1
|
Kurtoğlu A, Konar N, Akçınar F, Alotaibi MH, Elkholi SM. The Response of the Amputee Athlete Heart to Chronic Core Exercise: A Study on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters, and N-Terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:784. [PMID: 38792967 PMCID: PMC11123260 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular causes are frequently experienced in amputees. Research on the effects of chronic exercise on biomarkers and cardiac damage indicators in these individuals is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a core training program on brain natriuretic-related peptide, as well as hematological and biochemical parameters in amputee soccer players. Materials and Methods: The participants were randomly allocated to the following two groups: a core exercise group (CEG) and a control group (CG). While the CG continued routine soccer training, the CEG group was included in a core exercise program different from this group. During the study, routine hemogram parameters of the participants, various biochemical markers, and the concentration of brain natriuretic-related peptide (NT-pro-BNP) were analyzed. Results: after the training period, notable improvements in various hematological parameters were observed in both groups. In the CEG, there were significant enhancements in red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values. Similarly, the CG also showed substantial improvements in RBC, HCT, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), MCHC, MCH, red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLCR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW). Moreover, in the CEG, serum triglycerides (TG) and maximal oxygen uptake (MaxVO2) exhibited significant increases. Conversely, TG levels decreased in the CG, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and MaxVO2 levels demonstrated substantial elevations. Notably, the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels did not undergo significant changes in either the CEG or the CG following the core exercise program (p > 0.05). However, in the CEG, a meaningful positive correlation was observed between NT-pro-BNP and creatine kinase (CK) levels before and after the core exercise program. Conclusions: the findings emphasized the potential benefits of core training in enhancing specific physiological aspects, such as erythrocyte-related parameters and lipid metabolism, as well as aerobic capacity. Furthermore, the observed correlation between NT-pro-BNP and CK levels in the CEG provides intriguing insights into the unique physiological adaptations of amputee athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kurtoğlu
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, 10200 Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Nurettin Konar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, 10200 Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Faruk Akçınar
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Inonu University, 44000 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Madawi H. Alotaibi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa M. Elkholi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lasocka-Koriat Z, Lewicka-Potocka Z, Kaleta-Duss A, Siekierzycka A, Kalinowski L, Lewicka E, Dąbrowska-Kugacka A. Differences in cardiac adaptation to exercise in male and female athletes assessed by noninvasive techniques: a state-of-the-art review. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1065-H1079. [PMID: 38391314 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00756.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Athlete's heart is generally regarded as a physiological adaptation to regular training, with specific morphological and functional alterations in the cardiovascular system. Development of the noninvasive imaging techniques over the past several years enabled better assessment of cardiac remodeling in athletes, which may eventually mimic certain pathological conditions with the potential for sudden cardiac death, or disease progression. The current literature provides a compelling overview of the available methods that target the interrelation of prolonged exercise with cardiac structure and function. However, this data stems from scientific studies that included mostly male athletes. Despite the growing participation of females in competitive sport meetings, little is known about the long-term cardiac effects of repetitive training in this population. There are several factors-biochemical, physiological and psychological, that determine sex-dependent cardiac response. Herein, the aim of this review was to compare cardiac adaptation to endurance exercise in male and female athletes with the use of electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and biochemical examination, to determine the sex-specific phenotypes, and to improve the healthcare providers' awareness of cardiac remodeling in athletes. Finally, we discuss the possible exercise-induced alternations that should arouse suspicion of pathology and be further evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Lasocka-Koriat
- Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Lewicka-Potocka
- Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Kaleta-Duss
- Institute for Radiology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Anna Siekierzycka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics-Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- BioTechMed Centre/Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Lewicka
- Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lakin R, Polidovitch N, Yang S, Parikh M, Liu X, Debi R, Gao X, Chen W, Guzman C, Yakobov S, Izaddoustdar F, Wauchop M, Lei Q, Xu W, Nedospasov SA, Christoffels VM, Backx PH. Cardiomyocyte and endothelial cells play distinct roles in the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-dependent atrial responses and increased atrial fibrillation vulnerability induced by endurance exercise training in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2607-2622. [PMID: 37713664 PMCID: PMC10730243 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endurance exercise is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). We previously established that adverse atrial remodelling and AF susceptibility induced by intense exercise in mice require the mechanosensitive and pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF). The cellular and mechanistic basis for these TNF-mediated effects is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the impact of Tnf excision, in either atrial cardiomyocytes or endothelial cells (using Cre-recombinase expression controlled by Nppa or Tie2 promoters, respectively), on the cardiac responses to six weeks of intense swim exercise training. TNF ablation, in either cell type, had no impact on the changes in heart rate, autonomic tone, or left ventricular structure and function induced by exercise training. Tnf excision in atrial cardiomyocytes did, however, prevent atrial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and macrophage infiltration as well as conduction slowing and increased AF susceptibility arising from exercise training. In contrast, endothelial-specific excision only reduced the training-induced atrial hypertrophy. Consistent with these cell-specific effects of Tnf excision, inducing TNF loss from atrial cardiomyocytes prevented activation of p38MAPKinase, a strain-dependent downstream mediator of TNF signalling, without affecting the atrial stretch as assessed by atrial pressures induced by exercise. Despite TNF's established role in innate immune responses and inflammation, neither acute nor chronic exercise training caused measurable NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that adverse atrial remodelling and AF vulnerability induced by intense exercise require TNF in atrial cardiomyocytes whereas the impact of endothelial-derived TNF is limited to hypertrophy modulation. The implications of the cell autonomous effects of TNF and crosstalk between cells in the atria are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lakin
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Nazari Polidovitch
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Sibao Yang
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Mihir Parikh
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Ryan Debi
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Wenliang Chen
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Camilo Guzman
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Simona Yakobov
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Farzad Izaddoustdar
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Marianne Wauchop
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Immunity, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius 354349, Russia
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H Backx
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jia B, Hasse A, Shi F, Collins S. Exercise performance is not improved in mice with skeletal muscle deletion of natriuretic peptide clearance receptor. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293636. [PMID: 37917630 PMCID: PMC10621814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides (NP), including atrial, brain, and C-type natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, and CNP), play essential roles in regulating blood pressure, cardiovascular homeostasis, and systemic metabolism. One of the major metabolic effects of NP is manifested by their capacity to stimulate lipolysis and the thermogenesis gene program in adipocytes, however, in skeletal muscle their effects on metabolism and muscle function are not as well understood. There are three NP receptors (NPR): NPRA, NPRB, and NPRC, and all three NPR genes are expressed in skeletal muscle and C2C12 myocytes. In C2C12 myocytes treatment with either ANP, BNP, or CNP evokes the cGMP signaling pathway. Since NPRC functions as a clearance receptor and the amount of NPRC in a cell type determines the signaling strength of NPs, we generated a genetic model with Nprc gene deletion in skeletal muscle and tested whether enhancing NP signaling by preventing its clearance in skeletal muscle would improve exercise performance in mice. Under sedentary conditions, Nprc skeletal muscle knockout (MKO) mice showed comparable exercise performance to their floxed littermates in terms of maximal running velocity and total endurance running time. Eight weeks of voluntary running-wheel training in a young cohort significantly increased exercise performance, but no significant differences were observed in MKO compared with floxed control mice. Furthermore, 6-weeks of treadmill training in a relatively aged cohort also increased exercise performance compared with their baseline values, but again there were no differences between genotypes. In summary, our study suggests that NP signaling is potentially important in skeletal myocytes but its function in skeletal muscle in vivo needs to be further studied in additional physiological conditions or with new genetic mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Jia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Alexander Hasse
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Fubiao Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Sheila Collins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Robberechts R, Poffe C, Hespel P. Exogenous ketosis suppresses diuresis and atrial natriuretic peptide during exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:449-460. [PMID: 35771216 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00061.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that exogenous ketosis reduces urine production during exercise. However, the underlying physiological mechanism of this anti-diuretic effect remained unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether acute exogenous ketosis by oral ingestion of ketone ester (KE) during a simulated cycling race (RACE) affects the hormonal pathways implicated in fluid balance regulation during exercise. In a double-blind crossover design, 11 well-trained male cyclists participated in RACE consisting of a 3-h submaximal intermittent cycling (IMT180') bout followed by a 15-minute time trial (TT15') in an environmental chamber set at 28 °C and 60 % relative humidity. Fluid intake was adjusted to maintain euhydration. Before and during RACE, the subjects received either a control drink (CON) or the ketone ester (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (KE), which elevated blood β-hydroxybutyrate to ~2-4 mM. Urine output during IMT180' was ~20% lower in KE (1172 ± 557 ml) than in CON (1431 ± 548 ml, p < 0.05). Compared with CON, N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (NT-pro ANP) concentration during RACE was ~20% lower in KE (p < 0.05). KE also raised plasma noradrenaline concentrations during RACE. Performance in TT15' was similar between CON and KE. In conclusion, exogenous ketosis suppresses diuresis and downregulates α-natriuretic peptide activity during exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Robberechts
