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Yoshida E, Hayashida H. Influence of Practice Periodization and Sleep Duration on Oxidative Stress in High School Judo Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:163. [PMID: 37755840 PMCID: PMC10536924 DOI: 10.3390/sports11090163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous research studies have investigated the relationship between exercise, oxidative stress level, and condition in athletes who engage in intense training on a daily basis. However, it is known that oxidative stress is affected by exercise, sleep, and the psychological state, but there are only a few studies that have comprehensively examined oxidative stress based on the actual practice periods and living conditions of athletes. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the influence of three distinct training periods (short training period, intensive training period, and pre-competition periods) as well as life situations (sleep and number of steps) on oxidative stress levels (diacron reactive oxygen metabolites: d-ROMs) in high school judo athletes. The results showed that, among the three periods, the level of oxidative stress increased the most during the pre-competition period, and the value was higher than during the training period, when the intensity of training was highest. The levels of the d-ROMs values during the pre-competition period were negatively correlated with the amount of sleep on the previous day. The findings suggest that, besides the exercise intensity, factors such as sleep duration and other life situations should be regarded as critical considerations for high school judo athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harumi Hayashida
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kuroganecho, Aoba Ward, Yokohama 225-0025, Japan;
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2
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Mastali VP, Hoseini R, Azizi M. The effect of short-term vitamin D on the antioxidant capacity following exhaustive aerobic exercise. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:584-591. [PMID: 37545926 PMCID: PMC10398448 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exhaustive Aerobic Exercise (EAE) increases the production of free radicals and oxidative stress in the body. One of the most effective approaches to reduce EAE-induced oxidative stress is antioxidant supplementation. Objectives Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of short-term Vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation on antioxidant capacity in inactive men following an EAE session. Methods In this clinical trial, 24 non-athlete men were randomly divided into Experimental (Exp; n = 12) and Control (C; n = 12) groups. Exp received 2,000 IU of Vit D daily for six weeks (42 days), while C received a lactose placebo daily with the same color, shape, and warmth percentage. EAE sessions were performed on a treadmill before and after six weeks of supplementation. Results The results showed that EAE increased antioxidant capacity and Vit D (P<0.05). Compared with C, six weeks of Vit D supplementation significantly increased superoxide dismutase (P=0.001), glutathione peroxidase (P=0.011), catalase (P=0.018), peroxidase (P=0.001), and Vit D (P=0.001), in the Exp at the Post 2 stage. Conclusion Finally, short-term Vit D supplementation could be recommended to non-athlete men deciding to participate in EAE to prevent oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Parvizi Mastali
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azizi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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3
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Pérez-Castillo ÍM, Rueda R, Bouzamondo H, López-Chicharro J, Mihic N. Biomarkers of post-match recovery in semi-professional and professional football (soccer). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1167449. [PMID: 37113691 PMCID: PMC10126523 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1167449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-level football (soccer) players face intense physical demands that result in acute and residual fatigue, impairing their physical performance in subsequent matches. Further, top-class players are frequently exposed to match-congested periods where sufficient recovery times are not achievable. To evaluate training and recovery strategies, the monitoring of players' recovery profiles is crucial. Along with performance and neuro-mechanical impairments, match-induced fatigue causes metabolic disturbances denoted by changes in chemical analytes that can be quantified in different body fluids such as blood, saliva, and urine, thus acting as biomarkers. The monitoring of these molecules might supplement performance, neuromuscular and cognitive measurements to guide coaches and trainers during the recovery period. The present narrative review aims to comprehensively review the scientific literature on biomarkers of post-match recovery in semi-professional and professional football players as well as provide an outlook on the role that metabolomic studies might play in this field of research. Overall, no single gold-standard biomarker of match-induced fatigue exists, and a range of metabolites are available to assess different aspects of post-match recovery. The use of biomarker panels might be suitable to simultaneously monitoring these broad physiological processes, yet further research on fluctuations of different analytes throughout post-match recovery is warranted. Although important efforts have been made to address the high interindividual heterogeneity of available markers, limitations inherent to these markers might compromise the information they provide to guide recovery protocols. Further research on metabolomics might benefit from evaluating the long-term recovery period from a high-level football match to shed light upon new biomarkers of post-match recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José López-Chicharro
- Real Madrid, Medical Services, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: José López-Chicharro,
| | - Niko Mihic
- Real Madrid, Medical Services, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Sarkhosh-Khorasani S, Sangsefidi ZS, Hosseinzadeh M. The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutr J 2021; 20:25. [PMID: 33712024 PMCID: PMC7971097 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature showed that Grape Products Containing Polyphenols (GPCP) had anti-oxidant activity. However, the effects of GPCP on different biomarkers of oxidative stress are still controversial. In this regard, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of Grape Products Containing Polyphenols (GPCP) intake on oxidative stress markers. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar data bases were searched up to August 20, 2020. A random-effects model, weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied for data analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted over 17 eligible RCTs with a total of 633 participants. The study registration number is CRD42019116696. RESULTS A significant increase was observed in Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1.524 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83, 2.21). Intake of GPCP enhanced Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) (WMD = 0.450 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.66), TAC (WMD = 2.829 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.13, 5.52), and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) (WMD = 0.524 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.62) among healthy participants. Higher GPCP doses increased SOD (WMD = 0.539 U/mgHb, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.82) and ORAC (WMD = 0.377 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.67), whereas longer intervention periods enhanced ORAC (WMD = 0.543 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.64). CONCLUSION GPCP intake may partly improve status of oxidative stress, but further well-designed trials are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sarkhosh-Khorasani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Williamson-Reisdorph CM, Quindry TS, Tiemessen KG, Cuddy J, Hailes W, Slivka D, Ruby BC, Quindry JC. Blood oxidative stress and post-exercise recovery are unaffected byhypobaric and hypoxic environments. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1356-1365. [PMID: 33423613 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1872960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypobaria and hypoxia exert independent effects on oxidative stress during exercise, while combined effectson the post-exercise recovery period remain unclear.Accordingly, this study examined the recovery period during lab-simulated hypoxic and hypobaric conditions following exercise-induced oxidative stress. Participants (n=13) performed 60-minutes of cycling (70% watts max) in a normobaric normoxic environment followed by a four-hour recovery under three conditions; 1000m normobaric normoxia (NN, 675mmHg), 4400m normobaric hypoxia (NH, 675mmHg), or 4400m hypobaric hypoxia (HH, 440mmHg). Blood samples collected at Pre, Post, 2-Hours (2-HR), and 4-Hours (4-HR) post-exercise were analyzed fora potential increase in biochemical modifications of proteins(protein carbonyls, PC; 3-nitrotyrosines, 3NT) lipids (lipid hydroperoxides, LOOH; 8-isoprostanes, 8-ISO), and antioxidant capacity (FRAP, TEAC). Gene transcripts (EPAS, HMOX1, SOD2, NFE2L2) were quantified by qRT-PCR from muscle biopsies taken Pre and Post exercise. Hypoxia and hypobaria had no effect throughout recovery. Post-exercise TEAC (p=0.041), FRAP (p=0.013), and 8-ISO (p=0.044) increased, while PC (p=0.002) and 3-NT (p=0.032) were decreased. LOOH was lower in Post (p=0.018) NH trial samples. Exercise-dependent increases occurred in NFE2L2 (p=0.003), HMXO1 (p<0.001), SOD2 (p=0.046), and EPAS (p=0.038). Exercise recovery under conditions of NH and HH did not impact blood oxidative stress or redox-sensitive gene transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany S Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Kathryn G Tiemessen
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - John Cuddy
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Walter Hailes
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Dustin Slivka
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska - Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brent C Ruby
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - John C Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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Li G, Li J, Gao F. Exercise and Cardiovascular Protection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1228:205-216. [PMID: 32342460 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that exercise training not only reduces cardiovascular disease risk but also provides direct endogenous cardiovascular protection. The mechanisms that have been proposed to be responsible for exercise-induced cardioprotection include intrinsic myocardial changes such as increased cytosolic antioxidant capacity and altered mitochondrial phenotype, myokine-mediated metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects in the cardiovascular system, and systemic effects on the cardiovascular system via interorgan cross talk. There remains much to be elucidated in the mechanisms for exercise-afforded cardioprotection. This chapter reviews exercise-induced acute and chronic responses in cardiovascular system, the epidemiological evidence of exercise training and cardiorespiratory fitness in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and the current understanding of the mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Li
- School of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Salivary and Plasmatic Antioxidant Profile following Continuous, Resistance, and High-Intensity Interval Exercise: Preliminary Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5425021. [PMID: 31885802 PMCID: PMC6899261 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5425021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The increase in antioxidant responses promoted by regular physical activity is strongly associated with the attenuation of chronic oxidative stress and physiological mechanisms related to exercise adaptation. The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare how different exercise protocols (HIIE: high-intensity interval exercise, CE: continuous exercise, and RE: resistance exercise) may alter salivary and plasmatic antioxidants and salivary markers of exercise intensity and nitric oxide. Thirteen healthy, trained male subjects were submitted to the three exercise protocols. Blood and saliva samples were collected at the points preexercise, postexercise, and 3 hours postexercise. Antioxidants (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and levels of reduced glutathione and uric acid), markers of exercise intensity (salivary total protein and amylase activity), and salivary nitric oxide were evaluated. As a result, all exercise protocols increased the markers of exercise intensity and nitric oxide. Antioxidant response was increased after exercise, and it was found that a single HIIE session exerts a similar pattern of antioxidant response compared to CE, in plasma and saliva samples, while RE presented minor alterations. We suggest that HIIE may lead to alterations in antioxidants and consequently to the physiological processes related to redox, similar to the CE, with the advantage of being performed in a shorter time. In addition, the antioxidant profile of saliva samples showed to be very similar to that of plasma, suggesting that saliva may be an alternative and noninvasive tool in sports medicine for the study of antioxidants in different physical exercise protocols.
