1
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Przybyszewski EM, Chung RT. Unmet Needs in the Post-Direct-Acting Antiviral Era: Hepatocarcinogenesis After Hepatitis C Virus Eradication. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S226-S231. [PMID: 37703341 PMCID: PMC10499186 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Direct-acting antiviral therapy has transformed care for patients with HCV and reduces the risk of HCC. Despite HCV cure, a residual HCC risk remains in patients with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis, with multiple mechanisms underlying subsequent hepatocarcinogenesis. Transcriptomic and proteomic signatures demonstrate the capacity for HCC risk stratification, and chemoprevention strategies are emerging. For now, pending more precise stratification, HCC surveillance of patients with cured HCV and advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis should continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Przybyszewski
- Liver Center and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Wang Q, Xu L, Wu Q, Zhang M, Zhang J. Association between the risk of hepatitis virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma and EGF polymorphism: A PRISMA-compliant updated meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31280. [PMID: 36281156 PMCID: PMC9592407 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims to provide a comprehensive account of the association between the epidermal growth factor (EGF) + 61A/G polymorphism (rs4444903) and susceptibility to virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Electronic searching of the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted to select eligible studies. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated to assess the strength of the association. RESULTS In this study, a total of 18 articles were included with 2692 cases and 5835 controls for assessing the association between rs4444903 and HCC risk. The pooled results showed that the EGF + 61A/G polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of virus-related HCC in all genetic models. Stratified analyses were conducted based on ethnicity, study quality, source of controls, type of controls, number of cases and genotyping method. The results showed that EGF + 61A/G polymorphisms significantly affect HCC susceptibility in different stratified populations. High heterogeneity was observed across included studies, and meta-regression analysis demonstrated that race, type of controls, and study quality contribute to the observed heterogeneity. CONCLUSION This pooled analysis found that EGF + 61A/G polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjing Wang
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianbo Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhang, Department of Oncology, Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China (e-mail: )
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3
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Saviano A, Habersetzer F, Lupberger J, Simo-Noumbissie P, Schuster C, Doffoël M, Schmidt-Mutter C, Baumert TF. Safety and Antiviral Activity of EGFR Inhibition by Erlotinib in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients: A Phase Ib Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e00492. [PMID: 35363627 PMCID: PMC9236598 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Significant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk persists after chronic hepatitis C (CHC) cure. Preclinical studies have shown that erlotinib, an oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, has an antiviral activity and HCC chemopreventive effect. Erlotinib is metabolized in the liver, and its safety in patients with CHC is unknown. This study aimed to assess the safety and antiviral activity of erlotinib in patients with CHC. METHODS In this investigator-initiated dose-escalation phase Ib prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study, noncirrhotic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients received placebo or erlotinib (50 or 100 mg/d) for 14 days with a placebo-erlotinib ratio of 1:3. Primary end points were safety and viral load reduction at the end of treatment (EOT). The secondary end point was viral load reduction 14 days after EOT. RESULTS This study analyzed data of 3 patients receiving placebo, 3 patients receiving erlotinib 50 mg/d, and 3 patients receiving erlotinib 100 mg/d. One grade 3 adverse event was reported in the placebo group (liver enzymes elevation), leading to treatment discontinuation and patient replacement, and 1 in the erlotinib 100 mg/d group (pericarditis), which was not considered to be treatment-related. Grade 2 skin rash was observed in 1 erlotinib 100 mg/d patient. No significant HCV-RNA level reduction was noted during treatment, but 2 of the 3 patients in the erlotinib 100 mg/d group showed a decrease of >0.5 log HCV-RNA 14 days after EOT. DISCUSSION Erlotinib demonstrated to be safe in noncirrhotic CHC patients. An antiviral activity at 100 mg/d confirms a functional role of EGFR as an HCV host factor in patients. These results provide perspectives to further study erlotinib as an HCC chemopreventive agent in patients with CHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Saviano
- Inserm, U1110, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques (IVH), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Inserm 1434, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - François Habersetzer
- Inserm, U1110, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques (IVH), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Inserm 1434, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Joachim Lupberger
- Inserm, U1110, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques (IVH), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pauline Simo-Noumbissie
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Schuster
- Inserm, U1110, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques (IVH), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Doffoël
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Schmidt-Mutter
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Inserm 1434, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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4
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Calaf GM, Crispin LA, Muñoz JP, Aguayo F, Bleak TC. Muscarinic Receptors Associated with Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092322. [PMID: 35565451 PMCID: PMC9100020 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, cancer research has described the presence of the cholinergic machinery, specifically muscarinic receptors, in a wide variety of cancers due to their activation and signaling pathways associated with tumor progression and metastasis, providing a wide overview of their contribution to different cancer formation and development for new antitumor targets. This review focused on determining the molecular signatures associated with muscarinic receptors in breast and other cancers and the need for pharmacological, molecular, biochemical, technological, and clinical approaches to improve new therapeutic targets. Abstract Cancer has been considered the pathology of the century and factors such as the environment may play an important etiological role. The ability of muscarinic agonists to stimulate growth and muscarinic receptor antagonists to inhibit tumor growth has been demonstrated for breast, melanoma, lung, gastric, colon, pancreatic, ovarian, prostate, and brain cancer. This work aimed to study the correlation between epidermal growth factor receptors and cholinergic muscarinic receptors, the survival differences adjusted by the stage clinical factor, and the association between gene expression and immune infiltration level in breast, lung, stomach, colon, liver, prostate, and glioblastoma human cancers. Thus, targeting cholinergic muscarinic receptors appears to be an attractive therapeutic alternative due to the complex signaling pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M. Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (L.A.C.); (J.P.M.); (T.C.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Leodan A. Crispin
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (L.A.C.); (J.P.M.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Juan P. Muñoz
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (L.A.C.); (J.P.M.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Laboratorio de Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Tammy C. Bleak
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (L.A.C.); (J.P.M.); (T.C.B.)
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5
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Yang X, Liu G, Wang Q, Gao X, Xia T, Zhao C, Dou H, Zhang H. Comparative transcriptome provides insights into the selection adaptation between wild and farmed foxes. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13475-13486. [PMID: 34646484 PMCID: PMC8495804 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The silver fox and blue fox are economically important fur species and were domesticated by humans from their wild counterparts, the arctic fox and red fox, respectively. Farmed foxes show obvious differences from their wild counterparts, including differences in physiology, body size, energy metabolism, and immunity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences are presently unclear. In this study, we built transcriptome libraries from multiple pooled tissues for each species of farmed fox, used RNA-seq to obtain a comprehensive dataset, and performed selection analysis and sequence-level analyses of orthologous genes to identify the genes that may be influenced by human domestication. More than 153.3, 248.0, 81.6, and 65.8 million clean reads were obtained and assembled into a total of 118,577, 401,520, 79,900, and 186,988 unigenes with an average length range from 521 to 667 bp for AF, BF, RF, and SF, respectively. Selective pressure analysis showed that 11 and 14 positively selected genes were identified, respectively, in the two groups (AF vs. BF and RF vs. SF). Several of these genes were associated with natural immunity (CFI and LRRFIP1), protein synthesis (GOLGA4, CEP19 and SLC35A2), and DNA damage repair (MDC1). Further functional enrichment analyses demonstrated that two positively selected genes (ACO1 and ACAD10) were involved in metabolic process (GO:0008152, p-value = .032), representing a significant enrichment. Sequence analysis of 117 orthologous genes shared by the two groups showed that the LEMD2, RRBP1, and IGBP1 genes might be affected by artificial selection in farmed foxes, with mutation sites located within sequences that are otherwise highly conserved across most mammals. Our results provide a valuable transcriptomic resource for future genetic studies and improvement in the assisted breeding of foxes and other farmed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Yang
- College of Life ScienceQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | | | - Qi Wang
- Hulunbuir Academy of Inland Lakes in Northern Cold & Arid AreasHulunbuirChina
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- College of Life ScienceQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Tian Xia
- College of Life ScienceQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Life ScienceQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Huashan Dou
- Hulunbuir Academy of Inland Lakes in Northern Cold & Arid AreasHulunbuirChina
| | - Honghai Zhang
- College of Life ScienceQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
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6
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Demirtas CO, Brunetto MR. Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic viral hepatitis: Is it time to personalize it? World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:5536-5554. [PMID: 34588750 PMCID: PMC8433616 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i33.5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Surveillance with abdominal ultrasound with or without alpha-fetoprotein is recommended by clinical practice guidelines for patients who are considered to be at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including those with cirrhosis, advanced fibrosis and special subgroups of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Application of the standard surveillance strategy to all patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) with or without cirrhosis imposes major sustainability and economic burdens on healthcare systems. Thus, a number of HCC risk scores were constructed, mainly from Asian cohorts, to stratify the HCC prediction in patients with CHB. Similarly, even if less than for CHB, a few scoring systems were developed for chronic hepatitis C patients or cirrhotic patients with CLD of different etiologies. Recently, a few newsworthy HCC-risk algorithms were developed for patients with cirrhosis using the combination of serologic HCC markers and clinical parameters. Overall, the HCC risk stratification appears at hand by several validated multiple score systems, but their optimal performance is obtained only in populations who show highly homogenous clinic-pathologic, epidemiologic, etiologic and therapeutic characteristics and this limitation poses a major drawback to their sustainable use in clinical practice. A better understanding of the dynamic process driving the progression from CLD to HCC derived from studies based on molecular approaches and genetics, epigenetics and liquid biopsy will enable the identification of new biomarkers to define the individual risk of HCC in the near future, with the possibility to achieve a real and cost/effective personalization of surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coskun Ozer Demirtas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Maurizia Rossana Brunetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56125, Italy
- Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56125, Italy
- Biostructure and Bio-imaging Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Naples 56125, Italy
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7
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Uygun ZO. State-of-the-art Hepatocellular Carcinoma Biomarker Detection by Biosensor Technology-a Review. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 52:1081-1085. [PMID: 34347247 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors have become a very interesting field in recent years, thanks to their potential to be converted into self-diagnostic technologies. Being able to analyze a biomarker with different biosensor systems has great potential. This potential is important in terms of time, cost, and practicality with its use in the analysis of difficult-to-diagnose diseases in clinical studies. In this review, the biosensors used in the determination of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers were compiled. Electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric biosensors used in the analysis of proteins, DNA, RNA, and cells with varying concentrations in HCC can be designed based on antibodies, nanocomposites, DNA, and aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihni Onur Uygun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey.
