1
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Diaz-Andres A, Tonnelé C, Casanova D. Electronic Couplings for Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Crystal Rubrene. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4288-4297. [PMID: 38743825 PMCID: PMC11137828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC) is a process able to repackage two low-frequency photons into light of higher energy. This transformation is typically orchestrated by the electronic degrees of freedom within organic compounds possessing suitable singlet and triplet energies and electronic couplings. In this work, we propose a computational protocol for the assessment of electronic couplings crucial to TTA-UC in molecular materials and apply it to the study of crystal rubrene. Our methodology integrates sophisticated yet computationally affordable approaches to quantify couplings in singlet and triplet energy transfer, the binding of triplet pairs, and the fusion to the singlet exciton. Of particular significance is the role played by charge-transfer states along the b-axis of rubrene crystal, acting as both partial quenchers of singlet energy transfer and mediators of triplet fusion. Our calculations identify the π-stacking direction as holding notable triplet energy transfer couplings, consistent with the experimentally observed anisotropic exciton diffusion. Finally, we have characterized the impact of thermally induced structural distortions, revealing their key role in the viability of triplet fusion and singlet fission. We posit that our approaches are transferable to a broad spectrum of organic molecular materials, offering a feasible means to quantify electronic couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Diaz-Andres
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia 20018, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Claire Tonnelé
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia 20018, Euskadi, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Euskadi, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia 20018, Euskadi, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Euskadi, Spain
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2
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Murayama N, Jorolan JH, Minoura M, Nakano H, Ikoma T, Matano Y. 9‐(Diphenylphosphoryl)‐10‐(phenylethynyl)anthracene Derivatives: Synthesis and Implications for the Substituent and Solvent Effects on the Light‐Emitting Properties. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Murayama
- Niigata University Faculty of Science: Niigata Daigaku Rigakubu Department of Fundamental Sciences Nishi-ku 950-2181 Niigata JAPAN
| | - Joel Hao Jorolan
- Niigata University Faculty of Science: Niigata Daigaku Rigakubu Department of Chemistry Nishi-ku 950-2181 Niigata JAPAN
| | - Mao Minoura
- Rikkyo University College of Science: Rikkyo Daigaku Rigakubu Daigakuin Rigaku Kekyuka Department of Chemistry Toshima-ku 171-8501 Tokyo JAPAN
| | - Haruyuki Nakano
- Kyushu University Faculty of Sciences Graduate School of Sciences: Kyushu Daigaku Rigaku Kenkyuin Rigakufu Rigakubu Department of Chemistry Nishi-ku 819-0395 Fukuoka JAPAN
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Niigata University Faculty of Science: Niigata Daigaku Rigakubu Department of Chemistry Nishi-ku 950-2181 Niigata JAPAN
| | - Yoshihiro Matano
- Niigata University Department of Chemistry Nishi-ku 950-2181 Niigata JAPAN
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3
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Alipour M, Safari Z. Singlet fission relevant energetics from optimally tuned range-separated hybrids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27060-27076. [PMID: 33215617 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03951a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a promising idea to design high-efficiency organic photovoltaics, singlet fission (SF) mechanism, i.e., generating two triplet excitons out of a single photon absorption, has recently come into the spotlight. Even though much effort has been devoted to this arena, accurately accounting for the SF process from the theoretical perspective has proven to be challenging. Herein, the SF energetics have thoroughly been investigated with the help of optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functionals (OT-RSHs) in both gas and solvent phases. Taking a series of experimentally known SF chromophores as working models, we have proposed and validated several variants of OT-RSH approximations for the reliable prediction of the energy levels which match the crucial criteria for the SF process, namely, the negative singlet-triplet and triplet-triplet energy gaps. We scrutinize the role of the OT-RSH ingredients, i.e., the underlying density functional approximations, short- and long-range exact-like exchange, as well as the range-separation parameter, for our purpose. The newly designed OT-RSHs outperform the standard RSHs and other related schemes such as screened-exchange approximations as well as other density functionals from different rungs for describing the SF energetics. More importantly, it is unveiled that although the OT-RSH coupled with the polarizable continuum model, OT-RSH-PCM, as well as the screened versions, OT-SRSHs, which account for the screening effect by the electron correlation through the scalar dielectric constant have some advantages over gas-phase computations using OT-RSHs, the energetics criteria of the SF process may not necessarily be satisfied. This in turn corroborates the idea of performing both the optimal tuning procedure and subsequent computations of the SF relevant energetics using OT-RSHs as a more reliable and affordable framework, at least for the present purpose. The applicability of the proposed models is also put into broader perspective, where they are used for the computational design of several chromophores as promising candidates prone to utilization in the SF-based materials. Hopefully, our recommended OT-RSHs can function as efficient models for both the theoretical modeling of SF chromophores and confirming the experimental observations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Alipour
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-84795, Iran.