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Mixed Flavonoid Supplementation Attenuates Postexercise Plasma Levels of 4-Hydroxynonenal and Protein Carbonyls in Endurance Athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2019; 30:112–119. [PMID: 31754080 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This double-blinded, placebo controlled, randomized crossover trial investigated the influence of 2-week mixed flavonoid versus placebo supplementation on oxinflammation markers after a 75-km cycling time trial in 22 cyclists (42.3 ± 1.7 years). Blood samples were collected before and after the 2-week supplementation, and then 0 hr, 1.5 hr, and 21 hr post 75-km cycling (176 ± 5.4 min, 73.4 ±2.0% maximal oxygen consumption). The supplement provided 678-mg flavonoids with quercetin (200 mg), green tea catechins (368 mg, 180-mg epigallocatechin gallate), and anthocyanins (128 mg) from bilberry extract, with caffeine, vitamin C, and omega-3 fatty acids added as adjuvants. Blood samples were analyzed for blood leukocyte counts, oxinflammation biomarkers, including 4-hydroxynonenal, protein carbonyls, and peripheral blood mononuclear mRNA expression for cyclooxygenease-2 and glutathione peroxidase. Each of the blood biomarkers was elevated postexercise (time effects, all ps < .01), with lower plasma levels for 4-hydroxynonenal (at 21-hr postexercise) in flavonoid versus placebo (interaction effect, p = .008). Although elevated postexercise, no trial differences for the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p = .539) or peripheral blood mononuclear mRNA expression for cyclooxygenease-2 (p = .322) or glutathione peroxidase (p = .839) were shown. Flavonoid supplementation prior to intensive exercise decreased plasma peroxidation and oxidative damage, as determined by 4-hydroxynonenal. Postexercise increases were similar between the flavonoid and placebo trials for peripheral blood mononuclear mRNA expression for cyclooxygenease-2 and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 related gene glutathione peroxidase (NFE2L2). The data support the strategy of flavonoid supplementation to mitigate postexercise oxidative stress in endurance athletes.
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9
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Gandhi G, Sharma R, Kaur G. Traditional Indian sports - A case-control study on Kho Kho players investigating genomic instability and oxidative stress as a function of metabolic genotypes. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01928. [PMID: 31294102 PMCID: PMC6595184 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of physical exercise regularly for overall well being, or for recreational or professional purposes are widely accepted in clinical practice and have from time immemorial been the reasons for performing traditional sports. On the contrary, there is also evidence implying increased oxidative stress and genetic damage from intensive exercising. Depending on the intensity, time, frequency and characteristics of exercises, there can be differential induction of oxidative stress and provocation of oxidation of cellular macromolecules (including DNA) and cellular dysfunction which can likely accumulate with age, physical attributes and increase the susceptibility to disease on one hand, while stimulating cell signalling pathways leading to cell adaptation and improved resistance to stress, on the other. In order to observe if continuous sports activities as in Kho Kho increase oxidation capacity, which can also provoke oxidation of cellular macromolecules, the effects on oxidative/antioxidant changes and DNA damage in professional Kho Kho players modulated by individual genetic differences were assessed. Kho Kho, a traditional Indian game of ‘Tag’, is an all-time favourite which requires endurance, agility and strength. Healthy Kho Kho players (20.27 ± 0.28 y; sports age 6.78 ± 0.52 y) and controls (20.90 ± 0.45 y) were matched for age, gender, BMI, VO2 max (maximal oxygen uptake), frequency of GSTT1 (present/null), M1 (present/null), SOD2 (C199T) polymorphisms but differed for variant allele frequencies of GSTP1 (A313G) and SOD2 (C47T). Players compared to controls had significantly increased levels of DNA damage (1.8x, 44.66 ± 1.68 vs. 23.85 ± 1.79 μm, p = 0.000), lipid (MDA) peroxidation (2x, 1.72 ± 0.06 vs. 0.83 ± 0.16 μmol/l, p = 0.000) and total antioxidant capacity (1.09x, 1.69 ± 0.06 vs. 1.11 ± 0.03 mmol Trolox equivalent/l, p = 0.000) but with no differences for SOD activity (94.99 ± 2.42 vs. 93.36 ± 2.54 U/ml, p = 0.935). These results suggest that the players have increased genetic damage and oxidative stress probably from the intense physical activity in the absence of other exposure(s) as other attributes were comparable in the study group. The players may therefore be at increased risk for susceptibility to cancer, various diseases and precocious age-related changes and should be sensitized to health risks related to regular intensive physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursatej Gandhi
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143 005, India
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143 005, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143 005, India
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10
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Wadley AJ, Keane G, Cullen T, James L, Vautrinot J, Davies M, Hussey B, Hunter DJ, Mastana S, Holliday A, Petersen SV, Bishop NC, Lindley MR, Coles SJ. Characterization of extracellular redox enzyme concentrations in response to exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:858-866. [PMID: 31246554 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00340.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox enzymes modulate intracellular redox balance and are secreted in response to cellular oxidative stress, potentially modulating systemic inflammation. Both aerobic and resistance exercise are known to cause acute systemic oxidative stress and inflammation; however, how redox enzyme concentrations alter in extracellular fluids following bouts of either type of exercise is unknown. Recreationally active men (n = 26, mean ± SD: age 28 ± 8 yr) took part in either: 1) two separate energy-matched cycling bouts: one of moderate intensity (MOD) and a bout of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) or 2) an eccentric-based resistance exercise protocol (RES). Alterations in plasma (study 1) and serum (study 2) peroxiredoxin (PRDX)-2, PRDX-4, superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD3), thioredoxin (TRX-1), TRX-reductase and interleukin (IL)-6 were assessed before and at various timepoints after exercise. There was a significant increase in SOD3 (+1.5 ng/mL) and PRDX-4 (+5.9 ng/mL) concentration following HIIE only, peaking at 30- and 60-min post-exercise respectively. TRX-R decreased immediately and 60 min following HIIE (-7.3 ng/mL) and MOD (-8.6 ng/mL), respectively. In non-resistance trained men, no significant changes in redox enzyme concentrations were observed up to 48 h following RES, despite significant muscle damage. IL-6 concentration increased in response to all trials, however there was no significant relationship between absolute or exercise-induced changes in redox enzyme concentrations. These results collectively suggest that HIIE, but not MOD or RES increase the extracellular concentration of PRDX-4 and SOD3. Exercise-induced changes in redox enzyme concentrations do not appear to directly relate to systemic changes in IL-6 concentration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Two studies were conducted to characterize changes in redox enzyme concentrations after single bouts of exercise to investigate the emerging association between extracellular redox enzymes and inflammation. We provide evidence that SOD3 and PRDX-4 concentration increased following high-intensity aerobic but not eccentric-based resistance exercise. Changes were not associated with IL-6. The results provide a platform to investigate the utility of SOD3 and PRDX-4 as biomarkers of oxidative stress following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Wadley
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Keane
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Cullen
- Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey James
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.,Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Vautrinot
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Davies
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Worcester, Worcestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan Hussey
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.,Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - David J Hunter
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.,Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Sarabjit Mastana
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.,Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Holliday
- Institute of Sport, Physical Activity, and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicolette C Bishop
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Lindley
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.,Translational Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Coles
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcestershire, United Kingdom
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11
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Nocella C, Cammisotto V, Pigozzi F, Borrione P, Fossati C, D'Amico A, Cangemi R, Peruzzi M, Gobbi G, Ettorre E, Frati G, Cavarretta E, Carnevale R. Impairment between Oxidant and Antioxidant Systems: Short- and Long-term Implications for Athletes' Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1353. [PMID: 31208096 PMCID: PMC6627820 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production (ROS) and antioxidants, has been described in several patho-physiological conditions, including cardiovascular, neurological diseases and cancer, thus impacting on individuals' lifelong health. Diet, environmental pollution, and physical activity can play a significant role in the oxidative balance of an organism. Even if physical training has proved to be able to counteract the negative effects caused by free radicals and to provide many health benefits, it is also known that intensive physical activity induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and free radical-mediated muscle damage. Indeed, variations in type, intensity, and duration of exercise training can activate different patterns of oxidant-antioxidant balance leading to different responses in terms of molecular and cellular damage. The aim of the present review is to discuss (1) the role of oxidative status in athletes in relation to exercise training practice, (2) the implications for muscle damage, (3) the long-term effect for neurodegenerative disease manifestations, (4) the role of antioxidant supplementations in preventing oxidative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nocella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Speciality Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Borrione
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Gobbi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), Anatomy and Histology Unit, University of Parma, Ospedale Maggiore, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Evaristo Ettorre
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy.