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven,, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chiel Poffe
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven,, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hespel
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven,, Leuven, Belgium.,DBakala Academy-Athletic Performance Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Agostinucci K, Manfredi TG, Cosmas AC, Vetter FJ, Engle SK. Comparison of ANP and BNP Granular Density in Atria of Rats After Physiological and Pathological Hypertrophy. Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:497-506. [PMID: 35608026 DOI: 10.1177/01926233221097970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are cardiac hormones located in atria granules. Both peptides respond to cardiac pressure and volume dynamics and accordingly serve as translation biomarkers for the clinical treatment of heart failure. Serum ANP and BNP play central secretary roles in blood pressure and cardiac output regulation and have proven utility as differential biomarkers of cardiovascular proficiency and drug-induced maladaptation, yet both peptides are impervious to exercise-induced hypertrophy. We employed immunoelectron microscopy to examine the effects of 28 days of chronic swim exercise or administration of a PPARγ agonist on atrial granules and their stored natriuretic peptides in Sprague Dawley rats. Chronic swimming and drug treatment both resulted in a 15% increase in heart weight compared with controls, with no treatment effects on perinuclear granule area in the left atria (LAs). Drug treatment resulted in larger size granules with greater BNP density in the right atria. Comparing swimming and PPARγ agonist treatment effects on ANP:BNP granule density ratios between atrial chambers revealed a shift toward a greater proportion of ANP than BNP in LAs of swim-trained rats. These data suggest a distinction in the population of ANP and BNP after chronic swim or PPARγ that makes it a novel metric for the differentiation of pathological and physiological hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Agostinucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas G Manfredi
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Arthur C Cosmas
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA.,Select Medical Sports Medicine and Outpatient Rehabilitation, West Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Frederick J Vetter
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Steven K Engle
- Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Popovic D, Damjanovic S, Popovic B, Kocijancic A, Labudović D, Seman S, Stojiljković S, Tesic M, Arena R, Lasica R. Physiological behavior during stress anticipation across different chronic stress exposure adaptive models. Stress 2022; 25:14-21. [PMID: 34904527 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.2006178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticipation of stress induces physiological, behavioral and cognitive adjustments that are required for an appropriate response to the upcoming situation. Additional research examining the response of cardiopulmonary parameters and stress hormones during anticipation of stress in different chronic stress adaptive models is needed. As an addition to our previous research, a total of 57 subjects (16 elite male wrestlers, 21 water polo player and 20 sedentary subjects matched for age) were analyzed. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on a treadmill was used as the laboratory stress model; peak oxygen consumption (VO2) was obtained during CPET. Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and N-terminal-pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) were measured by radioimmunometric, radioimmunoassay and immunoassay sandwich technique, respectively, together with cardiopulmonary measurements, 10 minutes pre-CPET and at the initiation of CPET. The response of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate was different between groups during stress anticipation (p = 0.019, 0.049, respectively), while systolic blood pressure, peak VO2 and carbon-dioxide production responses were similar. ACTH and cortisol increased during the experimental condition, NT-pro-BNP decreased and alpha-MSH remained unchanged. All groups had similar hormonal responses during stress anticipation with the exception of the ACTH/cortisol ratio. In all three groups, ΔNT-pro-BNP during stress anticipation was the best independent predictor of peak VO2 (B = 36.01, r = 0.37, p = 0.001). In conclusion, the type of chronic stress exposure influences the hemodynamic response during anticipation of physical stress and the path of hormonal stress axis activation. Stress hormones released during stress anticipation may hold predictive value for overall cardiopulmonary performance during the stress condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejana Popovic
- Division of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetozar Damjanovic
- Division of Endocrinology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Popovic
- Division of Endocrinology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Dragana Labudović
- Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Seman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Milorad Tesic
- Division of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ratko Lasica
- Division of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Le Goff C, Kaux JF, Dulgheru R, Seidel L, Pincemail J, Cavalier E, Melon P. The impact of an ultra-trail on the dynamic of cardiac, inflammatory, renal and oxidative stress biological markers correlated with electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. Acta Cardiol 2021; 76:739-747. [PMID: 32539581 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2020.1778871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the effects of a 64.2 km ultra-trail on the biomarkers of muscle damage, inflammation and oxidative stress, and compare the results observed with an ECG and an echocardiogram, both performed before and after the race.Thirty-three ultra-trail volunteers (45.8 ± 8.7 years old) were enrolled in our study. Three blood tests were drawn from each runner, one just before (TPRE), one just after (TPOST) and the last 3 h after the end of the race (TPOST3h).All the markers increased. The maximum concentrations observed were at TPOST3h and were significant (p < 0.001) for creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoform MB, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, uric acid and for the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidised glutathione. However, in the case of myoglobin, high-sensitive troponin T, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, oxidised glutathione, myeloperoxidase, cystatin C and creatinine, the most significant increases were at TPOST (p < 0.001). Modifications were observed in the medical imaging using echocardiography such as reduction of left ventricule end-sytolic and diastolic volumes and left ventricular global longitudinal strain. ECG showed electrical criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy and incomplete right bundle branch block after the race.Endurance races cause significant physiological stress to the body that can be measured by the increase of different biomarkers. From a laboratory perspective, it is important to take into account the possible exercise performed previous to the testing to avoid a misinterpretation of the results. From a training perspective, due to these increases in biomarkers, it is recommended that runners wait at least 72 h after an ultra-trail before subsequent training. In addition a transient impairment of ventricular function due to dehydration were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Le Goff
- Clinical Chemistry Department, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J-F. Kaux
- Physical Medicine and Sports Traumatology Department, SportS2, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, IOC Research Centre for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health, FIMS Collaborating Center of Sports Medicine, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - R. Dulgheru
- Department of Cardiology, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - L. Seidel
- Biostatistic Department, University Hosptial of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - E. Cavalier
- Clinical Chemistry Department, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - P. Melon
- Department of Cardiology, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leuchtmann AB, Adak V, Dilbaz S, Handschin C. The Role of the Skeletal Muscle Secretome in Mediating Endurance and Resistance Training Adaptations. Front Physiol 2021; 12:709807. [PMID: 34456749 PMCID: PMC8387622 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.709807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise, in the form of endurance or resistance training, leads to specific molecular and cellular adaptions not only in skeletal muscles, but also in many other organs such as the brain, liver, fat or bone. In addition to direct effects of exercise on these organs, the production and release of a plethora of different signaling molecules from skeletal muscle are a centerpiece of systemic plasticity. Most studies have so far focused on the regulation and function of such myokines in acute exercise bouts. In contrast, the secretome of long-term training adaptation remains less well understood, and the contribution of non-myokine factors, including metabolites, enzymes, microRNAs or mitochondrial DNA transported in extracellular vesicles or by other means, is underappreciated. In this review, we therefore provide an overview on the current knowledge of endurance and resistance exercise-induced factors of the skeletal muscle secretome that mediate muscular and systemic adaptations to long-term training. Targeting these factors and leveraging their functions could not only have broad implications for athletic performance, but also for the prevention and therapy in diseased and elderly populations.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cardiac Biomarkers and Autoantibodies in Endurance Athletes: Potential Similarities with Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Pathogenic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126500. [PMID: 34204386 PMCID: PMC8235133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The “Extreme Exercise Hypothesis” states that when individuals perform training beyond the ideal exercise dose, a decline in the beneficial effects of physical activity occurs. This is due to significant changes in myocardial structure and function, such as hemodynamic alterations, cardiac chamber enlargement and hypertrophy, myocardial inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and conduction changes. In addition, an increased amount of circulating biomarkers of exercise-induced damage has been reported. Although these changes are often reversible, long-lasting cardiac damage may develop after years of intense physical exercise. Since several features of the athlete’s heart overlap with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), the syndrome of “exercise-induced ACM” has been postulated. Thus, the distinction between ACM and the athlete’s heart may be challenging. Recently, an autoimmune mechanism has been discovered in ACM patients linked to their characteristic junctional impairment. Since cardiac junctions are similarly impaired by intense physical activity due to the strong myocardial stretching, we propose in the present work the novel hypothesis of an autoimmune response in endurance athletes. This investigation may deepen the knowledge about the pathological remodeling and relative activated mechanisms induced by intense endurance exercise, potentially improving the early recognition of whom is actually at risk.
