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de Lima TM, Martins RB, Miura CS, Souza MVO, Cassiano MHA, Rodrigues TS, Veras FP, Sousa JDF, Gomes R, de Almeida GM, Melo SR, da Silva GC, Dias M, Capato CF, Silva ML, Luiz VEDDB, Carenzi LR, Zamboni DS, Jorge DMDM, Cunha FDQ, Tamashiro E, Anselmo-Lima WT, Valera FCP, Arruda E. Tonsils are major sites of persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in children. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0134723. [PMID: 37737615 PMCID: PMC10581087 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01347-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect palatine tonsils, adenoids, and secretions in children without symptoms of COVID-19, with no history of recent upper airway infection. We studied 48 children undergoing tonsillectomy due to snoring/OSA or recurrent tonsillitis between October 2020 and September 2021. Nasal cytobrushes, nasal washes, and tonsillar tissue fragments obtained at surgery were tested by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry, and neutralization assay. We detected the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in at least one specimen tested in 27% of patients. IHC revealed the presence of the viral nucleoprotein in epithelial surface and in lymphoid cells in both extrafollicular and follicular regions, in adenoids and palatine tonsils. Also, IHC for the SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein NSP-16 indicated the presence of viral replication in 53.8% of the SARS-CoV-2-infected tissues. Flow cytometry showed that CD20+ B lymphocytes were the most infected phenotypes, followed by CD4+ lymphocytes and CD123 dendritic cells, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and CD14+ macrophages. Additionally, IF indicated that infected tonsillar tissues had increased expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. NGS sequencing demonstrated the presence of different SARS-CoV-2 variants in tonsils from different tissues. SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection was not restricted to tonsils but was also detected in nasal cells from the olfactory region. Palatine tonsils and adenoids are sites of prolonged RNA presence by SARS-CoV-2 in children, even without COVID-19 symptoms. IMPORTANCE This study shows that SRS-CoV-2 of different lineages can infect tonsils and adenoids in one quarter of children undergoing tonsillectomy. These findings bring advancement to the area of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, by showing that tonsils may be sites of prolonged infection, even without evidence of recent COVID-19 symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 infection of B and T lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells may interfere with the mounting of immune responses in these secondary lymphoid organs. Moreover, the shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory secretions from silently infected children raises concern about possible diagnostic confusion in the presence of symptoms of acute respiratory infections caused by other etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Melquiades de Lima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Bragança Martins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, University of São Paulo School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Sponchiado Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Vitória Oliveira Souza
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Murilo Henrique Anzolini Cassiano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamara Silva Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Protásio Veras
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of São Paulo School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josane de Freitas Sousa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Gomes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria de Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stella Rezende Melo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Condé da Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Dias
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fabiano Capato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Silva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Ester Dias de Barros Luiz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rodrigues Carenzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dario Simões Zamboni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Macedo de Melo Jorge
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edwin Tamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilma Terezinha Anselmo-Lima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cardoso Pereira Valera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eurico Arruda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Heredia-Rodríguez M, Balbás-Álvarez S, Lorenzo-López M, Gómez-Pequera E, Jorge-Monjas P, Rojo-Rello S, Sánchez-De Prada L, Sanz-Muñoz I, Eiros JM, Martínez-Paz P, Gonzalo-Benito H, Tamayo-Velasco Á, Martín-Fernández M, Sánchez-Conde P, Tamayo E, Gómez-Sánchez E. PCR-based diagnosis of respiratory virus in postsurgical septic patients: A preliminary study before SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29902. [PMID: 35960076 PMCID: PMC9370242 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses are part of the normal microbiota of the respiratory tract, which sometimes cause infection with/without respiratory insufficiency and the need for hospital or ICU admission. