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Lu JM, Xu X, Aosai F, Zhang MY, Zhou LL, Piao LX. Protective effect of arctiin against Toxoplasma gondii HSP70-induced allergic acute liver injury by disrupting the TLR4-mediated activation of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 and platelet-activating factor. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111254. [PMID: 37995571 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)-derived heat shock protein 70 (T.g.HSP70) is a toxic protein that downregulates host defense responses against T. gondii infection. T.g.HSP70 was proven to induce fatal anaphylaxis in T. gondii infected mice through cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activated-platelet-activating factor (PAF) production via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signaling. In this study, we investigated the effect of arctiin (ARC; a major lignan compound of Fructus arctii) on allergic liver injury using T.g.HSP70-stimulated murine liver cell line (NCTC 1469) and a mouse model of T. gondii infection. Localized surface plasmon resonance, ELISA, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of action of ARC on T. gondii-induced allergic acute liver injury. The results showed that ARC suppressed the T.g.HSP70-induced allergic liver injury in a dose-dependent manner. ARC could directly bind to T.g.HSP70 or TLR4, interfering with the interaction between these two factors, and inhibiting activation of the TLR4/mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling, thereby inhibiting the overproduction of cPLA2, PAF, and interferon-γ. This result suggested that ARC ameliorates T.g.HSP70-induced allergic acute liver injury by disrupting the TLR4-mediated activation of inflammatory mediators, providing a theoretical basis for ARC therapy to improve T.g.HSP70-induced allergic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Mei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Fumie Aosai
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ming-Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lian-Xun Piao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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2
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Li M, Jiang H, Wang Y, Xu Z, Xu H, Chen Y, Zhu J, Lin Z, Zhang M. Effect of arctigenin on neurological diseases: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 315:116642. [PMID: 37236381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Arctium lappa L. is a common specie of Asteraceae. Its main active ingredient, Arctigenin (AG), in mature seeds exerts pharmacological effects on the Central Nervous System (CNS). AIM OF THE STUDY To review studies on the specific effects of the AG mechanism on various CNS diseases and elucidate signal transduction mechanisms and their pharmacological actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS This investigation reviewed the essential role of AG in treating neurological disorders. Basic information on Arctium lappa L. was retrieved from the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. The related articles from 1981 to 2022 on the network database (including CNKI, PubMed, and Wan Fang and so on) were reviewed using AG and CNS diseases-related terms such as Arctigenin and Epilepsy. RESULTS It was confirmed that AG has a therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease, Glioma, infectious CNS diseases (such as Toxoplasma and Japanese Encephalitis Virus), Parkinson's disease, Epilepsy, etc. In these diseases, related experiments such as a Western blot analysis revealed that AG could alter the content of some key factors (such as the reduction of Aβ in Alzheimer's disease). However, in-vivo AG's metabolic process and possible metabolites are still undetermined. CONCLUSION Based on this review, the existing pharmacological research has indeed made objective progress to elucidate how AG prevents and treats CNS diseases, especially senile degenerative disease such as Alzheimer's diseases. It was revealed that AG could be used as a potential nervous system drug as it has a wide range of effects in theory with markedly high application value, especially in the elder group. However, the existing studies are limited to in-vitro experiments; therefore, little is known about how AG metabolizes and functions in-vivo, limiting its clinical application and requiring further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mopu Li
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibin Jiang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zidi Xu
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang Xu
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuetong Chen
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianghu Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Multi-Step In Silico Discovery of Natural Drugs against COVID-19 Targeting Main Protease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136912. [PMID: 35805916 PMCID: PMC9266348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In continuation of our antecedent work against COVID-19, three natural compounds, namely, Luteoside C (130), Kahalalide E (184), and Streptovaricin B (278) were determined as the most promising SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors among 310 naturally originated antiviral compounds. This was performed via a multi-step in silico method. At first, a molecular structure similarity study was done with PRD_002214, the co-crystallized ligand of Mpro (PDB ID: 6LU7), and favored thirty compounds. Subsequently, the fingerprint study performed with respect to PRD_002214 resulted in the election of sixteen compounds (7, 128, 130, 156, 157, 158, 180, 184, 203, 204, 210, 237, 264, 276, 277, and 278). Then, results of molecular docking versus Mpro PDB ID: 6LU7 favored eight compounds (128, 130, 156, 180, 184, 203, 204, and 278) based on their binding affinities. Then, in silico toxicity studies were performed for the promising compounds and revealed that all of them have good toxicity profiles. Finally, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation experiments were carried out for compounds 130, 184, and 278, which exhibited the best binding modes against Mpro. MD tests revealed that luteoside C (130) has the greatest potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 main protease.