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy.
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Kouvelioti R, LeBlanc P, Falk B, Ward WE, Josse AR, Klentrou P. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Running Versus Cycling on Sclerostin, and Markers of Bone Turnover and Oxidative Stress in Young Men. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:582-590. [PMID: 30671591 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study compared sclerostin's response to impact versus no-impact high-intensity interval exercise in young men and examined the association between exercise-induced changes in sclerostin and markers of bone turnover and oxidative stress. Twenty healthy men (22.3 ± 2.3 years) performed two high-intensity interval exercise trials (crossover design); running on treadmill and cycling on cycle ergometer. Trials consisted of eight 1 min running or cycling intervals at ≥ 90% of maximal heart rate, separated by 1 min passive recovery intervals. Blood samples were collected at rest (pre-exercise), and 5 min, 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h following each trial. Serum levels of sclerostin, cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTXI), procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (PINP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and protein carbonyls (PC) were measured. There was no significant time or exercise mode effect for PINP and PC. A significant time effect was found for sclerostin, CTXI, and TBARS with no significant exercise mode effect and no significant time-by-mode interaction. Sclerostin increased from pre- to 5 min post-exercise (47%, p < 0.05) and returned to baseline within 1 h following the exercise. CTXI increased from pre- to 5 min post-exercise (28%, p < 0.05), then gradually returned to baseline by 48 h. TBARS did not increase significantly from pre- to 5 min post-exercise but significantly decreased from 5 min to 48 h post-exercise. There were no significant correlations between exercise-induced changes in sclerostin and any other marker. In young men, sclerostin's response to high-intensity interval exercise is independent of impact and is not related to changes in bone turnover and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kouvelioti
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - P LeBlanc
- Department of Health Science, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - B Falk
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - W E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Health Science, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - A R Josse
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - P Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
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Dick MF, Guglielmo CG. Flight muscle protein damage during endurance flight is related to energy expenditure but not dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in a migratory bird. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:222/5/jeb187708. [PMID: 30824569 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.187708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Migration poses many physiological challenges for birds, including sustaining high intensity aerobic exercise for hours or days. A consequence of endurance flight is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS production may be influenced by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which, although prone to oxidative damage, may limit mitochondrial ROS production and increase antioxidant capacity. We examined how flight muscles manage oxidative stress during flight, and whether dietary long-chain PUFA influence ROS management or damage. Yellow-rumped warblers were fed diets low in PUFA, or high in long-chain n-3 or n-6 PUFA. Flight muscle was sampled from birds in each diet treatment at rest or immediately after flying for up to a maximum of 360 min in a wind tunnel. Flight increased flight muscle superoxide dismutase activity but had no effect on catalase activity. The ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulphide decreased during flight. Oxidative protein damage, indicated by protein carbonyls, increased with flight duration (Pearson r=0.4). Further examination of just individuals that flew for 360 min (N=15) indicates that oxidative damage was related more to total energy expenditure (Pearson r=0.86) than to flight duration itself. This suggests that high quality individuals with higher flight efficiency have not only lower energy costs but also potentially less oxidative damage to repair after arrival at the destination. No significant effects of dietary long-chain PUFA were observed on antioxidants or damage. Overall, flight results in oxidative stress and the degree of damage is likely driven more by energy costs than fatty acid nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag F Dick
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Christopher G Guglielmo
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
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Vafaee R, Soori H, Hedayati M, Ainy E, Hatamabadi H. Effects of resveratrol supplementation in male Wistar rats undergoing an endurance exercise and acute exercise training. Hum Antibodies 2019; 27:257-264. [PMID: 31127758 DOI: 10.3233/hab-190380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to assess the effect of Resveratrol supplementation, endurance exercise and acute exercise training on oxidative stress and tissue damage markers. METHODS Sixty-four male Wistar rats were categorized into four groups including resveratrol group, exercise group, exercise + resveratrol group (n= 16) and control group (n= 16). RES was orally administered to male rats for 28 day at a dose of 10 mg per kg body during exercise. Following the familiarization sessions, rats were acclimated to a calibrated motor driven rodent treadmill for endurance exercise and acute exercise implementation. Changes in oxidative stress and tissue damage markers including 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK), protein carbonyl were biochemically measured using commercial ELISA kits based on the manufacturer's instructions. RESULTS The endurance and acute exercise training led to an increase in the levels of CPK and LDH, However, following the endurance and acute exercise training, a reduction in the level of carbonyl and 8-OHdG was observed. RES supplementation did not have any effect on the levels of CPK and LDH; nevertheless, reduced significantly carbonyl, and 8-OHdG levels. Based on this evidence, RES may have protective effects against exercise-induced oxidative stress. CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence of the antioxidant effects of RES after exercise. However, several factors such as type and duration of exercise, the type of model, the amount of RES supplementation and the time-course consideration can affect the quality of the results. For this reason, further studies in this field are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Vafaee
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Soori
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Ainy
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Hatamabadi
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gorini G, Gamberi T, Fiaschi T, Mannelli M, Modesti A, Magherini F. Irreversible plasma and muscle protein oxidation and physical exercise. Free Radic Res 2018; 53:126-138. [PMID: 30513020 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1542141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance between the reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species production and their handling by the antioxidant machinery (low molecular weight antioxidant molecules and antioxidant enzymes), also known as oxidative stress, is a condition caused by physiological and pathological processes. Moreover, oxidative stress may be due to an overproduction of free radicals during physical exercise. Excess of radical species leads to the modification of molecules, such as proteins - the most susceptible to oxidative modification - lipids and DNA. With regard to the oxidation of proteins, carbonylation is an oxidative modification that has been widely described. Several studies have detected changes in the total amount of protein carbonyls following different types of physical exercise, but only few of these identified the specific amino acidic residues targets of such oxidation. In this respect, proteomic approaches allow to identify the proteins susceptible to carbonylation and in many cases, it is also possible to identify the specific protein carbonylation sites. This review focuses on the role of protein oxidation, and specifically carbonyl formation, for plasma and skeletal muscle proteins, following different types of physical exercise performed at different intensities. Furthermore, we focused on the proteomic strategies used to identify the specific protein targets of carbonylation. Overall, our analysis suggests that regular physical activity promotes a protection against protein carbonylation, due to the activation of the antioxidant defence or of the turnover of protein carbonyls. However, we can conclude that from the comprehensive bibliography analysed, there is no clearly defined specific physiological role about this post-translational modification of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gorini
- a Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- a Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Tania Fiaschi
- a Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Michele Mannelli
- a Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- a Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Francesca Magherini
- a Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
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McAllister MJ, Basham SA, Waldman HS, Smith JW, Mettler JA, Butawan MB, Bloomer RJ. Effects of psychological stress during exercise on markers of oxidative stress in young healthy, trained men. Physiol Behav 2018; 198:90-95. [PMID: 30342058 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Those engaged in high stress occupations such as firefighters and military personnel are exposed to a variety of psychological and physiological stressors. The combination of mental and physical stress [i.e., dual stress challenges (DSC)] results in significant increases in stress hormones, which causes oxidative stress (OS) and contributes to elevated risk for cardiovascular disease. However, data are needed to determine the impact of DSC on markers of OS in exercise-trained individuals. METHOD Fourteen healthy trained men aged 21-30 yrs. participated in a randomized, cross-over design to investigate the impact of DSC on blood markers of OS. The exercise alone condition (EA) consisted of 35 min of cycling at 60% V̇O2 peak. The DSC involved 20 min of mental stress challenges during exercise. Blood was sampled before exercise, as well as immediately, and 30 and 60 min after exercise and analyzed for glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP). RESULT No significant treatment × time interactions were found. No time effects were noted for SOD, or H2O2; however, AOPP were reduced at 30 (p = .034) and 60 min post exercise (p = .006). GSH was reduced at 30 (p = .009) and 60 min post exercise (p = .031). CONCLUSION These results indicate the OS response from DSC is not greater than that produced from EA in exercise trained men. Future work should investigate the impact of chronic resistance and endurance exercise training on OS resulting from DSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J McAllister
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, United States.
| | - Steven A Basham
- Applied Physiology Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Hunter S Waldman
- Applied Physiology Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - JohnEric W Smith
- Applied Physiology Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Joni A Mettler
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, United States
| | - Matthew B Butawan
- School of Health Studies, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, United States
| | - Richard J Bloomer
- School of Health Studies, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, United States
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Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Effects of Antioxidant Intake from a Physiological Viewpoint. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7090119. [PMID: 30189660 PMCID: PMC6162669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7090119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals production during exercise has both positive and negative physiological effects. Among them, the present review focuses on oxidative stress caused by acute exercise, mainly on evidence in healthy individuals. This review also summarizes findings on the determinants of exercise-induced oxidative stress and sources of free radical production. Moreover, we outline the effects of antioxidant supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress, which have been studied extensively. Finally, the following review briefly summarizes future tasks in the field of redox biology of exercise. In principle, this review covers findings for the whole body, and describes human trials and animal experiments separately.
