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Moriyama A, Ueda H, Narumi K, Asano S, Furugen A, Saito Y, Kobayashi M. Contribution of aldehyde oxidase to methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity: In Vitro and pharmacoepidemiological approaches. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38706380 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2352453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is partially metabolized by aldehyde oxidase (AOX) in the liver and its clinical impact remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate how AOX contributes to MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and clarify the relationship between concomitant AOX inhibitor use and MTX-associated liver injury development using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHODS We assessed intracellular MTX accumulation and cytotoxicity using HepG2 cells. We used the FAERS database to detect reporting odds ratio (ROR)-based MTX-related hepatotoxicity event signals. RESULTS AOX inhibition by AOX inhibitor raloxifene and siRNA increased the MTX accumulation in HepG2 cells and enhanced the MTX-induced cell viability reduction. In the FAERS analysis, the ROR for MTX-related hepatotoxicity increased with non-overlap of 95% confidence interval when co-administered with drugs with higher Imax, u (maximum unbound plasma concentration)/IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration for inhibition of AOX) calculated based on reported pharmacokinetic data. CONCLUSION AOX inhibition contributed to MTX accumulation in the liver, resulting in increased hepatotoxicity. Our study raises concerns regarding MTX-related hepatotoxicity when co-administered with drugs that possibly inhibit AOX activity at clinical concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Moriyama
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hinata Ueda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Narumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shuho Asano
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayako Furugen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Saito
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Tian D, Yu Y, Zhang L, Sun J, Jiang W. A Five-Gene-Based Prognostic Signature for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:681388. [PMID: 34568357 PMCID: PMC8455941 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.681388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study intends to identify potential prognostic marker genes associated with the prognosis of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on TCGA and GEO analysis. Methods: TCGA-LIHC cohort was downloaded and the data related to HCC were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and subjected to differential analysis. HCC-related gene expression datasets were retrieved from the GEO database, followed by differential analysis. After intersection of the results of TCGA and GEO databases, gene interaction analysis was performed to obtain the core genes. To identify the genes related to the prognosis of HCC patients, we conducted univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. Results: Based on differential analysis of TCGA database, 854 genes were differentially expressed in HCC, any of which might link to the occurrence and progression of HCC. Meanwhile, joint analysis of HCC-related gene expression datasets in the GEO database screened 214 genes. Five core genes CDC20, TOP2A, RRM2, UBE2C and AOX1 were significantly associated with the prognosis of HCC patients and the risk model based on these five genes effectively predicted the prognosis of HCC patients. Conclusion: Collectively, our data suggest that CDC20, TOP2A, RRM2, UBE2C and AOX1 may be the key genes affecting the prognosis of patients with HCC. The five-gene signature could accurately predict the prognosis of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Tian
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jisan Sun
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Yu Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Xu S, Li Y, Liu Q, Yang Y, Sun N, Liu Y, Zhang J, Guo Y, Ni X. Clinical implications of TPO and AOX1 in pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:723-732. [PMID: 34012822 PMCID: PMC8107839 DOI: 10.21037/tp-20-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma is a common pediatric head and neck cancer, of which papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type. Previously, we found that thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) were differentially expressed in PTC. This study explored the clinical importance of TPO and AOX1 in the diagnosis and prognosis of PTC in children. METHODS Both TPO and AOX1 expression in PTC were analyzed using datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). TPO and AOX1 protein levels in plasma from patients with PTC and non-tumor controls were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic accuracy of TPO and AOX1 was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The association between gene expression levels and patient survival was explored using the Kaplan-Meier plotter online database. RESULTS The results revealed that TPO and AOX1 expression was significantly downregulated in four independent datasets (GSE33630, GSE27155, GSE3678, and GSE3467). TPO and AOX1 protein levels in blood plasma were significantly decreased in patients with PTC. