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Yuan L, Chen M, Wang L, Sasidharan R, Voesenek LACJ, Xiao S. Multi-stress resilience in plants recovering from submergence. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:466-481. [PMID: 36217562 PMCID: PMC9946147 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Submergence limits plants' access to oxygen and light, causing massive changes in metabolism; after submergence, plants experience additional stresses, including reoxygenation, dehydration, photoinhibition and accelerated senescence. Plant responses to waterlogging and partial or complete submergence have been well studied, but our understanding of plant responses during post-submergence recovery remains limited. During post-submergence recovery, whether a plant can repair the damage caused by submergence and reoxygenation and re-activate key processes to continue to grow, determines whether the plant survives. Here, we summarize the challenges plants face when recovering from submergence, primarily focusing on studies of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa). We also highlight recent progress in elucidating the interplay among various regulatory pathways, compare post-hypoxia reoxygenation between plants and animals and provide new perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Bing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mo‐Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lin‐Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Stress Resilience, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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2
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Panda D, Barik J, Sarkar RK. Recent Advances of Genetic Resources, Genes and Genetic Approaches for Flooding Tolerance in Rice. Curr Genomics 2021; 22:41-58. [PMID: 34045923 PMCID: PMC8142345 DOI: 10.2174/1389202922666210114104140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flooding is one of the most hazardous natural disasters and a major stress constraint to rice production throughout the world, which results in huge economic losses. The frequency and duration of flooding is predicted to increase in near future as a result of global climate change. Breeding of flooding tolerance in rice is a challenging task because of the complexity of the component traits, screening technique, environmental factors and genetic interactions. A great progress has been made during last two decades to find out the flooding tolerance mechanism in rice. An important breakthrough in submergence research was achieved by the identification of major quantitative trait locus (QTL) SUB1 in rice chromosomes that acts as the primary contributor for tolerance. This enabled the use of marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) to transfer SUB1 QTL into popular varieties which showed yield advantages in flood prone areas. However, SUB1 varieties are not always tolerant to stagnant flooding and flooding during germination stage. So, gene pyramiding approach can be used by combining several important traits to develop new breeding rice lines that confer tolerances to different types of flooding. This review highlights the important germplasm/genetic resources of rice to different types of flooding stress. A brief discussion on the genes and genetic mechanism in rice exhibited to different types of flooding tolerance was discussed for the development of flood tolerant rice variety. Further research on developing multiple stresses tolerant rice can be achieved by combining SUB1 with other tolerance traits/genes for wider adaptation in the rain-fed rice ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Panda
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Odisha, Koraput-764 020, Odisha, India
| | - Jijnasa Barik
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Odisha, Koraput-764 020, Odisha, India
| | - Ramani K Sarkar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack-753 006, Odisha, India
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3
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Seif M, Aliniaeifard S, Arab M, Mehrjerdi MZ, Shomali A, Fanourakis D, Li T, Woltering E. Monochromatic red light during plant growth decreases the size and improves the functionality of stomata in chrysanthemum. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:515-528. [PMID: 33453752 DOI: 10.1071/fp20280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) now enable precise light quality control. Prior to commercialisation however, the plant response to the resultant light quality regime ought to be addressed. The response was examined here in chrysanthemum by evaluating growth, chlorophyll fluorescence (before and following water deficit), as well as stomatal anatomy (density, size, pore dimensions and aperture heterogeneity) and closing ability. Plants were grown under blue (B), red (R), a mixture of R (70%) and B (RB), or white (W; 41% B, 39% intermediate spectrum, 20% R) light LEDs. Although R light promoted growth, it also caused leaf deformation (epinasty) and disturbed the photosynthetic electron transport system. The largest stomatal size was noted following growth under B light, whereas the smallest under R light. The largest stomatal density was observed under W light. Monochromatic R light stimulated both the rate and the degree of stomatal closure in response to desiccation compared with the other light regimes. We conclude that stomatal size is mainly controlled by the B spectrum, whereas a broader spectral range is important for determining stomatal density. Monochromatic R light enhanced stomatal ability to regulate water loss upon desiccation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Seif
