1
|
Suda K, Yokogawa D. Theoretical Study of Raman Intensities of p-Nitroaniline in Different Solvent Conditions by Using a Reference Interaction Site Model Self-Consistent Field Explicitly Including Constrained Spatial Electron Density Distribution. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:11023-11030. [PMID: 38100491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is one of the most powerful tools to understand and characterize the states and structures of systems in several environments. To obtain highly accurate changes in Raman intensities of systems in solution, theoretical treatment, which can deal with not only the states and structures of systems but also the environment around molecules, proves to be significant. Hence, in this study, we developed the calculation of changes in Raman intensities of systems in different solvent conditions by using the reference interaction site model self-consistent field study explicitly including constrained spatial electron density distribution; this model is designed based on elements from both quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. We showed that our calculation method could reproduce the changes in Raman intensities of p-nitroaniline (pNA) under different solvent conditions, including supercritical water, which has been observed in previous experimental studies. Based on the analysis of the calculation results, we observed that the ratio of the Raman intensity change of pNA in different solvent conditions is strongly correlated with the charge-transfer character of pNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Suda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yokogawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baptista RMF, Silva B, Oliveira J, Isfahani VB, Almeida B, Pereira MR, Cerca N, Castro C, Rodrigues PV, Machado A, Belsley M, Gomes EDM. High Piezoelectric Output Voltage from Blue Fluorescent N, N-Dimethyl-4-nitroaniline Nano Crystals in Poly-L-Lactic Acid Electrospun Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7958. [PMID: 36431444 PMCID: PMC9698555 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
N,N-dimethyl-4-nitroaniline is a piezoelectric organic superplastic and superelastic charge transfer molecular crystal that crystallizes in an acentric structure. Organic mechanical flexible crystals are of great importance as they stand between soft matter and inorganic crystals. Highly aligned poly-l-lactic acid polymer microfibers with embedded N,N-dimethyl-4-nitroaniline nanocrystals are fabricated using the electrospinning technique, and their piezoelectric and optical properties are explored as hybrid systems. The composite fibers display an extraordinarily high piezoelectric output response, where for a small stress of 5.0 × 103 Nm-2, an effective piezoelectric voltage coefficient of geff = 4.1 VmN-1 is obtained, which is one of the highest among piezoelectric polymers and organic lead perovskites. Mechanically, they exhibit an average increase of 67% in the Young modulus compared to polymer microfibers alone, reaching 55 MPa, while the tensile strength reaches 2.8 MPa. Furthermore, the fibers show solid-state blue fluorescence, important for emission applications, with a long lifetime decay (147 ns) lifetime decay. The present results show that nanocrystals from small organic molecules with luminescent, elastic and piezoelectric properties form a mechanically strong hybrid functional 2-dimensional array, promising for applications in energy harvesting through the piezoelectric effect and as solid-state blue emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. F. Baptista
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruna Silva
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - João Oliveira
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Vahideh B. Isfahani
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Almeida
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Mário R. Pereira
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cidália Castro
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro V. Rodrigues
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Machado
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Michael Belsley
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Etelvina de Matos Gomes
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu JW, Yu J, Han YC. Multi-path effect in population transfer dynamics of the photoassociation of hot Mg atoms by a femtosecond laser pulse. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
4
|
Kimura Y. Solvation heterogeneity in ionic liquids as demonstrated by photo-chemical reactions. PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It has been recognised that ionic liquids (ILs) with long alkyl-chains have a segregated structure due to the inhomogeneous distribution of polar parts and non-polar parts. This inhomogeneity of ILs brings about unique solvation phenomena of solute molecules dissolved in ILs. We have investigated various solvation-state selective phenomena by using laser spectroscopic techniques such as solvation state selective vibrational spectroscopy, translational and rotational dynamics of small molecules in ILs, and solvation state selective fundamental chemical reactions. In this paper, we have reviewed an intramolecular electron transfer (ET) reaction in the Marcus inverted region of N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline and an intramolecular proton transfer (IPT) reaction in 4′-N,N-diethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone as examples of chemical reactions affected by unique solvation in ILs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Kimura
