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Faltusová M, Ježek M, Ševčík R, Silovský V, Cukor J. Odor Fences Have No Effect on Wild Boar Movement and Home Range Size. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2556. [PMID: 39272341 PMCID: PMC11393886 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Wild boars are an opportunistic wildlife species that has successfully colonized the human-modified landscape in Europe. However, the current population boom has negative consequences, which result in a rapid increase in human-wildlife conflicts and disease transmission, including African swine fever (ASF). The increasing frequency of conflicts requires adequate solutions for these issues through various measures. Application of deterrents is a common non-lethal measure whose effects have been insufficiently verified until recently. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of odor fences, often applied as a barrier against wild boar movement. For this purpose, 18 wild boars were marked with GPS collars. After 22 days of initial monitoring, 12 sections of odor fences were installed on their home ranges. The monitored wild boars crossed the area 20.5 ± 9.2 times during the pre-installation period and 19.9 ± 8.4 times after the odor fence installation. Moreover, the average home range varied between 377.9 ± 185.0 ha before and 378.1 ± 142.2 ha after the odor fence installation. Based on GPS telemetry results, we do not support using odor repellent lines for crop protection or for limiting wild boar movement to lessen ASF outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Faltusová
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Ježek
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Ševčík
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, V.V.I., Strnady 136, 252 02 Jíloviště, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Silovský
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Cukor
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, V.V.I., Strnady 136, 252 02 Jíloviště, Czech Republic
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2
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Slovikosky SA, Montgomery RA. Large mammal behavioral defenses induced by the cues of human predation. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae382. [PMID: 39282006 PMCID: PMC11398908 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Large mammals respond to human hunting via proactive and reactive responses, which can induce subsequent nonconsumptive effects (NCEs). Thus, there is evidence that large mammals exhibit considerable behavioral plasticity in response to human hunting risk. Currently, however, it is unclear which cues of human hunting large mammals may be responding to. We conducted a literature review to quantify the large mammal behavioral responses induced by the cues of human hunting. We detected 106 studies published between 1978 and 2022 of which 34 (32%) included at least one measure of cue, typically visual (n = 26 of 106, 25%) or auditory (n = 11 of 106, 10%). Space use (n = 37 of 106, 35%) and flight (n = 31 of 106, 29%) were the most common behavioral responses studied. Among the 34 studies that assessed at least one cue, six (18%) measured large mammal behavioral responses in relation to proxies of human hunting (e.g. hunting site or season). Only 14% (n = 15 of 106) of the studies quantified an NCE associated with an animal's response to human hunting. Moreover, the association between cues measured and antipredator behaviors is unclear due to a consistent lack of controls. Thus, while human hunting can shape animal populations via consumptive effects, the cues triggering these responses are poorly understood. There hence remains a need to link cues, responses, NCEs, and the dynamics of large mammal populations. Human activities can then be adjusted accordingly to prevent both overexploitation and unintended NCEs in animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy A Slovikosky
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Montgomery
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
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3
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Rowland MM, Nielson RM, Wisdom MJ, Clark DA, DiDonato GT, Hafer JM, Naylor BJ, Johnson BK. Success is dependent on effort: Unraveling characteristics of successful deer and elk hunters. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary M. Rowland
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Ryan M. Nielson
- Eagle Environmental, Inc. 30 Fonda Road Santa Fe NM 87508 USA
| | - Michael J. Wisdom
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Darren A. Clark
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Guy T. DiDonato
- Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc. 415 W. 17th Street, Suite 200 Cheyenne WY 82001 USA
| | - Jennifer M. Hafer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Bridgett J. Naylor
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Bruce K. Johnson
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
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4
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Drivers of habitat quality for a reintroduced elk herd. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20960. [PMID: 36470959 PMCID: PMC9723100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding spatiotemporal variation in habitat quality is essential for guiding wildlife reintroduction and restoration programs. The habitat productivity hypothesis posits that home range size is inversely related to habitat quality. Thus, home range size may be used as a proxy for habitat quality and can identify important land cover features for a recovering species. We sought to quantify variation in home range size across the biological cycle (seasons) for a reintroduced elk (Cervus canadensis) population in southwestern Virginia, USA and quantify habitat quality by linking home range sizes to the land cover types they contain using linear mixed-effects models. We found mean home range size was largest during late gestation for female elk. Additionally, throughout the year, smaller home ranges were associated with larger proportions of non-forested habitats whereas forested habitats were generally the opposite. However, both presumed poor- and high-quality habitats influenced female elk space use. Our approach revealed spatial variation in habitat quality for a recovering elk herd, demonstrated the importance of non-forested habitats to elk, can guide decisions regarding the location of future elk reintroduction programs, and serve as a model for evaluating habitat quality associated with wildlife reintroductions.