- Photosynthesis laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Photosynthesis laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; and Corresponding author. ;
| | - Mostafa Arab
- Photosynthesis laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Zare Mehrjerdi
- Photosynthesis laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Shomali
- Photosynthesis laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dimitrios Fanourakis
- Hellenic Mediterranean University, Department of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Landscape and Environment, Specialisation of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Estavromenos, Heraklion, Crete, 71004, Greece; and Corresponding author. ;
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ernst Woltering
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, Netherlands; and Wageningen University, Horticulture and Product Physiology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
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4
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Zeng F, Wang G, Liang Y, Guo N, Zhu L, Wang Q, Chen H, Ma D, Wang J. Disentangling the photosynthesis performance in japonica rice during natural leaf senescence using OJIP fluorescence transient analysis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:206-217. [PMID: 33099327 DOI: 10.1071/fp20104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice undergoes leaf senescence accompanied with grain filling when the plants reach the end of their temporal niche, and a delay in leaf senescence ultimately improves the yield and quality of grain. To estimate the decline in photosynthesis during leaf senescence and to find an efficient and useful tool to identify rice genotypes with a longer duration of active photosynthesis, we examined PSII photosynthetic activity in the flag leaves of japonica rice Shennong265 (SN265) and Beigeng3 (BG3) during leaf senescence using chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics. The results show that inhibition occurred in the electron transport chains, but the energetic connectivity of PSII units was not affected as dramatically during leaf senescence. PSII reaction centres (RCs) were transformed into 'silent RCs,' and the chlorophyll content decreased during leaf senescence. However the size of the 'economic' antennae increased. Further, the percentage of variation of the specific energy flux parameters can rationally be used to indicate leaf senescence from the perspective of energy balance. Although the performance indices were more sensitive than other functional and structural JIP-test parameters, they still did not serve as an indicator of crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faliang Zeng
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Guojiao Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Yinpei Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Naihui Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Dianrong Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
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5
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Submergence Tolerance in Rice: Review of Mechanism, Breeding and, Future Prospects. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12041632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Flooding or submergence is one of the major environmental stressors affecting many man-made and natural ecosystems worldwide. The increase in the frequency and duration of heavy rainfall due to climate change has negatively affected plant growth and development, which eventually causes the death of plants if it persists for days. Most crops, especially rice, being a semi-aquatic plant, are greatly affected by flooding, leading to yield losses each year. Genetic variability in the plant response to flooding includes the quiescence scheme, which allows underwater endurance of a prolonged period, escape strategy through stem elongation, and alterations in plant architecture and metabolism. Investigating the mechanism for flooding survival in wild species and modern rice has yielded significant insight into developmental, physiological, and molecular strategies for submergence and waterlogging survival. Significant progress in the breeding of submergence tolerant rice varieties has been made during the last decade following the successful identification and mapping of a quantitative trait locus for submergence tolerance, designated as SUBMERGENCE 1 (SUB1) from the FR13A landrace. Using marker-assisted backcrossing, the SUB1 QTL (quantitative trait locus) has been incorporated into many elite varieties within a short time and with high precision as compared with conventional breeding methods. Despite the advancement in submergence tolerance, for future studies, there is a need for practical approaches exploring genome-wide association studies (GWA) and QTL in combination with specific tolerance traits, such as drought, salinity, disease and insect resistance.
