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Picavet PP, Claeys S, Rondia E, Balligand M. Compressive mechanical properties of dry antler cortical bone cylinders from different cervidae species. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106442. [PMID: 38330876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Antlers are bony structures composed predominantly of primary osteons with unique mechanical properties due to their specific use by deer as weapon and shield. Antler bone fracture resistance has attracted prior scrutiny through experimental tests and theoretical models. To characterize antler mechanical properties, compression of cubes, or bending or tensioning of rectangular bars have been performed in the literature with variations in the protocols precluding comparisons of the data. Compression testing is a widely used experimental technique for determining the mechanical properties of specimens excised from cortical or cancellous regions of bone. However, the recommended geometry for compression tests is the cylinder, being more representative of the real performances of the material. The purpose of research was to report data for compressive strength and stiffness of antler cortical bone following current guidelines. Cylinders (n = 296) of dry antler cortical bone from either the main beam or the tines of Cervus elaphus, Rangifer tarandus, Cervus nippon and Damadama were tested. This study highlights the fact that compression of antler cortical bone cylinders following current guidelines is feasible but not applicable in all species. Standardization of the testing protocols could help to compare data from the literature. This study also confirms that sample localization has no effect on the mechanical properties, that sample density has a significant impact and allows enriching the knowledge of the mechanical properties of dry antler cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre P Picavet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.
| | - Stéphanie Claeys
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Rondia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Balligand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
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2
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Tang L, Dong S, Xing X. Comparative Genomics Reveal Phylogenetic Relationship and Chromosomal Evolutionary Events of Eight Cervidae Species. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1063. [PMID: 38612302 PMCID: PMC11010878 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervidae represents a family that is not only rich in species diversity but also exhibits a wide range of karyotypes. The controversies regarding the phylogeny and classification of Cervidae still persist. The flourishing development of the genomic era has made it possible to address these issues at the genomic level. Here, the genomes of nine species were used to explore the phylogeny and chromosomal evolutionary events of Cervidae. By conducting whole-genome comparisons, we identified single-copy orthologous genes across the nine species and constructed a phylogenetic tree based on the single-copy orthologous genes sequences, providing new insights into the phylogeny of Cervidae, particularly the phylogenetic relationship among sika deer, red deer, wapiti and Tarim red deer. Gene family analysis revealed contractions in the olfactory receptor gene family and expansions in the histone gene family across eight Cervidae species. Furthermore, synteny analysis was used to explore the chromosomal evolutionary events of Cervidae species, revealing six chromosomal fissions during the evolutionary process from Bovidae to Cervidae. Notably, specific chromosomal fusion events were found in four species of Cervus, and a unique chromosomal fusion event was identified in Muntiacus reevesi. Our study further completed the phylogenetic relationship within the Cervidae and demonstrated the feasibility of inferring species phylogeny at the whole-genome level. Additionally, our findings on gene family evolution and the chromosomal evolutionary events in eight Cervidae species lay a foundation for comprehensive research of the evolution of Cervidae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiumei Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; (L.T.); (S.D.)
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3
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Newman BA, D’Angelo GJ. A Review of Cervidae Visual Ecology. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:420. [PMID: 38338063 PMCID: PMC10854973 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review examines the visual systems of cervids in relation to their ability to meet their ecological needs and how their visual systems are specialized for particular tasks. Cervidae encompasses a diverse group of mammals that serve as important ecological drivers within their ecosystems. Despite evidence of highly specialized visual systems, a large portion of cervid research ignores or fails to consider the realities of cervid vision as it relates to their ecology. Failure to account for an animal's visual ecology during research can lead to unintentional biases and uninformed conclusions regarding the decision making and behaviors for a species or population. Our review addresses core behaviors and their interrelationship with cervid visual characteristics. Historically, the study of cervid visual characteristics has been restricted to specific areas of inquiry such as color vision and contains limited integration into broader ecological and behavioral research. The purpose of our review is to bridge these gaps by offering a comprehensive review of cervid visual ecology that emphasizes the interplay between the visual adaptations of cervids and their interactions with habitats and other species. Ultimately, a better understanding of cervid visual ecology allows researchers to gain deeper insights into their behavior and ecology, providing critical information for conservation and management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise A. Newman
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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4
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Fabri ND, Heesterbeek H, Cromsigt JPGM, Ecke F, Sprong H, Nijhuis L, Hofmeester TR, Hartemink N. Exploring the influence of host community composition on the outbreak potential of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102275. [PMID: 37922668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In large parts of the northern hemisphere, multiple deer species coexist, and management actions can strongly influence wild deer communities. Such changes may also indirectly influence other species in the community, such as small mammals and birds, because deer can have strong effects on their habitats and resources. Deer, small mammals and birds play an important role in the dynamics of tick-borne zoonotic diseases. It is, however, relatively underexplored how the abundance and composition of vertebrate communities may affect the outbreak potential, maintenance and circulation of tick-borne pathogens. In this study we focus on the outbreak potential by exploring how the basic reproduction number R0 for different tick-borne pathogens depends on host community composition. We used published data on co-varying roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) densities following a hunting ban, and different small mammal and bird densities, to investigate how the change in host community influences the R0 of four tick-borne pathogens: one non-zoonotic, namely Anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotype 2, and three zoonotic, namely A. phagocytophilum ecotype 1, Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii. We calculated R0 using a next generation matrix approach, and used elasticities to quantify the contributions to R0 of the different groups of host species. The value of R0 for A. phagocytophilum ecotype 1 was higher with high fallow deer density and low roe deer density, while it was the other way round for A. phagocytophilum ecotype 2. For B. afzelii, R0 was mostly related to the density of small mammals and for B. garinii it was mostly determined by bird density. Our results show that the effect of species composition is substantial in the outbreak potential of tick-borne pathogens. This implies that also management actions that change this composition, can (indirectly and unintentionally) affect the outbreak potential of tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannet D Fabri
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Heesterbeek
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris P G M Cromsigt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden; Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hein Sprong
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Nijhuis
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim R Hofmeester
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nienke Hartemink
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Viadanna PHO, Grace SG, Logan TD, DeRuyter E, Loeb JC, Wilson KN, White ZS, Krauer JMC, Lednicky JA, Waltzek TB, Wisely SM, Subramaniam K. Characterization of two novel reassortant bluetongue virus serotype 1 strains isolated from farmed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Florida, USA. Virus Genes 2023; 59:732-740. [PMID: 37439882 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic diseases caused by epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus or by bluetongue virus (BTV) are the most important orbivirus diseases affecting ruminants, including white-tailed deer (WTD). Bluetongue virus is of particular concern for farmed WTD in Florida, given its lethality and its wide distribution throughout the state. This study reports the clinical findings, ancillary diagnostics, and genomic characterization of two BTV serotype 1 strains isolated from two farmed WTD, from two different farms in Florida in 2019 and 2022. Phylogenetic and genetic analyses indicated that these two novel BTV-1 strains were reassortants. In addition, our analyses reveal that most genome segments of these strains were acquired from BTVs previously detected in ruminants in Florida, substantiating their endemism in the Southeastern U.S. Our findings underscore the need for additional research to determine the genetic diversity of BTV strains in Florida, their prevalence, and the potential risk of new BTV strains to WTD and other ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H O Viadanna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Savannah G Grace
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tracey D Logan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily DeRuyter
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julia C Loeb
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kristen N Wilson
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zoe S White
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Juan M C Krauer
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, 99164, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - John A Lednicky
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas B Waltzek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, 99164, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Samantha M Wisely
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kuttichantran Subramaniam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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6
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Lyamin OI, Siegel JM, Nazarenko EA, Vu M, Rozhnov VV. Sleep with Open Eyes in Two Species of Deer, the Indian Sambar (Rusa unicolor) and Sika Deer (Cervus nippon). Dokl Biol Sci 2023; 512:295-299. [PMID: 38087016 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623700679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between postures, sleep stages and eye state was established in two species of deer, the Indian sambar (Rusa unicolor) and sika deer (Cervus nippon), based on video recording. In both species, the state of rest or behavioral sleep was recorded in the sternal position, holding the head above the ground, and in the lateral position, with the head resting on the croup or on the ground. Rest accounted for at least 80% of the time in these positions. Based on behavior criteria a substantial portion of rest represented slow-wave sleep. Episodes of rapid eye movements (REM sleep) were recorded in the lateral position. They did not exceed 2 min. When the deer were in the sternal posture, they kept their eyes open most of the time: in average 96% of the time in sambars and 82% in sika deer. Episodes of the open eye in this posture lasted up to 8.4 min in sambars and up to 3.3 min in sika deer. In the lateral position, such episodes were 4 and 1.5 times shorter. Sleeping with open eyes in ungulates may be an important mechanism of maintaining vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- O I Lyamin
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Joint Russian-Vietnam Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - J M Siegel
- University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - E A Nazarenko
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Joint Russian-Vietnam Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Manh Vu
- Joint Russian-Vietnam Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - V V Rozhnov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Joint Russian-Vietnam Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
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7
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Hoskins E, Hoffman J, Ferro PJ, Diaz-Delgado J, Porter BF, Gomez G, Cliften P. Deer mastadenovirus B pneumonia in a white-tailed deer fawn. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:543-546. [PMID: 37305980 PMCID: PMC10467465 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231179140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A 7-mo-old farmed white-tailed deer fawn (Odocoileus virginianus) died after several weeks of progressive deterioration associated with endoparasitism and respiratory signs. A field autopsy was performed, and lung tissue was submitted for histologic examination. The findings were consistent with necrosuppurative bronchointerstitial pneumonia with intranuclear viral inclusions. Immunofluorescence using fluorescently labeled polyclonal antibodies to bovine adenovirus 3 and 5 was positive. To rule out cross-reactivity with other adenoviruses, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were submitted for genome sequence analysis, which revealed a 99.6% match to Deer mastadenovirus B (formerly Odocoileus adenovirus 2, OdAdV2). To our knowledge, natural clinical disease associated with OdAdV2 has not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hoskins