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5
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Weiss F, Michler FU, Gillich B, Tillmann J, Ciuti S, Heurich M, Rieger S. Displacement Effects of Conservation Grazing on Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Spatial Behaviour. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 70:763-779. [PMID: 35994055 PMCID: PMC9519651 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conservation grazing uses semi-feral or domesticated herbivores to limit encroachment in open areas and to promote biodiversity. However, we are still unaware of its effects on wild herbivores. This study investigates the influence of herded sheep and goats on red deer (Cervus elaphus) spatial behavior by testing three a-priori hypotheses: (i) red deer are expected to avoid areas used by livestock, as well as adjacent areas, when livestock are present, albeit (ii) red deer increase the use of these areas when sheep and goats are temporarily absent and (iii) there is a time-lagged disruption in red deer spatial behavior when conservation grazing practice ends. Using GPS-telemetry data on red deer from a German heathland area, we modelled their use of areas grazed by sheep and goats, using mixed-effect logistic regression. Additionally, we developed seasonal resource selection functions (use-availability design) to depict habitat selection by red deer before, during, and after conservation grazing. Red deer used areas less during conservation grazing throughout all times of the day and there was no compensatory use during nighttime. This effect mostly persisted within 21 days after conservation grazing. Effects on habitat selection of red deer were detectable up to 3000 meters away from the conservation grazing sites, with no signs of either habituation or adaption. For the first time, we demonstrate that conservation grazing can affect the spatio-temporal behavior of wild herbivores. Our findings are relevant for optimizing landscape and wildlife management when conservation grazing is used in areas where wild herbivores are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Weiss
- Biosphere Reserves Institute, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, Germany.
- Department Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany.
- Department of Wildlife Biology, Wildlife Management and Hunting Practice, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, Germany.
| | - Frank Uwe Michler
- Department of Wildlife Biology, Wildlife Management and Hunting Practice, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Benjamin Gillich
- Department of Wildlife Biology, Wildlife Management and Hunting Practice, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, Germany
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Simone Ciuti
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and Behaviour, SBES, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marco Heurich
- Department Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Conservation and Research, Bavarian Forest National Park, Bavaria, Germany
- Institute for Forest and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University for Applied Science, Hamar, Norway
| | - Siegfried Rieger
- Biosphere Reserves Institute, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, Germany
- Department of Wildlife Biology, Wildlife Management and Hunting Practice, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, Germany
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6
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Kelley AG, Welch SM, Holloway J, Dillman JW, Atkinson A, Waldron JL. Effectiveness of long‐distance translocation of eastern diamondback rattlesnakes. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shane M. Welch
- Marshall University 1 John Marshall Drive Huntington WV 25703 USA
| | - John Holloway
- Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs Office Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island SC 29905 USA
| | - James W. Dillman
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources 1000 Assembly Street Columbia SC 29201 USA
| | - April Atkinson
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources 1282 Webb Avenue Garnett SC 29922 USA
| | - Jayme L. Waldron
- Marshall University 1 John Marshall Drive Huntington WV 25703 USA
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7
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Paterson JT, Proffitt KM, Rotella JJ. Incorporating vital rates and harvest into stochastic population models to forecast elk population dynamics. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly M. Proffitt
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks Bozeman 59718 MT USA
| | - Jay J. Rotella
- Montana State University 310 Lewis Hall Bozeman MT 59718 USA
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8
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Pascual-Rico R, Morales-Reyes Z, Aguilera-Alcalá N, Olszańska A, Sebastián-González E, Naidoo R, Moleón M, Lozano J, Botella F, von Wehrden H, Martín-López B, Sánchez-Zapata JA. Usually hated, sometimes loved: A review of wild ungulates' contributions to people. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149652. [PMID: 34438159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nature's contributions to people (NCP) may be both beneficial and detrimental to humans' quality of life. Since our origins, humans have been closely related to wild ungulates, which have traditionally played an outstanding role as a source of food or raw materials. Currently, wild ungulates are declining in some regions, but recovering in others throughout passive rewilding processes. This is reshaping human-ungulate interactions. Thus, adequately understanding the benefits and detriments associated with wild ungulate populations is necessary to promote human-ungulate co-existence. Here, we reviewed 575 articles (2000-2019) on human-wild ungulate interactions to identify key knowledge gaps on NCP associated with wild ungulates. Wild ungulate research was mainly distributed into seven research clusters focussing on: (1) silvicultural damage in Eurasia; (2) herbivory and natural