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that TPO and AOX1 levels in plasma had satisfactory predictive performance and the ability to discriminate PTC from healthy samples. Prognostic analysis demonstrated that low levels of TPO and AOX1 were markedly associated with poor survival in patients with PTC. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these results implied that TPO and AOX1 could serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of pediatric PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Shengcai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Xuexi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhen Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Yeran Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Nian Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
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Ma X, Zhou L, Zheng S. Transcriptome analysis revealed key prognostic genes and microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8930. [PMID: 32296612 PMCID: PMC7150540 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in HCC remain unclear and are in urgent need of elucidation. Therefore, we sought to identify biomarkers in the prognosis of HCC through an integrated bioinformatics analysis. Methods Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) for the screening of common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Function and pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction network construction and key gene identification were performed. The significance of key genes in HCC was validated by overall survival analysis and immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, based on TCGA data, prognostic microRNAs (miRNAs) were decoded using univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis, and their target genes were predicted by miRWalk. Results Eleven hub genes (upregulated ASPM, AURKA, CCNB2, CDC20, PRC1 and TOP2A and downregulated AOX1, CAT, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and HP) with the most interactions were considered as potential biomarkers in HCC and confirmed by overall survival analysis. Moreover, AURKA, PRC1, TOP2A, AOX1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 were considered candidate liver-biopsy markers for high risk of developing HCC and poor prognosis in HCC. Upregulation of hsa-mir-1269b, hsa-mir-518d, hsa-mir-548aq, hsa-mir-548f-1, and hsa-mir-6728, and downregulation of hsa-mir-139 and hsa-mir-4800 were determined to be risk factors of poor prognosis, and most of these miRNAs have strong potential to help regulate the expression of key genes. Conclusions This study undertook the first large-scale integrated bioinformatics analysis of the data from Illumina BeadArray platforms and the TCGA database. With a comprehensive analysis of transcriptional alterations, including mRNAs and miRNAs, in HCC, our study presented candidate biomarkers for the surveillance and prognosis of the disease, and also identified novel therapeutic targets at the molecular and pathway levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ma
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Deen CPJ, van der Veen A, Gomes-Neto AW, Geleijnse JM, Borgonjen-van den Berg KJ, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Kema IP, Bakker SJL. Urinary Excretion of N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and N1-methylnicotinamide in Renal Transplant Recipients and Donors. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E437. [PMID: 32041099 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N1-methylnicotinamide (N1-MN) and N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2Py) are successive end products of NAD+ catabolism. N1-MN excretion in 24-h urine is the established biomarker of niacin nutritional status, and recently shown to be reduced in renal transplant recipients (RTR). However, it is unclear whether 2Py excretion is increased in this population, and, if so, whether a shift in excretion of N1-MN to 2Py can be attributed to kidney function. Hence, we assessed the 24-h urinary excretion of 2Py and N1-MN in RTR and kidney donors before and after kidney donation, and investigated associations of the urinary ratio of 2Py to N1-MN (2Py/N1-MN) with kidney function, and independent determinants of urinary 2Py/N1-MN in RTR. The urinary excretion of 2Py and N1-MN was measured in a cross-sectional cohort of 660 RTR and 275 healthy kidney donors with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Linear regression analyses were used to investigate associations and determinants of urinary 2Py/N1-MN. Median 2Py excretion was 178.1 (130.3–242.8) μmol/day in RTR, compared to 155.6 (119.6–217.6) μmol/day in kidney donors (p < 0.001). In kidney donors, urinary 2Py/N1-MN increased significantly after kidney donation (4.0 ± 1.4 to 5.2 ± 1.5, respectively; p < 0.001). Smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were identified as independent determinants of urinary 2Py/N1-MN in RTR. In conclusion, the 24-h urinary excretion of 2Py is higher in RTR than in kidney donors, and urinary 2Py/N1-MN increases after kidney donation. As our data furthermore reveal strong associations of urinary 2Py/N1-MN with kidney function, interpretation of both N1-MN and 2Py excretion may be recommended for assessment of niacin nutritional status in conditions of impaired kidney function.
