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Tian L, Zhang Q, Cong Y, Yan W. Preparation, Identification and Application of β-Lactoglobulin Hydrolysates with Oral Immune Tolerance. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020307. [PMID: 36673400 PMCID: PMC9857568 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To reveal, for the first time, the mechanism of T cell epitope release from β-lactoglobulin that induces oral immune tolerance, a strategy for the prediction, preparation, identification and application of β-lactoglobulin hydrolysate with oral immune tolerance was established using the bioinformatics method, hydrolysis, mass spectrometry, T cell proliferation assays and animal experiments. Some T cell epitope peptides of β-lactoglobulin were identified for the first time. The hydrolysates of trypsin, protamex and papain showed oral tolerance, among which the hydrolysates of protamex and papain have been reported for the first time. Although the neutral protease hydrolysate contained T cell epitopes, it still had allergenicity. The mechanism behind oral immune tolerance induction by T cell epitopes needs to be further revealed. In addition, the trypsin hydrolysate with abundant T cell epitopes was added to whey protein to prepare the product for oral immune tolerance. Overall, this study provides insights into the development of new anti-allergic milk-based products and their application in the clinical treatment of milk allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghan Tian
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanjun Cong
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Wenjie Yan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
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2
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Vandenplas Y. Early Life and Nutrition and Allergy Development. Nutrients 2022; 14:282. [PMID: 35057463 PMCID: PMC8779902 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Much evidence has been accumulated over recent years on the importance of the first 1000 days of a child's life, starting from conception to the postnatal age of two years, with regard to the risk of developing allergic disease [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Bourdeau T, Affolter M, Dupuis L, Panchaud A, Lahrichi S, Merminod L, Martin-Paschoud C, Adams R, Nutten S, Blanchard C. Peptide Characterization and Functional Stability of a Partially Hydrolyzed Whey-Based Formula over Time. Nutrients 2021; 13:3011. [PMID: 34578889 PMCID: PMC8465316 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human clinical trials have shown that a specific partially hydrolyzed 100% whey-based infant formula (pHF-W) reduces AD risk in the first yeast of life. Meta-analyses with a specific pHF-W (pHF-W1) confirm a protective effect while other meta-analyses pooling different pHF-W show conflicting results. Here we investigated the molecular composition and functional properties of the specific pHF-W1 as well as the stability of its manufacturing process over time. This specific pHF-W1 was compared with other pHF-Ws. We used size exclusion chromatography to characterize the peptide molecular weight (MW), a rat basophil degranulation assay to assess the relative level of beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) allergenicity and a preclinical model of oral tolerance induction to test prevention of allergic sensitization. To analyze the exact peptide sequences before and after an HLA binding assay, a mass cytometry approach was used. Peptide size allergenicity and oral tolerance induction were conserved across pHF-W1 batches of production and time. The median MW of the 37 samples of pHF-W1 tested was 800 ± 400 Da. Further oral tolerance induction was observed using 10 different batches of the pHF-W1 with a mean reduction of BLG-specific IgE levels of 0.76 log (95% CI = -0.95; -0.57). When comparing pHF-W1 with three other formulas (pHF-W2 3 and 4), peptide size was not necessarily associated with allergenicity reduction in vitro nor oral tolerance induction in vivo as measured by specific IgE level (p < 0.05 for pHF-W1 and 2 and p = 0.271 and p = 0.189 for pHF-W3 and 4 respectively). Peptide composition showed a limited overlap between the formulas tested ranging from 11.7% to 24.2%. Furthermore nine regions in the BLG sequence were identified as binding HLA-DR. In conclusion, not all pHF-Ws tested have the same peptide size distribution decreased allergenicity and ability to induce oral tolerance. Specific peptides are released during the different processes used by different infant formula producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Bourdeau
- Gastrointestinal Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (T.B.); (C.M.-P.)
| | - Michael Affolter
- Analytical Sciences Department, Nestlé Institute of Food Safety & Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.A.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Lénaïck Dupuis
- Biometrics, Clinical Development Unit, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Alexandre Panchaud
- Analytical Sciences Department, Nestlé Institute of Food Safety & Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.A.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Sabine Lahrichi
- Analytical Sciences Department, Nestlé Institute of Food Safety & Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.A.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Loraine Merminod
- Analytical Sciences Department, Nestlé Institute of Food Safety & Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.A.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Christine Martin-Paschoud
- Gastrointestinal Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (T.B.); (C.M.-P.)
| | - Rachel Adams
- Cultivate: Nutrition Content + Strategy, Decatur, TX 76234, USA;
| | | | - Carine Blanchard
- Gastrointestinal Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (T.B.); (C.M.-P.)
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4
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El-Hodhod MA, El-Shabrawi MHF, AlBadi A, Hussein A, Almehaidib A, Nasrallah B, AlBassam EM, El Feghali H, Isa HM, Al Saraf K, Sokhn M, Adeli M, Al-Sawi NMM, Hage P, Al-Hammadi S. Consensus statement on the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of cow's milk protein allergy in the Middle East: a modified Delphi-based study. World J Pediatr 2021; 17:576-589. [PMID: 34817828 PMCID: PMC8639571 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-021-00476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop an expert consensus regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in the Middle East. METHODS A three-step modified Delphi method was utilized to develop the consensus. Fifteen specialized pediatricians participated in the development of this consensus. Each statement was considered a consensus if it achieved an agreement level of ≥ 80%. RESULTS The experts agreed that the double-blind placebo-controlled oral challenge test (OCT) should be performed for 2-4 weeks using an amino acid formula (AAF) in formula-fed infants or children with suspected CMPA. Formula-fed infants with confirmed CMPA should be offered a therapeutic formula. The panel stated that an extensively hydrolyzed formula (eHF) is indicated in the absence of red flag signs. At the same time, the AAF is offered for infants with red flag signs, such as severe anaphylactic reactions. The panel agreed that infants on an eHF with resolved symptoms within 2-4 weeks should continue the eHF with particular attention to the growth and nutritional status. On the other hand, an AAF should be considered for infants with persistent symptoms; the AAF should be continued if the symptoms resolve within 2-4 weeks, with particular attention to the growth and nutritional status. In cases with no symptomatic improvements after the introduction of an AAF, other measures should be followed. The panel developed a management algorithm, which achieved an agreement level of 90.9%. CONCLUSION This consensus document combined the best available evidence and clinical experience to optimize the management of CMPA in the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa A. El-Hodhod
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt ,grid.412319.c0000 0004 1765 2101Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mortada H. F. El-Shabrawi
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ,International Pediatric Association (IPA), Marengo, USA ,International Society of Tropical Pediatrics (ISTP), Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Ali Almehaidib
- grid.415310.20000 0001 2191 4301Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ebtsam Mohammed AlBassam
- Nutrition Service Department, King Faisal Specialist and Research Center Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hasan M. Isa
- grid.416646.70000 0004 0621 3322Pediatric Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain ,grid.411424.60000 0001 0440 9653Pediatric department, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Khaled Al Saraf
- Pediatrics Department, Dar Al Shifa Hospital, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Maroun Sokhn
- grid.33070.370000 0001 2288 0342Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Department, Saint George University Medical Center, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mehdi Adeli
- grid.467063.00000 0004 0397 4222Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Pierre Hage
- grid.33070.370000 0001 2288 0342Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Suleiman Al-Hammadi
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Building 14, 505055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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5
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Immune Effects of the Nitrated Food Allergen Beta-Lactoglobulin in an Experimental Food Allergy Model. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102463. [PMID: 31618852 PMCID: PMC6835712 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Food proteins may get nitrated by various exogenous or endogenous mechanisms. As individuals might get recurrently exposed to nitrated proteins via daily diet, we aimed to investigate the effect of repeatedly ingested nitrated food proteins on the subsequent immune response in non-allergic and allergic mice using the milk allergen beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) as model food protein in a mouse model. Evaluating the presence of nitrated proteins in food, we could detect 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in extracts of different foods and in stomach content extracts of non-allergic mice under physiological conditions. Chemically nitrated BLG (BLGn) exhibited enhanced susceptibility to degradation in simulated gastric fluid experiments compared to untreated BLG (BLGu). Gavage of BLGn to non-allergic animals increased interferon-γ and interleukin-10 release of stimulated spleen cells and led to the formation of BLG-specific serum IgA. Allergic mice receiving three oral gavages of BLGn had higher levels of mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) compared to allergic mice receiving BLGu. Regardless of the preceding immune status, non-allergic or allergic, repeatedly ingested nitrated food proteins seem to considerably influence the subsequent immune response.