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Kawamura T, Fujii R, Li X, Higashida K, Muraoka I. Effects of exhaustive exercises, with different intensities, on oxidative stress markers in rat plasma and skeletal muscle. Sci Sports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Rankin P, Lawlor MJ, Hills FA, Bell PG, Stevenson EJ, Cockburn E. The effect of milk on recovery from repeat-sprint cycling in female team-sport athletes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:113-122. [PMID: 28972854 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of milk following eccentric exercise attenuates the effects of muscle damage in team-sport athletes. However, participation in team sport involves both concentric-eccentric loading and metabolic stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of postexercise milk consumption on recovery from a cycling protocol designed to simulate the metabolic demands of team sport. Ten female team-sport athletes participated in a randomised crossover investigation. Upon completion of the protocol participants consumed 500 mL of milk (MILK) or 500 mL of an energy-matched carbohydrate (CHO) drink. Muscle function (peak torque, rate of force development, countermovement jump, 20-m sprint), muscle soreness and tiredness, serum creatine kinase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and measures of oxidative stress (protein carbonyls and reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio) were determined at pre-exercise and 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h postexercise. MILK had a possible beneficial effect in attenuating losses in peak torque (180°/s) from baseline to 24 h (3.2% ± 7.8% vs. -6.2% ± 7.5%, MILK vs. CHO) and a possible beneficial effect in minimising soreness (baseline-48 h; baseline-72 h) and tiredness (baseline-24 h; baseline-72 h). There was no change in oxidative stress following the exercise protocol, though a likely benefit of milk was observed for GSH/GSSG ratio at baseline-24 h (0.369 ×/÷ 1.89, 1.103 ×/÷ 3.96, MILK vs. CHO). MILK had an unclear effect on all other variables. Consumption of 500 mL of milk after repeat sprint cycling had little to no benefit in minimising losses in peak torque or minimising increases in soreness and tiredness and had no effect on serum markers of muscle damage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rankin
- a Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow R93 V960, Ireland.,b School of Biomedical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.,c London Institute of Sport, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Michael J Lawlor
- a Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow R93 V960, Ireland
| | - Frank A Hills
- d Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Phillip G Bell
- e GlaxoSimthKline Human Performance Laboratory, Brentford, London TW8 9DA, UK
| | - Emma J Stevenson
- f Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Emma Cockburn
- b School of Biomedical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.,c London Institute of Sport, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
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Mallard AR, Hollekim-Strand SM, Coombes JS, Ingul CB. Exercise intensity, redox homeostasis and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20:893-898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Chirico EN, Faës C, Connes P, Canet-Soulas E, Martin C, Pialoux V. Role of Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Sickle Cell Trait and Disease. Sports Med 2017; 46:629-39. [PMID: 26666745 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is a class of hemoglobinopathy in humans, which is the most common inherited disease in the world. Although complications of sickle cell disease start from polymerization of red blood cells during its deoxygenating phase, the oxidative stress resulting from the biological processes associated with this disease (ischaemic and hypoxic injuries, hemolysis and inflammation) has been shown to contribute to its pathophysiology. It is widely known that chronic exercise reduces oxidative stress in healthy people, mainly via improvement of antioxidant enzyme efficiency. In addition, recent studies in other diseases, as well as in sickle cell trait carriers and in a mouse model of sickle cell disease, have shown that regular physical activity could decrease oxidative stress. The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of oxidative stress in sickle cell disease and the effects of acute and chronic exercise on the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in sickle cell trait and sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N Chirico
- EA 647 Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U-1060), Faculty of Medicine Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Camille Faës
- EA 647 Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratory of Excellence in Red Blood Cell (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- EA 647 Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratory of Excellence in Red Blood Cell (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U-1060), Faculty of Medicine Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Cyril Martin
- EA 647 Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratory of Excellence in Red Blood Cell (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- EA 647 Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
- Laboratory of Excellence in Red Blood Cell (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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Wiecek M, Maciejczyk M, Szymura J, Szygula Z. Sex differences in oxidative stress after eccentric and concentric exercise. Redox Rep 2017; 22:478-485. [PMID: 28320258 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2017.1304195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Comparison of redox balance changes in the blood of women and men as a result of submaximal eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CONC) efforts. METHODS 10 women and 10 men performed three 45-minute submaximal treadmill runs at constant velocities (downhill run - ECC, uphill run - CONC and level run). Prior to the 45-minute exercises, after their completion and following 24 hours of recovery, the concentration of lactate, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), 3-nitrotyrosine, uric acid (UA) and the white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil (NEUT), lymphocyte (LYMPH) and monocyte content in the blood were determined. RESULTS In women, the ox-LDL increased significantly 10 minutes and 24 hours following ECC (P < 0.05). 10 minutes after ECC, in women, there was an increase in WBC, NEUT and LYMPH (P < 0.05). In the men, WBC and NEUT increased significantly 24 hours after CONC and ECC (P < 0.05). UA in each determination was higher in the men than the women (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION ECC cause impaired redox balance only in women. Due to the increase in antioxidant capacity of the blood without accompanying oxidative damage to macromolecules, for both sexes, it is recommended to perform concentric running efforts at the highest possible subliminal intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wiecek
- a Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport , University of Physical Education in Krakow , Krakow , Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- a Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport , University of Physical Education in Krakow , Krakow , Poland
| | - Jadwiga Szymura
- b Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation , University of Physical Education in Krakow , Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szygula
- c Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport , University of Physical Education in Krakow , Poland
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Paraiso LF, Gonçalves-e-Oliveira AFM, Cunha LM, de Almeida Neto OP, Pacheco AG, Araújo KBG, Garrote-Filho MDS, Bernardino Neto M, Penha-Silva N. Effects of acute and chronic exercise on the osmotic stability of erythrocyte membrane of competitive swimmers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171318. [PMID: 28151958 PMCID: PMC5289559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of acute and chronic exercise on erythrocyte membrane stability and various blood indices in a population consisting of five national-level male swimmers, over 18 weeks of training. The evaluations were made at the beginning and end of the 1st, 7th, 13th and 18th weeks, when volume and training intensity have changed. The effects manifested at the beginning of those weeks were considered due to chronic adaptations, while the effects observed at the end of the weeks were considered due to acute manifestations of the exercise load of that week. Acute changes resulting from the exercise comprised increases in creatine kinase activity (CK) and leukocyte count (Leu), and decrease in hematocrit (Ht) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), at the end of the first week; increase in the activities of CK and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in the uric acid (UA) concentration and Leu count, at the end of the seventh week; increases in CK and LDH activities and in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), at the end of the 13th week; and decrease in the value of the osmotic stability index 1/H50 and increases in the CK activity and platelets (Plt) count, at the end of the 18th week. Chronic changes due to training comprised increase in the values of 1/H50, CK, LDH, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum iron (Fe), MCV and Plt. Although acute training has resulted in decrease in the osmotic stability of erythrocytes, possibly associated with exacerbation of the oxidative processes during intense exercise, chronic training over 18 weeks resulted in increased osmotic stability of erythrocytes, possibly by modulation in the membrane cholesterol content by low and high density lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ferreira Paraiso
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Moreira Cunha
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Garcia Pacheco
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Morun Bernardino Neto
- Department of Basic and Environmental Sciences, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilson Penha-Silva