vegetation; (3) conflicts in urban areas of North America; (4) agricultural damage in Mediterranean agro-ecosystems; (5) social research in Africa and Asia; (6) agricultural damage in North America; (7) research in natural American Northwest areas. Research mostly focused on detrimental NCP. However, the number of publications mentioning beneficial contributions increased after the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services conceptual framework was implemented. Human-ungulate interactions' research was biased towards the Global North and Cervidae, Suidae and Bovidae families. Regarding detrimental NCP, most publications referred to production damage (e.g. crops), followed by biodiversity damage, and material damage (e.g. traffic collisions). Regarding beneficial NCP, publications mainly highlighted non-material contributions (e.g. recreational hunting), followed by material NCP and regulating contributions (e.g. habitat creation). The main actions taken to manage wild ungulate populations were lethal control and using deterrents and barriers (e.g. fencing), which effectiveness was rarely assessed. Increasing research and awareness about beneficial NCP and effective management tools may help to improve the conservation of wild ungulates and the ecosystems they inhabit to facilitate people-ungulate co-existence in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pascual-Rico
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo, 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Zebensui Morales-Reyes
- Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain.
| | - Natividad Aguilera-Alcalá
- Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Olszańska
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Esther Sebastián-González
- Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain; Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, Ctra San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Robin Naidoo
- WWF-US, 1250 24th Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Institute of Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC VfT 1Z4, Canada
| | - Marcos Moleón
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Av. de Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Lozano
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Botella
- Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Henrik von Wehrden
- Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Berta Martín-López
- Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - José A Sánchez-Zapata
- Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
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9
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McCann NP, Walberg EM, Forester JD, Schrage MW, Fulton DC, Ditmer MA. Integrating socioecological suitability with human–wildlife conflict risk: Case study for translocation of a large ungulate. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. McCann
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Eric M. Walberg
- Illinois Natural History Survey University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana‐Champaign IL USA
| | - James D. Forester
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Michael W. Schrage
- Resource Management Division Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Cloquet MN USA
| | - David C. Fulton
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA
- U.S. Geological Survey Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Mark A. Ditmer
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA
- U.S.D.A. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Ogden UT USA
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10
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Elk Responses to Management Hunting and Hazing. J Wildl Manage 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Gaynor KM, Cherry MJ, Gilbert SL, Kohl MT, Larson CL, Newsome TM, Prugh LR, Suraci JP, Young JK, Smith JA. An applied ecology of fear framework: linking theory to conservation practice. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M. Gaynor
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
| | - Michael J. Cherry
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University‐Kingsville Kingsville Texas USA
| | - Sophie L. Gilbert
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho USA
| | - Michel T. Kohl
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | | | - Thomas M. Newsome
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Laura R. Prugh
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Justin P. Suraci
- Center for Integrated Spatial Research Environmental Studies Department University of California Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Julie K. Young
- Predator Research Facility USDA‐National Wildlife Research Center Millville Utah USA
| | - Justine A. Smith
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology University of California, Davis Davis CA USA
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12
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Martínez-Jauregui M, Delibes-Mateos M, Arroyo B, Soliño M. Addressing social attitudes toward lethal control of wildlife in national parks. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:868-878. [PMID: 32406979 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinary population growth of certain ungulate species is increasingly a concern in agroforestry areas because overabundance may negatively affect natural environments and human livelihoods. However, society may have negative perceptions of killing wildlife to reduce their numbers and mitigate damage. We used an online survey that included a choice experiment to determine Spanish citizens' (n = 190) preferences toward wildlife population control measures related to negative effects of ungulate overabundance (negative impacts on vegetation and other wildlife species and disease transmission to livestock) in 2 agroforestry national parks in Spain. We used latent-class and willingness-to-pay in space models to analyze survey results. Two percent of respondents thought a national park should have no human intervention even if lack of management may cause environmental degradation, whereas 