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6
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Vandenplas Y, Al-Hussaini B, Al-Mannaei K, Al-Sunaid A, Helmi Ayesh W, El-Degeir M, El-Kabbany N, Haddad J, Hashmi A, Kreishan F, Tawfik E. Prevention of Allergic Sensitization and Treatment of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in Early Life: The Middle-East Step-Down Consensus. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071444. [PMID: 31248015 PMCID: PMC6683055 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy risk has become a significant public health issue with increasing prevalence. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life, but this recommendation is poorly adhered to in many parts of the world, including the Middle-East region, putting infants at risk of developing allergic sensitization and disorders. When breastfeeding is not possible or not adequate, a partially hydrolyzed whey formula (pHF-W) has shown proven benefits of preventing allergy, mainly atopic eczema, in children with a genetic risk. Therefore, besides stimulating breastfeeding, early identification of infants at risk for developing atopic disease and replacing commonly used formula based on intact cow milk protein (CMP) with a clinically proven pHF-W formula is of paramount importance for allergy prevention. If the child is affected by cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA), expert guidelines recommend extensively hydrolyzed formula (eHF), or an amino acid formula (AAF) in case of severe symptoms. The Middle-East region has a unique practice of utilizing pHF-W as a step-down between eHF or AAF and intact CMP, which could be of benefit. The region is very heterogeneous with different levels of clinical practice, and as allergic disorders may be seen by healthcare professionals of different specialties with different levels of expertise, there is a great variability in preventive and treatment approaches within the region itself. During a consensus meeting, a new approach was discussed and unanimously approved by all participants, introducing the use of pHF-W in the therapeutic management of CMPA. This novel approach could be of worldwide benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrijne Unversiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Bakr Al-Hussaini
- Department of Paediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khaled Al-Mannaei
- Department of Paediatrics, Al Salam International Hospital, Dasma 35151, Kuwait.
| | - Areej Al-Sunaid
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wafaa Helmi Ayesh
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Dubai Health Authority, PO Box 4545 Dubai, UAE.
| | - Manal El-Degeir
- Department of Paediatrics, National Guard Hospital, Dammam 31412, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nevine El-Kabbany
- Department of Paediatrics, Mediclinic Welcare Hospital, PO Box 31500 Dubai, UAE.
| | - Joseph Haddad
- Department of Paediatrics, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Balamand University, PO Box 166378 Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Aziza Hashmi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City-Jeddah, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Furat Kreishan
- Department of Paediatrics, Alhakeem Furat Clinic, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Eslam Tawfik
- Department of Paediatrics, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, PO Box 51900 Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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7
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Dalla Costa G, Romeo M, Esposito F, Sangalli F, Colombo B, Radaelli M, Moiola L, Comi G, Martinelli V. Caesarean section and infant formula feeding are associated with an earlier age of onset of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 33:75-77. [PMID: 31158806 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mode of delivery and lactation are among the earliest factors influencing gut microbiota composition and potentially MS risk, but their contribution to MS susceptibility has been controversial. We investigated whether these factors could influence age at MS onset (AAO) on 2055 RRMS patients (mean age 28.4 years). Patients born by means of a caesarean section (10.9%) had an earlier AAO than those born through natural delivery (-5.2 years, p < 0.001). Patients fed with infant formula had an earlier AAO compared to patients breastfed, particularly considering those breastfed for at least 6 months (-4.2 years, p < 0.001). The association of vaginal delivery and natural breastfeeding with a later AAO of MS was particularly apparent in patients without a family history of MS, while disappeared in patients with familiarity for MS. The results suggest these modifiable environmental factors which act at the population level may have an influence on the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Dalla Costa
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Romeo
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Esposito
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sangalli
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Colombo
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Radaelli
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Moiola
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Martinelli
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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8
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Iwamoto H, Matsubara T, Okamoto T, Matsumoto T, Yoshikawa M, Takeda Y. Ingestion of Casein Hydrolysate Induces Oral Tolerance and Suppresses Subsequent Epicutaneous Sensitization and Development of Anaphylaxis Reaction to Casein in Mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 179:221-230. [DOI: 10.1159/000497410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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9
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Gouw JW, Jo J, Meulenbroek LAPM, Heijjer TS, Kremer E, Sandalova E, Knulst AC, Jeurink PV, Garssen J, Rijnierse A, Knippels LMJ. Identification of peptides with tolerogenic potential in a hydrolysed whey-based infant formula. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1345-1353. [PMID: 29974988 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure to induce oral tolerance may result in food allergy. Hydrolysed cow's milk-based infant formulas are recommended in subjects with a high risk of developing allergic disease. Presentation of T cell epitopes is a prerequisite to generate regulatory T cells that could contribute to oral tolerance. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a specific hydrolysed whey-based infant formula contains peptides that function as T cell epitopes to support the development of oral tolerance to whey. METHODS First, a novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed to characterize β-lactoglobulin-derived peptides present in a specific infant formula with a focus on region AA#13-48 of β-lactoglobulin, which has previously been described to contain T cell epitopes with tolerogenic potential. Second, the formula was subjected to the ProImmune ProPresent® antigen presentation assay and MHC class II binding algorithm to identify relevant HLA-DRB1-restricted peptides. Third, identified peptides were tested on human cow's milk protein-specific T cell lines to determine T cell recognition. RESULTS Thirteen peptides of minimal 9AAs long that overlap with AA#13-48 of β-lactoglobulin were identified. Six of them were found across all batches analysed. It was further confirmed that these peptides were processed and presented by human dendritic cells. The identified HLA-DRB1-restricted peptides were correlated to AA#11-30 and AA#23-39 of β-lactoglobulin. Importantly, the proliferation assay showed that the synthetic peptides were recognized by cow's milk protein-specific T cell lines and induced T cell proliferation. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrates that the tested hydrolysed infant formula contains functional HLA-DRB1-restricted T cell epitopes, which can potentially support the development of oral tolerance to whey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost W Gouw
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Juandy Jo
- Danone Nutricia Research, Singapore.,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A P M Meulenbroek
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Sam Heijjer
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erica Kremer
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Sandalova
- Danone Nutricia Research, Singapore.,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - André C Knulst
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Prescilla V Jeurink
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Léon M J Knippels