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8
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Wang J, Zhong Y, Meng G. EGF rs4444903 polymorphism is associated with risk of HCV-related cirrhosis and HBV/HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 26:2053-2064. [PMID: 34291370 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-01994-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The epidermal growth factor (EGF) rs4444903 polymorphism is associated with aberrant expression of EGF, which was a characteristic of cirrhotic liver diseases, induces highly malignant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Numerous studies have uncovered the association of this polymorphism with the risk of liver disease, but with inconsistent findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Therefore, this meta-analysis was performed to evaluate whether EGF rs4444903 polymorphism conferred susceptibility to liver disease. Totally 18 eligible articles were identified by searching PubMed, Google, CNKI and EMBASE up to December 1, 2020. RESULTS Our results indicated that there was no significant difference in the minor G allele frequency of rs4444903 polymorphism between HBV/HCV carriers and healthy controls. In other words, EGF rs4444903 polymorphism was not associated with the risk of HBV/HCV. Interestingly, this polymorphism increased the risk of liver cirrhosis in the controls with HCV infection. Additionally, EGF rs4444903 polymorphism is associated with the increased risk of HCC under the five models. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity shows that rs4444903 polymorphism intensifies the risk of HCC among Asians and Caucasians. Strong correlation is also reported in controls with cirrhosis or HCV infection and studies using PCR-RFLP genotyping. CONCLUSIONS The study supports that EGF rs4444903 polymorphism is a genetic contributor to liver cirrhosis and HCC in the overall population. Nevertheless, this conclusion must be confirmed by larger studies with more diverse ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Yanlin Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Guixia Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China.
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9
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Mohamed AA, Hakeem GL, Babrs GM, Abolfotoh LE, Shehata NM, Maher SE, Mousa SM, Ismail AM, Ezzat D, Habib AG, Ghaith DM, Fawazy N, Khattab RA, Habib EES, El-Hassib DMA, Abd-Elsalam S, El-damasy DA. Epidermal Growth Factor rs4444903 A>G Gene Polymorphism Association with Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Disease Progression among Egyptian Children: A Multicenter Study. THE OPEN BIOMARKERS JOURNAL 2021; 11:63-68. [DOI: 10.2174/1875318302111010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Polymorphisms of genes encoding the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines can affect the clinical presentation of the infection. We aimed to assess the role of EGF gene single-nucleotide polymorphism in the outcome of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children.
Methods:
One hundred HBV-infected children and 75 healthy matched controls were enrolled in this prospective study. Patients included 18 chronic inactive and 82 chronic active carriers. EGF rs4444903 A>G genotypes were determined using allele-specific amplification.
Results:
Significant differences regarding EGF genotypic frequency (p=0.001) in patients compared to controls (p=0.001). Eighteen percent were inactive, and 82% were active carriers. AA, AG and GG genotypic frequency were 66.7%, 33.3%, 0% and were 3.7%, 37.8% and 58.5% in the inactive and active carriers, respectively, with significant differences regarding AA, AG, GG genotypic frequency (p=0.001 for all). EGF AA, AG, GG genotypes frequency were 1.9%, 33.3%, and 64.8%, respectively, with significant differences between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients regarding AA, AG, GG genotypic frequency (p=0.001 for all).
Conclusion:
Increased G allele frequency in EGF rs4444903 A > G polymorphism in HBV- Egyptian children is associated with worse outcomes.
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10
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Pan Z, Liu C, Zhi Y, Xie Z, Wu L, Jiang M, Zhang Y, Zhou R, Zhao L. LIMK1 nuclear translocation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by increasing p-ERK nuclear shuttling and by activating c-Myc signalling upon EGF stimulation. Oncogene 2021; 40:2581-2595. [PMID: 33686242 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) is a serine/threonine and tyrosine kinase that is predominantly located in the cytoplasm. In our study, nuclear translocation of LIMK1 in clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples was demonstrated for the first time, especially in samples from those with intravascular tumour thrombus. LIMK1 was overexpressed in HCC tissues, and nuclear LIMK1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. Although the effects of cytoplasmic LIMK1 on cofilin phosphorylation and actin filament dynamics have been well studied, the function of nuclear LIMK1 is still unclear. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed both in vitro and in vivo and demonstrated a correlation between nuclear LIMK1 and the enhanced aggressive phenotype of HCC. EGF could drive the nuclear translocation of LIMK1 by activating the interaction of p-ERK and LIMK1 and facilitating their roles in nuclear shuttling. Moreover, nuclear LIMK1 could directly bind to the promoter region of c-Myc and stimulate c-Myc transcription. Although the EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab has a poor therapeutic effect on advanced HCC patients, in vivo animal study showed that cetuximab achieved a significant inhibitory effect on the progression of nuclear LIMK1-overexpressing HCC cells. In addition, recent data have demonstrated the potential of cetuximab in combination therapy for HCC patients with LIMK1 nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Pan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Zhi
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyue Xie
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120576. [PMID: 33297335 PMCID: PMC7762241 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. HCC is highly heterogeneous, both within the tumor and among individuals, which is closely related to the HCC surveillance, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. With the advances of next-generation sequencing, the genomic landscape of HCC has been identified which vastly improves our understanding of genetic and epigenetic changes and their interaction during HCC development. In particular, gene mutations, epigenetic modifications, aberrant expression of coding and non-coding RNAs have been extensively explored and many of them are considered as biomarkers for HCC. Most recently, the gut microbiome has been proposed as potential non-invasive biomarkers for HCC diagnosis. In this review, we summarize the current development of HCC biomarkers studies and provide insights on further steps towards precision medicine of HCC.
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12
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Kubota N, Fujiwara N, Hoshida Y. Clinical and Molecular Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123843. [PMID: 33256232 PMCID: PMC7761278 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk becomes increasingly important with recently emerging HCC-predisposing conditions, namely non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cured hepatitis C virus infection. These etiologies are accompanied with a relatively low HCC incidence rate (~1% per year or less), while affecting a large patient population. Hepatitis B virus infection remains a major HCC risk factor, but a majority of the patients are now on antiviral therapy, which substantially lowers, but does not eliminate, HCC risk. Thus, it is critically important to identify a small subset of patients who have elevated likelihood of developing HCC, to optimize the allocation of limited HCC screening resources to those who need it most and enable cost-effective early HCC diagnosis to prolong patient survival. To date, numerous clinical-variable-based HCC risk scores have been developed for specific clinical contexts defined by liver disease etiology, severity, and other factors. In parallel, various molecular features have been reported as potential HCC risk biomarkers, utilizing both tissue and body-fluid specimens. Deep-learning-based risk modeling is an emerging strategy. Although none of them has been widely incorporated in clinical care of liver disease patients yet, some have been undergoing the process of validation and clinical development. In this review, these risk scores and biomarker candidates are overviewed, and strategic issues in their validation and clinical translation are discussed.
