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Wang K, Gali-Moya J, Ruano-Zaragoza M, Cain K, D'Auria G, Daly M, Barran P, Crevel R, Mills ENC. Bile salts enhance the susceptibility of the peach allergenic lipid transfer protein, Pru p 3, to in vitro gastrointestinal proteolysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15155. [PMID: 37704681 PMCID: PMC10499906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitisation to the lipid transfer protein Pru p 3 is associated with severe allergic reactions to peach, the proteins stability being thought to play a role in its allergenicity. Lipid binding increases susceptibility of Pru p 3 to digestion and so the impact of bile salts on the in vitro gastrointestinal digestibility of Pru p 3 was investigated and digestion products mapped by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. Bile salts enhanced the digestibility of Pru p 3 resulting in an ensemble of around 100 peptides spanning the protein's sequence which were linked by disulphide bonds into structures of ~ 5-6 kDa. IgE binding studies with a serum panel from peach allergic subjects showed digestion reduced, but did not abolish, the IgE reactivity of Pru p 3. These data show the importance of including bile salts in vitro digestion systems and emphasise the need to profile of digestion in a manner that allows identification of immunologically relevant disulphide-linked peptide aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Judit Gali-Moya
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | | | - Kathleen Cain
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Giovanni D'Auria
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Matthew Daly
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Perdita Barran
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - René Crevel
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- René Crevel Consulting Ltd, Suite A 82 James Carter Road, Mildenhall, IP28 7HP, UK
| | - E N Clare Mills
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, The University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK.
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2
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Mameri H, Gaudin JC, Lollier V, Tranquet O, Brossard C, Pietri M, Marion D, Codreanu-Morel F, Beaudouin E, Wien F, Gohon Y, Briozzo P, Denery-Papini S. Critical structural elements for the antigenicity of wheat allergen LTP1 (Tri a 14) revealed by site-directed mutagenesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12253. [PMID: 35851276 PMCID: PMC9293932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) were identified as allergens in a large variety of pollens and foods, including cereals. LTPs belong to the prolamin superfamily and display an α-helical fold, with a bundle of four α-helices held together by four disulfide bonds. Wheat LTP1 is involved in allergic reactions to food. To identify critical structural elements of antibody binding to wheat LTP1, we used site-directed mutagenesis on wheat recombinant LTP1 to target: (i) sequence conservation and/or structure flexibility or (ii) each disulfide bond. We evaluated the modifications induced by these mutations on LTP1 secondary structure by synchrotron radiation circular dichroism and on its antigenicity with patient's sera and with mouse monoclonal antibodies. Disruption of the C28-C73 disulfide bond significantly affected IgE-binding and caused protein denaturation, while removing C13-C27 bond decreased LTP1 antigenicity and slightly modified LTP1 overall folding. In addition, we showed Lys72 to be a key residue; the K72A mutation did not affect global folding but modified the local 3D structure of LTP1 and strongly reduced IgE-binding. This work revealed a cluster of residues (C13, C27, C28, C73 and K72), four of which embedded in disulfide bonds, which play a critical role in LTP1 antigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Mameri
- INRAE, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages (BIA), 44316, Nantes, France. .,UMR 1208 IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, L'Institut-Agro Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jean-Charles Gaudin
- INRAE, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages (BIA), 44316, Nantes, France.,INRAE, UMR 0588 Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des arbres et de la forêt (BIOFORA), 45075, Orléans, France
| | - Virginie Lollier
- INRAE, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages (BIA), 44316, Nantes, France.,INRAE, UR BIA, 44316, Nantes, France.,INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, 44316, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Tranquet
- INRAE, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages (BIA), 44316, Nantes, France.,INRAE UMR 1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Chantal Brossard
- INRAE, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages (BIA), 44316, Nantes, France
| | - Manon Pietri
- INRAE, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages (BIA), 44316, Nantes, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Centre René Gauducheau, 44805, Saint Herblain Cedex, France
| | - Didier Marion
- INRAE, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages (BIA), 44316, Nantes, France
| | - Fanny Codreanu-Morel
- CHU Luxembourg, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Kanner Klinik, 1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Etienne Beaudouin
- Service d'Allergologie, Hôpital de Mercy, CHR Metz, 57000, Metz, France
| | - Frank Wien
- Synchrotron Soleil, Saint-Aubin, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yann Gohon
- INRAE, UMR 1318 Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Pierre Briozzo
- INRAE, UMR 1318 Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Sandra Denery-Papini
- INRAE, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages (BIA), 44316, Nantes, France.
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3
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Amador VC, dos Santos-Silva CA, Vilela LMB, Oliveira-Lima M, de Santana Rêgo M, Roldan-Filho RS, de Oliveira-Silva RL, Lemos AB, de Oliveira WD, Ferreira-Neto JRC, Crovella S, Benko-Iseppon AM. Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs)-Structure, Diversity and Roles beyond Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1281. [PMID: 34827219 PMCID: PMC8615156 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are among the most promising plant-exclusive antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). They figure among the most challenging AMPs from the point of view of their structural diversity, functions and biotechnological applications. This review presents a current picture of the LTP research, addressing not only their structural, evolutionary and further predicted functional aspects. Traditionally, LTPs have been identified by their direct isolation by biochemical techniques, whereas omics data and bioinformatics deserve special attention for their potential to bring new insights. In this context, new possible functions have been identified revealing that LTPs are actually multipurpose, with many additional predicted roles. Despite some challenges due to the toxicity and allergenicity of LTPs, a systematic review and search in patent databases, indicate promising perspectives for the biotechnological use of LTPs in human health and also plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Costa Amador
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Carlos André dos Santos-Silva
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34100 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Lívia Maria Batista Vilela
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Marx Oliveira-Lima
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Mireli de Santana Rêgo
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Ricardo Salas Roldan-Filho
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Roberta Lane de Oliveira-Silva
- General Microbiology Laboratory, Agricultural Science Campus, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56300-990, Brazil;
| | - Ayug Bezerra Lemos
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Wilson Dias de Oliveira
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - José Ribamar Costa Ferreira-Neto
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Sérgio Crovella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha 1883, Qatar;
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
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D'souza N, Weber M, Sarzsinszky E, Vrtala S, Curin M, Schaar M, Garib V, Focke-Tejkl M, Li Y, Jones R, Chen H, Valenta R, Sun B. The Molecular Allergen Recognition Profile in China as Basis for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:719573. [PMID: 34512644 PMCID: PMC8430339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of the world population suffers from immunoglobulin-E (IgE)-mediated allergy. IgE-mediated allergy affects the respiratory tract, the skin and the gastrointestinal tract and may lead to life-threatening acute systemic manifestations such as anaphylactic shock. The symptoms of allergy are mediated by IgE-recognition of causative allergen molecules from different allergen sources. Today, molecular allergy diagnosis allows determining the disease-causing allergens to develop allergen-specific concepts for prevention and treatment of allergy. Allergen-specific preventive and therapeutic strategies include allergen avoidance, vaccination, and tolerance induction. The implementation of these preventive and therapeutic strategies requires a detailed knowledge of the relevant allergen molecules affecting a given population. China is the world´s most populous country with around 1.4 billion inhabitants and an estimated number of more than 400 million allergic patients. Research in allergy in China has dramatically increased in the last decade. We summarize in this review article what is known about the dominating allergen sources and allergen molecules in China and what further investigations could be performed to draw a molecular map of IgE sensitization for China as a basis for the implementation of systematic and rational allergen-specific preventive and therapeutic strategies to combat allergic diseases in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishelle D'souza
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Milena Weber
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eszter Sarzsinszky
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirela Curin
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjam Schaar
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Garib
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Worg Pharmaceuticals, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Hao Chen
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medico-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergies affect 20-30% of the population and respiratory allergies are mostly due to pollen grains from anemophilous plants. One to 5% of people suffer from food allergies and clinicians report increasing numbers of pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS), such that the symptoms have broadened from respiratory to gastrointestinal, and even to anaphylactic shock in the presence of cofactors. Thirty to 60% of food allergies are associated with pollen allergy while the percentage of pollen allergies associated to food allergy varies according to local environment and dietary habits. AREAS COVERED Articles published in peer-reviewed journals, covered by PubMed databank, clinical data are discussed including symptoms, diagnosis, and management. A chapter emphasizes the role of six well-known allergen families involved in PFAS: PR10 proteins, profilins, lipid transfer proteins, thaumatin-like proteins, isoflavone reductases, and β-1,3 glucanases. The relevance in PFAS of three supplementary allergen families is presented: oleosins, polygalacturonases, and gibberellin-regulated proteins. To support the discussion a few original relevant results were added. EXPERT OPINION Both allergenic sources, pollen and food, are submitted to the same stressful environmental changes resulting in an increase of pathogenesis-related proteins in which numerous allergens are found. This might be responsible for the potential increase of PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Poncet
- Armand Trousseau Children Hospital, Immunology Department, Allergy & Environment Research Team , Paris, France.,Immunology Department, Institut Pasteur , Paris, France
| | - Hélène Sénéchal
- Armand Trousseau Children Hospital, Immunology Department, Allergy & Environment Research Team , Paris, France
| | - Denis Charpin
- Aix Marseille University and French Clean Air Association (APPA) , Marseille, France