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Kuanar SR, Molla KA, Chattopadhyay K, Sarkar RK, Mohapatra PK. Introgression of Sub1 (SUB1) QTL in mega rice cultivars increases ethylene production to the detriment of grain- filling under stagnant flooding. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18567. [PMID: 31811177 PMCID: PMC6898156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent time, Submergence1 (Sub1)QTL, responsible for imparting tolerance to flash flooding, has been introduced in many rice cultivars, but resilience of the QTL to stagnant flooding (SF) is not known. The response of Sub1-introgression has been tested on physiology, molecular biology and yield of two popular rice cultivars (Swarna and Savitri) by comparison of the parental and Sub1-introgression lines (SwarnaSub1 and SavitriSub1) under SF. Compared to control condition SF reduced grain yield and tiller number and increased plant height and Sub1- introgression mostly matched these effects. SF increased ethylene production by over-expression of ACC-synthase and ACC-oxidase enzyme genes of panicle before anthesis in the parental lines. Expression of the genes changed with Sub1-introgression, where some enzyme isoform genes over-expressed after anthesis under SF. Activities of endosperm starch synthesizing enzymes SUS and AGPase declined concomitantly with rise ethylene production in the Sub1-introgressed lines resulting in low starch synthesis and accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in the developing spikelets. In conclusion, Sub1-introgression into the cultivars increased susceptibility to SF. Subjected to SF, the QTL promoted genesis of ethylene in the panicle at anthesis to the detriment of grain yield, while compromising with morphological features like tiller production and stem elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Rani Kuanar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
- Anchal College, Padampur, 768036, India
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Barik J, Panda D, Mohanty SK, Lenka SK. Leaf photosynthesis and antioxidant response in selected traditional rice landraces of Jeypore tract of Odisha, India to submergence. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:847-863. [PMID: 31404200 PMCID: PMC6656848 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Submergence tolerance in rice is important for improving yield under rain-fed lowland rice ecosystem. In this study, five traditional rice landraces having submergence tolerance phenotype were selected. These five rice landraces were chosen based on the submergence-tolerance screening of 88 rice landraces from various lowland areas of Jeypore tract of Odisha in our previous study. These five rice landraces were further used for detailed physiological assessment under control, submergence and subsequent re-aeration to judge their performance under different duration of submergence. Seedling survival was significantly decreased with the increase of plant height and significant varietal difference was observed after 14 days of complete submergence. Results showed that submergence progressively declined the leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, instantaneous water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency, photosystem II (PSII) activity and chlorophyll, with greater effect observed in susceptible check variety (IR 42). Notably, higher activities of antioxidative enzymes and ascorbate level were observed in traditional rice landraces and were found comparable with the tolerant check variety (FR 13A). Taken together, three landraces such as Samudrabali, Basnamundi and Gadaba showed better photosynthetic activity than that of tolerant check variety (FR 13A) and showed superior antioxidant response to submergence and subsequent re-aeration. These landraces can be considered as potential donors for the future submergence tolerance breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijnasa Barik
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa, Koraput, Odisha 764021 India
| | - Debabrata Panda
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa, Koraput, Odisha 764021 India
| | | | - Sangram K. Lenka
- TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana 122 001 India
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8
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Locke AM, Barding GA, Sathnur S, Larive CK, Bailey-Serres J. Rice SUB1A constrains remodelling of the transcriptome and metabolome during submergence to facilitate post-submergence recovery. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:721-736. [PMID: 29094353 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The rice (Oryza sativa L.) ethylene-responsive transcription factor gene SUB1A-1 confers tolerance to prolonged, complete submergence by limiting underwater elongation growth. Upon desubmergence, SUB1A-1 genotypes rapidly recover photosynthetic function and recommence development towards flowering. The underpinnings of the transition from stress amelioration to the return to homeostasis are not well known. Here, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to identify mechanisms by which SUB1A improves physiological function over the 24 hr following a sublethal submergence event. Evaluation of near-isogenic genotypes after submergence and over a day of reaeration demonstrated that SUB1A transiently constrains the remodelling of cellular activities associated with growth. SUB1A influenced the abundance of ca. 1,400 transcripts and had a continued impact on metabolite content, particularly free amino acids, glucose, and sucrose, throughout the recovery period. SUB1A promoted recovery of metabolic homeostasis but had limited influence on mRNAs associated with growth processes and photosynthesis. The involvement of low energy sensing during submergence and recovery was supported by dynamics in trehalose-6-phosphate and mRNAs encoding key enzymes and signalling proteins, which were modulated by SUB1A. This study provides new evidence of convergent signalling pathways critical to the rapidly reversible management of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in submergence resilient rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Locke
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7620, USA
| | - Gregory A Barding
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Sumukh Sathnur
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Cynthia K Larive
