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Čandek-Potokar M, Lebret B, Gispert M, Font-I-Furnols M. Challenges and future perspectives for the European grading of pig carcasses - A quality view. Meat Sci 2024; 208:109390. [PMID: 37977057 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate pig carcass grading, describing the existing approaches and definitions, and highlighting the vision for overall quality grading. In particular, the current state of pig carcass grading in the European Union (SEUROP system), its weaknesses, and the challenges to achieve more uniformity and harmonization across member states were described, and a broader understanding of pig carcass value, which includes a vision for the inclusion of meat quality aspects in the grading, was discussed. Finally, the noninvasive methods for the on-line evaluation of pig carcass and meat quality (hereafter referred to as pork quality), and the conditions for their application were discussed. As the way pigs are raised (especially in terms of animal welfare and environmental impact), and more importantly, their perception of pork quality, is becoming increasingly important to consumers, the ideal grading of pigs should comprise pork quality aspects. As a result, a forward-looking "overall quality" approach to pork grading was proposed herein, in which grading systems would be based on the shared vision for pork quality (carcass and meat quality) among stakeholders in the pig industry and driven by consumer expectations with respect to the product. Emerging new technologies provide the technical foundation for such perspective; however, integrating all knowledge and technologies for their practical application to an "overall quality" grading approach is a major challenge. Nonetheless, such approach aligns with the recent vision of Industry 5.0, i.e. a model for the next level of industrialization that is human-centric, resilient, and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjeta Čandek-Potokar
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia (KIS), Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Marina Gispert
- IRTA-Food Quality and Technology, Finca Camps i Armet, E-17121 Monells, Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Font-I-Furnols
- IRTA-Food Quality and Technology, Finca Camps i Armet, E-17121 Monells, Girona, Spain
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Park Y, Kim K, Kim J, Seo J, Choi J. Verification of Reproducibility of VCS2000 Equipment for Mechanical Measurement of Korean Landrace×Yorkshire (F1), F1×Duroc (LYD) Pig Carcasses. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:553-562. [PMID: 37483996 PMCID: PMC10359848 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With an increase in meat consumption, the need to measure the weight of each primal cut of pork has increased. Recently, automation devices have been used to measure the weight of each primal cut of pork. The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of VCS2000, one of the non-invasive pig carcass analyzers. Production levels of 7 primal cuts of 50 pigs were measured with VCS2000. Average error rates between dissected value for each primal cut and VCS2000 measurement values of ham, shoulder picnic, belly, loin, and shoulder blade were around 5%. Average error rates for spare rib and tenderloin were about 10%. Correlation coefficients between the dissected value and the VCS2000 measured value for ham, shoulder picnic, loin, belly, and shoulder blade were high at 0.66-0.83. Correlation coefficients of spare rib and tenderloin were low at 0.35 and 0.47. Coefficient of determination of the VCS2000 measured value for each primal cut by regression analysis was 0.77 or more for ham, shoulder picnic, loin, and shoulder blade and 0.63 for belly. Coefficients of determination for spare rib and tenderloin were low at 0.40 and 0.27. In addition, the coefficient of determination of VCS2000 for each primal cut was higher than that of the dissected value for all primal cuts. In conclusion, pig carcass analysis using the VCS2000 has a high reliability for pork cuts with high production levels, but a relatively low reliability for pork cuts with low production levels and high fat levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhwan Park
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kwantae Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jongtae Seo
- Bugyeong Pig Farmers
Cooperative, Gimhae 50925, Korea
| | - Jungseok Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Dorleku JB, Wormsbecher L, Christensen M, Campbell CP, Mandell IB, Bohrer BM. Comparison of an advanced automated ultrasonic scanner (AutoFom III) and a handheld optical probe (Destron PG-100) to determine lean yield in pork carcasses. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad058. [PMID: 36807699 PMCID: PMC10032186 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the accuracy of two methods for predicting carcass leanness (i.e., predicted lean yield) with fat-free lean yields obtained by manual carcass side cut-out and dissection of lean, fat, and bone components. The two prediction methods evaluated in this study estimated lean yield by measuring fat thickness and muscle depth at one location with an optical grading probe (Destron PG-100) or by scanning the entire carcass with advanced ultrasound technology (AutoFom III). Pork carcasses (166 barrows and 171 gilts; head-on hot carcass weights (HCWs) ranging from 89.4 to 138.0 kg) were selected based on their fit within desired HCW ranges, their fit within specific backfat thickness ranges, and sex (barrow or gilt). Data (n = 337 carcasses) were