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Kulandaivel S, Yang CC, Yeh YC, Lin CH. Defect Induced Structural Transition and Lipase Immobilizatoin in Mesoporous Aluminum Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2024:e202400603. [PMID: 38613137 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The disorder to order and structural transformation are unique metal-organic framework (MOF) characters. How to adapt or control both behaviors in MOF is rarely studied. In this case, we demonstrate that our successful synthesis of [Al(OH)(PDA)]n (AlPDA-53-DEF, AlPDA-53-H, and AlPDA-68) with H2PDA = 4,4'-[1,4-phenylenebis(ethyne-2,1-diyl)]-di benzoic acid has illuminated the intricate world of Aluminum Metal-Organic Frameworks (Al-MOFs), offering profound insights into defect structures to order and transformations. AlPDA-53-DEF, in particular, revealed a fascinating interplay of various pore sizes within both micro and mesoporous regions, unveiling a unique lattice rearrangement phenomenon upon solvent desorption. Defects and disorders emerged as key orchestrators of transforming AlPDA-53-DEF, with its initially imperfect crystallinity, into the highly crystalline, hierarchically porous AlPDA-53-H.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Chia-Her Lin
- National Taiwan Normal University Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Department, No. 88, Tingzhou Rd., 116, Taipei, TAIWAN
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Shen X, Ouyang N, Huang Y, Tung YH, Yang CC, Faizan M, Perez N, He R, Sotnikov A, Willa K, Wang C, Chen Y, Guilmeau E. Amorphous-Like Ultralow Thermal Transport in Crystalline Argyrodite Cu 7PS 6. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2400258. [PMID: 38526197 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Due to their amorphous-like ultralow lattice thermal conductivity both below and above the superionic phase transition, crystalline Cu- and Ag-based superionic argyrodites have garnered widespread attention as promising thermoelectric materials. However, despite their intriguing properties, quantifying their lattice thermal conductivities and a comprehensive understanding of the microscopic dynamics that drive these extraordinary properties are still lacking. Here, an integrated experimental and theoretical approach is adopted to reveal the presence of Cu-dominated low-energy optical phonons in the Cu-based argyrodite Cu7PS6. These phonons yield strong acoustic-optical phonon scattering through avoided crossing, enabling ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. The Unified Theory of thermal transport is employed to analyze heat conduction and successfully reproduce the experimental amorphous-like ultralow lattice thermal conductivities, ranging from 0.43 to 0.58 W m-1 K-1, in the temperature range of 100-400 K. The study reveals that the amorphous-like ultralow thermal conductivity of Cu7PS6 stems from a significantly dominant wave-like conduction mechanism. Moreover, the simulations elucidate the wave-like thermal transport mainly results from the contribution of Cu-associated low-energy overlapping optical phonons. This study highlights the crucial role of low-energy and overlapping optical modes in facilitating amorphous-like ultralow thermal transport, providing a thorough understanding of the underlying complex dynamics of argyrodites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Shen
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- CRISMAT, CNRS, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, Normandie Univ, Caen, 14000, France
| | - Niuchang Ouyang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yung-Hsiang Tung
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS at Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, D-85747, Garching, Germany
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan, 320317, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuen Yang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan, 320317, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Faizan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Nicolas Perez
- Institute for Metallic Materials, IFW-Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ran He
- Institute for Metallic Materials, IFW-Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrei Sotnikov
- Institute for Solid State Research, Leibniz IFW-Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Willa
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Emmanuel Guilmeau
- CRISMAT, CNRS, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, Normandie Univ, Caen, 14000, France
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He R, Mobit P, Yang CC. Radiobiological Insights of Staged Brachytherapy Using Eye Plaque for Large Uveal Melanoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e671-e672. [PMID: 37785982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) I-125 radioactive seeds embedded in an eye plaque is used to deliver the radiation dose of 85Gy to the apex of the tumor. However, it is challenging to treat a lesion in height (>10 mm) because of a high dose (> 500 Gy) to sclera. A staged radiotherapy (SRT) has been implemented successfully in stereotactic radiosurgery when a single dose is risky for a bigger sized lesion. The hypothesis of this work is that the SRT works for eye plaque brachytherapy of uveal melanoma to break the single fraction into two. To apply the concept of SRT, the following questions need to be answered: What are the two fraction doses? What is the time interval between the two fractions? In this work, the two split fraction doses and time interval are calculated using the "incomplete-repair' model. MATERIALS/METHODS Equation (1) is the linear-quadratic (LQ) model. f(x) is the cell survival curve (SC). Equation (2) and (3) are radiobiological model developed dealing with the split doses by considering the incomplete repair. Ln(f(x)) = -αx - βx2 (1) Ln(fn(x, Ɵ)) = nLn(f(x))-nβx2hn(Ɵ) (2) hn(Ɵ) = (2/n)[ Ɵ/(1- Ɵ)][n-(1- Ɵn)/(1- Ɵ)] (3) Ɵ = exp(-µΔt) (4) x represents the fraction dose, Ɵx is the initial segment of the survival curve, Ɵ determines the rate at which repair proceeds. n is fraction number and µ represent repair constant which equals to ln2/T1/2. T1/2 is the half-life of I-125. For continuous dose vt delivered at dose rate v for time t, with repair constant µ, the LQ model is modified as Ln (f(vt, µ)) = -α(vt) -β(vt)2g(µt) (5) g(µt) = 2[µt-1+exp(-µt)]/(µt)2 (6) Assuming biological effective dose (BED) is the same for the single fraction and split two fractions, SC when n = 1 should be same as when n = 2. Therefore, the equation (7) is derived. Ɵ = [(α/β)x1 - 2(α/β)(x2)2 + (x1)2]/2(x2)2 - 1 (7) x1 is single fraction dose of 85Gy, x2 is the split dose to two fractions. α/β ratio of 10 Gy is used. By fitting the equation (7), the ranges of doses and time intervals were determined. RESULTS The fraction doses and time interval to get the same BED as single fraction of 85 Gy are determined from 45 Gy to 50 Gy with time interval of 22 days to 76 days for staged brachytherapy eye plaque (SBEP). Our result is matched the treatment protocol for SBEP reported, e.g., 1st fraction dose of 40Gy and 50 Gy of 2nd fraction with 73 days of time interval are used. The max. dose of scleral dose is 328 Gy compared to the single fraction scleral dose of 543Gy. CONCLUSION This work could provide guidelines in SBEP in dosage and time interval. The height of tumor matters the most in the SBEP since the taller the tumor, the higher dose to the sclera is. Reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- R He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - P Mobit
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - C C Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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Tsai CJ, Ho HW, Yang CC. Difference in Radiotherapeutic Plan of HyperArc-Based and CyberKnife-Based Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT) Techniques for Multiple Brain Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e728-e729. [PMID: 37786119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The purpose of this study is to compare the dosimetric quality and dose to surrounding normal tissue of HyperArc-based stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) technique with a frameless robotic radiosurgery system for patients with multiple brain metastases. MATERIALS/METHODS Nineteen patients with multiple brain metastases (2-5 lesions) treated in our center were enrolled. The prescribed dose was 2100 cGy to 3250 cGy in three to five fractions. In order to determine the dosimetric quality, we compared the conformity index (CI), Gradient radius (GR), homogeneity index (HI), dose distribution in planning target volume, and dose to several organs at risk (OARs). All of the data were compared using pair-T test. RESULTS Both planning systems have prescribed dose coverage to GTV and PTV with no significant difference (P = 0.243; P = 0.312). The conformity index (CI), and homogeneity index (HI) were 1.27 ±0.022, and 1.08 ±0.006, respectively, for HyperArc plan and 1.76 ±0.065 and 1.22 ±0.009, respectively, for the CK plan (both, P< 0.001). The Gradient radius (GR) was 0.732 ±0.056 cm for HyperArc plan and 0.847 ±0.762 cm for CK plan (P = 0.002). These indicated that HyperArc plan had better CI, HI, and GR when compared to CK plan. Maximum dose to brainstem for HyperArc and CK plans were 485.1 ±128.65 and 723.6 ±126.93 cGy, respectively (P < 0.001). Moreover, HyperArc plan had less mean dose to optic chiasm, bilateral eyes, bilateral lens, and bilateral optic nerves (all, P < 0.05). Brain V5, V12, V24 were all much smaller in HyperArc plan (all, P < 0.05), indicating that HyperArc plan delivered less dose to normal brain tissue. CONCLUSION For patients with two to five brain metastases, HyperArc-based SRT provide excellent dosimetric quality and less dose to normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan Taiwan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - H W Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan Taiwan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - C C Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan Taiwan, Tainan, Taiwan