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4
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Hu W, Sun K, Xu Q, Chen L, Zhao Y. Ultrafast dynamics in rubrene and its spectroscopic manifestation. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:174105. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0023887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wangjun Hu
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kewei Sun
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Quan Xu
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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5
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Rothe K, Mehler A, Néel N, Kröger J. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of rubrene on clean and graphene-covered metal surfaces. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:1157-1167. [PMID: 32821640 PMCID: PMC7418095 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rubrene (C42H28) was adsorbed with submonolayer coverage on Pt(111), Au(111), and graphene-covered Pt(111). Adsorption phases and vibronic properties of C42H28 consistently reflect the progressive reduction of the molecule-substrate hybridization. Separate C42H28 clusters are observed on Pt(111) as well as broad molecular resonances. On Au(111) and graphene-covered Pt(111) compact molecular islands with similar unit cells of the superstructure characterize the adsorption phase. The highest occupied molecular orbital of C42H28 on Au(111) exhibits weak vibronic progression while unoccupied molecular resonances appear with a broad line shape. In contrast, vibronic subbands are present for both frontier orbitals of C42H28 on graphene. They are due to different molecular vibrational quanta with distinct Huang-Rhys factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Rothe
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Alexander Mehler
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Nicolas Néel
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Jörg Kröger
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
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6
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Scholz R, Kleine P, Lygaitis R, Popp L, Lenk S, Etherington MK, Monkman AP, Reineke S. Investigation of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from a Donor-Acceptor Compound with Time-Resolved Fluorescence and Density Functional Theory Applying an Optimally Tuned Range-Separated Hybrid Functional. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1535-1553. [PMID: 32024366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Emitters showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in electroluminescent devices rely on efficient reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) arising from small thermal activation barriers between the lowest excited triplet and singlet manifolds. A small donor-acceptor compound consisting of a demethylacridine donor and a methylbenzoate acceptor group is used as a model TADF emitter. The spectroscopic signatures of this system are characterized using a combination of photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation, and the photoluminescence decay dynamics are recorded between delays of 2 ns and 20 ms. Above T = 200 K, our data provide convincing evidence for TADF at intermediate delays in the microsecond range, whereas triplet-triplet annihilation and slow triplet decay at later times can be observed over the entire temperature range from T = 80 K to room temperature. Moreover, close to room temperature, we find a second and faster up-conversion mechanism, tentatively assigned to reverse internal conversion between different triplet configurations. An interpretation of these experimental findings requires a calculation of the deformation patterns and potential minima of several electronic configurations. This task is performed with a range-separated hybrid functional, outperforming standard density functionals or global hybrids. In particular, the systematic underestimation of the energy of charge transfer (CT) states with respect to local excitations within the constituting chromophores is replaced by more reliable transition energies for both kinds of excitations. Hence, several absorption and emission features can be assigned unambiguously, and the observed activation barriers for rISC and reverse internal conversion correspond to calculated energy differences between the potential surfaces in different electronic configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Scholz
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden , P.O. Box 120 411, 01005 Dresden , Germany
| | - Paul Kleine
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Ramunas Lygaitis
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany.,Department of Organic Technology , Kaunas University of Technology , Radvilenu Plentas 19 , LT 3028 Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Ludwig Popp
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Simone Lenk
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Marc K Etherington
- Organic Electroactive Materials Research Group, Physics Department , Durham University , South Road , Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom.,Department of Mathematics, Physics & Electrical Engineering , Northumbria University , Ellison Place , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P Monkman
- Organic Electroactive Materials Research Group, Physics Department , Durham University , South Road , Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Reineke
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
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7
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Kirchhuebel T, Monti OLA, Munakata T, Kera S, Forker R, Fritz T. The role of initial and final states in molecular spectroscopies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12730-12747. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07318j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interpreting experimental spectra of thin films of organic semiconductors is challenging, and understanding the relationship between experimental data obtained by different spectroscopic techniques requires a careful consideration of the initial and final states for each process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Kirchhuebel