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of respiratory viruses in nontransplanted postoperative septic patients as well as lymphocyte count influence in their presence and its relationship to mortality. 223 nontransplanted postsurgical septic patients were recruited on the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid prior to the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. Patients were split into 2 groups according to the presence/absence of respiratory viruses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors related to positive respiratory virus PCR test. Respiratory viruses were isolated in 28.7% of patients. 28-day mortality was not significantly different between virus-positive and virus-negative groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that lymphocyte count ≤ 928/µl is independently associated with a positive PCR result [OR 3.76, 95% CI (1.71-8.26), P = .001] adjusted by platelet count over 128,500/µL [OR 4.27, 95% CI (1.92-9.50) P < .001] and the presence of hypertension [OR 2.69, 95% CI (1.13-6.36) P = .025] as confounding variables. Respiratory viruses' detection by using PCR in respiratory samples of nontransplanted postoperative septic patients is frequent. These preliminary results revealed that the presence of lymphopenia on sepsis diagnosis is independently associated to a positive virus result, which is not related to a higher 28-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Heredia-Rodríguez
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sara Balbás-Álvarez
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mario Lorenzo-López
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Gómez-Pequera
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Jorge-Monjas
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Silvia Rojo-Rello
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-De Prada
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ivan Sanz-Muñoz
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - José María Eiros
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pedro Martínez-Paz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Hugo Gonzalo-Benito
- Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Instituto de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (ICSCyL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Tamayo-Velasco
- Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta Martín-Fernández
- Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta Martín-Fernández, Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (e-mail: )
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tamayo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Esther Gómez-Sánchez
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
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Ivaska LE, Silvoniemi A, Mikola E, Puhakka T, Waris M, Vuorinen T, Jartti T. Herpesvirus infections in adenoids in patients with chronic adenotonsillar disease. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4470-4477. [PMID: 35488185 PMCID: PMC9545566 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Adenoids and tonsils have gained interest as a new in vivo model to study local immune functions and virus reservoirs. Especially herpesviruses are interesting because their prevalence and persistence in local lymphoid tissue are incompletely known. Our aim was to study herpesvirus and common respiratory virus infections in nonacutely ill adenotonsillar surgery patients. Adenoid and/or palatine tonsil tissue and nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) samples were collected from elective adenoidectomy (n = 45) and adenotonsillectomy (n = 44) patients (median age: 5, range: 1–20). Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect 22 distinct viruses from collected samples. The overall prevalence of herpesviruses was 89% and respiratory viruses 94%. Human herpesviruses 6 (HHV6), 7 (HHV7), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) were found, respectively, in adenoids (33%, 26%, 25%), tonsils (45%, 52%, 23%), and NPA (46%, 38%, 25%). Copy numbers of the HHV6 and HHV7 genome were significantly higher in tonsils than in adenoids. Patients with intra‐adenoid HHV6 were younger than those without. Detection rates of EBV and HHV7 showed agreement between corresponding sample types. This study shows that adenoid and tonsil tissues commonly harbor human herpes‐ and respiratory viruses, and it shows the differences in virus findings between sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta E Ivaska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Silvoniemi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emilia Mikola
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
| | - Tuomo Puhakka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Waris
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tytti Vuorinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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4