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Hanada M, Nakagawa M, Hamabata A, Amano H. Lipid transfer protein syndrome due to wild grape juice and various vegetables: A life-threatening food allergen. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1439-1441. [PMID: 34115395 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a 16-year-old Japanese male with mugwort pollinosis in whom ingestion of wild grape juice and various vegetables caused recurrent general urticaria, abdominal pain, dyspnea, and loss of consciousness. A skin prick test demonstrated positive reactions to a wide variety of both non-heated and heated vegetables and fruits such as wild grape, bell pepper, onion, Chinese cabbage, tomato, eggplant, and broccoli. The serum immunoglobulin E levels (ImmunoCAP ISAC® ) for Art v 3, Pla a 3, Pru p 3, and Jug r 3, which are lipid transfer protein (LTP) homologs, were positive but those for Bet v 1 and Bet v 2 were negative. We diagnosed the patient as having LTP syndrome, a condition in which additional factors such as exercise, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or alcohol may trigger an allergic reaction. Wild grapes contain a large amount of salicylic acid, and in our patient ingestion of wild grape juice led to immediate loss of consciousness in the absence of exercise. This suggests that salicylic acid contained in fruits and vegetables may act as an important cofactor in LTP syndrome. Although sensitization to LTP is rarely reported in Asia, LTP are considered to be potentially life-threatening food allergens, and therefore warrant attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Hanada
- Department of Dermatology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Shiwa-gun, Japan
| | - Michiyo Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Shiwa-gun, Japan
| | - Akemi Hamabata
- Department of Dermatology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Shiwa-gun, Japan
| | - Hiroo Amano
- Department of Dermatology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Shiwa-gun, Japan
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Scheurer S, van Ree R, Vieths S. The Role of Lipid Transfer Proteins as Food and Pollen Allergens Outside the Mediterranean Area. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:7. [PMID: 33537877 PMCID: PMC7858557 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of the prevalence and clinical manifestation of non-specific lipid transfer proteins (LTP)-mediated allergies outside the Mediterranean area and to address potential reasons for the different geographical significance of LTP-driven allergies. RECENT FINDINGS LTPs are major allergens in the Mediterranean area, which frequently can elicit severe reactions. Pru p 3 the LTP from peach is reported as genuine allergen and is considered a prototypic marker for LTP-mediated allergies. However, both food and pollen LTP allergies exist outside the Mediterranean area, but with lower clinical significance, different immunogenicity, and less clarified role. Evidence has been reported that in areas with high exposure to pollen, in particular to mugwort, pollen-derived LTPs can act as a primary sensitizer to trigger secondary food allergies. Co-sensitization to unrelated allergens might be causative for less severe reactions in response to LTPs. However, the reason for the geographical different sensitization patterns to LTPs remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Scheurer
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
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Alessandri C, Ferrara R, Bernardi ML, Zennaro D, Tuppo L, Giangrieco I, Ricciardi T, Tamburrini M, Ciardiello MA, Mari A. Molecular approach to a patient's tailored diagnosis of the oral allergy syndrome. Clin Transl Allergy 2020; 10:22. [PMID: 32551040 PMCID: PMC7298840 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is one of the most common IgE-mediated allergic reactions. It is characterized by a number of symptoms induced by the exposure of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa to allergenic proteins belonging to class 1 or to class 2 food allergens. OAS occurring when patients sensitized to pollens are exposed to some fresh plant foods has been called pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS). In the wake of PFAS, several different associations of allergenic sources have been progressively proposed and called syndromes. Molecular allergology has shown that these associations are based on IgE co-recognition taking place between homologous allergens present in different allergenic sources. In addition, the molecular approach reveals that some allergens involved in OAS are also responsible for systemic reactions, as in the case of some food Bet v 1-related proteins, lipid transfer proteins and gibberellin regulated proteins. Therefore, in the presence of a convincing history of OAS, it becomes crucial to perform a patient's tailored molecule-based diagnosis in order to identify the individual IgE sensitization profile. This information allows the prediction of possible cross-reactions with homologous molecules contained in other sources. In addition, it allows the assessment of the risk of developing more severe symptoms on the basis of the features of the allergenic proteins to which the patient is sensitized. In this context, we aimed to provide an overview of the features of relevant plant allergenic molecules and their involvement in the clinical onset of OAS. The value of a personalized molecule-based approach to OAS diagnosis is also analyzed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alessandri
- Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), Rome, Italy
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL), Latina, Italy
| | - Rosetta Ferrara
- Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), Rome, Italy
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL), Latina, Italy
| | - Maria Livia Bernardi
- Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), Rome, Italy
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL), Latina, Italy
| | - Danila Zennaro
- Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), Rome, Italy
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL), Latina, Italy
| | - Lisa Tuppo
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL), Latina, Italy
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivana Giangrieco
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL), Latina, Italy
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Ricciardi
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL), Latina, Italy
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Adriano Mari
- Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), Rome, Italy
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL), Latina, Italy
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9
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Oeo‐Santos C, Navas A, Benedé S, Ruíz‐León B, Díaz‐Perales A, Vogel L, Moreno‐Aguilar C, Jurado A, Villalba M, Barderas R. New insights into the sensitization to nonspecific lipid transfer proteins from pollen and food: New role of allergen Ole e 7. Allergy 2020; 75:798-807. [PMID: 31605380 DOI: 10.1111/all.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ole e 7 is a nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) from olive pollen, one of the main allergenic pollens worldwide. This allergenic nsLTP is responsible for severe symptoms in regions with high olive pollen exposure, where many Ole e 7-sensitized patients exhibit a co-sensitization to the peach nsLTP, Pru p 3. However, there is no evidence of cross-reactivity, which explains this observed co-sensitization. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between Ole e 7 and Pru p 3. METHODS A total of 48 patients sensitized to Ole e 7 and/or Pru p 3 were included in the study. Specific IgE serum levels were measured by ImmunoCAP 250 and ELISA. Inhibition assays were performed to determine the existence of cross-reactivity between both nsLTPs. Allergic response was analyzed ex vivo (basophil activation test) and in vitro (RBL-2H3 mast cell model). RESULTS Common IgG and IgE epitopes were identified between both allergens. IgE-binding inhibition was detected in Ole e 7-monosensitized patients using rPru p 3 as inhibitor, reaching inhibition values of 25 and 100%. Ex vivo and in vitro assays revealed a response against rPru p 3 in four (31%) Ole e 7-monosensitized patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Ole e 7 could play a new role as primary sensitizer in regions with high olive pollen exposure, leading to the peach nsLTP sensitization. This co-sensitization process would occur because of the cross-reactivity between Ole e 7 and Pru p 3 observed in some allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Oeo‐Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Navas
- UGC Inmunología y Alergia Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba Córdoba Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba Spain
| | - Sara Benedé
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Berta Ruíz‐León
- UGC Inmunología y Alergia Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba Córdoba Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba Spain
- Allergy Network ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Araceli Díaz‐Perales
- Allergy Network ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM‐INIA) Campus de Montegancedo‐UPM Madrid Spain
| | - Lothar Vogel
- Division of Allergology Paul‐Erlich‐Institut Langen Germany
| | - Carmen Moreno‐Aguilar
- UGC Inmunología y Alergia Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba Córdoba Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba Spain
- Allergy Network ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Aurora Jurado
- UGC Inmunología y Alergia Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba Córdoba Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba Spain
- Allergy Network ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Allergy Network ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Allergy Network ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- UFIEC, Chronic Disease Programme Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
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10
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Wildner S, Griessner I, Stemeseder T, Regl C, Soh WT, Stock LG, Völker T, Alessandri C, Mari A, Huber CG, Stutz H, Brandstetter H, Gadermaier G. Boiling down the cysteine-stabilized LTP fold - loss of structural and immunological integrity of allergenic Art v 3 and Pru p 3 as a consequence of irreversible lanthionine formation. Mol Immunol 2019; 116:140-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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11
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Deng S, Yin J. Mugwort Pollen-Related Food Allergy: Lipid Transfer Protein Sensitization and Correlation With the Severity of Allergic Reactions in a Chinese Population. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019; 11:116-128. [PMID: 30479082 PMCID: PMC6267181 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.1.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the importance of lipid transfer protein (LTP) sensitization in China. In this study, we investigated the relationship between LTP sensitization and the severity of clinical symptoms in a population of patients with mugwort pollen-related food allergy. METHODS Food-induced symptoms were evaluated in 148 patients with mugwort pollen allergy by a standardized questionnaire. Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) to Art v 1, Art v 3, Pru p 3, Ara h 9 and Cor a 8 were quantified by ImmunoCAP. Immunoblotting of peach extracts were performed with sera from peach-allergic patients. RESULTS In total, 72% (107/148) of the study population experienced food allergy. Forty-eight percent (51/107) of patients with mugwort pollen-related food allergy experienced at least 1 episode of food-induced anaphylaxis. Food allergy correlated with IgE reactivity to Art v 3, but not to Art v 1. Sensitization to Pru p 3, Ara h 9 or Cor a 8 was prevalent (80%, 69 or 63%, respectively) among individuals with food allergy. Food allergic patients with systemic reactions (SR) had higher values for Pru p 3, Ara h 9 and Cor a 8 than patients with oral allergy syndrome (OAS). Furthermore, the strong IgE reactivity detected in immunoblots of peach extracts indicated that Pru p 3 was the major allergen and was more prevalent in patients with SR than in patients with OAS (100% vs. 55%). CONCLUSIONS LTPs are major food allergens for mugwort pollen-related food allergy in China, and may contribute to SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Deng
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment on Allergic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment on Allergic Diseases, Beijing, China.