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Kiplang’at KP, Boldizsár I, Dobolyi A, Varró P. Effects of dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans arctigenin and trachelogenin on the motility of isolated rat ileum. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1222-1232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Chemical and Biological Evaluation of the Oil and Seedcake from Seeds of a Greek Cardoon Cultivar as Potential Functional Vegetable Oil. Comparison with Sesame, Flaxseed and Extra Virgin Olive Oils. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112665. [PMID: 34828945 PMCID: PMC8618587 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynara cardunculus L. is a plant of the Mediterranean basin, known since antiquity as a food and for its therapeutic properties. The needs of the 21st century for the utilization of agricultural waste has led to the study of the seed oil of a Greek cultivar of Cynaracardunculus (GCCC) as potential nutritional oil, as large amounts of cardoon seeds are discarded. The sterol and fatty acid profile of cold-pressed seed oil was examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS and compared with that of solvent extraction. Total phenolic content was determined and compared with well-known and widely appreciated edible vegetable oils; while, additionally, the total lignan content and nutritional value of cold-pressed oil revealed it as a potential dietary candidate. Furthermore, the seedcake (residue of cold-pressed oil extraction) has been studied exerting it as a good source of phenolics. Both GCCC oil and seedcake were tested for their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities exhibiting higher activity compared to the sesame, flaxseed and extra virgin olive oils. According to the results, Cynara seed oil was shown to be a rich source of ω-6/-9 fatty acids and phenolics, highlighting, indicating that it could be a promising health-promoting vegetable oil, while the seedcake was revealed as a rich source of bioactive compounds.
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Li Y, Wang Q, Wei HC, Liang YY, Niu FJ, Li KW, Zhou SJ, Zhou CZ. Fructus arctii: an overview on its traditional uses, pharmacology and phytochemistry. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:321-336. [PMID: 34612502 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fructus arctii (F. arctii) is the dried ripe fruit of Arctium lappa Willd (Asteraceae). It is being used as a traditional medicine in China, Japan, Iran, Europe, Afghanistan, India, etc. for cough, inflammation, clearing the heat, detoxification, cancer and diabetes. This review summarized the botanical description, distribution, ethnopharmacology, bioactive constituents and pharmacological actions of F. arctii including methods to assess its quality. In addition, this review also provides insights into future research directions on F. arctii to further explore its bioactive constituents, mechanism involved in pharmacological activity, and clinical use including the development of new analytical methods for assessing the quality. KEY FINDINGS The comprehensive analysis of the literature revealed that F. arctii contains lignans, volatile oil, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenes, phenolic acids, etc. Experimental studies on various extracts and drug formulations showed that it has antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypoglycaemic, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, anti-tumour activity, etc. SUMMARY The pharmacological activity of a few major constituents in F. arctii have been identified. However, there are still need more studies and more new technologies to prove the pharmacological activity and the effective mechanism of the other constituents that undergoing uncertain. Except for the animal experiments, clinical studies should be carried out to provide the evidence for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hao-Cheng Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Yu Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Feng-Jv Niu