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Immunological analysis of food proteins using high-performance thin-layer chromatography-immunostaining. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1526:157-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Kostadinova AI, Middelburg J, Ciulla M, Garssen J, Hennink WE, Knippels LMJ, van Nostrum CF, Willemsen LEM. PLGA nanoparticles loaded with beta-lactoglobulin-derived peptides modulate mucosal immunity and may facilitate cow's milk allergy prevention. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:211-220. [PMID: 29079360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beta-lactoglobulin (BLG)-derived peptides may facilitate oral tolerance to whey and prevent cow's milk allergy (CMA). Loading of BLG-peptides in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (Pep-NP) may improve this. Here we studied the uptake of NP and the capacity of NP and Pep-NP to activate bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDC). Furthermore, CMA prevention was evaluated by orally exposing three-week-old female C3H/HeOuJ mice to Pep-NP, NP or free peptides (PepMix) for 6 days before oral sensitization with whole whey protein and effects on the spleen and small intestine lamina propria (SI-LP) were studied. In BMDC, NP and Pep-NP enhanced CD40 expression and IL-6 and TNF-α secretion, while tended to decrease CD80 expression and prevented PepMix-induced IL-12 secretion. In vivo, oral exposure to Pep-NP, but not NP or PepMix, prior to whey sensitization tended to partially prevent the acute allergic skin response to whole whey protein. Splenocytes of NP-pre-exposed mice secreted increased levels of whey-specific IL-6, but this was silenced in Pep-NP-pre-exposed mice which also showed reduced TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion. In the SI-LP, Pep-NP pre-exposure reduced the CD4+ T cell frequency in CMA mice compared to PBS pre-exposure. In addition, while NP increased whey-specific IL-6 secretion in the SI-LP, Pep-NP did not and maintained regulatory TGF-β secretion. This study presents a proof-of-concept that PLGA nanoparticles facilitate the capacity of BLG peptides to suppress the allergic response to whole whey protein. Hence, PLGA nanoparticles may be further developed as an adjunct strategy for BLG-peptide-based oral tolerance induction and CMA prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanaska I Kostadinova
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jim Middelburg
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Ciulla
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon M J Knippels
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelus F van Nostrum
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linette E M Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Kostadinova AI, Pablos-Tanarro A, Diks MAP, van Esch BCAM, Garssen J, Knippels LMJ, Willemsen LEM. Dietary Intervention with β-Lactoglobulin-Derived Peptides and a Specific Mixture of Fructo-Oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V Facilitates the Prevention of Whey-Induced Allergy in Mice by Supporting a Tolerance-Prone Immune Environment. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1303. [PMID: 29123515 PMCID: PMC5662887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk allergy (CMA) prevails in infants and brings increased risk of developing other allergic diseases. Oral administration of specific β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-derived peptides (PepMix) and a specific blend of short- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V (FF/Bb) was found to partially prevent CMA development in mice. In this study, we aimed to expand the knowledge on the preventive potential and the underlying mechanisms of this approach. Three-week-old female C3H/HeOuJ mice were orally exposed to PepMix±FF/Bb prior to a 5-week oral sensitization with whole whey and cholera toxin as an adjuvant. The acute allergic skin response was determined after an intradermal challenge with whole whey protein. Following an oral challenge with whey, regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the small intestine lamina propria (SI-LP) and mRNA expression of immune markers in the Peyer's patches (PP) were investigated. The early impact of PepMix and FF/Bb interventions on the immune system during the oral tolerance (OT) induction phase was investigated after the last OT administration. Pre-exposing mice to PepMix+FF/Bb partially prevented the acute allergic skin response compared to PBS and increased Tregs and activated T cells in the SI-LP compared to sham-sensitized mice. It also increased the mRNA expression of Tbet over GATA3 in the PP of whey-sensitized mice. Directly upon the 6-day OT phase, FF/Bb intervention enhanced cecal content levels of propionic and butyric acid in PepMix-fed mice and the former was positively correlated with Foxp3+ cell numbers in the colon. In the PP of PepMix+FF/Bb-exposed mice, IL-22 mRNA expression increased and IL-10 followed the same tendency, while the Foxp3 expression was increased over GATA3 and RorγT. In the colon, the Tbet mRNA expression increased over GATA3, while IL-22 decreased. In addition, the Foxp3+/GATA3+ and regulatory/effector T cell ratios in the mesenteric lymph nodes and the CD11b+/CD11b- conventional dendritic cells ratio in the SI-LP were increased. In conclusion, the FF/Bb diet facilitates the capacity of the specific BLG-peptides to partially prevent the allergic response after sensitization to whole whey protein, possibly by creating a tolerance-prone environment during the OT phase. Such a dietary intervention might contribute to tailoring successful strategies for CMA prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanaska I Kostadinova
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alba Pablos-Tanarro
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara A P Diks
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Betty C A M van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Léon M J Knippels
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linette E M Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Lozano-Ojalvo D, López-Fandiño R. Immunomodulating peptides for food allergy prevention and treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1629-1649. [PMID: 28102702 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1275519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the most promising strategies currently assayed against IgE-mediated allergic diseases stands the possibility of using immunomodulating peptides to induce oral tolerance toward offending food allergens or even to prevent allergic sensitization. This review focuses on the beneficial effects of food derived immunomodulating peptides on food allergy, which can be directly exerted in the intestinal tract or once being absorbed through the intestinal epithelial barrier to interact with immune cells. Food peptides influence intestinal homeostasis by maintaining and reinforcing barrier function or affecting intestinal cell-signalling to nearby immune cells and mucus secretion. In addition, they can stimulate cells of the innate and adaptive immune system while supressing inflammatory responses. Peptides represent an attractive alternative to whole allergens to enhance the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy treatments. The conclusions drawn from curative and preventive experiments in murine models are promising, although there is a need for more pre-clinical studies to further explore the immunomodulating strategy and its mechanisms and for a deeper knowledge of the peptide sequence and structural requirements that determine the immunoregulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- a Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- a Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Madrid , Spain
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Lozano-Ojalvo D, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Pablos-Tanarro A, López-Fandiño R, Molina E. Pepsin treatment of whey proteins under high pressure produces hypoallergenic hydrolysates. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Kiewiet MBG, van Esch BCAM, Garssen J, Faas MM, de Vos P. Partially hydrolyzed whey proteins prevent clinical symptoms in a cow's milk allergy mouse model and enhance regulatory T and B cell frequencies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mensiena B. Gea Kiewiet
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Betty C. A. M. van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marijke M. Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; RB Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; RB Groningen The Netherlands
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16
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17
