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Pradhan B, Ki JS. Biological activity of algal derived carrageenan: A comprehensive review in light of human health and disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124085. [PMID: 36948331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Carrageenans are a family of natural linear sulfated polysaccharides derived from red seaweeds and used as a common food additive. Carrageenan's properties, impact on health, and aesthetic benefits have all been studied for a long time; however, the mechanisms are still unclear. In pharmaceutical aspects, carrageenan displayed potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties in both in vivo and in vitro action. It also contributes to potential disease-preventive activities through dynamic modulation of important intracellular signaling pathways, regulation of ROS buildup, and preservation of major cell survival and death processes which leads to potential drug development. Furthermore, the chemical synthesis of the current bioactive medicine with confirmational rearrangement may increase availability and bioactivity needs diligent examination. In this review, we give an up-to-date overview of recent research on Carrageenan with reference to health and therapeutic advantages. In addition, we have focused on structural conformation and its primary strategic deployment in disease prevention, as well as the mechanistic investigation of how it functions to combat various disease-preventive employed for future therapeutic interventions. This review may get new insights into the possible novel role of carrageenan and open up a novel disease-preventive mechanism and enhance human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Pradhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar 752101, Odisha, India
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea.
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Roque AM, Montinola D, Geonzon L, Matsukawa S, Lobarbio CFY, Taboada EB, Bacabac RG. Rheological elucidation of the viscoelastic properties and network interaction of mixed high-methoxyl pectin and kappa-carrageenan gels. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Duan Q, Xing Y, Guo K. The Detection of Food Additives Using a Fluorescence Indicator Based on 6– p–Toluidinylnaphthalence-2-sulfonate and Cationic Pillar[6]arene. Front Chem 2022; 10:925881. [PMID: 35711954 PMCID: PMC9194816 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.925881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated host-guest complexation in 6-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-2-sulfonate (TNS), a fluorescence probe used to investigate hydrophobic regions that contain the water-soluble cationic pillar[6]arene (CP6). After complexation with CP6, the fluorescence intensity of TNS was significantly increased. The decreases in the fluorescence intensity of the TNS•CP6 complex when phenolic food-additives are added have been used in indicator displacement assays to detect food additives in the water.
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Maruyama S, Lim J, Streletskaya NA. Clean Label Trade-Offs: A Case Study of Plain Yogurt. Front Nutr 2021; 8:704473. [PMID: 34395498 PMCID: PMC8360858 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.704473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumer demand for clean label has risen in recent years. However, clean label foods with simple and minimalistic ingredient lists are often expensive to produce and/or may possess less desirable sensory qualities. Accordingly, understanding consumer preferences regarding the clean label trend would be of great interest to the food industry. Here we investigate how ingredient lists and associated sensory quality descriptions may influence consumer preferences using a hypothetical choice experiment. In particular, we test the impacts of four common stabilizers (carrageenan, corn starch, milk protein concentrate, and pectin) and textural characteristics on preferences and willingness to pay for plain yogurt. A total of 250 yogurt consumers participated in the study. The results of a mixed logit analysis suggest that clean labeling significantly increases the likelihood of consumer choice, while poor texture reduces consumer choice. More importantly, the negative impact of poor texture seems to be less significant for clean label yogurts compared to that for yogurts with longer ingredient lists. Among all stabilizers, corn starch in particular has a significant negative impact on consumer choice. The estimated average consumer willingness to pay for clean labels is between $2.54 and $3.53 for 32 oz yogurt formulations. Furthermore, clean labels minimize the negative impact of textural defects with consumers willing to pay an estimated premium of $1.61 for the family size yogurt with a simple ingredient list. Results of latent class modeling reveal two classes of consumers with similar patterns of demand who prefer clean labels and, on average, would rather purchase a yogurt with a textural defect than opt out of purchasing a yogurt entirely. Implications for the food industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Maruyama