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Li S, Saviano A, Erstad DJ, Hoshida Y, Fuchs BC, Baumert T, Tanabe KK. Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, and Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prevention: Emphasis on Secondary Prevention and Its Translational Challenges. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3817. [PMID: 33255794 PMCID: PMC7760293 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality globally. Given the limited therapeutic efficacy in advanced HCC, prevention of HCC carcinogenesis could serve as an effective strategy. Patients with chronic fibrosis due to viral or metabolic etiologies are at a high risk of developing HCC. Primary prevention seeks to eliminate cancer predisposing risk factors while tertiary prevention aims to prevent HCC recurrence. Secondary prevention targets patients with baseline chronic liver disease. Various epidemiological and experimental studies have identified candidates for secondary prevention-both etiology-specific and generic prevention strategies-including statins, aspirin, and anti-diabetic drugs. The introduction of multi-cell based omics analysis along with better characterization of the hepatic microenvironment will further facilitate the identification of targets for prevention. In this review, we will summarize HCC risk factors, pathogenesis, and discuss strategies of HCC prevention. We will focus on secondary prevention and also discuss current challenges in translating experimental work into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.L.); (D.J.E.); (B.C.F.)
| | - Antonio Saviano
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Derek J. Erstad
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.L.); (D.J.E.); (B.C.F.)
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Bryan C. Fuchs
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.L.); (D.J.E.); (B.C.F.)
| | - Thomas Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Kenneth K. Tanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.L.); (D.J.E.); (B.C.F.)
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14
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Ogawa E, Nomura H, Nakamuta M, Furusyo N, Kajiwara E, Dohmen K, Kawano A, Ooho A, Azuma K, Takahashi K, Satoh T, Koyanagi T, Ichiki Y, Kuniyoshi M, Yanagita K, Amagase H, Morita C, Sugimoto R, Kato M, Shimoda S, Hayashi J. Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Treatment with Sofosbuvir-Based or Sofosbuvir-Free Regimens in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092602. [PMID: 32933027 PMCID: PMC7563479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well-controlled, even after the elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV), especially for those with cirrhosis or of high-age. Fibrosis-related biomarkers have been recognized as useful predictors for the development of HCC; however, there are few analyses of the HCC incidence for the various regimens with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). We found that DAA treatment with sofosbuvir, an oral nucleotide analogue inhibitor of HCV NS5B polymerase, was not associated with the development of de novo HCC within five years by propensity score matched analysis. Moreover, the distribution of the early stage of HCC (the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0/A) was similar for all treatment regimens, irrespective of the use of sofosbuvir. Abstract Advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis and related biomarkers have been recognized as useful predictors of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) following hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure by direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). However, it remains unclear if DAAs themselves have an influence on or facilitate the development of HCC. This multicenter cohort study included CHC patients without a history of HCC who achieved HCV elimination by DAAs. Cohorts of 835 patients treated with a sofosbuvir (SOF)-based regimen and 835 treated with a SOF-free regimen were matched 1:1 by propensity scoring with nine variables to evaluate differences in HCC incidence. The median observation period was 3.5 years. Sixty-nine cases of HCC were found during 5483.9 person-years (PY) over the entire follow-up period. The annual incidence was similar for both groups (SOF-based 1.25 and SOF-free 1.27 per 100 PY, respectively: adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–2.12, p = 0.39). However, the annual incidence within the first two years was higher for patients treated with SOF than for those without, but did not reach significance (1.50 and 0.97 per 100 PY incidence rates, respectively: adjusted HR 2.05, 95% CI 0.98–4.25, p = 0.06). In summary, DAA treatment with SOF was not associated with an increase in the development of de novo HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Ogawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Hideyuki Nomura
- The Center for Liver Disease, Shin-Kokura Hospital, Kitakyushu 8038505, Japan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka 8138588, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamuta
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 8108563, Japan;
| | - Norihiro Furusyo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan;
- General Internal Medicine, Taihaku Avenue Clinic, Fukuoka 8120039, Japan
| | | | - Kazufumi Dohmen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chihaya Hospital, Fukuoka 8138501, Japan;
| | - Akira Kawano
- Department of Medicine, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Kitakyushu 8028561, Japan;
| | - Aritsune Ooho
- Department of Hepatology, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu 8058508, Japan;
| | - Koichi Azuma
- Department of Medicine, Kyushu Central Hospital, Fukuoka 8158588, Japan;
| | | | - Takeaki Satoh
- Center for Liver Disease, National Hospital Organization Kokura Medical Center, Kitakyushu 8028533, Japan;
| | - Toshimasa Koyanagi
- Department of Medicine, Fukuoka City Hospital, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 8120046, Japan;
| | - Yasunori Ichiki
- Department of Internal Medicine, JCHO Kyushu Hospital, Kitakyushu 8068501, Japan;
| | - Masami Kuniyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyushu Rosai Hospital, Kitakyushu 8000296, Japan;
| | - Kimihiko Yanagita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Karatsu Hospital, Karatsu 8470852, Japan;
| | | | - Chie Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu Railway Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu 8000031, Japan;
| | - Rie Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka 8111395, Japan;
| | - Masaki Kato
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan;
| | - Shinji Shimoda
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan;
| | - Jun Hayashi
- Kyushu General Internal Medicine Center, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka 8138588, Japan;
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15
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Baghdadi I, Abu Ella K, El Shaaraway A, Elshayeb E, El-Rebey HS, El Hoseeny M, Naguib M, Nada A. Genetic Polymorphism of Epidermal Growth Factor Gene as a Predictor of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis C Cirrhotic Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2047-2053. [PMID: 32711431 PMCID: PMC7573408 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.7.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In Egypt, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is approximately 4.7% of chronic liver disease patients due to (HCV) infection. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in hepatocyte regeneration. A functional polymorphism in EGF 61A>G was identified; itwas associated with higher risk of HCC. Objectives: to investigate the correlation between the epidermal growth factor (EGF) polymorphism and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis C viral (HCV) cirrhotic patients as well as its relation to EGF protein expression in HCC tissue. Patients and methods: this casecontrol study was conducted on 75 HCV cirrhotic patients including 50 HCC patients (25 withresectable HCC and 25 with advanced unresectable HCC) and 25 healthy persons were included. EGF genotype was detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism. EGF expression in HCC tissue biopsiesfrom patientswhounderwent surgical resection was done by immunohistochemical examination. Results: The GG genotype was associated with significant increased risk of HCC compared to AA genotypes (P=0.031) in cirrhotic group. The G allele had a highly significant risk of HCC compared to allele Ain recessive model GG vs. AG+AA (P=0.036) rather than in the dominant model GG +AG vs. AA (P=0.66). There was significant increased expression of EGF in tumour tissues in patients with GG genotype compared to AG genotype and AA genotype p= 0.019. Conclusion: EGF gene polymorphism (GG genotype) had a significant risk of HCC development in cirrhotic patients. This is confirmed by increased EGF expression in liver tumor tissue from HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Baghdadi
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abu Ella
- Liver and Hepatobiliary surgery Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Shaaraway
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Elshayeb
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Hala S El-Rebey
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El Hoseeny
- Hepatology Department, Mahlla teaching liver hospital, El Mahlla, Gharbeya, Egypt
| | - Mary Naguib
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ali Nada
- Hepatology Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menofia University. Egypt
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16
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Prognostic role of ABO blood group and Rhesus factor in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19087. [PMID: 31836844 PMCID: PMC6910915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. There are many factors in the etiology of HCC such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol, obesity, smoking and aflatoxin. Many types of cancer are assumed to be associated with ABO blood group and Rhesus factor (RH). In this study we aimed to evaluate the relationship between tumor characteristics and overall survival (OS), ABO blood group and RH factor in patients with HCC. A total of 507 patients with chronic liver disease (252 patients with HCC and 255 patients without HCC) were included in the study. All demographic, clinic and laboratory (biochemical parameters and blood type) features were collected retrospectively. The mean age of the patients was 54.50 ± 9.30. There was no significant difference in both ABO groups and RH factors between the two groups. We found that vascular invasion rate of the tumor was higher in the B blood group and multicentric localization of tumor was significantly higer in patients with positive RH but there was no difference between OS in ABO and RH blood groups. In addition, the tumor was less multicentric in the AB blood group. Blood groups and RH factor can be used to predict the prognosis in cirrhotic patients with HCC.