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jay Hoffman
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Pamela J. Ferro
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Josué Diaz-Delgado
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brian F. Porter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel Gomez
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Paul Cliften
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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8
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van Beest FM, Petersen HH, Krogh AK, Frederiksen ML, Schmidt NM, Hansson SV. Estimating parasite-condition relationships and potential health effects for fallow deer ( Dama dama) and red deer ( Cervus elaphus) in Denmark. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 21:143-152. [PMID: 37215531 PMCID: PMC10196918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Parasites can exert a substantial influence on the ecology of wildlife populations by altering host condition. Our objectives were to estimate single and multiparasite-condition relationships for fallow deer (Dama dama) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Denmark and to assess potential health effects along the parasite burden gradient. Fallow deer hosted on average two endoparasite taxa per individual (min = 0, max = 5) while red deer carried on average five parasite taxa per individual (min = 2, max = 9). Body condition of both deer species was negatively related to presence of Trichuris ssp. eggs while body condition of red deer was positively related to antibodies of the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. For the remaining parasite taxa (n = 12), we either found weak or no apparent association between infection and deer body condition or low prevalence levels restricted formal testing. Importantly, we detected a strong negative relationship between body condition and the sum of endoparasite taxa carried by individual hosts, a pattern that was evident in both deer species. We did not detect systemic inflammatory reactions, yet serology revealed reduced total protein and iron concentrations with increased parasite load in both deer species, likely due to maldigestion of forage or malabsorption of nutrients. Despite moderate sample sizes, our study highlights the importance of considering multiparasitism when assessing body condition impacts in deer populations. Moreover, we show how serum chemistry assays are a valuable diagnostic tool to detect subtle and sub-clinical health impacts of parasitism, even at low-level infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris M. van Beest
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej, 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Heidi H. Petersen
- Center for Diagnostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne K.H. Krogh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Niels M. Schmidt
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej, 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sophia V. Hansson
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (UMR- 5245), CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Ave. de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
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9
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Sandoval EDP, Vacari GQ, Juliá JP, González S, Vozdova M, Cernohorska H, Kubickova S, Kalthoff DC, Duarte JMB. Assessing the Taxonomic Status of the Gray Brocket Mazama simplicicornis argentina Lönnberg, 1919 (Artiodactyla: Cervidae). Zool Stud 2023; 62:e30. [PMID: 37671175 PMCID: PMC10475465 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2023.62-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Mazama simplicicornis argentina is the name that was given to describe a gray brocket collected by Lönberg in 1919 in the central Chaco region of Argentina. Subsequent authors, based on morphological similarities, considered this name to be a synonym for the species Subulo gouazoubira Fischer, 1814 from Paraguay. In the absence of genetic analyses to compare the Argentinian and Paraguayan gray brockets, we aimed to clarify the taxonomy of M. simplicicornis argentina through an integrative assessment using morphological, cytogenetical, and molecular data from its holotype and a current topotype. Qualitative skull features and cranio-morphometric results of M. simplicicornis argentina showed a great similarity with the S. gouazoubira neotype characters. The diploid chromosome number of M. simplicicornis argentina topotype corresponded with the karyotypical pattern of S. gouazoubira with 2n = 70 and FN = 70, showing a great similarity in all classic and molecular cytogenetic results and revealing the homologies between karyotypes. The phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genes used in this study (concatenated partial ND5 and Cytb gene) allocated the M. simplicicornis argentina specimens in the monophyletic clade of S. gouazoubira with a branch value of 100%. These results show that there is no discontinuity between the Argentinian and Paraguayan gray brockets. Therefore, the individuals originally described as M. simplicicornis argentina should be recognized as S. gouazoubira.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eluzai Dinai Pinto Sandoval
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. E-mail: (Duarte); (Sandoval); (Vacari)
| | - Gabrielle Queiroz Vacari
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. E-mail: (Duarte); (Sandoval); (Vacari)
| | - Juan Pablo Juliá
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina. E-mail: (Juliá)
| | - Susana González
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay. E-mail: (González)
| | - Miluse Vozdova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. E-mail: (Vozdova); (Cernohorska); (Kubickova)
| | - Halina Cernohorska
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. E-mail: (Vozdova); (Cernohorska); (Kubickova)
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. E-mail: (Vozdova); (Cernohorska); (Kubickova)
| | - Daniela C Kalthoff
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: (Kalthoff)
| | - José Mauricio Barbanti Duarte
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. E-mail: (Duarte); (Sandoval); (Vacari)
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10
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Kelly CL, Gordon IJ, Schwarzkopf L, Pintor A, Pople A, Hirsch BT. Invasive wild deer exhibit environmental niche shifts in Australia: Where to from here? Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10251. [PMID: 37404705 PMCID: PMC10316481 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive species have established populations around the world and, in the process, characteristics of their realized environmental niches have changed. Because of their popularity as a source of game, deer have been introduced to, and become invasive in, many different environments around the world. As such, deer should provide a good model system in which to test environmental niche shifts. Using the current distributions of the six deer species present in Australia, we quantified shifts in their environmental niches that occurred since introduction; we determined the differences in suitable habitat between their international (native and invaded) and their Australian ranges. Given knowledge of their Australian habitat use, we then modeled the present distribution of deer in Australia to assess habitat suitability, in an attempt to predict future deer distributions. We show that the Australian niches of hog (Axis porcinus), fallow (Dama dama), red (Cervus elaphus), rusa (C. timorensis), and sambar deer (C. unicolor), but not chital deer (A. axis), were different to their international ranges. When we quantified the potential range of these six species in Australia, chital, hog, and rusa deer had the largest areas of suitable habitat outside their presently occupied habitat. The other three species had already expanded outside the ranges that we predicted as suitable. Here, we demonstrate that deer have undergone significant environmental niche shifts following introduction into Australia, and these shifts are important for predicting the future spread of these invasive species. It is important to note that current Australian and international environmental niches did not necessarily predict range expansions, thus wildlife managers should treat these analyses as conservative estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L. Kelly
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Iain J. Gordon
- Fenner School of Environment & SocietyAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
- James Hutton InstituteAberdeenUK
- CSIROAustralian Tropical Science and Innovation PrecinctTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Central Queensland UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Lin Schwarzkopf
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Anna Pintor
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Anthony Pople
- Department of Agriculture and FisheriesBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ben T. Hirsch
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaPanama
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Morales-Donoso JA, Vacari GQ, Bernegossi AM, Sandoval EDP, Peres PHF, Galindo DJ, de Thoisy B, Vozdova M, Kubickova S, Barbanti Duarte JM. Revalidation of Passalites Gloger, 1841 for the Amazon brown brocket deer P.nemorivagus (Cuvier, 1817) (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Cervidae). Zookeys 2023; 1167:241-264. [PMID: 37388777 PMCID: PMC10300653 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1167.100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mazamanemorivaga (Cuvier, 1817) is a gray brocket deer that inhabits the Amazon region. An assessment of previous studies revealed inconsistencies in its current taxonomic classification, suggesting the need for an update in its genus classification. A taxonomic repositioning of this species is proposed through the collection of a specimen from its type locality (French Guiana) with subsequent morphological (coloring pattern, body measurements, and craniometry), cytogenetics (G Band, C Band, conventional Giemsa, Ag-NOR staining, and BAC probe mapping), and molecular phylogenetic analysis (mitochondrial genes Cyt B of 920 bp, COI I of 658 bp, D-loop 610 bp), and comparisons with other specimens of the same taxon, as well as other Neotropical deer species. The morphological and cytogenetic differences between this and other Neotropical Cervidae confirm the taxon as a unique and valid species. The phylogenetic analysis evidenced the basal position of the M.nemorivaga specimens within the Blastocerina clade. This shows early diversification and wide divergence from the other species, suggesting that the taxon should be transferred to a different genus. A taxonomic update of the genus name is proposed through the validation of Passalites Gloger, 1841, with Passalitesnemorivagus (Cuvier, 1817) as the type species. Future research should focus on evaluating the potential existence of other species within the genus Passalites, as suggested in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alfonso Morales-Donoso
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)JaboticabalBrazil
| | - Gabrielle Queiroz Vacari
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)JaboticabalBrazil
| | - Agda Maria Bernegossi
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)JaboticabalBrazil
| | - Eluzai Dinai Pinto Sandoval
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)JaboticabalBrazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Faria Peres
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)JaboticabalBrazil
| | - David Javier Galindo
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marco, San Borja, Lima, PeruUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcoLimaPeru
| | | | - Miluse Vozdova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech RepublicCentral European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech RepublicCentral European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - José Mauricio Barbanti Duarte
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)JaboticabalBrazil
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12
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Escobedo-Morales LA, Castañeda-Rico S, Mandujano S, León-Paniagua L, Maldonado JE. First description of the mitochondrial genomes of the Central American brocket deer Mazama temama (Kerr, 1792) and the Yucatán Peninsula brocket deer Odocoileus pandora Merriam, 1901. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4851-4863. [PMID: 37039999 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Central American (Mazama temama) and the Yucatán Peninsula brocket deer (Odocoileus pandora) are deer species with cryptic habits, and little is known about their biology. Odocoileus pandora is listed as Vulnerable on the 2015 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, while M. temama is considered Data Deficient; however, it currently faces a decreasing population trend. METHODS AND RESULTS We assembled the complete mitochondrial genome for two M. temama specimens and one complete and one partial for O. pandora from Illumina 150 bp paired-end reads. The mitogenomes of M. temama and O. pandora have a length of 16,479-16,480 and 16,419 bp, respectively, AT-biased; they consist of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and one non-coding control region, most of them follow a transcription direction in the heavy strand of the molecule. The mitochondrial genome of O. pandora shows some particularities compared to other deer species, like a shorter control region of 987-990 bp and a cytochrome b gene with a length of 1,143 bp. Our phylogenetic analyses confirm the close affinity of M. temama to South American M. americana and the nested position of the genus Odocoileus, including O. pandora, into the genus Mazama. CONCLUSIONS Here, we described for the first time the complete mitochondrial genome for these two species. While our study provides additional information about the taxonomic status of the northern neotropical brocket deer, further research is needed to solve the complicated taxonomy of neotropical deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Escobedo-Morales
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio D, Primer piso, Circuito de Posgrados, AP 70-153, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, 3001 Connecticut Ave., NW, Washington, DC, 20008, USA.