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12
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Chruszcz M, Kapingidza AB, Dolamore C, Kowal K. A robust method for the estimation and visualization of IgE cross-reactivity likelihood between allergens belonging to the same protein family. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208276. [PMID: 30496313 PMCID: PMC6264518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the vast number of identified protein families, allergens emanate from relatively few families which translates to only a small fraction of identified protein families. In allergy diagnostics and immunotherapy, interactions between immunoglobulin E and allergens are crucial because the formation of an allergen-antibody complex is necessary for triggering an allergic reaction. In allergic diseases, there is a phenomenon known as cross-reactivity. Cross-reactivity describes a situation where an individual has produced antibodies against a particular allergenic protein, but said antibodies fail to discriminate between the original sensitizer and other similar proteins that usually belong to the same family. To expound the concept of cross-reactivity, this study examines ten protein families that include allergens selected specifically for the analysis of cross-reactivity. The selected allergen families had at least 13 representative proteins, overall folds that differ significantly between families, and include relevant allergens with various potencies. The selected allergens were analyzed using information on sequence similarities and identities between members of the families as well as reports on clinically relevant cross-reactivities. Based on our analysis, we propose to introduce a new A-RISC index (Allergens’–Relative Identity, Similarity and Cross-reactivity) which describes homology between two allergens belonging to the same protein family and is used to predict the likelihood of cross-reactivity between them. Information on sequence similarities and identities, as well as on the values of the proposed A-RISC index is used to introduce four categories describing a risk of a cross-reactive reaction, namely: high, medium-high, medium-low and low. The proposed approach can facilitate analysis in component-resolved allergy diagnostics, generation of avoidance guidelines for allergic individuals, and help with the design of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - A. Brenda Kapingidza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Coleman Dolamore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Krzysztof Kowal
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Experimental Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Rial MJ, Sastre J. Food Allergies Caused by Allergenic Lipid Transfer Proteins: What Is behind the Geographic Restriction? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2018; 18:56. [PMID: 30206718 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-018-0810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To critically examine evidence suggesting that food allergy induced by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) follows a geographic pattern. RECENT FINDINGS LTP syndrome remains most common in the Mediterranean basin, with a clear gradient seen in prevalence of LTP sensitization between northern and southern Europe. We hypothesize that high levels of birch pollen seem to protect against LTP allergy, as these higher levels correlate with a lower prevalence of LTP hypersensitivity. Nevertheless, LTP food allergy cases still appear in areas having a high environmental level of birch pollen. Food allergy caused by LTP may be related to (1) primary sensitization to a food LTP allergen in the absence of pollinosis, (2) primary sensitization to LTP from a pollen source, and (3) co-sensitization to LTP from pollen and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rial
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. de los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERES, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Sastre
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. de los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERES, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Marcucci F, Sensi L, Cara GDI, Gidaro G, Incorvaia C, Frati F. Sublingual Reactivity to rBET V1 and rPHL P1 in Patients with Oral Allergy Syndrome. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/205873920601900114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS) in patients with pollen-induced rhinoconjunctivitis is caused by specific IgE recognizing cross-reacting epitopes of fruits and plants, which were clearly shown in vitro, but failed to be demonstrated in vivo by cross-challenges in the target organs. Considering the hypothesis of degradation of such epitopes in natural extracts, challenges with recombinant pollen allergens were done to evaluate the reactivity of the oral mucosa in OAS patients. Seventeen patients with OAS and rhinitis from birch (10) and grass pollen (7) and 10 non-atopic controls were studied by skin prick tests (SPT), allergen specific nasal challenges (ASNC) and allergen specific sublingual challenges (ASSC) with birch and timothy extracts and with rBet v1 and rPhl p1 at increasing concentrations from 1 to 1000 mcg/ml. None of the healthy subjects in the control group had any positive test for birch and timothy extracts or for recombinant allergens. In the OAS group the following results were observed: SPTs with recombinant allergens were positive in all patients, mostly at 10 mcg/ml concentration; ASNC with rBet v1 were positive in all patients, mostly at 100 mcg/ml; ASSC with natural pollen extracts were positive in only 2 of 17 patients, but in 15 of 17 with rBet v1 and rPhl p1, mostly at 500 mcg/ml and 1000 mcg/ml. ASSC with rBet v1 and rPhl p1 were positive with a mean concentration of 677 and 533 mcg/ml, respectively. The results of sublingual challenges with rBet v1 and rPhl p1 showed the in vivo cross-reactivity between pollens and foods in patients with OAS, but high concentrations of the recombinant allergens were needed to reproduce oral symptoms, thus explaining the failure of challenges performed with natural extracts, which have concentrations of major allergens lower than 50 mcg/ml. This indicates that sublingual mucosa is much less reactive to allergens than other surfaces, such as skin and nasal mucosa, probably because of its anatomic and immunologic peculiarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Marcucci
- Department of Obstetric, Gynaecologic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Perugia
| | - L. Sensi
- Department of Obstetric, Gynaecologic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Perugia
| | - G. DI Cara
- Department of Obstetric, Gynaecologic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Perugia
| | - G. Gidaro
- Scientific Department, Stallergénes, Milan
| | - C. Incorvaia
- Allergy/Rheumatology Unit, ICP Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Frati
- Department of Obstetric, Gynaecologic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Perugia
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15
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Wangorsch A, Larsson H, Messmer M, García-Moral A, Lauer I, Wolfheimer S, Schülke S, Bartra J, Vieths S, Lidholm J, Scheurer S. Molecular cloning of plane pollen allergen Pla a 3 and its utility as diagnostic marker for peach associated plane pollen allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 46:764-74. [PMID: 26892183 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTP) are considered to provoke allergic symptoms to plane tree pollen, which are frequently associated with peach allergy. OBJECTIVE The objective was to clone the cDNA of plane pollen nsLTP Pla a 3, to characterize IgE-binding and allergenic potency of recombinant Pla a 3 in comparison to its natural counterpart and peach nsLTP Pru p 3. METHODS Natural Pla a 3 was purified from plane pollen and analysed by mass spectrometry (MS). Recombinant Pla a 3 was characterized by SDS-PAGE and CD spectroscopy. Specific IgE to extract, components of plane pollen and Pru p 3 was measured by ImmunoCAP in sera of patients allergic to either plane pollen (n = 10), peach (n = 15) or both (n = 15). Biological potency of the proteins was investigated by in vitro mediator release assays and IgE cross-reactivity by competitive ELISA. RESULTS Two Pla a 3 isoforms were identified. Recombinant Pla a 3 showed high purity, structural integrity, IgE-binding capacity comparable to nPla a 3 and biological potency. Sensitization to plane pollen extract was confirmed in 24/25 plane pollen allergics. The frequency of sensitization to Pla a 3 was 53% among patients allergic to both plane pollen and peach and 10% among plane pollen allergics tolerating peach where most patients were sensitized to Pla a 1. Pla a 3 and Pru p 3 showed strong bi-directional IgE cross-reactivity in patients allergic to peach and plane pollen, but not in peach allergics tolerating plane pollen. Levels of IgE-binding were generally higher to Pru p 3 than to Pla a 3. CONCLUSION Sensitization to Pla a 3 is relevant in a subgroup of plane pollen allergics with concomitant peach allergy. IgE testing with Pla a 3 may serve as a marker to identify plane pollen allergic patients at risk of LTP-mediated food reactions and thereby improve in vitro diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wangorsch
- VPr Research Group Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - H Larsson
- ThermoFisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Messmer
- VPr Research Group Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - A García-Moral
- Allergy Unit, Pneumology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Lauer
- Test and Therapy Allergens, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - S Wolfheimer