- Institute of Acupuncture, Shandong Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kun-Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Sheng-Jun Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chang-Zheng Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Graikou K, Kourti PM, Zengin G, Gortzi O, Danalatos N, Chinou I. Chemical Characterisation-Biological Evaluation of Greek Cultivar Cardoon Seeds (Cynara cardunculus). A By-product with Potential High Added Value. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:1025-1031. [PMID: 33902129 DOI: 10.1055/a-1472-6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cynara cardunculus (artichoke) is a perennial plant of the Mediterranean basin, known since antiquity as food and for its therapeutic properties. Cynara is a relatively small genus with two cultivated species and one wild one. Recently, successful efforts have been made to cultivate wild cardoon and monetise it as a bioenergy crop. In this study, the seeds of an established Greek cultivar of C. cardunculus, cultivated in the experimental field and used as biofuel, have been researched for their chemical profile and nutritional value. According to the results, six lignans were isolated [arctigenin, arctiin, trachelogenin, tracheloside, cynarinine, and ethylate of trachelogenin (isolated for the first time from a natural source)] as well as the most characteristic metabolites of the genus (linoleic acid, trilinolein, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid). Moreover, the total phenolic content (31.18 - 54.51 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the seeds have been evaluated and showed strong antioxidant properties (44.42 - 516.81 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) as well as satisfactory bleaching (enzyme tyrosinase, 16.95 - 23.80 mg kojic acid equivalents/g extract), antidiabetic (enzymes a-amylase, a-glucosidase, 0.14 - 1.75 mmol acarbose equivalents/g extract), and protective against neurodegenerative disease (cholinesterase enzymes, 0.49 - 1.22 mg galanthamine equivalents/g extract) activities. The nutritional evaluation of the seeds confirmed them as a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibre (24.1%), and high protein content (19.3%). It is noteworthy that such a neglected bioactive by-product, with essentially high nutritional value, as the studied seeds could be investigated for its value-added applications towards food and food supplements areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantia Graikou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota-Maria Kourti
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Olga Gortzi
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Danalatos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Ioanna Chinou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Kim DH, Choi YR, Shim J, Choi YS, Kim YT, Kim MK, Kim MJ. Suppressive Effect of Arctium Lappa L. Leaves on Retinal Damage Against A2E-Induced ARPE-19 Cells and Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071737. [PMID: 32283798 PMCID: PMC7180975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible loss of vision with 80–90% of patients demonstrating dry type AMD. Dry AMD could possibly be prevented by polyphenol-rich medicinal foods by the inhibition of N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E)-induced oxidative stress and cell damage. Arctium lappa L. (AL) leaves are medicinal and have antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the protective effects of the extract of AL leaves (ALE) on dry AMD models, including in vitro A2E-induced damage in ARPE-19 cells, a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, and in vivo light-induced retinal damage in BALB/c mice. According to the total phenolic contents (TPCs), total flavonoid contents (TFCs) and antioxidant activities, ALE was rich in polyphenols and had antioxidant efficacies on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) assays. The effects of ALE on A2E accumulation and A2E-induced cell death were also monitored. Despite continued exposure to A2E (10 μM), ALE attenuated A2E accumulation in APRE-19 cells with levels similar to lutein. A2E-induced cell death at high concentration (25 μM) was also suppressed by ALE by inhibiting the apoptotic signaling pathway. Furthermore, ALE could protect the outer nuclear layer (ONL) in the retina from light-induced AMD in BALB/c mice. In conclusion, ALE could be considered a potentially valuable medicinal food for dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hee Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.H.K.); (Y.R.C.); (J.S.); (Y.T.K.)
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea;
| | - Yae Rim Choi
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.H.K.); (Y.R.C.); (J.S.); (Y.T.K.)
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jaewon Shim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.H.K.); (Y.R.C.); (J.S.); (Y.T.K.)