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Shen X, Koza MM, Tung YH, Ouyang N, Yang CC, Wang C, Chen Y, Willa K, Heid R, Zhou X, Weber F. Soft Phonon Mode Triggering Fast Ag Diffusion in Superionic Argyrodite Ag 8 GeSe 6. Small 2023:e2305048. [PMID: 37594732 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The structural coexistence of dual rigid and mobile sublattices in superionic Argyrodites yields ultralow lattice thermal conductivity along with decent electrical and ionic conductivities and therefore attracts intense interest for batteries, fuel cells, and thermoelectric applications. However, a comprehensive understanding of their underlying lattice and diffusive dynamics in terms of the interplay between phonons and mobile ions is missing. Herein, inelastic neutron scattering is employed to unravel that phonon softening on heating to Tc ≈ 350 K triggers fast Ag diffusion in the canonical superionic Argyrodite Ag8 GeSe6 . Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reproduce the experimental neutron scattering signals and identify the partially ultrafast Ag diffusion with a large diffusion coefficient of 10-4 cm-2 s-1 . The study illustrates the microscopic interconnection between soft phonons and mobile ions and provides a paradigm for an intertwined interaction of the lattice and diffusive dynamics in superionic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Shen
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Sciences des Matériaux (CRISMAT), CNRS, ENSICAEN, Caen, 14000, France
| | - Michael Marek Koza
- Institute Laue Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, B.P. 156, Grenoble, Cedex 9, 38042, France
| | - Yung-Hsiang Tung
- Department of Physics, National Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS at Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Niuchang Ouyang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chun-Chuen Yang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, Chun Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kristin Willa
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rolf Heid
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Frank Weber
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Lai YC, Yang S, Feng HY, Lee YC, Li ZH, Wu SH, Lin YS, Hsieh HY, Chu CJ, Chen WC, Huang YY, Kuo Y, Yang CC. Surface plasmon coupling effects on the photon color conversion behaviors of colloidal quantum dots in a GaN nanoscale hole with a nearby quantum-well structure. Opt Express 2023; 31:16010-16024. [PMID: 37157689 DOI: 10.1364/oe.486434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To improve color conversion performance for color display application, we study the near-field-induced nanoscale-cavity effects on the emission efficiency and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) under the condition of surface plasmon (SP) coupling by inserting colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and synthesized Ag nanoparticles (NPs) into surface nano-holes fabricated on a GaN template and an InGaN/GaN quantum-well (QW) template. In the QW template, the inserted Ag NPs are close to either QWs or QDs for producing three-body SP coupling to enhance color conversion. Time-resolved and continuous-wave photoluminescence (PL) behaviors of the QW- and QD-emitting lights are investigated. The comparison between the nano-hole samples and the reference samples of surface QD/Ag NP shows that the nanoscale-cavity effect of the nano-hole leads to the enhancements of QD emission, FRET between QDs, and FRET from QW into QD. The SP coupling induced by the inserted Ag NPs can enhance the QD emission and FRET from QW into QD. Its result is further enhanced through the nanoscale-cavity effect. The relative continuous-wave PL intensities among different color components also show the similar behaviors. By introducing SP coupling to a color conversion device with the FRET process in a nanoscale cavity structure, we can significantly improve the color conversion efficiency. Simulation results confirm the basic observations in experiment.
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Chen CH, Kuo SY, Feng HY, Li ZH, Yang S, Wu SH, Hsieh HY, Lin YS, Lee YC, Chen WC, Wu PH, Chen JC, Huang YY, Lu YJ, Kuo Y, Lin CF, Yang CC. Photon color conversion enhancement of colloidal quantum dots inserted into a subsurface laterally-extended GaN nano-porous structure in an InGaN/GaN quantum-well template. Opt Express 2023; 31:6327-6341. [PMID: 36823892 DOI: 10.1364/oe.478250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To improve the color conversion performance, we study the nanoscale-cavity effects on the emission efficiency of a colloidal quantum dot (QD) and the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from quantum well (QW) into QD in a GaN porous structure (PS). For this study, we insert green-emitting QD (GQD) and red-emitting QD (RQD) into the fabricated PSs in a GaN template and a blue-emitting QW template, and investigate the behaviors of the photoluminescence (PL) decay times and the intensity ratios of blue, green, and red lights. In the PS samples fabricated on the GaN template, we observe the efficiency enhancements of QD emission and the FRET from GQD into RQD, when compared with the samples of surface QDs, which is attributed to the nanoscale-cavity effect. In the PS samples fabricated on the QW template, the FRET from QW into QD is also enhanced. The enhanced FRET and QD emission efficiencies in a PS result in an improved color conversion performance. Because of the anisotropic PS in the sample surface plane, the polarization dependencies of QD emission and FRET are observed.
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Lu S, Jiang X, Wang Y, Huang K, Gao N, Cai D, Zhou Y, Yang CC, Kang J, Zhang R. Enhancing deep-UV emission at 234 nm by introducing a truncated pyramid AlN/GaN nanostructure with fine-tuned multiple facets. Nanoscale 2022; 14:653-662. [PMID: 35018953 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06188g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The external quantum efficiency of a high-Al content (>0.6) AlGaN deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diode is typically below 1% in the sub-250 nm wavelength range. One of the main reasons for this low efficiency is the fundamental properties of high-Al content AlGaN comprising the transverse-magnetic (TM)-dominant emission and low light extraction due to the total internal reflection (TIR). This work demonstrates a truncated pyramid nanostructure with fine-tuned multiple facets in an (AlN)8/(GaN)2 digital alloy to achieve highly efficient DUV emission at 234 nm. By applying nanoimprint lithography, dry and wet etching, a hexagonal truncated pyramid nanohole structure is fabricated featuring multiple crystal facets of (0001), (10-13), and (20-21) planes. These fine-tuned multiple facets act as reflecting mirrors that can effectively modulate the light propagation and extraction patterns to overcome the TIR via multiple reflections and enhanced scattering. Consequently, significant light extraction enhancements of 5.6 times and 1.1 times for TM and transverse-electric emissions are achieved in the truncated pyramid nanohole structure, respectively. The total luminous intensity of this unique nanostructure is greatly increased by 191% compared to that of a conventional planar structure. The truncated pyramid AlN/GaN nanostructure with fine-tuned multiple facets used in this work provides a promising approach for realizing highly efficient sub-250 nm DUV light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xinjun Jiang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yaozeng Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kai Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Na Gao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Duanjun Cai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yinghui Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - C C Yang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Junyong Kang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Yang CC, Zhang JX, Wei Q, Jiang T. [Role of inducible costimulatory molecules (ICOS) and related cytokines in immune regulation of Echinococcus granulosus infections in mice]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2022; 33:575-582. [PMID: 35128887 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles of inducible costimulatory molecules (ICOS) and related cytokines in the immune regulation of Echinococcus granulosus infections in mice. METHODS Eighty BALB/c mice (weight 18-22 g) were divided into the control and infection groups, of 40 animals in each group. E. granulosus infection was modeled in mice by intraperitoneal injection of 10 000 protoscoleces per mouse. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and peripheral interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 levels were measured 2, 8, 30, 60, 180 days post-infection. Mouse liver specimens were excised for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunostaining, and ICOS expression was quantified in mouse liver specimens using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay. RESULTS There were no significant differences in serum ALT (F = 12.082, P < 0.05), AST (F = 6.347, P < 0.05) or ALP levels (F = 52.186, P < 0.05) in mice 2, 8, 30, 60 and 180 days post-infection with E. granulosus. The serum ALT levels were significantly higher in the infection group than in the control group 2 [(61.72 ± 9.89) vs. (50.65 ± 4.67)U/L, P < 0.05] and 30 days post-infection [(80.61 ± 23.71)vs.(67.75 ± 9.79)U/L, P < 0.05], and the serum ALT levels were significantly higher in the infection group than in the control group 2 [(181.06 ± 60.61) vs.