| | - Susette Castañeda-Rico
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, 3001 Connecticut Ave., NW, Washington, DC, 20008, USA
- Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Salvador Mandujano
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, Mexico
| | - Livia León-Paniagua
- Museo de Zoología Alfonso L. Herrera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Jesús E Maldonado
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, 3001 Connecticut Ave., NW, Washington, DC, 20008, USA
- Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
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Gruwier BJ, Kovarovic K. Ecomorphology of the cervid intermediate phalanx and its implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. J Morphol 2023; 284:e21528. [PMID: 36310423 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on newly developed ecomorphological models for the cervid intermediate phalanx. Using a geometric morphometric approach, we quantitatively assess the overall gracility of the bone, the depth and concavity of the proximal articulation and the roundness and symmetry of the distal articulation in the intermediate phalanx, to establish relationships between morphology, locomotor behavior and environment. The morphology of the phalanx was found to vary along a gradient from gracile phalanges with shallow proximal articulations in forms adapted to yielding substrate, to robust phalanges with deeper proximal articulations in taxa adapted to firm substrate. Phylogeny and allometry are accounted for using regressions and phylogenetic comparative methods. Although the results indicate phylogeny explains part of the morphological variation, overall the shape of the intermediate phalanx appears mainly driven by differences in function. Consequently, this element promises to be a useful palaeoenvironmental proxy that can be applied on fossil assemblages with cervid remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Gruwier
- Department of Art Sciences and Archaeology, Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Unit: Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Kris Kovarovic
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
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van den Berg M, Wallen H, Salmi AK. The osteometric identification of castrated reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus) and the significance of castration in tracing human-animal relationships in the North. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 2022; 15:3. [PMID: 36514485 PMCID: PMC9734228 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-022-01696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reindeer are the only domestic cervid and have formed the cosmologies and practical daily lives of numerous peoples in the Northern Hemisphere for thousands of years. The questions of when, how, and where reindeer domestication originated and how it developed remain one of the scientific enigmas of our time. The practice of reindeer castration is an essential feature of all communities practicing reindeer herding today. It has probably been one of the most important interventions in the reindeer's life cycle and biology that marked the start of domesticating human-reindeer relationships long ago. Castration is and has been essential for reindeer taming, control, training, herd management, and ritual practices. Unsuitably, to this present day, there are no methods zooarchaeologists can employ to distinguish a reindeer gelding from a reindeer bull in the archaeological record. In this current paper, we outline a new method that presents the possibility of differentiating between full males, castrated males, and females based on osteometric features. We measured the leg bones and pelvis of the complete or partial skeletons of 97 adult modern domestic reindeer individuals to determine the precise effects castration has on skeletal size and morphology. We explored our osteometric dataset with different statistical methods. We found a clear separation of the two male groups in the radioulna, humerus, and femur but in the tibia and metapodials to a lesser extent. Osteometric depth and width were generally more affected than the longitudinal axis. Females were easily distinguishable from castrates and full males based on nearly every bone measurement. Our analysis shows that reindeer castration can be proven through osteometric analysis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12520-022-01696-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde van den Berg
- Archaeology, History, Culture and Communication Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henri Wallen
- Archaeology, History, Culture and Communication Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Anna-Kaisa Salmi
- Archaeology, History, Culture and Communication Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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15
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Rodrigues TCS, Viadanna PHO, Subramaniam K, Hawkins IK, Jeon AB, Loeb JC, Krauer JMC, Lednicky JA, Wisely SM, Waltzek TB. Characterization of a Novel Reassortant Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 6 Strain Isolated from Diseased White-Tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) on a Florida Farm. Viruses 2022; 14:1012. [PMID: 35632753 PMCID: PMC9146129 DOI: 10.3390/v14051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an outbreak of a novel reassortant epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 (EHDV-6) in white-tailed deer (WTD) on a Florida farm in 2019. At necropsy, most animals exhibited hemorrhagic lesions in the lung and heart, and congestion in the lung, liver, and spleen. Histopathology revealed multi-organ hemorrhage and congestion, and renal tubular necrosis. Tissues were screened by RT-qPCR and all animals tested positive for EHDV. Tissues were processed for virus isolation and next-generation sequencing was performed on cDNA libraries generated from the RNA extracts of cultures displaying cytopathic effects. Six isolates yielded nearly identical complete genome sequences of a novel U.S. EHDV-6 strain. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed the novel strain to be most closely related to a reassortant EHDV-6 strain isolated from cattle in Trinidad and both strains received segment 4 from an Australian EHDV-2 strain. The novel U.S. EHDV-6 strain is unique in that it acquired segment 8 from an Australian EHDV-8 strain. An RNAscope® in situ hybridization assay was developed against the novel U.S. EHDV-6 strain and labeling was detected within lesions of the heart, kidney, liver, and lung. These data support the novel U.S. reassortant EHDV-6 strain as the cause of disease in the farmed WTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís C. S. Rodrigues
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (T.C.S.R.); (P.H.O.V.); (K.S.)
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.C.L.); (J.A.L.); (S.M.W.)
| | - Pedro H. O. Viadanna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (T.C.S.R.); (P.H.O.V.); (K.S.)
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.C.L.); (J.A.L.); (S.M.W.)
| | - Kuttichantran Subramaniam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (T.C.S.R.); (P.H.O.V.); (K.S.)
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.C.L.); (J.A.L.); (S.M.W.)
| | - Ian K. Hawkins
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (I.K.H.); (A.B.J.)
| | - Albert B. Jeon
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (I.K.H.); (A.B.J.)
| | - Julia C. Loeb
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.C.L.); (J.A.L.); (S.M.W.)
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Juan M. C. Krauer
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - John A. Lednicky
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.C.L.); (J.A.L.); (S.M.W.)
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Samantha M. Wisely
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.C.L.); (J.A.L.); (S.M.W.)
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thomas B. Waltzek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (T.C.S.R.); (P.H.O.V.); (K.S.)
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.C.L.); (J.A.L.); (S.M.W.)
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16
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Cook RM, Suttner B, Giglio RM, Haines ML, Latch EK. Selection and demography drive range-wide patterns of MHC-DRB variation in mule deer. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:42. [PMID: 35387584 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-01998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standing genetic variation is important especially in immune response-related genes because of threats to wild populations like the emergence of novel pathogens. Genetic variation at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is crucial in activating the adaptive immune response, is influenced by both natural selection and historical population demography, and their relative roles can be difficult to disentangle. To provide insight into the influences of natural selection and demography on MHC evolution in large populations, we analyzed geographic patterns of variation at the MHC class II DRB exon 2 locus in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) using sequence data collected across their entire broad range. RESULTS We identified 31 new MHC-DRB alleles which were phylogenetically similar to other cervid MHC alleles, and one allele that was shared with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We found evidence for selection on the MHC including high dN/dS ratios, positive neutrality tests, deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) and a stronger pattern of isolation-by-distance (IBD) than expected under neutrality. Historical demography also shaped variation at the MHC, as indicated by similar spatial patterns of variation between MHC and microsatellite loci and a lack of association between genetic variation at either locus type and environmental variables. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that both natural selection and historical demography are important drivers in the evolution of the MHC in mule deer and work together to shape functional variation and the evolution of the adaptive immune response in large, well-connected populations.