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Juyun Lim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Nadia A Streletskaya
- Department of Applied Economics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Rogler G, Scharl M, Spalinger M, Yilmaz B, Zaugg M, Hersberger M, Schreiner P, Biedermann L, Herfarth H. Diet and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Quality Standards Should Be Applied in Clinical and Laboratory Studies? Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000514. [PMID: 33433954 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) follow restrictive diets, as many respective recommendations circulate. Efforts are made to evaluate and summarize the published information, for example, in a recent consensus manuscript by the International Organization for the Study of IBD (IOIBD). However, the standards that should be applied to make claims about dietary effects are poorly defined. In this manuscript, the scientific basis of recommendations for nutritional interventions in IBD is analyzed. Epidemiological evidence on diet in IBD is always biased by numerous factors, and the number of robust dietary intervention studies is limited due to methodological difficulties. Therefore, animal models are used to test hypotheses with respect to dietary factors and intestinal inflammation. Naturally, animal models have limitations, and knowledge of key characteristics of colitis animal models is crucial to understand their advantages and disadvantages. In recent years the important role of the microbiota for IBD and dietary factors has been discovered. Microbiota data are added to many publications on IBD and nutrition. The quality of those data varies largely. Subsequently, quality standards for microbiota analyses also are discussed. Finally, quality requirements to be applied on recommendations for dietary changes in patients with IBD are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Michael Zaugg
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schreiner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Luc Biedermann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Hans Herfarth
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7080, USA
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Semi-refined carrageenan promotes generation of reactive oxygen species in leukocytes of rats upon oral exposure but not in vitro. Wien Med Wochenschr 2020; 171:68-78. [PMID: 33108805 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-020-00786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the ability of the common food additive E407a (semi-refined carrageenan) to enter leukocytes in vitro and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leukocytes as a whole and granulocytes in particular, both during incubation and in experimental animals. METHODS ROS production was assessed in leukocytes incubated with E407a for 2 h at the final concentrations of 5 and 10 g/L using the dye 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA), as well as in cells isolated from rats orally exposed to E407a (140 mg/kg of weight) during 2 weeks (n = 8) and control rats (n = 8), by flow cytometry. Carrageenan uptake by leukocytes was estimated by confocal microscopy using incubation of rhodamine B isothiocyanate-labelled carrageenan with leukocyte suspensions. RESULTS Uptake of carrageenan by viable neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes was confirmed. Oral administration of the food additive E407a was associated with excessive ROS formation by viable leukocytes (CD45+, 7‑aminoactinomycin D- cells) and especially in granulocytes. Unexpectedly, a direct impact of semi-refined carrageenan during incubation for 2 h did not affect ROS production in leukocytes, evidenced by statistically insignificant differences in mean fluorescence intensity values of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein, which is a ROS-sensitive product of intracellular H2DCFDA conversion. Oral intake of E407a and direct exposure of leukocyte suspensions to it decreased the viability of leukocytes. CONCLUSION Food-grade carrageenan can enter leukocytes without affecting ROS generation as a result of incubation for 2 h with leukocyte suspensions. On the contrary, oral exposure to E407a is accompanied by ROS overproduction by white blood cells, suggesting an indirect mechanism for the stimulation of ROS synthesis in vivo. E407a promotes cell death of leukocytes both in vivo and in vitro.
