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Antolini C, Sosa Alfaro V, Reinhard M, Chatterjee G, Ribson R, Sokaras D, Gee L, Sato T, Kramer PL, Raj SL, Hayes B, Schleissner P, Garcia-Esparza AT, Lim J, Babicz JT, Follmer AH, Nelson S, Chollet M, Alonso-Mori R, van Driel TB. The Liquid Jet Endstation for Hard X-ray Scattering and Spectroscopy at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Molecules 2024; 29:2323. [PMID: 38792184 PMCID: PMC11124266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to study chemical dynamics on ultrafast timescales has greatly advanced with the introduction of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) providing short pulses of intense X-rays tailored to probe atomic structure and electronic configuration. Fully exploiting the full potential of XFELs requires specialized experimental endstations along with the development of techniques and methods to successfully carry out experiments. The liquid jet endstation (LJE) at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) has been developed to study photochemistry and biochemistry in solution systems using a combination of X-ray solution scattering (XSS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). The pump-probe setup utilizes an optical laser to excite the sample, which is subsequently probed by a hard X-ray pulse to resolve structural and electronic dynamics at their intrinsic femtosecond timescales. The LJE ensures reliable sample delivery to the X-ray interaction point via various liquid jets, enabling rapid replenishment of thin samples with millimolar concentrations and low sample volumes at the 120 Hz repetition rate of the LCLS beam. This paper provides a detailed description of the LJE design and of the techniques it enables, with an emphasis on the diagnostics required for real-time monitoring of the liquid jet and on the spatiotemporal overlap methods used to optimize the signal. Additionally, various scientific examples are discussed, highlighting the versatility of the LJE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali Antolini
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Victor Sosa Alfaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Reinhard
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Gourab Chatterjee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Ryan Ribson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Leland Gee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Takahiro Sato
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Patrick L. Kramer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Sumana Laxmi Raj
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Brandon Hayes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Pamela Schleissner
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Angel T. Garcia-Esparza
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Jinkyu Lim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey T. Babicz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Alec H. Follmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Silke Nelson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Tim B. van Driel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.A.); (V.S.A.); (M.R.); (G.C.); (R.R.); (D.S.); (L.G.); (T.S.); (P.L.K.); (S.L.R.); (B.H.); (P.S.); (A.T.G.-E.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.J.); (S.N.); (M.C.)
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Mascarenhas EJ, Fondell M, Büchner R, Eckert S, Vaz da Cruz V, Föhlisch A. The Role of the Lowest Excited Triplet State in Defining the Rate of Photoaquation of Hexacyanometalates. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:241-247. [PMID: 38164541 PMCID: PMC10788954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Photosolvation is a type of ligand substitution reaction started by irradiation of a solution with light, triggering the replacement of a ligand with a molecule from the solvent. The excited state is created through many possible pathways. For the class of hexacyanides of groups 8 and 9 of the periodic table, irradiation in the ligand field band is followed by intersystem crossing to the lowest excited triplet state, which we propose to mediate the photoaquation reaction in this class of complexes. In this study, we present time-resolved X-ray absorption data showing indications of the triplet intermediate state in the cobalt(III) hexacyanide complex and we discuss general aspects of the photoaquation reaction in comparison with reported data on the isoelectronic iron(II) hexacyanide. Quantum chemical calculations are analyzed and suggest that the nature of the lowest excited triplet state in each complex can explain the drastically different rate of reactions observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Mascarenhas
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und
Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mattis Fondell
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und
Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robby Büchner
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und
Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eckert
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und
Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vinicius Vaz da Cruz
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und
Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und
Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institute
of Physics and Astronomy, Universität
Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Antolini C, Jacoby DJ, Tiano SM, Otolski CJ, Doumy G, March AM, Walko DA, Goodwill JE, Hayes D. Ten-Fold Solvent Kinetic Isotope Effect for the Nonradiative Relaxation of the Aqueous Ferrate(VI) Ion. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 38029389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypervalent iron intermediates have been invoked in the catalytic cycles of many metalloproteins, and thus, it is crucial to understand how the coupling between such species and their environment can impact their chemical and physical properties in such contexts. In this work, we take advantage of the solvent kinetic isotope effect (SKIE) to gain insight into the nonradiative deactivation of electronic excited states of the aqueous ferrate(VI) ion. We observe an exceptionally large SKIE of 9.7 for the nanosecond-scale relaxation of the lowest energy triplet ligand field state to the ground state. Proton inventory studies demonstrate that a single solvent O-H bond is coupled to the ion during deactivation, likely due to the sparse vibrational structure of ferrate(VI). Such a mechanism is consistent with that reported for the deactivation of f-f excited states of aqueous trivalent lanthanides, which exhibit comparably large SKIE values. This phenomenon is ascribed entirely to dissipation of energy into a higher overtone of a solvent acceptor mode, as any impact on the apparent relaxation rate due to a change in solvent viscosity is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali Antolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Danielle J Jacoby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Sophia M Tiano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Christopher J Otolski