analyzed using a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design including the fixed effects of the method for predicting lean yield, sex, and their interaction, and random effects of producer (i.e., farm) and slaughter date. Linear regression analysis was then used to examine the accuracy of the Destron PG-100 and AutoFom III data for measuring backfat thickness, muscle depth, and predicted lean yield when compared with fat-free lean yields obtained with manual carcass side cut-outs and dissections. Partial least squares regression analysis was used to predict the measured traits from image parameters generated by the AutoFom III software. There were method differences (P < 0.01) for determining muscle depth and lean yield with no method differences (P = 0.27) for measuring backfat thickness. Both optical probe and ultrasound technologies strongly predicted backfat thickness (R2 ≥ 0.81) and lean yield (R2 ≥ 0.66), but poorly predicted muscle depth (R2 ≤ 0.33). The AutoFom III improved accuracy [R2 = 0.77, root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.82] for the determination of predicted lean yield vs. the Destron PG-100 (R2 = 0.66, RMSE = 2.22). The AutoFom III was also used to predict bone-in/boneless primal weights, which is not possible with the Destron PG-100. The cross-validated prediction accuracy for the prediction of primal weights ranged from 0.71 to 0.84 for bone-in cuts and 0.59 to 0.82 for boneless cut lean yield. The AutoFom III was moderately (r ≤ 0.67) accurate for the determination of predicted lean yield in the picnic, belly, and ham primal cuts and highly (r ≥ 0.68) accurate for the determination of predicted lean yield in the whole shoulder, butt, and loin primal cuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justice B Dorleku
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | | | - Cheryl P Campbell
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ira B Mandell
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Benjamin M Bohrer
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Park Y, Ko E, Park K, Woo C, Kim J, Lee S, Park S, Kim YA, Park G, Choi J. Correlation between the Korean pork grade system and the amount of
pork primal cut estimated with AutoFom III. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:135-142. [PMID: 35174348 PMCID: PMC8819317 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is impossible to know the amount of pork primal cut by pig carcass grade which
is determined only by carcass weight and backfat thickness in the Korean Pig
Carcass System. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between
the pig carcass grade and the amount of pork primal cut estimated with AutoFom
III. A total of 419,321 Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc (LYD) pigs were graded
with the Korean Pig Carcass Grade System. Amounts of belly, neck, loin,
tenderloin, spare ribs, shoulder, and ham were estimated with AutoFom III.
Regression equations for seven primal cuts according to each grade were derived.
There were significant differences among the three carcass grades due to
heteroscedasticity variance (p < 0.0001). Three
regression equations were derived from AutoFom III estimation of primal cuts
according to carcass grades. The coefficient of determination of the regression
equation was 0.941 for grade 1+, 0.982 for grade 1, and 0.993 for
grade 2. Regression equations obtained from this study are suitable for AutoFom
III software, a useful tool for the analysis of each pig carcass grade in the
Korean Pig Carcass Grade System. The high reliability of predicting the amount
of primal cut with AutoFom III is advantageous for the management of
slaughterhouses to optimize their product sorting in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhwan Park
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Ko
- Dodram Pig Farmers
Cooperative, Incheon 17405, Korea
| | | | - Changhyun Woo
- Dodram Pig Farmers
Cooperative, Incheon 17405, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sanghun Park
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yun-a Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Gyutae Park
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jungseok Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jungseok Choi, Department of
Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea. Tel:
+82-43-261-2551, E-mail:
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Leighton PL, Segura JD, Lam SD, Marcoux M, Wei X, Lopez-Campos OD, Soladoye P, Dugan ME, Juarez M, PRIETO NURIA. Prediction of carcass composition and meat and fat quality using sensing technologies: A review. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumer demand for high-quality healthy food is increasing, thus meat processors require the means toassess these rapidly, accurately, and inexpensively. Traditional methods forquality assessments are time-consuming, expensive, invasive, and have potentialto negatively impact the environment. Consequently, emphasis has been put onfinding non-destructive, fast, and accurate technologies for productcomposition and quality evaluation. Research in this area is advancing rapidlythrough recent developments in the areas of portability, accuracy, and machinelearning. The present review, therefore, critically evaluates and summarizes developmentsof popular non-invasive technologies (i.e., from imaging to spectroscopicsensing technologies) for estimating beef, pork, and lamb composition andquality, which will hopefully assist in the implementation of thesetechnologies for rapid evaluation/real-timegrading of livestock products in the nearfuture.