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17
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Francica G, Borzio M. Status of, and strategies for improving, adherence to HCC screening and surveillance. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2019; 6:131-141. [PMID: 31440486 PMCID: PMC6664854 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s159269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and the main cause of death in patients with cirrhosis. Secondary prevention of HCC can be accomplished through the serial application of screening tests (ultrasound with or without alpha-fetoprotein) to detect the presence of subclinical lesions amenable to potentially curative treatment, such as surgery and ablation. The efficacy of HCC screening is accepted by hepatologists in terms of decline in cancer-specific mortality, but its translation into clinical practice is less than ideal. The effectiveness of HCC screening is hampered by several factors: failure to identify at-risk patients, failure to access care and failure to detect HCC. For each of these steps, possible improvements are discussed in order to face the changing etiology of cirrhosis and expand the screening of at-risk populations by including selected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Francica
- Unità Operativa Ecografia ed Ecointerventistica, Pineta Grande Hospital, Castel Volturno, Italy
| | - Mauro Borzio
- Unità Operativa Complessa Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Melegnano e della Martesana, Milano, Italy
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18
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Ponziani FR, Nicoletti A, Gasbarrini A, Pompili M. Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the gut microbiota in patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919848184. [PMID: 31205505 PMCID: PMC6535703 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919848184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of the human body and its alterations are associated with the development of different pathological conditions. The liver is the organ most exposed to the influence of the gut microbiota, and recently important connections between the intestinal flora and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been described. In fact, HCC is commonly associated with liver cirrhosis and develops in a microenvironment where inflammation, immunological alterations, and cellular aberrations are dramatically evident. Prevention and diagnosis in the earliest stages are still the most effective weapons in fighting this tumor. Animal models show that the gut microbiota can be involved in the promotion and progression of HCC directly or through different pathogenic mechanisms. Recent data in humans have confirmed these preclinical findings, shedding new light on HCC pathogenesis. Limitations due to the different experimental design, the ethnic and hepatological setting make it difficult to compare the results and draw definitive conclusions, but these studies lay the foundations for a pathogenetic redefinition of HCC. Therefore, it is evident that the characterization of the gut microbiota and its modulation can have an enormous diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic potential, especially in patients with early stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Alberto Nicoletti
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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19
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Abstract
Prediction of future hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in the sizable chronic liver disease population is an urgent unmet need to enable regular HCC screening for early detection. Germline deoxyribonucleic acid polymorphisms likely represent etiology-specific host factors that determine HCC susceptibility, including single nucleotide polymorphisms in EGF, IFNL3, MICA, and TLL1 in hepatitis C with or without active viral infection, and PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 in metabolic liver diseases. Transcriptome-based prognostic liver signature in diseased liver tissue has been associated with long-term HCC risk in viral and metabolic etiologies. Transcriptomic signatures of hepatic injury and specific cell type such as aggregated lymphocytes also predict HCC development. Circulating factors such as proteins and their chemical modification, nucleotides, and metabolites may serve for less-invasive assessment of short- or long-term HCC risk. These biomarkers will enable individual HCC risk-based personalized clinical management for cost-effective early HCC detection and improvement of patient survival.
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss current knowledge and recent findings regarding the epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the USA. RECENT FINDING The US incidence rate of HCC is increasing, although the pace may have somewhat slowed since 2010. In 2012, incidence rates of HCC in Hispanics surpassed those of Asians. The recent epidemiological changes in major risk factors for HCC include increasing hepatitis C virus post-sustained virologic response, suppressed hepatitis B virus on nucleoside analogues, and alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has the greatest proportion of the burden of the main risk factors for HCC in the USA, followed by alcoholic liver disease, and hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections. This review focuses on current knowledge regarding the recent epidemiological trends in HCC, with an emphasis on future directions.
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21
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Fujiwara N, Friedman SL, Goossens N, Hoshida Y. Risk factors and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of precision medicine. J Hepatol 2018; 68:526-549. [PMID: 28989095 PMCID: PMC5818315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Patients who develop chronic fibrotic liver disease, caused by viral or metabolic aetiologies, are at a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Even after complete HCC tumour resection or ablation, the carcinogenic tissue microenvironment in the remnant liver can give rise to recurrent de novo HCC tumours, which progress into incurable, advanced-stage disease in most patients. Thus, early detection and prevention of HCC development is, in principle, the most impactful strategy to improve patient prognosis. However, a "one-size-fits-all" approach to HCC screening for early tumour detection, as recommended by clinical practice guidelines, is utilised in less than 20% of the target population, and the performance of screening modalities, including ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein, is suboptimal. Furthermore, optimal screening strategies for emerging at-risk patient populations, such as those with chronic hepatitis C after viral cure, or those with non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease remain controversial. New HCC biomarkers and imaging modalities may improve the sensitivity and specificity of HCC detection. Clinical and molecular HCC risk scores will enable precise HCC risk prediction followed by tailoured HCC screening of individual patients, maximising cost-effectiveness and optimising allocation of limited medical resources. Several aetiology-specific and generic HCC chemoprevention strategies are evolving. Epidemiological and experimental studies have identified candidate chemoprevention targets and therapies, including statins, anti-diabetic drugs, and selective molecular targeted agents, although their clinical testing has been limited by the lengthy process of cancer development that requires long-term, costly studies. Individual HCC risk prediction is expected to overcome the challenge by enabling personalised chemoprevention, targeting high-risk patients for precision HCC prevention and substantially improving the dismal prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujiwara
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Nicolas Goossens
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
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22
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Gao J, Wang Z, Wang GJ, Zhang HX, Gao N, Wang J, Wang CE, Chang Z, Fang Y, Zhang YF, Zhou J, Jin H, Qiao HL. Higher CYP2E1 Activity Correlates with Hepatocarcinogenesis Induced by Diethylnitrosamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:398-407. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.245555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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23
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Matsuura K, Tanaka Y. Host genetic variations associated with disease progression in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:127-133. [PMID: 29235266 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with recently developed interferon-free oral regimens combining direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) results in the elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in almost all chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. In the era of DAAs, surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after eradication of HCV by anti-HCV therapy is particularly important. As is well known, an advanced state of hepatic fibrosis is the major risk factor for developing HCC. Therefore, an increased understanding of various factors associated with disease progression and development of HCC in CHC patients is essential for implementing personalized treatment and surveillance of disease progression and HCC. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several host genetic variants influencing treatment efficacy or clinical course in HCV infection. This review focuses on these host genetic variations recently identified, mainly by GWAS, which are associated with the clinical course of chronic HCV infection, especially disease progression and hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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24
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Significant change of cytochrome P450s activities in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50612-50623. [PMID: 27203676 PMCID: PMC5226607 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of information concerning individual variation in drug-metabolizing enzymes is one of the most important obstacles for designing personalized medicine approaches for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. To assess cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous molecules in an HCC setting, the activity changes of 10 major CYPs in microsomes from 105 normal and 102 HCC liver tissue samples were investigated. We found that CYP activity values expressed as intrinsic clearance (CLint) differed between HCC patients and control subjects. HCC patient samples showed increased CLint for CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1 compared to controls. Meanwhile, CYP1A2, CYP2C8, and CYP2C19 CLint values decreased and CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4/5 activity was unchanged relative to controls. For patients with HCC accompanied by fibrosis or cirrhosis, the same activity changes were seen for the CYP isoforms, except for CYP2D6 which had higher values in HCC patients with cirrhosis. Moreover, CYP2D6*10 (100C>T), CYP2C9*3 (42614 A>C), and CYP3A5*3 (6986A>G) polymorphisms had definite effects on enzyme activities. In the HCC group, the CLint of CYP2D6*10 mutant homozygote was decreased by 95% compared to wild-type samples, and the frequency of this homozygote was 2.8-fold lower than the controls. In conclusion, the activities of CYP isoforms were differentially affected in HCC patients. Genetic polymorphisms of some CYP enzymes, especially CYP2D6*10, could affect enzyme activity. CYP2D6*10 allelic frequency was significantly different between HCC patients and control subjects. These findings may be useful for personalizing the clinical treatment of HCC patients as well as predicting the risk of hepatocarcinogenesis.