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Anne Marie March
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Donald A Walko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Joseph E Goodwill
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Dugan Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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Reinhard M, Skoien D, Spies JA, Garcia-Esparza AT, Matson BD, Corbett J, Tian K, Safranek J, Granados E, Strader M, Gaffney KJ, Alonso-Mori R, Kroll T, Sokaras D. Solution phase high repetition rate laser pump x-ray probe picosecond hard x-ray spectroscopy at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:054304. [PMID: 37901682 PMCID: PMC10613086 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a dedicated end-station for solution phase high repetition rate (MHz) picosecond hard x-ray spectroscopy at beamline 15-2 of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource. A high-power ultrafast ytterbium-doped fiber laser is used to photoexcite the samples at a repetition rate of 640 kHz, while the data acquisition operates at the 1.28 MHz repetition rate of the storage ring recording data in an alternating on-off mode. The time-resolved x-ray measurements are enabled via gating the x-ray detectors with the 20 mA/70 ps camshaft bunch of SPEAR3, a mode available during the routine operations of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource. As a benchmark study, aiming to demonstrate the advantageous capabilities of this end-station, we have conducted picosecond Fe K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy on aqueous [FeII(phen)3]2+, a prototypical spin crossover complex that undergoes light-induced excited spin state trapping forming an electronic excited state with a 0.6-0.7 ns lifetime. In addition, we report transient Fe Kβ main line and valence-to-core x-ray emission spectra, showing a unique detection sensitivity and an excellent agreement with model spectra and density functional theory calculations, respectively. Notably, the achieved signal-to-noise ratio, the overall performance, and the routine availability of the developed end-station have enabled a systematic time-resolved science program using the monochromatic beam at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Reinhard
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dean Skoien
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeff Corbett
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kai Tian
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James Safranek
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Eduardo Granados
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Matthew Strader
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kelly J. Gaffney
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Thomas Kroll
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Ghosh S, Mukamel S, Govind N. A Combined Wave Function and Density Functional Approach for K-Edge X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy: A Case Study of Hydrated First-Row Transition Metal Ions. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:5203-5209. [PMID: 37257001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The prediction of X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of transition metal complexes has important and broad application areas in chemistry and biology. In this letter, we have investigated the predictive ability of multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT) for X-ray absorption spectra by calculating the metal K pre-edge features of aquated 3d transition metal ions in common oxidation states. MC-PDFT results were compared with experimentally measured spectra as well as analyzed against results from restricted active-space second-order perturbation theory (RASPT2) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). As expected, TDDFT performs well for excited states that can be accurately represented by singly excited configurations but fails for excited states where higher order excitations become important. On the other hand, both RASPT2 and MC-PDFT provide quantitatively accurate results for all excited states irrespective of their character. While core-level spectroscopy with RASPT2 is accurate, it is computationally expensive. Our results show that MC-PDFT performs equally well with significantly lower computational cost and is an encouraging alternate approach for X-ray spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Reinhard M, Gallo A, Guo M, Garcia-Esparza AT, Biasin E, Qureshi M, Britz A, Ledbetter K, Kunnus K, Weninger C, van Driel T, Robinson J, Glownia JM, Gaffney KJ, Kroll T, Weng TC, Alonso-Mori R, Sokaras D. Ferricyanide photo-aquation pathway revealed by combined femtosecond Kβ main line and valence-to-core x-ray emission spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2443. [PMID: 37147295 PMCID: PMC10163258 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliably identifying short-lived chemical reaction intermediates is crucial to elucidate reaction mechanisms but becomes particularly challenging when multiple transient species occur simultaneously. Here, we report a femtosecond x-ray emission spectroscopy and scattering study of the aqueous ferricyanide photochemistry, utilizing the combined Fe Kβ main and valence-to-core emission lines. Following UV-excitation, we observe a ligand-to-metal charge transfer excited state that decays within 0.5 ps. On this timescale, we also detect a hitherto unobserved short-lived species that we assign to a ferric penta-coordinate intermediate of the photo-aquation reaction. We provide evidence that bond photolysis occurs from reactive metal-centered excited states that are populated through relaxation of the charge transfer excited state. Beyond illuminating the elusive ferricyanide photochemistry, these results show how current limitations of Kβ main line analysis in assigning ultrafast reaction intermediates can be circumvented by simultaneously using the valence-to-core spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Reinhard