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Gruwier BJ, Kovarovic K. Ecomorphology of the cervid calcaneus as a proxy for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:2207-2226. [PMID: 34837351 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study presents new ecomorphological models for the cervid calcaneus that can be used to make predictions about the nature of ancient environments. Using geometric morphometrics to quantitatively assess the length of the articular surface supporting the malleolus, the length and orientation of the tuber calcanei, and the position of the articular facets, we aimed to establish correlations between morphological traits, locomotor behavior, and environmental parameters in extant cervids. The morphology of the calcaneus was found to primarily vary with locomotor strategy and habitat, along a continuum from habitats with an open vegetation structure to habitats with a closed vegetation structure. Confounding factors, including sexual dimorphism, allometry, and phylogeny were accounted for using Principal Component Analysis, regressions and phylogenetic comparative methods. The results of our analyses suggested that these factors did not substantially obscure habitat predictions. As such, the calcaneus provides a valuable proxy for paleoenvironmental reconstruction that is broadly applicable to Quaternary fossil assemblages with a sufficiently large sample of cervids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Gruwier
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK.,HALMA - UMR 8164 (CNRS), Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Kris Kovarovic
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
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Moazami-Goudarzi K, Andréoletti O, Vilotte JL, Béringue V. Review on PRNP genetics and susceptibility to chronic wasting disease of Cervidae. Vet Res 2021; 52:128. [PMID: 34620247 PMCID: PMC8499490 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the most infectious form of prion disease affecting several captive, free ranging and wild cervid species. Responsible for marked population declines in North America, its geographical spread is now becoming a major concern in Europe. Polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP) are an important factor influencing the susceptibility to prions and their rate of propagation. All reported cervid PRNP genotypes are affected by CWD. However, in each species, some polymorphisms are associated with lower attack rates and slower progression of the disease. This has potential consequences in terms of genetic selection, CWD diffusion and strain evolution. CWD also presents a zoonotic risk due to prions capacity to cross species barriers. This review summarizes our current understanding of CWD control, focusing on PRNP genetic, strain diversity and capacity to infect other animal species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- UMR INRAE ENVT 1225 - IHAP, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vilotte
- University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vincent Béringue
- University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Kulpa M, Nelson KJ, Morales AM, Ryan BM, Koschik ML, Scott JJ, Verocai GG. Presence of a cryptic Onchocerca species in black flies of northern California, USA. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:478. [PMID: 34526130 PMCID: PMC8444403 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) serve as arthropod vectors for various species of Onchocerca (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) that may be associated with disease in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. The emergence of zoonotic Onchocerca lupi in North America and reports of cervid-associated zoonotic onchocerciasis by Onchocerca jakutensis highlight the need for increased entomological surveillance. In addition, there is mounting evidence that Onchocerca diversity in North America is far greater than previously thought, currently regarded as Onchocerca cervipedis species complex. This study reports new geographic records and black fly vector associations of an uncharacterized Onchocerca species. Methods To better understand the biodiversity and geographic distribution of Onchocerca, 485 female black flies (2015: 150, 2016: 335) were collected using CO2-baited traps from February to October 2015–2016 in Lake County, northern California, USA. Individual flies were morphologically identified and pooled (≤ 10 individuals) by species, collection date, and trap location. Black fly pools were processed for DNA extraction, and subsequent PCR and sequencing targeting of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 gene of filarioids. Results Among the pools of black flies, there were 158 individuals of Simulium tescorum (2015: 57, 2016: 101), 302 individuals of Simulium vittatum (sensu lato [s.l.]) (2015: 82, 2016: 220), 16 individuals of Simulium clarum “black” phenotype (2015: 5, 2016: 11), and 13 individuals of S. clarum “orange” phenotype (2015: 6, 2016: 7). PCR analysis revealed the percentage of filarioid-positive pools were 7.50% (n = 3) for S. tescorum, 3.75% (n = 3) for S. vittatum (s.l., likely S. tribulatum), 7.69% (n = 1) for S. clarum “black” phenotype, and no positives for S. clarum “orange” phenotype. Genetic distance and phylogenetic analyses suggest that the northern California Onchocerca isolates belong to the same species reported in black flies from southern California (average pairwise comparison: 0.32%), and seem closely related to Onchocerca isolates of white-tailed deer from upstate New York (average pairwise comparison: 2.31%). Conclusion A cryptic Onchocerca species was found in Lake County, California, and may be a part of a larger, continentally distributed species complex rather than a single described species of North America. In addition, there are at least three putative vectors of black flies (S. clarum, S. tescorum, S. vittatum) associated with this cryptic Onchocerca species. A comprehensive reassessment of North American Onchocerca biodiversity, host, and geographic range is necessary. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kulpa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kimberly J Nelson
- San Gabriel Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, West Covina, CA, USA
| | - Alana M Morales
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Bonnie M Ryan
- Lake County Vector Control District, 410 Esplanade St., Lakeport, CA, 95453, USA
| | - Michelle L Koschik
- Lake County Vector Control District, 410 Esplanade St., Lakeport, CA, 95453, USA
| | - Jamesina J Scott
- Lake County Vector Control District, 410 Esplanade St., Lakeport, CA, 95453, USA
| | - Guilherme G Verocai
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Rola LD, Buzanskas ME, Melo LM, Chaves MS, Freitas VJF, Duarte JMB. Assisted Reproductive Technology in Neotropical Deer: A Model Approach to Preserving Genetic Diversity. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1961. [PMID: 34209061 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Deer species in the Neotropical region have undergone a decline of their populations. Although conservation of their natural habitat is considered the best way to assist the species, the speed of occupation of these areas and the anthropic actions are so fast that the efforts are, at times, insufficient. As free-living populations decrease, there is a descent in the genetic diversity and an increase in crossbreeding between related individuals (inbreeding). Genetic diversity is essential for survival, since it enables natural selection to occur, providing adaptation and maintenance of the species. To protect the genetic diversity, it is possible to use reproductive techniques and conserve different types of cells, which can be used in the future to reestablish any alleles that have been lost by the populations. Abstract One of the most significant challenges in deer is the ability to maintain genetic diversity, avoiding inbreeding and sustaining population health and reproduction. Although our general knowledge of reproductive physiology is improving, it appears that the application of assisted reproductive technology (ART) will more efficiently advance wildlife conservation efforts and preserve genetic diversity. The purpose of this review is to present the most important results obtained with the use of ART in Neotropical deer. Thus, the state-of-the-art for estrus synchronization, semen technology, artificial insemination, and in vivo embryo production will be presented. In vitro embryo production (IVP) is also a biotechnology that is taking initial steps in deer. In this aspect, the approach with the proteomics of ovarian follicular fluid is being used as a tool for a better understanding of oocyte maturation. Finally, cell banks and the use of interspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) as well as the use of stem cells for gametes differentiation are promising techniques.
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Tuska-Szalay B, Takács N, Kontschán J, Vizi Z, Hornok S. Dogs are final hosts of Sarcocystis morae (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae): First report of this species in Hungary and its region - Short communication. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:157-160. [PMID: 34111023 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, faecal samples of four American Staffordshire terrier dogs (used for illegal fighting) were analysed by DNA extraction, molecular-phylogenetic and parasitological methods, in order to examine the occurrence of protozoan, apicomplexan parasites. In one sample, the DNA of Sarcocystis morae was shown to be present. This species was identified based on 100% identity with already reported sequences of S. morae from cervids in Lithuania and Spain. The result was also confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. The sporocysts of the canine S. morae isolate measured 14.95 × 9.75 μm on average. This is the first molecular evidence in support of the final host role of domestic dogs in the life cycle of S. morae. The most likely source of the infection was raw meat given to the examined dog to increase its physical achievement. In conclusion, under similar circumstances dogs may participate in the life cycle of S. morae in a 'natural way', shedding sporocysts/oocysts when used for hunting or taken to walks in forested areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tuska-Szalay
- 1Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Takács
- 1Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jenő Kontschán
- 2Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Vizi
- 3Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Hornok
- 1Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Prakas P, Rudaitytė-Lukošienė E, Šneideris D, Butkauskas D. Invasive American mink (Neovison vison) as potential definitive host of Sarcocystis elongata, S. entzerothi, S. japonica, S. truncata and S. silva using different cervid species as intermediate hosts. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2243-50. [PMID: 33945010 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Canids and scavenger birds were shown to act as definitive hosts of numerous Sarcocystis species using members of the Cervidae family as an intermediate host, whereas definitive hosts spreading closely related S. elongata, S. entzerothi, S. japonica, S. matsuoae, S. rangiferi, S. truncata, S. silva and S. tarandi remain unknown. In the current study, the intestine samples of 40 American minks (Neovison vison) were molecularly tested for the presence of the above-mentioned Sarcocystis spp. Species-specific PCR of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) fragments and subsequent sequencing revealed the presence of sporocysts/oocysts of five species, S. elongata (n=2), S. entzerothi (n=10), S. japonica (n=4), S. silva (n=13) and S. truncata (n=21) in the analysed samples. Sarcocystis infection was confirmed in 32/40 (80%) examined samples. In addition, half of the infected animals (50%) were infected with multiple Sarcocystis species suggesting that American minks had access to meat of different deer species, such as roe deer, red deer and sika deer. This causes concern about compliance of hunters and game processing companies with game waste management rules. Further research on the involvement of mustelids in the transmission of various Sarcocystis spp. from different geographical locations is needed.
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van den Berg M, Loonen MJJE, Çakırlar C. Judging a reindeer by its teeth: A user-friendly tooth wear and eruption pattern recording scheme to estimate age-at-death in reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus). Int J Osteoarchaeol 2021; 31:417-428. [PMID: 34220177 PMCID: PMC8248135 DOI: 10.1002/oa.2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) have shaped the cultures and provided livelihood to peoples of the Northern Hemisphere for thousands of years. They are still the socio-economic cornerstone of many northern cultures. Insight into reindeer mortality patterns is important for understanding past human-reindeer interactions and reindeer population fluctuations in relation to climatic and environmental change. Beyond archaeology, assessing the age structures of modern reindeer populations is important for developing wildlife management strategies. This paper presents a quick, non-destructive and cheap method to estimate age in reindeer in both modern and ancient populations based on tooth wear and eruption patterns of mandibular teeth. We devised the method using a large sample of Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) of known age. We blind-tested the method and tested its applicability on another known-age Svalbard reindeer mandible assemblage. The tests demonstrate our methods' user-friendliness and reliability to generate reproducible, reusable datasets and accuracy in estimating reindeer age-at-death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde van den Berg
- Groningen Institute of ArchaeologyUniversity of GroningenGroningenNetherlands
- Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Maarten J. J. E. Loonen
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, Arctic CentreUniversity of GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Canan Çakırlar
- Groningen Institute of ArchaeologyUniversity of GroningenGroningenNetherlands
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Díaz-Delgado J, Templeton A, Ferro PJ, Cirqueira C, Groch K, Gomez G, Buchanan A. Presumptive Primary Cerebral T-Cell Lymphoma in a White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). J Comp Pathol 2021; 184:77-83. [PMID: 33894883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas are rare in humans and even more uncommon in animals. We report the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical features of a presumptive primary cerebral T-cell lymphoma (PCTCL) in an aged female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) that had chronic progressive neurological disease characterized by ataxia, claudication and eventual circling. The animal was euthanized due to poor prognosis. Grossly, a 2.5 cm dark red, friable nodule effaced the cortical neuroparenchyma of the left anterior cingulate cortex (LACC). Microscopically, the meningeal vasculature and adjacent grey and white matter cortical neuroparenchyma of the LACC were infiltrated by a poorly demarcated, unencapsulated and densely cellular round cell neoplasm with a consistent angiocentric pattern. The neoplasm was associated with extensive regions of haemorrhage and liquefactive necrosis. Neoplastic cells immunolabelled for CD3 antigen and had high proliferative activity, as indicated by Ki-67 labelling. Based on the cytohistomorphological and immunohistochemical features and absence of metastasis, a diagnosis of PCTCL was determined. This case indicates that PCTCL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurological disease and intracranial, intra-axial CNS masses in deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Díaz-Delgado
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | - Alexis Templeton
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Pamela J Ferro
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Cinthya Cirqueira
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Patologia, Pacaembú, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia Groch
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriel Gomez
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA
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Vozdova M, Kubickova S, Martínková N, Galindo DJ, Bernegossi AM, Cernohorska H, Kadlcikova D, Musilová P, Duarte JM, Rubes J. Satellite DNA in Neotropical Deer Species. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010123. [PMID: 33478071 PMCID: PMC7835801 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The taxonomy and phylogenetics of Neotropical deer have been mostly based on morphological criteria and needs a critical revision on the basis of new molecular and cytogenetic markers. In this study, we used the variation in the sequence, copy number, and chromosome localization of satellite I-IV DNA to evaluate evolutionary relationships among eight Neotropical deer species. Using FISH with satI-IV probes derived from Mazama gouazoubira, we proved the presence of satellite DNA blocks in peri/centromeric regions of all analyzed deer. Satellite DNA was also detected in the interstitial chromosome regions of species of the genus Mazama with highly reduced chromosome numbers. In contrast to Blastocerus dichotomus, Ozotoceros bezoarticus, and Odocoileus virginianus, Mazama species showed high abundance of satIV DNA by FISH. The phylogenetic analysis of the satellite DNA showed close relationships between O. bezoarticus and B. dichotomus. Furthermore, the Neotropical and Nearctic populations of O. virginianus formed a single clade. However, the satellite DNA phylogeny did not allow resolving the relationships within the genus Mazama. The high abundance of the satellite DNA in centromeres probably contributes to the formation of chromosomal rearrangements, thus leading to a fast and ongoing speciation in this genus, which has not yet been reflected in the satellite DNA sequence diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miluse Vozdova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.); (H.C.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +4205-3333-1422
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.); (H.C.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Natália Martínková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kvetna 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - David Javier Galindo
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, Brazil; (D.J.G.); (A.M.B.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Agda Maria Bernegossi
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, Brazil; (D.J.G.); (A.M.B.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Halina Cernohorska
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.); (H.C.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Dita Kadlcikova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.); (H.C.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Petra Musilová
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.); (H.C.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Jose Mauricio Duarte
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, Brazil; (D.J.G.); (A.M.B.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Jiri Rubes
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology—Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.); (H.C.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.R.)