- VPr Research Group Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - S Schülke
- VPr Research Group Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - J Bartra
- Allergy Unit, Pneumology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Vieths
- VPr Research Group Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - J Lidholm
- ThermoFisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Scheurer
- VPr Research Group Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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Scala E, Till SJ, Asero R, Abeni D, Guerra EC, Pirrotta L, Paganelli R, Pomponi D, Giani M, De Pità O, Cecchi L. Lipid transfer protein sensitization: reactivity profiles and clinical risk assessment in an Italian cohort. Allergy 2015; 70:933-43. [PMID: 25903791 DOI: 10.1111/all.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) represent a major cause of systemic food allergic reactions in the Mediterranean area. This study investigate hierarchical patterns and cluster relationships of IgE sensitization to different nsLTPs, and the relationship to clinical allergy in a large Italian cohort. METHODS A total of 568 nsLTP-positive subjects after IgE ImmunoCAP-ISAC microarray analysis with Ara h 9, Art v 3, Cor a 8, Jug r 3, Pla a 3, Pru p 3 and Tri a 14 allergens were studied. IgE inhibition experiments were carried out with mugwort and plane tree pollen extracts. RESULTS Eighty-two per cent of nsLTP-positive participants (94% if <6 years old) were Pru p 3(pos) , and 71% were Jug r 3(pos) . Participants who reacted to >5 nsLTPs reported a higher incidence of food-induced systemic reactions. Only Art v 3 and Pla a 3 (mugwort and plane tree nsLTPs, respectively) were associated with respiratory symptoms, and a correlation was observed between sensitization to pollen and plant food nsLTPs, particularly between Pla a 3 and tree nut/peanut nsLTPs. Co-sensitization to Par j 2 and PR-10 or profilin pan-allergens was associated with a lower prior prevalence of severe food-induced reactions. In inhibition assays, plane and mugwort pollen extracts inhibited 50-100% of IgE binding to food nsLTPs in microarrays. CONCLUSIONS Testing IgE reactivity to a panel of nsLTP allergens unveils important associations between nsLTP sensitization profiles and clinical presentation and allows the identification of novel cluster patterns indicating likely cross-reactivities and highlighting potential allergens for nsLTP immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Scala
- Experimental Allergy Unit; IDI-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - S. J. Till
- Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology; King's College London; School of Medicine; Guy's Hospital; London UK
| | - R. Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia; Clinica San Carlo; Paderno Dugnano Milan Italy
| | - D. Abeni
- Health Services Research Unit; IDI-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - E. C. Guerra
- Experimental Allergy Unit; IDI-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - L. Pirrotta
- Experimental Allergy Unit; IDI-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - R. Paganelli
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Science (DMSI); University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti Italy
| | - D. Pomponi
- Experimental Allergy Unit; IDI-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - M. Giani
- Experimental Allergy Unit; IDI-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - O. De Pità
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; IDI-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - L. Cecchi
- UOSD Allergy and Immunology; Azienda Sanitaria di Prato; Prato Italy
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Pauli G, Hutt N, Stchetchicova O. Pollinose au chêne, au platane, au plantain, à l’armoise. Mythe ou réalité ? REVUE FRANCAISE D ALLERGOLOGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Worm M, Jappe U, Kleine-Tebbe J, Schäfer C, Reese I, Saloga J, Treudler R, Zuberbier T, Waßmann A, Fuchs T, Dölle S, Raithel M, Ballmer-Weber B, Niggemann B, Werfel T. Food allergies resulting from immunological cross-reactivity with inhalant allergens: Guidelines from the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the German Dermatology Society (DDG), the Association of German Allergologists (AeDA) and the Society for Pediatric Allergology and Environmental Medicine (GPA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 23:1-16. [PMID: 26120513 PMCID: PMC4479449 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-014-0004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A large proportion of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergies in older children, adolescents and adults are caused by cross-reactive allergenic structures. Primary sensitization is most commonly to inhalant allergens (e.g. Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen). IgE can be activated by various cross-reactive allergens and lead to a variety of clinical manifestations. In general, local and mild — in rare cases also severe and systemic — reactions occur directly after consumption of the food containing the cross-reactive allergen (e. g. plant-derived foods containing proteins of the Bet v 1 family). In clinical practice, sensitization to the primary responsible inhalant and/or food allergen can be detected by skin prick tests and/or in vitro detection of specific IgE. Component-based diagnostic methods can support clinical diagnosis. For individual allergens, these methods may be helpful to estimate the risk of systemic reactions. Confirmation of sensitization by oral provocation testing is important particulary in the case of unclear case history. New, as yet unrecognized allergens can also cause cross-reactions. The therapeutic potential of specific immunotherapy (SIT) with inhalant allergens and their effect on pollen-associated food allergies is currently unclear: results vary and placebo-controlled trials will be necessary in the future. Pollen allergies are very common. Altogether allergic sensitization to pollen and cross-reactive food allergens are very common in our latitudes. The actual relevance has to be assessed on an individual basis using the clinical information. Cite this as Worm M, Jappe U, Kleine-Tebbe J, Schäfer C, Reese I, Saloga J, Treudler R, Zuberbier T, Wassmann A, Fuchs T, Dölle S, Raithel M, Ballmer-Weber B, Niggemann B, Werfel T. Food allergies resulting from immunological cross-reactivity with inhalant allergens. Allergo J Int 2014; 23: 1–16 DOI 10.1007/s40629-014-0004-6
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Affiliation(s)
- Margitta Worm
- />Allergie-Centrum-Charité Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta Jappe
- />Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie, Universität Lübeck, Germany
- />Forschungsgruppe Klinische und Molekulare Allergologie, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Schäfer
- />Ernährungstherapie, Allergologische Schwerpunktpraxis, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imke Reese
- />Ernährungsberatung und -therapie, Schwerpunkt Allergologie, München, Germany
| | - Joachim Saloga
- />Hautklinik, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Regina Treudler
- />Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- />Allergie-Centrum-Charité Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Waßmann
- />Dermatologisches Ambulatorium Hamburg-Alstertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Fuchs
- />Hautklinik, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Dölle
- />Allergie-Centrum-Charité Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Raithel
- />Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Pneumologie, Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Bodo Niggemann
- />Klinik für Pädiatrie, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- />Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany
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Nahrungsmittelallergie infolge immunologischer Kreuzreaktivitäten mit Inhalationsallergenen. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-014-0483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Anaphylaxis to plant-foods and pollen allergens in patients with lipid transfer protein syndrome. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 13:379-85. [PMID: 23426007 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32835f5b07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nonspecific lipid transfer protein (LTP) is the main cause of primary food allergy in adults living in the Mediterranean area. The way allergic patients get sensitized to this protein is all but established, and the clinical expression of sensitization is extremely variable, ranging from long-lasting symptomless sensitization to severe anaphylaxis. Such variability is seemingly due to the presence/absence of a number of cofactors. RECENT FINDINGS The possibility that LTP sensitization occurs via the inhalation of LTP-containing pollen particles seems unlikely; in contrast, peach particles containing the protein seem able to sensitize both via the airways and the skin. Cosensitization to pollen allergens as well as to labile plant food allergens makes LTP allergy syndrome less severe. In some LTP sensitized subjects clinical food allergy occurs only in the presence of cofactors such as exercise, NSAIDs, or chronic urticaria. SUMMARY Lipid transfer protein allergy syndrome shows some peculiarities that are unique in the primary food allergy panorama: geographical distribution, frequent asymptomatic sensitization, frequent need for cofactors, and reduced severity when pollen allergy is present. Future studies will have to address these points as the results may have favorable effects on other, more severe, types of food allergy.