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Manevski N, King L, Pitt WR, Lecomte F, Toselli F. Metabolism by Aldehyde Oxidase: Drug Design and Complementary Approaches to Challenges in Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10955-10994. [PMID: 31385704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde oxidase (AO) catalyzes oxidations of azaheterocycles and aldehydes, amide hydrolysis, and diverse reductions. AO substrates are rare among marketed drugs, and many candidates failed due to poor pharmacokinetics, interspecies differences, and adverse effects. As most issues arise from complex and poorly understood AO biology, an effective solution is to stop or decrease AO metabolism. This perspective focuses on rational drug design approaches to modulate AO-mediated metabolism in drug discovery. AO biological aspects are also covered, as they are complementary to chemical design and important when selecting the experimental system for risk assessment. The authors' recommendation is an early consideration of AO-mediated metabolism supported by computational and in vitro experimental methods but not an automatic avoidance of AO structural flags, many of which are versatile and valuable building blocks. Preferably, consideration of AO-mediated metabolism should be part of the multiparametric drug optimization process, with the goal to improve overall drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Manevski
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - Lloyd King
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - William R Pitt
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Lecomte
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Toselli
- UCB BioPharma , Chemin du Foriest 1 , 1420 Braine-l'Alleud , Belgium
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Qiao Y, Maiti K, Sultana Z, Fu L, Smith R. Inhibition of vertebrate aldehyde oxidase as a therapeutic treatment for cancer, obesity, aging and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111948. [PMID: 31877540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are a small sub-family of cytosolic molybdo-flavoenzymes, which are structurally conserved proteins and broadly distributed from plants to animals. AOXs play multiple roles in both physiological and pathological processes and AOX inhibition is of increasing significance in the development of novel drugs and therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the evolution and the action mechanism of AOX and the role of each domain. The review provides an update of the polymorphisms in the human AOX. This review also summarises the physiology of AOX in different organs and its role in drug metabolism. The inhibition of AOX is a promising therapeutic treatment for cancer, obesity, aging and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Beedham
- Honorary Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Riad A, Narasimhulu CA, Deme P, Parthasarathy S. A Novel Mechanism for Atherosclerotic Calcification: Potential Resolution of the Oxidation Paradox. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:471-483. [PMID: 29237273 PMCID: PMC6034402 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we tested the hypothesis that lipid peroxide-derived dicarboxylic acids (DCAs), by virtue of their ability to bind to calcium (Ca), might be involved in atherosclerotic calcification. We determined the ability of azelaic acid (AzA) to promote calcification in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), identified AzA in human calcified atherosclerotic lesions, and compared its levels with control and noncalcified atherosclerotic lesions. RESULTS HASMCs efficiently converted 9-oxononanoic acid (ONA), a lipid peroxide-derived monocarboxylic aldehyde, to AzA. In vitro incubations of AzA micelles with HASMC resulted in the formation of Ca deposits, which contained AzA. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of human control uninvolved artery, noncalcified, and calcified lesions showed significant increase of AzA in calcified lesions compared with noncalcified and control tissues. Calcified mouse atherosclerotic lesions also showed substantial presence of AzA in Ca complexes. INNOVATION This study identifies a DCA, AzA, as an integral part of the Ca complex. The study also demonstrates the conversion of a lipid peroxidation product, ONA, as a potential source of AzA, and establishes the presence of AzA in calcified materials isolated from human and mouse lesions. CONCLUSION The presence of AzA as a Ca sequestering agent in atherosclerotic lesions (i) might indicate participation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) derived products in calcification, (ii) explain the potential correlation between calcification and overall plaque burden (as Ox-LDL has been suggested to be involved in atherogenesis), (iii) could contribute to plaque stabilization via its anti-inflammatory actions, and (iv) might explain why antioxidants failed to affect atherosclerosis in clinical studies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 471-483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aladdin Riad
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Pragney Deme
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida