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Wyrobisz-Papiewska A, Kowal J, Łopieńska-Biernat E, Nosal P, Polak I, Paukszto Ł, Rehbein S. Morphometric and Molecular Analyses of Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 from Ruminants: Species Diversity or Host Influence? Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010182. [PMID: 33466738 PMCID: PMC7829921 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pathogenic nematode Ostertagia leptospicularis, as the sole member of the subfamily Ostertagiinae, occurs in both cervid and bovid host species. The broad host specificity of this parasite draws special attention and requires a more in-depth investigation. This study was carried out to find out whether the differences in the nematode morphology were only due to the host influence, or whether genetic differences should be taken into account. To resolve this issue, the classification of O. leptospicularis was raised and discussed based on its host specificity, as well as morphological and genetic characteristics. A combined morphological–molecular approach was used to compare specimens resembling O. leptospicularis collected from naturally infected hosts of various ruminant species (roe deer, red deer, fallow deer, and cattle). Both morphological and molecular analyses highlighted the distinctiveness of O. leptospicularis collected from cattle in Germany, and therefore should now be considered to be a different strain that those collected form cervids in central Europe. Abstract Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 was formally described in roe deer Capreolus capreolus and has been reported in a wide range of ruminants, including other Cervidae, as well as Bovidae. Nematode specimens derived from various host species exhibit morphological similarity; however, some differences can be observed. It is unclear if this is due to the differential reaction of one nematode species in different host species (i.e., host-induced changes) or because of distinct nematode species in these hosts (i.e., species complex). This paper focuses on specimens resembling O. leptospicularis f. leptospicularis and its closely related species (Ostertagia ostertagi f. ostertagi) collected from various hosts. Morphometric and molecular techniques were applied to assess host-induced changes in nematode morphology and to clarify its systematic classification. There was an overall effect of host species on measurements of nematodes resembling O. leptospicularis (both males and females), but the distinctiveness of the specimens from cattle Bos taurus were highlighted. The results obtained may suggest that the specimens of O. leptospicularis from cattle in Germany and cervids in central Europe belong to different strains. Furthermore, nematodes from the cervid strain appear to circulate within particular host species, which can be seen in the stated morphological variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wyrobisz-Papiewska
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza av. 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (J.K.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jerzy Kowal
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza av. 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (J.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.Ł.-B.); (I.P.)
| | - Paweł Nosal
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza av. 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (J.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Iwona Polak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.Ł.-B.); (I.P.)
| | - Łukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Steffen Rehbein
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8-12, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany;
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Watter K, Thomas E, White N, Finch N, Murray PJ. Reproductive seasonality and rate of increase of wild sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) in a new environment, Victoria, Australia. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 223:106630. [PMID: 33166829 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sambar (Rusa unicolor) are the most numerous and rapidly expanding of Australia's six introduced deer species, however, there is little information about the reproductive biology of sambar deer in their natural habitat. To better predict and manage wild sambar populations in Australia it is important to understand their reproductive seasonality and rate of population growth. From results of the present study, there is reporting of field estimates of age at first breeding, reproductive lifespan, juvenile survival, adult bodyweights and fecundity to derive estimates of the current and intrinsic rates of increase for sambar in Victoria, Australia. Mean age of first reproduction was estimated to be 1.8 years, approximately 80 % of hinds calved between April and August, juvenile survival was estimated as 0.81 and age of last reproduction 12.75 years. Seasonality of reproduction is apparently compressed at 36° latitude compared to sambar at the equator indicating a response to photoperiod. Demographic data were used to estimate the current rate of growth of the Victorian population using the two stage Lotke-Euler equation and age-specific schedules of survival and fecundity in a lifetable. These estimates of r were 0.21 and 0.14, respectively, inferring annual rates of population increase of 24 % and 15 %. These data are in the context of a population which, even though there is a marked harvesting, is reportedly growing and dispersing northwards. Suggestions for how this information can inform management decisions directed at the conservation for sustainable use and/or population reduction in Australia are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Watter
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, 4343, Australia
| | - E Thomas
- Parks Victoria, Mt Beauty, Victoria, 3699, Australia
| | - N White
- The University of Queensland, QAAFI, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia
| | - N Finch
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, 4343, Australia
| | - P J Murray
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, 4343, Australia.
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Cunha DMDS, de Souza MB, Brito BF, Silva HVR, Ribeiro LR, Xavier Júnior FAF, Evangelista JSAM, Pereira LMC, Teixeira DÍA. Characterization of seminal parameters, sperm morphometry, micromorphology, and ultrastructure in gray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira, Fischer, 1814). Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:313-325. [PMID: 32959457 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Populations of gray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) are declining; yet, knowledge on the reproductive biology of this species remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to describe morphology, viability, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, morphometry, micromorphology, and ultrastructure of the gray brocket deer sperm. Three adult male gray brocket deer were used in the study. Semen collection was performed using electroejaculation. Semen were analyzed by evaluating pH, motilities, vigor, mass movement, volume, concentration, viability, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, morphology, and morphometry. Micromorphology and ultrastructure of sperm were analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), respectively. There was no significant difference among males regarding on pH, motilities, vigor, mass movement, volume, concentration, viability. High values for membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, and normal sperm were observed. The most frequent defects were simple bent tail and bowed midpiece. The head length, and width, midpiece, and tail length were 8.5, 4.4, 11.5, and 41.3 μm, respectively. SEM sperm showed paddle-shaped heads, with apical ridge and serrated band on the equatorial segment. TEM revealed the nucleus, acrosome, plasma membrane, mitochondria sheath, proximal centrioles, segmented columns, axoneme, outer dense fibers, and fibrous sheath. SEM and TEM showed the presence of some abnormalities. These results are expected to provide baseline values of diverse semen parameters, contributing toward the development of reproductive biotechnologies for gray brocket deer and, other deer species at risk of extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruna Farias Brito
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ceara State University, Fortaleza, Brazil
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29
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Roh IS, Kim YC, Kim HJ, Won SY, Jeong MJ, Kang HE, Sohn HJ, Jeong BH. Identification of the prion-related protein gene (PRNT) sequences in various species of the Cervidae family. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6155-64. [PMID: 32737828 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is caused by abnormal deleterious prion protein (PrPSc), and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy occurs in the Cervidae family. In recent studies, the susceptibility of prion disease has been affected by polymorphisms of the prion gene family. However, the study of the prion-related protein gene (PRNT) is rare, and the DNA sequence of this gene was not fully reported in all Cervidae families. In the present study, we amplified and first identified PRNT DNA sequences in the Cervidae family, including red deer, elk, sika deer and Korean water deer, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We aligned nucleotide sequences of the PRNT gene and the amino acid sequences of prion-related protein (Prt) protein among several species. In addition, we performed phylogenetic analysis to measure the evolutionary relationships of the PRNT gene in the Cervidae family. Furthermore, we performed homology modeling of the Prt protein using SWISS-MODEL and compared the structure of Prt protein between sheep and the Cervidae family using the Swiss-PdbViewer program. We obtained much longer PRNT sequences of red deer compared to the PRNT gene sequence registered in GenBank. Korean water deer denoted more close evolutionary distances with goats and cattle than the Cervidae family. We found 6 Cervidae family-specific amino acids by the alignment of Prt amino acid sequences. There are significantly different distributions of hydrogen bonds and the atomic distance of the N-terminal tail and C-terminal tail between sheep and the Cervidae family. We also detected the mRNA expression of PRNT gene in 3 tissues investigated. To our knowledge, this report is the first genetic study of the PRNT gene in the Cervidae family.