(115.58 ± 17.66)U/L, P < 0.05] and 180 days post-infection [(137.84 ± 29.01) vs. (108.05 ± 10.33) U/L, P < 0.05], while greater serum ALP levels were measured in the infection group than in the control group 2 [(162.90 ± 21.04)vs.(64.54 ± 5.99)U/L, P < 0.05], 8[(176.36 ± 24.56) vs. (62.70 ± 9.21)U/L, P < 0.05] and 30 days post-infection [(138.86 ± 13.59) vs. (58.60 ± 5.28) U/L, P < 0.05]. A few inflammatory cells were seen in mouse liver in the infection group 30 days post-infection, and no apparent changes were found in the mouse hepatic structure 60 days post-infection. On day 180 post-infection, a large number of epithelium-like cells presented fibrotic growth in mouse liver in the cyst-infiltrating regions, with cuticula formation seen, and plenty of red cells were present in lesions and hepatocyte space. Positive ICOS expression was detected in mouse liver in the infection group, with ICOS-positive cells predominantly seen in the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte, and the ICOS expression increased over time. The relative ICOS mRNA expression was 2.732 ± 0.094 on day 180 post-infection, which was significantly greater than that on day 2 postinfection (0.746 ± 0.049). There were no significant differences in serum IL-4 or IL-10 levels at different time points after E. granulosus infections, while the serum IL-4 and IL-10 levels peaked in the infection group 180 days and 60 days post-infection, respectively. Higher serum IL-4 levels were measured in the infection group than in the control group 8 [(22.50 ± 3.24) vs. (5.82 ± 0.49) pg/mL, P < 0.05], 30 [(15.49 ± 4.73) vs. (5.10 ± 1.38) pg/mL, P < 0.05], 60 [(36.93 ± 6.14) vs. (4.13 ± 1.19) pg/mL, P < 0.05] and 180 days post-infection [(198.35 ± 0.70) vs. (4.19 ± 0.98) pg/mL, P < 0.05], and higher IL-10 levels were measured in the infection group than in the control group 2 [(4.84 ± 1.91) vs. (2.11 ± 1.03) pg/mL, P < 0.05], 8 [(44.72 ± 14.63) vs. (3.16 ± 0.60) pg/mL, P < 0.05], 30 [(25.47 ± 8.00) vs. (3.83 ± 1.87) pg/mL, P < 0.05], 60 [(187.16 ± 60.44) vs. (3.69 ± 1.05) pg/mL, P < 0.05] and 180 days post-infection [(85.40 ± 7.15) vs. (3.25 ± 0.93) pg/mL, P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS High ICOS expression is present in the liver of mice with E. granulosus infections. The positive ICOS expression and immune activation levels increase with the time of E. granulosus infections, leading to aggravation of hepatocyte injury caused by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Healthy and Nursing, Wuxi Taihu University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214064, China
| | - J X Zhang
- Changji Vocational and Technical College, China
| | - Q Wei
- Center for Laboratory Animals, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - T Jiang
- Center for Laboratory Animals, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
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Chen JW, Yang S, Li CH, Huang YY, Chen CH, Yang CC. Mesh size control in forming an Ag/AgO nano-network structure for transparent conducting application. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:135201. [PMID: 34905734 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The variation behaviors of the morphology, transmission, and sheet resistance of the surface Ag/AgO nano-network (NNW) structures fabricated under different illumination conditions and with different Ag deposition thicknesses and thermal annealing temperatures in forming initial Ag nanoparticles (NPs) are studied. Generally, an NNW structure with a smaller mesh size or a denser branch distribution has a lower transmission and a lower sheet resistance level. Under the fabrication condition of a broader illumination spectrum, a lower thermal annealing temperature, or a thicker Ag deposition, we can obtain an NNW structure of a smaller mesh size. The mesh size of an NNW structure is basically controlled by the seed density of Brownian tree (BT) at the beginning of light illumination. A BT seed can be formed through a stronger local localized surface plasmon resonance for accelerating Ag oxidation in a certain region. Once an Ag/AgO BT seed is formed, the surrounding Ag NPs are reorganized to form the branches of a BT. Multiple BTs are connected to form a large-area NNW structure, which can serve as a transparent conductor. Under the fabrication conditions of a broader illumination spectrum, 3 nm Ag deposition, and 100 °C thermal annealing, we can implement an NNW structure to achieve ∼1.15μm in mesh size, ∼90 Ω sq-1in sheet resistance, and 93%-77% in transmittance within the wavelength range between 370 and 700 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shaobo Yang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Li
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yi Huang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hua Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C C Yang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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11
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Chen CY, Ni CC, Wu RN, Kuo SY, Li CH, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Surface plasmon coupling effects on the förster resonance energy transfer from quantum dot into rhodamine 6G. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:295202. [PMID: 33848997 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abf775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules linked CdZnSeS/ZnS green-emitting quantum dots (QDs) are self-assembled onto Ag nanoparticles (NPs) for studying the surface plasmon (SP) coupling effect on the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process from QD into R6G. SP coupling can enhance the emission efficiency of QD such that FRET has to compete with QD emission for transferring energy into R6G. It is found that FRET efficiency is reduced under the SP coupling condition. Although R6G emission efficiency can also be enhanced through SP coupling when it is directly linked onto Ag NP, the enhancement decreases when R6G is linked onto QD and then the QD-R6G complex is self-assembled onto Ag NP. In particular, R6G emission efficiency can be reduced through SP coupling when the number of R6G molecules linked onto a QD is high. A rate-equation model is built for resembling the measured photoluminescence decay profiles and providing us with more detailed explanations for the observed FRET and SP coupling behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Ni
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nan Wu
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Kuo
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Li
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yean-Woei Kiang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - C C Yang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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12
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Chen YP, Ni CC, Wu RN, Kuo SY, Su YC, Huang YY, Chen JW, Hsu YC, Wu SH, Chen CY, Wu PH, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Combined effects of surface plasmon coupling and Förster resonance energy transfer on the light color conversion behaviors of colloidal quantum dots on an InGaN/GaN quantum-well nanodisk structure. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:135206. [PMID: 33271517 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abd05e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By forming nanodisk (ND) structures on a blue-emitting InGaN/GaN quantum-well (QW) template, the QWs become close to the red-emitting quantum dots (QDs) and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) attached onto the sidewalls of the NDs such that Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and surface plasmon (SP) coupling can occur to enhance the efficiency of blue-to-red color conversion. With a larger ND height, more QWs are exposed to open air on the sidewall for more QD/Ag NP attachment through QD self-assembly and Ag NP drop casting such that the FRET and SP coupling effects, and hence the color conversion efficiency can be enhanced. A stronger FRET process leads to a longer QD photoluminescence (PL) decay time and a shorter QW PL decay time. It is shown that SP coupling can enhance the FRET efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Po Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Ni
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nan Wu
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Kuo
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yi Huang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiao Hsu
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Hsiang Wu
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsiu Wu
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yean-Woei Kiang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - C C Yang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Ni CC, Kuo SY, Li ZH, Wu SH, Wu RN, Chen CY, Yang CC. Förster resonance energy transfer in surface plasmon coupled color conversion processes of colloidal quantum dots. Opt Express 2021; 29:4067-4081. [PMID: 33770994 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from a green-emitting quantum dot (GQD) into a red-emitting quantum dot (RQD) is an important mechanism in a multiple-color conversion process, particularly under the surface plasmon (SP) coupling condition for enhancing color conversion efficiency. Here, the dependencies of FRET efficiency on the relative concentrations of GQD and RQD in their mixtures and their surface molecule coatings for controlling surface charges are studied. Also, the SP coupling effects induced by two kinds of Ag nanoparticles on the emission behaviors of GQD and RQD are demonstrated, particularly when FRET is involved in the coupling process. FRET efficiency is reduced under the SP coupling condition. SP coupling can enhance the color conversion efficiency of either GQD or RQD. The combination of SP coupling and FRET can be used for controlling the relative converted light intensities in a multiple-color conversion process.