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Roh HT, Cho SY, So WY, Paik IY, Suh SH. Effects of different fluid replacements on serum HSP70 and lymphocyte DNA damage in college athletes during exercise at high ambient temperatures. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2016; 5:448-455. [PMID: 30356572 PMCID: PMC6188922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fluid replacement by water or sports drinks on serum heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels and DNA damage during exercise at a high ambient temperature. METHODS Ten male college athletes with an athletic career ranging from 6 to 11 years were recruited from Yonsei University. The subjects ran on a treadmill at 75% of heart rate reserve during 4 different trials: thermoneutral temperature at 18°C (T), high ambient temperature at 32°C without fluid replacement (H), high ambient temperature at 32°C with water replacement (HW), and high ambient temperature at 32°C with sports drink replacement (HS). During each condition, blood samples were collected at the pre-exercise baseline (PEB), immediately after exercise (IAE), and 60 min post-exercise. RESULTS Skin temperature significantly increased during exercise and was significantly higher in H compared to T and HS at IAE. Meanwhile, serum HSP70 was significantly increased in all conditions at IAE compared to PEB and was higher in H compared to T at the former time point. Significantly increased lymphocyte DNA damage (DNA in the tail, tail length, tail moment) was observed in all trials at IAE compared to PEB, and attenuated DNA damage (tail moment) was observed in HS compared to H at IAE. CONCLUSION Acute exercise elevates serum HSP70 and induces lymphocyte DNA damage. Fluid replacement by sports drink during exercise at high ambient temperature can attenuate HSP response and DNA damage by preventing dehydration and reducing thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Tae Roh
- Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Youn Cho
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi-Young So
- Sports and Health Care Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si 380-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Young Paik
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Suh
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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Wadley AJ, Turner JE, Aldred S. Factors influencing post-exercise plasma protein carbonyl concentration. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:375-84. [PMID: 26873473 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1131824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exercise of sufficient intensity and duration can cause acute oxidative stress. Plasma protein carbonyl (PC) moieties are abundant, chemically stable, and easily detectable markers of oxidative stress that are widely used for the interpretation of exercise-induced changes in redox balance. Despite many studies reporting acute increases in plasma PC concentration in response to exercise, some studies, including those from our own laboratory have shown decreases. This review will discuss the differences between studies reporting increases, decreases, and no change in plasma PC concentration following exercise in humans; highlighting participant physiology (i.e. training status) and study design (i.e. intensity, duration, and novelty of the exercise bout) as the main factors driving the direction of the PC response to exercise. The role of the 20S proteasome system is proposed as a possible mechanism mediating the clearance of plasma PC following exercise. Resting and exercise-induced differences in plasma protein composition and balance between tissues are also discussed. We suggest that exercise may stimulate the clearance of plasma PC present at baseline, whereas simultaneously increasing reactive oxygen species production that facilitates the formation of new PC groups. The balance between these two processes likely explains why some studies have reported no change or even decreases in plasma PC level post-exercise when other biomarkers of oxidative stress (e.g. markers of lipid peroxidation) were elevated. Future studies should determine factors that influence the balance between PC clearance and formation following acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Wadley
- a Institute of Science and the Environment , University of Worcester , Worcester , UK
| | - James E Turner
- b School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , UK
| | - Sarah Aldred
- c Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK
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Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Erythrocytes Hemolysis in Well-Trained Equine Athletes Before and After Exercise. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Effects of Exercise Intensity on Postexercise Endothelial Function and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:723679. [PMID: 26583061 PMCID: PMC4637109 DOI: 10.1155/2015/723679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To measure endothelial function and oxidative stress immediately, 90 minutes, and three hours after exercise of varying intensities. Methods. Sixteen apparently healthy men completed three exercise bouts of treadmill running for 30 minutes at 55% V˙O2max (mild); 20 minutes at 75% V˙O2max (moderate); or 5 minutes at 100% V˙O2max (maximal) in random order. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed with venous blood samples drawn for measurement of endothelin-1 (ET-1), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), and lipid soluble antioxidants. Results. LOOH increased immediately following moderate exercise (P < 0.05). ET-1 was higher immediately after exercise and 3 hours after exercise in the mild trial compared to maximal one (P < 0.05). Transient decreases were detected for ΔFMD/ShearAUC from baseline following maximal exercise, but it normalised at 3 hours after exercise (P < 0.05). Shear rate was higher immediately after exercise in the maximal trial compared to mild exercise (P < 0.05). No changes in baseline diameter, peak diameter, absolute change in diameter, or FMD were observed following any of the exercise trials (P > 0.05). Conclusions. Acute exercise at different intensities elicits varied effects on oxidative stress, shear rate, and ET-1 that do not appear to mediate changes in endothelial function measured by FMD.
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Kliszczewicz B, Quindry CJ, Blessing LD, Oliver DG, Esco RM, Taylor JK. Acute Exercise and Oxidative Stress: CrossFit(™) vs. Treadmill Bout. J Hum Kinet 2015; 47:81-90. [PMID: 26557192 PMCID: PMC4633270 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CrossFit™, a popular high-intensity training modality, has been the subject of scrutiny, with concerns of elevated risk of injury and health. Despite these concerns empirical evidence regarding physiologic stresses including acute oxidative stress is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute redox response to a CrossFit™ bout. Furthermore, these findings were compared to a high-intensity treadmill bout as a point of reference. Ten males 26.4 ± 2.7 yrs having three or more months of CrossFit™ experience participated in the present study. Blood plasma was collected at four time points: Pre-exercise (PRE), immediately-post-exercise (IPE), 1 hr-post (1-HP) and 2 hr-post (2-HP), to examine oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity. Regarding plasma oxidative damage, CrossFit™ and Treadmill elicited a time-dependent increase of lipid peroxides 1-HP (CrossFit™=+143%, Treadmill=+115%) and 2-HP (CrossFit™=+256%, Treadmill+167%). Protein Carbonyls were increased IPE in CF only (+5%), while a time-dependent decrease occurred 1-HP (CrossFit™=−16%, Treadmill=−8%) and 2-HP (CF=−16%, TM=−1%) compared to IPE. Regarding antioxidant capacity, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power also demonstrated a time-dependent increase within CrossFit™ and Treadmill: IPE (CrossFit™=+25%, Treadmill=+17%), 1-HP (CrossFit™=+26%, Treadmill=+4.8%), 2-HP (CrossFit™=+20%, Treadmill=+12%). Total Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity showed a time-dependent decrease in IPE (CrossFit™=−10%, Treadmill=−12%), 1-HP (CrossFit™=−12%, Treadmill=−6%), 2-HP (CrossFit™=−7%, Treadmill=−11%). No trial-dependent differences were observed in any biomarker of oxidative stress. The CrossFit™ bout elicited an acute blood oxidative stress response comparable to a traditional bout of high-intensity treadmill running. Results also confirm that exercise intensity and the time course of exercise recovery influence oxidative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kliszczewicz
- Kennesaw State University, Department of Exercise Science and Sports Management
- Corresponding author: Dr. Brian Kliszczewicz, Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Phone: (315) 415-660, Fax:(470) 578-9072,
| | | | | | | | | | - J. Kyle Taylor
- Auburn University at Montgomery, Department of Medical and Clinical Lab Sciences
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Implications of a pre-exercise alkalosis-mediated attenuation of HSP72 on its response to a subsequent bout of exercise. Amino Acids 2015; 48:499-504. [PMID: 26433893 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if a pre-exercise alkalosis-mediated attenuation of HSP72 had any effect on the response of the same stress protein after a subsequent exercise. Seven physically active males [25.0 ± 6.5 years, 182.1 ± 6.0 cm, 74.0 ± 8.3 kg, peak aerobic power (PPO) 316 ± 46 W] performed a repeated sprint exercise (EXB1) following a dose of 0.3 g kg(-1) body mass of sodium bicarbonate (BICARB), or a placebo of 0.045 g kg(-1) body mass of sodium chloride (PLAC). Participants then completed a 90-min intermittent cycling protocol (EXB2). Monocyte expressed HSP72 was significantly attenuated after EXB1 in BICARB compared to PLAC, however, there was no difference in the HSP72 response to the subsequent EXB2 between conditions. Furthermore there was no difference between conditions for measures of oxidative stress (protein carbonyl and HSP32). These findings confirm the sensitivity of the HSP72 response to exercise-induced changes in acid-base status in vivo, but suggest that the attenuated response has little effect upon subsequent stress in the same day.