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25
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Choudhury AR, Singh KK. Mitochondrial determinants of cancer health disparities. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:125-146. [PMID: 28487205 PMCID: PMC5673596 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, which are multi-functional, have been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis due to metabolic alterations in transformed cells. Mitochondria are involved in the generation of energy, cell growth and differentiation, cellular signaling, cell cycle control, and cell death. To date, the mitochondrial basis of cancer disparities is unknown. The goal of this review is to provide an understanding and a framework of mitochondrial determinants that may contribute to cancer disparities in racially different populations. Due to maternal inheritance and ethnic-based diversity, the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) contributes to inherited racial disparities. In people of African ancestry, several germline, population-specific haplotype variants in mtDNA as well as depletion of mtDNA have been linked to cancer predisposition and cancer disparities. Indeed, depletion of mtDNA and mutations in mtDNA or nuclear genome (nDNA)-encoded mitochondrial proteins lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and promote resistance to apoptosis, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastatic disease, all of which can contribute to cancer disparity and tumor aggressiveness related to racial disparities. Ethnic differences at the level of expression or genetic variations in nDNA encoding the mitochondrial proteome, including mitochondria-localized mtDNA replication and repair proteins, miRNA, transcription factors, kinases and phosphatases, and tumor suppressors and oncogenes may underlie susceptibility to high-risk and aggressive cancers found in African population and other ethnicities. The mitochondrial retrograde signaling that alters the expression profile of nuclear genes in response to dysfunctional mitochondria is a mechanism for tumorigenesis. In ethnic populations, differences in mitochondrial function may alter the cross talk between mitochondria and the nucleus at epigenetic and genetic levels, which can also contribute to cancer health disparities. Targeting mitochondrial determinants and mitochondrial retrograde signaling could provide a promising strategy for the development of selective anticancer therapy for dealing with cancer disparities. Further, agents that restore mitochondrial function to optimal levels should permit sensitivity to anticancer agents for the treatment of aggressive tumors that occur in racially diverse populations and hence help in reducing racial disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Departments of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Departments of Environmental Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Center for Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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26
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Nahon P, Nault JC. Constitutional and functional genetics of human alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2017; 37:1591-1601. [PMID: 28296015 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of the constitutional genetics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has identified numerous variants associated with a higher risk of liver cancer in alcoholic cirrhotic patients. Although Genome-Wide Association studies have not been carried out in the field of alcohol-related HCC, common single nucleotide polymorphisms conferring a small increase in the risk of liver cancer risk have been identified and shown to modulate ethanol metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, iron or lipid metabolism. Specific patterns of gene mutations including CTNNB1, TERT, ARID1A and SMARCA2 exist in alcohol-related HCC. Moreover, a specific mutational process observed at the nucleotide level by next generation sequencing has revealed cooperation between alcohol and tobacco in the development of HCC. Combining this genetic information with epidemiological and clinical data that might define specific HCC risk classes and refine surveillance strategies needs to be assessed in large prospective cohorts of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Nahon
- AP-HP, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Service d'Hépatologie, Bondy, France.,Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.,Inserm UMR-1162, "Functional Genetics of Solid Tumours", Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Oncoimmunology, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- AP-HP, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Service d'Hépatologie, Bondy, France.,Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.,Inserm UMR-1162, "Functional Genetics of Solid Tumours", Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Oncoimmunology, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
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Pasic I, Wong KM, Lee JJ, Espin-Garcia O, Brhane Y, Cheng D, Chen Z, Patel D, Brown C, Bucur R, Reisman D, Knox JJ, Xu W, Hung RJ, Liu G, Cleary SP. Two BRM promoter polymorphisms predict poor survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:106-113. [PMID: 28892201 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the promoter of the BRM gene, a critical subunit of the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex, have previously been implicated in risk and prognosis in Caucasian-predominant lung, head and neck, esophageal, and pancreatic cancers, and in hepatocellular cancers in Asians. We investigated the role of these polymorphisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk and prognosis. HCC cases were recruited in a comprehensive cancer center while the matched controls were recruited from family practice units from the same catchment area. For risk analyses, unconditional logistic regression analyses were performed in HCC patients and matched healthy controls. Overall survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard models, Kaplan-Meier curves, and log-rank tests. In 266 HCC cases and 536 controls, no association between either BRM promoter polymorphism (BRM-741 or BRM-1321) and risk of HCC was identified (P > 0.10 for all comparisons). There was significant worsening of overall survival as the number of variant alleles increased: BRM-741 per variant allele adjusted hazards ratio (aHR) 5.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.89-11.54 and BRM-1321 per variant allele aHR 4.09, 95%CI 2.22-7.51. The effects of these two polymorphisms were at least additive, where individuals who were double homozygotes for the variant alleles had a 45-fold increase in risk of death when compared to those who were double wild-type for the two polymorphisms. Two BRM promoter polymorphisms were strongly associated with HCC prognosis but were not associated with increased HCC susceptibility. The association was strongest in double homozygotes for the allele variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Pasic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kit M Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonghun J Lee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yonathan Brhane
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dangxiao Cheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Devalben Patel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Catherine Brown
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Roxana Bucur
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer J Knox
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sean P Cleary
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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Yang J, Lv Z, Huang J, Zhao Y, Li Y. High expression of NME1 correlates with progression and poor prognosis in patients of hepatocellular carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:8561-8568. [PMID: 31966710 PMCID: PMC6965413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies that results from genes regulation via different pathways. NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (NME1) is generally regarded as a metastasis suppressor, but its function in HCC is largely unknown. In our study, we explored the role of NME1 in HCC. By analyzing the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database, we discovered that NME1 was more highly expressed in HCC tumor tissues than non-HCC liver tissues (P < 0.001), and NME1 was significantly up-regulated in HCC tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.001). Then, validated by the enrolled HCC patients and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, NME1 was upregulated in HCC tumor tissues compared with matched adjacent normal tissue (P < 0.05). Besides, NME1 was down-regulated in Stage III/IV HCC patients than Stage I/II HCC patients (P = 0.009). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that HCC patients with high NME1 expression had poor overall survival (P = 0.004) and higher recurrence rate (P < 0.001). Our data revealed that NME1 was a special oncogene, and its expression was significantly associated with the progression and prognosis of HCC. NME1 may be a novel molecular biomarker for the targeted therapy and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Rennin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Rennin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingtao Huang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- The PLA Navy Anqing HospitalAnqing, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Rennin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, Hubei, China
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29
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Goossens N, Singal AG, King LY, Andersson KL, Fuchs BC, Besa C, Taouli B, Chung RT, Hoshida Y. Cost-Effectiveness of Risk Score-Stratified Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening in Patients with Cirrhosis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2017; 8:e101. [PMID: 28640287 PMCID: PMC5518949 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2017.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance with biannual ultrasound is currently recommended for all patients with cirrhosis. However, clinical implementation of this "one-size-fits-all" approach is challenging as evidenced by its low application rate. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of risk-stratified HCC surveillance strategies in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS A Markov decision-analytic modeling was performed to simulate a cohort of 50-year-old subjects with compensated cirrhosis. Risk-stratified HCC surveillance strategies was implemented, in which patients were stratified into high-, intermediate-, or low-risk groups by HCC risk biomarker-based scores and assigned to surveillance modalities tailored to HCC risk (2 non-risk-stratified and 14 risk-stratified strategies) and compared with non-stratified biannual ultrasound. RESULTS Quality-adjusted life expectancy gains for biannual ultrasound in all patients and risk-stratified strategies compared with no surveillance were 1.3 and 0.9-2.1 years, respectively. Compared with the current standard of biannual ultrasound in all cirrhosis patients, risk-stratified strategies applying magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or ultrasound only in high- and intermediate-risk patients, without screening in low-risk patients, were cost-effective. Abbreviated MRI (AMRI) for high- and intermediate-risk patients had the lowest incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $2,100 per quality-adjusted life year gained. AMRI in intermediate- and high-risk patients had ICERs <$3,000 across a wide range of HCC incidences. CONCLUSIONS Risk-stratified HCC surveillance strategies targeting high- and intermediate-risk patients with cirrhosis are cost-effective and outperform the currently recommended non-stratified biannual ultrasound in all patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Goossens
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amit G Singal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lindsay Y King
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karin L Andersson
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryan C Fuchs
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cecilia Besa
- Department of Radiology/Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bachir Taouli
- Department of Radiology/Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
Liver-related morbidity and mortality is expanding in people living with HIV. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third most lethal malignancy on a global scale, is a dominant complication of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis in patients with coexisting hepatitis. HIV infection further complicates the clinical heterogeneity of HCC, posing concurrent challenges stemming from the underlying immunological status of the patients and the ongoing need for combined antiretroviral therapy. In this article, we review the multiple clinical implications that characterize the multidisciplinary management of HCC in the context of HIV infection.