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.H.K.); (Y.R.C.); (J.S.); (Y.T.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Mina Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea;
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.H.K.); (Y.R.C.); (J.S.); (Y.T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-219-9380
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Tan YJ, Ren YS, Gao L, Li LF, Cui LJ, Li B, Li X, Yang J, Wang MZ, Lv YY, Xu XL, Yao JC, Liu Z, Zhang GM, Li J. 28-Day Oral Chronic Toxicity Study of Arctigenin in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1077. [PMID: 30319414 PMCID: PMC6169246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctium lappa (burdock) is the most popular daily edible vegetable in China and Japan because of its general health tonic effects. Previous studies focused on the beneficial role of Arctigenin but neglected its potential side-effects and toxicities. In the present study, the sub-chronic toxicity profile of Arctigenin following 28 days of consecutive exposure was investigated in rats. The results showed that during the drug exposure period, Arctigenin-12 mg/kg administration resulted in focal necrosis and lymphocytes infiltration of heart ventricular septal muscle cells. In the kidney cortical zone, the renal tubular epithelial cells were swollen, mineralized, and lymphocyte infiltrated. In the liver, the partial hepatocyte cytoplasm showed vacuolation and fatty changes, focal necrosis, and interstitial lymphocyte infiltration. In the rats that underwent 36 mg/kg/day administration, there was bilateral testis and epididymis atrophy. In the lung and primary bronchus, erythrocytes and edema fluid were observed. Changes of proestrus or estrus were observed in the uterus, cervix, and vagina intimal epithelial cells. Lymphocytic focal infiltration occurred in the prostate mesenchyme. The high dosage of Arctigenin only decreased the body weight at day 4. At the end of the recovery period, histopathological changes were irreversible, even after withdrawal of the drug for 28 days. Focal necrosis still existed in the heart ventricular septal muscle cells and hepatocytes. Lymphocyte infiltrations were observed in the heart, renal cortex, hepatocyte, and pancreas exocrine gland. Meanwhile, atrophy occurred in the testicles and pancreas. In addition, in the Arctigenin-12 mg/kg group, creatinine (CREA) and brain weight were both significantly increased. The toxicokinetical study demonstrated that Arctigenin accumulated in the organs of rats. The food consumption, hematological, and biochemical parameters were not associated with the above results. These contradictory results might result from the lesions induced by Arctigenin, which were not sufficiently serious to change the parameters. These results suggest that Arctium lappa should be consumed daily with caution because of the potential toxicity induced by Arctigenin. According to all results, the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) was induced by 12 mg/kg daily exposure to Arctigenin, and the No-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) should be lower than 12 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Tan
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yu-Shan Ren
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Lan-Fang Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Li-Juan Cui
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Wang
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lv
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xu
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jing-Chun Yao
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Gui-Min Zhang
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
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10
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Li J, Li X, Ren YS, Lv YY, Zhang JS, Xu XL, Wang XZ, Yao JC, Zhang GM, Liu Z. Elucidation of Arctigenin Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution after Intravenous, Oral, Hypodermic and Sublingual Administration in Rats and Beagle Dogs: Integration of In Vitro and In Vivo Findings. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:376. [PMID: 28659807 PMCID: PMC5469903 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although arctigenin (AG) has diverse bioactivities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunoregulatory and neuroprotective activities, its pharmacokinetics have not been systematically evaluated. The purpose of this work was to identify the pharmacokinetic properties of AG via various experiments in vivo and in vitro. In this research, rats and beagle dogs were used to investigate the PK (pharmacokinetics, PK) profiles of AG with different drug-delivery manners, including intravenous (i.v), hypodermic injection (i.h), and sublingual (s.l) administration. The data shows that AG exhibited a strong absorption capacity in both rats and beagle dogs (absorption rate < 1 h), a high absorption degree (absolute bioavailability > 100%), and a strong elimination ability (t1/2 < 2 h). The tissue distributions of AG at different time points after i.h showed that the distribution of AG in rat tissues is rapid (2.5 h to reach the peak) and wide (detectable in almost all tissues and organs). The AG concentration in the intestine was the highest, followed by that in the heart, liver, pancreas, and kidney. In vitro, AG were incubated with human, monkey, beagle dog and rat liver microsomes. The concentrations of AG were detected by UPLC-MS/MS at different time points (from 0 min to 90 min). The percentages of AG remaining in four species’ liver microsomes were human (62 ± 6.36%) > beagle dog (25.9 ± 3.24%) > rat (15.7 ± 9%) > monkey (3.69 ± 0.12%). This systematic investigation of pharmacokinetic profiles of arctigenin (AG) in vivo and in vitro is worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LtdLinyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LtdLinyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China