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Huang CJ, McAllister MJ, Slusher AL, Webb HE, Mock JT, Acevedo EO. Obesity-Related Oxidative Stress: the Impact of Physical Activity and Diet Manipulation. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2015; 1:32. [PMID: 26435910 PMCID: PMC4580715 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-015-0031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related oxidative stress, the imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants (e.g., nitric oxide), has been linked to metabolic and cardiovascular disease, including endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for physiological functions including gene expression, cellular growth, infection defense, and modulating endothelial function. However, elevated ROS and/or diminished antioxidant capacity leading to oxidative stress can lead to dysfunction. Physical activity also results in an acute state of oxidative stress. However, it is likely that chronic physical activity provides a stimulus for favorable oxidative adaptations and enhanced physiological performance and physical health, although distinct responses between aerobic and anaerobic activities warrant further investigation. Studies support the benefits of dietary modification as well as exercise interventions in alleviating oxidative stress susceptibility. Since obese individuals tend to demonstrate elevated markers of oxidative stress, the implications for this population are significant. Therefore, in this review our aim is to discuss (i) the role of oxidative stress and inflammation as associated with obesity-related diseases, (ii) the potential concerns and benefits of exercise-mediated oxidative stress, and (iii) the advantageous role of dietary modification, including acute or chronic caloric restriction and vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, FH11A-126B, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
| | | | - Aaron L Slusher
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, FH11A-126B, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA ; Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Heather E Webb
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX USA
| | - J Thomas Mock
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, FH11A-126B, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
| | - Edmund O Acevedo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
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Rosa-Lima FL, Lannes L, Viana-Gomes D, Pierucci APTR, Salerno VP. Protein carbonyl levels correlate with performance in elite field hockey players. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:683-8. [PMID: 25962716 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Excess and incorrectly selected exercise can degrade athletic performance from an imbalance in redox homeostasis and oxidative stress, but well-planned training and nutrition can improve antioxidant capacity. The aim of the study was to investigate how nutrient intake could influence oxidative stress and cell lesion biomarkers after 5 days of training followed by a game. Blood was collected from 10 athletes at the start of training (basal), after training (pre-game), and postgame. Their acceleration capacity also was measured pre- and postgame. Blood analysis showed an increase in lactate concentration postgame (13%) and total antioxidant capacity increased both pre-game (13.1%) and postgame (12.7%), all in comparison with basal levels. An oxidative stress marker, protein carbonyl (PC), increased 3-fold over the course of the game, which correlated with a decreased acceleration (r = 0.749). For biomarkers of tissue damage, creatine kinase and aspartate transaminase (AST) increased postgame by 150% and 75%, respectively. The AST variation had a high negative correlation with energy and carbohydrate consumption and a moderate correlation with lipid and vitamin C intake. Protein intake had a positive but moderate correlation with reduced glutathione. The observed correlations suggest that nutritional monitoring can improve exercise physiological homeostasis and that PC serves as a good biomarker for oxidative stress and performance loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Luis Rosa-Lima
- a Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício e Motores Moleculares Departamento de Biocências da Atividade Física, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lannes
- b Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Alimentos para Fins Especiais e Educacionais - DAFEE, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego Viana-Gomes
- a Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício e Motores Moleculares Departamento de Biocências da Atividade Física, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Paola T R Pierucci
- b Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Alimentos para Fins Especiais e Educacionais - DAFEE, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Verônica P Salerno
- a Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício e Motores Moleculares Departamento de Biocências da Atividade Física, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wadley AJ, Chen YW, Lip GYH, Fisher JP, Aldred S. Low volume-high intensity interval exercise elicits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in humans. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:1-9. [PMID: 25915178 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1035666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare acute changes in oxidative stress and inflammation in response to steady state and low volume, high intensity interval exercise (LV-HIIE). Untrained healthy males (n = 10, mean ± s: age 22 ± 3 years; VO2MAX 42.7 ± 5.0 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)) undertook three exercise bouts: a bout of LV-HIIE (10 × 1 min 90% VO2MAX intervals) and two energy-matched steady-state cycling bouts at a moderate (60% VO2MAX; 27 min, MOD) and high (80% VO2MAX; 20 min, HIGH) intensity on separate days. Markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and physiological stress were assessed before, at the end of exercise and 30 min post-exercise (post+30). At the end of all exercise bouts, significant changes in lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and protein carbonyls (PCs) (LOOH (nM): MOD +0.36; HIGH +3.09; LV-HIIE +5.51 and PC (nmol · mg(-1) protein): MOD -0.24; HIGH -0.11; LV-HIIE -0.37) were observed. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased post+30, relative to the end of all exercise bouts (TAC (µM): MOD +189; HIGH +135; LV-HIIE +102). Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 increased post+30 in HIGH and LV-HIIE only (P < 0.05). HIGH caused the greatest lymphocytosis, adrenaline and cardiovascular response (P < 0.05). At a reduced energy cost and physiological stress, LV-HIIE elicited similar cytokine and oxidative stress responses to HIGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Wadley
- a School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences , The University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.,b Institute of Science and the Environment , University of Worcester , Worcester , UK
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- c Centre for Cardiovascular Science , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- c Centre for Cardiovascular Science , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - James P Fisher
- a School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences , The University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Sarah Aldred
- a School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences , The University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
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Age-related responses in circulating markers of redox status in healthy adolescents and adults during the course of a training macrocycle. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:283921. [PMID: 25945150 PMCID: PMC4402481 DOI: 10.1155/2015/283921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Redox status changes during an annual training cycle in young and adult track and field athletes and possible differences between the two age groups were assessed. Forty-six individuals (24 children and 22 adults) were assigned to four groups: trained adolescents, (TAD, N = 13), untrained adolescents (UAD, N = 11), trained adults (TA, N = 12), and untrained adults (UA, N = 10). Aerobic capacity and redox status related variables [total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), catalase activity, TBARS, protein carbonyls (PC), uric acid, and bilirubin] were assessed at rest and in response to a time-trial bout before training, at mid- and posttraining. TAC, catalase activity, TBARS, PC, uric acid, and bilirubin increased and GSH declined in all groups in response to acute exercise independent of training status and age. Training improved aerobic capacity, TAC, and GSH at rest and in response to exercise. Age affected basal and exercise-induced responses since adults demonstrated a greater TAC and GSH levels at rest and a greater rise of TBARS, protein carbonyls, and TAC and decline of GSH in response to exercise. Catalase activity, uric acid, and bilirubin responses were comparable among groups. These results suggest that acute exercise, age, and training modulate the antioxidant reserves of the body.
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Santhakumar AB, Kundur AR, Sabapathy S, Stanley R, Singh I. The potential of anthocyanin-rich Queen Garnet plum juice supplementation in alleviating thrombotic risk under induced oxidative stress conditions. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Wadley AJ, Killer SC, Svendsen IS, Gleeson M. The impact of intensified training with a high or moderate carbohydrate feeding strategy on resting and exercise-induced oxidative stress. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:1757-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hadžović-Džuvo A, Valjevac A, Lepara O, Pjanić S, Hadžimuratović A, Mekić A. Oxidative stress status in elite athletes engaged in different sport disciplines. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2015; 14:56-62. [PMID: 24856375 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2014.2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training may increase production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species in different ways. The training type and intensity may influence free radicals production, which leads to differences in oxidative stress status between athletes, but the results of the previous studies are incosistent. The aim of our study was to estimate oxidative stress status in elite athletes engaged in different sport disciplines. The study included 39 male highly skilled professional competitors with international experience (2 Olympic players): 12 wrestlers, 14 soccer players and 13 basketball players in whom we determined the levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as markers of oxidative stress and the total antioxidative capacity (ImAnOX) using commercially available assay kits. The mean AOPP concentration was not significantly different between soccer players, wrestler and basketball players (60.0 ± 23.0 vs. 68.5 ± 30.8 and 80.72 ± 29.1 μmol/L respectively). Mean ImAnOX concentration was not different between soccer players (344.8 ± 35.6 μmol/L), wrestlers (342.5 ± 36.2 μmol/L) and basketball players (347.95 ± 31.3 μmol/L). Mean MDA concentration was significantly higher in basketball players (1912.1 ± 667.7 ng/mL) compared to soccer players (1060.1 ± 391.0 ng/mL, p=0.003). In spite of this fact, oxidative stress markers levels were increased compared to referral values provided by the manufacturer. Type of sports (soccer, wrestler or basketball) have no impact on the levels of oxidative stress markers. Elite sports engagement is a potent stimulus of oxidative stress that leads to the large recruitment of antioxidative defense. Oxidative stress status monitoring followed by appropriate use of antioxidants is recommended as a part of training regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almira Hadžović-Džuvo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Čekaluša 90, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amina Valjevac
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Čekaluša 90, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Orhan Lepara
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Čekaluša 90, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Samra Pjanić
- Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation "Dr Miroslav Zotović, Slatinska 11, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Adnan Hadžimuratović
- Clinic of pediatric surgery, Clinical center University of Sarajevo, Bolnička 25, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amel Mekić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, Patriotske lige 41, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Macedo RCS, Vieira A, Marin DP, Otton R. Effects of chronic resveratrol supplementation in military firefighters undergo a physical fitness test--a placebo-controlled, double blind study. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 227:89-95. [PMID: 25572586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma metabolic response and certain indicators of oxidative stress (antioxidant system and oxidative stress biomarkers) in plasma and erythrocytes of Brazilian military firefighters supplemented or not with resveratrol (RES) for 90 days (100 mg/day). The analyses were performed before and after a typical physical fitness test (FT) used to induce oxidative stress. METHODS/RESULTS In this placebo-controlled double-blinded study, we observed that RES supplementation did not present hepatic consequences compared with the placebo group following analysis of AST, ALT and GGT plasma activities. Plasma glucose and triglycerides levels were increased after the FT in firefighters supplemented with RES but were not elevated at baseline. Neither total nor cholesterol fractions were modified by RES supplementation. CK levels were increased after the firefighters performed the FT; however, no differences were determined between the placebo and RES groups. Ferric-reducing ability of plasma as well as uric acid was increased after the FT, but was not modified by RES supplementation. Plasma oxidative stress biomarkers, such as thiol content, 8-isoprostane and 8OHdG, showed no modifications, while IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased in the RES group after the FT. Among antioxidant enzyme activities determined in erythrocytes from the firefighters, only GPx activity was reduced by RES supplementation both before and after the FT. CONCLUSION In summary, the most pronounced effect of RES supplementation is its anti-inflammatory effect, which reduced IL-6 and TNF-α level. The FT applied to Brazilian military firefighters was not sufficient to challenge the antioxidant defense systems, and, therefore, 100mg of RES for three months did not induce significant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C S Macedo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences - CBS, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP 03342000, Brazil
| | - A Vieira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences - CBS, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP 03342000, Brazil
| | - D P Marin
- Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte - ICAFE, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868, 13o andar, Bloco B Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil
| | - R Otton
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences - CBS, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP 03342000, Brazil; Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte - ICAFE, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868, 13o andar, Bloco B Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil.