95% of respondents favored efforts to reduce damage caused by overabundant ungulate species. We estimated human well-being losses of survey respondents when sustainable effects of deer overabundance on the environment became unsustainable effects and well-being gains when sustainable effects transitioned to no visible effects. We found that the type of wildlife-control program was a very relevant issue for the respondents; indirect control in which killing was avoided was the preferred action. Sixty-six percent of respondents agreed with the option of hunters paying for culling animals to reduce ungulate impacts rather than management cost coming out of taxes, whereas 19% of respondents were against this option and willing to pay for other solutions in national parks. Our results suggest that killing wildlife in national parks could be a socially acceptable tool to manage overabundance problems in certain contexts, but it could also generate social conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martínez-Jauregui
- National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Forest Research Centre (CIFOR), Ctra. de La Coruña km. 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid & INIA, Avda. de Madrid 57, 34004, Palencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Delibes-Mateos
- Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados (IESA-CSIC), Campo Santo de los Mártires 7, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Beatriz Arroyo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mario Soliño
- Department of Economic Analysis & ICEI, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
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13
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Ensminger DC, Pritchard C, Langkilde T, Gingery T, Banfield JE, Walter WD. The influence of hunting pressure and ecological factors on fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in wild elk. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Ensminger
- D. C. Ensminger (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-1638) ✉ , and C. Pritchard (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-6945), Dept of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State Univ., Forest Resources Building, University P
| | - Catharine Pritchard
- D. C. Ensminger (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-1638) ✉ , and C. Pritchard (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-6945), Dept of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State Univ., Forest Resources Building, University P
| | - Tracy Langkilde
- T. Gingery (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9248-1814), Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA, USA
| | - Tess Gingery
- T. Gingery (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9248-1814), Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - W. David Walter
- W. D. Walter (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-1073), U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA, USA
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14
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Monteith KB, Monteith KL, Jenks JA. Condensed tannins as a deterrent to crop depredation by white‐tailed deer: Effects of concentration and learning. WILDLIFE SOC B 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B. Monteith
- Department of Natural Resource ManagementSouth Dakota State University Box 2140B Brookings SD 57007 USA
| | - Kevin L. Monteith
- Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of Wyoming 804 E Fremont Laramie WY 82072 USA
| | - Jonathan A. Jenks
- Department of Natural Resource ManagementSouth Dakota State University Box 2140B Brookings SD 57007 USA
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15
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Found R, St. Clair CC. Influences of Personality on Ungulate Migration and Management. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Amor JM, Newman R, Jensen WF, Rundquist BC, Walter WD, Boulanger JR. Seasonal home ranges and habitat selection of three elk (Cervus elaphus) herds in North Dakota. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211650. [PMID: 30716128 PMCID: PMC6361512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in land use have resulted in range shifts of many wildlife species, including those entering novel environments, resulting in the critical need to understand their spatial ecology to inform ecosystem effects and management decisions. Dispersing elk (Cervus elaphus) were colonizing areas of suitable habitat in the Northern Great Plains, USA, resulting in crop depredation complaints in these areas. Although state resource managers had little information on these elk herds, limited evidence suggested temporal movements into Canada. We collected and analyzed essential information on home range and habitat selection for 3 elk herds residing in North Dakota. We captured 5 adult female elk in each study area, affixed global positioning system collars, and monitored them for 1 year (2016-2017). We estimated diel period, seasonal, and hunting season home ranges using Brownian Bridge Movement Models for each individual. We analyzed habitat selection using multinomial logit models to test for differences in use of land classes, and for departures from proportionate use based on random sampling; our predictor variables included individual elk, diel period, and season. Home ranges differed between the 3 herds, seasons, and diel period; gun and winter season home ranges were both larger than in summer, as was night when compared with day. Female elk generally restricted themselves to cover during the day and entered open areas at night and during winter months. Our results also suggest that elk in our study areas tended to seek more cover, and in the case of our Turtle Mountain study area, some cross into Canada during gun season. Our study provides a better understanding of the spatial ecology of elk in the Northern Great Plains while highlighting the need for enhanced international cooperative management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Amor
- Department of Geography, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Robert Newman