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Glisic M, Baltic M, Glisic M, Trbovic D, Jokanovic M, Parunovic N, Dimitrijevic M, Suvajdzic B, Boskovic M, Vasilev D. Inulin-based emulsion-filled gel as a fat replacer in prebiotic- and PUFA-enriched dry fermented sausages. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Glisic
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Belgrade; Bulevar oslobodjenja 18 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Milan Baltic
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Belgrade; Bulevar oslobodjenja 18 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Milica Glisic
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Belgrade; Bulevar oslobodjenja 18 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Dejana Trbovic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology; Kacanskog 13 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Marija Jokanovic
- Department of Food Preservation Engineering; Faculty of Technology; University of Novi Sad; Bulevar cara Lazara 1 Novi Sad 21101 Serbia
| | - Nenad Parunovic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology; Kacanskog 13 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Mirjana Dimitrijevic
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Belgrade; Bulevar oslobodjenja 18 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Branko Suvajdzic
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Belgrade; Bulevar oslobodjenja 18 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Marija Boskovic
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Belgrade; Bulevar oslobodjenja 18 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Dragan Vasilev
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Belgrade; Bulevar oslobodjenja 18 Belgrade Serbia
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Ghannam A, Murad H, Jazzara M, Odeh A, Allaf AW. Isolation, Structural characterization, and antiproliferative activity of phycocolloids from the red seaweed Laurencia papillosa on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:916-926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Derivatives of 2,5-Diaryl-1,3-Oxazole and 2,5-Diaryl-1,3,4-Oxadiazole as Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes for Studies of Biological Membranes. REVIEWS IN FLUORESCENCE 2017 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01569-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Pal K, Chandra F, Mallick S, Koner AL. pH dependent supramolecular recognition of dapoxyl sodium sulfonate with 2-hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin: an application towards food-additive formulation. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
pH dependent host–guest complexation of dapoxyl sodium sulfonate (DSS), an intramolecular charge transfer dye, with 2-hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Pal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India
| | - Falguni Chandra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India
| | - Suman Mallick
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India
| | - Apurba L. Koner
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India
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Hebar A, Koller C, Seifert JM, Chabicovsky M, Bodenteich A, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Grassauer A, Prieschl-Grassauer E. Non-clinical safety evaluation of intranasal iota-carrageenan. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122911. [PMID: 25875737 PMCID: PMC4395440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrageenan has been widely used as food additive for decades and therefore, an extended oral data set is available in the public domain. Less data are available for other routes of administration, especially intranasal administration. The current publication describes the non-clinical safety and toxicity of native (non-degraded) iota-carrageenan when applied intranasally or via inhalation. Intranasally applied iota-carrageenan is a topically applied, locally acting compound with no need of systemic bioavailability for the drug’s action. Animal experiments included repeated dose local tolerance and toxicity studies with intranasally applied 0.12% iota-carrageenan for 7 or 28 days in New Zealand White rabbits and nebulized 0.12% iota-carrageenan administered to F344 rats for 7 days. Permeation studies revealed no penetration of iota-carrageenan across nasal mucosa, demonstrating that iota-carrageenan does not reach the blood stream. Consistent with this, no relevant toxic or secondary pharmacological effects due to systemic exposure were observed in the rabbit or rat repeated dose toxicity studies. Data do not provide any evidence for local intolerance or toxicity, when carrageenan is applied intranasally or by inhalation. No signs for immunogenicity or immunotoxicity have been observed in the in vivo studies. This is substantiated by in vitro assays showing no stimulation of a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines by iota-carrageenan. In conclusion, 0.12% iota-carrageenan is safe for clinical use via intranasal application.