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31
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Goossens N, Bian CB, Hoshida Y. Tailored algorithms for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: Is one-size-fits-all strategy outdated? CURRENT HEPATOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 16:64-71. [PMID: 28337405 PMCID: PMC5358664 DOI: 10.1007/s11901-017-0336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current clinical practice guidelines recommend regular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance with biannual ultrasound with or without serum alpha-fetoprotein uniformly applied to all patients with cirrhosis. However, clinical implementation of this one-size-fits-all strategy has been challenging as evidenced by very low application rate below 20% due to various reasons, including suboptimal performance of the surveillance modalities. RECENT FINDINGS Newly emerging imaging techniques such as abbreviated MRI (AMRI) and molecular HCC risk biomarkers have increasingly become available for clinical evaluation and implementation. These technologies may have a potential to reshape HCC surveillance by enabling tailored strategies. This would involve performing optimized surveillance tests according to individual HCC risk, and allocating limited medical resources for HCC surveillance based on cost-effectiveness. SUMMARY Tailored HCC surveillance could lead to achievement of precision HCC care and substantial improvement of the current dismal patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Goossens
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Billie Bian
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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32
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Gholizadeh M, Khosravi A, Torabian P, Gholipoor N, Mansour Samaei N. Association of the epidermal growth factor gene +61A>G polymorphism with hepatocellular carcinoma in an Iranian population. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2017; 10:284-288. [PMID: 29379593 PMCID: PMC5758736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to address the association of the EGF gene +61A/G polymorphisms and HCC susceptibility in an Iranian population. BACKGROUND The association of epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene +61A/G polymorphism (rs4444903) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been investigated in several populations. However, the findings are controversial. METHODS A total of 40 unrelated HCC patients and 106 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA of HCC patients was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples using CinnaPure DNA kit according to manufacturer's instructions. Genomic DNA of healthy individuals, also, was extracted from peripheral blood cells using the boiling method. The rs4444903 (A/G) polymorphism was genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. RESULTS Significant association was found for the EGF +61A allele and HCC risk [OR = 1.72, 95% CI (1.02 - 2.90), P value = 0.04]. Also, significant association was observed for the EGF +61A/G genotypes and HCC risk under codominant and dominant models by SNPStats software analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the EGF gene +61A/G polymorphism (rs4444903) might be a risk factor for susceptibility to HCC in Iranian population. However, further studies using more samples are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Gholizadeh
- Depaetment of Human Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran ,Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ayyoob Khosravi
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Pedram Torabian
- Depaetment of Human Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran ,Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Gholipoor
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Mansour Samaei
- Depaetment of Human Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Huang CF, Huang CY, Yeh ML, Wang SC, Chen KY, Ko YM, Lin CC, Tsai YS, Tsai PC, Lin ZY, Chen SC, Dai CY, Huang JF, Chuang WL, Yu ML. Genetics Variants and Serum Levels of MHC Class I Chain-related A in Predicting Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Post Antiviral Treatment. EBioMedicine 2016; 15:81-89. [PMID: 27998720 PMCID: PMC5233818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aims The genome-wide association study has shown that MHC class I chain-related A (MICA) genetic variants were associated with hepatitis C virus (HCC) related hepatocellular carcinoma. The impact of the genetic variants and its serum levels on post-treatment cohort is elusive. Methods MICA rs2596542 genotype and serum MICA (sMICA) levels were evaluated in 705 patients receiving antiviral therapy. Results Fifty-eight (8·2%) patients developed HCC, with a median follow-up period of 48·2 months (range: 6–129 months). The MICA A allele was associated with a significantly increased risk of HCC development in cirrhotic non-SVR patients but not in patients of non-cirrhotic and/or with SVR. For cirrhotic non-SVR patients, high sMICA levels (HR/CI: 5·93/1·86–26.38·61, P = 0·002) and the MICA rs2596542 A allele (HR/CI: 4·37/1·52–12·07, P = 0·002) were independently associated with HCC development. The risk A allele or GG genotype with sMICA > 175 ng/mL provided the best accuracy (79%) and a negative predictive value of 100% in predicting HCC. Conclusions Cirrhotic patients who carry MICA risk alleles and those without risk alleles but with high sMICA levels possessed the highest risk of HCC development once they failed antiviral therapy. MICA rs2596542 SNP predicts HCC development in LC patients with persistent viremia. High sMICA levels predicts HCC occurrence in LC patients without SVR Combining the 2 surrogate markers enhance the predicting power of HCC.
The genome-wide association study has shown that MHC class I chain-related A (MICA) genetic variants were associated with hepatitis C virus (HCC) related hepatocellular carcinoma. The impact of the genetic variants and its serum levels on post-treatment cohort is elusive. We demonstrated that cirrhotic patients who carry MICA risk alleles and those without risk alleles but with high sMICA levels possessed the highest risk of HCC development once they failed antiviral therapy. Combining the host genetic variants of MICA gene and serum levels of MICA proteins greatly enhanced the predictive power in the high-risk population, which provides insight for closer follow-up strategies and re-treatment priority in the era of direct antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Feng Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cing-Yi Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Ko
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Tsai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zu-Yau Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Cherng Chen
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Preventive Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan; Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Goossens N, Hoshida Y. Tratamiento personalizado del carcinoma hepatocelular basado en información molecular: perspectivas futuras. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2016; 8:S43-S48. [PMID: 31041096 PMCID: PMC6490229 DOI: 10.1002/cld.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Goossens
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY, EE. UU,Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGeneva University HospitalGinebraSuiza
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY, EE. UU
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Lee HW, Ahn SH. Prediction models of hepatocellular carcinoma development in chronic hepatitis B patients. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8314-8321. [PMID: 27729738 PMCID: PMC5055862 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i37.8314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Applying the same strategies for antiviral therapy and HCC surveillance to all chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients would be a burden worldwide. To properly manage CHB patients, it is necessary to identify and classify the risk for HCC development in such patients. Several HCC risk scores based on risk factors such as cirrhosis, age, male gender, and high viral load have been used, and have negative predictive values of ≥ 95%. Most of these have been derived from, and internally validated in, treatment-naïve Asian CHB patients. Herein, we summarized various HCC prediction models, including IPM (Individual Prediction Model), CU-HCC (Chinese University-HCC), GAG-HCC (Guide with Age, Gender, HBV DNA, Core Promoter Mutations and Cirrhosis-HCC), NGM-HCC (Nomogram-HCC), REACH-B (Risk Estimation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B), and Page-B score. To develop a noninvasive test of liver fibrosis, we also introduced a new scoring system that uses liver stiffness values from transient elastography, including an LSM (Liver Stiffness Measurement)-based model, LSM-HCC, and mREACH-B (modified REACH-B).
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Hepatocarcinogenesis associated with hepatitis B, delta and C viruses. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 20:1-10. [PMID: 27504999 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Globally, over half a billion people are persistently infected with hepatitis B (HBV) and/or hepatitis C viruses. Chronic HBV and HCV infection frequently lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Co-infections with hepatitis delta virus (HDV), a subviral satellite requiring HBV for its propagation, accelerates the progression of liver disease toward HCC. The mechanisms by which these viruses cause malignant transformation, culminating in HCC, remain incompletely understood, partially due to the lack of adequate experimental models for dissecting these complex disease processes in vivo.
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Sun XY, Wang P, Jiang HC. Precision medicine for hepatocellular carcinoma: Perspectives and obstacles. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3098-3105. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i20.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in China. HCC patients have a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective drugs. The marketing of sorafenib in 2007 has terminated the history that there is no effective drug for HCC. Unfortunately, sorafenib prolongs the survival of advanced HCC patients by only 2-3 mo, and remains the unique systemic drug as no alternative effective agents have been demonstrated to be superior to sorafenib in treating HCC. Precision medicine, a novel concept and medicinal model, has recently emerged and been spreading globally, with the development of gene sequencing techniques, bioinformatics, big data and so on. Detecting, analyzing, verifying and utilizing the specific tumor biomarkers with the advanced technology have made it possible to apply "personalized and precision therapy" in the treatment of advanced HCC. In the present article we summarize the recent progress of HCC therapy under the guidance of precision medicine, and analyze the major obstacles for its clinical application, with an aim to provide some new clues for clinicians and researchers engaged in the clinical and basic research of HCC.