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Kostadinova AI, Meulenbroek LAPM, van Esch BCAM, Hofman GA, Garssen J, Willemsen LEM, Knippels LMJ. A Specific Mixture of Fructo-Oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V Facilitates Partial Non-Responsiveness to Whey Protein in Mice Orally Exposed to β-Lactoglobulin-Derived Peptides. Front Immunol 2017; 7:673. [PMID: 28127297 PMCID: PMC5226939 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral tolerance is a promising approach for allergy prevention in early life, but it strongly depends on allergen exposure and proper immune environment. Small tolerance-inducing peptides and dietary immunomodulatory components may comprise an attractive method for allergy prevention in at-risk infants. This study aimed to investigate whether early oral exposure to β-lactoglobulin-derived peptides (BLG-peptides) and a specific synbiotic mixture of short- and long- chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS/lcFOS, FF) and Bifidobacterium breve (Bb) M-16V (FF/Bb) can prevent cow’s milk allergy (CMA). Three-week-old female C3H/HeOuJ mice were orally exposed to phosphate buffered saline (PBS), whey protein, or a mixture of four synthetic BLG-peptides combined with a FF/Bb-enriched diet prior to intragastric sensitization with whey protein and cholera toxin. To assess the acute allergic skin response and clinical signs of allergy, mice were challenged intradermally with whole whey protein. Serum immunoglobulins were analyzed after a whey protein oral challenge. Cytokine production by allergen-reactivated splenocytes was measured and changes in T cells subsets in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and intestinal lamina propria were investigated. Pre-exposing mice to a low dosage of BLG-peptides and a FF/Bb-enriched diet prior to whey protein sensitization resulted in a significant reduction of the acute allergic skin response to whey compared to PBS-pretreated mice fed a control diet. Serum immunoglobulins were not affected, but anaphylactic symptom scores remained low and splenocytes were non-responsive in whey-induced cytokine production. In addition, preservation of the Th1/Th2 balance in the small intestine lamina propria was a hallmark of the mechanism underlying the protective effect of the BLG-peptides–FF/Bb intervention. Prior exposure to BLG-peptides and a FF/Bb-enriched diet is a promising approach for protecting the intestinal Th1/Th2 balance and reducing the allergic response to whole whey protein. Therefore, it might have implications for developing successful nutritional strategies for CMA prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanaska I Kostadinova
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Betty C A M van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerard A Hofman
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linette E M Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Léon M J Knippels
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Lozano-Ojalvo D, Molina E, López-Fandiño R. Hypoallergenic hydrolysates of egg white proteins modulate allergen responses induced ex vivo on spleen cells from sensitized mice. Food Res Int 2016; 89:661-669. [PMID: 28460964 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the in vivo allergenicity of enzymatic hydrolysates of egg white proteins (ovalbumin, lysozyme and ovomucoid) and explores the possibility that they could modulate T cell cytokine responses to egg allergens ex vivo, using splenocytes from BALB/c mice sensitized to individual egg proteins or to their mixtures in different proportions. The hydrolysate of ovalbumin with pepsin could be regarded as a good candidate for peptide-based immunotherapy on the grounds of its reduced ability to trigger allergic symptoms in a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis assay and its potential to reduce Th2 responses (release of IL-4 and IL-5) induced by egg allergens in the spleen cell cultures, but also to enhance Th1 responses (release of TNF-α and IFN-γ). While it is possible to obtain chromatographic fractions containing peptides with different Th2-inhibiting or promoting properties, as judged by cytokine production, selective peptide enrichment did not lead to an increase in the immunomodulating efficiency as compared with the whole ovalbumin hydrolysate, possibly due to the presence in the latter of a combination of immunogenic peptides with synergistic or adjuvant actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Nath A, Mondal S, Kanjilal T, Chakraborty S, Curcio S, Bhattacharjee C. Synthesis and functionality of proteinacious nutraceuticals from casein whey—A clean and safe route of valorization of dairy waste. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Hacini-Rachinel F, Vissers YM, Doucet-Ladevéze R, Blanchard C, Demont A, Perrot M, Panchaud A, Prioult G, Mercenier A, Nutten S. Low-allergenic hydrolyzed egg induces oral tolerance in mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 164:64-73. [PMID: 24902890 DOI: 10.1159/000363110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egg allergy is one of the most common food allergies in children. The standard therapy for egg allergy is strict avoidance. Yet, there is considerable clinical and scientific interest in primary or secondary prevention. A major drawback of oral tolerance (OT) induction protocols, however, is the possibility of severe side effects; thus, we have formulated a hypoallergenic egg product and demonstrate its in vivo capacity to modulate the immune system in the current study. METHODS Hydrolyzed egg (HE) was produced using a combination of moderate heat treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. The capacity of HE to induce OT was tested in experimental models and compared to whole egg (WE). Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, immune markers and potential early markers of OT were analyzed. RESULTS Allergic responses, assessed by both DTH responses upon OVA challenge and serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG1, were decreased after treatment with HE and WE compared to the control group. Additionally, feeding WE and HE significantly decreased Th2 cytokine induction and cell proliferation, induced the activation of effector CD4+ T cells and increased numbers and percentages of ICOS+CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells. Furthermore, DO11.10 mouse experiments showed that HE contains other peptides than the OVA323-339 peptide that are able to induce tolerance to OVA. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, results showed that HE induces OT in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Due to its low allergenicity compared to WE, it may represent a safer alternative for OT induction in at-risk subjects or oral immunotherapy in allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feriel Hacini-Rachinel
- Allergy Group, Nutrition and Health Research, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Rodríguez-Carrio J, Fernández A, Riera FA, Suárez A. Immunomodulatory activities of whey β-lactoglobulin tryptic-digested fractions. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Meulenbroek LAPM, van Esch BCAM, Hofman GA, den Hartog Jager CF, Nauta AJ, Willemsen LEM, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CAFM, Garssen J, van Hoffen E, Knippels LMJ. Oral treatment with β-lactoglobulin peptides prevents clinical symptoms in a mouse model for cow's milk allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24:656-64. [PMID: 24028387 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior exposure to partial whey hydrolysates has been shown to reduce the allergic response to whey in mice. This effect was more pronounced in combination with a diet containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS). It is unknown which fractions/epitopes are responsible for this effect. Therefore, the prophylactic ability of synthetic peptides of β-lactoglobulin with/without a scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS-containing diet to reduce the allergic response in a mouse model for cow's milk allergy was investigated. METHODS Of 31 peptides, nine peptides were selected based on human T cell data. Mice were pre-treated orally with three peptide mixtures or single peptides for six consecutive days. During this period, they received a control or scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS-containing diet. Subsequently, mice were orally sensitized to whey and received an intradermal and oral challenge. After sacrifice, serum and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were collected for further analysis. RESULTS Prior exposure to peptide mixtures 1 and 3 significantly reduced the acute allergic skin response to whey. Mixture 2 showed no effect. An additive effect of the scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS-containing diet was only observed for mixture 1. Of the peptides in mixture 1, one peptide (LLDAQSAPLRVYVEELKP) showed the strongest effect on the acute allergic skin response. This peptide also tended to decrease whey-specific antibody levels and to increase the percentages of CD11b+CD103+ dendritic cells and CD25+Foxp3+ T cells in the MLN. CONCLUSIONS Prior exposure to specific peptides of β-lactoglobulin reduces the allergic response to whey, which may involve regulatory dendritic and T cells. Combining peptides with a sGOS/lcFOS/pAOS-containing diet enhances this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A P M Meulenbroek