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - William F. Jensen
- North Dakota Game and Fish Department, Bismarck, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Bradley C. Rundquist
- Department of Geography, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - W. David Walter
- United States Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jason R. Boulanger
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rowland MM, Wisdom MJ, Nielson RM, Cook JG, Cook RC, Johnson BK, Coe PK, Hafer JM, Naylor BJ, Vales DJ, Anthony RG, Cole EK, Danilson CD, Davis RW, Geyer F, Harris S, Irwin LL, McCoy R, Pope MD, Sager-Fradkin K, Vavra M. Modeling Elk Nutrition and Habitat Use in Western Oregon and Washington. WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary M. Rowland
- U. S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Michael J. Wisdom
- U. S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Ryan M. Nielson
- Western EcoSystems Technology (WEST), Inc.; 2121 Midpoint Drive, Suite 201 Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - John G. Cook
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Rachel C. Cook
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Bruce K. Johnson
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Priscilla K. Coe
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Jennifer M. Hafer
- U. S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Bridgett J. Naylor
- U. S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - David J. Vales
- Muckleshoot Indian Tribe; 39015 172nd Avenue SE Auburn WA 98092 USA
| | - Robert G. Anthony
- Oregon State University; 1500 Southwest Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Eric K. Cole
- U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Elk Refuge; P. O. Box 510, Jackson WY, 83001 USA
| | - Chris D. Danilson
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Region 4, 111 Sherman Street La Conner WA 98257 USA
| | - Ronald W. Davis
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61820 USA
| | - Frank Geyer
- Quileute Tribe; 401 Main Street La Push WA 98350 USA
| | - Scott Harris
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; 48 Devonshire Road Montesano WA 98563 USA
| | - Larry L. Irwin
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; P. O. Box 68 Stevensville MT 59870 USA
| | - Robert McCoy
- Makah Forestry; P. O. Box 116 Neah Bay WA 98357 USA
| | | | - Kim Sager-Fradkin
- Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe Natural Resources; 760 Stratton Road Port Angeles WA 98363 USA
| | - Martin Vavra
- U. S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
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Sevigny J, Sevigny M, George-Wirtz E, Summers A. Spatial Distribution, Site Fidelity, and Home Range Overlap in the North Cascades Elk Herd: Implications for Management. NORTHWEST SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.3955/046.092.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sevigny
- Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians, Natural Resources Department, P.O. Box 277, Arlington, Washington 98
| | - Michael Sevigny
- Tulalip Tribes, Natural and Cultural Resources Department, 6406 Marine Drive, Tulalip, Washington 98
| | - Emily George-Wirtz
- Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe, Natural Resource Department, 5318 Chief Brown Lane, Darrington, Washingt
| | - Amanda Summers
- Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians, Natural Resources Department, P.O. Box 277, Arlington, Washington 98
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Intermediate frequency of aversive conditioning best restores wariness in habituated elk (Cervus canadensis). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199216. [PMID: 29940021 PMCID: PMC6016931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In protected areas around the world, wildlife habituate to humans and human infrastructure, potentially resulting in human-wildlife conflict, and leading to trophic disruptions through excess herbivory and disconnection of predators from prey. For large species that threaten human safety, wildlife managers sometimes attempt to reverse habituation with aversive conditioning. This technique associates people as a conditioned stimulus with a negative, unconditioned stimulus, such as pain or fright, to increase wariness and prevent the need for lethal wildlife management. Resistance to aversive conditioning by some habituated individuals often results in more frequent conditioning events by managers, but there are few studies of conditioning frequency with which to evaluate the usefulness of this management response. We evaluated the effect of conditioning frequency on the wariness of elk (Cervus canadensis) by subjecting marked individuals to predator-resembling chases by people over a period of three months. In that time, animals were subjected to conditioning a total of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 9 times which we analyzed as both an ordinal variable and a binary one divided into low (3-5) and high (6-9) conditioning frequencies. We measured wariness before, during, and after the conditioning period using flight response distances from an approaching researcher. During the conditioning period, overall wariness increased significantly for elk in both treatment groups, although the increase was significantly greater in individuals subjected to high conditioning frequencies. However in the post-conditioning period, wariness gains also declined most in the high-frequency group, equating to more rapid extinction of learned behaviour. Across all treatment frequencies, rapid changes in flight responses also characterized the individuals with the lowest wariness at the beginning of the study period, suggesting that individuals with greater behavioural flexibility are more likely to habituate to both people and their attempts to change wariness via aversive conditioning. Together, our results imply that aversive conditioning may be most effective at intermediate frequencies and that its utility might be further increased with proactive assessment of individual personalities in habituated wildlife.