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Terao M, Romão MJ, Leimkühler S, Bolis M, Fratelli M, Coelho C, Santos-silva T, Garattini E. Structure and function of mammalian aldehyde oxidases. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:753-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Taoka M, Morofuji N, Yamauchi Y, Ojima H, Kubota D, Terukina G, Nobe Y, Nakayama H, Takahashi N, Kosuge T, Isobe T, Kondo T. Global PROTOMAP profiling to search for biomarkers of early-recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4847-58. [PMID: 24967658 DOI: 10.1021/pr500262p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study used global protein expression profiling to search for biomarkers to predict early recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC tissues surgically resected from patients with or without recurrence within 2 years (early recurrent) after surgery were compared with adjacent nontumor tissue and with normal liver tissue. We used the PROTOMAP strategy for comparative profiling, which integrates denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis migratory rates and high-resolution, semiquantitative mass-spectrometry-based identification of in-gel-digested tryptic peptides. PROTOMAP allows examination of global changes in the size, topography, and abundance of proteins in complex tissue samples. This approach identified 8438 unique proteins from 45 708 nonredundant peptides and generated a proteome-wide map of changes in expression and proteolytic events potentially induced by intrinsic apoptotic/necrotic pathways. In the early recurrent HCC tissue, 87 proteins were differentially expressed (≥20-fold) relative to the other tissues, 46 of which were up-regulated or specifically proteolyzed and 41 of which were down-regulated. This data set consisted of proteins that fell into various functional categories, including signal transduction and cell organization and, notably, the major catalytic pathways responsible for liver function, such as the urea cycle and detoxification metabolism. We found that aberrant proteolysis appeared to occur frequently during recurrence of HCC in several key signal transducers, including STAT1 and δ-catenin. Further investigation of these proteins will facilitate the development of novel clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Taoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Minamiosawa 1-1, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Russ Hille
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - James Hall
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Partha Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
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Mahro M, Brás NF, Cerqueira NMFSA, Teutloff C, Coelho C, Romão MJ, Leimkühler S. Identification of crucial amino acids in mouse aldehyde oxidase 3 that determine substrate specificity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82285. [PMID: 24358164 PMCID: PMC3864932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to elucidate factors that determine substrate specificity and activity of mammalian molybdo-flavoproteins we performed site directed mutagenesis of mouse aldehyde oxidase 3 (mAOX3). The sequence alignment of different aldehyde oxidase (AOX) isoforms identified variations in the active site of mAOX3 in comparison to other AOX proteins and xanthine oxidoreductases (XOR). Based on the structural alignment of mAOX3 and bovine XOR, differences in amino acid residues involved in substrate binding in XORs in comparison to AOXs were identified. We exchanged several residues in the active site to the ones found in other AOX homologues in mouse or to residues present in bovine XOR in order to examine their influence on substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. Additionally we analyzed the influence of the [2Fe-2S] domains of mAOX3 on its kinetic properties and cofactor saturation. We applied UV-VIS and EPR monitored redox-titrations to determine the redox potentials of wild type mAOX3 and mAOX3 variants containing the iron-sulfur centers of mAOX1. In addition, a combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations (MD) was used to investigate factors that modulate the substrate specificity and activity of wild type and AOX variants. The successful conversion of an AOX enzyme to an XOR enzyme was achieved exchanging eight residues in the active site of mAOX3. It was observed that the absence of the K889H exchange substantially decreased the activity of the enzyme towards all substrates analyzed, revealing that this residue has an important role in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mahro
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Natércia F. Brás
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Christian Teutloff
- Institute for Experimentalphysics, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Catarina Coelho
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria João Romão
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Haldrup C, Mundbjerg K, Vestergaard EM, Lamy P, Wild P, Schulz WA, Arsov C, Visakorpi T, Borre M, Høyer S, Orntoft TF, Sørensen KD. DNA methylation signatures for prediction of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy of clinically localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:3250-8. [PMID: 23918943 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.47.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diagnostic and prognostic tools for prostate cancer (PC) are suboptimal, causing overtreatment of indolent PC and risk of delayed treatment of aggressive PC. Here, we identify six novel candidate DNA methylation markers for PC with promising diagnostic and prognostic potential. METHODS Microarray-based screening and bisulfite sequencing of 20 nonmalignant and 29 PC tissue specimens were used to identify new candidate DNA hypermethylation markers for PC. Diagnostic and prognostic potential was evaluated in 35 nonmalignant prostate tissue samples, 293 radical prostatectomy (RP) samples (cohort 1, training), and 114 malignant RP samples (cohort 2, validation) collected in Denmark, Switzerland, Germany, and Finland. Sensitivity and specificity for PC were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analyses. Correlations between DNA methylation levels and biochemical recurrence were assessed using log-rank tests and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Hypermethylation of AOX1, C1orf114, GAS6, HAPLN3, KLF8, and MOB3B was highly cancer specific (area under the curve, 0.89 to 0.98). Furthermore, high C1orf114 methylation was significantly (P < .05) associated with biochemical recurrence in multivariate analysis in cohort 1 (hazard ratio [HR], 3.10; 95% CI, 1.89 to 5.09) and was successfully validated in cohort 2 (HR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.17 to 9.12). Moreover, a significant (P < .05) three-gene prognostic methylation signature (AOX1/C1orf114/HAPLN3), classifying patients into low- and high-methylation subgroups, was trained in cohort 1 (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.26 to 2.90) and validated in cohort 2 (HR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.31 to 4.13). CONCLUSION We identified six novel candidate DNA methylation markers for PC. C1orf114 hypermethylation and a three-gene methylation signature were independent predictors of time to biochemical recurrence after RP in two PC patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Haldrup