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Sánchez-López J, Tordesillas L, Pascal M, Muñoz-Cano R, Garrido M, Rueda M, Vilella R, Valero A, Díaz-Perales A, Picado C, Bartra J. Role of Art v 3 in pollinosis of patients allergic to Pru p 3. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:1018-25. [PMID: 24080266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy caused by lipid transfer protein (LTP) from peach (Pru p 3) is frequently associated with sensitization to mugwort LTP (Art v 3). Although in vitro cross-reactivity is already well known, it has yet to be elucidated whether a pollen LTP can induce rhinitis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether mugwort LTP could elicit respiratory symptoms and whether a primary food LTP allergy could lead to a respiratory allergy. METHODS Patients with confirmed Pru p 3 allergy and control subjects were selected. Immediate responses to nasal allergen provocation tests (NAPTs) with Art v 3, Pru p 3, and mugwort were assessed by using the visual analog scale score, total nasal symptom score, and acoustic rhinometry. Tryptase and cysteinyl leukotriene (cysLT) levels were measured in nasal lavage fluid. Immunoblotting, ELISAs, and ELISA inhibition assays were also performed. RESULTS Fifteen patients and 9 control subjects were selected. NAPT results with Art v 3 and Pru p 3 showed significant changes in acoustic rhinometry, visual analog scale scores, total nasal symptom scores, and cysLT levels (P < .001). Tryptase levels were only increased in NAPTs with Pru p 3. NAPTs with mugwort were used in those patients who were only sensitized to Art v 3, with similar results (P < .05). No significant changes were detected in control subjects. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that a pollen LTP can elicit rhinitis in sensitized patients. Findings also suggest that a primary sensitization to Pru p 3 can lead to a respiratory allergy through cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Sánchez-López
- Unitat d'Al·lèrgia, Institut Clínic del Tòrax (ICT), Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Leticia Tordesillas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Servei d'Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB), Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Muñoz-Cano
- Unitat d'Al·lèrgia, Institut Clínic del Tòrax (ICT), Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Garrido
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Rueda
- Unitat d'Al·lèrgia, Institut Clínic del Tòrax (ICT), Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Vilella
- Servei d'Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB), Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Valero
- Unitat d'Al·lèrgia, Institut Clínic del Tòrax (ICT), Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araceli Díaz-Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Picado
- Unitat d'Al·lèrgia, Institut Clínic del Tòrax (ICT), Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Bartra
- Unitat d'Al·lèrgia, Institut Clínic del Tòrax (ICT), Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Douladiris N, Savvatianos S, Roumpedaki I, Skevaki C, Mitsias D, Papadopoulos NG. A molecular diagnostic algorithm to guide pollen immunotherapy in southern Europe: towards component-resolved management of allergic diseases. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 162:163-72. [PMID: 23921568 DOI: 10.1159/000353113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct identification of the culprit allergen is an essential part of diagnosis and treatment in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic diseases. In recent years, molecular biology has made important advances facilitating such identification and overcoming some of the drawbacks of natural allergen extracts, which consist of mixtures of various proteins that may be allergenic or not, specific for the allergen source or widely distributed (panallergens). New technologies offer the opportunity for a more accurate component-resolved diagnosis, of benefit especially to polysensitized allergic patients. The basic elements of molecular diagnostics with potential relevance to immunotherapy prescription are reviewed here, with a focus on Southern European sensitization patterns to pollen allergens. We propose a basic algorithm regarding component-resolved diagnostic work-up for pollen allergen-specific immunotherapy candidates in Southern Europe; this and similar algorithms can form the basis of improved patient management, conceptually a 'Component-Resolved Allergy Management'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Douladiris
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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23
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Ma S, Yin J, Jiang N. Component-resolved diagnosis of peach allergy and its relationship with prevalent allergenic pollens in China. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:764-767. [PMID: 23791512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikun Ma
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Nannan Jiang
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Pascal M, Muñoz-Cano R, Reina Z, Palacín A, Vilella R, Picado C, Juan M, Sánchez-López J, Rueda M, Salcedo G, Valero A, Yagüe J, Bartra J. Lipid transfer protein syndrome: clinical pattern, cofactor effect and profile of molecular sensitization to plant-foods and pollens. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:1529-39. [PMID: 22994350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple plant-food sensitizations with a complex pattern of clinical manifestations are a common feature of lipid transfer protein (LTP)-allergic patients. Component-resolved diagnosis permits the diagnosis of the allergen sensitization profile. OBJECTIVE We sought to clinically characterize and describe the plant-food and pollen molecular sensitization profile in patients with LTP syndrome. METHODS Forty-five subjects were recruited, after being diagnosed with multiple plant-food allergies sensitized to LTP, but not to any other plant-food allergen, according to the molecular allergen panel tested (Pru p 3 (LTP), Pru p 1 (Bet v 1-like), Pru p 4 (profilin) and those included in a commercial microarray of 103 allergenic components). IgE-mediated food-allergy symptoms and pollinosis were collected. Patients were skin prick tested with a plant-food and pollens panel, and specific IgE to Tri a 14 was evaluated. RESULTS A heterogeneous group of plant-foods was involved in local and systemic symptoms: oral allergy syndrome (75.6%), urticaria (66.7%), gastrointestinal disorders (55.6%) and anaphylaxis (75.6%), 32.4% of which were cofactor dependent (Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, exercise). All tested subjects were positive to peach and Pru p 3, Tri a 14 and to some of the LTPs included in the microarray. Pollinosis was diagnosed in 75.6% of subjects, with a broad spectrum of pollen and pollen-allergen sensitization. Plane tree and mugwort were the statistically significant pollens associated with Pru p 3. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Several plant-foods, taxonomically unrelated, independent of peach involvement, are implicated in LTP syndrome. Local symptoms should be evaluated as a risk marker for anaphylaxis because they are frequently associated with cofactor-dependent anaphylaxis. The association of these symptoms with pollinosis, especially plane tree pollinosis, could be part of this syndrome in our area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pascal
- Servei d'Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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Pauli G, Metz-Favre C. [Cross reactions between pollens and vegetable food allergens]. Rev Mal Respir 2013; 30:328-37. [PMID: 23664291 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2012.10.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association of food allergies and pollinosis are numerous, implicating tree, grass and weed pollens on one hand and on the other, several plant foods which after ingestion can induce an oral syndrome or more severe reactions such as urticaria, Quincke's edema, asthma and even anaphylactic shock. BACKGROUND The molecular basis of cross reactions between pollens and vegetable food allergens is increasingly understood. The principal allergens involved are those of the Bet v 1 family, and profilins found in all pollens as well as in many fruits and vegetables; these two groups of allergens are denatured by high temperatures and by gastric enzymes, in contrast to LTP, which is only found in weeds and some tree pollens. Other molecules can be involved in cross reactions such as Bet v 6 (an isoflavone reductase), 1 beta glucanases and thaumatine-like proteins. Inhibition experiments confirmed that the epitopes responsible for primary sensitization come mainly from pollen allergens; the cross-reactive molecular allergen is related to the geographic environment of the patients. CONCLUSIONS The practical aspects of managing these patients are underlined: explanations of co-sensitization, explanations for the lack of efficacy of some extracts, usefulness of a molecular diagnosis obtained either by CAP or microarray, prediction of severe clinical reactions induced by specific molecular allergens and the effectiveness of pollen immunotherapy on the cross-related food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pauli
- Université de strasbourg, hôpital Civil, bâtiment ancienne ophtalmologie, 1, place de l'Hôpital, BP 426, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France.
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Flores E, Cervera L, Sanz M, Diaz-Perales A, Fernández J. Plant Food Allergy in Patients with Pollinosis from the Mediterranean Area. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 159:346-54. [DOI: 10.1159/000338282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Allergenic lipid transfer proteins from plant-derived foods do not immunologically and clinically behave homogeneously: the kiwifruit LTP as a model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27856. [PMID: 22114713 PMCID: PMC3219694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Food allergy is increasingly common worldwide. Tools for allergy diagnosis measuring IgE improved much since allergenic molecules and microarrays started to be used. IgE response toward allergens belonging to the same group of molecules has not been comprehensively explored using such approach yet. Objective Using the model of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) from plants as allergens, including two new structures, we sought to define how heterogeneous is the behavior of homologous proteins. Methods Two new allergenic LTPs, Act d 10 and Act c 10, have been identified in green (Actinidia deliciosa) and gold (Actinidia chinensis) kiwifruit (KF), respectively, using clinically characterized allergic patients, and their biochemical features comparatively evaluated by means of amino acid sequence alignments. Along with other five LTPs from peach, mulberry, hazelnut, peanut, mugwort, KF LTPs, preliminary tested positive for IgE, have been immobilized on a microarray, used for IgE testing 1,003 allergic subjects. Comparative analysis has been carried out. Results Alignment of Act d 10 primary structure with the other allergenic LTPs shows amino acid identities to be in a narrow range between 40 and 55%, with a number of substitutions making the sequences quite different from each other. Although peach LTP dominates the IgE immune response in terms of prevalence, epitope recognition driven by sequence heterogeneity has been recorded to be distributed in a wide range of behaviors. KF LTPs IgE positive results were obtained in a patient subset IgE positive for the peach LTP. Anyhow, the negative results on homologous molecules allowed us to reintroduce KF in patients' diet. Conclusion The biochemical nature of allergenic molecule belonging to a group of homologous ones should not be taken as proof of immunological recognition as well. The availability of panels of homologous molecules to be tested using microarrays is valuable to address the therapeutic intervention.
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Identification of european allergy patterns to the allergen families PR-10, LTP, and profilin from Rosaceae fruits. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2011; 41:4-19. [PMID: 19851893 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-009-8177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High fruit intakes are associated with significant health benefits but fruit allergy sufferers may be discouraged from eating fruit due to the symptoms they experience. Knowledge about allergens involved in fruit allergy and the frequent cross-reactions to other allergens is essential to (a) design the best strategy for fruit allergy testing (b) prescribe optimal avoidance diets, and (c) design technological solutions for development of hypoallergenic fruits. The objective of this review was to investigate whether some characteristic disease entities could be identified in Europe for allergy to Rosaceae fruits. Five allergy patterns were found involving the allergen families PR-10, LTP, and profilin. In the Western Mediterranean area allergies to Rosaceae fruits are caused by monosensitization to LTP, monosensitization to profilin, or co-sensitization to both these allergens. On the contrary, monosensitization to PR-10 and, to a lesser degree, co-sensitization to profilin and PR-10 is dominant in Northern and Central Europe. LTP sensitization is present both in pollinosis and non-pollinosis patients and is associated with peach allergy in particular. The disease pattern for patients sensitized to profilin is characterized by several concomitant allergies including grass and other pollens, Rosaceae and non-Rosaceae fruits. Finally, PR-10 sensitization is primarily associated to concomitant birch pollen and apple allergy.