- Department of molecular science and biochemistry, Faculty of science and engineering , Doshisha University , Kyotanabe-city, Kyoto 610-0321 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kimura Y, Fukui T, Okazoe S, Miyabayashi H, Endo T. Photo-excitation dynamics of N, N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline in ionic liquids: Effect of cation alkyl-chain length. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Rubtsov IV, Burin AL. Ballistic and diffusive vibrational energy transport in molecules. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:020901. [PMID: 30646721 DOI: 10.1063/1.5055670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy transport in molecules is essential for many areas of science and technology. Strong covalent bonds of a molecular backbone can facilitate the involvement of the molecule's high-frequency modes in energy transport, which, under certain conditions, makes the transport fast and efficient. We discuss such conditions and describe various transport regimes in molecules, including ballistic, diffusive, directed diffusion, and intermediate regime cases, in light of recently developed experimental and theoretical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Alexander L Burin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu SI, Gao LT. Calculations of Electronic Excitation Energies and Excess Electric Dipole Moments of Solvated p-Nitroaniline with the EOM-CCSD-PCM Method. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6062-6070. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-I Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, No. 70 Lin-Shih Road, Taipei City 111, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, No. 70 Lin-Shih Road, Taipei City 111, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kushnarenko A, Miloglyadov E, Quack M, Seyfang G. Intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution in HCCCH2X (X = Cl, Br, I) measured by femtosecond pump–probe experiments in a hollow waveguide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:10949-10959. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08561c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time resolved femtosecond probing of intramolecular energy flow after excitation of the two different infrared CH-chromophores in these bichromophoric molecules shows strong dependence on the chemical environment of the initial excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kushnarenko
- ETH Zurich, Lab. für Physikalische Chemie
- HCI E235
- Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Eduard Miloglyadov
- ETH Zurich, Lab. für Physikalische Chemie
- HCI E235
- Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Martin Quack
- ETH Zurich, Lab. für Physikalische Chemie
- HCI E235
- Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Georg Seyfang
- ETH Zurich, Lab. für Physikalische Chemie
- HCI E235
- Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Demchenko AP, Tomin VI, Chou PT. Breaking the Kasha Rule for More Efficient Photochemistry. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13353-13381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Demchenko
- Palladin
Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kyiv 01030, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir I. Tomin
- Institute
of Physics, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, ul. Arciszewskiego, 22b, Słupsk 76-200, Poland
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kimura Y, Ibaraki S, Hirano R, Sugita Y, Yasaka Y, Ueno M. Photoexcitation dynamics of p-nitroaniline and N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-cation based ionic liquids with different alkyl-chain lengths. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:22161-22168. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03610h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Back electron transfer and vibrational energy relaxation of p-nitroaniline and N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline in ionic liquids were investigated using transient absorption spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Kimura
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Doshisha University
- Kyotanabe
- Japan
| | - S. Ibaraki
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Doshisha University
- Kyotanabe
- Japan
| | - R. Hirano
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Doshisha University
- Kyotanabe
- Japan
| | - Y. Sugita
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Doshisha University
- Kyotanabe
- Japan
| | - Y. Yasaka
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Doshisha University
- Kyotanabe
- Japan
| | - M. Ueno
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Doshisha University
- Kyotanabe
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lambert C, Moos M, Schmiedel A, Holzapfel M, Schäfer J, Kess M, Engel V. How fast is optically induced electron transfer in organic mixed valence systems? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19405-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03053j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optically induced electron transfer is about 3–4 orders of magnitude faster than thermally induced ET in organic mixed valence compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Lambert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - M. Moos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - A. Schmiedel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - M. Holzapfel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - J. Schäfer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - M. Kess
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - V. Engel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cabral BJC, Rivelino R, Coutinho K, Canuto S. Probing Lewis Acid-Base Interactions with Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics: The Electronic Absorption Spectrum of p-Nitroaniline in Supercritical CO2. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:8397-405. [PMID: 26039255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure and dynamics of p-nitroaniline (PNA) in supercritical CO2 (scCO2) at T = 315 K and ρ = 0.81 g cm(-3) are investigated by carrying out Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, and the electronic absorption spectrum in scCO2 is determined by time dependent density functional theory. The structure of the PNA-scCO2 solution illustrates the role played by Lewis acid-base (LA-LB) interactions. In comparison with isolated PNA, the ν(N-O) symmetric and asymmetric stretching modes of PNA in scCO2 are red-shifted by -17 and -29 cm(-1), respectively. The maximum of the charge transfer (CT) absorption band of PNA in scSCO2 is at 3.9 eV, and the predicted red-shift of the π → π* electronic transition relative to the isolated gas-phase PNA molecule reproduces the experimental value of -0.35 eV. An analysis of the relationship between geometry distortions and excitation energies of PNA in scCO2 shows that the π → π* CT transition is very sensitive to changes of the N-O bond distance, strongly indicating a correlation between vibrational and electronic solvatochromism driven by LA-LB interactions. Despite the importance of LA-LB interactions to explain the solvation of PNA in scCO2, the red-shift of the CT band is mainly determined by electrostatic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedito J Costa Cabral