- Christa Haldrup, Kamilla Mundbjerg, Else Marie Vestergaard, Philippe Lamy, Michael Borre, Søren Høyer, Torben F. Ørntoft, and Karina D. Sørensen, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Peter Wild, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Wolfgang A. Schulz and Christian Arsov, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; and Tapio Visakorpi, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous malignant neoplasm in men in the Western countries. It is well established that genetic and epigenetic alterations are common events in prostate cancer, which may lead to aberrant expression of critical genes. Most of the studies are focused on the overexpressed or duplicated genes in prostate cancer. However, it is known that some of the differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer are downregulated. Since the inventory of downregulated genes is incomplete, we performed in silico approaches to reveal the novel prostate cancer downregulated genes. Moreover, we also investigated for a possible link between the expression of the downregulated genes and tumor grade, recurrence, metastasis, or survival status in prostate cancer. Our results showed that the expression of GSTP1 and AOX1 are downregulated in prostate cancer, in concordance with previous reports. Moreover, we showed that TPM2, CLU, and COL4A6 mRNA levels are downregulated in prostate cancer. Further, we found a significant negative correlation between the expression of the above-mentioned genes and the prognosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Varisli
- Department of Biology, Art and Science Faculty, Harran University, Osmanbey Campus, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
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17
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Zafar H, Ali S. Boron inhibits the proliferating cell nuclear antigen index, molybdenum containing proteins and ameliorates oxidative stress in hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 529:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Liu YY, Nagpure BV, Wong PTH, Bian JS. Hydrogen sulfide protects SH-SY5Y neuronal cells against d-galactose induced cell injury by suppression of advanced glycation end products formation and oxidative stress. Neurochem Int 2012; 62:603-9. [PMID: 23274001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
d-Galactose is widely used as an agent to cause aging effects in experimental animals. The present study aims to investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to d-galactose. Cells were pretreated with NaHS, an H2S donor, and then exposed to d-galactose (25-400mM for 48h). We found that NaHS pretreatment significantly reversed the d-galactose-induced cell death and cellular senescence. MTT assay shows that NaHS significantly increased cell viability from 62.31±1.29% to 72.34±0.46% compared with d-galactose (200mM) treatment group. The underlying mechanism appeared to involve a reduction by NaHS in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are known to contribute to the progression of age-related diseases. In addition, NaHS decreased the elevation of reactive oxygen species from 151.17±2.07% to 124.8±2.89% and malondialdehyde from 1.72±0.07 to 1.10±0.08 (nmol/mg protein) in SH-SY5Y cells after d-galactose exposure. NaHS also stimulated activities of superoxide dismutase from 0.42±0.05 to 0.73±0.04 (U/mg protein) and glutathione peroxidase from 3.98±0.73 to 14.73±0.77 (nmol/min/mg protein) and upregulated the gene expression levels of copper transport protein ATOX1, glutathione synthetase (GSS) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) while down-regulated aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1). In summary, our data indicate that H2S may have potentially anti-aging effects through the inhibition of AGEs formation and reduction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Zarepour M, Simon K, Wilch M, Nieländer U, Koshiba T, Seo M, Lindel T, Bittner F. Identification of superoxide production by Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidases AAO1 and AAO3. Plant Mol Biol 2012; 80:659-71. [PMID: 23065119 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant aldehyde oxidases (AOs) have gained great attention during the last years as they catalyze the last step in the biosynthesis of the phytohormone abscisic acid by oxidation of abscisic aldehyde. Furthermore, oxidation of indole-3-acetaldehyde by AOs is likely to represent one route to produce another phytohormone, indole-3-acetic acid, and thus, AOs play important roles in many aspects of plant growth and development. In the present work we demonstrate that heterologously expressed AAO1 and AAO3, two prominent members of the AO family from Arabidopsis thaliana, do not only generate hydrogen peroxide but also superoxide anions by transferring aldehyde-derived electrons to molecular oxygen. In support of this, superoxide production has also been found for native AO proteins in Arabidopsis leaf extracts. In addition to their aldehyde oxidation activity, AAO1 and AAO3 were found to exhibit NADH oxidase activity, which likewise is associated with the production of superoxide anions. According to these results and due to the fact that molecular oxygen is the only known physiological electron acceptor of AOs, the production of hydrogen peroxide and/or superoxide has to be considered in any physiological condition in which aldehydes or NADH serve as substrate for AOs. In this respect, conditions such as natural senescence and stress-induced stomatal movement, which both require simultaneously elevated levels of abscisic acid and hydrogen peroxide/superoxide, are likely to benefit from AOs in two ways, namely by formation of abscisic acid and by concomitant formation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zarepour