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Oliver L. A. Monti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Arizona
- Tucson
- USA
- Department of Physics
| | - Toshiaki Munakata
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka 560-0043
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Kera
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS)
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and SOKENDAI
- Okazaki 444-8585
- Japan
| | - Roman Forker
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Torsten Fritz
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
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8
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Lima CFRAC, Costa JCS, Lima LMSS, Melo A, Silva AMS, Santos LMNBF. Energetic and Structural Insights into the Molecular and Supramolecular Properties of Rubrene. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F. R. A. C. Lima
- CIQ, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA; University of Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
| | - José C. S. Costa
- CIQ, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- LEPABE; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Luís M. Spencer S. Lima
- CIQ, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - André Melo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA; University of Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
| | - Luís M. N. B. F. Santos
- CIQ, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
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9
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Hu Z, Zhou B, Sun Z, Sun H. Prediction of excited-state properties of oligoacene crystals using polarizable continuum model-tuned range-separated hybrid functional approach. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:569-575. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhubin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University; Taiyuan Shanxi 030006 People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University; Taiyuan Shanxi 030006 People's Republic of China
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10
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Lin KY, Wang YJ, Chen KL, Ho CY, Yang CC, Shen JL, Chiu KC. Role of molecular conformations in rubrene polycrystalline films growth from vacuum deposition at various substrate temperatures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40824. [PMID: 28091620 PMCID: PMC5238508 DOI: 10.1038/srep40824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the optical and structural characterization of rubrene polycrystalline films fabricated from vacuum deposition with various substrate temperatures (Tsub). Depending on Tsub, the role of twisted and planar rubrene conformational isomers on the properties of rubrene films is focused. The temperature (T)-dependent inverse optical transmission (IOT) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were performed on these rubrene films. The origins of these IOT and PL peaks are explained in terms of the features from twisted and planar rubrene molecules and of the band characteristics from rubrene molecular solid films. Here, two rarely reported weak-peaks at 2.431 and 2.605 eV were observed from IOT spectra, which are associated with planar rubrene. Besides, the T-dependence of optical bandgap deduced from IOT spectra is discussed with respect to Tsub. Together with IOT and PL spectra, for Tsub > 170 °C, the changes in surface morphology and unit cell volume were observed for the first time, and are attributed to the isomeric transformation from twisted to planar rubrenes during the deposition processes. Furthermore, a unified schematic diagram in terms of Frenkel exciton recombination is suggested to explain the origins of the dominant PL peaks performed on these rubrene films at 15 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ku-Yen Lin
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Lun Chen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Ho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuen Yang
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Lin Shen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
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11
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Ueba T, Yamada T, Munakata T. Electronic excitation and relaxation dynamics of the LUMO-derived level in rubrene thin films on graphite. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:214703. [PMID: 28799400 DOI: 10.1063/1.4968847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ueba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Munakata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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12
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Chen L, Lu J, Long G, Zheng F, Zhang J, Zhao Y. Optical and transport properties of single crystal rubrene: A theoretical study. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Organic (opto)electronic materials have received considerable attention due to their applications in thin-film-transistors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, sensors, photorefractive devices, and many others. The technological promises include low cost of these materials and the possibility of their room-temperature deposition from solution on large-area and/or flexible substrates. The article reviews the current understanding of the physical mechanisms that determine the (opto)electronic properties of high-performance organic materials. The focus of the review is on photoinduced processes and on electronic properties important for optoelectronic applications relying on charge carrier photogeneration. Additionally, it highlights the capabilities of various experimental techniques for characterization of these materials, summarizes top-of-the-line device performance, and outlines recent trends in the further development of the field. The properties of materials based both on small molecules and on conjugated polymers are considered, and their applications in organic solar cells, photodetectors, and photorefractive devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Ostroverkhova