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Xu M, Perdomo MF, Mattola S, Pyöriä L, Toppinen M, Qiu J, Vihinen-Ranta M, Hedman K, Nokso-Koivisto J, Aaltonen LM, Söderlund-Venermo M. Persistence of Human Bocavirus 1 in Tonsillar Germinal Centers and Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Infection. mBio 2021; 12:e03132-20. [PMID: 33531399 PMCID: PMC7858059 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03132-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), a nonenveloped single-stranded DNA parvovirus, causes mild to life-threatening respiratory tract infections, acute otitis media, and encephalitis in young children. HBoV1 often persists in nasopharyngeal secretions for months, hampering diagnosis. It has also been shown to persist in pediatric palatine and adenoid tonsils, which suggests that lymphoid organs are reservoirs for virus spread; however, the tissue site and host cells remain unknown. Our aim was to determine, in healthy nonviremic children with preexisting HBoV1 immunity, the adenotonsillar persistence site(s), host cell types, and virus activity. We discovered that HBoV1 DNA persists in lymphoid germinal centers (GCs), but not in the corresponding tonsillar epithelium, and that the cell types harboring the virus are mainly naive, activated, and memory B cells and monocytes. Both viral DNA strands and both sides of the genome were detected, as well as infrequent mRNA. Moreover, we showed, in B-cell and monocyte cultures and ex vivo tonsillar B cells, that the cellular uptake of HBoV1 occurs via the Fc receptor (FcγRII) through antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). This resulted in viral mRNA transcription, known to occur exclusively from double-stranded DNA in the nucleus, however, with no detectable productive replication. Confocal imaging with fluorescent virus-like particles moreover disclosed endocytosis. To which extent the active HBoV1 GC persistence has a role in chronic inflammation or B-cell maturation disturbances, and whether the virus can be reactivated, will be interesting topics for forthcoming studies.IMPORTANCE Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), a common pediatric respiratory pathogen, can persist in airway secretions for months hampering diagnosis. It also persists in tonsils, providing potential reservoirs for airway shedding, with the exact location, host cell types, and virus activity unknown. Our study provides new insights into tonsillar HBoV1 persistence. We observed HBoV1 persistence exclusively in germinal centers where immune maturation occurs, and the main host cells were B cells and monocytes. In cultured cell lines and primary tonsillar B cells, we showed the virus uptake to be significantly enhanced by HBoV1-specific antibodies, mediated by the cellular IgG receptor, leading to viral mRNA synthesis, but without detectable productive replication. Possible implications of such active viral persistence could be tonsillar inflammation, disturbances in immune maturation, reactivation, or cell death with release of virus DNA, explaining the long-lasting HBoV1 airway shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Salla Mattola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Lari Pyöriä
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Toppinen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jianming Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Maija Vihinen-Ranta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Klaus Hedman
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Nokso-Koivisto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena-Maija Aaltonen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Martins RB, Rocha LP, Prates MM, Gagliardi TB, Biasoli B, Leite MJ, Buzatto G, Hyppolito MA, Aragon DC, Tamashiro E, Valera FCP, Arruda E, Anselmo-Lima WT. Respiratory DNA viruses are undetectable in nasopharyngeal secretions from adenotonsillectomized children. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174188. [PMID: 28306724 PMCID: PMC5357011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses are frequently detected in association with chronic tonsillar hypertrophy in the absence of symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI). The present analysis was done in follow-up to a previous clinical study done by this same group. Nasopharyngeal washes (NPWs) were obtained from 83 of 120 individuals at variable times post adenotonsillectomy, in the absence of ARI symptoms. A look back at virus detection results in NPWs from the same 83 individuals at the time of tonsillectomy revealed that 73.5% (61/83) were positive for one or more viruses. The overall frequency of respiratory virus detection in post-tonsillectomy NPWs was 58.8%. Rhinovirus (RV) was the agent most frequently detected, in 38 of 83 subjects (45.8%), followed by enterovirus in 7 (8.4%), human metapneumovirus in 6 (7.2%), human respiratory syncytial virus in 3 (3.6%) and human coronavirus in 1 (1.2%). Remarkably, there was no detection of adenovirus (HAdV) or human bocavirus (HBoV) in asymptomatic individuals in follow-up of adenotonsillectomy. In keeping with persistence of respiratory DNA viruses in human tonsils, tonsillectomy significantly reduces asymptomatic shedding of HAdV and HBoV in NPWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Bragança Martins
- Departments of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Lucas Penna Rocha
- Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mirela Moreira Prates
- Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Talita Bianca Gagliardi
- Departments of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Balduino Biasoli
- Departments of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Junqueira Leite
- Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Buzatto
- Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angelo Hyppolito
- Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Davi Casale Aragon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Edwin Tamashiro
- Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cardoso Pereira Valera
- Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eurico Arruda
- Departments of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wilma Terezinha Anselmo-Lima
- Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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