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Effects of heat acclimation on changes in oxidative stress and inflammation caused by endurance capacity test in the heat. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:107137. [PMID: 24895525 PMCID: PMC4034648 DOI: 10.1155/2014/107137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background. The aim was to determine the effect of heat acclimation (HA) on oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation in resting conditions and on the response pattern of these parameters to exhausting endurance exercise. Methods. Parameters of OxS and inflammation were measured in non-heat-acclimated status (NHAS) and after a 10-day HA program (i.e., in heat-acclimated status; HAS) both at baseline and after an endurance capacity (EC) test in the heat. Results. As a result of HA, EC increased from 88.62 ± 27.51 to 161.95 ± 47.80 minutes (P < 0.001). HA increased OxS level: total peroxide concentration rose from 219.38 ± 105.18 to 272.57 ± 133.39 μmol/L (P < 0.05) and oxidative stress index (OSI) from 14.97 ± 8.24 to 20.46 ± 11.13% (P < 0.05). In NHAS, the EC test increased OxS level: total peroxide concentration rose from 219.38 ± 105.18 to 278.51 ± 125.76 μmol/L (P < 0.001) and OSI from 14.97 ± 8.24 to 19.31 ± 9.37% (P < 0.01). However, in HAS, the EC test reduced OSI from 20.46 ± 11.13 to 16.83 ± 8.89% (P < 0.05). The value of log high-sensitive C-reactive protein increased from −0.32 ± 0.32 to −0.12 ± 0.34 mg/L (P < 0.05) in NHAS and from −0.31 ± 0.47 to 0.28 ± 0.46 mg/L (P < 0.001) in HAS. Conclusion. HA increases OxS level. However, beneficial adaptive effects of HA on acute exhaustive exercise-induced changes in OxS and inflammation parameters occur in a hot environment.
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Wadley AJ, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Metsios GS, Smith JP, Kitas GD, Aldred S. Three months of moderate-intensity exercise reduced plasma 3-nitrotyrosine in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:1483-92. [PMID: 24719046 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients display high levels of oxidative stress. Transient exercise-induced increases in oxidative stress are thought to be adaptive in healthy populations. This study investigated the effect of exercise on markers of oxidative stress in RA, following acute exercise and a period of exercise training. METHODS Acute exercise study: RA patients (N = 12, age: 56 ± 11) undertook a bout of exercise (30-40 min, 70 % VO2MAX), and blood samples were taken before and after exercise to assess markers of oxidative stress. Training study: RA patients (N = 19, age: 56 ± 10) were randomised into either a control or exercise group, who undertook 3 exercise sessions per week (30-40 min @70 % VO2MAX) for 3 months. Plasma markers of oxidative stress (protein carbonyls (PC), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) activity), inflammation (interleukin-8 (IL-8) and C-reactive protein (CRP)) and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) were assessed before and after training. RESULTS Acute exercise study: Protein carbonyls (PC) (+18 %) and NOx (+27 %) were significantly increased following exercise. Training study: 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) decreased (2.18 ± 1.78 to 1.10 ± 0.93 μM) in the exercise group only, alongside increases in aerobic fitness (24.45 ± 4.98 to 27.10 ± 4.51 ml/kg/min(-1)) and reductions in disease activity score (DAS: 3.47 ± 1.17 to 2.88 ± 0.76). PC, LOOH, TAC, IL-8, CRP and NOx concentrations, and CAT activity were unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise training did not increase markers of oxidative stress in RA patients. 3-Nitrotyrosine and disease activity were decreased following exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Wadley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Taito S, Domen S, Sekikawa K, Kamikawa N, Oura K, Kimura T, Takahashi M, Hamada H. Cigarette Smoking does not Induce Plasma or Pulmonary Oxidative Stress after Moderate-intensity Exercise. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:413-5. [PMID: 24707095 PMCID: PMC3976014 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Cigarette smoking increases oxidative stress, which is a risk factor for
several diseases. Moreover, strenuous exercise has been shown to induce plasma and
pulmonary oxidative stress in young cigarette smokers. However, no previous reports have
demonstrated whether plasma and pulmonary oxidative stress occur after moderate-intensity
exercise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify whether moderate-intensity
exercise induces pulmonary and plasma oxidative stress in smokers. [Subjects] Ten young
male smokers and 10 young male nonsmokers participated in this study. [Methods] Plasma
hydroperoxide concentrations were measured at baseline and then immediately and 15 min
after moderate-intensity exercise. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations in exhaled breath
condensate were measured at baseline and after exercise. [Results] No significant
interactions were found between smokers and nonsmokers in terms of hydroperoxide or
hydrogen peroxide concentrations following moderate-intensity exercise at any time point.
[Conclusion] These findings suggested that moderate-intensity exercise did not induce
plasma or pulmonary oxidative stress in young cigarette smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Taito
- Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Sayaka Domen
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Sekikawa
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Norimichi Kamikawa
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Keisuke Oura
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Kimura
- Department of Kindergarten Education, Yasuda Women's College, Japan
| | - Makoto Takahashi
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Fiuza-Luces C, Garatachea N, Berger NA, Lucia A. Exercise is the real polypill. Physiology (Bethesda) 2014; 28:330-58. [PMID: 23997192 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of a "polypill" is receiving growing attention to prevent cardiovascular disease. Yet similar if not overall higher benefits are achievable with regular exercise, a drug-free intervention for which our genome has been haped over evolution. Compared with drugs, exercise is available at low cost and relatively free of adverse effects. We summarize epidemiological evidence on the preventive/therapeutic benefits of exercise and on the main biological mediators involved.
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Kabasakalis A, Tsalis G, Zafrana E, Loupos D, Mougios V. Effects of endurance and high-intensity swimming exercise on the redox status of adolescent male and female swimmers. J Sports Sci 2014; 32:747-56. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2013.850595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Kabasakalis
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Tsalis
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Demetrios Loupos
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ballmann C, McGinnis G, Peters B, Slivka D, Cuddy J, Hailes W, Dumke C, Ruby B, Quindry J. Exercise-induced oxidative stress and hypoxic exercise recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:725-33. [PMID: 24384982 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia due to altitude diminishes performance and alters exercise oxidative stress responses. While oxidative stress and exercise are well studied, the independent impact of hypoxia on exercise recovery remains unknown. Accordingly, we investigated hypoxic recovery effects on post-exercise oxidative stress. Physically active males (n = 12) performed normoxic cycle ergometer exercise consisting of ten high:low intensity intervals, 20 min at moderate intensity, and 6 h recovery at 975 m (normoxic) or simulated 5,000 m (hypoxic chamber) in a randomized counter-balanced cross-over design. Oxygen saturation was monitored via finger pulse oximetry. Blood plasma obtained pre- (Pre), post- (Post), 2 h post- (2Hr), 4 h post- (4Hr), and 6 h (6Hr) post-exercise was assayed for Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP), Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), Lipid Hydroperoxides (LOOH), and Protein Carbonyls (PC). Biopsies from the vastus lateralis obtained Pre and 6Hr were analyzed by real-time PCR quantify expression of Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2), and Nuclear factor (euthyroid-derived2)-like factor (NFE2L2). PCs were not altered between trials, but a time effect (13 % Post-2Hr increase, p = 0.044) indicated exercise-induced blood oxidative stress. Plasma LOOH revealed only a time effect (p = 0.041), including a 120 % Post-4Hr increase. TEAC values were elevated in normoxic recovery versus hypoxic recovery. FRAP values were higher 6Hr (p = 0.045) in normoxic versus hypoxic recovery. Exercise elevated gene expression of NFE2L2 (20 % increase, p = 0.001) and SOD2 (42 % increase, p = 0.003), but hypoxic recovery abolished this response. Data indicate that recovery in a hypoxic environment, independent of exercise, may alter exercise adaptations to oxidative stress and metabolism.