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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14
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Iimori T, Ito R, Ohta N, Nakano H. Stark Spectroscopy of Rubrene. I. Electroabsorption Spectroscopy and Molecular Parameters. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:4307-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Iimori
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran 050-8585, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ito
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran 050-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ohta
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hideyuki Nakano
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran 050-8585, Japan
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15
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Sutton C, Marshall MS, Sherrill CD, Risko C, Brédas JL. Rubrene: The Interplay between Intramolecular and Intermolecular Interactions Determines the Planarization of Its Tetracene Core in the Solid State. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8775-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sutton
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Michael S. Marshall
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - C. David Sherrill
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Chad Risko
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Solar
and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Physical Science and
Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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16
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Anger F, Scholz R, Gerlach A, Schreiber F. Vibrational modes and changing molecular conformation of perfluororubrene in thin films and solution. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:224703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4922052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Anger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - R. Scholz
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Gerlach
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - F. Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Khan JI, Abbas AS, Aly SM, Usman A, Melnikov VA, Alarousu E, Mohammed OF. Photoinduced energy and electron transfer in rubrene–benzoquinone and rubrene–porphyrin systems. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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O’Malley SM, Amin M, Borchert J, Jimenez R, Steiner M, Fitz-Gerald JM, Bubb DM. Formation of rubrene nanocrystals by laser ablation in liquids utilizing MAPLE deposited thin films. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Ma L, Galstyan G, Zhang K, Kloc C, Sun H, Soci C, Michel-Beyerle ME, Gurzadyan GG. Two-photon-induced singlet fission in rubrene single crystal. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:184508. [PMID: 23676057 DOI: 10.1063/1.4804398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-photon-induced singlet fission was observed in rubrene single crystal and studied by use of femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. The location of two-photon excited states was obtained from the nondegenerate two-photon absorption (TPA) spectrum. Time evolution of the two-photon-induced transient absorption spectra reveals the direct singlet fission from the two-photon excited states. The TPA absorption coefficient of rubrene single crystal is 52 cm∕GW at 740 nm, as obtained from Z-scan measurements. Quantum chemical calculations based on time-dependent density functional theory support our experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Duhm S, Xin Q, Hosoumi S, Fukagawa H, Sato K, Ueno N, Kera S. Charge reorganization energy and small polaron binding energy of rubrene thin films by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:901-905. [PMID: 22403829 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201103262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The hole–phonon coupling of a rubrene monolayer on graphite is measured by means of angle resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Thus, the charge reorganization energy λ and the small polaron binding energy is determined, which allows insight into the nature of charge transport in condensed rubrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Duhm
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.
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Zaglmayr H, Sun L, Weidlinger G, Al-Baqi SA, Sitter H, Zeppenfeld P. Initial stage of crystalline rubrene thin film growth on mica (0 0 1). SYNTHETIC METALS 2011; 161:271-274. [PMID: 21552477 PMCID: PMC3087472 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2010.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the morphology and the spatially resolved photoluminescence of rubrene thin films at the early stage of crystallization. The initial growth proceeds via the formation of a wetting layer and the nucleation of islands with an amorphous structure. Crystallization starts when the amorphous islands coalesce and needle like crystalline fibers are formed in the gap between islands. The crystalline fibers then grow on top and in between the original amorphous islands leading to an "open network" of islands. The latter acts as the basis for the growth of semi-crystalline spherulites.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Zaglmayr
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - L.D. Sun
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - G. Weidlinger
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Sh.M. Abd Al-Baqi
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - H. Sitter
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - P. Zeppenfeld
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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