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Kim HJ, Hwang JY, Park KJ, Park HC, Kang HE, Park J, Sohn HJ. The complete mitochondrial genome of Cervus canadensis (Erxleben, 1777), as a model species of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:2621-2623. [PMID: 33457884 PMCID: PMC7782213 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1780983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervus canadensis (Erxleben, 1777) has been used as a model species of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD). We completed the mitochondrial genome of C. canadensis, susceptible to the CWD. Its length is 16,428 bp, identical to the previous mitochondrial genome of C. canadensis nannodes, and 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, two rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs) were identified. It may reflect the extreme decrease of tule elk population in 1870s and CWD is not related to genetic elements on mitochondrial genome. Phylogenetic trees show that our mitochondrial genome is clustered with the previously sequenced mitochondrial genome of C. canadensis nannodes .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Kim
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), OIE Reference Laboratory for CWD, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Hwang
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), OIE Reference Laboratory for CWD, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Je Park
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), OIE Reference Laboratory for CWD, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Hoo-Chang Park
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), OIE Reference Laboratory for CWD, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Hae-Eun Kang
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), OIE Reference Laboratory for CWD, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- InfoBoss Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- InfoBoss Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Sohn
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), OIE Reference Laboratory for CWD, Gimcheon, Korea
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Garcia HA, Blanco PA, Rodrigues AC, Rodrigues CMF, Takata CSA, Campaner M, Camargo EP, Teixeira MMG. Pan-American Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) trinaperronei n. sp. in the white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann and its deer ked Lipoptena mazamae Rondani, 1878: morphological, developmental and phylogeographical characterisation. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:308. [PMID: 32532317 PMCID: PMC7291487 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The subgenus Megatrypanum Hoare, 1964 of Trypanosoma Gruby, 1843 comprises trypanosomes of cervids and bovids from around the world. Here, the white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann) and its ectoparasite, the deer ked Lipoptena mazamae Rondani, 1878 (hippoboscid fly), were surveyed for trypanosomes in Venezuela. Results Haemoculturing unveiled 20% infected WTD, while 47% (7/15) of blood samples and 38% (11/29) of ked guts tested positive for the Megatrypanum-specific TthCATL-PCR. CATL and SSU rRNA sequences uncovered a single species of trypanosome. Phylogeny based on SSU rRNA and gGAPDH sequences tightly cluster WTD trypanosomes from Venezuela and the USA, which were strongly supported as geographical variants of the herein described Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) trinaperronei n. sp. In our analyses, the new species was closest to Trypanosoma sp. D30 from fallow deer (Germany), both nested into TthII alongside other trypanosomes from cervids (North American elk and European fallow, red and sika deer), and bovids (cattle, antelopes and sheep). Insights into the life-cycle of T. trinaperronei n. sp. were obtained from early haemocultures of deer blood and co-culture with mammalian and insect cells showing flagellates resembling Megatrypanum trypanosomes previously reported in deer blood, and deer ked guts. For the first time, a trypanosome from a cervid was cultured and phylogenetically and morphologically (light and electron microscopy) characterised. Conclusions In the analyses based on SSU rRNA, gGAPDH, CATL and ITS rDNA sequences, neither cervids nor bovids trypanosomes were monophyletic but intertwined within TthI and TthII major phylogenetic lineages. One host species can harbour more than one species/genotype of trypanosome, but each trypanosome species/genotype was found in a single host species or in phylogenetically closely related hosts. Molecular evidence that L. mazamae may transmit T. trinaperronei n. sp. suggests important evolutionary constraints making tight the tripartite T. trinaperronei-WTD-deer ked association. In a plausible evolutionary scenario, T. trinaperronei n. sp. entered South America with North American white-tailed deer at the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary following the closure of the Panama Isthmus.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Herakles A Garcia
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Central University of Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela.
| | - Pilar A Blanco
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Central University of Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela.,Fundación Esfera, Harpy Eagle Conservation Program in Venezuela, El Palmar, Bolívar, Venezuela.,Earthmatters, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adriana C Rodrigues
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla M F Rodrigues
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT-EpiAmo, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Carmen S A Takata
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta Campaner
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erney P Camargo
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT-EpiAmo, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Marta M G Teixeira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT-EpiAmo, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
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Kim HJ, Hwang JY, Park KJ, Park HC, Kang HE, Park J, Sohn HJ. The first complete mitogenome of Cervus canadensis nannodes (Merriam, 1905). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:2294-2296. [PMID: 33457766 PMCID: PMC7782940 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1772689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cervus canadensis nannodes (Merriam, 1905) is one of the subspecies of elk distributed only in California, USA. We completed the first mitogenome of C. canadensis nannodes. Its length is 16,428 bp, which is in middle among 24 available Cervus mitogenomes. It contains 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs). Phylogenetic trees show that C. c. nannodes was clustered with some subspecies of C. elaphus. Number of inter-subspecific variations between C. c. nannodes and C. e. alxaicus are relatively small in comparison to intraspecific variations of insect and fish mitogenomes and plant chloroplast genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Kim
- OIE Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbukdo, Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Hwang
- OIE Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbukdo, Korea
| | - Kyung-Je Park
- OIE Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbukdo, Korea
| | - Hoo-Chang Park
- OIE Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbukdo, Korea
| | - Hae-Eun Kang
- OIE Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbukdo, Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- InfoBoss Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Sohn
- OIE Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbukdo, Korea
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Duscher GG, Battisti E, Hodžić A, Wäber K, Steinbach P, Stubbe M, Heddergott M. First detection and molecular identification of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in an introduced population of Reeve's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) in United Kingdom. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 52:101582. [PMID: 32334005 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated blood samples of 196 invasive Reeve's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) and 91 native roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) originating from the same area in Thetford Forest in Eastern England for the occurrence of blood pathogens such as Anaplasmatacae, Rickettsiales and Piroplasmida (Babesia spp., Theileria spp.) by using PCR. Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp. and Theileria spp. were not detected. Only two male (1%) Reeve's muntjacs and six (6.6%) roe deer were positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum with 100% identity among their sequences. However, it is not clear whether Reeve's muntjac is less susceptible to infection, less susceptible to infestation by I. ricinus, or an infection in Reeve's muntjac is more lethal and therefore less positive animals are taken during hunting events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg G Duscher
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Moedling, Austria.
| | - Elena Battisti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Adnan Hodžić
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Wäber
- Forestry Commission, East England, Santon Downham, Brandon, UK
| | - Peter Steinbach
- University of Göttingen, Faculty of Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany; Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Stubbe
- Institute of Biology, Department of Zoology/Molecular Ecology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Escobar LE, Pritzkow S, Winter SN, Grear DA, Kirchgessner MS, Dominguez-Villegas E, Machado G, Peterson AT, Soto C. The ecology of chronic wasting disease in wildlife. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:393-408. [PMID: 31750623 PMCID: PMC7085120 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prions are misfolded infectious proteins responsible for a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases termed transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or prion diseases. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is the prion disease with the highest spillover potential, affecting at least seven Cervidae (deer) species. The zoonotic potential of CWD is inconclusive and cannot be ruled out. A risk of infection for other domestic and wildlife species is also plausible. Here, we review the current status of the knowledge with respect to CWD ecology in wildlife. Our current understanding of the geographic distribution of CWD lacks spatial and temporal detail, does not consider the biogeography of infectious diseases, and is largely biased by sampling based on hunters' cooperation and funding available for each region. Limitations of the methods used for data collection suggest that the extent and prevalence of CWD in wildlife is underestimated. If the zoonotic potential of CWD is confirmed in the short term, as suggested by recent results obtained in experimental animal models, there will be limited accurate epidemiological data to inform public health. Research gaps in CWD prion ecology include the need to identify specific biological characteristics of potential CWD reservoir species that better explain susceptibility to spillover, landscape and climate configurations that are suitable for CWD transmission, and the magnitude of sampling bias in our current understanding of CWD distribution and risk. Addressing these research gaps will help anticipate novel areas and species where CWD spillover is expected, which will inform control strategies. From an ecological perspective, control strategies could include assessing restoration of natural predators of CWD reservoirs, ultrasensitive CWD detection in biotic and abiotic reservoirs, and deer density and landscape modification to reduce CWD spread and prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E. Escobar
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, U.S.A
| | - Sandra Pritzkow
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| | - Steven N. Winter
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, U.S.A
| | - Daniel A. Grear
- US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI, 59711, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Gustavo Machado
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, U.S.A
| | - A. Townsend Peterson
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, U.S.A
| | - Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
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Pascual-Rico R, Martín-López B, Sánchez-Zapata JA, Morales-Reyes Z. Scientific priorities and shepherds' perceptions of ungulate's contributions to people in rewilding landscapes. Sci Total Environ 2020; 705:135876. [PMID: 31837862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nature's contributions to people (NCP) are all the contributions of living nature, both beneficial and detrimental, to the societies' life's quality. Ungulates play this dual role of providers of beneficial and detrimental NCP, as they are responsible of the supply of benefits (e.g. extractive experiences, habitat maintenance) and detriments (e.g. crops damage, traffic collisions). Our aim was to analyze the NCP provided by wild ungulates through examining the scientific priorities and the shepherds' perceptions in peninsular Spain. We reviewed scientific articles of NCP provided by ungulates in Spain and conducted questionnaires regarding NCP to shepherds in farming systems where domestic and wild ungulates cohabit. Then, we compared whether the scientific priorities match with those perceived by shepherds. Both stakeholders highlight more detrimental than beneficial NCP, although there are some mismatches between scientific priorities and shepherds' perceptions. Regarding detrimental NCP, soil alteration, silvicultural damage, human safety or traffic collision were included in scientific literature but not mentioned by shepherds. Contrarywise, shepherds mainly considered grazing competence and damage to animals (i.e. game species and livestock) as important detrimental NCP. Concerning beneficial NCP, whilst hunting was prominent in the publications, shepherds did not conceived it as an important beneficial contribution and considered the regulation of organisms (i.e. scavenging alternative prey) important benefits. These results can have twofold implications. The emphasis on detrimental NCP (studied and perceived) can reinforce the idea that ungulates can threaten humans rather than contribute to societies' wellbeing. The fact that research does not address the interests of shepherds can affect the social tolerance towards ungulates as the damages experienced or perceived by shepherds are not studied. Our results show the relevance of considering local knowledge held by shepherds and their perceptions, something highlighted by the NCP approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pascual-Rico
- Department of Applied Biology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Av. De la Universidad S/N, 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Berta Martín-López
- Faculty of Sustainability, Institute of Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata
- Department of Applied Biology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Av. De la Universidad S/N, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Zebensui Morales-Reyes
- Department of Applied Biology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Av. De la Universidad S/N, 03202 Elche, Spain
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Abstract
We determined the whole mtDNA genome of the water deer (Hydropotes inermis) in Benxi, Liaoning. The total length of the complete mitochondrial genome is 16,355 bp and it consists of 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, rRNA genes, and 1 control region (CR). Two overlaps among the 13 protein-coding genes were found: ND4L/ND4 and ND5/ND6. The CR is 928 bp in length. The nucleotide composition is 30.52% A, % 33.38 T, 22.77% G, and 13.32% C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhi Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuhui Mi
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Forestry Development and Service Center of Benxi, Benxi, China
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin, China
| | - Liwei Teng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin, China
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37
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Barbušinová E, Iglódyová A, Čurlík J, Lazar P, Mravcová K, Štrkolcová G, Mucha R, Karolová R. First molecular detection of Onchocerca flexuosa (Wedl, 1856) in red deer in Slovakia. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:985-90. [PMID: 31953565 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present paper deals with the post-mortem diagnostics of onchocerciasis and the molecular detection of causative agents of this disease in wild ruminant ungulates (Cervus elaphus, Dama dama and Capreolus capreolus). The animals were shot in hunting seasons 2017 and 2018, in two regions of the Eastern Slovakia. The total number of examined skins was fifty-eight. The presence of subcutaneous nodules was confirmed in 27.59% (95% CI 16-39) of animals. All positive skins belonged to red deer individuals (47.06%; 95% CI 30-64). The nodules were present mainly in the back area and in the lumbar area, and their sizes ranged from 2.9 to 24.1 mm, with the average count of 10 nodules per animal. Thirteen worms, isolated from the nodules collected from 13 animals, were subjected to molecular identification. Applying the standard PCR method, targeting the mitochondrial 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and NADH-dehydrogenase gene, and subsequent sequencing, all the worms were identified as Onchocerca flexuosa Wedl, 1856. The sequences were submitted to GenBank under specific accession numbers. Two samples were identified as Onchocerca flexuosa haplotype B, in which T176A and A177T were present. Despite the presence of mutations in the 12S rRNA of the Onchocerca flexuosa, the standardized PCR remains to be a very specific and sensitive method that uses this fragment as a selectable marker for the detection of the studied parasite.