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Mueller JL, King LY, Johnson KB, Gao T, Nephew LD, Kothari D, Simpson MA, Zheng H, Wei L, Corey KE, Misdraji J, Lee JH, Lin MV, Gogela NA, Fuchs BC, Tanabe KK, Gordon FD, Curry MP, Chung RT. Impact of EGF, IL28B, and PNPLA3 polymorphisms on the outcome of allograft hepatitis C: a multicenter study. Clin Transplant 2016; 30:452-60. [PMID: 26854475 PMCID: PMC4868041 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is accelerated following liver transplantation (LT). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the epidermal growth factor (EGF) (rs4444903), IL28B (rs12979860), and PNPLA3 (rs738409) loci are associated with treatment response, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in non-transplant hepatitis C, but allograft population data are limited. We sought to determine the role of these SNPs in 264 patients with HCV who underwent LT between 1990 and 2008. Genotypes were determined from donor wedge/allograft biopsies and recipient explants. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess time to cirrhosis, liver-related death, and retransplantation, adjusting for donor age and sustained virological response (SVR). Over a median follow-up of 6.3 yr, a trend toward increased progression to graft cirrhosis was observed among recipients of an EGF non-AA vs. AA donor liver (adjusted HR 2.01; 95% CI 0.93-4.34; p = 0.08). No other genotypes predicted cirrhosis development or graft survival. The CC IL28B variant in both recipients and donors was associated with increased rate of SVR (R-CC/D-CC 8/12[67%], R-non-CC/D-CC or R-CC/D-non-CC 23/52[44%], R-non-CC/D-non-CC 12/45[27%], p linear trend = 0.009). Recipient EGF, IL28B, and PNPLA3, and donor IL28B and PNPLA3 genotypes do not predict adverse outcomes in HCV LT recipients. A potential association exists between donor EGF genotype and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Mueller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lindsay Y. King
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kara B. Johnson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tian Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Lauren D. Nephew
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Darshan Kothari
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston
| | - Mary Ann Simpson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington
| | - Hui Zheng
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lan Wei
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Corey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph Misdraji
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joon Hyoek Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M. Valerie Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Neliswa A. Gogela
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bryan C. Fuchs
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth K. Tanabe
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fredric D. Gordon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington
| | - Michael P. Curry
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Komposch K, Sibilia M. EGFR Signaling in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:E30. [PMID: 26729094 PMCID: PMC4730276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by several ligands leading to the activation of diverse signaling pathways controlling mainly proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The EGFR signaling axis has been shown to play a key role during liver regeneration following acute and chronic liver damage, as well as in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) highlighting the importance of the EGFR in the development of liver diseases. Despite the frequent overexpression of EGFR in human HCC, clinical studies with EGFR inhibitors have so far shown only modest results. Interestingly, a recent study has shown that in human HCC and in mouse HCC models the EGFR is upregulated in liver macrophages where it plays a tumor-promoting function. Thus, the role of EGFR in liver diseases appears to be more complex than what anticipated. Further studies are needed to improve the molecular understanding of the cell-specific signaling pathways that control disease development and progression to be able to develop better therapies targeting major components of the EGFR signaling network in selected cell types. In this review, we compiled the current knowledge of EGFR signaling in different models of liver damage and diseases, mainly derived from the analysis of HCC cell lines and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Komposch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Sun S, Jin GJ, Zhao Y, Kang H. Association between the epidermal growth factor 61*A/G polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:3009-14. [PMID: 25854398 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) may play a pathological role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the conclusions of published reports on the relationship between the EGF 61*A/G polymorphism and HCC risk remain controversial. To derive a more precise estimation we performed a meta-analysis based on 14 studies that together included 2,506 cases and 4,386 controls. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were used to retrieve articles up to August 1, 2014. The crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated to evaluate the association. Meta-analysis results showed a significant association between the EGF 61*A/G polymorphism and HCC risk in all four genetic models (allele model: OR=1.25, 95%CI=1.12-1.40; dominant model: OR=1.32, 95%CI=1.14-1.54; recessive model: OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.12-1.58; homozygous model: OR=1.59, 95%CI=1.33- 1.90). Moreover, significant associations were observed when stratified by ethnicity, source of controls, etiology and genotype methods. Thus, this meta-analysis suggests that the G-allele of the EGF 61*A/G polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of HCC, especially in Asians and Caucasians, without influence from the source of controls or etiological diversity. Further studies with larger population sizes are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China E-mail :
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41
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma From Epidemiology to Prevention: Translating Knowledge into Practice. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13:2140-51. [PMID: 26284591 PMCID: PMC4618036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by dynamic temporal trends, several major established (i.e., HCV, HBV, alcohol) and emerging (i.e., diabetes, obesity, NAFLD) risk factors. Epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have identified additional demographic, clinical, pharmacological, genetic and life style factors that further affect or modify the likelihood of HCC and can be used in clinical practice to identify at-risk patients (i.e., risk stratification or prognostic algorithms) that can be targeted for prevention and early detection programs. These studies have also paved the way toward several well established preventive measures including HBV vaccination, HBV treatment, HCV treatment and HCC surveillance, and potential chemoprevention using statins, metformin or coffee. However, the effectiveness of HCC prevention in clinical practice and at the population level has lagged behind due to patient, provider, system, and societal factors. The Quality in the Continuum of Cancer Care model provides a framework for evaluating the HCC prevention processes, including potential failures that create a gap between efficacy and effectiveness.
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Zucman-Rossi J, Villanueva A, Nault JC, Llovet JM. Genetic Landscape and Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:1226-1239.e4. [PMID: 26099527 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 848] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged as a major cause of cancer-related death. Its mortality has increased in Western populations, with a minority of patients diagnosed at early stages, when curative treatments are feasible. Only the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is available for the management of advanced cases. During the last 10 years, there has been a clear delineation of the landscape of genetic alterations in HCC, including high-level DNA amplifications in chromosome 6p21 (VEGFA) and 11q13 (FGF19/CNND1), as well as homozygous deletions in chromosome 9 (CDKN2A). The most frequent mutations affect TERT promoter (60%), associated with an increased telomerase expression. TERT promoter can also be affected by copy number variations and hepatitis B DNA insertions, and it can be found mutated in preneoplastic lesions. TP53 and CTNNB1 are the next most prevalent mutations, affecting 25%-30% of HCC patients, that, in addition to low-frequency mutated genes (eg, AXIN1, ARID2, ARID1A, TSC1/TSC2, RPS6KA3, KEAP1, MLL2), help define some of the core deregulated pathways in HCC. Conceptually, some of these changes behave as prototypic oncogenic addiction loops, being ideal biomarkers for specific therapeutic approaches. Data from genomic profiling enabled a proposal of HCC in 2 major molecular clusters (proliferation and nonproliferation), with differential enrichment in prognostic signatures, pathway activation and tumor phenotype. Translation of these discoveries into specific therapeutic decisions is an unmet medical need in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, Médecine, Biologie Humaine, Bobigny, France; Université Paris Diderot, Paris.
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Liver Unit, CIBEREHD, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Goossens N, Nakagawa S, Hoshida Y. Molecular prognostic prediction in liver cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10262-10273. [PMID: 26420954 PMCID: PMC4579874 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i36.10262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural history of cirrhosis varies and therefore prognostic prediction is critical given the sizable patient population. A variety of clinical prognostic indicators have been developed and enable patient risk stratification although their performance is somewhat limited especially within relatively earlier stage of disease. Molecular prognostic indicators are expected to refine the prediction, and potentially link a subset of patients with molecular targeted interventions that counteract poor prognosis. Here we overview clinical and molecular prognostic indicators in the literature, and discuss critical issues to successfully define, evaluate, and deploy prognostic indicators as clinical scores or tests. The use of liver biopsy has been diminishing due to sampling variability on fibrosis assessment and emergence of imaging- or lab test-based fibrosis assessment methods. However, recent rapid developments of genomics technologies and selective molecular targeted agents has highlighted the need for biopsy tissue specimen to explore and establish molecular information-guided personalized/stratified clinical care, and eventually achieve “precision medicine”.