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Tsai YF, Wei PC, Chang L, Wang KK, Yang CC, Lai YC, Hsing CR, Wei CM, He J, Snyder GJ, Wu HJ. Compositional Fluctuations Locked by Athermal Transformation Yielding High Thermoelectric Performance in GeTe. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2008808. [PMID: 33615574 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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15
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Tsai YF, Wei PC, Chang L, Wang KK, Yang CC, Lai YC, Hsing CR, Wei CM, He J, Snyder GJ, Wu HJ. Compositional Fluctuations Locked by Athermal Transformation Yielding High Thermoelectric Performance in GeTe. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2005612. [PMID: 33215757 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phase transition in thermoelectric (TE) material is a double-edged sword-it is undesired for device operation in applications, but the fluctuations near an electronic instability are favorable. Here, Sb doping is used to elicit a spontaneous composition fluctuation showing uphill diffusion in GeTe that is otherwise suspended by diffusionless athermal cubic-to-rhombohedral phase transition at around 700 K. The interplay between these two phase transitions yields exquisite composition fluctuations and a coexistence of cubic and rhombohedral phases in favor of exceptional figures-of-merit zT. Specifically, alloying GeTe by Sb2 Te3 significantly suppresses the thermal conductivity while retaining eligible carrier concentration over a wide composition range, resulting in high zT values of >2.6. These results not only attest to the efficacy of using phase transition in manipulating the microstructures of GeTe-based materials but also open up a new thermodynamic route to develop higher performance TE materials in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Tsai
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Chun Wei
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences and Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Liuwen Chang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Kuo Wang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuen Yang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Jhongli, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chung Lai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Rong Hsing
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ming Wei
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jian He
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson, 29634-0978, USA
| | - G Jeffrey Snyder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hsin-Jay Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
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16
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Tse WF, Wu RN, Lu CC, Hsu YC, Chen YP, Kuo SY, Su YC, Wu PH, Kuo Y, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Spatial range of the plasmonic Dicke effect in an InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well structure. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:295001. [PMID: 32268310 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab87cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The plasmonic Dicke effect means a cooperative emission mechanism of multiple light emitters when they are simultaneously coupled with the same surface plasmon (SP) mode of a metal nanostructure to achieve a higher collective emission efficiency. Here, we compare the enhancements of emission efficiency among a series of SP-coupled InGaN/GaN quantum-well (QW) structures of different QW period numbers to show an emission behavior consistent with the plasmonic Dicke effect. The relative enhancement of overall emission efficiency increases with QW period number until it reaches a critical value, beyond which the enhancement starts to decrease. This critical QW period number corresponds to the effective depth range of the plasmonic Dicke effect in a multiple-QW system. It also represents an optimized QW structure for maximizing the SP coupling effect. Internal quantum efficiency and time-resolved photoluminescence are measured for comparing the enhanced emission efficiencies of blue and green QW structures with different QW period numbers through SP coupling induced by surface Ag nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Fong Tse
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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17
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Wang YT, Wu RN, Ni CC, Lu CC, Cai CJ, Tse WF, Chang WY, Kuo Y, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Important role of surface plasmon coupling with the quantum wells in a surface plasmon enhanced color-converting structure of colloidal quantum dots on quantum wells. Opt Express 2020; 28:13352-13367. [PMID: 32403812 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To improve the color-conversion efficiency based on a quantum-well (QW) light-emitting diode (LED), a more energy-saving strategy is needed to increase the energy transfer efficiency from the electrical input power of the LED into the emission of over-coated color-converter, not just from LED emission into converted light. In this regard, the efficiency of energy transfer of any mechanism from LED QW into the color-converter is an important issue. By overlaying blue-emitting QW structures and GaN templates with both deposited metal nanoparticles (DMNPs) and color-converting quantum dot (QD) linked synthesized metal nanoparticles (SMNPs) of different localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance wavelengths for producing multiple surface plasmon (SP) coupling mechanisms with the QW and QD, we study the enhancement variations of their internal quantum efficiencies and photoluminescence decay times. By comparing the QD emission efficiencies between the samples with and without QW, one can observe the advantageous effect of QW coupling with LSP resonances on QD emission efficiency. Also, with the LSP resonance wavelengths of both DMNPs and SMNPs close to the QW emission wavelength for producing strong SP coupling with the QW and hence QD absorption, a higher QD emission or color-conversion efficiency can be obtained.
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Ji J, Zhang G, Yang S, Feng X, Zhang X, Yang CC. Theoretical analysis of a white-light LED array based on a GaN nanorod structure. Appl Opt 2020; 59:2345-2351. [PMID: 32225766 DOI: 10.1364/ao.387059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Based on the experimentally demonstrated In content distribution in the InGaN/GaN quantum wells on a two-section GaN nanorod (NR) sidewall, a white-light light-emitting diode (LED) without phosphor is designed and simulated. Following the dependencies of the In diffusion length and incorporation ratio on NR geometric variables of a theoretical model, the height, radius, and tapering section geometry of the GaN NR are designed for controlling the relative intensities of a blue and a yellow emission component to mix into white light. The higher-In upper section of the NR is first excited to emit a relatively stronger yellow component when injection current is low. As the injection current increases, more current spreads into the lower-In lower section, eventually leading to a stronger blue emission component. The proposed NR LED structure provides an alternative solution for phosphor-free white-light generation.
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Cai CJ, Wang YT, Ni CC, Wu RN, Chen CY, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Emission behaviors of colloidal quantum dots linked onto synthesized metal nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:095201. [PMID: 31731282 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With two different residual surfactants, four different metal nanoparticles (NPs), including two Au NPs and two Ag NPs are synthesized for linking with red-emitting CdZnSeS/ZnS colloidal quantum dots (QDs) to enhance QD emission efficiency. Those metal NPs are first connected with amino polyethylene glycol thiol of different molecular weights to avoid aggregation and make them positively charged. They can attract negatively charged QDs for inducing surface plasmon (SP) coupling such that either QD absorption or emission and hence overall color conversion efficiency can be enhanced. The enhancement of QD emission efficiency is evaluated through the comparison of time-resolved photoluminescence behaviors under different QD linkage conditions. Such results are confirmed by the measurement of the emission quantum efficiency of QD. It is found that by linking QDs onto Ag NPs, the QD emission efficiency is more enhanced, when compared with Au NPs. Also, depending on the synthesis process, the residual surfactant of citrate leads to a relatively large increment in QD emission efficiency, when compared to the surfactant of cetrimonium chloride. A more enhanced QD emission efficiency is caused by a higher QD linkage capability and a stronger SP coupling effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jin Cai
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Yang DD, Zhao M, Zhang RD, Zhang Y, Yang CC, Jiang Q. NiS 2 nanoparticles anchored on open carbon nanohelmets as an advanced anode for lithium-ion batteries. Nanoscale Adv 2020; 2:512-519. [PMID: 36134007 PMCID: PMC9416909 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00661c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Low intrinsic conductivity and large volume expansion seriously restrict the efficient lithium storage performance of metal sulfides. Here, we fabricate a hybrid material of NiS2 nanoparticles/carbon nanohelmets (NiS2/CNHs) to address the above issues. As an anode material in lithium-ion batteries, NiS2/CNHs exhibit excellent cycling stability (490 mA h g-1 after 3000 cycles at 5 A g-1) and rate properties (412 mA h g-1 at 10 A g-1), outperforming other NiS x -based anode materials. These remarkable performances originate from the three-dimensional helmet-like integrated architecture of NiS2/CNHs, which reduces the electrode resistance due to the tight combination between NiS2 and CNHs, provides efficient diffusion paths for the electrolyte and Li+ owing to the amorphous nanoporous carbon structure, and significantly mitigates the aggregation and buffers the large volumetric expansion of NiS2 nanoparticles upon long-term cycling thanks to the open three-dimensional architecture and well-dispersed NiS2 nanoparticles on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Yang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130022 China +86-431-85095876 +86-431-85095371
| | - M Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130022 China +86-431-85095876 +86-431-85095371
| | - R D Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130022 China +86-431-85095876 +86-431-85095371
| | - Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130022 China +86-431-85095876 +86-431-85095371
| | - C C Yang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130022 China +86-431-85095876 +86-431-85095371
| | - Q Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130022 China +86-431-85095876 +86-431-85095371
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Vinu M, Sivasankar K, Prabu S, Han JL, Lin CH, Yang CC, Demel J. Tetrazine-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as Scaffolds for Post-Synthetic Modification by the Click Reaction. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Vinu
- Department of Materials Science; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; v.v.i. Husinec-Řež 1001 25068 Řež Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry; Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University); 641 114 Coimbatore India
- Department of Chemistry; Chung-Yuan Christian University; 32023 Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | | | - Samikannu Prabu
- Department of Chemistry; Chung-Yuan Christian University; 32023 Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Liang Han
- Department of Chemistry; Chung-Yuan Christian University; 32023 Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - Chia-Her Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Chung-Yuan Christian University; 32023 Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuen Yang
- Department of Physics; Chung-Yuan Christian University; 32023 Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - Jan Demel
- Department of Materials Science; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; v.v.i. Husinec-Řež 1001 25068 Řež Czech Republic
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Lo SH, Feng L, Tan K, Huang Z, Yuan S, Wang KY, Li BH, Liu WL, Day GS, Tao S, Yang CC, Luo TT, Lin CH, Wang SL, Billinge SJL, Lu KL, Chabal YJ, Zou X, Zhou HC. Rapid desolvation-triggered domino lattice rearrangement in a metal–organic framework. Nat Chem 2019; 12:90-97. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang YT, Liu CW, Chen PY, Wu RN, Ni CC, Cai CJ, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Color conversion efficiency enhancement of colloidal quantum dot through its linkage with synthesized metal nanoparticle on a blue light-emitting diode. Opt Lett 2019; 44:5691-5694. [PMID: 31774755 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Four surface-modified and, hence, positively charged metal nanoparticles (NPs) of different localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance wavelengths are synthesized for linking with negatively charged, red-emitting colloidal CdZnSeS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) on the top surface of a blue-emitting InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) light-emitting diode (LED) through electro-static force. The metal NP-QD linkage leads to a short distance between them for producing their strong surface plasmon (SP) coupling, such that QD absorption and emission can be enhanced. Meanwhile, the small p-GaN thickness in the LED results in strong SP coupling between the LSP resonance of metal NP and the QWs of the LED, leading to enhanced QW emission and, hence, stronger QD excitation. All those factors together result in the increase of the color conversion efficiency of the QD.