Collapse
|
11
|
Jörres M, Gunga HC, Steinach M. Physiological Changes, Activity, and Stress During a 100-km-24-h Walking-March. Front Physiol 2021; 12:640710. [PMID: 33776795 PMCID: PMC7991843 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.640710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-endurance exercises like ultramarathons are known to elicit various metabolic and physiological changes in the human body. However, little is known about very long-duration exercise at low intensities regarding healthy human subjects. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in body composition and metabolism in long-endurance but low-intensity events. Methods Twenty-five male and 18 female healthy recreational athletes (age 34.6 ± 8.8 years; BMI: 22.4 ± 2.0 kg/m2) of the "100 km Mammutmarsch" were recruited for participation during the events in 2014-2016. Other than classical ultramarathons, the "Mammutmarsch" is a hiking event, in which participants were required to walk but not run or jog. It was expected to complete the 100-km distance within 24 h, resulting in a calculated mean speed of 4.17 km/h, which fits to the mean speed observed (4.12 ± 0.76 km/h). As not all participants reached the finish line, comparison of finishers (FIN, n = 11) and non-finishers (NON, n = 21) allowed differential assessment of performance. Body composition measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was determined pre- and post-event, and serum samples were taken pre-event, at 30, 70, and 100 km to determine NT-pro-BNP, troponin T, C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, total cholesterol, total creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, aminotransferase (AST), ALT, and sodium levels. Nineteen participants wore actimeter armbands (SenseWear®) to gain information about body activity and exercise intensity [metabolic equivalent of task (MET)]. Sixteen participants wore mobile heart rate monitors to assess mean heart rate during the race. Serum parameter alterations over the course of the race were analyzed with mixed-effects ANOVA and additional t-tests. All serum parameters were analyzed for correlation concerning different MET levels, speed, age, BMI, baseline NT-pro-BNP, mean heart rate during the race, and sex with linear regression analysis. Results We found significant elevations for muscle and cardiac stress markers (CRP, CK, CK-MB, AST, ALT, cortisol, and NT-pro-BNP) as well as decreasing markers of lipid metabolism (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL). Although the intensity level demanded from our participants was low compared with other studies on (ultra-) marathons, the alteration of tested parameters was similar to those of high-intensity exercise, e.g., NT-pro-BNP showed a fourfold increase (p < 0.01) and LDL decreased by 20% (p = 0.05). Besides the duration of exercise, age, BMI, training status, and sex are relevant parameters that influence the elevation of stress factors. Notably, our data indicate that NT-pro-BNP might be a marker for cardiovascular fitness also in healthy adults. Conclusion This low-intensity long-endurance walk evoked a strong systemic reaction and large cell stress and shifted to a favorable lipid profile, comparable to higher intensity events. Despite increasing cardiac stress parameters, there were no indications of cardiac cell damage. Remarkably, the duration seems to have a greater influence on stress markers and metabolism than intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jörres
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanns-Christian Gunga
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Steinach
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cardiac Biomarkers Following Marathon Running: Is Running Time a Factor for Biomarker Change? Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:1253-1260. [PMID: 33647880 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin T levels show a transient increase after marathon running. The aim of this study was to investigate whether running duration influences the patterns of changes in cardiac biomarkers. METHODS Twenty participants with fast and slow finishing times were included in the study. Blood samples were taken before the marathon race, immediately after, and 24 hours after the race. Samples were analyzed for NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin T concentration. Furthermore, a complete blood cell count was performed. RESULTS After the marathon race, the fast and slow runners showed similar changes of NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin T (ie, a transient increase). Curve estimation regression analysis showed a curvilinear relationship (quadratic model) between running times and NT-proBNP increments immediately after the race, with less of an increase in the very fast and the very slow runners (r2 = .359, P = .023). NT-proBNP increments immediately after the race were correlated to the decline 24 hours after the marathon (r = -.612, P = .004). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that NT-proBNP release immediately after marathon running varies in a curvilinear fashion with running time. It is speculated that low NT-proBNP release is associated with training adaptation in most elite runners and the relatively low cardiac stress in the slowest (but experienced) runners. The combination of less adaptation and relatively large cardiac wall and metabolic stress may explain the highest NT-proBNP values in runners with average running times. In addition, NT-proBNP decrements 24 hours after the race depend primarily on the values reached after the marathon and not on running time.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ferro MS, Mascaro MB, De Souza RR. Effects of aging on the secretory apparatus in the right atrial cardiomyocytes of rats. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151579. [PMID: 32778241 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac atria secrets polypeptide hormones usually called natriuretic peptides (NPs). These substances play a relevant role in the blood pressure regulation. The objective of the study was to estimate the effects of aging on the secretory apparatus of NPs in cardiomyocytes of the right atrium. Twenty male Wistar rats were studied: 10 young animals aged 3 months old (237 ± 27 g; mean ± SD) and 10 old animals aged 20 months old (450 ± 68 g; mean ± SD). The systolic blood pressure was verified instants before the moment of the euthanasia. Electron micrographs were prepared to quantify the area and density of the NP granules and the relative volumes of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and mitochondria. In addition, the number of pores per 10 μm of karyotheca was another variable evaluated. The significance of the results between the two groups evaluated was analyzed by the Student's t test (p < 0.05). The cardiomyocytes obtained from animals of the old group showed decreased in sectional area and density of secretory granules of NP and lower relative volume of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and mitochondria compared with the young rats. Moreover, the quantitative density of nuclear pores was significantly lower compared with the youngers. CONCLUSION: Aging causes hypotrophy of the cardiomyocytes of right atrium, similar to what occurs in ventricular cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
|
14
|
Mendez-Gutierrez A, Osuna-Prieto FJ, Aguilera CM, Ruiz JR, Sanchez-Delgado G. Endocrine Mechanisms Connecting Exercise to Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism: a Human Perspective. Curr Diab Rep 2020; 20:40. [PMID: 32725289 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-01319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the state-of-the-art regarding the exercise-regulated endocrine signals that might modulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and/or white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Exercise induces WAT browning in rodents by means of a variety of physiological mechanism. However, whether exercise induces WAT browning in humans is still unknown. Nonetheless, a number of protein hormones and metabolites, whose signaling can influence thermogenic adipocyte's metabolism, are secreted during and/or after exercise in humans from a variety of tissues and organs, such as the skeletal muscle, the adipose tissue, the liver, the adrenal glands, or the cardiac muscle. Overall, it seems plausible to hypothesize that, in humans, exercise secretes an endocrine cocktail that is likely to induce WAT browning, as it does in rodents. However, even if exercise elicits a pro-browning endocrine response, this might result in a negligible effect if blood flow is restricted in thermogenic adipocyte-rich areas during exercise, which is still to be determined. Future studies are needed to fully characterize the exercise-induced secretion (i.e., to determine the effect of the different exercise frequency, intensity, type, time, and volume) of endocrine signaling molecules that might modulate BAT activity and/or WAT browning or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, during exercise. The exercise effect on BAT metabolism and/or WAT browning could be one of the still unknown mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial health effects, and it might be pharmacologically mimicked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Technology Centre for Functional Food Research and Development (CIDAF), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Le Goff C, Farré Segura J, Dufour P, Kaux JF, Cavalier E. Intense sport practices and cardiac biomarkers. Clin Biochem 2020; 79:1-8. [PMID: 32097617 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are well established for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, heart failure and cardiac fibrosis. Different papers on cardiac biomarker evolution during exercise have been published in the literature and generally show mild to moderate elevations. However, the mechanism responsible for these elevations, reflecting physiological or even pathophysiological changes, still has to be clearly elucidated. There are also indications of higher cardiac risk in poorly trained athletes than in well-trained athletes. Whether regular repetition of intensive exercise might lead, in the longer term, to fibrosis and heart failure remains to be determined. In this review, we summarized the main research about the effects of intense exercise (in particular, running) on cardiac biomarkers (including troponins, natriuretic peptides, etc.). We found that cardiac fibrosis biomarkers seemed to be the most informative regarding the biological impact of intense physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Le Goff
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liege, Belgium.
| | - J Farré Segura
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liege, Belgium
| | - P Dufour
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liege, Belgium
| | - J F Kaux
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liege, Belgium
| | - E Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liege, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mourot L, Fornasiero A, Rakobowchuk M, Skafidas S, Brighenti A, Stella F, Zignoli A, Savoldelli A, Pellegrini B, Danese E, Lippi G, Tarperi C, Schena F. Similar cardiovascular and autonomic responses in trained type 1 diabetes mellitus and healthy participants in response to half marathon. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 160:107995. [PMID: 31901470 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This field experiment examined whether trained people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) have similar cardiovascular and baroreflex alterations after a 21-km running race when compared to healthy people. METHODS Nine T1D (39.0 ± 11.1 yr; 175.0 ± 10.2 cm; 70.8 ± 8.7 kg) were matched with 9 healthy participants (42.4 ± 5.8 yr; 175.7 ± 6.7 cm; 72.1 ± 8.5 kg) who ran an official half-marathon. Before and 1-hour after the race, cardiovascular variables, sympathetic activity (catecholamines), parasympathetic (heart rate variability analysis) modulation and cardiac baroreflex function (transfer function analysis) were assessed during supine rest and a squat stand test (forced blood pressure change). RESULTS Performance time and weight loss [104.0 ± 13.2 and 111.0 ± 18.7 min; -2.57 ± 1.05 kg (-1.88 ± 0.88%) and -2.29 ± 1.15 kg (-1.59 ± 0.59%)] for healthy and T1D participants, respectively) were similar. Before running, no significant differences in any cardiovascular or autonomic variables were noted between the groups. After 1 h of recovery, both groups exhibited post-exercise hypotension, accompanied by increased sympathetic activity, decreased parasympathetic modulation, and reduced cardiac baroreflex sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the pattern of change in cardiovascular and autonomic nervous activity to strenuous exercise are well maintained in T1D participants with a training history of at least 5 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Mourot
- EA3920 Prognostic Factors and Regulatory Factors of Cardiac and Vascular Pathologies, Exercise Performance Health Innovation (EPHI) Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Alessandro Fornasiero
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mark Rakobowchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Spyros Skafidas
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brighenti
- EA3920 Prognostic Factors and Regulatory Factors of Cardiac and Vascular Pathologies, Exercise Performance Health Innovation (EPHI) Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Stella
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Zignoli
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy; Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Aldo Savoldelli
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Pellegrini
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Danese
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cantor Tarperi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
