated fraction restored these biomarkers to their normal levels. Additionally, the irradiated fraction ameliorated Dox-induced histological changes and alleviated the severity of cardiac injury to a greater extent than that of the native fraction. In conclusion, the gamma-irradiated detoxified fraction of scorpion venom elicited a better cardioprotective effect than that of the native fraction against Dox-induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Y Abdou
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abir A El Fiky
- ANDI Center of Excellence in Antivenom Research, Vacsera, Egypt
| | - Esmat A Shaaban
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afaf A Ain-Shoka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Nassar AY, Mahgoub SA, Omar HEDM, Bakkar SM, Osman AA. Comparative ameliorative actions of extracted bradykinin potentiating fraction from cobra snake venom and synthetic antioxidants on hepatic tissue of aflatoxicosed rats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1850459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Y. Nassar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safaa A. Mahgoub
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sally M. Bakkar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A. Osman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Cairo, Egypt
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Roles of the Hepatic Endocannabinoid and Apelin Systems in the Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111311. [PMID: 31653030 PMCID: PMC6912778 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the consequence of an unresolved wound healing process in response to chronic liver injury and involves multiple cell types and molecular mechanisms. The hepatic endocannabinoid and apelin systems are two signalling pathways with a substantial role in the liver fibrosis pathophysiology-both are upregulated in patients with advanced liver disease. Endogenous cannabinoids are lipid-signalling molecules derived from arachidonic acid involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular dysfunction, portal hypertension, liver fibrosis, and other processes associated with hepatic disease through their interactions with the CB1 and CB2 receptors. Apelin is a peptide that participates in cardiovascular and renal functions, inflammation, angiogenesis, and hepatic fibrosis through its interaction with the APJ receptor. The endocannabinoid and apelin systems are two of the multiple cell-signalling pathways involved in the transformation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblast like cells, the main matrix-producing cells in liver fibrosis. The mechanisms underlying the control of hepatic stellate cell activity are coincident despite the marked dissimilarities between the endocannabinoid and apelin signalling pathways. This review discusses the current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which the hepatic endocannabinoid and apelin systems play a significant role in the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis.
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Ventura PDS, Carvalho CPF, Barros NMT, Martins-Silva L, Dantas EO, Martinez C, Melo PMS, Pesquero JB, Carmona AK, Nagaoka MR, Gazarini ML. Malaria infection promotes a selective expression of kinin receptors in murine liver. Malar J 2019; 18:213. [PMID: 31234939 PMCID: PMC6591901 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria represents a worldwide medical emergency affecting mainly poor areas. Plasmodium parasites during blood stages can release kinins to the extracellular space after internalization of host kininogen inside erythrocytes and these released peptides could represent an important mechanism in liver pathophysiology by activation of calcium signaling pathway in endothelial cells of vertebrate host. Receptors (B1 and B2) activated by kinins peptides are important elements for the control of haemodynamics in liver and its physiology. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the liver host responses (i.e. kinin receptors expression and localization) and the effect of ACE inhibition during malaria infection using a murine model. METHODS Balb/C mice infected by Plasmodium chabaudi were treated with captopril, an angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used alone or in association with the anti-malarial chloroquine in order to study the effect of ACE inhibition on mice survival and the activation of liver responses involving B1R and B2R signaling pathways. The kinin receptors (B1R and B2R) expression and localization was analysed in liver by western blotting and immunolocalization in different conditions. RESULTS It was verified that captopril treatment caused host death during the peak of malaria infection (parasitaemia about 45%). B1R expression was stimulated in endothelial cells of sinusoids and other blood vessels of mice liver infected by P. chabaudi. At the same time, it was also demonstrated that B1R knockout mice infected presented a significant reduction of survival. However, the infection did not alter the B2R levels and localization in liver blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS Thus, it was observed through in vivo studies that the vasodilation induced by plasma ACE inhibition increases mice mortality during P. chabaudi infection. Besides, it was also seen that the anti-malarial chloroquine causes changes in B1R expression in liver, even after days of parasite clearance. The differential expression of B1R and B2R in liver during malaria infection may have an important role in the disease pathophysiology and represents an issue for clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla D S Ventura
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Lab 329, 3ºandar, Vila Mathias, Santos, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Carolina P F Carvalho
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Lab 329, 3ºandar, Vila Mathias, Santos, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Nilana M T Barros
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | | | - Edilson O Dantas
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Martinez
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Lab 329, 3ºandar, Vila Mathias, Santos, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Pollyana M S Melo
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João B Pesquero
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana K Carmona
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia R Nagaoka
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Lab 329, 3ºandar, Vila Mathias, Santos, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Marcos L Gazarini
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Lab 329, 3ºandar, Vila Mathias, Santos, 11015020, Brazil.