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Valliyodan B, Ye H, Song L, Murphy M, Shannon JG, Nguyen HT. Genetic diversity and genomic strategies for improving drought and waterlogging tolerance in soybeans. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1835-1849. [PMID: 27927997 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought and its interaction with high temperature are the major abiotic stress factors affecting soybean yield and production stability. Ongoing climate changes are anticipated to intensify drought events, which will further impact crop production and food security. However, excessive water also limits soybean production. The success of soybean breeding programmes for crop improvement is dependent on the extent of genetic variation present in the germplasm base. Screening for natural genetic variation in drought- and flooding tolerance-related traits, including root system architecture, water and nitrogen-fixation efficiency, and yield performance indices, has helped to identify the best resources for genetic studies in soybean. Genomic resources, including whole-genome sequences of diverse germplasms, millions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and high-throughput marker genotyping platforms, have expedited gene and marker discovery for translational genomics in soybean. This review highlights the current knowledge of the genetic diversity and quantitative trait loci associated with root system architecture, canopy wilting, nitrogen-fixation ability, and flooding tolerance that contributes to the understanding of drought- and flooding-tolerance mechanisms in soybean. Next-generation mapping approaches and high-throughput phenotyping will facilitate a better understanding of phenotype-genotype associations and help to formulate genomic-assisted breeding strategies, including genomic selection, in soybean for tolerance to drought and flooding stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Valliyodan
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Heng Ye
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Li Song
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - MacKensie Murphy
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - J Grover Shannon
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Fisher Delta Research Center, Portageville, MO 63873, USA
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Singh A, Septiningsih EM, Balyan HS, Singh NK, Rai V. Genetics, Physiological Mechanisms and Breeding of Flood-Tolerant Rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:185-197. [PMID: 28069894 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flooding of rice fields is a serious problem in the river basins of South and South-East Asia where about 15 Mha of lowland rice cultivation is regularly affected. Flooding creates hypoxic conditions resulting in poor germination and seedling establishment. Flash flooding, where rice plants are completely submerged for 10-15 d during their vegetative stage, causes huge losses. Water stagnation for weeks to months also leads to substantial yield losses when large parts of rice aerial tissues are inundated. The low-yielding traditional varieties and landraces of rice adapted to these flooding conditions have been replaced by flood-sensitive high-yielding rice varieties. The 'FR13A' rice variety and the Submergence 1A (SUB1A) gene were identified for flash flooding and subsequently introgressed to high-yielding rice varieties. The challenge is to find superior alleles of the SUB1A gene, or even new genes that may confer greater tolerance to submergence. Similarly, genes have been identified in tolerant landraces of rice for their ability to survive by rapid stem elongation (SNORKEL1 and SNORKEL2) during deep-water flooding, and for anaerobic germination ability (TPP7). Research on rice genotypes and novel genes that are tolerant to prolonged water stagnation is in progress. These studies will greatly assist in devising more efficient and precise molecular breeding strategies for developing climate-resilient high-yielding rice varieties for flood-prone regions. Here we review the state of our knowledge of flooding tolerance in rice and its application in varietal improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Endang M Septiningsih
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Harendra S Balyan
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Nagendra K Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandna Rai
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
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11
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Singh DP, Sarkar RK. Distinction and characterisation of salinity tolerant and sensitive rice cultivars as probed by the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and growth parameters. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2014; 41:727-736. [PMID: 32481027 DOI: 10.1071/fp13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits rice productivity worldwide. The problem is intense - particularly in areas with extremely dry and hot climatic conditions. Designing an effective phenotyping strategy requires thorough understanding of plant survival under stress. The investigation was conducted using 12 rice cultivars differing in salinity tolerance. Among these cultivars, seedling survival on day 10 of salt treatment (12dSm-1) was above 85% during wet season and 75% during dry season in FL478, AC39416, Pokkali and Kamini. Highly salt-tolerant cultivars maintained greater proportion of green leaf and chlorophyll content under salt stress. Unlike sensitive cultivars, tolerant cultivars taken up less Na+ and more K+, resulting in lower Na+:K+ ratio in leaf and sheath. Normalised chlorophyll a fluorescence data revealed that the Fv/Fm and PIABS values decreased on days 3 and 7, respectively, of salt stress in susceptible rice cultivar. Salinity factor index (SFI) calculated by giving different weights to relative PIABS values after variable days of salinity stress clearly distinguished the level of tolerance among rice cultivars. The SFI can be used for grouping of moderately to highly salt-tolerant cultivars based on their tolerance level. We conclude that maintenance of greater proportion of green leaf, and restricted transport of Na+ to sheath and leaf helps the plant to counteract adverse effects of salinity on rice growth.