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Recuenco FC, Takano R, Chiba S, Sugi T, Takemae H, Murakoshi F, Ishiwa A, Inomata A, Horimoto T, Kobayashi Y, Horiuchi N, Kato K. Lambda-carrageenan treatment exacerbates the severity of cerebral malaria caused by Plasmodium berghei ANKA in BALB/c mice. Malar J 2014; 13:487. [PMID: 25495520 PMCID: PMC4295290 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is an urgent need to develop and test novel compounds against malaria infection. Carrageenans, sulphated polysaccharides derived from seaweeds, have been previously shown to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. However, they are inflammatory and alter the permeability of the blood–brain barrier, raising concerns that their use as a treatment for malaria could lead to cerebral malaria (CM), a severe complication of the disease. In this work, the authors look into the effects of the administration of λ-carrageenan to the development and severity of CM in BALB/c mice, a relatively non-susceptible model, during infection with the ANKA strain of Plasmodium berghei. Methods Five-week-old female BALB/c mice were infected with P. berghei intraperitoneally. One group was treated with λ-carrageenan (PbCGN) following the 4-day suppressive test protocol, whereas the other group was not treated (PbN). Another group of healthy BALB/c mice was similarly given λ-carrageenan (CGN) for comparison. The following parameters were assessed: parasitaemia, clinical signs of CM, and mortality. Brain and other vital organs were collected and examined for gross and histopathological lesions. Evans blue dye assays were employed to assess blood–brain barrier integrity. Results Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected BALB/c mice treated with λ-carrageenan died earlier than those that received no treatment. Histopathological examination revealed that intracerebral haemorrhages related to CM were present in both groups of infected BALB/c mice, but were more numerous in those treated with λ-carrageenan than in mock-treated animals. Inflammatory lesions were also observed only in the λ-carrageenan-treated mice. These observations are consistent with the clinical signs associated with CM, such as head tilt, convulsions, and coma, which were observed only in this group, and may account for the earlier death of the mice. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the administration of λ-carrageenan exacerbates the severe brain lesions and clinical signs associated with CM in BALB/c mice infected with P. berghei ANKA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kentaro Kato
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Jung TW, Lee SY, Hong HC, Choi HY, Yoo HJ, Baik SH, Choi KM. AMPK activator-mediated inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress ameliorates carrageenan-induced insulin resistance through the suppression of selenoprotein P in HepG2 hepatocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:66-73. [PMID: 24055274 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Carrageenan (CGN) has been shown to cause inflammation through toll-like receptor 4, which may play an important role in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Selenoprotein P (SeP) has recently been identified as a novel hepatokine that causes insulin resistance. Here, we report that treatment of HepG2 cells with CGN increased both CCAAT enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and SeP expression. Pretreatment with 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, and PD98059, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, reversed CGN-induced SeP expression. Moreover, both 4-PBA and knock-down of SeP improved CGN-induced insulin resistance. In addition, we found that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators ameliorated CGN-induced insulin resistance in addition to suppressing CHOP and SeP expression. In conclusion, CGN-induced ER stress increased the expression of SeP through the JNK pathway, while AMPK activators ameliorated CGN-induced insulin resistance via SeP inhibition through the AMPK-mediated alleviation of ER stress in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Jung
- The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Cheol Hong
- The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Yoon Choi
- The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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McKim JM. Food additive carrageenan: Part I: A critical review of carrageenanin vitrostudies, potential pitfalls, and implications for human health and safety. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44:211-43. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.861797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Namvar F, Tahir PM, Mohamad R, Mahdavi M, Abedi P, Najafi TF, Rahman HS, Jawaid M. Biomedical Properties of Edible Seaweed in Cancer Therapy and Chemoprevention Trials: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article summarizes in vitro and in vivo experiments on seaweed anticancer activity and seaweed chemical components. Seaweed use in cancer therapy, chemopreventive randomized control trials (RCTs) and quasi-experiments are discussed. The literature reviewed in this article was obtained from various scientific sources and encompasses publications from 2000–2012. Seaweed therapeutic effects were deemed scientifically plausible and may be partially explained by the in vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies described. Although the mechanisms of action remain unclear, seaweed's anticancer properties may be attributable to its major biologically active metabolites. Much of the seaweed research outlined in this paper can serve as a foundation for explaining seaweed anticancer bioactivity. This review will open doors for developing strategies to treat malignancies using seaweed natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Namvar
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, Applied Biology Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Iran
| | - Paridah Md. Tahir
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Parvin Abedi
- Reproductive Health Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Fathi Najafi