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The comparative efficacy of renin-angiotensin system blockers in schistosomal hepatic fibrosis. Exp Parasitol 2018; 191:9-18. [PMID: 29890165 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis mansoni is involved in hepatic fibrogenesis and portal hypertension. Previous studies proved that blockade of some components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) reduce liver fibrogenesis. However, the effects of inhibition of early stages of RAS pathway in schistosomal fibrosis have not been studied yet. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the role of different antihypertensive drugs on hepatic fibrosis in murine schistosomiasis. BALB/c mice (n = 50) weighing 20g were subjected to inoculation of 50 cercariae and submitted to different treatments: aliskiren, 50 mg/kg (n = 10); bradykinin, 2 μg/kg (n = 5); losartan, 10 mg/kg (n = 10); lisinopril 10 mg/kg (n = 5) and control, proportional volume vehicle (n = 5); daily for 14 weeks. Six animals were not subjected to cercariae inoculation or any type of treatment. Ultrasound, histological, immunohistochemical and proteomic analyzes were performed to evaluate markers associated with hepatic fibrogenesis. The hepatic areas stained with Sirius red and thenumber of cells marked by α-SMA in animals treated with aliskiren, bradykinin, lisinopril and losartan were diminished when compared to control group, demonstrating reduced hepatic fibrosis after RAS blockade. These results were reinforced by ultrasonography analysis and protein expression of TGFβ. These findings demonstrated the effect of RAS inhibition on hepatic fibrosis in murine schistosomiasis, with the most evident results being observed in the losartan and aliskiren treated groups. The main mechanisms underlying this process appear to involve anti-fibrogenic activity through the inhibition of collagen and TGFβ synthesis.
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Acuña MJ, Salas D, Córdova-Casanova A, Cruz-Soca M, Céspedes C, Vio CP, Brandan E. Blockade of Bradykinin receptors worsens the dystrophic phenotype of mdx mice: differential effects for B1 and B2 receptors. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:589-601. [PMID: 29250740 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kallikrein Kinin System (KKS) is a vasoactive peptide system with known functions in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, renal function and blood pressure. The main effector peptide of KKS is Bradykinin (BK). This ligand has two receptors: a constitutive B2 receptor (B2R), which has been suggested to have anti-fibrotic effects in renal and cardiac models of fibrosis; and the inducible B1 receptor (B1R), whose expression is induced by damage and inflammation. Inflammation and fibrosis are hallmarks of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), therefore we hypothesized that the KKS may play a role in this disease. To evaluate this hypothesis we used the mdx mouse a model for DMD. We blocked the endogenous activity of the KKS by treating mdx mice with B2R antagonist (HOE-140) or B1R antagonist (DesArgLeu8BK (DALBK)) for four weeks. Both antagonists increased damage, fibrosis, TGF-β and Smad-dependent signaling, CTGF/CCN-2 levels as well as the number of CD68 positive inflammatory cells. B2R blockade also reduced isolated muscle contraction force. These results indicate that the endogenous KKS has a protective role in the dystrophic muscle. The KKS may be a new target for future therapies to reduce inflammation and fibrosis in dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Acuña
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC y Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Salas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC y Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adriana Córdova-Casanova
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC y Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Meilyn Cruz-Soca
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC y Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Céspedes
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC y Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos P Vio
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC y Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile. .,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC y Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile. .,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