de Andrade NS, Chucata KLB, Magalhães WV, Nucci RAB, Da Costa-Santos N, Dias IR, de Souza Lima HD, Maifrino LBM, de Souza RR. Ultrastructural effects of diabetes in the right atrium cardiomyocytes of elderly Wistar rats. Cardiovasc Pathol 2019; 45:107181. [PMID: 31865268 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2019.107181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of diabetes on quantitative parameters of right atrial cardiomyocytes of elderly rats. Wistar rats (14 months of age) were divided into two groups: streptozotocin-diabetic rats (DG) and control rats (CG). The groups were sacrificed at 16 months. Ultrafine sections of the right atrium were analyzed by electron microscopy. In elderly diabetic animals, histograms of the frequency distribution of natriuretic peptides according to their size showed increased number of small and medium peptides in relation to large peptides, which increased its numerical density leading to a decrease in the mean diameter of both natriuretic peptides. However, elderly diabetic animals remained normotensive. No significant difference was observed between the groups for the volume density of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. In conclusion, elderly diabetic rats showed increased functional activity of atrial cardiomyocytes with greater production of natriuretic peptides in association with a quantitative maintenance of cytoplasmic components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Souza de Andrade
- Laboratory of Morphological and Immunohistochemical Studies, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Uninove University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kemily Loren Barros Chucata
- Laboratory of Morphological and Immunohistochemical Studies, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Walkyria Villegas Magalhães
- Laboratory of Morphological and Immunohistochemical Studies, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aparecido Baptista Nucci
- Laboratory of Morphological and Immunohistochemical Studies, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nicolas Da Costa-Santos
- Laboratory of Morphological and Immunohistochemical Studies, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Roberto Dias
- Laboratory of Morphological and Immunohistochemical Studies, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Beatriz Mesiano Maifrino
- Laboratory of Morphological and Immunohistochemical Studies, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Romeu Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratory of Morphological and Immunohistochemical Studies, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pianca EV, Krause Neto W, Silva ASD, Gama EF, Souza RRD. ACUTE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXERCISE ON NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES OF WISTAR RATS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220192504214335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: The study of the effects of different types of physical exercise on cardiovascular physiology is increasing in the literature. The many mechanisms of hemodynamic control include the atrial release of natriuretic peptides. Although extensive evidence demonstrates their acute effects and the increase in their plasma concentration, it is not known whether both atria respond in a similar way to both types of natriuretic peptide in response to different types of exercise. Objective: To compare the acute responses of different exercise types in the atrial (ANP) and brain (BNP) natriuretic peptides of both atrial cardiomyocytes of Wistar rats. Methods: Animals were divided into control (CG), aerobic (AG), resistance (RG) and combined (ARG). The RG performed six climbs, with a load equivalent to 60% of body weight. The AG ran on a treadmill at a speed of 12m/min for 60 minutes. The ARG exercise consisted of three consecutive ladder climbs, followed by 30 minutes of running. Results: First, the right atrium released more ANP and BNP during all types of exercise; second, the resistance exercise released the most ANP and BNP in both atria; third, in the right atrium, aerobic and combined workouts released more small and medium ANP granules while resistance exercise released larger BNP granules; and fourth, in the left atrium, aerobic exercise released more ANP granules while resistance and combined exercise released larger ANP and BNP granules. Conclusion: All types of exercise induce partial release of natriuretic peptide granules, with greater response to resistance exercise. Furthermore, a particular and different response could be seen in both types of atria in the release of ANP and BNP. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment results.
Collapse
|
19
|
Souza RRD, Pacheco CF, Caperuto EC, Maifrino LB, Gama EF. Glutamine supplementation influences the secretory apparatus in the right atrial cardiomyocytes of resistance trained aged rats. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS DO ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbce.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
20
|
Martin TG, Pata RW, Jou D, Narowska G, Myrick K, Malloy KA, Lafalce AM, Feinn R. The influence of non-modifiable and modifiable factors on cardiac biomarkers after marathon running. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:1771-1778. [PMID: 30722651 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the influence of modifiable (training) and non-modifiable factors (age and gender) on cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels post-marathon. METHODS Thirteen female and nine male recreational runners participated in the 2015 Hartford Marathon. A venous blood draw was taken from each subject at 24 hours pre-race, immediately post-race and 24 hours post-race. RESULTS Weekly mileage and weekly long runs were recorded for a 12-week period prior to the marathon. No association was found between age and BNP (P=0.11, P=0.50) or cTnI (P=0.69, P=0.28) for either post-race time points. No association was found between gender and cTnI for either post-race time points (P=0.09, P=0.57). However, BNP elevation, at 24 hours post-race was more pronounced in females than males (P=0.047). For cTnI levels immediately post-race, a negative association was found for average weekly mileage (P=0.006), while a positive association was found for the number of long runs exceeding 20 miles (P=0.05). No association between training and BNP were found. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that female runners may experience greater cardiac stress than males. In addition, runners with greater weekly training mileage experienced less cardiac stress post-race, while runners who ran too many 20+ mile long runs, experienced more cardiac stress post-marathon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA -
| | - Rachel W Pata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
| | - David Jou
- Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
| | - Gabriela Narowska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
| | - Karen Myrick
- School of Nursing, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
| | - Kelly A Malloy
- Department of Physical Therapy, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
| | - Amanda M Lafalce
- Department of Physical Therapy, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
| | - Richard Feinn
- Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cardiac Biomarker Release After Exercise in Healthy Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2019; 31:28-36. [PMID: 30269651 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2018-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors evaluated the impact of acute exercise and 24-hour recovery on serum concentration of cardiac troponins T and I (cTnT and cTnI) and N-terminal fragment of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in healthy children and adolescents. The authors also determined the proportion of participants exceeding the upper reference limits and acute myocardial infarction cutoff for each assay. METHOD Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were systematically searched up to November 2017. Studies were screened and quality-assessed; the data was systematically extracted and analyzed. RESULTS From 751 studies initially identified, 14 met the inclusion criteria for data extraction. All 3 biomarkers were increased significantly after exercise. A decrease from postexercise to 24 hours was noted in cTnT and cTnI, although this decrease was only statistically significant for cTnT. The upper reference limit was exceeded by 76% of participants for cTnT, a 51% for cTnI, and a 13% for NT-proBNP. Furthermore, the cutoff value for acute myocardial infarction was exceeded by 39% for cTnT and a 11% for cTnI. Postexercise peak values of cTnT were associated with duration and intensity (Q(3) = 28.3, P < .001) while NT-proBNP peak values were associated with duration (Q(2) = 11.9, P = .003). CONCLUSION Exercise results in the appearance of elevated levels of cTnT, cTnI, and NT-proBNP in children and adolescents. Postexercise elevations of cTnT and NT-proBNP are associated with exercise duration and intensity.
Collapse
|
22
|
Shah AB, Zilinski J, Brown MG, Neary JH, Weiner RB, Hutter AM, Apple FS, Picard MH, Januzzi JL, Baggish AL. Endurance Exercise Training Attenuates Natriuretic Peptide Release During Maximal Effort Exercise: Biochemical Correlates of the "Athlete's Heart". J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1702-1709. [PMID: 30307785 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00293.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise training (ET) stimulates eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with left atrial dilation. To date, the biochemical correlates of exercise-induced cardiac remodelling (EICR) remain incompletely understood. Collegiate male rowers (n = 9) were studied with echocardiography and maximal-effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing (MECPET) before and after 90 days of ET intensification. Mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and high-sensitivity troponin T (hscTn) were measured at rest, peak MECPET, and 60 minutes post-MECPET at both study time points. ET resulted in eccentric LVH (LV mass = 102 ± 8 vs. 110 ± 11 g/m2, p=0.001; relative wall thickness = 0.36 ± 0.04 vs. 0.37 ± 0.04, p=0.103), left atrial dilation (74 ± 18 vs. 84 ± 15 mL, p<0.001), and increased exercise capacity (peak VO2 = 53.0 ± 5.9 vs. 67.3 ± 8.2 ml/kg/min, p<0.001). LV remodelling was characterized by an approximate 7% increase in LV wall thickness but only a 3% increase in LV chamber radius. The magnitude of natriuretic peptide release, examined as percent change from rest to peak exercise, was significantly lower for both MR-proANP (115 [95, 127]% vs. 78 [59, 87]%, p=0.04) and NT-proBNP (46 [31, 70]% vs. 27 [25, 37]%, p=0.02) after ET. Rowing-based ET and corollary EICR appear to result in an attenuated natriuretic peptide response to maximal effort exercise. This may occur as a function of decreased cardiac wall stress after ET as seen by disproportionally higher ventricular wall thickening compared to chamber dilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit B Shah
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Jodi Zilinski
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Marcel G Brown
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Jennifer H Neary
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Rory B Weiner
- Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Adolph M Hutter
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Fred S Apple
- Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, United States
| | - Michael H Picard
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - James L Januzzi
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fulghum K, Hill BG. Metabolic Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:127. [PMID: 30255026 PMCID: PMC6141631 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has a myriad of physiological benefits that derive in part from its ability to improve cardiometabolic health. The periodic metabolic stress imposed by regular exercise appears fundamental in driving cardiovascular tissue adaptation. However, different types, intensities, or durations of exercise elicit different levels of metabolic stress and may promote distinct types of tissue remodeling. In this review, we discuss how exercise affects cardiac structure and function and how exercise-induced changes in metabolism regulate cardiac adaptation. Current evidence suggests that exercise typically elicits an adaptive, beneficial form of cardiac remodeling that involves cardiomyocyte growth and proliferation; however, chronic levels of extreme exercise may increase the risk for pathological cardiac remodeling or sudden cardiac death. An emerging theme underpinning acute as well as chronic cardiac adaptations to exercise is metabolic periodicity, which appears important for regulating mitochondrial quality and function, for stimulating metabolism-mediated exercise gene programs and hypertrophic kinase activity, and for coordinating biosynthetic pathway activity. In addition, circulating metabolites liberated during exercise trigger physiological cardiac growth. Further understanding of how exercise-mediated changes in metabolism orchestrate cell signaling and gene expression could facilitate therapeutic strategies to maximize the benefits of exercise and improve cardiac health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Fulghum
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Bradford G. Hill
- Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gabrielli L, Sitges M, Chiong M, Jalil J, Ocaranza M, Llevaneras S, Herrera S, Fernandez R, Saavedra R, Yañez F, Vergara L, Diaz A, Lavandero S, Castro P. Potential adverse cardiac remodelling in highly trained athletes: still unknown clinical significance. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:1288-1297. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1484174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gabrielli
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & División Enfermedades Cardiovasculares. Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marta Sitges
- Cardiology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad Medicina, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Jalil