- Department of Plant Biology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Humboldtstrasse 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Kim JW, Kim ST, Turner AR, Young T, Smith S, Liu W, Lindberg J, Egevad L, Gronberg H, Isaacs WB, Xu J. Identification of new differentially methylated genes that have potential functional consequences in prostate cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48455. [PMID: 23119026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many differentially methylated genes have been identified in prostate cancer (PCa), primarily using candidate gene-based assays. Recently, several global DNA methylation profiles have been reported in PCa, however, each of these has weaknesses in terms of ability to observe global DNA methylation alterations in PCa. We hypothesize that there remains unidentified aberrant DNA methylation in PCa, which may be identified using higher resolution assay methods. We used the newly developed Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in PCa (n = 19) and adjacent normal tissues (n = 4) and combined these with gene expression data for identifying new DNA methylation that may have functional consequences in PCa development and progression. We also confirmed our methylation results in an independent data set. Two aberrant DNA methylation genes were validated among an additional 56 PCa samples and 55 adjacent normal tissues. A total 28,735 CpG sites showed significant differences in DNA methylation (FDR adjusted P<0.05), defined as a mean methylation difference of at least 20% between PCa and normal samples. Furthermore, a total of 122 genes had more than one differentially methylated CpG site in their promoter region and a gene expression pattern that was inverse to the direction of change in DNA methylation (e.g. decreased expression with increased methylation, and vice-versa). Aberrant DNA methylation of two genes, AOX1 and SPON2, were confirmed via bisulfate sequencing, with most of the respective CpG sites showing significant differences between tumor samples and normal tissues. The AOX1 promoter region showed hypermethylation in 92.6% of 54 tested PCa samples in contrast to only three out of 53 tested normal tissues. This study used a new BeadChip combined with gene expression data in PCa to identify novel differentially methylated CpG sites located within genes. The newly identified differentially methylated genes may be used as biomarkers for PCa diagnosis.
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Itoh K, Adachi M, Sato J, Shouji K, Fukiya K, Fujii K, Tanaka Y. Effects of Selenium Deficiency on Aldehyde Oxidase 1 in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:190-4. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Itoh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University
| | - Mayuko Adachi
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jun Sato
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kanako Shouji
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kensuke Fukiya
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University
| | - Keiko Fujii
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yorihisa Tanaka
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University
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Terao M, Kurosaki M, Barzago MM, Fratelli M, Bagnati R, Bastone A, Giudice C, Scanziani E, Mancuso A, Tiveron C, Garattini E. Role of the molybdoflavoenzyme aldehyde oxidase homolog 2 in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid: generation and characterization of a knockout mouse. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:357-77. [PMID: 18981221 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.01385-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse aldehyde oxidase AOH2 (aldehyde oxidase homolog 2) is a molybdoflavoenzyme. Harderian glands are the richest source of AOH2, although the protein is detectable also in sebaceous glands, epidermis, and other keratinized epithelia. The levels of AOH2 in the Harderian gland and skin are controlled by genetic background, being maximal in CD1 and C57BL/6 and minimal in DBA/2, CBA, and 129/Sv strains. Testosterone is a negative regulator of AOH2 in Harderian glands. Purified AOH2 oxidizes retinaldehyde into retinoic acid, while it is devoid of pyridoxal-oxidizing activity. Aoh2(-/-) mice, the first aldehyde oxidase knockout animals ever generated, are viable and fertile. The data obtained for this knockout model indicate a significant role of AOH2 in the local synthesis and biodisposition of endogenous retinoids in the Harderian gland and skin. The Harderian gland's transcriptome of knockout mice demonstrates overall downregulation of direct retinoid-dependent genes as well as perturbations in pathways controlling lipid homeostasis and cellular secretion, particularly in sexually immature animals. The skin of knockout mice is characterized by thickening of the epidermis in basal conditions and after UV light exposure. This has correlates in the corresponding transcriptome, which shows enrichment and overall upregulation of genes involved in hypertrophic responses.
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