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Salman MMA, Kotb AM, Haridy MAM, Hammad S. Hepato- and nephroprotective effects of bradykinin potentiating factor from scorpion (Buthus occitanus) venom on mercuric chloride-treated rats. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:807-816. [PMID: 28337111 PMCID: PMC5318677 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides such as bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF), have, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and ameliorative effects in chronic diseases and play a potential role in cancer prevention. It is known that the liver and kidney accumulate inorganic mercury upon exposure, which often leads to mercury intoxication in these organs. In this study, we investigated the effect of bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF), a scorpion venom peptide, on mercuric chloride-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. We used 20 adult male Albino rats divided into four equal groups: the first group was injected with saline (control); the second group was administered daily with mercuric chloride (HgCl2) for 2 weeks; the third group was administered with BPF twice weekly for 2 successive weeks, while the fourth group was exposed to BPF followed by HgCl2. We observed that HgCl2 treated rats had a significant increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine and urea levels compared to control. Furthermore, HgCl2 treated rats showed a marked decrease in total proteins, albumin and uric acids compared to control. The previously studied parameters were not significantly changed in BPF pretreated rats compared to control. Moreover, a significant decrease in the activities of glutathione perioxidase (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), in addition to a significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in hepatic and renal tissues of rats after HgCl2 treatment. In contrast, the HgCl2/BPF treated rats showed a significant elevation in the activity of GSH, SOD, and CAT accompanied with a significant regression in the level of MDA compared to the HgCl2 exposed rats. We conclude that treatment with BPF is a promising prophylactic approach for the management of mercuric chloride-induced hepato- and nephro-toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M A Salman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Kotb
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohie A M Haridy
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Molecular Hepatology - Alcohol Associated Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
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Integrative miRNA and Gene Expression Profiling Analysis of Human Quiescent Hepatic Stellate Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11549. [PMID: 26096707 PMCID: PMC4476106 DOI: 10.1038/srep11549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unveiling the regulatory pathways maintaining hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in a quiescent (q) phenotype is essential to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat fibrogenic diseases. To uncover the miRNA-mRNA regulatory interactions in qHSCs, HSCs were FACS-sorted from healthy livers and activated HSCs (aHSCs) were generated in vitro. MiRNA Taqman array analysis showed HSCs expressed a low number of miRNAs (n = 259), from which 47 were down-regulated and 212 up-regulated upon activation. Computational integration of miRNA and gene expression profiles revealed that 66% of qHSC-associated miRNAs correlated with more than 6 altered target mRNAs (17,28 ± 10,7 targets/miRNA) whereas aHSC-associated miRNAs had an average of 1,49 targeted genes. Interestingly, interaction networks generated by miRNA-targeted genes in qHSCs were associated with key HSC activation processes. Next, selected miRNAs were validated in healthy and cirrhotic human livers and miR-192 was chosen for functional analysis. Down-regulation of miR-192 in HSCs was found to be an early event during fibrosis progression in mouse models of liver injury. Moreover, mimic assays for miR-192 in HSCs revealed its role in HSC activation, proliferation and migration. Together, these results uncover the importance of miRNAs in the maintenance of the qHSC phenotype and form the basis for understanding the regulatory networks in HSCs.