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | | | - Meiyuan Guo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Elisa Biasin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Kathryn Ledbetter
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Clemens Weninger
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tim van Driel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Kroll
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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Kinigstein ED, Otolski C, Jennings G, Doumy G, Walko DA, Zuo X, Guo J, March AM, Zhang X. Asynchronous x-ray multiprobe data acquisition for x-ray transient absorption spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:014714. [PMID: 36725554 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser pump X-ray Transient Absorption (XTA) spectroscopy offers unique insights into photochemical and photophysical phenomena. X-ray Multiprobe data acquisition (XMP DAQ) is a technique that acquires XTA spectra at thousands of pump-probe time delays in a single measurement, producing highly self-consistent XTA spectral dynamics. In this work, we report two new XTA data acquisition techniques that leverage the high performance of XMP DAQ in combination with High Repetition Rate (HRR) laser excitation: HRR-XMP and Asynchronous X-ray Multiprobe (AXMP). HRR-XMP uses a laser repetition rate up to 200 times higher than previous implementations of XMP DAQ and proportionally increases the data collection efficiency at each time delay. This allows HRR-XMP to acquire more high-quality XTA data in less time. AXMP uses a frequency mismatch between the laser and x-ray pulses to acquire XTA data at a flexibly defined set of pump-probe time delays with a spacing down to a few picoseconds. AXMP introduces a novel pump-probe synchronization concept that acquires data in clusters of time delays. The temporally inhomogeneous distribution of acquired data improves the attainable signal statistics at early times, making the AXMP synchronization concept useful for measuring sub-nanosecond dynamics with photon-starved techniques like XTA. In this paper, we demonstrate HRR-XMP and AXMP by measuring the laser-induced spectral dynamics of dilute aqueous solutions of Fe(CN)6 4- and [FeII(bpy)3]2+ (bpy: 2,2'-bipyridine), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Diego Kinigstein
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Christopher Otolski
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Guy Jennings
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Donald A Walko
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94702, USA
| | - Anne Marie March
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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8
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Antolini C, Spellman CD, Otolski CJ, Doumy G, March AM, Walko DA, Liu C, Zhang X, Young BT, Goodwill JE, Hayes D. Photochemical and Photophysical Dynamics of the Aqueous Ferrate(VI) Ion. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22514-22527. [PMID: 36454056 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Ferrate(VI) has the potential to play a key role in future water supplies. Its salts have been suggested as "green" alternatives to current advanced oxidation and disinfection methods in water treatment, especially when combined with ultraviolet light to stimulate generation of highly oxidizing Fe(V) and Fe(IV) species. However, the nature of these intermediates, the mechanisms by which they form, and their roles in downstream oxidation reactions remain unclear. Here, we use a combination of optical and X-ray transient absorption spectroscopies to study the formation, interconversion, and relaxation of several excited-state and metastable high-valent iron species following excitation of aqueous potassium ferrate(VI) by ultraviolet and visible light. Branching from the initially populated ligand-to-metal charge transfer state into independent photophysical and photochemical pathways occurs within tens of picoseconds, with the quantum yield for the generation of reactive Fe(V) species determined by relative rates of the competing intersystem crossing and reverse electron transfer processes. Relaxation of the metal-centered states then occurs within 4 ns, while the formation of metastable Fe(V) species occurs in several steps with time constants of 250 ps and 300 ns. Results here improve the mechanistic understanding of the formation and fate of Fe(V) and Fe(IV), which will accelerate the development of novel advanced oxidation processes for water treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali Antolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 45 Upper College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Charles D Spellman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 45 Upper College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Christopher J Otolski
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Anne Marie March
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Donald A Walko
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Benjamin T Young
- Department of Physical Sciences, Rhode Island College, 600 Mt Pleasant Avenue, Providence, Rhode Island 02908, United States
| | - Joseph E Goodwill
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 45 Upper College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Dugan Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 45 Upper College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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9
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Srivastava A, Naik RM, Rai J, Kumar I, Yaseen B, Gangwar C. Kinetic study of Hg(
II
)‐promoted substitution of cyanide from hexacyanoferrate(
II
) in an anionic surfactant medium by 2,2′‐bipyridine. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Radhey Mohan Naik
- Department of Chemistry Lucknow University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Jyoti Rai
- Department of Chemistry Lucknow University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Indresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Lucknow University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Bushra Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry Lucknow University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Chinky Gangwar
- Department of Chemistry Lucknow University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
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10