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Chang WY, Kuo Y, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Simulation study on light color conversion enhancement through surface plasmon coupling. Opt Express 2019; 27:A629-A642. [PMID: 31252843 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.00a629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical model together with a numerical algorithm of surface plasmon (SP) coupling are built for simulating SP-enhanced light color conversion from a shorter-wavelength radiating dipole (representing a quantum well - QW) into a longer-wavelength one (representing a quantum dot - QD) through QD absorption at the shorter wavelength. An Ag nanoparticle (NP) located between the two dipoles is designed for producing strong SP couplings simultaneously at the two wavelengths. At the QW emission wavelength, SP couplings with the QW and QD dipoles lead to the energy transfer from the QW into the QD and hence the absorption enhancement of the QD. At the QD emission wavelength, SP coupling with the excited QD dipole results in the enhancement of QD emission efficiency. The combination of the SP-induced effects at the two wavelengths leads to the increase of overall color conversion efficiency. The color conversion efficiencies in using Ag NPs of different geometries or SP resonance behaviors for producing different QD absorption and emission enhancement levels are compared.
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Wei PC, Bhattacharya S, Liu YF, Liu F, He J, Tung YH, Yang CC, Hsing CR, Nguyen DL, Wei CM, Chou MY, Lai YC, Hung TL, Guan SY, Chang CS, Wu HJ, Lee CH, Li WH, Hermann RP, Chen YY, Rao AM. Thermoelectric Figure-of-Merit of Fully Dense Single-Crystalline SnSe. ACS Omega 2019; 4:5442-5450. [PMID: 31459709 PMCID: PMC6648424 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystalline SnSe has attracted much attention because of its record high figure-of-merit ZT ≈ 2.6; however, this high ZT has been associated with the low mass density of samples which leaves the intrinsic ZT of fully dense pristine SnSe in question. To this end, we prepared high-quality fully dense SnSe single crystals and performed detailed structural, electrical, and thermal transport measurements over a wide temperature range along the major crystallographic directions. Our single crystals were fully dense and of high purity as confirmed via high statistics 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy that revealed <0.35 at. % Sn(IV) in pristine SnSe. The temperature-dependent heat capacity (C p) provided evidence for the displacive second-order phase transition from Pnma to Cmcm phase at T c ≈ 800 K and a small but finite Sommerfeld coefficient γ0 which implied the presence of a finite Fermi surface. Interestingly, despite its strongly temperature-dependent band gap inferred from density functional theory calculations, SnSe behaves like a low-carrier-concentration multiband metal below 600 K, above which it exhibits a semiconducting behavior. Notably, our high-quality single-crystalline SnSe exhibits a thermoelectric figure-of-merit ZT ∼1.0, ∼0.8, and ∼0.25 at 850 K along the b, c, and a directions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Chun Wei
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering
Division, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sriparna Bhattacharya
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson 29634-0978, United States
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson 29634-0978, United States
| | - Fengjiao Liu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson 29634-0978, United States
| | - Jian He
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson 29634-0978, United States
| | - Yung-Hsiang Tung
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chuen Yang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Rong Hsing
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Duc-Long Nguyen
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan
City 32001, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Molecular Science and Technology
Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Ming Wei
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mei-Yin Chou
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yen-Chung Lai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research
Center, Hsin-Chu 30076, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsu-Lien Hung
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Syu-You Guan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Physics, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Seng Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Physics, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Jay Wu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Hung Lee
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan
City 32001, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hsien Li
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan
City 32001, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Raphael P. Hermann
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yang-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Apparao M. Rao
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson 29634-0978, United States
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Xiao H, Yi Z, Yang CC, Zeng N, Xu Y, Deng P, Wang HP, Wu YP, Wu M. [Regulation mechanism of E2F1 transcription factor on M2 macrophages in full-thickness skin defect wounds of mice]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2019; 35:104-109. [PMID: 30798576 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the regulatory mechanism of E2F1 transcription factor on M2 macrophages in full-thickness skin defect wounds of mice. Methods: E2F1 gene knockout heterozygotes C57BL/6 mice and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were introduced and self-reproduced. Two weeks after birth, E2F1 gene knockout homozygotes mice and wild-type mice were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twelve identified 6-8 weeks old male E2F1 gene knockout homozygotes C57BL/6 mice and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were selected respectively according to the random number table and set as E2F1 gene knockout group and wild-type group. A full-thickness skin defect wound was made on the back of each mouse. On post injury day (PID) 2 and 7, 6 mice in each group were selected according to the random number table and sacrificed, and the wound tissue was excised. The expression of CD68 and CD206 double positive M2 macrophages was observed by immunofluorescence method, and the percentage of CD206 positive cells was calculated. The protein expression of CD206 was detected by Western blotting. The mRNA expression of arginase 1 was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Wound tissue specimens of the two groups on PID 7 were obtained, and the protein and mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) were detected by Western blotting and real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR respectively. The above-mentioned experiments were repeated four times. Three specimens of wound tissue of mice in wild-type group on PID 7 were obtained to detect the relationship between E2F1 and PPAR-γ by co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting, and this experiment was repeated two times. Data were processed with unpaired t test. Results: The size of PCR products of E2F1 gene knockout homozygotes C57BL/6 mice and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were 227 and 172 bp respectively, which were the same as those of the designed DNA fragments. On PID 2 and 7, the number of CD68 and CD206 double positive M2 macrophages in the wound tissue of mice in E2F1 gene knockout group was more than that of wild-type group, and the percentages of CD206 positive cells in the wound tissue of mice in E2F1 gene knockout group were (0.234±0.032)% and (0.584±0.023)% respectively, which were significantly higher than (0.129±0.017)% and (0.282±0.071)% of wild-type group (t=3.29, 3.54, P<0.05). On PID 2 and 7, the protein expression of CD206 in the wound tissue of mice in E2F1 gene knockout group were 1.00±0.23 and 1.63±0.26 respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.43±0.06 and 0.97±0.08 of wild-type group (t=2.41, 2.45, P<0.05). On PID 2 and 7, the mRNA expressions of arginase 1 in the wound tissue of mice in E2F1 gene knockout group were 0.482±0.105 and 0.195±0.031 respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.163±0.026 and 0.108±0.017 of wild-type group (t=3.04, 2.86, P<0.05). On PID 7, the protein and mRNA expressions of PPAR-γ in the wound tissue of mice in E2F1 gene knockout group were 0.61±0.12 and 0.51±0.13 respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.20±0.04 and 0.20±0.04 of wild-type group (t=3.36, 2.86, P<0.05). On PID 7, detection of the wound tissue of mice in wild-type group showed that PPAR-γ had unidirectional effect on E2F1. Conclusions: E2F1 transcription factor affects the polarization of M2 macrophages by inhibiting the expression of PPAR-γ, thereby inhibiting the healing process of full-thickness skin defect wounds in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China (Xiao Hui is now working at the Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 463100, China)
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Yang Q, Yang CC, Lin CH, Jiang HL. Metal-Organic-Framework-Derived Hollow N-Doped Porous Carbon with Ultrahigh Concentrations of Single Zn Atoms for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Chun-Chuen Yang
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan 32023 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Her Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan 32023 Taiwan
| | - Hai-Long Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
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28
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Yang Q, Yang CC, Lin CH, Jiang HL. Metal-Organic-Framework-Derived Hollow N-Doped Porous Carbon with Ultrahigh Concentrations of Single Zn Atoms for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3511-3515. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Chun-Chuen Yang
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan 32023 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Her Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan 32023 Taiwan
| | - Hai-Long Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