- †Grupo de Física Matemática da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1049-003 Lisboa, Portugal.,‡Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Roberto Rivelino
- §Instituto de Física da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, CEP 40210-340 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Kaline Coutinho
- ∥Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, 05314-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sylvio Canuto
- ∥Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, 05314-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zaleśny R, Tian G, Hättig C, Bartkowiak W, Ågren H. Toward assessment of density functionals for vibronic coupling in two-photon absorption: A case study of 4-nitroaniline. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:1124-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zaleśny
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Technology; Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27 PL-50370 Wrocław Poland
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology; School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology; SE-10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Guangjun Tian
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology; School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology; SE-10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Christof Hättig
- Lehrstuhl fuer Theoretische Chemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150; D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wojciech Bartkowiak
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Technology; Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27 PL-50370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology; School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology; SE-10691 Stockholm Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liebel M, Schnedermann C, Kukura P. Vibrationally coherent crossing and coupling of electronic states during internal conversion in β-carotene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:198302. [PMID: 24877970 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.198302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coupling of nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom mediates energy flow in molecules after optical excitation. The associated coherent dynamics in polyatomic systems, however, remain experimentally unexplored. Here, we combined transient absorption spectroscopy with electronic population control to reveal nuclear wave packet dynamics during the S2 → S1 internal conversion in β-carotene. We show that passage through a conical intersection is vibrationally coherent and thereby provides direct feedback on the role of different vibrational coordinates in the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Liebel
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Schnedermann
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rizzo P, Lepera E, Ianniello G, Guerra G. Melt-Extruded Films of a Commercial Polymer with Intense Chiral Optical Response of Achiral Guests. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizzo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia and INSTM Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Eugenia Lepera
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia and INSTM Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 33B, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Graziella Ianniello
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia and INSTM Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia and INSTM Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hidalgo M, Rivelino R, Canuto S. Origin of the Red Shift for the Lowest Singlet π → π* Charge-Transfer Absorption of p-Nitroaniline in Supercritical CO2. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:1554-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ct401081e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Hidalgo
- Instituto
de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, 05314-970 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Roberto Rivelino
- Instituto
de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, 05314-970 São Paulo, SP Brazil
- Instituto
de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-340 Salvador, Bahia Brazil
| | - Sylvio Canuto
- Instituto
de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, 05314-970 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu C, Karim ET, Volkov AN, Zhigilei LV. Atomic Movies of Laser-Induced Structural and Phase Transformations from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. LASERS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-02898-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
18
|
Dorfman KE, Fingerhut BP, Mukamel S. Broadband infrared and Raman probes of excited-state vibrational molecular dynamics: simulation protocols based on loop diagrams. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:12348-59. [PMID: 23783120 PMCID: PMC3744248 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51117k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vibrational motions in electronically excited states can be observed either by time and frequency resolved infrared absorption or by off resonant stimulated Raman techniques. Multipoint correlation function expressions are derived for both signals. Three representations which suggest different simulation protocols for the signals are developed. These are based on the forward and the backward propagation of the wavefunction, sum over state expansion using an effective vibrational Hamiltonian or a semiclassical treatment of a bath. We show that the effective temporal (Δt) and spectral (Δω) resolution of the techniques is not controlled solely by experimental knobs but also depends on the system dynamics being probed. The Fourier uncertainty ΔωΔt > 1 is never violated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin E Dorfman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Y, Chen J, Kohler B. Hydrogen Bond Donors Accelerate Vibrational Cooling of Hot Purine Derivatives in Heavy Water. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:6771-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4040002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United