| | - Yu-Shan Ren
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LtdLinyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lv
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LtdLinyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Zhang
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LtdLinyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xu
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LtdLinyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China
| | - Xian-Zhen Wang
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LtdLinyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China
| | - Jing-Chun Yao
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LtdLinyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China
| | - Gui-Min Zhang
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LtdLinyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LtdLinyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdLinyi, China
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11
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Daci A, Neziri B, Krasniqi S, Cavolli R, Alaj R, Norata GD, Beretta G. Arctigenin improves vascular tone and decreases inflammation in human saphenous vein. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 810:51-56. [PMID: 28603045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to test the effects of bioactive phenylpropanoid dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan arctigenin (ATG) in vascular tone. Human bypass graft vessel, from a saphenous vein (SV), were set up in organ bath system and contracted with potassium chloride (KCl, 40mM). Two concentration-response curves of noradrenaline (NE) (10nM-100μM) separated with an incubation period of 30min without (Control) or with ATG (3-100μM) were established. Inhibitors of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, K+ related channels or calcium influx were used to delineate the molecular mechanisms beyond ATG effects. To investigate anti-inflammatory actions, SV were treated with 10μM or 100μM ATG and incubated for 18h in the absence or presence of both interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the physiological or inflamed tissue conditions. Proatherogenic and inflammatory mediators İnterleukine-1 beta (IL-1β), Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteine-1 (MCP-1), Tumor Necrosis Factor- α (TNF-α), İnterleukine-6 (IL-6), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and İnterleukine-8 (IL-8) in the supernatant were measured. ATG significantly decreased vascular contractile response to NE. Moreover, it reduced contractions induced by KCl and cumulative addition of CaCl2. The mediators were significantly increased in inflammatory conditions compared to normal conditions, an effect which was inhibited by ATG (10 and 100µM). ATG reduces contractions in SV and decreases the production of proinflammatory-proatherogenic mediators, setting the stage for further evaluating the effect of ATG in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Burim Neziri
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Shaip Krasniqi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | - Raif Cavolli
- Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Rame Alaj
- Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Huang X, Chen M, Ding Y, Wang Q. Arctigenin protects against neuronal hearing loss by promoting neural stem cell survival and differentiation. Genesis 2016; 55. [PMID: 28026149 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal hearing loss has become a prevalent health problem. This study focused on the function of arctigenin (ARC) in promoting survival and neuronal differentiation of mouse cochlear neural stem cells (NSCs), and its protection against gentamicin (GMC) induced neuronal hearing loss. Mouse cochlea was used to isolate NSCs, which were subsequently cultured in vitro. The effects of ARC on NSC survival, neurosphere formation, differentiation of NSCs, neurite outgrowth, and neural excitability in neuronal network in vitro were examined. Mechanotransduction ability demonstrated by intact cochlea, auditory brainstem response (ABR), and distortion product optoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) amplitude in mice were measured to evaluate effects of ARC on GMC-induced neuronal hearing loss. ARC increased survival, neurosphere formation, neuron differentiation of NSCs in mouse cochlear in vitro. ARC also promoted the outgrowth of neurites, as well as neural excitability of the NSC-differentiated neuron culture. Additionally, ARC rescued mechanotransduction capacity, restored the threshold shifts of ABR and DPOAE in our GMC ototoxicity murine model. This study supports the potential therapeutic role of ARC in promoting both NSCs proliferation and differentiation in vitro to functional neurons, thus supporting its protective function in the therapeutic treatment of neuropathic hearing loss in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Huang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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13