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kostadinova AI, Willemsen LEM, Knippels LMJ, Garssen J. Immunotherapy - risk/benefit in food allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24:633-44. [PMID: 24112425 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy is a growing health concern in the westernized world with approx. 6% of children suffering from it. A lack of approved treatment has led to strict avoidance of the culprit food proteins being the only standard of care. Nowadays in-depth research is conducted to evaluate the possible use of allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) as an active therapeutic option for food allergy. Various routes of administration for the immunotherapy are investigated, including subcutaneous, oral, sublingual, and epicutaneous, and some appear to be successful in inducing a temporary tolerant state. Most research has been conducted with oral immunotherapy due to its efficacious and relatively safe profile. Increasing interest is dedicated to safer and more convenient approaches, such as sublingual and epicutaneous SIT; however, doubts exist about their possible capacity to induce temporary tolerant state and permanent oral tolerance. The high frequency of allergic adverse reactions of the various approaches and the inability to achieve permanent oral tolerance have highlighted the need of refinements in the strategies. A promising strategy for preventing IgE cross-linking and thus enhancing safety of SIT, while still activating T cells, is the use of tolerogenic peptides. The implementation of such an immunotherapy approach has the potential of not only increasing the chance of achieving a permanent state of tolerance, but also improving the safety and tolerability of the therapy. Immunotherapy for food allergy is still not ready for the clinic, but current and upcoming studies are dedicated to collect enough evidence for the possible implementation of allergen-SIT as a standard treatment for food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanaska I Kostadinova
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Beermann C, Hartung J. Physiological properties of milk ingredients released by fermentation. Food Funct 2013; 4:185-99. [PMID: 23111492 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30153a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The demand for health-promoting food ingredients rises within an increasing market worldwide. Different milks fermented with bacteria, yeasts, moulds or enzymes from animal, plant and microbial sources offer a broad range of possibilities to cover different health aspects with new bioactive components. By the fermentation process interesting ingredients are enriched and released from the matrix, like lactoferrin, micro-nutrients, CLA and sphingolipids or synthesized, such as exo-polysaccharides and bioactive peptides. In particular, milk derived bioactive peptides exert several important health-promoting activities, such as anti-hypertensive, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, immune-modulatory, opioid and mineral-binding properties. Milk-fermentation processes with probiotic bacteria synergistically combine health supporting bacterial and milk ingredient aspects which include new therapeutic solutions concerning hypercholesterolemia, carcinogenic intoxications, treatment of diarrhea, reduction of intestine pathogens, and supporting natural immune defense. Especially, milk-proteins and associated bioactive peptides released during microbial or enzymatic fermentation of milk offer a broad spectrum of new functional properties, for instance anti-hypertensive, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, immuno-modulatory, opioid and mineral-binding properties. This review aimed at discussing recent research activities on physiological purposes and technical process aspects of functional components from fermented milk with a specific focus on biofunctional peptides released from fermented milk proteins.
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Adel-Patient K, Nutten S, Bernard H, Fritsché R, Ah-Leung S, Meziti N, Prioult G, Mercenier A, Wal JM. Immunomodulatory potential of partially hydrolyzed β-lactoglobulin and large synthetic peptides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:10858-10866. [PMID: 23043375 DOI: 10.1021/jf3031293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory potential of fragments derived from the cow's milk allergen bovine β-lactoglobulin (BLG) was assessed in a mouse model of oral tolerance (OT) [Adel-Patient, K.; Wavrin, S.; Bernard, H.; Meziti, N.; Ah-Leung, S.; Wal, J. M. Oral tolerance and Treg cells are induced in BALB/c mice after gavage with bovine β-lactoglobulin. Allergy 2011, 66 (10), 1312-1321]. Native BLG (nBLG) and chemically denatured BLG (lacking S-S bridges, dBLG), products resulting from their hydrolysis using cyanogen bromide (CNBr) and some synthetic peptides, were produced and precisely characterized. CNBr hydrolysates correspond to pools of peptides of various sizes that are still associated by S-S bridges when derived from nBLG. nBLG, dBLG, and CNBr hydrolysate of nBLG efficiently prevented further sensitization. CNBr hydrolysate of dBLG was less efficient, suggesting that the association by S-S bridges of peptides increased their immunomodulatory potential. Conversely, synthetic peptides were inefficient even if covering 50% of the BLG sequence, demonstrating that the immunomodulatory potential requires the presence of all derived fragments of BLG and further supporting the use of partially hydrolyzed milk proteins to favor OT induction in infants with a risk of atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Adel-Patient
- INRA, UR496 Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, CEA/IBiTeC-S/SPI, CEA de Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette cedex, France.
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Conradi S, Malzahn U, Paul F, Quill S, Harms L, Then Bergh F, Ditzenbach A, Georgi T, Heuschmann P, Rosche B. Breastfeeding is associated with lower risk for multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2012; 19:553-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458512459683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with known genetic and environmental susceptibility factors. Breastfeeding has been shown to be protective in other autoimmune diseases. Objective: This case-control study analyzed the association of breastfeeding in infancy on the risk of developing MS. Methods: A case-control study was performed in Berlin of 245 MS patients and 296 population-based controls, who completed a standardized questionnaire on their history and duration of breastfeeding in infancy and demographic characteristics. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between breastfeeding and MS. The multivariate model was adjusted for age, gender, number of older siblings, number of inhabitants in place of domicile between ages 0 and 6 (categorized in each case), and daycare attendance between ages 0 and 3. Results: In multivariable analysis, breastfeeding showed an independent association with MS (adjusted OR 0.58; p = 0.028). However, with no breastfeeding as reference, the protective effect only emerges after four months of breastfeeding (multivariable analysis for ≤ four months adjusted OR 0.87; p = 0.614 and for > four months OR 0.51; p = 0.016). Conclusion: The results of this case-control study support the hypothesis that breastfeeding is associated with a lower risk of MS. These results are in line with findings of previous studies on other autoimmune diseases, in which breastfeeding was shown to have protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Conradi
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Leipzig Germany
| | - Uwe Malzahn
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Würzburg and Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany
| | - Sabine Quill
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Harms
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Peter Heuschmann
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Würzburg and Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Berit Rosche
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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van Esch BCAM, Schouten B, de Kivit S, Hofman GA, Knippels LMJ, Willemsen LEM, Garssen J. Oral tolerance induction by partially hydrolyzed whey protein in mice is associated with enhanced numbers of Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22:820-6. [PMID: 21933283 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoallergenic formulas are considered a good option for infants at risk for cow's milk allergy. The aim of this animal study was to investigate whether whey hydrolyzates (WH) have the capacity to induce oral tolerance to whey. METHODS Whey, partial or extensive WH was given via gavages to naïve mice prior to oral whey sensitization using cholera toxin as an adjuvant. The acute allergic skin response, mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1), whey-specific IgE, IgG(1) and effector Th2-cells, Th1-cells, and Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cells were determined in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). MLN cells from tolerized mice were adoptively transferred to naïve recipient mice prior to whey sensitization. RESULTS In contrast to the extensive WH, pre-treatment of naïve mice with whey or partial WH reduced the acute allergic skin response and mast cell degranulation after whey challenge. However, only treatment with whey prevented the generation of serum-specific IgE/IgG(1) . In partial WH tolerized mice, Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cell numbers in the MLN were increased compared to whey-sensitized mice. Both whey and partial WH treatment showed a tendency toward a decreased number of effector Th2-cells. Transfer of MLN cells from tolerized mice protected recipient mice from developing an acute allergic skin response. CONCLUSION These results show that partial WH with limited sensitizing properties reduced the effector response upon whey challenge. This effect is transferable using MLN cells and was associated with