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Gadermaier G, Hauser M, Egger M, Ferrara R, Briza P, Santos KS, Zennaro D, Girbl T, Zuidmeer-Jongejan L, Mari A, Ferreira F. Sensitization prevalence, antibody cross-reactivity and immunogenic peptide profile of Api g 2, the non-specific lipid transfer protein 1 of celery. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24150. [PMID: 21897872 PMCID: PMC3163685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Celery (Apium graveolens) represents a relevant allergen source that can elicit severe reactions in the adult population. To investigate the sensitization prevalence and cross-reactivity of Api g 2 from celery stalks in a Mediterranean population and in a mouse model. Methodology 786 non-randomized subjects from Italy were screened for IgE reactivity to rApi g 2, rArt v 3 (mugwort pollen LTP) and nPru p 3 (peach LTP) using an allergen microarray. Clinical data of 32 selected patients with reactivity to LTP under investigation were evaluated. Specific IgE titers and cross-inhibitions were performed in ELISA and allergen microarray. Balb/c mice were immunized with purified LTPs; IgG titers were determined in ELISA and mediator release was examined using RBL-2H3 cells. Simulated endolysosomal digestion was performed using microsomes obtained from human DCs. Results IgE testing showed a sensitization prevalence of 25.6% to Api g 2, 18.6% to Art v 3, and 28.6% to Pru p 3 and frequent co-sensitization and correlating IgE-reactivity was observed. 10/32 patients suffering from LTP-related allergy reported symptoms upon consumption of celery stalks which mainly presented as OAS. Considerable IgE cross-reactivity was observed between Api g 2, Art v 3, and Pru p 3 with varying inhibition degrees of individual patients' sera. Simulating LTP mono-sensitization in a mouse model showed development of more congruent antibody specificities between Api g 2 and Art v 3. Notably, biologically relevant murine IgE cross-reactivity was restricted to the latter and diverse from Pru p 3 epitopes. Endolysosomal processing of LTP showed generation of similar clusters, which presumably represent T-cell peptides. Conclusions Api g 2 represents a relevant celery stalk allergen in the LTP-sensitized population. The molecule displays common B cell epitopes and endolysosomal peptides that encompass T cell epitopes with pollen and plant-food derived LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Gadermaier
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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Pastorello EA, Farioli L, Pravettoni V, Scibilia J, Mascheri A, Borgonovo L, Piantanida M, Primavesi L, Stafylaraki C, Pasqualetti S, Schroeder J, Nichelatti M, Marocchi A. Pru p 3-sensitised Italian peach-allergic patients are less likely to develop severe symptoms when also presenting IgE antibodies to Pru p 1 and Pru p 4. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 156:362-72. [PMID: 21829031 DOI: 10.1159/000324440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles played by different peach allergens with respect to symptom severity have not been completely ascertained. We have evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of peach recombinant allergens ImmunoCAP compared to peach in the identification of subjects at an increased risk for severe reactions to peaches. METHODS 148 peach-allergic patients were divided based on their symptom severity into 2 groups: mild oral allergy syndrome (OAS) and severe OAS. Anti-rPru p 1, 3 and 4 IgE levels were measured. Statistical analyses were carried out using parametric and non-parametric tests. RESULTS anti-rPru p 1 and anti-rPru p 4 IgE levels were significantly higher in patients with mild OAS than in patients with severe OAS (p = 0.0001); in contrast, anti-rPru p 3 IgE levels were significantly higher in patients with severe OAS than in patients with mild OAS (p < 0.00005). Moreover, we found that any unitary increase in anti-rPru p 1 IgE values corresponded to a 2.48% reduction in the odds of having severe OAS (p = 0.048), whereas any unitary increase in anti-rPru p 3 IgE values corresponded to a 9.02% increase in the probability of having severe OAS (p = 0.001). Unexpectedly, we found that patients positive to rPru p 3 as well as rPru p 1 and 4 demonstrated a significant reduction of the odds of developing severe symptoms than those positive to rPru p 3 alone. Anti-rPru p 3 IgE levels were a significantly better indicator than anti-peach IgE values (p = 0.016) of patients with the highest risk for severe OAS. A cutoff of 2.69 kUA/l for anti-rPru p 3 IgE values better discriminated peach-allergic patients at a higher risk for symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Italian patients with positive anti-rPru p 1, 4 and 3 IgE levels seemed less likely to experience the clinical effects of high anti-rPru p 3 IgE values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elide A Pastorello
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Schulten V, Nagl B, Scala E, Bernardi ML, Mari A, Ciardiello MA, Lauer I, Scheurer S, Briza P, Jürets A, Ferreira F, Jahn-Schmid B, Fischer GF, Bohle B. Pru p 3, the nonspecific lipid transfer protein from peach, dominates the immune response to its homolog in hazelnut. Allergy 2011; 66:1005-13. [PMID: 21352239 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are important food allergens. Often, patients allergic to the nsLTP in peach suffer from allergy to hazelnuts. We aimed to analyse the T-cell response to Cor a 8, the nsLTP in hazelnut and its immunological cross-reactivity with the nsLTP in peach, Pru p 3. METHODS Cor a 8-reactive T-cell lines (TCL) established from patients allergic to hazelnut and peach were stimulated with 12-mer peptides representing the complete amino acid sequence of Cor a 8 to identify its T-cell-activating regions and with Pru p 3 to investigate cellular cross-reactivity. T-cell clones specific for different major T-cell-activating regions of Pru p 3 were stimulated with Cor a 8. Both nsLTPs were subjected to endolysosomal degradation assays. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) cross-reactivity between Cor a 8 and Pru p 3 was assessed in inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS No major T-cell-activating region was found among 26 T-cell-reactive peptides identified in Cor a 8. Although generated with Cor a 8, 62% of the TCL responded more strongly to Pru p 3. This cross-reactivity was mediated by T cells specific for the immunodominant region Pru p 3(61-75) . Peptide clusters encompassing this region were generated during lysosomal degradation of both nsLTPs. Cor a 8 was more rapidly degraded by lysosomal proteases than Pru p 3. Pre-incubation of sera with Pru p 3 completely abolished IgE binding to Cor a 8, which was not the case vice versa. CONCLUSIONS T-cell reactivity to Cor a 8 is predominantly based on cross-reactivity with Pru p 3, indicating that the latter initiates sensitisation to its homolog in hazelnut. The limited allergenic potential of Cor a 8 seems to be associated with rapid lysosomal degradation during allergen processing and the lack of major T-cell-activating regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Schulten
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Tordesillas L, Sirvent S, Díaz-Perales A, Villalba M, Cuesta-Herranz J, Rodríguez R, Salcedo G. Plant lipid transfer protein allergens: no cross-reactivity between those from foods and olive and Parietaria pollen. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 156:291-6. [PMID: 21720174 DOI: 10.1159/000323503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-reactivity among plant food allergens belonging to the nonspecific lipid transfer protein (LTP) family is well known. In contrast, the relationship among these allergens and their putative homologs from olive (Ole e 7) and Parietaria (Par j 1) pollen has not been clarified. METHODS Sera with specific IgE to LTP allergens were obtained from peach-, mustard- and olive pollen-allergic patients. Purified LTP allergens from foods (peach, apple, mustard and wheat) and pollens (olive, mugwort and Parietaria) were tested by ELISA and ELISA-inhibition assays. RESULTS Plant food LTP-allergic patients showed a significantly higher number of sera (89-100 vs. 33-64%) with specific IgE and mean specific IgE levels (0.30-1.56 vs. 0.21-0.34 OD units) to the 4 food LTP allergens tested than to olive Ole e 7 and Parietaria Par j 1 pollen. ELISA-inhibition assays indicated cross-inhibition between food LTP allergens but no cross-reactivity between these allergens and Ole e 7 and Par j 1, or, even more, between the LTP allergens from olive and Parietaria pollen. CONCLUSIONS LTP allergens from olive and Parietaria pollen cross-react neither with allergenic LTPs from plant foods nor between themselves. Therefore, both pollens do not seem to be related with the LTP syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Tordesillas
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biotecnología, E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos, UPM, Madrid, España
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Santos A, Van Ree R. Profilins: mimickers of allergy or relevant allergens? Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 155:191-204. [PMID: 21293140 DOI: 10.1159/000321178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Profilins are ubiquitous proteins, present in all eukaryotic cells and identified as allergens in pollen, latex and plant foods. The highly conserved structure justifies the cross-reactive nature of IgE antibodies against plant profilins and their designation as pan-allergens. Primary sensitization to profilin seems to arise from pollen sensitization with later development of cross-reactive IgE antibodies against plant food (and possibly latex) profilins. The role of profilin in inducing allergic symptoms needs to be evaluated and raises important issues in allergy diagnosis due to cross-reactivity. IgE cross-reactivity among profilins is associated with multiple pollen sensitization and with various pollen-food syndromes. In respiratory allergy, sensitization to pollen to which the patient has virtually no environmental exposure has been identified as a manifestation of profilin sensitization. As a food allergen, profilin usually elicits mild reactions, such as oral allergy syndrome, is not modified by processing and is especially important in allergy to some fruits, such as melon, watermelon, banana, tomato, citrus fruit and persimmon. Purified natural and recombinant profilins for in vitro and in vivo allergy tests are helpful in the diagnostic work-up. Herein we review the current state of knowledge about the allergen profilin and its implications in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. We conclude that, although its role in triggering allergic symptoms is still controversial, profilin is undoubtedly a relevant allergen. As a pan-allergen, profilin is associated with multiple pollen sensitization and pollen-food-latex syndromes that the allergist has to be aware of in order to accomplish an accurate diagnosis and successful treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Santos
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. alexandrafigueirasantos @ gmail.com
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Egger M, Hauser M, Mari A, Ferreira F, Gadermaier G. The role of lipid transfer proteins in allergic diseases. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2010; 10:326-35. [PMID: 20582490 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-010-0128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are important allergens in fruits, vegetables, nuts, pollen, and latex. Despite their wide distribution throughout the plant kingdom, their clinical relevance is largely confined to the Mediterranean area. As they can sensitize via the gastrointestinal tract, LPTs are considered true food allergens, and IgE reactivity to LTPs is often associated with severe systemic symptoms. Although Pru p 3 represents the predominant LTP in terms of patients' IgE recognition, the contribution of pollen LTPs in primary sensitization cannot be ruled out. Due to structural homology, LTPs from different allergen sources are generally IgE cross-reactive. However, sensitization profiles among allergic patients are extremely heterogeneous, and individual cross-reactivity patterns can be restricted to a single LTP or encompass many different LTPs. Molecule-based approaches in allergy research and diagnosis are important for better understanding of LTP allergy and could assist clinicians with providing adequate patient-tailored advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Egger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg, Austria.