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Ghosh S, Agarwal H, Galib M, Tran B, Balasubramanian M, Singh N, Fulton JL, Govind N. Near-Quantitative Predictions of the First-Shell Coordination Structure of Hydrated First-Row Transition Metal Ions Using K-Edge X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6323-6330. [PMID: 35793526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The solvation structure of transition metal ions is important for applications in geochemistry, biochemistry, energy storage, and environmental chemistry. We study the X-ray absorption pre-edge and near-edge spectra at the K-edge of a nearly complete series of hydrated first-row transition metal ions with d orbital occupancy from d2 to d10. We optimize all of the structures at the density functional theory (DFT) level with explicit solvation and then compute the pre-edge X-ray absorption spectra with time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) and restricted active space second-order perturbation theory (RASPT2). TDDFT provides accurate results for spectra that are dominated by single excitations, while RASPT2 correctly distinguishes between singly and doubly excited states with quantitative accuracy compared with experiment. We analyze the pre-edge features for each metal ion to reveal the impact of the variations in d orbital occupancy on the first-shell coordination environment. We also report the lowest-energy ligand field d-d transitions using complete active space second-order perturbation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Harsh Agarwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mirza Galib
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ba Tran
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Nirala Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John L Fulton
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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11
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Nascimento DR, Govind N. Computational approaches for XANES, VtC-XES, and RIXS using linear-response time-dependent density functional theory based methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14680-14691. [PMID: 35699090 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01132h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of state-of-the-art X-ray light sources has paved the way for novel spectroscopies that take advantage of their atomic specificity to shed light on fundamental physical, chemical, and biological processes both in the static and time domains. The success of these experiments hinges on the ability to interpret and predict core-level spectra, which has opened avenues for theory to play a key role. Over the last two decades, linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT), despite various theoretical challenges, has become a computationally attractive and versatile framework to study excited-state spectra including X-ray spectroscopies. In this context, we focus our discussion on LR-TDDFT approaches for the computation of X-ray Near-Edge Structure (XANES), Valence-to-Core X-ray Emission (VtC-XES), and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) spectroscopies in molecular systems with an emphasis on Gaussian basis set implementations. We illustrate these approaches with applications and provide a brief outlook of possible new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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12
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Srivastava A, Naik RM, Rai J, Asthana A. Ag(I)-Promoted Substitution of Cyanide from Hexacyanoferrate(II) with Pyrazine: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421130227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Cannelli O, Colonna N, Puppin M, Rossi TC, Kinschel D, Leroy LMD, Löffler J, Budarz JM, March AM, Doumy G, Al Haddad A, Tu MF, Kumagai Y, Walko D, Smolentsev G, Krieg F, Boehme SC, Kovalenko MV, Chergui M, Mancini GF. Quantifying Photoinduced Polaronic Distortions in Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9048-9059. [PMID: 34075753 PMCID: PMC8227469 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of next-generation perovskite-based optoelectronic devices relies critically on the understanding of the interaction between charge carriers and the polar lattice in out-of-equilibrium conditions. While it has become increasingly evident for CsPbBr3 perovskites that the Pb-Br framework flexibility plays a key role in their light-activated functionality, the corresponding local structural rearrangement has not yet been unambiguously identified. In this work, we demonstrate that the photoinduced lattice changes in the system are due to a specific polaronic distortion, associated with the activation of a longitudinal optical phonon mode at 18 meV by electron-phonon coupling, and we quantify the associated structural changes with atomic-level precision. Key to this achievement is the combination of time-resolved and temperature-dependent studies at Br K and Pb L3 X-ray absorption edges with refined ab initio simulations, which fully account for the screened core-hole final state effects on the X-ray absorption spectra. From the temporal kinetics, we show that carrier recombination reversibly unlocks the structural deformation at both Br and Pb sites. The comparison with the temperature-dependent XAS results rules out thermal effects as the primary source of distortion of the Pb-Br bonding motif during photoexcitation. Our work provides a comprehensive description of the CsPbBr3 perovskites' photophysics, offering novel insights on the light-induced response of the system and its exceptional optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliviero Cannelli
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Spectroscopy (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Colonna
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul
Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- National
Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Puppin
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Spectroscopy (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas C. Rossi
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Spectroscopy (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Kinschel
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Spectroscopy (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludmila M. D. Leroy
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Spectroscopy (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- LabCri, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo
Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Janina Löffler
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Spectroscopy (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James M. Budarz
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Spectroscopy (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Marie March