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Trepte CJ, Haas SA, Nitzschke R, Salzwedel C, Goetz AE, Reuter DA. Prediction of Volume-Responsiveness During One-Lung Ventilation: A Comparison of Static, Volumetric, and Dynamic Parameters of Cardiac Preload. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2013; 27:1094-100. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Klopfleisch R. Multiparametric and semiquantitative scoring systems for the evaluation of mouse model histopathology--a systematic review. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:123. [PMID: 23800279 PMCID: PMC3693904 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histopathology has initially been and is still used to diagnose infectious, degenerative or neoplastic diseases in humans or animals. In addition to qualitative diagnoses semiquantitative scoring of a lesion`s magnitude on an ordinal scale is a commonly demanded task for histopathologists. Multiparametric, semiquantitative scoring systems for mouse models histopathology are a common approach to handle these questions and to include histopathologic information in biomedical research. RESULTS Inclusion criteria for scoring systems were a first description of a multiparametric, semiquantiative scoring systems which comprehensibly describe an approach to evaluate morphologic lesion. A comprehensive literature search using these criteria identified 153 originally designed semiquantitative scoring systems for the analysis of morphologic changes in mouse models covering almost all organs systems and a wide variety of disease models. Of these, colitis, experimental autoimmune encephalitis, lupus nephritis and collagen induced osteoarthritis colitis were the disease models with the largest number of different scoring systems. Closer analysis of the identified scoring systems revealed a lack of a rationale for the selection of the scoring parameters or a correlation between scoring parameter value and the magnitude of the clinical symptoms in most studies. CONCLUSION Although a decision for a particular scoring system is clearly dependent on the respective scientific question this review gives an overview on currently available systems and may therefore allow for a better choice for the respective project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Klopfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Altered glucose homeostasis and hepatic function in obese mice deficient for both kinin receptor genes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40573. [PMID: 22829877 PMCID: PMC3400662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kallikrein-Kinin System (KKS) has been implicated in several aspects of metabolism, including the regulation of glucose homeostasis and adiposity. Kinins and des-Arg-kinins are the major effectors of this system and promote their effects by binding to two different receptors, the kinin B2 and B1 receptors, respectively. To understand the influence of the KKS on the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), we generated an animal model deficient for both kinin receptor genes and leptin (obB1B2KO). Six-month-old obB1B2KO mice showed increased blood glucose levels. Isolated islets of the transgenic animals were more responsive to glucose stimulation releasing greater amounts of insulin, mainly in 3-month-old mice, which was corroborated by elevated serum C-peptide concentrations. Furthermore, they presented hepatomegaly, pronounced steatosis, and increased levels of circulating transaminases. This mouse also demonstrated exacerbated gluconeogenesis during the pyruvate challenge test. The hepatic abnormalities were accompanied by changes in the gene expression of factors linked to glucose and lipid metabolisms in the liver. Thus, we conclude that kinin receptors are important for modulation of insulin secretion and for the preservation of normal glucose levels and hepatic functions in obese mice, suggesting a protective role of the KKS regarding complications associated with obesity and T2DM.
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Wei CC, Chen Y, Powell LC, Zheng J, Shi K, Bradley WE, Powell PC, Ahmad S, Ferrario CM, Dell'Italia LJ. Cardiac kallikrein-kinin system is upregulated in chronic volume overload and mediates an inflammatory induced collagen loss. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40110. [PMID: 22768235 PMCID: PMC3387019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical problem of a “pure volume overload” as in isolated mitral or aortic regurgitation currently has no documented medical therapy that attenuates collagen loss and the resultant left ventricular (LV) dilatation and failure. Here, we identify a potential mechanism related to upregulation of the kallikrein-kinin system in the volume overload of aortocaval fistula (ACF) in the rat. Methodology/Principal Findings LV interstitial fluid (ISF) collection, hemodynamics, and echocardiography were performed in age-matched shams and 4 and 15 wk ACF rats. ACF rats had LV dilatation and a 2-fold increase in LV end-diastolic pressure, along with increases in LV ISF bradykinin, myocardial kallikrein and bradykinin type-2 receptor (BK2R) mRNA expression. Mast cell numbers were increased and interstitial collagen was decreased at 4 and 15 wk ACF, despite increases in LV ACE and chymase activities. Treatment with the kallikrein inhibitor aprotinin preserved interstitial collagen, prevented the increase in mast cells, and improved LV systolic function at 4 wk ACF. To establish a cause and effect between ISF bradykinin and mast cell-mediated collagen loss, direct LV interstitial bradykinin infusion in vivo for 24 hrs produced a 2-fold increase in mast cell numbers and a 30% decrease in interstitial collagen, which were prevented by BK2R antagonist. To further connect myocardial stretch with cellular kallikrein-kinin system upregulation, 24 hrs cyclic stretch of adult cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts produced increased kallikrein, BK2R mRNA expressions, bradykinin protein and gelatinase activity, which were all decreased by the kallikrein inhibitor-aprotinin. Conclusions/Significance A pure volume overload is associated with upregulation of the kallikrein-kinin system and ISF bradykinin, which mediates mast cell infiltration, extracellular matrix loss, and LV dysfunction–all of which are improved by kallikrein inhibition. The current investigation provides important new insights into future potential medical therapies for the volume overload of aortic and mitral regurgitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chang Wei
- Birmingham Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.