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Koriem KMM, Idris ZH, Haron HF, Omar NA, Lazain HS. Therapeutic effect of Arctium lappa in Schistosoma haematobium associated kidney disturbance: biochemical and molecular effects. J Parasit Dis 2016; 40:1246-1254. [PMID: 27876925 PMCID: PMC5118288 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-015-0662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium) infection has been found to be strongly associated with bladder cancer, which necessitates for discover of a natural new therapeutic agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Arctium lappa seed extract in S. haematobium associated kidney disturbance. Forty male albino mice were used and divided into four equal groups; group 1 control includes non-infected healthy mice, groups 2, 3 and 4 subcutaneous infected with S. haematobium cercariae. Groups 3 co-treated daily with oral dose of A. lappa seed extract (300 mg/kg, bwt) for 15 days in the same time of S. haematobium infection. Groups 4 post-treated daily for 15 days with oral dose of A. lappa seed extract (300 mg/kg, bwt) after 15 days of S. haematobium infection. The results obtained revealed that S. haematobium significantly decreased kidney weight and serum sodium, potassium and chloride, but increased urinary volume, urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride, serum urea, creatinine and uric acid. Schistosoma haematobium also significantly decreased kidney superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione levels while increased kidney lipid peroxidation level. Co- and post-treatment with A. lappa seed extract restore all the above parameters to approach the normal values. These results were supported with histopathological examinations. In conclusion, A. lappa seed extract has therapeutic effect in kidney disturbance caused by S. haematobium where co-treatment of A. lappa seed extract was more effective than post-treatment of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M. M. Koriem
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 13200 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zulzamri H. Idris
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hasniza F. Haron
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nurulhuda A. Omar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Halita S. Lazain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
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14
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YOO JAEMYUNG, YANG JUHYE, YANG HYEJIN, CHO WONKYUNG, MA JINYEUL. Inhibitory effect of fermented Arctium lappa fruit extract on the IgE-mediated allergic response in RBL-2H3 cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:501-8. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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15
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Sólyomváry A, Mervai Z, Tóth G, Ress ÁE, Noszál B, Molnár-Perl I, Baghy K, Kovalszky I, Boldizsár I. A simple and effective enrichment process of the antiproliferative lignan arctigenin based on the endogenous enzymatic hydrolysis of Serratula tinctoria and Arctium lappa fruits. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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Liu F, Xi X, Wang M, Fan L, Geng Y, Wang X. Isolation and purification of arctigenin from Fructus Arctii
by enzymatic hydrolysis combined with high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:376-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center; Shandong Academy of Sciences; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xingjun Xi
- China National Institute of Standardization; Beijing China
| | - Mei Wang
- College of Lishan; Shandong Normal University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Li Fan
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center; Shandong Academy of Sciences; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yanling Geng
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center; Shandong Academy of Sciences; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center; Shandong Academy of Sciences; Jinan Shandong China
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17
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Neuroprotective effect of arctigenin via upregulation of P-CREB in mouse primary neurons and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:18657-69. [PMID: 24025424 PMCID: PMC3794801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140918657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctigenin (Arc) has been shown to act on scopolamine-induced memory deficit mice and to provide a neuroprotective effect on cultured cortical neurons from glutamate-induced neurodegeneration through mechanisms not completely defined. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of Arc on H89-induced cell damage and its potential mechanisms in mouse cortical neurons and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We found that Arc prevented cell viability loss induced by H89 in human SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, Arc reduced intracellular beta amyloid (Aβ) production induced by H89 in neurons and human SH-SY5Y cells, and Arc also inhibited the presenilin 1(PS1) protein level in neurons. In addition, neural apoptosis in both types of cells, inhibition of neurite outgrowth in human SH-SY5Y cells and reduction of synaptic marker synaptophysin (SYN) expression in neurons were also observed after H89 exposure. All these effects induced by H89 were markedly reversed by Arc treatment. Arc also significantly attenuated downregulation of the phosphorylation of CREB (p-CREB) induced by H89, which may contribute to the neuroprotective effects of Arc. These results demonstrated that Arc exerted the ability to protect neurons and SH-SY5Y cells against H89-induced cell injury via upregulation of p-CREB.