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & División Enfermedades Cardiovasculares. Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Ocaranza
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & División Enfermedades Cardiovasculares. Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvana Llevaneras
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & División Enfermedades Cardiovasculares. Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Herrera
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & División Enfermedades Cardiovasculares. Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & División Enfermedades Cardiovasculares. Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Saavedra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & División Enfermedades Cardiovasculares. Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Yañez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & División Enfermedades Cardiovasculares. Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Vergara
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & División Enfermedades Cardiovasculares. Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Diaz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad Medicina, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad Medicina, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pablo Castro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & División Enfermedades Cardiovasculares. Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Knechtle B, Nikolaidis PT. Physiology and Pathophysiology in Ultra-Marathon Running. Front Physiol 2018; 9:634. [PMID: 29910741 PMCID: PMC5992463 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this overview, we summarize the findings of the literature with regards to physiology and pathophysiology of ultra-marathon running. The number of ultra-marathon races and the number of official finishers considerably increased in the last decades especially due to the increased number of female and age-group runners. A typical ultra-marathoner is male, married, well-educated, and ~45 years old. Female ultra-marathoners account for ~20% of the total number of finishers. Ultra-marathoners are older and have a larger weekly training volume, but run more slowly during training compared to marathoners. Previous experience (e.g., number of finishes in ultra-marathon races and personal best marathon time) is the most important predictor variable for a successful ultra-marathon performance followed by specific anthropometric (e.g., low body mass index, BMI, and low body fat) and training (e.g., high volume and running speed during training) characteristics. Women are slower than men, but the sex difference in performance decreased in recent years to ~10–20% depending upon the length of the ultra-marathon. The fastest ultra-marathon race times are generally achieved at the age of 35–45 years or older for both women and men, and the age of peak performance increases with increasing race distance or duration. An ultra-marathon leads to an energy deficit resulting in a reduction of both body fat and skeletal muscle mass. An ultra-marathon in combination with other risk factors, such as extreme weather conditions (either heat or cold) or the country where the race is held, can lead to exercise-associated hyponatremia. An ultra-marathon can also lead to changes in biomarkers indicating a pathological process in specific organs or organ systems such as skeletal muscles, heart, liver, kidney, immune and endocrine system. These changes are usually temporary, depending on intensity and duration of the performance, and usually normalize after the race. In longer ultra-marathons, ~50–60% of the participants experience musculoskeletal problems. The most common injuries in ultra-marathoners involve the lower limb, such as the ankle and the knee. An ultra-marathon can lead to an increase in creatine-kinase to values of 100,000–200,000 U/l depending upon the fitness level of the athlete and the length of the race. Furthermore, an ultra-marathon can lead to changes in the heart as shown by changes in cardiac biomarkers, electro- and echocardiography. Ultra-marathoners often suffer from digestive problems and gastrointestinal bleeding after an ultra-marathon is not uncommon. Liver enzymes can also considerably increase during an ultra-marathon. An ultra-marathon often leads to a temporary reduction in renal function. Ultra-marathoners often suffer from upper respiratory infections after an ultra-marathon. Considering the increased number of participants in ultra-marathons, the findings of the present review would have practical applications for a large number of sports scientists and sports medicine practitioners working in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Wir stellen die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse zu Organschädigungen durch einen Ultramarathon zusammen. Nach einem Ultramarathon können kardiale Biomarker wie CK, CK-MB, kardiales Troponin I (cTnI) und N-terminales pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-pro BNP) erhöht sein. Bis 80 % und mehr der Finisher klagen über Verdauungsprobleme, die einer der Hauptgründe sind, einen Ultramarathon nicht zu finishen. Bis zu 90 % der Läufer, die einen Ultramarathon aufgeben, klagen über Übelkeit. Nach einem Ultramarathon steigen die Leberwerte oft an, schwerwiegende Konsequenzen bleiben meist aus. Risikofaktoren für eine Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion sind eine ausgeprägte Muskelschädigung mit Rhabdomyolyse, Dehydratation, Hypotonie, Hyperurikämie, Hyponatriämie, geringe Wettkampferfahrung sowie die Einnahme von NSARs. Ultraläufer leiden nach einem Ultramarathon oft an Infekten der oberen Atemwege.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beat Knechtle
- 1 Medbase St. Gallen
- 2 Institut für Hausarztmedizin, Universität Zürich
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Hunt H, Cave N, Bridges J, Gedye K, Hill K. Plasma NT-proBNP and Cell-Free DNA Concentrations after Prolonged Strenuous Exercise in Working Farm Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:135-141. [PMID: 29197094 PMCID: PMC5787186 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration is increased in dogs with myocardial dysfunction, and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) increases in numerous disease states. In humans, both of these biomarkers can be altered after endurance exercise. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of prolonged strenuous exercise on circulating NT-proBNP and cfDNA concentrations in working farm dogs. ANIMALS Six healthy, privately owned working farm dogs (4 Huntaways and 2 heading dogs) from the same hill country farm in New Zealand. METHODS Prospective, nonrandomised cohort study. Venous blood samples were collected before and after the dogs worked over 4 days. Plasma NT-proBNP concentrations were measured by a commercially available ELISA assay and cfDNA concentrations were determined by fluorometry without prior DNA extraction. RESULTS The baseline (before work, Day 1) median plasma NT-proBNP concentration was 664 pmol/L. A linear mixed-effects model showed that work increased plasma NT-proBNP concentrations by 101 ± 9% (P < 0.001), but with each consecutive day of work, NT-proBNP concentrations declined by 16 ± 4% (P < 0.001). The baseline median plasma cfDNA concentration was 653 ng/mL, and plasma cfDNA concentrations increased by 138 ± 45 ng/mL after work (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The plasma concentration of NT-proBNP in healthy Huntaways and heading dogs after work can exceed the upper limit of the reference range. Results in dogs sampled on the day of prolonged strenuous exercise should be interpreted with caution. Plasma concentrations of cfDNA also increase with exercise, but further studies are needed to establish reference ranges in healthy dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hunt
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - N. Cave
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - J. Bridges
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - K. Gedye
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - K. Hill
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Karbasi S, Zaeemi M, Mohri M, Rashidlamir A, Moosavi Z. Effects of testosterone enanthate and resistance training on myocardium in Wistar rats; clinical and anatomical pathology. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 29047154 DOI: 10.1111/and.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effects of 8 weeks testosterone enanthate (TE) injection and resistance training (RT) on cardiac muscle in male Wistar rats. A total of 28 male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; control + placebo, RT + placebo, TE and TE + RT. Testosterone enanthate (20 mg/kg BW, IM) and placebo (olive oil; 0.2 ml, IM) were injected twice a week for 2 months. The RT consisted of climbing (5 reps/3 sets) a ladder carrying a load suspended from the tail. The serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and serum level of creatinine, urea and cardiac troponin I (CTnI) were evaluated. After sacrifice, samples from myocardial muscle were collected for histopathology evaluation. The serum concentration of CTnI and CK-MB activity significantly increased in group RT compared with control (p < .05). In group RT + TE, all biomarkers of muscle damage (CTnI, CK-MB, AST, LDH) were significantly more than those in control (p < .05). Also, mild myocardial hypertrophy was observed in RT and RT + TE groups. The higher level of all heart damage biomarkers in the RT + TE group rather than control may indicate the synergistic effects of medication and exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Karbasi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Zaeemi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Mohri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Rashidlamir
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Z Moosavi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Limkakeng AT, Drake W, Lokhnygina Y, Meyers HP, Shogilev D, Christenson RH, Newby LK. Myocardial Ischemia on Exercise Stress Echocardiography Testing Is Not Associated with Changes in Troponin T Concentrations. J Appl Lab Med 2017; 1:532-543. [PMID: 33379806 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2016.021667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some posit that any amount of myocardial ischemia can be detected by high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays. We hypothesized that patients with myocardial ischemia induced by exercise stress would have significantly higher increases in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) concentrations than patients without ischemia. METHODS We prospectively recruited for a biorepository 317 adult patients who presented to an academic hospital emergency department for evaluation possible ischemic symptoms and who were scheduled for exercise echocardiography. Blood samples were obtained before stress testing and 2-h post-testing. For this study, plasma hs-cTnT (Roche Diagnostics) concentrations were determined in a core laboratory blinded to clinical status. Absolute and relative changes between baseline and 2-h post-stress measurements were compared between patients with and without ischemia induced by stress testing. RESULTS The median age was 51 (44.0, 60.0) years, 45.9% were male, and 37.8% were African American. In total, 26 patients (8.1%) had myocardial ischemia induced by exercise. Median baseline, 2-h post-stress, and absolute δ concentrations were, respectively, 6.0, 8.0, and 0.2 ng/L for patients with evidence of ischemia; 3.8, 4.6, and 0.0 ng/L for those without; and 3.9, 4.9, and 0.0 ng/L overall. Baseline and 2-h hs-cTnT concentrations were higher among patients with abnormal stress tests (all P ≤0.05), but absolute and relative changes in hs-cTnT concentrations were not significantly different between individuals with ischemia and individuals without. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence of change in hs-cTnT values in response to exercise stress testing, regardless of the presence of myocardial ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Limkakeng
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Weiying Drake
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Yuliya Lokhnygina
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Harvey P Meyers
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Daniel Shogilev
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Robert H Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - L Kristin Newby
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lindsay A, Lewis JG, Gill N, Draper N, Gieseg SP. No relationship exists between urinary NT-proBNP and GPS technology in professional rugby union. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20:790-794. [PMID: 28169150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the level of cardiovascular stress associated with professional rugby union and whether these changes could be explained through external workload systems like GPS and video analysis. DESIGN Urine samples (14 in game one and 13 in game two) were collected from professional rugby players before, immediately post- and 36h post-play in two consecutive games. METHODS Urine was analysed for NT-proBNP by ELISA. Comparison with GPS (player-load and distance covered at specific speed bands) and video analysis (total impacts) were conducted. RESULTS There was a significant increase in urinary NT-proBNP during game one (31.6±5.4 to 53.5±10.8pg/mL) and game two (35.4±3.9 to 49.8±11.7pg/mL) that did not correlate with the number of impacts, total distance covered, distance covered at pre-determined speed bands or player-load. Concentrations returned to pre-game concentrations 36h post-game whilst a large inter-individual variation in NT-proBNP was observed among players (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Professional rugby union causes a transient increase in cardiovascular stress that seems to be independent of the external workload characteristics of a player.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angus Lindsay
- Free Radical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, USA.