enhanced Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cell numbers in the MLN. Partial WH retained the capacity to induce active immune suppression in mice which may be relevant for allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty C A M van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Adel-Patient K, Wavrin S, Bernard H, Meziti N, Ah-Leung S, Wal JM. Oral tolerance and Treg cells are induced in BALB/c mice after gavage with bovine β-lactoglobulin. Allergy 2011; 66:1312-21. [PMID: 21615416 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy is considered as resulting from an impaired development or a breakdown of oral tolerance. We aimed to induce oral tolerance to the major cow's milk allergen bovine β-lactoglobulin (BLG) or corresponding trypsin hydrolysates (BLG-Try) and to investigate the mechanisms involved. METHODS Wild-type BALB/cJ mice were gavaged on days 1-3 and 8-10 with different doses of native BLG (nBLG) or with nBLG-Try and were then sensitized on day 14 by i.p. administration of BLG in alum. Sensitization was assessed by measurement of BLG-specific antibodies in sera and of cytokines secreted by BLG-reactivated splenocytes. Elicitation of the allergic reaction was assessed by measurement of cytokines and mMCP-1 in sera collected 35 min after an oral challenge. Cellular and biochemical markers of the allergic reaction were also analysed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BAL) collected 24 h after intra-nasal challenge. Analysis of the CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) cells in different organs obtained 3 days after gavage and in vivo depletion of CD25(+) cells before oral tolerance induction were then performed. RESULTS Systemic sensitization and elicitation of the allergic reaction were totally inhibited in mice gavaged with 2 mg of nBLG whereas nBLG-Try was far less efficient. A high percentage of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) cells were observed in BAL from tolerant mice, and a negative correlation between the number of eosinophils and the percentage of Foxp3(+) cells was evidenced. Efficient induction of CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) cells after nBLG gavage and impaired oral tolerance induction after in vivo depletion of CD25 cells were then demonstrated. CONCLUSION For the first time, allergen-induced Treg cells that inhibited both the sensitization and the elicitation of the allergic reaction were evidenced in gavaged wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Adel-Patient
- INRA, UR, Unité d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Lowe AJ, Hosking CS, Bennett CM, Allen KJ, Axelrad C, Carlin JB, Abramson MJ, Dharmage SC, Hill DJ. Effect of a partially hydrolyzed whey infant formula at weaning on risk of allergic disease in high-risk children: A randomized controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:360-365.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Proteolytic action of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 656 reduces antigenic response to bovine β-lactoglobulin. Food Chem 2011; 127:487-92. [PMID: 23140691 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The whey protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is highly allergenic. Lactic acid bacteria can degrade milk proteins. The capacity of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 656 to hydrolyse the major BLG epitopes (V41-K60; Y102-R124; L149-I162) and decrease their recognition by IgE of allergic patients was evaluated. The intensity of BLG degradation was analysed by Tricine SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC. Peptides released were identified by LC-MS/MS and the hydrolysates were tested for their capacity to inhibit IgE binding by ELISA test. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 656 degraded BLG (35%, 8h). The sequence analysis of the released peptides indicated that this strain degraded three main BLG epitopes. BLG-positive sera (3-5year old children) were used for testing IgE binding inhibition of BLG hydrolysates from the Lactobacillus strain. The hydrolysates were less immuno-reactive (32%) than the heated BLG. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 656 could be used for developing hypoallergenic dairy products.
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Madureira AR, Tavares T, Gomes AMP, Pintado ME, Malcata FX. Invited review: physiological properties of bioactive peptides obtained from whey proteins. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:437-55. [PMID: 20105516 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Processing of whey proteins yields several bioactive peptides that can trigger physiological effects in the human body: on the nervous system via their opiate and ileum-contracting activities; on the cardiovascular system via their antithrombotic and antihypertensive activities; on the immune system via their antimicrobial and antiviral activities; and on the nutrition system via their digestibility and hypocholesterolemic effects. The specific physiological effects, as well the mechanisms by which they are achieved and the stabilities of the peptides obtained from various whey fractions during their gastrointestinal route, are specifically discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Madureira
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Quimica Fina (CBQF)/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, P-4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Different digestion of caprine whey proteins by human and porcine gastrointestinal enzymes. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:374-81. [PMID: 20307348 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was twofold: first to compare the degradation patterns of caprine whey proteins digested with either human digestive juices (gastric or duodenal) or commercial porcine enzymes (pepsin or pancreatic enzymes) and second to observe the effect of gastric pH on digestion. An in vitro two-step assay was performed at 37 degrees C to simulate digestion in the stomach (pH 2, 4 or 6) and the duodenum (pH 8). The whey proteins were degraded more efficiently by porcine pepsin than by human gastric juice at all pH values. Irrespective of the enzyme source, gastric digestion at pH 2 followed by duodenal digestion resulted in the most efficient degradation. Lactoferrin, serum albumin and the Ig heavy chains were highly degraded with less than 6 % remaining after digestion. About 15, 56 and 50 % Ig light chains, beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) and alpha-lactalbumin remained intact, respectively, when digested with porcine enzymes compared with 25, 74 and 81 % with human digestive juices. For comparison, purified bovine beta-LG was digested and the peptide profiles obtained were compared with those of the caprine beta-LG in the digested whey. The bovine beta-LG seemed to be more extensively cleaved than the caprine beta-LG in the whey. Commercial enzymes appear to digest whey proteins more efficiently compared with human digestive juices when used at similar enzyme activities. This could lead to conflicting results when comparing human in vivo protein digestion with digestion using purified enzymes of non-human species. Consequently the use of human digestive juices might be preferred.
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Picariello G, Ferranti P, Fierro O, Mamone G, Caira S, Di Luccia A, Monica S, Addeo F. Peptides surviving the simulated gastrointestinal digestion of milk proteins: Biological and toxicological implications. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:295-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Beneficial health effects of milk and fermented dairy products--review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2008; 53:378-94. [PMID: 19085072 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-008-0059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Milk is a complex physiological liquid that simultaneously provides nutrients and bioactive components that facilitate the successful postnatal adaptation of the newborn infant by stimulating cellular growth and digestive maturation, the establishment of symbiotic microflora, and the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues. The number, the potency, and the importance of bioactive compounds in milk and especially in fermented milk products are probably greater than previously thought. They include certain vitamins, specific proteins, bioactive peptides, oligosaccharides, organic (including fatty) acids. Some of them are normal milk components, others emerge during digestive or fermentation processes. Fermented dairy products and probiotic bacteria decrease the absorption of cholesterol. Whey proteins, medium-chain fatty acids and in particular calcium and other minerals may contribute to the beneficial effect of dairy food on body fat and body mass. There has been growing evidence of the role that dairy proteins play in the regulation of satiety, food intake and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Milk proteins, peptides, probiotic lactic acid bacteria, calcium and other minerals can significantly reduce blood pressure. Milk fat contains a number of components having functional properties. Sphingolipids and their active metabolites may exert antimicrobial effects either directly or upon digestion.