- Department of Medicine, Applied Biology Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Iran
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Şen M, Yolaçan B, Güven O. A comprehensive study on the size exclusion chromatography of kappa-carrageenan for the identification of after-peaks. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bhattacharyya S, O-Sullivan I, Katyal S, Unterman T, Tobacman JK. Exposure to the common food additive carrageenan leads to glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and inhibition of insulin signalling in HepG2 cells and C57BL/6J mice. Diabetologia 2012; 55:194-203. [PMID: 22011715 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the common food additive carrageenan (E407) on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and insulin signalling in a mouse model and human hepatic cells, since carrageenan is known to cause inflammation through interaction with toll-like receptor (TLR)4, which is associated with inflammation in diabetes. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were given carrageenan (10 mg/l) in their drinking water, and underwent a glucose tolerance test (GTT), an insulin tolerance test (ITT) and an ante-mortem intraperitoneal insulin injection. HepG2 cells were exposed to carrageenan (1 mg/l × 24 h) and insulin. Levels of phospho(Ser473)-protein kinase B (Akt), phospho(Ser307)-IRS1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity and phospho(Ser32)-inhibitor of κB (IκBα) were determined by western blotting and ELISA. RESULTS Glucose tolerance was significantly impaired in carrageenan-treated 12-week-old mice compared with untreated controls at all time points (n = 12; p < 0.0001). Baseline insulin and insulin levels at 30 min after taking glucose during the GTT were significantly higher following carrageenan treatment. During the ITT, glucose levels declined by more than 80% in controls, but not in carrageenan-treated mice. Carrageenan exposure completely inhibited insulin-induced increases in phospho-(Ser473)-Akt and PI3K activity in vivo in mouse liver and in human HepG2 cells. Carrageenan increased phospho(Ser307)-IRS1 levels, and this was blocked when carrageenan-induced inflammation was inhibited. CONCLUSION This is the first report of the impact of carrageenan on glucose tolerance and indicates that carrageenan impairs glucose tolerance, increases insulin resistance and inhibits insulin signalling in vivo in mouse liver and human HepG2 cells. These effects may result from carrageenan-induced inflammation. The results demonstrate extra-colonic manifestations of ingested carrageenan and suggest that carrageenan in the human diet may contribute to the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, CSN 440, M/C 718, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Bhattacharyya S, Liu H, Zhang Z, Jam M, Dudeja PK, Michel G, Linhardt RJ, Tobacman JK. Carrageenan-induced innate immune response is modified by enzymes that hydrolyze distinct galactosidic bonds. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 21:906-13. [PMID: 19864123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The common food additive carrageenan (CGN) predictably induces intestinal inflammation in animal models. Mechanisms of CGN-induced nuclear factor κB and interleukin-8 (IL-8) stimulation include an immune-mediated pathway involving toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 (BCL10) and a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated pathway. To determine how the structure of CGN contributes to its initiation of inflammation through these two distinct mechanisms, we treated CGNs with galactosidases and carrageenases (CGNases) and determined the impact on IL-8 secretion and BCL10 production. Hydrolysis of CGN by the enzyme α-1→(3,6)-galactosidase significantly reduced increases in IL-8 and BCL10, but other galactosidases tested, including α-1→6-galactosidase, β-1→4-galactosidase and β-1→3,6-galactosidase, had no effect. In contrast, specific κ-CGNases or ι-CGNases, which hydrolyze β-1,4-galactosidic bonds, produced increases in IL-8 and BCL10 attributable to increased exposure of the immunogenic α-1→3-galactosidic epitope of CGN to TLR4. These results were consistent with induction of innate immune response by an interaction of TLR4 with the unusual α-d-Gal-(1→3)-d-Gal epitope present in CGN. Activation of the ROS-mediated pathway was unaffected by treatment of κ-CGN with either κ-CGNase (3 mg/L), α-1→(3,6)-galactosidase (20 mU/ml) or these enzymes in combination, indicating that changes in IL-8 production were attributable to the effects of induction of inflammation on the TLR4-BCL10-mediated innate immune pathway. These findings provide new information about the specificity of carbohydrate-protein interaction between CGN and TLR4 and may help to devise treatments that modify the immune reactivity induced by carbohydrate antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bhattacharyya