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18
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Hyam SR, Lee IA, Gu W, Kim KA, Jeong JJ, Jang SE, Han MJ, Kim DH. Arctigenin ameliorates inflammation in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway and polarizing M1 macrophages to M2-like macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 708:21-9. [PMID: 23375938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of Arctium lappa, containing arctigenin and its glycoside arctiin as main constituents, have been used as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying agent in Chinese traditional medicine. In our preliminary study, arctigenin inhibited IKKβ and NF-κB activation in peptidoglycan (PGN)- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritoneal macrophages. To understand the anti-inflammatory effect of arctigenin, we investigated its anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages and on LPS-induced systemic inflammation as well as 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice. Arctigenin inhibited LPS-increased IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expression in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages, but increased LPS-reduced IL-10 and CD204 expression. Arctigenin inhibited LPS-induced PI3K, AKT and IKKβ phosphorylation, but did not suppress LPS-induced IRAK-1 phosphorylation. However, arctigenin did not inhibit NF-κB activation in LPS-stimulated PI3K siRNA-treated peritoneal macrophages. Arctigenin suppressed the binding of p-PI3K antibody and the nucleus translocation of NF-κB p65 in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. Arctigenin suppressed blood IL-1β and TNF-α level in mice systemically inflamed by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Arctigenin also inhibited colon shortening, macroscopic scores and myeloperoxidase activity in TNBS-induced colitic mice. Arctigenin inhibited TNBS-induced IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 expression, as well as PI3K, AKT and IKKβ phosphorylation and NF-κB activation in mice, but increased IL-10 and CD204 expression. However, it did not affect IRAK-1 phosphorylation. Based on these findings, arctigenin may ameliorate inflammatory diseases, such as colitis, by inhibiting PI3K and polarizing M1 macrophages to M2-like macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya R Hyam
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Jung IH, Jang SE, Joh EH, Chung J, Han MJ, Kim DH. Lancemaside A isolated from Codonopsis lanceolata and its metabolite echinocystic acid ameliorate scopolamine-induced memory and learning deficits in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 20:84-88. [PMID: 23079229 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The rhizome of Codonopsis lanceolata (family Campanulaceae), which contains lancemaside A as a main constituent, has been used as herbal medicine to treat inflammation, insomnia, and hypomnesia. Lancemaside A and echinocystic acid, which is its metabolite by intestinal microflora, potently inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with IC₅₀ value 13.6 μM and 12.2 μM, respectively. Its inhibitory potency is comparable with that of donepezil (IC₅₀=10.9 μM). Lancemaside A and echinocystic acid significantly reversed scopolamine-induced memory and learning deficits on passive avoidance task. Lancemaside A orally administered 5h before treatment with scopolamine reversed scopolamine-induced memory and learning deficits more potently than one orally administered 1h before. Echinocystic acid more potently reversed it than lancemaside A. Lancemaside A and echinocystic acid significantly reversed scopolamine-induced memory and learning deficits on the Y-maze and Morris water maze tasks. Lancemaside A and echinocystic acid also increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB). Based on these findings, orally administered lancemaside A may be metabolized to echinocystic acid, which may be absorbed into the blood and ameliorate memory and learning deficits by inhibiting AChE activity and inducing BDNF and p-CREB expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hoon Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Jung IH, Jung MA, Kim EJ, Han MJ, Kim DH. Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 protects scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:1498-506. [PMID: 22925033 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In the preliminary study, kimchi, a traditional food fermented with Chinese cabbage, protected scopolamine-induced mouse memory deficit in passive avoidance test. Therefore, we screened protective ingredients, particularly lactic acid bacteria, from Chinese cabbage kimchi against scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactic acid bacteria, isolated from Chinese cabbage kimchi, were identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis, G+C content and cellular fatty acid composition and sugar fermentation test. Memory deficit was induced in mice by intraperitoneally injecting with scopolamine. Kimchi, particularly its supernatant, protected scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice in passive avoidance test. Of kimchi ingredients, a lactic acid bacterium, strain C29, potently protected scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice. C29 was a gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic and non-motile rod. Its pylogenetic property was near to Lactobacillus pentosus (99%) and Lact. plantarum (99%). However, C29 fermented inulin and L-rhamnose and grew in pH 3 and at 45°C in contrast with Lact. pentosus and Lact. plantarum. Therefore, it named to be Lact pentosus var. plantarum C29. The strain C29 protected scopolamine-induced memory deficit in Y-maze and Morris water maze tests. Furthermore, C29 increased hippocampal BDNF and p-CREB expressions, which were reduced by scopolamine. CONCLUSION Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 may protect memory deficit by inducing BDNF and p-CREB expressions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Lactic acid bacteria, such as Lact pentosus var. plantarum C29, may prevent memory deficit and its contained fermented foods may be beneficial for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-H Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee Univertisy, Seoul, Korea
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Jung IH, Lee JH, Hyun YJ, Kim DH. Metabolism of Ginsenoside Rb1 by Human Intestinal Microflora and Cloning of Its Metabolizing β- D-Glucosidase from Bifidobacterium longum H-1. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:573-81. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.35.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hoon Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
| | - Yang-Jin Hyun
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
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