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Kondo M, Kaneko H, Fukao T, Suzuki K, Sakaguchi H, Shinoda S, Kato Z, Matsui E, Teramoto T, Nakano T, Kondo N. The response of bovine beta-lactoglobulin-specific T-cell clones to single amino acid substitution of T-cell core epitope. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008; 19:592-8. [PMID: 18331418 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cow's milk is one of the most common food allergens in the first year of life, with approximately 2.5% of infants experiencing an allergic reaction to it. Beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) is one of the major allergens in cow's milk. Previously, we reported that four of six T-cell clones (TCC) which were established from cow's milk allergy patients recognized BLGp97-117 as the core sequence and also recognized BLG in association with the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*0405 allele. Using two of these four TCCs, we evaluated the T-cell response to BLG peptides with single amino acid substitution or deletion and identified BLGp102-112 as the minimum essential region in BLGp97-117. In the alanine-scan assay, the proliferative responses of TCCs to pE108A disappeared, and the proliferative responses of TCCs to pC106A decreased. In the analog peptide proliferation assay, pY102S had retained some T-cell response to the two TCCs. Collecting these results, we propose a motif for the interaction between the HLA-DRB1*0405 allele and antigen peptide, and suggest that BLGp105-108 are important residues to retain the TCR/BLG-peptide/HLA complex. pY102A and pY102S are partial agonists for the T-cell receptor. These peptides might be considered as candidate peptides for the modification of the T-cell response to BLG in cow's milk allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Jankovicova B, Rosnerova S, Slovakova M, Zverinova Z, Hubalek M, Hernychova L, Rehulka P, Viovy JL, Bilkova Z. Epitope mapping of allergen ovalbumin using biofunctionalized magnetic beads packed in microfluidic channels. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1206:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang CH, Huang CD, Lin HC, Lee KY, Lin SM, Liu CY, Huang KH, Ko YS, Chung KF, Kuo HP. Increased Circulating Fibrocytes in Asthma with Chronic Airflow Obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:583-91. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200710-1557oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Dalmau Serra J, Martorell Aragonés A. [Cow milk protein allergies: primary prevention. Nutritional aspects]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2008; 68:295-300. [PMID: 18358144 DOI: 10.1157/13116713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2001 the Nutrition Committee of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics, published a position paper on "Recommendations on the use of formulae for the treatment and prevention of adverse reactions to cow milk proteins" (An Esp Pediatr. 2001;54:372-9). Since most of the recommendations given in this report still remain effective, the Nutrition Committee of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics reaffirms its support of the data expressed in it. In the present publication we only approach the aspects that have changed due to new knowledge and the accumulated clinical experience, especially on the primary prevention of allergy to cow milk proteins, and on the basis of it, the present recommendations for this prevention are set out. In addition, the importance of the nutritional aspects in all infants and small children receiving special nutritional formulae and exclusion diets are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dalmau Serra
- Unidad de Nutrición y Metabolopatías, Hospital Infantil La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Rosetta L, Baldi A. On the role of breastfeeding in health promotion and the prevention of allergic diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 606:467-83. [PMID: 18183942 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Based on animal models, we specify the major role of different bioactive milk components known to participate significantly in neonatal health promotion and in protection against a large number of infectious diseases and the development of allergies and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rosetta
- CNRS UPR 2147, 44 rue de, Amidal Mouchez, 75044 Paris, France.
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Milk peptides and immune response in the neonate. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 606:253-69. [PMID: 18183933 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides encrypted within the native milk proteins can be released by enzymatic proteolysis, food processing, or gastrointestinal digestion. These peptides possess a wide range of properties, including immunomodulatory properties. The first months of life represent a critical period for the maturation of the immune system because a tolerance for nutrient molecules should be developed while that for pathogen-derived antigens is avoided. Evidence has accumulated to suggest that milk peptides may regulate gastrointestinal immunity, guiding the local immune system until it develops its full functionality. Our data using the weaning piglet as the model suggest that several milk peptides can downregulate various immune properties at a time (one to two weeks after weaning) that coincides with immaturity of the immune system. The protein kinase A system and/or the exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP (Epac-1) are implicated in the mechanism through which milk peptides can affect immune function in the early postweaning period. Despite the fact that the research in this field is in its infancy, the evidence available suggests that milk protein peptides may promote development of neonatal immune competence. Milk contains a variety of components that provide immunological protection and facilitate the development of neonatal immune competence. Two main categories of milk compounds are thought to be associated with immunological activity. The first category includes cytokines, which neonates do not produce efficiently. Cytokines present in milk are thought to be protected against intestinal proteolysis and could alleviate immunological deficits, aiding immune system maturation (Kelleher & Lonnerdal, 2001; Bryan et al., 2006). The second category of milk compounds includes milk protein peptides. Milk peptides may affect mucosal immunity possibly by guiding local immunity until it develops its full functionality (Baldi et al., 2005). This chapter focuses on the effects of milk peptides on immune function and attempts to provide an overview of the knowledge available in this field.
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Kondo M, Fukao T, Shinoda S, Kawamoto N, Kaneko H, Kato Z, Matsui E, Teramoto T, Nakano T, Kondo N. Lymphocyte Responses to Chymotrypsin- or Trypsin V-Digested beta-Lactoglobulin in Patients with Cow's Milk Allergy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2007; 3:1-9. [PMID: 20525147 PMCID: PMC2873626 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-3-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chymotrypsin- or trypsin V- (a mixture of trypsin and chymotrypsin) digested β-lactoglobulin (BLG) peptides were prepared and were confirmed to have much less immunoglobulin (lg)G and lgE reactivity compared with intact BLG by IgG inhibition enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and IgE dot blotting. The lymphocyte responses to intact BLG and these peptides were examined using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 10 patients with cow's milk allergy. The PBMCs from most patients had lower lymphocyte responses to chymotrypsin- and trypsin V-digested BLG peptides than those to intact BLG. However, PBMCs from one and two patients retained significant proliferative responses to both peptides and to only the former peptide, respectively. Interferon-c production stimulated by chymotrypsin-digested peptides was still detectable in all five patients tested. Chymotrypsindigested BLG reduced lgE reactivity but still induced some lymphocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; T, Nakano--Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co, Ltd, Kawagoe, Japan.