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Abstract
Development and progress made in the field of recombinant allergens have allowed for the development of a new concept in allergy diagnosis, molecular diagnosis (MD), which makes it possible to identify potential disease-eliciting molecules. Microarray-based testing performed with a small amount of serum sample enables clinicians to determine specific-IgE antibodies against multiple recombinants or purified natural allergen components. Performance characteristics of allergens so far tested are comparable with current diagnostic tests, but have to be confirmed in larger studies. The use of allergen components and the successful interpretation of test results in the clinic require some degree of knowledge about the basis of allergen components and their clinical implications. Allergen components can be classified by protein families based on their function and structure. This review provides a brief overview of basic information on allergen components, recombinants or purified, currently available or soon to become commercially available in ImmunoCAP or ISAC systems, including names, protein family and function. Special consideration is given to primary or species-specific sensitization and possible cross-reactivity, because one of the most important clinical utility of MD is its ability to reveal whether the sensitization is genuine in nature (primary, species-specific) or if it is due to cross-reactivity to proteins with similar protein structures, which may help to evaluate the risk of reaction on exposure to different allergen sources. MD can be a support tool for choosing the right treatment for the right patient with the right timing. Such information will eventually give clinicians the possibility to individualize the actions taken, including an advice on targeted allergen exposure reduction, selection of suitable allergens for specific immunotherapy, or the need to perform food challenges. Nevertheless, all in vitro tests should be evaluated together with the clinical history, because allergen sensitization does not necessarily imply clinical responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sastre
- Allergy Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is defined as the symptoms of IgE-mediated immediate allergy localized in the oral mucosa, and the characteristics depend on the lability of the antigen. Another term used for this syndrome is pollen-food allergy (PFS); the patient is sensitized with pollen via the airways and exhibits an allergic reaction to food antigen with a structural similarity to the pollen (class 2 food allergy). In addition to PFS, latex-fruit syndrome is also well-known as the disease exhibiting OAS. In treating the condition, it must be noted that most but not all symptoms of PFS are those of OAS. In many cases, antigens become edible by heating, but some are resistant to heating. Also, since the exacerbation of atopic dermatitis is occasionally observed after the intake of cooked antigens in asymptomatic individuals, careful inquiry of the history is important in designing the treatment. Immunotherapy against the cross-reacting pollen has also been attempted in PFS.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/complications
- Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/physiopathology
- Food
- Food Hypersensitivity/complications
- Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis
- Food Hypersensitivity/immunology
- Food Hypersensitivity/physiopathology
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/complications
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/physiopathology
- Latex
- Medical History Taking
- Molecular Mimicry
- Mouth Mucosa/immunology
- Pollen
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/complications
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan.
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37
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Rossi RE, Monasterolo G, Canonica GW, Passalacqua G. Systemic reactions to peach are associated with high levels of specific IgE to Pru p 3. Allergy 2009; 64:1795-6. [PMID: 19732048 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R E Rossi
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, DIMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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38
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Manifestations cliniques de l’allergie aux protéines de transfert lipidique. REVUE FRANCAISE D ALLERGOLOGIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Gadermaier G, Harrer A, Girbl T, Palazzo P, Himly M, Vogel L, Briza P, Mari A, Ferreira F. Isoform identification and characterization of Art v 3, the lipid-transfer protein of mugwort pollen. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:1919-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Lee YW, Choi SY, Lee EK, Sohn JH, Park JW, Hong CS. Cross-allergenicity of pollens from the Compositae family: Artemisia vulgaris, Dendranthema grandiflorum, and Taraxacum officinale. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2008; 99:526-33. [PMID: 18219834 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrysanthemum, dandelion, and mugwort belong to the Compositae (Asteraceae) family. Their cross-allergenicity has not yet been completely evaluated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the sensitization and cross-allergenicity of these 3 plants. METHODS We reviewed 6,497 respiratory allergic patients who underwent skin prick tests (SPTs) during the last 10 years (1995-2005) and analyzed the sensitization rates of the 3 pollens. We sorted this population by wheal size and selected the monosensitized or cosensitized patients. Their serum samples were used to evaluate specific IgE (sIgE) and cross-allergenicity of the 3 pollens by CAP, immunoblotting, and inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS On SPTs, mugwort, chrysanthemum, and dandelion sensitized 13.4%, 10.0%, and 8.5% of the enrolled population, respectively, and 5.2% of the population was cosensitized to all 3 pollens. Some patients were monosensitized to 1 species (1.5% to chrysanthemum, 1.4% to dandelion, and 4.5% to mugwort). In inhibition ELISA that used a pooled serum sample cosensitized to all 3 pollens, mugwort inhibited sIgE bindings to chrysanthemum, dandelion, and mugwort up to 95%, 86%, and 96%, respectively. The 50% inhibitory allergen concentrations for sIgE to each of the 3 species were not different between solid-phase antigen and mugwort. The mugwort sIgE of this pooled serum was suppressed up to 74% and 27% by chrysanthemum and dandelion, respectively. The 50% inhibitory allergen concentrations of chrysanthemum and dandelion for mugwort sIgE were 0.3 and 57.0 microg/mL, respectively, whereas that of mugwort was 0.05 microg/mL. We found a patient who was truly monosensitized to dandelion. CONCLUSION Chrysanthemum and dandelion were frequently cosensitized with mugwort in the general population with respiratory allergic diseases. These 2 species also showed extensive cross-allergenicity with mugwort. True monosensitization to these 2 species was possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Won Lee
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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41
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de Larramendi CH, Carnés J, García-Abujeta JL, García-Endrino A, Muñoz-Palomino E, Huertas AJ, Fernández-Caldas E, Ferrer A. Sensitization and allergy to Cannabis sativa leaves in a population of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)-sensitized patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 146:195-202. [PMID: 18268387 DOI: 10.1159/000115887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cases of allergy to Cannabis sativa have occasionally been reported, but both the allergenic profile and eventual cross-reactivity pattern remain unknown. OBJECTIVE To analyze the allergenic profile of a population of patients from Spain sensitized to C. sativa and to characterize the C. sativa leaf extract. METHODS A total of 32 subjects were enrolled in the study: group A, 10 individuals sensitized to tomato, reporting reactions by contact or inhalation to Cannabis; group B, 14 individuals sensitized to tomato, without reactions to Cannabis; group C, 8 individuals not sensitized to tomato and without reactions to Cannabis. Sensitivity to Cannabis, tomato and peach peel, Platanus hybrida and Artemisia vulgaris pollen extracts was measured by skin tests and specific IgE. Individual immunoblots and inhibition experiments with a pool of sera were conducted. RESULTS All tomato-sensitized subjects (and 1 negative) had positive skin tests to C. sativa leaves and hashish. Specific IgE to C. sativa and peach peel was more common than to tomato. Immunoblot experiments showed 2 prominent bands of 10 and 14 kDa and 2 weakly recognized bands of 30 and 45 kDa. Tomato, peach and A. vulgaris extracts inhibited most of the bands present in C. sativa. P. hybrida inhibited only the high-molecular-weight bands. CONCLUSION Sensitization to C. sativa with or without symptoms is frequent among patients in Spain sensitized to tomato. C. sativa leaves are a potential allergenic source and their allergens may cross-react with other allergenic sources from plants (fruit peels and pollen).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernando de Larramendi
- Unidad de Alergia, Hospital Marina Baixa, Villajoyosa (Alicante) and Centro de Especialidades Foietes, Benidorm, Spain.
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42
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Liu Q, Guo Z. Molecular cloning and characterization of a profilin gene BnPFN from Brassica nigra that expressing in a pollen-specific manner. Mol Biol Rep 2007; 36:135-9. [PMID: 17932787 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-007-9161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Brassica nigra is a newly found invasive species in Zhejiang Province, China. It distributes alongside the roads, in vegetable fields and on riversides. When it blooms, some natives there will suffer from allergic rhinitis. We designed gene-specific primer pairs according to reported profilin genes and successfully isolated their homolog from flower bud cDNA of B. nigra. The gene, designated BnPFN, was submitted to GenBank under accession number EU004073. BnPFN was 405 bp in length encoding 134 amino acids. Expression analysis of BnPFN gene was carried out by means of RT-PCR. The results showed that BnPFN express only in anthers and pollens, and there was no detection in roots, leaves, stems, sepals, petals and pistils. We suggest that BnPFN is a pollen-specific gene and may be responsible for pollen anaphylactic reactions in those invading areas when B. nigra blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinge Liu
- Department of Biology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, People's Republic of China.