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Masoumi M, Marcoux M, Maignel L, Pomar C. Weight prediction of pork cuts and tissue composition using spectral graph wavelet. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Delgado-Pando G, Allen P, Troy DJ, McDonnell CK. Objective carcass measurement technologies: Latest developments and future trends. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bautista-Díaz E, Mezo-Solis JA, Herrera-Camacho J, Cruz-Hernández A, Gomez-Vazquez A, Tedeschi LO, Lee-Rangel HA, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Chay-Canul AJ. Prediction of Carcass Traits of Hair Sheep Lambs Using Body Measurements. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081276. [PMID: 32727056 PMCID: PMC7459708 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Some authors have reported that the use of body measurements (BMs) could be a useful tool for predicting carcass characteristics in sheep. Hair sheep breeds have been adopted for lamb production in the tropical regions of Latin America. Among these, Pelibuey and Katahdin breeds and their crosses have shown great reproductive capacity and adaptation, contributing to improving the productive efficiency of flocks in tropical production systems. However, few studies have been carried out on this breeds to define its BMs correctly, and little work has been found using BMs to predict the carcass characteristics in different physiological stages. Abstract The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between the body measurements (BMs) and carcass characteristics of hair sheep lambs. Twenty hours before slaughter, the shrunk body weight (SBW) and BMs were recorded. The BMs involved were height at withers (HW), rib depth (RD), body diagonal length (BDL), body length (BL), pelvic girdle length (PGL), rump depth (RuD), rump height (RH), pin-bone width (PBW), hook-bone width (HBW), abdomen width (AW), girth (GC), and abdomen circumference (AC). After slaughter, the carcasses were weighed and chilled for 24 h at 1 °C, and then were split by the dorsal midline. The left-half was dissected into total soft tissues (muscle + fat; TST) and bone (BON), which were weighed separately. The weights of viscera and organs (VIS), internal fat (IF), and offals (OFF—skin, head, feet, tail, and blood) were also recorded. The equations obtained for predicting SBW, HCW, and CCW had an r2 ranging from 0.89 to 0.99, and those for predicting the TST and BON had an r2 ranging from 0.74 to 0.91, demonstrating satisfactory accuracy. Our results indicated that use of BMs could accurately and precisely be used as a useful tool for predicting carcass characteristics of hair sheep lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Bautista-Díaz
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa Km 25, Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico; (E.B.-D.); (J.A.M.-S.); (A.C.-H.); (A.G.-V.)
| | - Jesús Alberto Mezo-Solis
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa Km 25, Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico; (E.B.-D.); (J.A.M.-S.); (A.C.-H.); (A.G.-V.)
| | - José Herrera-Camacho
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro Km 9.5, El Trébol, Tarímbaro 58893, Michoacán, Mexico;
| | - Aldenamar Cruz-Hernández
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa Km 25, Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico; (E.B.-D.); (J.A.M.-S.); (A.C.-H.); (A.G.-V.)
| | - Armando Gomez-Vazquez
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa Km 25, Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico; (E.B.-D.); (J.A.M.-S.); (A.C.-H.); (A.G.-V.)
| | - Luis Orlindo Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA;
| | - Héctor Aarón Lee-Rangel
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78000, S.L.P., Mexico;
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Correspondence: (E.V.-B.-P.); (A.J.C.-C.)
| | - Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa Km 25, Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico; (E.B.-D.); (J.A.M.-S.); (A.C.-H.); (A.G.-V.)
- Correspondence: (E.V.-B.-P.); (A.J.C.-C.)
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