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Gauthier SF, Pouliot Y, Saint-Sauveur D. Immunomodulatory peptides obtained by the enzymatic hydrolysis of whey proteins. Int Dairy J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kleber N, Weyrich U, Hinrichs J. Screening for lactic acid bacteria with potential to reduce antigenic response of β-lactoglobulin in bovine skim milk and sweet whey. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2005.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Maier I, Okun VM, Pittner F, Lindner W. Changes in peptic digestibility of bovine beta-lactoglobulin as a result of food processing studied by capillary electrophoresis and immunochemical methods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 841:160-7. [PMID: 16877053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Digestion studies constitute a functional tool for allergen characterisation. This strategy for investigating allergenic proteins relates to the observation of increased proteolytic resistance of some proteins recognised to exhibit allergenic potential. beta-Lactoglobulin (betaLG) is one of the major whey proteins, a potent milk allergen and shows a high stability against peptic hydrolysis in its native form. In order to study the impact of milk fermentation process on its digestibility, two complementary analytical methods were applied: capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) to quantitatively study proteolytic degradation of betaLG isolated from different fermented bovine milk products, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess differences in immunoreactivity. betaLG, isolated from either raw or pasteurised cow's milk (CM), as expected, showed only minimal digestibility (less than 10% in 2 h). However, when raw milk or pasteurised milk was fermented, the rate of peptic digestion of the protein significantly increased (up to 45% in 2 h). In accordance with changes in digestibility, the immunochemical response for all fermented samples was lower than that of non-fermented references. Raw and pasteurised milk "naturally" fermented in our laboratory only resulted in a slight reduction (betaLG detected is still in the range of milligrams per gram sample), whereas the industrially manufactured sour milk as well as the "Acidophilus milk" reflected a remarkably lower level of immunoreactivity (55-56 microg/g sample).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maier
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Kotaru C, Schoonover KJ, Trudeau JB, Huynh ML, Zhou X, Hu H, Wenzel SE. Regional fibroblast heterogeneity in the lung: implications for remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173:1208-15. [PMID: 16543551 PMCID: PMC2662967 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200508-1218oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Excessive deposition of extracellular matrix occurs in proximal airways of individuals with asthma, but fibrosis in distal lung has not been observed. Whether differing fibrotic capacities of fibroblasts from these two regions contribute to this variability is unknown. OBJECTIVES We compared morphologic and functional characteristics of fibroblasts isolated from proximal airways and distal lung parenchyma to determine phenotypic differences. METHODS Concurrent proximal airway and distal lung biopsies were obtained by bronchoscopy from subjects with asthma to isolate airway and distal lung fibroblasts, respectively. The following characteristics were compared: morphology, proliferation, alpha-smooth muscle actin expression, and synthesis of procollagen type I and eotaxin-1. RESULTS Airway fibroblasts (AFs) are morphologically distinct from distal lung fibroblasts (DLFs): they are larger (2.3-fold greater surface area vs. matched DLFs; p = 0.02), stellate in appearance, and with more cytoplasmic projections compared with the spindle-shaped DLFs. AFs synthesized more procollagen type I than did DLFs at baseline (twofold higher; p = 0.003) and after transforming growth factor-beta stimulation (1.4-fold higher; p = 0.02). Similarly, AFs produced more eotaxin-1 than did DLFs at baseline (2.5-fold higher; p = 0.004) and after interleukin-13 stimulation (13-fold higher; p = 0.0001). In contrast, DLFs proliferate more than AFs with serum stimulation (about sixfold greater; p = 0.03). Unstimulated DLFs also expressed more alpha-smooth muscle actin than did corresponding AFs (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that at least two phenotypes of fibroblast exist in the lung. These phenotypic differences may partially explain the variable responses to injury and repair between proximal airways and distal lung/parenchyma in asthma and other respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakradhar Kotaru
- National Jewish Medical and Research Center and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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Monaci L, Tregoat V, van Hengel AJ, Anklam E. Milk allergens, their characteristics and their detection in food: A review. Eur Food Res Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-005-0178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Kawabe M, Sasaki M, Hirai S, Ikeda T, Sasaki H, Yoshida M, Amaya H, Aotake T, Uchinami M, Ihaya A, Tanaka K. Whey proteins and peptides: beneficial effects on immune health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 33:69-71. [PMID: 16410700 DOI: 10.2217/14750708.3.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 65-year-old male with liver metastases after lung cancer resection was treated with five courses of chemotherapy consisting of gemcitabine (GEM) 1,000 mg/m2 (day 1, 8, every 4 weeks) plus carboplatin (CBDCA) AUC 6 (day 1, every 4 weeks). A partial response (PR) was achieved, his symptoms abated and his quality of life(QOL) improved. Although bone marrow suppression was observed as a side effect, it was within the tolerable range and did not interfere with therapy. This approach may be worth considering as a first-line anti-cancer chemotherapy for recurrence lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kawabe
- Dept. of Surgery II, University of Fukui Faculty of Medical Sciences
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Fritsché R, Adel-Patient K, Bernard H, Martin-Paschoud C, Schwarz C, Ah-Leung S, Wal JM. IgE-Mediated Rat Mast Cell Triggering with Tryptic and Synthetic Peptides of Bovine β-Lactoglobulin. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2005; 138:291-7. [PMID: 16220005 DOI: 10.1159/000088866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin E (IgE) epitopes of beta-lactoglubulin (betaLG) have been identified by ELISA inhibition methods using sera from allergic patients. However, the functional capacity of these epitopes to stimulate mast cells is unknown. It is the goal of the present study to identify bivalent IgE epitopes of betaLG able to trigger target mast cells. METHODS Peptides were obtained either by purification from tryptic hydrolysates of betaLG or by synthesis. They were examined for their triggering activity in vitro on peritoneal 3H-serotonin-labeled rat mast cells passively sensitized with IgE anti-betaLG antibodies. In vivo, rats immunized with betaLG were administered peptides by gavage for intestinal rat mast cell protease II release. RESULTS Compared with intact betaLG, purified or synthetic tryptic-like betaLG peptides have a sharply decreased allergenicity. Peptide 149-162 retains the highest bivalent IgE epitope-mediated triggering capacity. CONCLUSION A functional bivalent IgE epitope was identified at the C terminal end of betaLG.
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Peng HJ, Su SN, Wu KG, Ho CK, Kuo HL. Effect of ingestion of cow's milk protein hydrolysate formulas on alpha-casein-specific immunoglobulin E and G1 antibody responses in naïve and sensitized mice. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2005; 41:438-44. [PMID: 16205512 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpg.0000177309.79285.c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cow's milk protein hydrolysate formulas are widely used for genetically predisposed atopic infants. Whether hydrolysate formulas can induce oral tolerance to alpha-casein was studied for the first time in naive and sensitized mice. METHODS Using immunoblotting, residual antigenicity to alpha-casein was examined for in animals fed hydrolysate formulas. Naïve mice fed hydrolysate formulas for 1 to 4 weeks were later sensitized with alpha-casein. Another group of mice sensitized first with alpha-casein were then fed hydrolysate formulas continually for 12 weeks. RESULTS Oral tolerance measured by immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG1 antibody responses to alpha-casein was induced in naïve mice fed NAN for 1 week or NAN-HA for 4 weeks. IgE responses to alpha-casein were suppressed in mice fed NAN-HA for 1 week or Neoangelac FL for 4 weeks. In contrast, mice fed Alfare, Pepti-Junior, or Pregestimil for 1 to 4 weeks did not develop tolerance to alpha-casein. Antibody responses to alpha-casein were not significantly suppressed in sensitized mice fed NAN or hydrolysate formulas for 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Primary IgE responses to alpha-casein are readily suppressed in naïve mice first fed cow's milk formula or partially hydrolyzed formula for 1 week. Conversely, ongoing IgE, IgG1, and IgG antibody responses to alpha-casein are poorly suppressed in previously sensitized mice even after prolonged feeding of cow's milk formula or hydrolysate formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jen Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
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