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Alterations in red blood cells and plasma properties after acute single bout of exercise. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:168376. [PMID: 24453803 PMCID: PMC3881673 DOI: 10.1155/2013/168376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in haemoglobin conformation and parameters related to oxidative stress in whole erythrocytes, membranes, and plasma after a single bout of exercise in a group of young untrained men.
Venous blood samples from eleven healthy young untrained males (age = 22 ± 2 years, BMI = 23 ± 2.5 kg/m2) were taken from the antecubital vein before an incremental cycling exercise test, immediately after exercise, and 1 hour after exercise. Individual heart rate response to this exercise was 195 ± 12 beats/min and the maximum wattage was 292 ± 27 W. Immediately after exercise, significant increase in standard parameters (haemoglobin, haematocrit, lactate levels, and plasma volume) of blood was observed as well as plasma antioxidant capacity one hour after exercise. Reversible conformational changes in haemoglobin, measured using a maleimide spin label, were found immediately following exercise. The concentration of ascorbic acid inside erythrocytes significantly decreased after exercise. A significant decline in membrane thiols was observed one hour after exercise, but simultaneously an increase in plasma thiols immediately after and 1 h after exercise was also observed. This study shows that a single bout of exercise can lead to mobilization of defensive antioxidant systems in blood against oxidative stress in young untrained men.
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Perrea A, Vlachos IS, Korou LM, Doulamis IP, Exarhopoulou K, Kypraios G, Kalofoutis A, Perrea DN. Comparison of the short-term oxidative stress response in National League basketball and soccer adolescent athletes. Angiology 2013; 65:624-9. [PMID: 23921505 DOI: 10.1177/0003319713497991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise is considered protective against oxidative stress-related disorders. However, there is increasing evidence that strenuous activity may induce increased oxidative stress response. This study investigated the impact of vigorous physical activity on serum oxidative stress markers in 36 soccer and 12 basketball National League adolescent athletes 40 minutes before and 15 minutes after a National League game. Serum total peroxide, fibrinogen, polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase, and myeloperoxidase levels were determined. No significant differences in any of the measured parameters were observed before the match. Soccer players exhibited significantly lower total peroxide (P < .05) and higher PMN elastase concentrations (P < .05) than that of the basketball athletes after the game. A number of important differences between these 2 sports, such as duration or total aerobic and anaerobic demands, may affect oxidative status. These parameters need to be further examined in order to elucidate the different effects of these 2 sports on postexercise oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vlachos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Laskarina-Maria Korou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias P Doulamis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Exarhopoulou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Kypraios
- Department of Human Motion Science and Quality of Life, University of Peloponnese, Sparti, Greece
| | | | - Despina N Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Markers of oxidative stress and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity in older men and women with differing physical activity. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1141-6. [PMID: 23911531 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between markers of oxidative stress and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity and physical activity in older men and women. The present study included 481 participants (233 men and 248 women) in the age group 65-69 years (127 men and 125 women) and in the age group 90 years and over (106 men and 123 women). The classification of respondents by physical activity was based on answers to the question if, in the past 12 months, they engaged in any pastimes which require physical activity. The systemic oxidative stress status was assessed by measuring plasma iso-PGF2α and protein carbonyl concentration as well as erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes activity, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). The concentration of plasma iso-PGF2α and protein carbonyls (CP) was lower in groups of younger men and women compared to the respective older groups. In all examined groups, physical activity resulted in decrease of these oxidative stress markers and simultaneously caused adaptive increase in the erythrocyte SOD activity. Additionally, in active younger men CAT, GPx, and GR activities were higher than in sedentary ones. In conclusion, oxidative stress increase is age-related, but physical activity can reduce oxidative stress markers and induce adaptive increase in the erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity, especially SOD, even in old and very old men and women.
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Farney TM, McCarthy CG, Canale RE, Schilling BK, Whitehead PN, Bloomer RJ. Absence of blood oxidative stress in trained men after strenuous exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 44:1855-63. [PMID: 22525774 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182592575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Exercise has been noted in some, but not all, studies to elicit an oxidative stress. The discrepancy in findings may be related to differences in exercise intensity across protocols, as well as to differences in training status of participants. PURPOSE We compared blood oxidative stress biomarkers in exercise-trained men after three different bouts of exercise of varying intensity and duration, as well as a nonexercise condition. METHODS On different days, men (n = 12, 21-35 yr) performed aerobic cycle exercise (60 min at 70% HR reserve) and cycle sprints (five 60-s sprints at 100% maximum wattage obtained during graded exercise testing and ten 15-s sprints at 200% maximum wattage obtained during graded exercise testing). Blood was collected before and 0, 30, and 60 min after exercise and analyzed for malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), advanced oxidation protein products, and nitrate/nitrite (NO(x)). As indicators of antioxidant status, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were measured. RESULTS No differences were noted in malondialdehyde, H(2)O(2), advanced oxidation protein product, or NO(x) between conditions or across time (P > 0.05). Antioxidant capacity was generally highest at 30 and 60 min after exercise and lowest at 0 min after exercise. CONCLUSIONS In trained men, and considering the limitations of the current design (e.g., inclusion of selected oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers measured in blood only), strenuous bouts of exercise do not result in a significant increase in blood oxidative stress during the 1-h postexercise period. These findings may be related to attenuation in reactive oxygen species production as an adaptation to chronic exercise training and/or a protective effect of the antioxidant system in response to acute strenuous exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Farney
- Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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McCarthy CG, Farney TM, Canale RE, Dessoulavy ME, Bloomer RJ. High-fat feeding, but not strenuous exercise, increases blood oxidative stress in trained men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:33-41. [PMID: 23368826 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two prevalent origins of oxidative stress in Western society are the ingestion of high-fat meals and the performance of strenuous exercise. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the magnitude of increase in blood oxidative stress following acute feeding and acute exercise. Twelve exercise-trained men consumed a high-fat meal or performed 1 of 3 exercise bouts (steady-state aerobic; high-intensity, moderate-duration interval sprints; maximal intensity, short-duration interval sprints) in a random order, crossover design. Blood was collected before and at times following feeding and exercise. Samples were analyzed for trigylcerides, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), nitrate/nitrite (NOx), trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). A significant condition effect was noted for MDA (p = 0.01), H(2)O(2) (p < 0.0001), and AOPP (p = 0.0006), with values highest for the meal condition. An increase of 88%, 247%, and 96% was noted from pre- to post-feeding for MDA, H(2)O(2), and AOPP, respectively. A condition effect was also noted for TEAC (p = 0.04) and CAT (p = 0.05), with values lowest for the meal condition (TEAC) and the meal and aerobic exercise condition (CAT). NOx, SOD, and GPx were relatively unaffected by feeding and exercise, while MDA, H(2)O(2), and AOPP experienced little change from pre- to postexercise (p > 0.05). These results illustrate that the magnitude of blood oxidative stress following a high-fat meal is significantly greater than that elicited by either aerobic or anaerobic exercise in a sample of exercise-trained men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron G McCarthy
- Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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Taito S, Sekikawa K, Oura K, Kamikawa N, Matsuki R, Kimura T, Takahashi M, Inamizu T, Hamada H. Plasma oxidative stress is induced by single-sprint anaerobic exercise in young cigarette smokers. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2012; 33:241-4. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiyokazu Sekikawa
- Department of Health and Sports Medical Sciences; Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima; Japan
| | - Keisuke Oura
- Department of Health and Sports Medical Sciences; Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima; Japan
| | - Norimichi Kamikawa
- Department of Health and Sports Medical Sciences; Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima; Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuki
- Department of Health and Sports Medical Sciences; Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima; Japan
| | - Tatsushi Kimura
- Department of Kindergarten Education; Yasuda Women's College; Hiroshima; Japan
| | - Makoto Takahashi
- Department of Health and Sports Medical Sciences; Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima; Japan
| | - Tsutomu Inamizu
- Department of Health and Sports Medical Sciences; Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima; Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Health and Sports Medical Sciences; Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima; Japan
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