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Shen X, Yang CC, Liu Y, Wang G, Tan H, Tung YH, Wang G, Lu X, He J, Zhou X. High-Temperature Structural and Thermoelectric Study of Argyrodite Ag 8GeSe 6. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:2168-2176. [PMID: 30575380 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Argyrodites with a general chemical formula of A8BX6 (A = Cu, Ag; B = Si, Ge, Sn; and X = S, Se, and Te) are known for the intimate interplay among mobile ions, electrons, and phonons, which yields rich material physics and materials chemistry phenomena. In particular, the coexistence of fast ionic conduction and promising thermoelectric performance in Ag8GeTe6, Ag8SnSe6, Ag8SiTe6, Ag8SiSe6, and Cu8GeSe6 at high temperatures ushered us to their chemical neighbor Ag8GeSe6, whose high-temperature crystal structure and thermoelectric properties are not yet reported. In this work, we have employed a growth-from-the-melt technique followed by hot pressing to prepare polycrystalline Ag8GeSe6 samples, on which the crystal structure, micro-morphology, compositional analysis, UV-vis absorption, specific heat, speed of sound, and thermoelectric properties were characterized as a function of the Se-deficiency ratio and temperature. We found that (i) the crystal structure of Ag8GeSe6 evolved from orthorhombic at room temperature to face center cubic above 410 K, with a region of phase separations in between; (ii) like other argyrodite 816 phases, Ag8GeSe6 exhibited ultralow thermal conductivities over a wide temperature range as the phonon mean free path was down to the order of interatomic spacing; and (iii) varying Se deficiency effectively optimized the carrier concentration and power factor, a figure of merit zT value ∼0.55 was achieved at 923 K in Ag8GeSe5.88. These results not only fill a knowledge gap of Ag8GeSe6 but also contribute to a comprehensive understanding of 816 phase argyrodites at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Clemson University , Clemson , South Carolina 29634 , United States
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology , Chinese Academy of Science , Chongqing 400714 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100044 , P. R. China
| | - Chun-Chuen Yang
- Department of Physics , Chun Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 32023 , Taiwan
| | - Yamei Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Clemson University , Clemson , South Carolina 29634 , United States
| | - Guiwen Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center of Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , P. R. China
| | - Huan Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , P. R. China
| | - Yung-Hsiang Tung
- Department of Physics , Chun Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 32023 , Taiwan
| | - Guoyu Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology , Chinese Academy of Science , Chongqing 400714 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100044 , P. R. China
| | - Xu Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , P. R. China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Clemson University , Clemson , South Carolina 29634 , United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , P. R. China
- Analytical and Testing Center of Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , P. R. China
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Hua WH, Cai CJ, Chou KP, Tsai YH, Low MC, Tu CG, Chen CY, Ni CC, Kiang YW, Yang CC, Hsu YC. Control of pore structure in a porous gold nanoparticle for effective cancer cell damage. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:025101. [PMID: 30378566 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae8c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For tumor treatment, compared with gold nanoparticles (NPs) of other geometries, a porous gold NP (PGNP) has the advantages of stronger localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) due to the pore nanostructures and a larger surface area to link with more drug or photosensitizer (PS) molecules for more effective delivery into cancer cells. Different from the chemical synthesis methods, in this paper we demonstrate the fabrication procedures of PGNP based on shaped Au/Ag deposition on a Si substrate and elucidate the advantageous features. PGNPs fabricated under different conditions, including different deposited Au/Ag content ratios and different alloying annealing temperatures, are compared for optimizing the fabrication condition in terms of LSPR wavelength, PS linkage capability, and cancer cell damage efficiency. It is found that within the feasible fabrication parameter ranges, the Au/Ag content ratio of 3:7 and alloying annealing temperature at 600 °C are the optimized conditions. In comparing with widely used gold NPs of other geometries, PGNP fabricated under the optimized conditions can be used for achieving a significantly higher linked PS molecule number per unit gold weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Hua
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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31
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Yao YF, Chou KP, Lin HH, Chen CC, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Polarity Control in Growing Highly Ga-Doped ZnO Nanowires with the Vapor-Liquid-Solid Process. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:40764-40772. [PMID: 30398848 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface behavior modification by forming surface-transparent conductive nanowires (NWs) is an important technique for many applications, particularly when the polarities of the NWs can be controlled. The polarities of Ga-doped ZnO (GaZnO) NWs grown on templates of different polarities under different growth conditions are studied for exploring a polarity control growth technique. The NWs are formed on Ga- and N-face GaN through the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process using Ag nanoparticles as growth catalyst. The NWs grown on templates of different polarities under the Zn- (O-) rich conditions are always Zn (O) polar. During the early stage of NW growth, because the lattice sizes among different nucleation islands formed at the triple-phase line are quite different, high-density planar defects are produced when lateral growths from multiple nucleation islands form a GaZnO double bilayer. In this situation, frequent domain inversions occur, and GaZnO polarity is unstable. Under the Zn- (O-) rich conditions, because the lateral growth rate of GaZnO in the Zn- (O-) polar structure is higher due to more available dangling bonds, the growth of the Zn- (O-) polar structure dominates NW formation such that the NW eventually becomes Zn (O) polar irrespective of the polarity of the growth template. Therefore, the polarity of a doped-ZnO NW can be controlled simply by the relative supply rates of Zn and O during VLS growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Yao
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Keng-Ping Chou
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Huang-Hui Lin
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yean-Woei Kiang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - C C Yang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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Lin CH, Su CY, Yao YF, Su MY, Chiang HC, Tsai MC, Liu WH, Tu CG, Kiang YW, Yang CC, Huang FW, Lee CL, Hsu TC. Further emission efficiency improvement of a commercial-quality light-emitting diode through surface plasmon coupling. Opt Lett 2018; 43:5631-5634. [PMID: 30439912 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is usually believed that surface plasmon (SP) coupling is practically useful only for improving the performance of a light-emitting diode (LED) with a low intrinsic internal quantum efficiency (IQE). In this Letter, we demonstrate that the performance of a commercial-quality blue LED with a high IQE (>80%) can still be significantly improved through SP coupling based on a surface Ag nanoparticle (NP) structure. The performance improvement of such an LED is achieved by increasing the Mg doping concentration in its p-AlGaN electron blocking layer to enhance the hole injection efficiency such that the p-GaN layer thickness can be significantly reduced without sacrificing its electrical property. In this situation, the distance between surface Ag NPs and quantum wells is decreased and hence SP coupling strength is increased. By reducing the distance between the surface Ag NPs and the top quantum well to 66 nm, the IQE can be increased to almost 90% (an ∼11% enhancement) and the electroluminescence intensity can be enhanced by ∼24%.
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Chen KL, Liu HT, Yu JH, Tung YH, Chou YS, Yang CC, Wang JS, Shen JL, Chiu KC. Characterization of coumarin-6 polycrystalline films growth from vacuum deposition at various substrate temperatures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16740. [PMID: 30425267 PMCID: PMC6233150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarin-6 polycrystalline films were fabricated from vacuum deposition at various substrate temperatures Tsub from 106 to 178 °C with a fixed source temperature of 185 °C. Because of its slenderer and more asymmetric structure, the adhered coumarin-6 molecule on top of the growing interface encounters a larger steric energetic barrier of 0.92 eV as estimated from the Arrhenius plot of growth rate versus 1/Tsub. From top-view SEM pictures, the as-deposited coumarin-6 thin films exhibit a twisted pattern and a kinematic roughness for Tsub < 150 °C; while clear facets emerge for Tsub ≥ 150 °C due to the increase of surface diffusion energy of the adhered molecules. From XRD analysis, besides the confirmation of the triclinic structure two anomalous peaks observed at 2θ ~ 9.007° and 7.260° are explained due to the co-existence of N- and S-coumarin-6-isomers within the crystalline grains. Furthermore, for coumarin-6 polycrystalline films deposited at Tsub = 150 °C with high crystallinity of the constituent grains, the bandgap determined from optical transmission is around 2.392 eV; and from photoluminescence spectra, the fitted four emission components are assigned to the Frenkel and charge transfer excitons recombination with participation of molecular vibrational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Lun Chen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Liu
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Hung Yu
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Tung
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Syuan Chou
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuen Yang
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Shyang Wang
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Lin Shen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan.
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Lin CH, Chiang HC, Wang YT, Yao YF, Chen CC, Tse WF, Wu RN, Chang WY, Kuo Y, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Efficiency enhancement of light color conversion through surface plasmon coupling. Opt Express 2018; 26:23629-23640. [PMID: 30184861 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.023629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency enhancement of light color conversion from blue quantum well (QW) emission into red quantum dot (QD) emission through surface plasmon (SP) coupling by coating CdSe/ZnS QDs on the top of an InGaN/GaN QW light-emitting diode (LED) is demonstrated. Ag nanoparticles (NPs) are fabricated within a transparent conductive Ga-doped ZnO interlayer to induce localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance for simultaneously coupling with the QWs and QDs. Such a coupling process generates three enhancement effects, including QW emission, QD absorption at the QW emission wavelength, and QD emission, leading to an overall enhancement effect of QD emission intensity. An Ag NP geometry for inducing an LSP resonance peak around the middle between the QW and QD emission wavelengths results in the optimized condition for maximizing QD emission enhancement. Internal quantum efficiency and photoluminescence (PL) decay time measurements are performed to show consistent results with LED performance characterizations, even though the QD absorption of PL excitation laser may mix with the SP-induced QD absorption enhancement effect in PL measurement.