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Visscher DR, Macleod I, Vujnovic K, Vujnovic D, Dewitt PD. Human risk induced behavioral shifts in refuge use by elk in an agricultural matrix. WILDLIFE SOC B 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Macleod
- The King's University; Edmonton AB T6B 2H3 Canada
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Found R, St Clair CC. Ambidextrous ungulates have more flexible behaviour, bolder personalities and migrate less. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:160958. [PMID: 28386447 PMCID: PMC5367311 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies of wildlife have shown consistent individual variation in behavioural plasticity, which affects the rate of adaptation to changing environments. More flexible individuals may thus be more prone to habituation and conflict behaviour, but these applications of personality to wildlife management are little explored. Behavioural lateralization reflects cerebral specialization that may predict diverse expressions of behavioural plasticity. We recorded front-limb biases (i.e. handedness) in wild elk (Cervus canadensis), a species with facultative migration and high rates of habituation inside protected areas. Less lateralized elk responded more strongly to the application of aversive conditioning (predator-resembling chases by humans) by increasing their average flight response distances, but these same animals were also quicker to reduce their flight responses (i.e. habituate) when human approaches were benign. Greater laterality was correlated with, but not completely predicted by, bolder personalities, which we quantified via five correlated behavioural metrics. Lastly, lateralized elk were three times more likely to migrate, whereas less lateralized animals were similarly likely to remain near humans year-round. Lateralized behaviours can provide insight into behavioural flexibility enabling certain individuals to more quickly adapt to human-disturbed landscapes, and offer an especially productive arena for collaborative work by behaviourists, conservation biologists and wildlife managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Found
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada T6G 2R3
| | - C C St Clair
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada T6G 2R3
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Beguin J, Tremblay J, Thiffault N, Pothier D, Côté SD. Management of forest regeneration in boreal and temperate deer–forest systems: challenges, guidelines, and research gaps. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Beguin
- Department of Biology Université Laval 1045 Avenue de la Médecine Québec Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Jean‐Pierre Tremblay
- Department of Biology Université Laval 1045 Avenue de la Médecine Québec Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
- Centre for Northern Studies Université Laval Québec Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
- Centre for Forest Research Université Laval Québec Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Nelson Thiffault
- Centre for Forest Research Université Laval Québec Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs 2700 Einstein Québec Québec G1P 3W8 Canada
| | - David Pothier
- Centre for Forest Research Université Laval Québec Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
- Faculté de Foresterie, de Géographie et de Géomatique Université Laval 2405 Rue de la Terrasse Québec Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Steeve D. Côté
- Department of Biology Université Laval 1045 Avenue de la Médecine Québec Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
- Centre for Northern Studies Université Laval Québec Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Found
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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DeVore RM, Butler MJ, Wallace MC, Liley SL, Mertz AA, Sesnie SE, Gipson PS. Elk resource selection patterns in a semiarid riparian corridor. J Wildl Manage 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. DeVore
- Department of Natural Resources ManagementTexas Tech UniversityP.O. Box 4215LubbockTX79409USA
| | - Matthew J. Butler
- National Wildlife Refuge SystemU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceP.O. Box 1306AlbuquerqueNM87103USA
| | - Mark C. Wallace
- Department of Natural Resources ManagementTexas Tech UniversityP.O. Box 4215LubbockTX79409USA
| | - Stewart L. Liley
- New Mexico Department of Game and FishOne Wildlife WaySanta FeNM87507USA
| | - Ashley A. Mertz
- Bosque del Apache National Wildlife RefugeU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceP.O. Box 280San AntonioNM87832USA
| | - Steven E. Sesnie
- National Wildlife Refuge SystemU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceP.O. Box 1306AlbuquerqueNM87103USA
| | - Philip S. Gipson
- Department of Natural Resources ManagementTexas Tech UniversityP.O. Box 4215LubbockTX79409USA