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Ba H, Qin T, Cai Z, Liu W, Li C. Molecular evidence for adaptive evolution of olfactory-related genes in cervids. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:355-360. [PMID: 31902105 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervids have evolved very successful means for survival and thriving to adapt to various climates and environments. One of these successful means might be the effective and efficient way of communication. To support this notion, cervids are well equipped with a variety of skin glands that distribute in different body regions. However, studies relevant to adaptive evolution in cervids, particularly on olfactory reception at the molecular level, have thus far not been reported. OBJECTIVE To provide valuable insights into molecular evidence for the adaptive evolution of olfactory-related gene in cervids. METHODS Based on recently sequenced genomes of cervids and closely-related-species, we performed comparative genomic analysis at genome level using bioinformatics tools. RESULTS Tree topology strongly supported that Bovidae was the sister group of Moschidae and both formed a branch that was then clustered with Cervidae. Expansion of heavy chain genes of the dynein family and 51 rapidly evolving genes could be associated with adaptation of cilia that serve as sensory organelles and act as cellular antennae. Based on the branch-site model test along the deer branch spanning 7-21 mammalian species, 14 deer olfactory receptor genes were found to be undergoing positive selection pressure and 89 positive selection sites (probability > 60%) had amino acid substitutions unique to deer. CONCLUSION This study, for the first time, provides significant molecular evidence for adaption of olfactory-related genes of cervids according to their olfactory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxing Ba
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Wild Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China.
| | - Tao Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Wild Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Zexi Cai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Wild Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Wild Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China.
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Cauvin A, Dinh ETN, Orange JP, Shuman RM, Blackburn JK, Wisely SM. Antibodies to Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) in Farmed and Wild Florida White-Tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus). J Wildl Dis 2020; 56:208-213. [PMID: 31298969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of multiple serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) between farmed and free-ranging wildlife is of interest to livestock industries and natural resource agencies. We compared the seroprevalence of EHDV-1, -2, and -6 in wild and farmed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herds in Florida, US. We compared serological prevalence, circulating serotypes, antibody titers, and viremia with the use of 171 whole-blood samples from 150 unvaccinated white-tailed deer from farm pens, a farm preserve, and wild deer on adjacent public lands between March 2016 and May 2017. Despite aggressive chemical vector control on the farm, we found higher seroprevalence and titers against the predominant EHDV serotype in farmed deer (in pens and the preserve) than in wild deer. The higher exposure to EHDV of farmed vs. wild deer may have been because of the higher densities of farmed vs. wild deer, the presence of exotic amplifying hosts such as elk (Cervus canadensis) in the preserve, or genetic factors that predisposed farmed deer to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Cauvin
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Emily T N Dinh
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, 3141 Turlington Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, 2055 Mowry Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Jeremy P Orange
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, 3141 Turlington Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, 2055 Mowry Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Rebecca M Shuman
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 1105 SW Williston Road, Gainesville, Florida 32601, USA
| | - Jason K Blackburn
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, 3141 Turlington Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, 2055 Mowry Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Samantha M Wisely
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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French AS, Zadoks RN, Skuce PJ, Mitchell G, Gordon-Gibbs DK, Taggart MA. Habitat and host factors associated with liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) diagnoses in wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the Scottish Highlands. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:535. [PMID: 31718680 PMCID: PMC6852960 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red deer (Cervus elaphus) are a common wild definitive host for liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) that have been the subject of limited diagnostic surveillance. This study aimed to explore the extent to which coprological diagnoses for F. hepatica in red deer in the Scottish Highlands, Scotland, are associated with variability among hosts and habitats. METHODS Our analyses were based on coproantigen ELISA diagnoses derived from faecal samples that were collected from carcasses of culled deer on nine hunting estates during two sampling seasons. Sampling locations were used as centroids about which circular home ranges were quantified. Data were stratified by season, and associations between host, hydrological, land cover and meteorological variables and binary diagnoses during 2013-2014 (n = 390) were explored by mixed effect logistic regression. The ability of our model to predict diagnoses relative to that which would be expected by chance was quantified, and data collected during 2012-2013 (n = 289) were used to assess model transferability. RESULTS During 2013-2014, habitat and host characteristics explained 28% of variation in diagnoses, whereby half of the explained variation was attributed to differences among estates. The probability of a positive diagnosis was positively associated with the length of streams in the immediate surroundings of each sampling location, but no non-zero relationships were found for land cover or lifetime average weather variables. Regardless of habitat, the probability of a positive diagnosis remained greatest for males, although males were always sampled earlier in the year than females. A slight decrease in prediction efficacy occurred when our model was used to predict diagnoses for out-of-sample data. CONCLUSIONS We are cautious to extrapolate our findings geographically, owing to a large proportion of variation attributable to overarching differences among estates. Nevertheless, the temporal transferability of our model is encouraging. While we did not identify any non-zero relationship between meteorological variables and probability of diagnosis, we attribute this (in part) to limitations of interpolated meteorological data. Further study into non-independent diagnoses within estates and differences among estates in terms of deer management, would improve our understanding of F. hepatica prevalence in wild deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S French
- Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, KW14 7JD, UK. .,Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co. Mayo, Ireland.