| | - John G Lewis
- Steroid and Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Gill
- New Zealand Rugby Union, New Zealand; Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Nick Draper
- College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P Gieseg
- Free Radical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; Department of Radiology, University of Otago, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Paracrine cross-talk between skeletal muscle and macrophages in exercise by PGC-1α-controlled BNP. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40789. [PMID: 28091624 PMCID: PMC5238507 DOI: 10.1038/srep40789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of resident and infiltrating immune cells is a central event in training adaptation and other contexts of skeletal muscle repair and regeneration. A precise orchestration of inflammatory events in muscle fibers and immune cells is required after recurrent contraction-relaxation cycles. However, the mechanistic aspects of this important regulation remain largely unknown. We now demonstrate that besides a dominant role in controlling cellular metabolism, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) also has a profound effect on cytokine expression in muscle tissue. Muscle PGC-1α expression results in activation of tissue-resident macrophages, at least in part mediated by PGC-1α-dependent B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) production and secretion. Positive effects of exercise in metabolic diseases and other pathologies associated with chronic inflammation could accordingly involve the PGC-1α-BNP axis and thereby provide novel targets for therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
33
|
Aengevaeren VL, Hopman MT, Thijssen DH, van Kimmenade RR, de Boer MJ, Eijsvogels TM. Endurance exercise-induced changes in BNP concentrations in cardiovascular patients versus healthy controls. Int J Cardiol 2017; 227:430-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
34
|
Courand PY, Harbaoui B, Bècle C, Mouly-Bertin C, Lantelme P. Plasma NT-proBNP mirrors the deleterious cardiovascular and renal continuum in hypertension. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016; 24:452-459. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487316683070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Courand
- Cardiology Department, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Center, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse et Hôpital de Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, CREATIS, Université Claude Bernard, France
| | - Brahim Harbaoui
- Cardiology Department, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Center, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse et Hôpital de Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, CREATIS, Université Claude Bernard, France
| | - Clément Bècle
- Cardiology Department, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Center, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse et Hôpital de Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Carine Mouly-Bertin
- Cardiology Department, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Center, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse et Hôpital de Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Lantelme
- Cardiology Department, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Center, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse et Hôpital de Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, CREATIS, Université Claude Bernard, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nakatani Y, Kumagai K, Naito S, Nakamura K, Minami K, Nakano M, Sasaki T, Kinugawa K, Oshima S. Accessory pathway location affects brain natriuretic peptide level in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2016; 48:81-88. [PMID: 27815796 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-016-0205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the accessory pathway location and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. METHODS We divided 102 WPW syndrome patients with normal left ventricular systolic function into four groups: those with manifest right (MR, n = 14), manifest septal (MS, n = 11), manifest left (ML, n = 30), and concealed (C, n = 47) accessory pathways. BNP level and electrophysiological properties, including difference in timing of the ventricular electrogram between the His bundle area and the distal coronary sinus area (His-CS delay), which indicate intraventricular dyssynchrony, were compared. RESULTS BNP levels (pg/dl) were higher in the MR and MS groups than in the ML and C groups (MR, 64 ± 58; MS, 55 ± 45; ML, 17 ± 15; C, 25 ± 21; P < 0.001). AV intervals (ms) were shorter in the MR and MS groups than in the ML and C groups (MR, 76 ± 16; MS, 83 ± 6; ML, 101 ± 19; C, 136 ± 20; P < 0.001). His-CS delay (ms) was longer in the MR group than in the other groups (MR, 50 ± 15; MS, 21 ± 7; ML, 23 ± 10; C, 19 ± 8; P < 0.001). The AV interval (P < 0.01) and the His-CS delay (P < 0.001) were negatively and positively correlated, respectively, with the BNP level. CONCLUSION Anterograde conduction with a right or septal accessory pathway increased the BNP level in WPW syndrome patients with normal cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nakatani
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Koji Kumagai
- Division of Cardiology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shigeto Naito
- Division of Cardiology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kohki Nakamura
- Division of Cardiology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kentaro Minami
- Division of Cardiology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Division of Cardiology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takehito Sasaki
- Division of Cardiology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kinugawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshima
- Division of Cardiology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, Gunma, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Oliveira VGCD, Maifrino LBM, Pithon-Curi TC, França ED, Souza RRD. EFFECTS OF AEROBIC TRAINING ON THE CARDIOMYOCYTES OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM OF MICE. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220162205155776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Polypeptide hormones (natriuretic peptides, NPs) are secreted by the cardiac atria and play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. Objective: To evaluate the effects of aerobic training on the secretory apparatus of NPs in cardiomyocytes of the right atrium. Methods: Nine-month-old mice were divided in two groups (n=10): control group (CG) and trained group (TG). The training protocol was performed on a motor treadmill for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was measured at the beginning of the experiment (9 months of age) and at moment of the sacrifice (11 months of age). Electron micrographs were used to quantify the following variables: the quantitative density and area of NP granules, the relative volumes of the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex and the relative volume of euchromatin in the nucleus and the number of pores per 10 µm of the nuclear membrane. The results were compared by Student's t test (p< 0.05). Results: The cardiomyocytes obtained from TG mice showed increased density and sectional area of secretory granules of NP, higher relative volume of endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and Golgi complex compared with the CG mice. Furthermore, the quantitative density of nuclear pores and the relative volume of euchromatin in the nucleus were significantly higher compared with the CG mice. Conclusion: Aerobic training caused hypertrophy of the secretory apparatus in the cardiomyocytes of right atrium, which could explain the intense synthesis of natriuretic peptides in trained mice with respect to the untrained mice.
Collapse
|
37
|
The Effects of Exercise on Natriuretic Peptides in Individuals without Heart Failure. Sports (Basel) 2016; 4:sports4020032. [PMID: 29910280 PMCID: PMC5968914 DOI: 10.3390/sports4020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs) play an important role in the regulation of energy expenditure in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. A systematic review on the effects of exercise on NPs in patients with heart failure reported that aerobic and resistance training reduced NPs; however, the effects of exercise on NPs and the underlying mechanism of exercise-induced NP secretion in subjects without heart failure remain unknown. In athletes and young, healthy subjects, the NP concentration at rest is not elevated, but strenuous endurance exercise significantly increases NPs. The exercise-induced increase in NPs may be caused by transient myocardial wall stress, cardiomyocyte metabolic changes, or neuroendocrinological response, which may have cytoprotective and growth-regulating effects on the heart. On the other hand, in elderly, overweight/obese subjects, and patients with hypertension, NP concentrations also increase during exercise; however, NP secretion may be more susceptible to cardiac stress compared to young, healthy individuals. Recent studies have shown that NPs are associated with thermogenesis in fat tissue and oxidative capacity in skeletal muscles. NPs may also have a protective role for skeletal muscle in humans, although further studies are warranted to elucidate the physiological mechanism of exercise-induced NP secretion.