States
| | - Jinquan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United
States
| | - Bern Kohler
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Osawa K, Terazima M, Kimura Y. Electron Transfer Reaction Dynamics of p-Nitroaniline in Water from Liquid to Supercritical Conditions. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:11508-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305970r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Osawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502,
Japan
| | - Masahide Terazima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502,
Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502,
Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Narra S, Chang SW, Witek HA, Shigeto S. Is Our Way of Thinking about Excited States Correct? Time-Resolved Dispersive IR Study on p-Nitroaniline. Chemistry 2012; 18:2543-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Wang WC, Shigeto S. Infrared Electroabsorption Spectroscopy of N,N-Dimethyl-p-nitroaniline in Acetonitrile/C2Cl4: Solvation of the Solute and Self-Association of Acetonitrile. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:4448-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110539k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Shinsuke Shigeto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Haiser K, Koller FO, Huber M, Regner N, Schrader TE, Schreier WJ, Zinth W. Nitro-Phenylalanine: A Novel Sensor for Heat Transfer in Peptides. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:2169-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110597a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Haiser
- BioMolekulare Optik and Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich), Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Florian O. Koller
- BioMolekulare Optik and Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich), Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Markus Huber
- BioMolekulare Optik and Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich), Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Nadja Regner
- BioMolekulare Optik and Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich), Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Tobias E. Schrader
- BioMolekulare Optik and Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich), Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang J. Schreier
- BioMolekulare Optik and Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich), Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zinth
- BioMolekulare Optik and Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich), Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Preus S, Kilså K, Wilhelmsson LM, Albinsson B. Photophysical and structural properties of the fluorescent nucleobase analogues of the tricyclic cytosine (tC) family. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:8881-92. [PMID: 20532361 DOI: 10.1039/c000625d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental insight into the unique fluorescence and nucleobase-mimicking properties of the fluorescent nucleobase analogues of the tC family is not only vital in explaining the behaviour of these probes in nucleic acid environments, but will also be profitable in the development of new and improved fluorescent base analogues. Here, temperature-dependent fluorescence quantum yield measurements are used to successfully separate and quantify the temperature-dependent and temperature-independent non-radiative excited-state decay processes of the three nucleobase analogues tC, tC(O) and tC(nitro); all of which are derivatives of a phenothiazine or phenoxazine tricyclic framework. These results strongly suggest that the non-radiative decay process dominating the fast deactivation of tC(nitro) is an internal conversion of a different origin than the decay pathways of tC and tC(O). tC(nitro) is reported to be fluorescent only in less dipolar solvents at room temperature, which is explained by an increase in excited-state dipole moment along the main non-radiative decay pathway, a suggestion that applies in the photophysical discussion of large polycyclic nitroaromatics in general. New insight into the ground and excited-state potential energy surfaces of the isolated tC bases is obtained by means of high level DFT and TDDFT calculations. The S(0) potential energy surfaces of tC and tC(nitro) possess two global minima corresponding to geometries folded along the middle sulfur-nitrogen axis separated by an energy barrier of 0.05 eV as calculated at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) level. The ground-state potential energy surface of tC(O) is also predicted to be shallow along the bending coordinate but with an equilibrium geometry corresponding to the planar conformation of the tricyclic framework, which may explain some of the dissimilar properties of tC and tC(O) in various confined (biological) environments. The S(1) equilibrium geometries of all three base analogues are predicted to be planar. These results are discussed in the context of the tC bases positioned in double-stranded DNA scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Søren Preus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tarallo O, Schiavone MM, Petraccone V, Daniel C, Rizzo P, Guerra G. Channel Clathrate of Syndiotactic Polystyrene with p-nitroaniline. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902502f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oreste Tarallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Paolo Corradini”, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Paolo Corradini”, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vittorio Petraccone
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Paolo Corradini”, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christophe Daniel