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Determination of the low molecular weight fraction of food-grade carrageenans. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 861:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 11/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kod'ousek R, Jezdínský J, Krajcí D. Histological and ultrastructural changes of cardiomyocytes in experimental rats with tail thrombosis following subplantar application of carrageenin. Med Princ Pract 2007; 16:360-6. [PMID: 17709924 DOI: 10.1159/000104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe histological and ultrastructural changes of cardiomyocytes in experimental rats following subplantar administration of carrageenin. MATERIAL AND METHODS In adult rats, an acute inflammatory reaction was induced by subplantar injection of 0.1 ml of 1% sterile carrageenin solution. In a total of 10 rats, which developed gangrene of tails in 5- to 12-cm-long segments, were killed and their internal organs fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and subsequently processed for paraffin embedding. Later, blocks of the ventricular heart tissue were refixed and reprocessed for Araldite embedding and ultrastructure observation. Similarly, the cardiac muscle of control, carrageenin-injected rats which did not develop vascular thrombosis was processed. RESULTS The cardiomyocytes of rats injected with carrageenin showed focal dystrophic alterations, enlarged mitochondria with densely packed concentrically oriented cristae, and many dense and irregularly shaped deposits with microgranular helicoid organization. Normal cardiomyocytes were observed in control rats. Complicating thrombosis of tail blood vessels leading to extensive tail necroses were also histologically confirmed. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate specific pathogenic effect in the cardiovascular system of the carrageenin-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostislav Kod'ousek
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Weiner ML, Nuber D, Blakemore WR, Harriman JF, Cohen SM. A 90-day dietary study on kappa carrageenan with emphasis on the gastrointestinal tract. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 45:98-106. [PMID: 17034924 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Groups of Fischer 344 rats (20/sex/group) received control or treated diets at levels of 0, 25,000 or 50,000 ppm kappa carrageenan with a molecular weight range (Mw) of 196,000-257,000 Da for 90 days. The Low Molecular Weight Tail (LMT) ranged between 1.9% and 12.0%<50 kDa (mean 7%) based on the results of a program initiated to develop a validated analytical method to measure the LMT. This is the first GLP dietary study in which carrageenan is characterized by percentage LMT. Clinical examinations were performed daily. Individual food consumption/body weight measurements were made weekly. Ophthalmic exam was conducted prior to and at the end of treatment. Hematology/serum chemistry and urinalysis evaluations were done at necropsy, as were organ weight determinations for adrenals, brain, heart, kidneys, liver, ovaries, spleen, testes and thyroid with parathyroids. Full histopathological evaluation of organs was conducted on the control and 50,000 ppm groups, including hematoxylin-eosin-stained cross sections of paraffin-embedded rolled colon. Clinical signs were limited to soft feces in high dose rats and to a lesser extent in low dose rats. There were no treatment-related effects on body weights, urinalysis, hematology or clinical chemistry parameters, or on organ weights or ophthalmic, macroscopic or microscopic findings. The gastrointestinal tract appeared normal in detailed histopathological evaluation using the Swiss roll technique. The NOAEL is 50,000 ppm in the diet (mean calculated test material consumption of 3394+/-706 mg/kg/day in males, 3867+/-647 mg/kg/day in females). The results of the study provide evidence that it is not necessary to characterize carrageenan by a specification for LMT (less than 5% below 50 kDa) as has been done in Commission Directive 2004/45/EC of 16 April 2004 (Commission Directive, 2004/45/EC of 16 April 2004 amending Directive 96/77/EC laying down specific purity criteria on food additives other than colors and sweeteners. Official Journal of European Union 20 April, 2004, L113/19-L113/21).
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra L Weiner
- FMC Corporation, P.O. Box 8, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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Antonopoulos A, Herbreteau B, Lafosse M, Helbert W. Comparative analysis of enzymatically digested kappa-carrageenans, using liquid chromatography on ion-exchange and porous graphitic carbon columns coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1023:231-8. [PMID: 14753689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatically digested kappa (A-G4S)-carrageenans, apart from their biological activities in plants, could be used as 'model' molecules to elucidate potential problems in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of carrageenans. Thus, oligosaccharides obtained from kappa-carrageenan by enzymatic digestion using kappa-carrageenase have been separated on silica and polymeric based ion-exchange and porous graphitic carbon (PGC) columns, coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector. Oligomers were separated on ion-exchange columns using a gradient of ammonium acetate as a developing ion, while analysis on PGC column presented an additional adjacent peak next to each main one, using a gradient of ammonium acetate in water/acetonitrile as a mobile phase. The phenomenon can be attributed to different retention mechanisms that govern the PGC surface. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that acetonitrile can regulate the selectivity between the peaks raising hopes for preparative chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Antonopoulos
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR CNRS 6005, Université d'Orléans, B.P. 6759, 45067 Orléans 2, France
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Tobacman J. Toxic considerations related to ingestion of carrageenan. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2003. [DOI: 10.1201/9780203634523.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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