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Bagnaresi P, Barros NM, Assis DM, Melo PM, Fonseca RG, Juliano MA, Pesquero JB, Juliano L, Rosenthal PJ, Carmona AK, Gazarini ML. Intracellular proteolysis of kininogen by malaria parasites promotes release of active kinins. Malar J 2012; 11:156. [PMID: 22564457 PMCID: PMC3407703 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The malaria burden remains a major public health concern, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The complex biology of Plasmodium, the apicomplexan parasite responsible for this disease, challenges efforts to develop new strategies to control the disease. Proteolysis is a fundamental process in the metabolism of malaria parasites, but roles for proteases in generating vasoactive peptides have not previously been explored. Results In the present work, it was demonstrated by mass spectrometry analysis that Plasmodium parasites (Plasmodium chabaudi and Plasmodium falciparum) internalize and process plasma kininogen, thereby releasing vasoactive kinins (Lys-BK, BK and des-Arg9-BK) that may mediate haemodynamic alterations during acute malaria. In addition, it was demonstrated that the P. falciparum cysteine proteases falcipain-2 and falcipain-3 generated kinins after incubation with human kininogen, suggesting that these enzymes have an important role in this process. The biologic activity of peptides released by Plasmodium parasites was observed by measuring ileum contraction and activation of kinin receptors (B1 and B2) in HUVEC cells; the peptides elicited an increase in intracellular calcium, measured by Fluo-3 AM fluorescence. This effect was suppressed by the specific receptor antagonists Des-Arg9[Leu8]-BK and HOE-140. Conclusions In previously undescribed means of modulating host physiology, it was demonstrated that malaria parasites can generate active kinins by proteolysis of plasma kininogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Bagnaresi
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 7 andar, 04039-032, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Marine collagen peptides (MCP) have been reported to exhibit antioxidative activity, which is the common property of numerous hepatoprotective agents. Previous studies have shown that MCP have biological functions including anti-hypertension, anti-ulcer, anti-skin ageing and extending the life span. However, its role in alcoholic liver injury remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of MCP on early alcoholic liver injury in rats. Rats were administered with alcohol at a dose of 6 g/kg body weight intragastrically per d to induce early liver injury, which was then evaluated by serum markers and histopathological examination. Treatment with MCP could reverse the increased level of serum aminotransferase and reduce hepatic histological damage. In addition, MCP attenuated the alteration in serum superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels. MCP also counteracted the increased levels of total cholesterol and TAG. However, no significant difference was observed in the contents of alcohol dehydrogenase both in liver and serum protein of rats. These findings suggest that MCP have a protective effect on early alcoholic liver injury in rats by their antioxidative activity and improving lipid metabolism.
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Bekheet SHM, Awadalla EA, Salman MM, Hassan MK. Bradykinin potentiating factor isolated from Buthus occitanus venom has a protective effect against cadmium-induced rat liver and kidney damage. Tissue Cell 2011; 43:337-43. [PMID: 21862094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin and its related peptides are widely distributed in venomous animals, including scorpion. A peptide fraction isolated from the venom of the Egyptian scorpion Buthus occitanus was proved to have a bradykinin-potentiating activity. The aim of the present study was conducted to investigate whether the treatment with bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) offers more beneficial effects in reversing cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat liver and kidney. Adult male rats, equally divided into control and two treated groups, 10 animals in each group. group (I) was orally given (1 ml) saline and served as a control group; group (II) of rats was given cadmium chloride (4 mg/kg) alone, once daily an oral dose for 7 successive days; group (III) of rats was given ip injection (1 ml) BPF, once daily a dose for 7 successive days prior to CdCl(2) treatment and on the next 7 successive days with the same dose of cadmium as group II. Both organs were subjected to histopathological analysis with the light microscope. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were measured as indicators of the liver function. As parameters of the kidney function, creatinine, uric acid and urea concentrations in serum were determined. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined in both tissues. Cd exposure caused a significant decrease or inhibition in the activities of GSH, SOD, and CAT, with significant increase in the level of MDA, in versus to control groups in both liver and kidney. Also, when Cd was treated in co-administration with BPF induced increase or stimulation in the activity of GSH, SOD, and CAT, with significant decrease in the level of MDA when compared to Cd group in both organs. Histopathological changes of liver and kidney were also in accordance with the biochemical findings. Our data showed that Cd treatment induced histopathological alteration in the liver, severe hydropic degeneration in centrolobular zones. Inflammatory cells infiltration around the congested central vein and an obvious injury in some renal tubules. Bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) administration prevented the histopathological alterations which observed in Cd-groups and both liver and kidney had essentially normal appearance in histopathological examination. In conclusion, BPF markedly ameliorated cadmium-induced liver and kidney tissue damage as evidenced by histological and biochemical examinations and acts as a potent scavenger of free radicals to protect the liver and kidney against the deleterious effect of acute cadmium intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad H M Bekheet
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan, South Valley University, Egypt.