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12
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Brestic M, Zivcak M, Kalaji HM, Carpentier R, Allakhverdiev SI. Photosystem II thermostability in situ: environmentally induced acclimation and genotype-specific reactions in Triticum aestivum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 57:93-105. [PMID: 22698752 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) thermostability and acclimation effects on PSII photochemical efficiency were analyzed in thirty field grown winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes using prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics before and after dark heat treatment. A gradual increase in temperature caused the appearance of K-bands at 300 μs on the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve, indicating the impairment of the PSII donor side (even by heat treatment at 38 °C). An increase in basal fluorescence, commonly used as a criterion of PSII thermostability, was observed beyond a temperature threshold of 44 °C. Moreover, an acclimation shift (increase of critical temperature) was observed at the 3.5 °C identified for K-band appearance, but only by 1.1 °C for a steep increase in F(0). The single temperature approach with regular weekly observations completed within two months using dark heat treatment at 40 °C demonstrated that the acclimation effect is not gradual, but occurs immediately and is associated with an increase of daily temperature maxima over 30 °C. The acclimated heat treated samples had less effect on the donor side of PSII, the higher fraction of active Q(A)(-) reducing reaction centers and causing a much lower decrease of connectivity among PSII units compared to non-acclimated samples. In the non-treated plants the reduction of antennae size, increase of PSII connectivity and changes in the acceptor side occurred as a result of heat acclimation. The enhancement of PSII thermostability persisted over several weeks regardless of weather conditions. The genotype comparison identified three groups that differed either in initial PSII thermostability or in acclimation capacity; these groupings were clearly associated with the origin of the genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
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13
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Effects of Flooding on Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Oxygen Stress in Plants of Varying Flooding Tolerance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1660/062.115.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Sarkar RK, Bhattacharjee B. Rice Genotypes with SUB1 QTL Differ in Submergence Tolerance, Elongation
Ability during Submergence and Re-generation Growth at Re-emergence. RICE 2011; 5:7. [PMCID: PMC5520825 DOI: 10.1007/s12284-011-9065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Submergence tolerance is an important trait where short term flash flooding
damages rice. Tolerant landraces that withstand submergence for 1–2 weeks were
identified. Due to the heterogeneity in flood-prone ecosystem many different types
of traditional rice cultivars are being grown by the farmers. The local landraces
adapted to extremes in water availability could be the sources of genetic variation
are to be used to improve the adaptability of rice to excess water stress. Greater
genotypic variability was observed for plant height, elongation and survival %,
absolute growth rate, non-structural carbohydrate retention capacity, chlorophyll
content, different chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (FPs) characteristics, and
re-generation growth at re-emergence. Twenty days submergence caused greater damage
even in Submergence 1 (SUB1) introgressed cultivars compared to the 14 days of submergence.
The FPs, carbohydrate content and dry weight at the end of submergence showed
positive and highly significant association with re-generation growth. The presence
of SUB1 associated primers, either SC3 or ART5,
was noticed even in greater elongating types of rice genotypes. These genotypes
possess one or more of the adaptive traits required for the flood-prone ecosystem,
which range from temporary submergence of 1–2 weeks to long period of stagnant water
tolerance.
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