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schade M, Hamm P. Vibrational energy transport in the presence of intrasite vibrational energy redistribution. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:044511. [PMID: 19655898 DOI: 10.1063/1.3185152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of vibrational energy flow is studied in a regime where a diffusion equation is likely to break down, i.e., on length scales of a few chemical bonds and time scales of a few picoseconds. This situation occurs, for example, during photochemical reactions in protein environment. To that end, a toy model is introduced that on the one hand mimics the vibrational normal mode distribution of proteins, and on the other hand is small enough to numerically time propagate the system fully quantum mechanically. Comparing classical and quantum-mechanical results, the question is addressed to what extent the classical nature of the molecular dynamics simulations (which would be the only choice for the modeling of a real molecular system) affects the vibrational energy flow mechanism. Small differences are found which are due to the different ways classical and quantum mechanics distribute thermal energy over vibrational modes. In either case, a ballistic and a diffusive phase can be identified. For these small length and time scales, the latter is governed by intrasite vibrational energy redistribution, since vibrational energy does not necessarily thermalize completely within individual peptide units. Overall, the model suggests a picture that unifies many of the observations made recently in experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schade
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tarallo O, Petraccone V, Daniel C, Guerra G. Dipolar guest orientation in polymer co-crystals and macroscopic films. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b904675p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
Fujisawa T, Terazima M, Kimura Y. Solvent Effects on the Local Structure of p-Nitroaniline in Supercritical Water and Supercritical Alcohols. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:5515-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp710530m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomotsumi Fujisawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan, and Division of Research Initiatives, International Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahide Terazima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan, and Division of Research Initiatives, International Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan, and Division of Research Initiatives, International Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dreyer J, Kozich V, Werncke W. Tuning intramolecular anharmonic vibrational coupling in 4-nitroaniline by solvent-solute interaction. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:234505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2806804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
31
|
|
32
|
Le Ru EC, Etchegoin PG. Vibrational pumping and heating under SERS conditions: fact or myth? Faraday Discuss 2007; 132:63-75; discussion 85-94. [PMID: 16833108 DOI: 10.1039/b505343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We address in this paper the long debated issue of the possibility of vibrational pumping under Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) conditions, both theoretically and experimentally. We revisit with simple theoretical models the mechanisms of vibrational pumping and its relation to heating. This presentation provides a clear classification of the various regimes of heating/pumping, from simple global laser heating to selective pumping of a single vibrational mode. We also propose the possibility of extreme pumping driven by stimulated phonon emission, and we introduce and apply a new experimental technique to study these effects in SERS. Our method relies on correlations between Raman peak parameters, and cross-correlation for two Raman peaks. We find strong evidence for local and dynamical heating, but no convincing evidence for selective pumping under our specific experimental SERS conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E C Le Ru
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shoute LCT, Helburn R, Kelley AM. Solvent Effects on the Resonance Raman and Hyper-Raman Spectra and First Hyperpolarizability of N,N-Dipropyl-p-nitroaniline. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:1251-8. [PMID: 17256826 DOI: 10.1021/jp066599s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Linear absorption spectra, resonance Raman spectra and excitation profiles, and two-photon-resonant hyper-Rayleigh and hyper-Raman scattering hyperpolarizability profiles are reported for the push-pull chromophore N,N-dipropyl-p-nitroaniline in seven solvents spanning a wide range of polarities. The absorption spectral maximum red shifts by about 2700 cm(-1), and the symmetric -NO2 stretch shifts to lower frequencies by about 11 cm(-1) from hexane to acetonitrile, indicative of significant solvent effects on both the ground and excited electronic states. The intensity patterns in the resonance Raman and hyper-Raman spectra are similar and show only a small solvent dependence except in acetonitrile, where both the Raman and hyper-Raman intensities are considerably reduced. Quantitative modeling of all four spectroscopic observables in all seven solvents reveals that the origin of this effect is an increased solvent-induced homogeneous broadening in acetonitrile. The linear absorption oscillator strength is nearly solvent-independent, and the peak resonant hyperpolarizability, beta(-2omega;omega,omega), varies by only about 15% across the wide range of solvents examined. These results suggest that the resonant two-photon absorption cross sections in this chromophore should exhibit only a weak solvent dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian C T Shoute