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Lauer I, Miguel-Moncin MS, Abel T, Foetisch K, Hartz C, Fortunato D, Cistero-Bahima A, Vieths S, Scheurer S. Identification of a plane pollen lipid transfer protein (Pla a 3) and its immunological relation to the peach lipid-transfer protein, Pru p 3. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:261-9. [PMID: 17250699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between plane tree pollen allergy and plant food allergy has been described, but the cross-reacting allergens have not yet been identified. The aim of this study was the identification of homologous non-specific lipid-transfer proteins (nsLTPs) in plane pollen, and to investigate its immunological relationship with the peach LTP, Pru p 3. METHODS Three different patient groups were recruited in Spain: 22 plane pollen-allergic patients without food allergy (A), 36 plane pollen-allergic patients with peach allergy (B) and 10 peach-allergic patients without plane pollen allergy (C). Proteins from plane pollen extract were fractionated by ion-exchange and reversed-phase chromatography. Further methods applied were N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis, immunoblotting, enzyme allergosorbent test, CAP and basophil histamine release assays. RESULTS A 10 kDa IgE-reactive protein was purified from plane pollen and identified as nsLTP. Pla a 3 was characterized as a minor allergen (27.3%) in plane pollen-allergic patients without food allergy (A) and as a major allergen in plane pollen-allergic patients with peach allergy (B) showing a prevalence of IgE-reactivity of 63.8%. Group B contained patients sensitized to Pru p 3 without IgE-reactivity to plane-LTP (16.6%). By contrast, Pla a 3 IgE-reactive patients without sensitization to Pru p 3 could be found (16.6%). The sera of patients sensitized to both LTPs (50%), Pla a 3 and Pru p 3, showed different biological activity in histamine release assay: depending on individual patient's sera tested, Pla a 3 showed a similar, a stronger or a weaker allergenic potency in comparison with Pru p 3. CONCLUSIONS Plane LTP is a major allergen in plane pollen-allergic patients with peach allergy recruited in the Mediterranean area. The results of histamine release tests and different IgE-binding profiles pointed towards the existence of species-specific IgE epitopes. Likewise, no general conclusion on the sensitizer could be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lauer
- Department of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.
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Zuidmeer L, van Ree R. Lipid transfer protein allergy: primary food allergy or pollen/food syndrome in some cases. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 7:269-73. [PMID: 17489047 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32814a5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent findings on non-specific lipid transfer proteins in food allergy, with a specific focus on the localization, stability and route of sensitization. RECENT FINDINGS Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins are major food allergens, especially in the Mediterranean area. They have been identified as allergens in a number of foods and the list grows ever longer. As non-specific lipid transfer proteins are considered to be "true" food allergens that sensitize directly via the gastrointestinal tract their stability during food processing and gastric digestion has been studied in more detail. In addition, several groups have tried to determine the sensitization patterns of lipid transfer protein-reactive patients, to determine and possibly clarify the observed geographical differences in sensitization. Different sensitization routes (via the respiratory tract or even transdermally) have been suggested. SUMMARY As the structure and molecular properties of non-specific lipid transfer proteins are resolved and more purified non-specific lipid transfer proteins become available for diagnostic purposes, detailed studies on the sensitization pattern and route are becoming feasible. Continuing studies on the pattern of lipid transfer protein sensitization will give more insight into the development and possible treatment of lipid transfer protein-related food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurian Zuidmeer
- Laboratory of Allergy, Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Salcedo G, Sánchez-Monge R, Barber D, Díaz-Perales A. Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins: an interface between plant defence and human allergy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2007; 1771:781-91. [PMID: 17349819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant non-specific LTPs (lipid transfer proteins) form a protein family of basic polypeptides of 9 kDa ubiquitously distributed throughout the plant kingdom. The members of this family are located extracellularly, usually associated with plant cell walls, and possess a broad lipid-binding specificity closely related to their three-dimensional structure. The nsLTP fold is characterized by a compact domain composed of 4 alpha-helices, firmly held by a network of 4 conserved disulphide bridges. This fold presents a large internal tunnel-like cavity, which can accommodate different types of lipids. nsLTPs are involved in plant defence mechanisms against phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi, and, possibly, in the assembly of hydrophobic protective layers of surface polymers, such as cutin. In addition, several members of the nsLTP family have been identified as relevant allergens in plant foods and pollens. Their high resistance to both heat treatment and digestive proteolytic attack has been related with the induction by these allergens of severe symptoms in many patients. Therefore, they are probably primary sensitizers by the oral route. nsLTP sensitization shows an unexpected pattern throughout Europe, with a high prevalence in the Mediterranean area, but a low incidence in Northern and Central European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Salcedo
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biotecnología, E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos, UPM, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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Fiocchi A, Assa'ad A, Bahna S. Food allergy and the introduction of solid foods to infants: a consensus document. Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006; 97:10-20; quiz 21, 77. [PMID: 16892776 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To make recommendations based on a critical review of the evidence for the timing of the introduction of solid foods and its possible role in the development of food allergy. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE searches using the following search algorithm: [weaning AND infant AND allergy]/[food allergy AND sensitization]/[dietary prevention AND food allergy OR allergens]/[Jan 1980-Feb 2006]. STUDY SELECTION Using the authors' clinical experience and research expertise, 52 studies were retrieved that satisfied the following conditions: English language, journal impact factor above 1 or scientific society, expert, or institutional publication, and appraisable using the World Health Organization categories of evidence. RESULTS Available information suggests that early introduction can increase the risk of food allergy, that avoidance of solids can prevent the development of specific food allergies, that some foods are more allergenic than others, and that some food allergies are more persistent than others. CONCLUSIONS Pediatricians and allergists should cautiously individualize the introduction of solids into the infants' diet. With assessed risk of allergy, the optimal age for the introduction of selected supplemental foods should be 6 months, dairy products 12 months, hen's egg 24 months, and peanut, tree nuts, fish, and seafood at least 36 months. For all infants, complementary feeding can be introduced from the sixth month, and egg, peanut, tree nuts, fish, and seafood introduction require caution. Foods should be introduced one at a time in small amounts. Mixed foods containing various food allergens should not be given unless tolerance to every ingredient has been assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fiocchi
- American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Melloni Paediatria, University of Milan Medical School, Melloni Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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Carnés J, Ferrer A, Fernández-Caldas E. Allergenicity of 10 different apple varieties. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006; 96:564-70. [PMID: 16680927 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)63551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 100 apple varieties are consumed worldwide. However, the allergenic composition of most apple varieties has not been fully characterized. OBJECTIVE To analyze the antigenic and allergenic profiles of 10 different commercially available apple varieties. METHODS Golden, Golden Perlim, Reineta, Reineta Parda, Fuji, Verdedoncella, Granny-Smith, Pink Lady, Royal Gala, and Starking apple varieties were carefully peeled. Peels were individually extracted and centrifuged, and the supernatants were collected, dialyzed, filtered, frozen, and freeze-dried. The extracts were characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblots. Protein content was measured using the Lowry-Biuret method. Twenty-two Spanish patients with oral allergy syndrome after apple ingestion were included in the study. Specific IgE to all apple varieties and birch pollen was evaluated. Eleven patients underwent skin prick testing using extracts of Golden, Starking, and Reineta Parda varieties to determine differences in their in vivo allergenicity. RESULTS The antigenic profile of the 10 varieties showed differences using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A 9-kDa band, which could correspond to Mal d 3, was visualized in all the extracts. The Starking variety had the highest protein content. Higher specific IgE values were also obtained for the Starking variety, and the lowest values were for Reineta Parda and Royal Gala. The largest wheals were obtained in all patients with the Starking variety, and the smallest with Reineta Parda. Fourteen patients (64%) recognized Mal d 3 in the Golden variety using immunoblots; 6 patients (27%), who also had specific IgE to Betula, recognized bands with higher molecular weights. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated differences in the antigenic and allergenic profiles of the analyzed varieties and a significant variation in Mal d 3 content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerónimo Carnés
- Laboratorios LETI, SL Research Laboratories, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
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Breiteneder H, Mills C. Nonspecific lipid-transfer proteins in plant foods and pollens: an important allergen class. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 5:275-9. [PMID: 15864088 DOI: 10.1097/01.all.0000168794.35571.a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Here we focus our attention on the structural stability and physicochemical properties of plant nonspecific lipid-transfer proteins (nsLTPs) as keys to their allergenicity. We further present the current opinions on the route of sensitization and include the latest additions to the nsLTP allergen family. RECENT FINDINGS Plant nsLTPs are small cysteine-rich lipid-binding proteins that play a key role in plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Besides their relevance for plant-pathogen interactions, nsLTPs have attracted interest as true food allergens which are of high importance to atopics in Mediterranean countries. It is now becoming clear that their molecular properties such as the remarkable stability to proteolysis and thermal denaturation are intrinsically linked to their allergenicity. These properties also facilitate sensitization via the gastrointestinal tract which allows these molecules to act as allergens independently of prior exposure to pollen. In addition, a group of allergenic pollen nsLTPs exists which seem to be only partially linked to the food nsLTPs by cross-reactivity. SUMMARY Research into the family of nsLTPs will continue to provide insights about the particular molecular properties that make an nsLTP an allergen and how primary sensitization occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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