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United
States
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United
States
| | - Andre Al Haddad
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United
States
| | - Ming-Feng Tu
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United
States
| | - Yoshiaki Kumagai
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United
States
| | - Donald Walko
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Franziska Krieg
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Simon C. Boehme
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Spectroscopy (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia F. Mancini
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Spectroscopy (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Liekhus-Schmaltz CE, Ho PJ, Weakly RB, Aquila A, Schoenlein RW, Khalil M, Govind N. Ultrafast x-ray pump x-ray probe transient absorption spectroscopy: A computational study and proposed experiment probing core-valence electronic correlations in solvated complexes. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:214107. [PMID: 34240961 DOI: 10.1063/5.0047381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond x-ray pump-x-ray probe experiments are currently possible at free electron lasers such as the linac coherent light source, which opens new opportunities for studying solvated transition metal complexes. In order to make the most effective use of these kinds of experiments, it is necessary to determine which chemical properties an x-ray probe pulse will measure. We have combined electron cascade calculations and excited-state time-dependent density functional theory calculations to predict the initial state prepared by an x-ray pump and the subsequent x-ray probe spectra at the Fe K-edge in the solvated model transition metal complex, K4FeII(CN)6. We find several key spectral features that report on the ligand-field splitting and the 3p and 3d electron interactions. We then show how these features could be measured in an experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phay J Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Robert B Weakly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Andrew Aquila
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Robert W Schoenlein
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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15
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Gu B, Cavaletto SM, Nascimento DR, Khalil M, Govind N, Mukamel S. Manipulating valence and core electronic excitations of a transition-metal complex using UV/Vis and X-ray cavities. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8088-8095. [PMID: 34194698 PMCID: PMC8208133 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01774h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate how optical cavities can be exploited to control both valence- and core-excitations in a prototypical model transition metal complex, ferricyanide ([Fe(iii)(CN)6]3-), in an aqueous environment. The spectroscopic signatures of hybrid light-matter polariton states are revealed in UV/Vis and X-ray absorption, and stimulated X-ray Raman signals. In an UV/Vis cavity, the absorption spectrum exhibits the single-polariton states arising from the cavity photon mode coupling to both resonant and off-resonant valence-excited states. We further show that nonlinear stimulated X-ray Raman signals can selectively probe the bipolariton states via cavity-modified Fe core-excited states. This unveils the correlation between valence polaritons and dressed core-excitations. In an X-ray cavity, core-polaritons are generated and their correlations with the bare valence-excitations appear in the linear and nonlinear X-ray spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Stefano M Cavaletto
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Daniel R Nascimento
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
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16
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Khalil M, Mukamel S. Ultrafast spectroscopy and diffraction from XUV to x-ray. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:100401. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0026054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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17
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Ledbetter K, Reinhard ME, Kunnus K, Gallo A, Britz A, Biasin E, Glownia JM, Nelson S, Van Driel TB, Weninger C, Zederkof DB, Haldrup K, Cordones AA, Gaffney KJ, Sokaras D, Alonso-Mori R. Excited state charge distribution and bond expansion of ferrous complexes observed with femtosecond valence-to-core x-ray emission spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:074203. [PMID: 32087640 DOI: 10.1063/1.5139441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Valence-to-core x-ray emission spectroscopy (VtC XES) combines the sample flexibility and element specificity of hard x-rays with the chemical environment sensitivity of valence spectroscopy. We extend this technique to study geometric and electronic structural changes induced by photoexcitation in the femtosecond time domain via laser-pump, x-ray probe experiments using an x-ray free electron laser. The results of time-resolved VtC XES on a series of ferrous complexes [Fe(CN)2n(2, 2'-bipyridine)3-n]-2n+2, n = 1, 2, 3, are presented. Comparisons of spectra obtained from ground state density functional theory calculations reveal signatures of excited state bond length and oxidation state changes. An oxidation state change associated with a metal-to-ligand charge transfer state with a lifetime of less than 100 fs is observed, as well as bond length changes associated with metal-centered excited states with lifetimes of 13 ps and 250 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Ledbetter
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Marco E Reinhard
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kristjan Kunnus
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alessandro Gallo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alexander Britz
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Elisa Biasin
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James M Glownia
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Tim B Van Driel
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Clemens Weninger
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Diana B Zederkof
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Amy A Cordones
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kelly J Gaffney
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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