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, P.O. Box 2039, Merced, California 95344, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kimura Y, Fukuda M, Kajimoto O, Terazima M. Study on the vibrational energy relaxation of p-nitroaniline, N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline, and azulene by the transient grating method. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:194516. [PMID: 17129132 DOI: 10.1063/1.2387170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vibrational energy dissipation processes of the electronic ground states of p-nitroaniline and N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline have been studied by transient grating spectroscopy with subpicosecond laser pulses. The rise time of the acoustic signal produced by the energy dissipation process of the hot ground state molecule was monitored. The acoustic signal was analyzed by an equation including the acoustic damping. The solvent temperature rise times in various solvents have been determined. The acoustic signals of azulene in previous papers [Y. Kimura et al., J. Chem. Phys. 123, 054512 (2005); 123, 054513 (2005)] were also reanalyzed using this equation. The temperature rise times in all cases are longer than the vibrational energy relaxation times of the solutes determined by the transient absorption measurements. The difference is discussed in terms of the energy transfer pathways from the solute to the solvent. We concluded that both the hydrogen bonding between the solute and the solvent and the lower frequency modes of the solutes play important roles in determining the energy transfer pathway from the solute to the solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kimura
- Division of Research Initiatives, International Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fujisawa T, Terazima M, Kimura Y, Maroncelli M. Resonance Raman study of the solvation of p-nitroaniline in supercritical water. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
36
|
Challa JR, Gunaratne TC, Simpson MC. State Preparation and Excited Electronic and Vibrational Behavior in Hemes. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:19956-65. [PMID: 17020382 DOI: 10.1021/jp063543p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The temporally overlapping, ultrafast electronic and vibrational dynamics of a model five-coordinate, high-spin heme in a nominally isotropic solvent environment has been studied for the first time with three complementary ultrafast techniques: transient absorption, time-resolved resonance Raman Stokes, and time-resolved resonance Raman anti-Stokes spectroscopies. Vibrational dynamics associated with an evolving ground-state species dominate the observations. Excitation into the blue side of the Soret band led to very rapid S2 --> S1 decay (sub-100 fs), followed by somewhat slower (800 fs) S1 --> S0 nonradiative decay. The initial vibrationally excited, non-Boltzmann S0 state was modeled as shifted to lower energy by 300 cm(-1) and broadened by 20%. On a approximately 10 ps time scale, the S0 state evolved into its room-temperature, thermal distribution S0 profile largely through VER. Anti-Stokes signals disappear very rapidly, indicating that the vibrational energy redistributes internally in about 1-3 ps from the initial accepting modes associated with S1 --> S0 internal conversion to the rest of the macrocycle. Comparisons of anti-Stokes mode intensities and lifetimes from TRARRS studies in which the initial excited state was prepared by ligand photolysis [Mizutani, T.; Kitagawa, T. Science 1997, 278, 443, and Chem. Rec. 2001, 1, 258] suggest that, while transient absorption studies appear to be relatively insensitive to initial preparation of the electronic excited state, the subsequent vibrational dynamics are not. Direct, time-resolved evaluation of vibrational lifetimes provides insight into fast internal conversion in hemes and the pathways of subsequent vibrational energy flow in the ground state. The overall similarity of the model heme electronic dynamics to those of biological systems may be a sign that the protein's influence upon the dynamics of the heme active site is rather subtle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Reddy Challa
- Center for Chemical Dynamics, Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fujisawa T, Terazima M, Kimura Y. Excitation wavelength dependence of the Raman-Stokes shift of N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:184503. [PMID: 16709122 DOI: 10.1063/1.2194550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectra of N,N-dimethly-p-nitroaniline have been measured in various solvents. The Raman-Stokes shift of the band assigned to the NO2 stretching mode excited at 488 nm was found to be linearly dependent on the pi-pi* absorption band center. Furthermore, it is found that the Raman-Stokes shift of the NO2 stretching mode is dependent upon the excitation wavelength. The extent of the shift when excited at 355 versus 488 nm is almost linearly dependent on the vibrational bandwidth of the NO2 mode. The phenomenon is interpreted as the result of the solvation state selective excitation of the vibrational mode as in the case of phenol blue [Yamaguchi et al., J. Chem. Phys. 109, 9075 (1998); 109, 9084 (1998)].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Fujisawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shigeto S, Hiramatsu H, Hamaguchi HO. Structure and Dipole Moments of the Two Distinct Solvated Forms of p-Nitroaniline in Acetonitrile/CCl4 As Studied by Infrared Electroabsorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:3738-43. [PMID: 16526657 DOI: 10.1021/jp055082y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Structure and dipole moments of the two distinct solvated forms of p-nitroaniline (pNA) in acetonitrile/CCl4 have been studied by infrared electroabsorption spectroscopy. We measured a series of infrared electroabsorption spectra of pNA dissolved in an acetonitrile/CCl4 mixed solvent by altering the angle chi between the external electric field and the electric field vector of the incident infrared light. A singular value decomposition analysis has revealed that the observed infrared electroabsorption spectra are decomposed into two major components: the chi-dependent and chi-independent components. The decomposed spectral components as well as the infrared absorption spectrum are well explained in terms of two distinct solvated forms of pNA that exist in equilibrium in the mixed solvent. These solvated forms can be assigned to the 1:1 and 1:2 species, which have one and two acetonitrile molecule(s), respectively, associated