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Bahde R, Kebschull L, Stöppeler S, Zibert A, Siaj R, Hölzen JP, Minin E, Schmidt HHJ, Spiegel HU, Palmes D. Role of angiotensin-1 receptor blockade in cirrhotic liver resection. Liver Int 2011; 31:642-55. [PMID: 21457437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regeneration capacity of cirrhotic livers might be affected by angiotensin-1 (AT1) receptors located on hepatic stellate cells (HSC). The effect of AT1 receptor blockade on microcirculation, fibrosis and liver regeneration was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 112 Lewis rats, cirrhosis was induced by repetitive intraperitoneal injections of CCl(4) . Six hours, 3, 7 and 14 days after partial hepatectomy or sham operation, rats were sacrificed for analysis. Animals were treated with either vehicle or 5 mg/kg body weight losartan pre-operatively and once daily after surgery by gavage. Microcirculation and portal vein flow were investigated at 6 h. The degree of cirrhosis was assessed by Azan Heidenhein staining, activation of HSC by desmin staining, apoptosis by ssDNA detection and liver regeneration by Ki-67 staining. Changes in expression of various genes important for liver regeneration and fibrosis were analysed at 6 h and 3 days. Haemodynamic parameters and liver enzymes were monitored. RESULTS Losartan treatment increased sinusoidal diameter, sinusoidal blood flow and portal vein flow after partial hepatectomy (P<0.05), but not after sham operation. AT1 receptor blockade resulted in increased apoptosis early after resection. HSC activation was reduced and after 7 days, a significantly lower degree of cirrhosis in resected animals was observed. Losartan increased the proliferation of hepatocytes at late time-points and of non-parenchymal cells early after partial hepatectomy (P<0.05). Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α was significantly upregulated at 6 h and stem cell growth factor (SCF) was downregulated at 3 days (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Losartan increased hepatic blood flow, reduced HSC activation and liver fibrosis, but interfered with hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy in cirrhotic livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Bahde
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
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Al-Seeni M, El-Sawi N, Shaker S, Al-Amoudi A. Investigation of the Biochemical and Histological Changes Induced by Zearalenone Mycotoxin on Liver in Male Mice and the Protective Role of Crude Venom Extracted from Jellyfish <i>Cassiopea Andromeda</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2011.24045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kouyoumdjian M, Nagaoka MR, Loureiro-Silva MR, Borges DR. Portal hypertensive response to kinin. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2010; 81:431-42. [PMID: 19722013 DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652009000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Portal hypertension is the most common complication of chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis. The increased intrahepatic vascular resistance seen in hepatic disease is due to changes in cellular architecture and active contraction of stellate cells. In this article, we review the historical aspects of the kallikrein-kinin system, the role of bradykinin in the development of disease, and our main findings regarding the role of this nonapeptide in normal and experimental models of hepatic injury using the isolated rat liver perfusion model (mono and bivascular) and isolated liver cells. We demonstrated that: 1) the increase in intrahepatic vascular resistance induced by bradykinin is mediated by B2 receptors, involving sinusoidal endothelial and stellate cells, and is preserved in the presence of inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis; 2) the hepatic arterial hypertensive response to bradykinin is calcium-independent and mediated by eicosanoids; 3) bradykinin does not have vasodilating effect on the pre-constricted perfused rat liver; and, 4) after exertion of its hypertensive effect, bradykinin is degraded by angiotensin converting enzyme. In conclusion, the hypertensive response to BK is mediated by the B2 receptor in normal and pathological situations. The B1 receptor is expressed more strongly in regenerating and cirrhotic livers, and its role is currently under investigation.