Collapse
|
38
|
Maufrais C, Millet GP, Schuster I, Rupp T, Nottin S. Progressive and biphasic cardiac responses during extreme mountain ultramarathon. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1340-8. [PMID: 26921434 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00037.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Investigations on the cardiac function consequences of mountain ultramarathon (MUM) >100 h are lacking. The present study assessed the progressive cardiac responses during the world's most challenging MUM (Tor des Géants; Italy; 330 km; 24,000 m of cumulative elevation gain). Resting echocardiographic evaluation of morphology, function, and mechanics of left and right ventricle (LV and RV) including speckle tracking echocardiography was conducted in 15 male participants (46 ± 13 yr) before (pre), during (mid; 148 km), and after (post) the race. Runners completed the race in 126 ± 15 h. From pre to post, the increase in stroke volume (SV) (103 ± 19 vs. 110 ± 23 vs. 116 ± 21 ml; P < 0.001 at pre, mid, and post) was concomitant to the increase in LV early filling (peak E; 72.9 ± 15.7 vs. 74.6 ± 13.1 vs. 82.1 ± 11.5 cm/s; P < 0.05). Left and right atrial end-diastolic areas, RV end-diastolic area, and LV end-diastolic volume were 12-19% higher at post compared with pre (P < 0.05). Resting heart rate and LV systolic strain rates demonstrated a biphasic adaptation with an increase from pre to mid (55 ± 8 vs. 72 ± 11 beats/min, P < 0.001) and a return to baseline values from mid to post (59 ± 8 beats/min). Significant correlations were found between pre-to-post percent changes in peak E and LV end-diastolic volume (r = 0.63, P < 0.05) or RV (r = 0.82, P < 0.001) or atrial end-diastolic areas (r = 0.83, P < 0.001). An extreme MUM induced a biphasic pattern of heart rate in parallel with specific cardiac responses characterized by a progressive increase in diastolic filling, biventricular volumes, and SV. The underlying mechanisms and their clinical implications remain challenging for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- ISSUL Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Department of Physiology-University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Iris Schuster
- Dysfunction of Vascular Interfaces Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier I University and Nîmes University Hospital Center, Nîmes, France; and
| | - Thomas Rupp
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, University of Savoie, Chambery, France
| | - Stéphane Nottin
- Avignon University, LAPEC EA 4278, F-84000, Avignon, France;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Eijsvogels TMH, Fernandez AB, Thompson PD. Are There Deleterious Cardiac Effects of Acute and Chronic Endurance Exercise? Physiol Rev 2016; 96:99-125. [PMID: 26607287 PMCID: PMC4698394 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple epidemiological studies document that habitual physical activity reduces the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and most demonstrate progressively lower rates of ASCVD with progressively more physical activity. Few studies have included individuals performing high-intensity, lifelong endurance exercise, however, and recent reports suggest that prodigious amounts of exercise may increase markers for, and even the incidence of, cardiovascular disease. This review examines the evidence that extremes of endurance exercise may increase cardiovascular disease risk by reviewing the causes and incidence of exercise-related cardiac events, and the acute effects of exercise on cardiovascular function, the effect of exercise on cardiac biomarkers, including "myocardial" creatine kinase, cardiac troponins, and cardiac natriuretic peptides. This review also examines the effect of exercise on coronary atherosclerosis and calcification, the frequency of atrial fibrillation in aging athletes, and the possibility that exercise may be deleterious in individuals genetically predisposed to such cardiac abnormalities as long QT syndrome, right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This review is to our knowledge unique because it addresses all known potentially adverse cardiovascular effects of endurance exercise. The best evidence remains that physical activity and exercise training benefit the population, but it is possible that prolonged exercise and exercise training can adversely affect cardiac function in some individuals. This hypothesis warrants further examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Department of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut; and Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio B Fernandez
- Department of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut; and Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul D Thompson
- Department of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut; and Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. An Emerging Role of Natriuretic Peptides: Igniting the Fat Furnace to Fuel and Warm the Heart. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:1666-78. [PMID: 26518101 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides are produced in the heart and have been well characterized for their actions in the cardiovascular system to promote diuresis and natriuresis, thereby contributing to maintenance of extracellular fluid volume and vascular tone. For this review, we scanned the literature using PubMed and MEDLINE using the following search terms: beiging, adipose tissue, natriuretic peptides, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Articles were selected for inclusion if they represented primary data or review articles published from 1980 to 2015 from high-impact journals. With the advent of the newly approved class of drugs that inhibit the breakdown of natriuretic peptides, thereby increasing their circulation, we highlight additional functions for natriuretic peptides that have recently become appreciated, including their ability to drive lipolysis, facilitate beiging of adipose tissues, and promote lipid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle. We provide evidence for new roles for natriuretic peptides, emphasizing their ability to participate in body weight regulation and energy homeostasis and discuss how they may lead to novel strategies to treat obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biff F Palmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Biomedical Research Department, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly Hills, CA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia A. Leroux
- Equine Teaching Hospital; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Liège; 4000 Liège Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Kayvanpour E, Frankenstein L, Mereles D, Amr A, Buss S, Keller A, Giannitsis E, Jensen K, Katus HA, Meder B. Biomarker Changes after Strenuous Exercise Can Mimic Pulmonary Embolism and Cardiac Injury—A Metaanalysis of 45 Studies. Clin Chem 2015; 61:1246-55. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.240796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Biomarkers are well established for diagnosis of myocardial infarction [cardiac troponins, high-sensitivity cardiac troponins (hs-cTn)], exclusion of acute and chronic heart failure [B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP)] and venous thromboembolism (d-dimers). Several studies have demonstrated acute increases in cardiac biomarkers and altered cardiac function after strenuous sports that can pretend a cardiovascular emergency and interfere with state-of-the-art clinical assessment.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review and metaanalysis of biomarker and cardiovascular imaging changes after endurance exercise. We searched for observational studies published in the English language from 1997 to 2014 that assessed these biomarkers or cardiac function and morphology directly after endurance exercise. Of 1787 identified abstracts, 45 studies were included.
RESULTS
Across all studies cardiac troponin T (cTnT) exceeded the cutoff value (0.01 ng/mL) in 51% (95% CI, 37%–64%) of participants. The measured pooled changes from baseline for high-sensitivity cTnT (hs-cTnT) were +26 ng/L (95% CI, 5.2–46.0), for cTnI +40 ng/L (95% CI, 21.4; 58.0), for BNP +10 ng/L (95% CI, 4.3; 16.6), for NT-proBNP +67 ng/L (95% CI, 49.9; 84.7), and for d-dimer +262 ng/mL (95% CI, 165.9; 358.7). Right ventricular end diastolic diameter increased and right ventricular ejection fraction as well as the ratio of the early to late transmitral flow velocities decreased after exercise, while no significant changes were observed in left ventricular ejection fraction.
CONCLUSIONS
Current cardiovascular biomarkers (cTnT, hs-cTnT, BNP, NT-proBNP, and d-dimer) that are used in clinical diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure are prone to alterations due to strenuous exercise. Hence, it is necessary to take previous physical exercise into account when a cardiac emergency is suspected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Sedaghat-Hamedani
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
| | - Elham Kayvanpour
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
| | - Lutz Frankenstein
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Derliz Mereles
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
| | - Ali Amr
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
| | - Sebastian Buss
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Jensen
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sierra AP, Ghorayeb N, Dioguardi GS, Sierra CA, Kiss MAPDM. Alteração de biomarcadores de lesão miocárdica em atletas após a Maratona Internacional de São Paulo. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-86922015210302223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar de a prática regular de exercício físico reduzir o risco de doença cardiovascular, estudos recentes têm documentado elevações em biomarcadores relacionados com danos cardíacos após exercícios prolongados em indivíduos aparentemente saudáveis. OBJETIVO: Investigar as alterações nos níveis de brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) e troponina T cardíaca (cTnT) em atletas amadores após uma maratona, assim como verificar as possíveis relações entre as alterações, antes e depois da prova, apresentada pelos dois biomarcadores e variáveis do teste cardiopulmonar. MÉTODOS: Estudamos 38 atletas do sexo masculino (40,9 ± 6,29 anos) antes e depois da Maratona Internacional de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Foram realizadas coletas de sangue na veia antecubital para mensurar os biomarcadores cardíacos, cTnT e BNP 24h antes, imediatamente após e 24h após a maratona. Foi realizado teste cardiopulmonar máximo nas três semanas que antecederam a prova. RESULTADOS: Os valores de BNP e cTnT aumentaram imediatamente após a maratona (p<0,001) quando comparados com os valores basais. No terceiro momento (24h) os valores de troponina tiveram uma redução significativa caracterizando um retorno aos valores basais. Não encontramos correlação entre idade e variáveis referentes a intensidade da maratona, porém encontramos correlação dos biomarcadores com o tempo de conclusão da maratona. CONCLUSÃO: Diferentes causas de liberação podem ser assumidas para cTnT e BNP e, neste caso, parecem não refletir dano miocárdico devido ao comportamento da curva destes marcadores, além de não haver relação entre a liberação dos dois biomarcadores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Sierra
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Universidade Nove de Julho, Brasil; Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate sex differences in left ventricular (LV) function after an ultramarathon, and the association of vascular and training indices with the magnitude of exercise-induced cardiac fatigue. DESIGN Descriptive field study. SETTING Fat Dog 100 Ultramarathon Trail Race, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-four (13 women) recreational runners (aged 28-56 years). INTERVENTIONS A 100-km or 160-km mountain marathon. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Baseline baroreceptor sensitivity, heart rate variability, and arterial compliance; Pre-exercise and postexercise echocardiographic evaluations of LV dimensions, volumes, Doppler flow velocities, tissue velocities, strain, and strain rate. RESULTS Finishers represented 17 men (44.8 ± 6.6 years) and 8 women (45.9 ± 10.2 years; P = 0.758). After ultraendurance exercise, significant reductions (P < 0.05) in fractional shortening (men: 40.9 ± 6.9 to 34.1 ± 7.6%; women: 42.5 ± 6.5 to 34.6 ± 7.9%) diastolic filling (E/A, men: 1.28 ± 0.68 to 1.26 ± 0.33; women: 1.55 ± 0.51 to 1.30 ± 0.27), septal and lateral tissue velocities (E'), and longitudinal strain (men: -21.02 ± 1.98 to -18.44 ± 0.34; women: -20.28 ± 1.90 to -18.44 ± 2.34) were observed. Sex differences were found for baseline cardiac structure and global function, peak late transmitral flow velocity, and estimates of LV filling pressures (P < 0.05). Regression analysis found that higher baseline arterial compliance was associated with lower reductions in cardiac function postexercise, to which sex was a significant factor for E' of the lateral wall. Faster race pace and greater lifetime ultramarathons were associated with lower reductions in LV longitudinal strain (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cardiac responses after an ultramarathon were similar between men and women. Greater evidence of exercise-induced cardiac fatigue was found to be associated with lower baseline arterial compliance and training status/experience. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings suggest that vascular health is an important contributor to the degree of cardiovascular strain incurred as the result of an acute bout of prolonged strenuous exercise.