with pNA. From a least-squares fitting analysis of the chi-dependent spectral component, it is shown that, for both the 1:1 and 1:2 species, a head-to-tail structure accounts well for the experimental results. On the other hand, the chi-independent component is likely to arise from the population change between the two solvated forms. This electric-field-induced population change of solvated forms may lead to the control of dielectric environments in solution by an external electric field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Shigeto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gunaratne TC, Milliken M, Challa JR, Simpson MC. Tunable ultrafast infrared/visible laser to probe vibrational dynamics. APPLIED OPTICS 2006; 45:558-64. [PMID: 16463742 DOI: 10.1364/ao.45.000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A tunable, ultrafast (approximately 100 fs-approximately 1 ps) laser system generating mid-IR (3-10 microm) and UV/visible (392-417 nm, 785-835 nm) radiation is described and its output characterized. The system is designed to explore vibrational dynamics in the condensed phase in a direct, two-pulse, time-resolved manner, using Raman spectroscopy as the probe. To produce vibrational resolution, probe pulses are spectrally narrowed by use of a long doubling crystal. Frequency-resolved optical gating is used to evaluate beam characteristics. An effective method for determining the temporal overlap of the pump and probe pulses for a one-color, 400 nm configuration is illustrated. Representative results from studies of heme and paranitroaniline vibrational dynamics illustrate the effectiveness of the visible pump-visible probe portion of the system in illuminating fast structure and energy dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tissa C Gunaratne
- Center for Chemical Dynamics, Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Reis H, Grzybowski A, Papadopoulos MG. Computer Simulation of the Linear and Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilities of p-Nitroaniline in Cyclohexane, 1,4-Dioxane, and Tetrahydrofuran in Quadrupolar Approximation. I. Molecular Polarizabilities and Hyperpolarizabilities. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:10106-20. [PMID: 16838931 DOI: 10.1021/jp052875b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This is the first part of a study of the local field effects on (non)linear optical susceptibilities of solutions of para-nitroaniline (pNA) in three different solvents, cyclohexane (CH), 1,4-dioxane (DI), and tetrahydrofuran (THF), using a discrete molecular representation of the condensed phase. To account for dipolar and quadrupolar effects, the latter of which are especially important for DI solution, all the electric properties necessary to compute the local fields and local field gradients in quadrupolar approximation as well as the dipolar hyperpolarizabilities for the four molecules are computed, including frequency dispersion and vibrational contributions to the dipolar properties. The convergence of the perturbation treatment for the pure vibrational (PV) contributions is examined by comparison of the values obtained at the lowest order with those of partially computed second order in mechanical and electrical anharmonicity. For pNA, for which previous computations of the hyperpolarizabilities have generally found poor agreement with experimental results, a thorough investigation of the effects of solvent-induced geometry changes, dynamic and static correlation, frequency dispersion, and classical thermal averaging over the torsional modes of the substituent groups and the inversion mode of the amino group on the dipolar properties is carried out. Computations using self-consistent continuum reaction field models show that the amino group is substantially less pyramidalized in polar solvents than in the gas phase. With all the effects taken into account, reasonable agreement with the experimental electric-field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) result on pNA vapor of Kaatz, Donley, and Shelton is obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Reis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vasileos Constantinou 48, GR-11635 Athens, Greece.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gunaratne T, Challa JR, Simpson MC. Energy Flow in Push-Pull Chromophores: Vibrational Dynamics inpara-Nitroaniline. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:1157-63. [PMID: 15883968 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200400288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
para-Nitroaniline (PNA) plays an essential role as the prototype model of push-pull chromophores. The nature and degree of participation of vibrational degrees of freedom in the charge-transfer and internal-conversion processes are current issues of great theoretical and practical importance. Ultrafast time-resolved anti-Stokes resonance Raman spectroscopy (TRARRS) experiments on PNA in dimethyl sulfoxide with three different excitation wavelengths were performed to probe these dynamical influences. The vibrational dynamics associated with S0 were independent of incident wavelength, and this supports the picture that the S1 dynamics are fast relative to the rate of intersystem crossing. The phenyl breathing mode nu(19) (860 cm(-1)) and the symmetric NO2 stretch nu(29) (1310 cm(-1)) exhibited vibrational lifetimes in S0 of 8.1 and 5.2 ps, respectively. No evidence for inhomogeneous broadening of the charge-transfer band in the UV/Vis absorption spectrum was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tissa Gunaratne
- Center for Chemical Dynamics, Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Population dynamics of vibrational modes in stilbene-3 upon photoexcitation to the first excited state. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.03.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
43
|