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Österreicher CH, Taura K, De Minicis S, Seki E, Penz-Österreicher M, Kodama Y, Kluwe J, Schuster M, Oudit GY, Penninger JM, Brenner DA. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 inhibits liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatology 2009; 50:929-38. [PMID: 19650157 PMCID: PMC4734904 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in liver fibrosis. Recently, a homolog of angiotensin-converting-enzyme 1 (ACE1), termed ACE2, has been identified that appears to be a negative regulator of the RAS by degrading Ang II to Ang(1-7). The aim of this study was to characterize the long-term effects of gene deletion of ACE2 in the liver, to define the role of ACE2 in acute and chronic liver disease, and to characterize the role of Ang(1-7) in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Ace2 knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (wt) littermates underwent different models of acute and chronic liver injury. Liver pathology was analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) immunoblotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Murine HSCs were isolated by collagenase-pronase-perfusion, and density gradient centrifugation. One-year-old ace2 KO mice spontaneously developed an inflammatory cell infiltration and mild hepatic fibrosis that was prevented by treatment with irbesartan. Ace2 KO mice showed increased liver fibrosis following bile duct ligation for 21 days or chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) treatment. In contrast, ace2 KO mice subjected to acute liver injury models did not differ from wt littermates. Treatment with recombinant ACE2 attenuated experimental fibrosis in the course of cholestatic and toxic liver injury. HSCs express the Ang(1-7) receptor Mas and Ang(1-7) inhibited Ang II-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 in cultured HSCs. CONCLUSION ACE2 is a key negative regulator of the RAS and functions to limit fibrosis through the degradation of Ang II and the formation of Ang(1-7). Whereas loss of ACE2 activity worsens liver fibrosis in chronic liver injury models, administration of recombinant ACE2 shows therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kojiro Taura
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Ekihiro Seki
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Yuzo Kodama
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, CA
| | - Johannes Kluwe
- Columbia University, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Gavin Y. Oudit
- University of Alberta, Division of Cardiology, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - David A. Brenner
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, CA
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Moreno M, Ramalho LN, Sancho-Bru P, Ruiz-Ortega M, Ramalho F, Abraldes JG, Colmenero J, Dominguez M, Egido J, Arroyo V, Ginès P, Bataller R. Atorvastatin attenuates angiotensin II-induced inflammatory actions in the liver. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 296:G147-56. [PMID: 19056767 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00462.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Statins exert beneficial effects in chronically damaged tissues. Angiotensin II (ANG II) participates in liver fibrogenesis by inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) expression. We investigate whether atorvastatin modulates ANG II-induced pathogenic effects in the liver. Male Wistar rats were infused with saline or ANG II (100 ng kg(-1) min(-1)) for 4 wk through a subcutaneous osmotic pump. Rats received either vehicle or atorvastatin (5 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) by gavage. ANG II infusion resulted in infiltration of inflammatory cells (CD43 immunostaining), oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal), hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation (smooth muscle alpha-actin), increased intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), and interleukin-6 hepatic gene expression (quantitative PCR). These effects were markedly blunted in rats receiving atorvastatin. The beneficial effects of atorvastatin were confirmed in an additional model of acute liver injury (carbon tetrachloride administration). We next explored whether the beneficial effects of atorvastatin on ANG II-induced actions are also reproduced at the cellular level. We studied HSC, a cell type with inflammatory and fibrogenic properties. ANG II (10(-8)M) stimulated cell proliferation, proinflammatory actions (NF-kappaB activation, ICAM-1 expression, interleukin-8 secretion) as well as expression of procollagen-alpha(1(I)) and TGF-beta1. All of these effects were reduced in the presence of atorvastatin (10(-7)M). These results indicate that atorvastatin attenuates the pathogenic events induced by ANG II in the liver both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, statins could have beneficial effects in conditions characterized by hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Moreno
- Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica Esther Koplowitz, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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