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Shen XF, Zeng XT, Jian ZY, Zhou M, Zhou P, Zhang M. Quantitative assessment of the effect of epidermal growth factor 61A/G polymorphism on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3199-3205. [PMID: 26722312 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) 61A/G polymorphism has been analyzed in several studies, but results remain inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to quantitatively summarize the association between the EGF 61A/G polymorphism and the risk of HCC. The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for studies published prior to May 1, 2014. The overall, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, version 2.2. In total, 12 published case-control studies, consisting of 2,095 patients with HCC and 3,766 control individuals, were included in the present study. Meta-analysis of the included studies revealed that EGF 61A/G polymorphism contributed to the risk of HCC under all four genetic models, consisting of the G vs. A (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.11-1.40), GG vs. AA (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.26-1.85), GG vs. AG + AA (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.13-1.58) and GG + AG vs. AA (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.08-1.49) comparisons. Subgroup analysis further suggested that EGF 61A/G polymorphism was associated with the risk of HCC in patients and control individuals with liver disease, based on ethnicity and source of control, respectively. No other significance in residual subgroup analysis was observed. The present meta-analysis suggests that the EGF 61A/G polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of HCC and may be a potential marker for liver disease, such as hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis C virus infection and liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Feng Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China ; Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Jian
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China ; Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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45
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Matsuura K, Tanaka Y. Host genetic variants influencing the clinical course of hepatitis C virus infection. J Med Virol 2015. [PMID: 26211651 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The clinical course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection greatly differs in individuals. Various viral, host, and environmental factors influence the natural history of HCV infection. Recent genome-wide association studies identified several host genetic factors influencing treatment efficacy or clinical course in HCV infection. A landmark discovery was that IFNL3-IFNL4 variants are strongly associated with responses to interferon-based treatment. Genetic variants in IFNL3-IFNL4 as well as those in HLA class II loci influence the spontaneous clearance of acute HCV infection. Interestingly, these genetic variants also affect the activity of hepatitis, or disease progression in chronic hepatitis C. In addition, polymorphisms in apoptosis-related genes such as RNF7, TULP1, and MERTK are associated with fibrosis progression, and DEPDC5 and MICA variants are associated with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Understanding the genetic factors associated with the clinical course of HCV infection is essential for personalized treatment and surveillance of disease progression and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical CenterInfectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Kocabayoglu P, Lade A, Lee YA, Dragomir AC, Sun X, Fiel MI, Thung S, Aloman C, Soriano P, Hoshida Y, Friedman SL. β-PDGF receptor expressed by hepatic stellate cells regulates fibrosis in murine liver injury, but not carcinogenesis. J Hepatol 2015; 63:141-7. [PMID: 25678385 PMCID: PMC4475471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Rapid induction of β-PDGF receptor (β-PDGFR) is a core feature of hepatic stellate cell activation, but its cellular impact in vivo is not well characterized. We explored the contribution of β-PDGFR-mediated pathway activation to hepatic stellate cell responses in liver injury, fibrogenesis, and carcinogenesis in vivo using genetic models with divergent β-PDGFR activity, and assessed its prognostic implications in human cirrhosis. METHODS The impact of either loss or constitutive activation of β-PDGFR in stellate cells on fibrosis was assessed following carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or bile duct ligation. Hepatocarcinogenesis in fibrotic liver was tracked after a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) followed by repeated injections of CCl4. Genome-wide expression profiling was performed from isolated stellate cells that expressed or lacked β-PDGFR to determine deregulated pathways and evaluate their association with prognostic gene signatures in human cirrhosis. RESULTS Depletion of β-PDGFR in hepatic stellate cells decreased injury and fibrosis in vivo, while its auto-activation accelerated fibrosis. However, there was no difference in development of DEN-induced pre-neoplastic foci. Genomic profiling revealed ERK, AKT, and NF-κB pathways and a subset of a previously identified 186-gene prognostic signature in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis as downstream of β-PDGFR in stellate cells. In the human cohort, the β-PDGFR signature was not associated with HCC development, but was significantly associated with a poorer outcome in HCV cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS β-PDGFR is a key mediator of hepatic injury and fibrogenesis in vivo and contributes to the poor prognosis of human cirrhosis, but not by increasing HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peri Kocabayoglu
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Abigale Lade
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Youngmin A. Lee
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana-Cristina Dragomir
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M. Isabel Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Swan Thung
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Costica Aloman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Goossens N, Hoshida Y. Personalized management of hepatocellular carcinoma based on molecular information: future prospects. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2015; 5. [PMID: 26213619 PMCID: PMC4512174 DOI: 10.1002/cld.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Goossens
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY,Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGeneva University HospitalGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY
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48
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Association between EGF +61 A>G polymorphism and gastric cancer risk: A meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:327-332. [PMID: 26072068 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested an association between the EGF +61 A>G polymorphism and susceptibility to gastric cancer, but the results have been inconsistent. To draw a more precise risk estimation of the association, we performed a meta-analysis of published studies. PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Chinese Wanfang databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. There were 7 studies involving 1992 cases of gastric cancer and 3202 controls in this meta-analysis. Our study showed that, overall, the EGF +61 A>G polymorphism was significantly associated with the increased risk of gastric cancer in allele model (G vs. A: OR=1.18, 95% CI=1.00-1.39), dominant model (GG + GA vs. AA: OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.05-1.55), homozygous model (GG vs. AA: OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.06-1.63) and heterozygous model (GA vs. AA: OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.01-1.53). The stratified analysis by ethnicity revealed a significant association between EGF +61 A>G polymorphism and gastric cancer risks in Asians. This meta-analysis indicates that EGF +61 A>G polymorphism may increase the risk of gastric cancer, especially in Asians. Large-sized, well-designed studies involving different ethnic groups should be conducted to confirm this association.
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49
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The interaction of HCV with its human host is complex and multilayered; stemming in part from the fact that HCV is a RNA virus with no ability to integrate in the host's genome. Direct and indirect mechanisms of HCV-induced HCC include activation of multiple host pathways such as liver fibrogenic pathways, cellular and survival pathways, interaction with the immune and metabolic systems. Host factors also play a major role in HCV-induced HCC as evidenced by genomic studies identifying polymorphisms in immune, metabolic, and growth signaling systems associated with increased risk of HCC. Despite highly effective direct-acting antiviral agents, the morbidity and incidence of liver-related complications of HCV, including HCC, is likely to persist in the near future. Clinical markers to selectively identify HCV subjects at higher risk of developing HCC have been reported however they require further validation, especially in subjects who have experienced sustained virological response. Molecular biomarkers allowing further refinement of HCC risk are starting to be implemented in clinical platforms, allowing objective stratification of risk and leading to individualized therapy and surveillance for HCV individuals. Another role for molecular biomarker-based stratification could be enrichment of HCC chemoprevention clinical trials leading to smaller sample size, shorter trial duration, and reduced costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Goossens
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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50
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Jiang G, Yu K, Shao L, Yu X, Hu C, Qian P, Xie H, Li J, Zheng J, Zheng S. Association between epidermal growth factor gene +61A/G polymorphism and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis based on 16 studies. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:314. [PMID: 25927412 PMCID: PMC4418097 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene +61A/G polymorphism (rs4444903) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) susceptibility has been widely reported, but the results were inconsistent. To clarify the effect of this polymorphism on HCC risk, a meta-analysis was performed. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese BioMedical Literature (CBM), Wanfang and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies published up to December 2013. Data were extracted independently by two authors. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of association. Results A total of 16 studies including 2475 HCC cases and 5381 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, a significantly increased HCC risk was observed under all genetic models (G vs. A: OR = 1.383, P < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.174-1.629; GG vs. GA + AA: OR = 1.484, P < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.198-1.838; GG + GA vs. AA: OR = 1.530, P < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.217-1.924; GG vs. AA: OR = 1.958, P < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.433-2.675; GA vs. AA: OR = 1.215, P = 0.013, 95% CI: 1.041-1.418). In the subgroup analyses by ethnicity, a significant association with HCC risk was found in Asian populations (G vs. A: OR = 1.151, P = 0.001, 95% CI: 1.056-1.255), European populations (G vs. A: OR = 1.594, P = 0.027, 95% CI: 1.053-2.413, and African populations (G vs. A: OR = 3.599, P < 0.001, 95% CI: 2.550-5.080), respectively. Conclusions Our study shows that EGF +61A/G polymorphism is significantly associated with the increased HCC risk, especially in Asian populations. Further large-scale and well-designed studies are required to confirm this conclusion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1318-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ke Yu
- Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310029, China.
| | - Lifang Shao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chen Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Pei Qian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310029, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.
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