Collapse
|
45
|
Aschar-Sobbi R, Izaddoustdar F, Korogyi AS, Wang Q, Farman GP, Yang F, Yang W, Dorian D, Simpson JA, Tuomi JM, Jones DL, Nanthakumar K, Cox B, Wehrens XHT, Dorian P, Backx PH. Increased atrial arrhythmia susceptibility induced by intense endurance exercise in mice requires TNFα. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6018. [PMID: 25598495 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common supraventricular arrhythmia that, for unknown reasons, is linked to intense endurance exercise. Our studies reveal that 6 weeks of swimming or treadmill exercise improves heart pump function and reduces heart-rates. Exercise also increases vulnerability to AF in association with inflammation, fibrosis, increased vagal tone, slowed conduction velocity, prolonged cardiomyocyte action potentials and RyR2 phosphorylation (CamKII-dependent S2814) in the atria, without corresponding alterations in the ventricles. Microarray results suggest the involvement of the inflammatory cytokine, TNFα, in exercised-induced atrial remodelling. Accordingly, exercise induces TNFα-dependent activation of both NFκB and p38MAPK, while TNFα inhibition (with etanercept), TNFα gene ablation, or p38 inhibition, prevents atrial structural remodelling and AF vulnerability in response to exercise, without affecting the beneficial physiological changes. Our results identify TNFα as a key factor in the pathology of intense exercise-induced AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Aschar-Sobbi
- 1] Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8 [2] Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8
| | - Farzad Izaddoustdar
- 1] Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8 [2] Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8
| | - Adam S Korogyi
- 1] Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8 [2] Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8
| | - Qiongling Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Gerrie P Farman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, 700 Albany St, Boston, Massachusetts 02118-2526, USA
| | - FengHua Yang
- 1] Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8 [2] Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8
| | - Wallace Yang
- 1] Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8 [2] Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8
| | - David Dorian
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8
| | - Jeremy A Simpson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Jari M Tuomi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5C1
| | - Douglas L Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Science Building, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5C1
| | - Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar
- 1] Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8 [2] Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G2C4
| | - Brian Cox
- 1] Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8 [2] Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 555 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X9
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Paul Dorian
- 1] Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8 [2] Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital, 2300 Yonge St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P1E4
| | - Peter H Backx
- 1] Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8 [2] Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8 [3] Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G2C4 [4] Heart &Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S1A8
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Influence of glutamine on the effect of resistance exercise on cardiac ANP in rats. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS DO ESPORTE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbce.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
47
|
Souza RRD, Oliveira VCD, Curi TCP, Maldonado DC. Effects of ovariectomy on the secretory apparatus in the right atrial cardiomyocytes of middle-aged mice. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2014; 69:554-8. [PMID: 25141115 PMCID: PMC4129560 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2014(08)09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ovariectomy on the secretory apparatus of natriuretic peptides in right atrial cardiomyocytes. METHODS Nine-month-old mice underwent bilateral ovariectomy or sham surgery. The blood exam of the ovariectomized mice showed results consistent with castrated females. Systolic blood pressure was measured after ovariectomy (9 mo of age) and at the moment of sacrifice (12 mo of age). Fragments of the right atrium were collected and prepared for electron microscopy examination. The following variables were quantified: the quantitative density and area of the natriuretic peptide granules, the relative volume of euchromatin in the nucleus, the number of pores per 10 μm of the nuclear membrane and the relative volumes of the mitochondria and Golgi complex. RESULTS The cardiomyocytes obtained from ovariectomized mice indicated that the quantitative density and the area of secretory granules of natriuretic peptides were significantly lower compared with the sham-operated mice. Furthermore, there was a decrease in the relative volume of euchromatin, a lower density of nuclear pores, and lower relative volumes of the mitochondria and Golgi complex in the ovariectomized mice compared with the sham-operated mice. These findings suggest a pool with a low turnover rate, i.e., low synthesis and elimination of natriuretic peptides. CONCLUSION A lack of estrogen caused hypotrophy of the secretory apparatus in right atrial cardiomyocytes that could explain the weak synthesis of natriuretic peptides in mice. Furthermore, one of the mechanisms of blood pressure control was lost, which may explain, in part, the elevated blood pressure in ovariectomized mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romeu R de Souza
- ICB-USP and Department of Biology, Department of Anatomy, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diogo C Maldonado
- Department of Anatomy, Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Morphology and Genetics and Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Navaravong L, Larson BW, Chandrashekhar Y. Exercise induced changes in VEGF and NT-proBNP and relationship to exercise induced ischemia. Int J Cardiol 2014; 174:137-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
49
|
Smith P, Tuomisto MT, Blumenthal J, Sherwood A, Parkkinen L, Kähönen M, Pörsti I, Majahalme S, Turjanmaa V. Psychosocial correlates of atrial natriuretic peptide: a marker of vascular health. Ann Behav Med 2014; 45:99-109. [PMID: 22996638 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-012-9414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial factors have been associated with cardiovascular outcomes, but few studies have examined the association between psychosocial function and natriuretic peptides. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to determine the predictive value of hostility, anger, and social support in relation to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a marker of vascular health, among middle-aged men. METHODS One hundred twenty-one men (mean age = 39.8 years, SD = 4.1) underwent assessments of ANP and completed the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale, the Spielberger State-Trait Anger Scale, and the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction. RESULTS Higher levels of hostility (β = 0.22 [95 % CI 0.04, 0.40], P = 0.032) and trait anger (β = 0.18 [95 % CI 0.01, 0.37], P = 0.044) were associated with greater ANP levels. In contrast, higher perceived social support was also associated with lower ANP levels, (β = -0.19 [95 % CI -0.05, -0.41], P = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial factors, including hostility, anger, and social support, are associated with varying ANP levels among middle-aged men, independent of cardiovascular and behavioral risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Aydin S, Kuloglu T, Aydin S, Eren MN, Celik A, Yilmaz M, Kalayci M, Sahin İ, Gungor O, Gurel A, Ogeturk M, Dabak O. Cardiac, skeletal muscle and serum irisin responses to with or without water exercise in young and old male rats: cardiac muscle produces more irisin than skeletal muscle. Peptides 2014; 52:68-73. [PMID: 24345335 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Irisin converts white adipose tissue (WAT) into brown adipose tissue (BAT), as regulated by energy expenditure. The relationship between irisin concentrations after exercise in rats compared humans after exercise remains controversial. We therefore: (1) measured irisin expression in cardiac and skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, peripheral nerve sheath and skin tissues, as also serum irisin level in 10 week-old rats without exercise, and (2) measured tissue supernatant irisin levels in cardiac and skeletal muscle, and in response to exercise in young and old rats to establishing which tissues produced most irisin. Young (12 months) and old rats (24 months) with or without 10min exercise (water floating) and healthy 10 week-old Sprague-Dawley rats without exercise were used. Irisin was absent from sections of skeletal muscle of unexercised rats, the only part being stained being the perimysium. In contrast, cardiac muscle tissue, peripheral myelin sheath, liver, kidneys, and skin dermis and hypodermis were strongly immunoreactivity. No irisin was seen in skeletal muscle of unexercised young and old rats, but a slight amount was detected after exercise. Strong immunoreactivity occurred in cardiac muscle of young and old rats with or without exercise, notably in pericardial connective tissue. Serum irisin increased after exercise, being higher in younger than older rats. Irisin in tissue supernatants (cardiac and skeletal muscle) was high with or without exercise. High supernatant irisin could come from connective tissues around skeletal muscle, especially nerve sheaths located within it. Skeletal muscle is probably not a main irisin source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suna Aydin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Elazig Research and Education Hospital, Elazig 23100, Turkey; Firat University, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Kuloglu
- Firat University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Aydin
- Firat University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry (Firat Hormone Research Groups), Elazig 23119, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Nesimi Eren
- Dicle University, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Celik
- Mersin University, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Mersin 33070, Turkey
| | - Musa Yilmaz
- Firat University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry (Firat Hormone Research Groups), Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kalayci
- Firat University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry (Firat Hormone Research Groups), Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Sahin
- Firat University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry (Firat Hormone Research Groups), Elazig 23119, Turkey; Erzincan University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Erzincan 24030, Turkey
| | - Orhan Gungor
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Elazig Research and Education Hospital, Elazig 23100, Turkey
| | - Ali Gurel
- Firat University, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Murat Ogeturk
- Firat University, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Dabak
- Firat University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|