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35
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He Y, Hua WH, Low MC, Tsai YH, Cai CJ, Chiang HC, Yu JH, Hsiao JH, Tseng PH, Kiang YW, Yang CC, Zhang Z. Exocytosis of gold nanoparticle and photosensitizer from cancer cells and their effects on photodynamic and photothermal processes. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:235101. [PMID: 29570098 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aab933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We first illustrate the faster decrease of the photothermal (PT) effect with the delay time of laser treatment, in which the illumination of a 1064 nm laser effectively excites the localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance of cell-up-taken gold nanoring (NRI) linked with a photosensitizer (PS), when compared with the photodynamic (PD) effect produced by the illumination of a 660 nm laser for effective PS excitation. The measurement results of the metal contents of Au NRI and PS based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and the PS fluorescence intensity based on flow cytometry show that the linkage of NRI and PS is rapidly broken for releasing PS through the effect of glutathione in lysosome after cell uptake. Meanwhile, NRI escapes from a cell with a high rate such that the PT effect decays fast while the released PS can stay inside a cell longer for producing a prolonged PD effect. The effective delivery of PS through the linkage with Au NRI for cell uptake and the advantageous effect of LSP resonance at a PS absorption wavelength on the PD process are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049 People's Republic of China. Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt, Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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Yao YF, Lin CH, Chao CY, Chang WY, Su CY, Tu CG, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Coupling of a light-emitting diode with surface plasmon polariton or localized surface plasmon induced on surface silver gratings of different geometries. Opt Express 2018; 26:9205-9219. [PMID: 29715875 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.009205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A metal grating on top of a light-emitting diode (LED) with a designed grating period for compensating the momentum mismatch can enhance the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) coupling effect with the quantum wells (QWs) to improve LED performance. Here, we demonstrate the experimental results showing that the induced localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance on such a metal grating can dominate the QW coupling effect for improving LED performance, particularly when grating ridge height is large. The finding is illustrated by fabricating Ag gratings on single-QW, green-emitting LEDs of different p-type thicknesses with varied grating ridge height and width such that the distance between the grating ridge tip and the QW can be controlled. Reflection spectra of the Ag grating structures are measured and simulated to identify the SPP or LSP resonance behaviors at the QW emission wavelength. The measured results of LED performances show that in the LED samples under study, both SPP and LSP couplings can lead to significant enhancements of internal quantum efficiency and electroluminescence intensity. At the designated QW emission wavelength, with a grating period theoretically designed for momentum matching, the LSP coupling effect is stronger, when compared with SPP coupling.
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Chang WY, Kuo Y, Yao YF, Yang CC, Wu YR, Kiang YW. Different surface plasmon coupling behaviors of a surface Al nanoparticle between TE and TM polarizations in a deep-UV light-emitting diode. Opt Express 2018; 26:8340-8355. [PMID: 29715802 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.008340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The formulations and numerical algorithms of a three-level model for studying the Purcell effect produced by the scattering of an air/AlGaN interface and the surface plasmon (SP) coupling effect induced by a surface Al nanoparticle in a two-polarization emission system to simulate the transverse-electric- (TE-) and transverse-magnetic- (TM-) polarized emissions in an AlxGa1-xN/AlyGa1-yN (y > x) quantum well (QW) are built. In reasonably selected ranges of Al content for an AlGaN QW to emit deep-ultraviolet (UV) light, the enhancement (suppression) of TE- (TM-) polarized emission is mainly caused by the SP-coupling (interface-scattering) effect. Different from a two two-level model, in the three-level model the TE- and TM-polarized emissions compete for electron in the shared upper state, which is used for simulating the conduction band, such that either interface-scattering or SP-coupling effect becomes weaker. In a quite large range of emission wavelength, in which the intrinsic emission is dominated by TM polarization, with the interface-scattering and SP-coupling effects, the TE-polarized emission becomes dominant for enhancing the light extraction efficiency of a deep-UV light-emitting diode.
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Vinu M, Senthil Raja D, Jiang YC, Liu TY, Xie YY, Lin YF, Yang CC, Lin CH, Alshehri SM, Ahamad T, Salunkhe RR, Yamauchi Y, Deng YH, Wu KCW. Effects of structural crystallinity and defects in microporous Al-MOF filled chitosan mixed matrix membranes for pervaporation of water/ethanol mixtures. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Muruganantham R, Chiu YT, Yang CC, Wang CW, Liu WR. An Efficient Evaluation of F-doped Polyanion Cathode Materials with Long Cycle Life for Na-Ion Batteries Applications. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14808. [PMID: 29093535 PMCID: PMC5665866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of Na3-x V2(PO4-x F x )3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.3) polyanion cathode materials are synthesized via a sol-gel method. The optimal doping concentration of F in Na3V2(PO4)3 is 0.15 mol %. By neutron powder diffraction data, the chemical composition of as-synthesized material is Na2.85V2(PO3.95F0.05)3. The half-cell of Na2.85V2(PO3.95F0.05)3 cathode exhibits a stable discharge capacity of 103 mAh g-1 and 93% of capacity retention over 250 cycles without decay at 0.1 A g-1, which is higher than that of bare Na3V2(PO4)3 (98 mAh g-1). The high rate capability of Na2.85V2(PO3.95F0.05)3 is also dramatically enhanced via increase the conductivity of host material by F-doping. Moreover, the symmetrical Na-ion full-cell is fabricated using Na2.85V2(PO3.95F0.05)3 as cathode and anode materials. It is achieved that the good reversibility and superior cycling stability about 98% of capacity retention with ~100% of coulombic efficiency at 1.0 A g-1 throughout 1000 cycles. These results demonstrate that the optimal amount of Na2.85V2(PO3.95F0.05)3 is a distinctive potential candidate for excellent long-term cyclic stability with high rate low-cost energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasu Muruganantham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Chungli, 32023, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Tang Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Chungli, 32023, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Chuen Yang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Chungli, 32023, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Wei Wang
- Neutron Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu City, 30076, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Ren Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Chungli, 32023, Taiwan, ROC.
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Su CY, Tsai MC, Chou KP, Chiang HC, Lin HH, Su MY, Wu YR, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Method for enhancing the favored transverse-electric-polarized emission of an AlGaN deep-ultraviolet quantum well. Opt Express 2017; 25:26365-26377. [PMID: 29092128 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.026365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An AlGaN quantum well (QW) structure of a deep-ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED) needs to be well designed for controlling its band structure such that the heavy-hole (HH) band edge becomes lower than the split-off (SO) band edge and hence the transverse-electric (TE) polarization dominates the emission for achieving a higher light extraction efficiency. Here, we report the discovery of un-intentionally formed high-Al AlGaN nano-layers right above and below such a QW and their effects on the QW for changing the relative energy levels of the HH and SO bands. The comparison between the results of simulation study and polarization-resolved photoluminescence measurement confirms that the high-Al layers (HALs) represent the key to the observation of the dominating TE-polarized emission. By applying a stress onto a sample along its c-axis to produce a tensile strain in the c-plane for counteracting the HAL effects in changing the band structure, we can further understand the effectiveness of the HALs. The formation of the HALs is attributed to the hydrogen back-etching of Ga atoms during the temperature transition from quantum barrier growth into QW growth and vice versa. The Al filling in the etched vacancies results in the formation of an HAL. This discovery brings us with a simple method for enhancing the favored TE-polarized emission in an AlGaN deep-UV QW LED.
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Su CY, Lin CH, Yao YF, Liu WH, Su MY, Chiang HC, Tsai MC, Tu CG, Chen HT, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Dependencies of surface plasmon coupling effects on the p-GaN thickness of a thin-p-type light-emitting diode. Opt Express 2017; 25:21526-21536. [PMID: 29041450 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.021526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The high performance of a light-emitting diode (LED) with the total p-type thickness as small as 38 nm is demonstrated. By increasing the Mg doping concentration in the p-AlGaN electron blocking layer through an Mg pre-flow process, the hole injection efficiency can be significantly enhanced. Based on this technique, the high LED performance can be maintained when the p-type layer thickness is significantly reduced. Then, the surface plasmon coupling effects, including the enhancement of internal quantum efficiency, increase in output intensity, reduction of efficiency droop, and increase of modulation bandwidth, among the thin p-type LED samples of different p-type thicknesses that are compared. These advantageous effects are stronger as the p-type layer becomes thinner. However, the dependencies of these effects on p-type layer thickness are different. With a circular mesa size of 10 μm in radius, through surface plasmon coupling, we achieve the record-high modulation bandwidth of 625.6 MHz among c-plane GaN-based LEDs.