Nibbering ETJ, Fidder H, Pines E. ULTRAFAST CHEMISTRY: Using Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy for Interrogation of Structural Dynamics. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2005; 56:337-67. [PMID: 15796704 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.56.092503.141314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy elucidates molecular structure evolution during ultrafast chemical reactions. Following vibrational marker modes in real time provides direct insight into the structural dynamics, as is evidenced in studies on intramolecular hydrogen transfer, bimolecular proton transfer, electron transfer, hydrogen bonding during solvation dynamics, bond fission in organometallic compounds and heme proteins, cis-trans isomerization in retinal proteins, and transformations in photochromic switch pairs. Femtosecond IR spectroscopy monitors the site-specific interactions in hydrogen bonds. Conversion between excited electronic states can be followed for intramolecular electron transfer by inspection of the fingerprint IR- or Raman-active vibrations in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. Excess internal vibrational energy, generated either by optical excitation or by internal conversion from the electronic excited state to the ground state, is observable through transient frequency shifts of IR-active vibrations and through nonequilibrium populations as deduced by Raman resonances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik T J Nibbering
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Influence of vibrational cooling on the time-dependence of stokes and anti-stokes resonance raman scattering. J Mol Struct 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2004.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
45
|
Vibrational excitation after ultrafast intramolecular proton transfer of TINUVIN: a time-resolved resonance Raman study. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
46
|
Rini M, Pines D, Magnes BZ, Pines E, Nibbering ETJ. Bimodal proton transfer in acid-base reactions in water. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:9593-610. [PMID: 15538881 DOI: 10.1063/1.1804172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate one of the fundamental reactions in solutions, the neutralization of an acid by a base. We use a photoacid, 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-trisulfonate-pyrene (HPTS; pyranine), which upon photoexcitation reacts with acetate under transfer of a deuteron (solvent: deuterated water). We analyze in detail the resulting bimodal reaction dynamics between the photoacid and the base, the first report on which was recently published. We have ascribed the bimodal proton-transfer dynamics to contributions from preformed hydrogen bonding complexes and from initially uncomplexed acid and base. We report on the observation of an additional (6 ps)(-1) contribution to the reaction rate constant. As before, we analyze the slower part of the reaction within the framework of the diffusion model and the fastest part by a static, sub-150 fs reaction rate. Adding the second static term considerably improves the overall modeling of the experimental results. It also allows to connect experimentally the diffusion controlled bimolecular reaction models as defined by Eigen-Weller and by Collins-Kimball. Our findings are in agreement with a three-stage mechanism for liquid phase intermolecular proton transfer: mutual diffusion of acid and base to form a "loose" encounter complex, followed by reorganization of the solvent shells and by "tightening" of the acid-base encounter complex. These rearrangements last a few picoseconds and enable a prompt proton transfer along the reaction coordinate, which occurs faster than our time resolution of 150 fs. Alternative models for the explanation of the slower "on-contact" reaction time of the loose encounter complex in terms of proton transmission through a von Grotthuss mechanism are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Rini
- Max Born Institut fuer Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max Born Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Graham PB, Matus KJM, Stratt RM. The workings of a molecular thermometer: The vibrational excitation of carbon tetrachloride by a solvent. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:5348-55. [PMID: 15352828 DOI: 10.1063/1.1784441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An intriguing energy-transfer experiment was recently carried out in methanol/carbon tetrachloride solutions. It turned out to be possible to watch vibrational energy accumulating in three of carbon tetrachloride's modes following initial excitation of O-H and C-H stretches in methanol, in effect making those CCl(4) modes "molecular thermometers" reporting on methanol's relaxation. In this paper, we use the example of a CCl(4) molecule dissolved in liquid argon to examine, on a microscopic level, just how this kind of thermal activation occurs in liquid solutions. The fact that even the lowest CCl(4) mode has a relatively high frequency compared to the intermolecular vibrational band of the solvent means that the only solute-solvent dynamics relevant to the vibrational energy transfer will be extraordinarily local, so much so that it is only the force between the instantaneously most prominent Cl and solvent atoms that will significantly contribute to the vibrational friction. We use this observation, within the context of a classical instantaneous-pair Landau-Teller calculation, to show that energy flows into CCl(4) primarily via one component of the nominally degenerate, lowest frequency, E mode and does so fast enough to make CCl(4) an excellent choice for monitoring methanol relaxation. Remarkably, within this theory, the different symmetries and appearances of the different CCl(4) modes have little bearing on how well they take up energy from their surroundings--it is only how high their vibrational frequencies are relative to the solvent intermolecular vibrational band edge that substantially favors one mode over another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polly B Graham
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schrader T, Sieg A, Koller F, Schreier W, An Q, Zinth W, Gilch P. Vibrational relaxation following ultrafast internal conversion: comparing IR and Raman probing. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
49
|
Kozich V, Werncke W, Vodchits AI, Dreyer J. Ultrafast excitation of out-of-plane vibrations and vibrational energy redistribution after internal conversion of 4-nitroaniline. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1530583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|