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Davis NE, Bennett A, Forsyth DM, Bowman DMJS, Lefroy EC, Wood SW, Woolnough AP, West P, Hampton JO, Johnson CN. A systematic review of the impacts and management of introduced deer (family Cervidae) in Australia. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/wr16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Deer are among the world’s most successful invasive mammals and can have substantial deleterious impacts on natural and agricultural ecosystems. Six species have established wild populations in Australia, and the distributions and abundances of some species are increasing. Approaches to managing wild deer in Australia are diverse and complex, with some populations managed as ‘game’ and others as ‘pests’. Implementation of cost-effective management strategies that account for this complexity is hindered by a lack of knowledge of the nature, extent and severity of deer impacts. To clarify the knowledge base and identify research needs, we conducted a systematic review of the impacts and management of wild deer in Australia. Most wild deer are in south-eastern Australia, but bioclimatic analysis suggested that four species are well suited to the tropical and subtropical climates of northern Australia. Deer could potentially occupy most of the continent, including parts of the arid interior. The most significant impacts are likely to occur through direct effects of herbivory, with potentially cascading indirect effects on fauna and ecosystem processes. However, evidence of impacts in Australia is largely observational, and few studies have experimentally partitioned the impacts of deer from those of sympatric native and other introduced herbivores. Furthermore, there has been little rigorous testing of the efficacy of deer management in Australia, and our understanding of the deer ecology required to guide deer management is limited. We identified the following six priority research areas: (i) identifying long-term changes in plant communities caused by deer; (ii) understanding interactions with other fauna; (iii) measuring impacts on water quality; (iv) assessing economic impacts on agriculture (including as disease vectors); (v) evaluating efficacy of management for mitigating deer impacts; and (vi) quantifying changes in distribution and abundance. Addressing these knowledge gaps will assist the development and prioritisation of cost-effective management strategies and help increase stakeholder support for managing the impacts of deer on Australian ecosystems.
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Bennett A, Haydon S, Stevens M, Coulson G. Culling reduces fecal pellet deposition by introduced sambar (Rusa unicolor) in a protected water catchment. WILDLIFE SOC B 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ami Bennett
- School of BioSciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Shane Haydon
- Melbourne Water; 990 La Trobe St, Docklands VIC 3008 Australia
| | - Melita Stevens
- Melbourne Water; 990 La Trobe St, Docklands VIC 3008 Australia
| | - Graeme Coulson
- School of BioSciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
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Modeling and mitigating winter hay bale damage by elk in a low prevalence bovine tuberculosis endemic zone. Prev Vet Med 2014; 114:123-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Johnson HE, Fischer JW, Hammond M, Dorsey PD, Walter WD, Anderson C, VERcauteren KC. Evaluation of techniques to reduce deer and Elk damage to agricultural crops. WILDLIFE SOC B 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin W. Fischer
- United States Department of Agriculture; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Wildlife Services; National Wildlife Research Center; 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
| | - Matthew Hammond
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife; 151 E 16th Street Durango CO 81301 USA
| | | | - W. David Walter
- United States Department of Agriculture; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Wildlife Services; National Wildlife Research Center; 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
| | - Charles Anderson
- United States Department of Agriculture; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Wildlife Services; National Wildlife Research Center; 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
| | - Kurt C. VERcauteren
- United States Department of Agriculture; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Wildlife Services; National Wildlife Research Center; 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
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Jachowski DS, Slotow R, Millspaugh JJ. Good virtual fences make good neighbors: opportunities for conservation. Anim Conserv 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Jachowski
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA USA
- Amarula Elephant Research Programme; School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus; Durban South Africa
| | - R. Slotow
- Amarula Elephant Research Programme; School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus; Durban South Africa
| | - J. J. Millspaugh
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences; University of Missouri; Columbia MO USA