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Yang CC, Wang WY, Wang B. [Enhanced recovery after surgery in bariatric and metabolic procedure]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 97:2481-2482. [PMID: 28835052 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.32.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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He Y, Hsiao JH, Yu JH, Tseng PH, Hua WH, Low MC, Tsai YH, Cai CJ, Hsieh CC, Kiang YW, Yang CC, Zhang Z. Cancer cell death pathways caused by photothermal and photodynamic effects through gold nanoring induced surface plasmon resonance. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:275101. [PMID: 28557805 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa75ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The different death pathways of cancer cells under the conditions of the photothermal (PT), effect, photodynamic (PD) effect, and their combination are evaluated. By incubating cells with Au nanoring (NRI) either linked with the photosensitizer, AlPcS, or not, the illumination of a visible continuous laser for exciting the photosensitizer or an infrared femtosecond laser for exciting the localized surface plasmon resonance of Au NRI, leads to various PT and PD conditions for study. Three different staining dyes are used for identifying the cell areas of different damage conditions at different temporal points of observation. The cell death pathways and apoptotic evolution speeds under different cell treatment conditions are evaluated based on the calibration of the threshold laser fluences for causing early-apoptosis (EA) and necrosis (NE) or late-apoptosis (LA). It is found that with the PT effect only, strong cell NE is generated and the transition from EA into LA is faster than that caused by the PD effect when the EA stage is reached within 0.5 h after laser illumination. By combining the PT and PD effects, in the first few hours, the transition speed becomes lower, compared to the case of the PT effect only, when both Au NRIs internalized into cells and adsorbed on cell membrane exist. When the Au NRIs on cell membrane is removed, in the first few hours, the transition speed becomes higher, compared to the case of the PD effect only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049 People's Republic of China. Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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Chen YH, Chen YC, Kuo WJ, Kan K, Yang CC, Yen NS. Strategic Motives Drive Proposers to Offer Fairly in Ultimatum Games: An fMRI Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:527. [PMID: 28373714 PMCID: PMC5428836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis of strategic motives postulates that offering fairly in the Ultimatum Game (UG) is to avoid rejection and receive money. In this fMRI study, we used a modified UG to elucidate how proposers reached decisions of offering fairly and to what extent they considered offering selfishly with different stakes. We had proposers choose between a fair and a selfish offer with different degrees of selfishness and stake sizes. Proposers were less likely and spent more time choosing the fair offer over a slightly-selfish offer than a very selfish offer independent of stakes. Such choices evoked greater activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortices that typically involve in allocation of cognitive control for cost/benefit decision making. Choosing a fair offer in higher stakes evoked greater activation in the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACCg) and the areas that previously have been implicated in reward and theory of mind. Furthermore, choosing a slightly selfish offer over a fair offer evoked greater activation in the anterior cingulate sulcus, ACCg, ventral tegmental area (or substantia nigra) and anterior insular cortex signalling the higher gain and implying higher rejection risk. In conclusion, our findings favoured the hypothesis that proposers offer fairly based on the strategic motives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hua Chen
- Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taiwan, No. 64, ZhiNan Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taiwan, No. 64, ZhiNan Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jui Kuo
- Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taiwan, No. 64, ZhiNan Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 116, Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, No. 155, Sec. 2, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Kamhon Kan
- Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - C C Yang
- Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Department of Public Finance, National Chengchi University, Taiwan, No. 64, ZhiNan Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 116, Taiwan.,Department of Public Finance, Feng Chia University, Taiwan, No. 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Shing Yen
- Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taiwan, No. 64, ZhiNan Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 116, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taiwan, No. 64, ZhiNan Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 116, Taiwan.
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Lin KY, Hu LW, Chen KL, Siao MD, Ji WF, Yang CC, Yeh JM, Chiu KC. Characterization of polyaniline synthesized from chemical oxidative polymerization at various polymerization temperatures. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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Zhang X, Tu CG, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Structure variation of a sidewall quantum well on a GaN nanorod. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:045203. [PMID: 27981946 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/4/045203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical model for evaluating the height-dependent variations of quantum well (QW) thickness and In concentration in a sidewall QW of a single- or two-section GaN nanorod (NR) is proposed. By reasonably choosing modeling parameter values, the obtained numerical results are quite consistent with the available experimental data. In particular, the model clearly demonstrates the increasing trends of QW thickness and In concentration with height on a sidewall of a single-section NR. Also, it successfully explains the larger QW thickness and higher In concentration in the upper uniform section, when compared with the lower uniform section, in a two-section NR. In this model, three III-group adatom supply sources are considered for sidewall deposition on a single-section NR, including the downward diffusion of adatoms collected on the slant facets at the NR top, the upward diffusion of adatoms collected on the NR base, and the direct adsorption of atoms on the sidewall from the vapor phase. For a two-section NR, the upward and downward diffusions of adatoms collected on the slant facets of the tapering section between the two uniform sections serve as extra adatom supply sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Laser and Opto-electric Information Technology, School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China. Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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47
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Lin KY, Wang YJ, Chen KL, Ho CY, Yang CC, Shen JL, Chiu KC. Role of molecular conformations in rubrene polycrystalline films growth from vacuum deposition at various substrate temperatures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40824. [PMID: 28091620 PMCID: PMC5238508 DOI: 10.1038/srep40824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the optical and structural characterization of rubrene polycrystalline films fabricated from vacuum deposition with various substrate temperatures (Tsub). Depending on Tsub, the role of twisted and planar rubrene conformational isomers on the properties of rubrene films is focused. The temperature (T)-dependent inverse optical transmission (IOT) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were performed on these rubrene films. The origins of these IOT and PL peaks are explained in terms of the features from twisted and planar rubrene molecules and of the band characteristics from rubrene molecular solid films. Here, two rarely reported weak-peaks at 2.431 and 2.605 eV were observed from IOT spectra, which are associated with planar rubrene. Besides, the T-dependence of optical bandgap deduced from IOT spectra is discussed with respect to Tsub. Together with IOT and PL spectra, for Tsub > 170 °C, the changes in surface morphology and unit cell volume were observed for the first time, and are attributed to the isomeric transformation from twisted to planar rubrenes during the deposition processes. Furthermore, a unified schematic diagram in terms of Frenkel exciton recombination is suggested to explain the origins of the dominant PL peaks performed on these rubrene films at 15 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ku-Yen Lin
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Lun Chen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Ho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuen Yang
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Lin Shen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
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Xiu JW, Wang GE, Yao MS, Yang CC, Lin CH, Xu G. Electrical bistability in a metal–organic framework modulated by reversible crystalline-to-amorphous transformations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2479-2482. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09310h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We reported an interesting electrical bistability of an MOF material, which was reversibly modulated by its crystalline and amorphous transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Guan-E Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-Shui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | | | | | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
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49
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Li MM, Yang CC, Wang CC, Wen Z, Zhu YF, Zhao M, Li JC, Zheng WT, Lian JS, Jiang Q. Design of Hydrogen Storage Alloys/Nanoporous Metals Hybrid Electrodes for Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27601. [PMID: 27270184 PMCID: PMC4895169 DOI: 10.1038/srep27601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries have demonstrated key technology advantages for applications in new-energy vehicles, which play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the world's dependence on fossil fuels. However, the poor high-rate dischargeability of the negative electrode materials-hydrogen storage alloys (HSAs) limits applications of Ni-MH batteries in high-power fields due to large polarization. Here we design a hybrid electrode by integrating HSAs with a current collector of three-dimensional bicontinuous nanoporous Ni. The electrode shows enhanced high-rate dischargeability with the capacity retention rate reaching 44.6% at a discharge current density of 3000 mA g(-1), which is 2.4 times that of bare HSAs (18.8%). Such a unique hybrid architecture not only enhances charge transfer between nanoporous Ni and HSAs, but also facilitates rapid diffusion of hydrogen atoms in HSAs. The developed HSAs/nanoporous metals hybrid structures exhibit great potential to be candidates as electrodes in high-performance Ni-MH batteries towards applications in new-energy vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - C C Yang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - C C Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Z Wen
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Y F Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - M Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - J C Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - W T Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - J S Lian
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Q Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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50
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Yang CC, Wang WY, Wang B. [Effect of bariatric surgery on obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome with obesity in China]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2016; 30:434-437. [PMID: 29871032 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become one of the greatest public health concerns especially in China and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is prevalent among morbidly obese patients. Metabolic and bariatric surgery has been proved to be a typical multidisciplinary strategy for obese patients with OSAHS but no related bariatric surgical guideline for OSAHS was found by now. In this paper, we extend to share our preliminary single-center experiences in the multidisciplinary treatment of severe obese with OSAHS.
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