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Vander Wal E, Edye I, Paquet PC, Coltman DW, Bayne E, Brook RK, Andrés JA. Juxtaposition between host population structures: implications for disease transmission in a sympatric cervid community. Evol Appl 2013; 6:1001-11. [PMID: 24187583 PMCID: PMC3804234 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympatric populations of phylogenetically related species are often vulnerable to similar communicable diseases. Although some host populations may exhibit spatial structure, other hosts within the community may have unstructured populations. Thus, individuals from unstructured host populations may act as interspecific vectors among discrete subpopulations of sympatric alternate hosts. We used a cervid-bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) system to investigate the landscape-scale potential for bovine tuberculosis transmission within a nonmigratory white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and elk (Cervus canadensis) community. Using landscape population genetics, we tested for genetic and spatial structure in white-tailed deer. We then compared these findings with the sympatric elk population that is structured and which has structure that correlates spatially and genetically to physiognomic landscape features. Despite genetic structure that indicates the white-tailed deer population forms three sympatric clusters, the absence of spatial structure suggested that intraspecific pathogen transmission is not likely to be limited by physiognomic landscape features. The potential for intraspecific transmission among subpopulations of elk is low due to spatial population structure. Given that white-tailed deer are abundant, widely distributed, and exhibit a distinct lack of spatial population structure, white-tailed deer likely pose a greater threat as bovine tuberculosis vectors among elk subpopulations than elk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vander Wal
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Polfus JL, Krausman PR. Impacts of residential development on ungulates in the Rocky Mountain West. WILDLIFE SOC B 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Powers JG, Baker DL, Davis TL, Conner MM, Lothridge AH, Nett TM. Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone immunization on reproductive function and behavior in captive female Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni). Biol Reprod 2011; 85:1152-60. [PMID: 21753192 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.088237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertility control is a potential method for managing overabundant wildlife populations; however, current technology is limited by duration of treatment efficacy and unacceptable side effects. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a single immunization with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine to suppress reproductive function in pregnant female elk and to evaluate potential behavioral and pathological side effects of treatment. Eighteen captive adult female elk were randomly allocated to one of two experimental groups. Ten females were administered a conjugated and adjuvanted GnRH vaccine intramuscularly, and eight elk received an adjuvant sham vaccine without conjugated GnRH. We compared success of existing pregnancy, neonatal survival, subsequent fertility, reproductive behavior rates, and side effects of treatment between January 2006 and January 2010. The GnRH vaccination did not affect existing pregnancy or calf survival during the year that it was applied; however, it reduced the proportion of pregnant females for 3 yr. Male precopulatory behavior rates exhibited toward GnRH-vaccinated females tended to be greater than those directed at sham-vaccinated females during the second half of the breeding season, when GnRH vaccinates continued to be proceptive. Strong immune and inflammatory responses, including robust GnRH antibody concentrations in GnRH vaccinates, and sterile pyogranulomatous injection site abscesses in both groups, were consistent with vaccination. In conclusion, this GnRH vaccine resulted in prolonged, albeit reversible, impairment of fertility, and is associated with extended reproductive behaviors and partial suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function in captive female elk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny G Powers
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
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White PCL, Ward AI. Interdisciplinary approaches for the management of existing and emerging human - wildlife conflicts. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/wr10191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human–wildlife conflicts are increasing throughout the world, principally due to a combination of human population growth, increased pressure on land and natural resources and climate change. Many human–wildlife conflicts stem from differences in objectives between various stakeholder groups, especially where the wildlife in question is a resource that can be exploited for economic or cultural benefit, or where the conservation of wildlife is at odds with human population growth or development pressure. Conflicts can be exacerbated by an incomplete understanding of their causes and/or inappropriate intervention measures. Many traditional forms of intervention are also subject to increasing scrutiny and criticism from society. Here, we highlight the potential strategic benefits that can be made by an interdisciplinary approach to human–wildlife conflict situations, by integrating knowledge and understanding across the natural and social sciences. We also stress the potential tactical benefits from combining new approaches to management with more traditional ones. We emphasise the potential contribution of more recent developments in decision-making under conditions of limited data availability and uncertainty. Finally, we recommend that monitoring should play a more prominent role, both in assessing the role of stakeholder engagement in participatory decision-making and in contributing to the evidence base that will allow competing hypotheses about specific systems to be evaluated in an iterative manner.
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