| | - Ruth N Zadoks
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.,Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK.,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Philip J Skuce
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Gillian Mitchell
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | | | - Mark A Taggart
- Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, KW14 7JD, UK
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Mayor P, Habner de Souza Pereira T, Andrade RDSD, González-Benavent E, Barros Monteiro FO, Bodmer R, Valsecchi J, El Bizri HR. Embryonic and fetal development of the red brocket deer (Mazama americana). Theriogenology 2019; 134:53-64. [PMID: 31132721 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The red brocket deer (Mazama americana), a medium-sized Neotropical ungulate, is one of the most hunted mammals in the Amazon. This study analyzes the intrauterine development in the red brocket deer through the description of the external and internal morphology in one embryo and 38 fetuses collected from animals hunted for subsistence in the Amazon. The chronological order of occurrence of external characteristics in relation to the total dorsal length (TDL) was: differentiated genitalia, limbs and eyelid buds (TDL = 3.9 cm), fusioned eyelids, outer ear and hooves (TDL ≥ 9.5 cm), skin (TDL ≥ 20.4 cm), tactile pelage and nasal pigmentation (TDL ≥ 21.5 cm), covering pelage and skin spots (TDL ≥ 31.3 cm), and teeth eruption and opened eyelids (TDL ≥ 34.2 cm). The formula of fetal age was ∛W = 0.072 (t - 42), with a high linear relationship between TDL and gestational age. Multiple linear and non-linear regressions showed strong positive associations between biometric measures and absolute visceral weights with TDL. The relative weight of the tubular gastrointestinal organs, spleen and thymus increased during the fetal development; in contrast, the liver and kidneys' relative weight diminished during the fetal development. Advanced fetuses (≥44.0 cm TDL) had lower proportion of liver and larger tubular gastrointestinal organs within the visceral weight than adults. The chronology of appearance of the main events of the fetal development suggests that the red brocket deer adopt some precocial features, such as the early development of the sensorial function, including the early development of eyelids, outer ear and tactile pelage, the early development of the covering pelage which acts in thermoregulation and the early teeth eruption which allows the early foraging. Nevertheless, the precocial level of the red brocket deer is apparently lower than other species more frequently predated by large felids, such as peccaries and the paca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mayor
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Barcelona, Spain; Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru; ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Thyago Habner de Souza Pereira
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dos Santos de Andrade
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Elena González-Benavent
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Richard Bodmer
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru; ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - João Valsecchi
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Hani Rocha El Bizri
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil; School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, M15 6BH, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Verocai GG, Nelson KJ, Callahan RT, Wekesa JW, Hassan HK, Hoberg EP. A cryptic species of Onchocerca (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in blackflies (Simulium spp.) from southern California, USA. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:547. [PMID: 30326946 PMCID: PMC6192150 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Entomological surveillance for pathogens based on molecular screening of putative arthropod vectors such as blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) is becoming increasingly important. Surveillance provides a means to understand host and geographical patterns of underestimated biodiversity among North American species of Onchocerca and a pathway to identify and track expanding emergence of the zoonotic Onchocerca lupi. Herein, we have screened two blackfly species, Simulium tescorum and Simulium vittatum (s.l.), from Los Angeles County, southern California, USA for DNA of filarioid nematodes to better understand species richness and limits within the genus Onchocerca. Methods A total of 1056 and 378 female blackflies was collected using CO2-baited mosquito traps from March to November of 2015 and 2016, respectively. All blackflies during 2015 were individually processed for DNA extraction and PCR targeting of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Specimens of S. tescorum collected in 2016 were processed individually with heads and bodies extracted separately, whereas those of S. vittatum (s.l.) were processed in pooled samples with heads and bodies extracted separately. A subset of filarioid-positive samples from 2015 and all samples from 2016 were screened using a PCR targeting the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5) gene (mtDNA). Results In 2015, 356 S. tescorum (33.7%) and 683 S. vittatum (s.l.) (64.7%) were collected, and an additional 17 specimens were not assessed morphologically. In 2016, a total of 378 blackflies was collected. Of these, 43 (11.6%) were S. tescorum and 327 (88.4%) were S. vittatum (s.l.), and an additional 8 specimens were not assessed morphologically. In 2015, Onchocerca sequences were detected in 4.8% (n = 17) of S. tescorum samples, and only one S. vittatum (0.15%). In 2016, only a single S. vittatum pool was positive for the same cryptic Onchocerca species. In phylogenetic comparisons based on nad5, the Onchocerca sequences from California formed a clade with those isolates in white-tailed deer from upstate New York, suggesting these belong to a single widespread cryptic species. Conclusions An uncharacterized species of Onchocerca associated with cervid hosts was found in blackflies from southern California. Sequence data demonstrated it is likely conspecific with an unnamed species of Onchocerca previously found in white-tailed deer from upstate New York. Current data support recognition of a broad geographical distribution across North America for an apparently cryptic species of Onchocerca that is discrete from O. cervipedis, considered to be a typical filarioid among cervids. Our data suggest that this cryptic species of Onchocerca may infect subspecies of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and mule and black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus) at temporal latitudes. The blackflies Simulium tescorum and S. vittatum (s.l.) (presumably, S. tribulatum) are putative vectors. Discovery of a cryptic complex indicates that species diversity and putative associations for definitive hosts and vectors of Onchocerca species in North America must be reassessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme G Verocai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA. .,Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Kimberly J Nelson
- San Gabriel Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, 1145 N. Azusa Canyon Rd, West Covina, CA, 91790, USA
| | - R Trey Callahan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Joseph Wakoli Wekesa
- Coachella Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, 43420 Trader Place, Indio, CA, 92201, USA
| | - Hassan K Hassan
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Eric P Hoberg
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Kurucz K, Kiss V, Zana B, Jakab F, Kemenesi G. Filarial nematode (order: Spirurida) surveillance in urban habitats, in the city of Pécs (Hungary). Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3355-3360. [PMID: 30196322 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As part of the seasonal mosquito control activities in the city of Pécs (Baranya County, Hungary), a total of 1123 adult female mosquitoes belonging to 18 species (including the invasive species Aedes koreicus) were collected from human-inhabited areas, using CO2-baited traps, during two consecutive years. To survey the presence and prevalence of filarial parasites in these mosquitoes, we performed a molecular survey for filarial DNA, attempted by PCR using generic primers (COI), and followed by DNA sequencing. Filaroid nematode DNA was detected in 4% of investigated mosquito pools. Out of 410 pools, 9 pools of mosquitoes were positive for Dirofilaria repens (Aedes vexans, Aedes koreicus, Coquillettidia richiardii), and/or Dirofilaria immitis (Ae. vexans, Cq. richiardii), and further 8 pools were positive for Setaria tundra (Ae. vexans, Cq. richiardii). Our study provides novel insight for prevalence of filaroid nematodes in mosquitoes occurring in close proximity to humans, thereby highlights the possible human and veterinary health importance of these mosquito species, including the recently introduced invasive mosquito Ae. koreicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Kurucz
- Virological Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Vivien Kiss
- Virological Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Zana
- Virological Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jakab
- Virological Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kemenesi
- Virological Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
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Wyrobisz-Papiewska A, Kowal J, Nosal P, Chovancová G, Rehbein S. Host specificity and species diversity of the Ostertagiinae Lopez-Neyra, 1947 in ruminants: a European perspective. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:369. [PMID: 29954435 PMCID: PMC6022717 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nematodes of the subfamily Ostertagiinae appear to be rather specific to a species or family of hosts, but some are observed in a wide variety of hosts. The nematode Ostertagia leptospicularis draws special attention due to its presence or absence among the same host species in different European countries. Therefore, this paper focuses mainly on the host specificity among nematodes of the subfamily Ostertagiinae. The second aim of this study is to assess the possibility of treating O. leptospicularis as an Ostertagia species complex. Methods Data were gathered from post-mortem examinations of domestic and wild ruminants (n = 157), as well as bibliographical references (n = 96), which were pooled and discussed. The research area was limited to European countries, hence the studied ostertagiine species are limited to native ones; likewise, the host species. Special emphasis was placed on the mean abundance values that allowed a typical host or hosts for each nematode species to be specified. Correspondence analysis was performed to confirm the stated host specificity. Results The analysis revealed that nematodes of this subfamily tend to use ruminants from a particular subfamily as their principal host. The results indicate that Ostertagia leptospicularis, similar to Teladorsagia circumcincta, may represent a potential species complex. This nematode, as the sole member of the subfamily Ostertagiinae, occurs in almost all representatives of the Bovidae subfamily, as well as in the Cervidae. Conclusions Despite the stated narrow host specificity, the results obtained may suggest that O. leptospicularis is not strongly connected to any host or is comparably associated with a very wide and diverse group of hosts (Cervidae, Bovidae). The Ostertagia complex may have particular cryptic species or strains typical for any individual host or group of hosts. Such a conclusion requires further investigations on a wider scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wyrobisz-Papiewska
- Department of Environmental Zoology, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza av. 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kowal
- Department of Environmental Zoology, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza av. 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Paweł Nosal
- Department of Environmental Zoology, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza av. 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Chovancová
- Research Station and Museum of the Tatra National Park, 059 60, Tatranská Lomnica, Slovakia
| | - Steffen Rehbein
- Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8-12, 83101, Rohrdorf, Germany
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Mathieu A, Flint M, Stent PM, Schwantje HM, Wittum TE. Comparative health assessment of urban and non-urban free-ranging mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus) in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4968. [PMID: 29942678 PMCID: PMC6015483 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The provincial wildlife management agency, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, performed a translocation to control the urban mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus; uMD) overpopulation and supplement the declining non-urban mule deer (nuMD) population in the Kootenay region, British Columbia, Canada. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to evaluate the health of the urban and nuMD populations by comparing pathogen exposure, body condition scores (BCS) and pregnancy rates, to characterize the health risks associated with the translocation and to investigate the role of infectious diseases in the decline of the nuMD deer population. Methods Two hundred free-ranging mule deer were captured in urban and non-urban environments in the Kootenay region from 2014 to 2017. BCS and morphometric examinations were performed for each deer. Blood samples collected from each deer were tested for exposure to selected pathogens and pregnancy status. Results Body condition scores averaged 3.4 on a five-point scale, was greater in nuMD, and significantly differed between years. Antibodies were detected for adenovirus hemorrhagic disease virus (38.4% (uMD 43.7%, nuMD 33.3%)), bluetongue virus (0.6% (uMD 1.2%, nuMD 0%)), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (8.4% (uMD 4.6%, nuMD 12.1%)), bovine viral diarrhea virus (1.1% (uMD 0%, nuMD 2.2%)), bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (27.0% (uMD 27.6%, nuMD 26.4%)), Neospora caninum (22.1% (uMD 24.4%, nuMD 19.7%)) and Toxoplasma gondii (8.2% (uMD 12.3%, nuMD 3.9%)). No antibodies against epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus were detected. Pregnancy rates did not differ between the two deer populations (90.7% (uMD 90.6%, nuMD 90.9%)). Exposure to N. caninum was associated with a reduced probability of being pregnant. uMD were more likely to be exposed to T. gondii than nuMD. Discussion Comparison of BCS, pregnancy rates and pathogen exposure of uMD and nuMD showed that the health of the two populations did not significantly differ, suggesting uMD translocations do not pose a severe risk of pathogen transmission between mule deer populations and that these selected pathogens do not factor in the decline of the nuMD population. However, inclusion of additional health indicators and creation of a robust predictive disease model are warranted to further characterize the health of mule deer and the health risks associated with uMD translocations. These results should be considered as part of a formal risk assessment for future uMD translocations in southeastern British Columbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Mathieu
- The Wilds, Cumberland, OH, USA.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark Flint
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Patrick M Stent
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Helen M Schwantje
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thomas E Wittum
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Kudrnáčová E, Bartoň L, Bureš D, Hoffman LC. Carcass and meat characteristics from farm-raised and wild fallow deer (Dama dama) and red deer (Cervus elaphus): A review. Meat Sci 2018; 141:9-27. [PMID: 29558697 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deer species are utilised for food, hunting and other products throughout the world. Consumers are typically exposed to venison derived predominantly from both farm-raised or wild fallow (Dama dama) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). The production of venison under farm conditions, compared to the meat of deer hunted in the wild, allows for a regular supply of a consistently good meat. It is lean, tasty, and rich in proteins and minerals, with a low content of fat and cholesterol. Overall, the worldwide demand for meat is still growing, and both the potential of farming deer species and their use as meat producers have led to an increased interest in venison. The current knowledge about various factors (e.g. nutrition, age, sex, condition, season) affecting venison and game meat has significantly increased during past decades but information regarding the interaction between production system or pre- and post-slaughter handling and ultimate deer meat quality are still very limited.
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Martins RF, Schmidt A, Lenz D, Wilting A, Fickel J. Human-mediated introduction of introgressed deer across Wallace's line: Historical biogeography of Rusa unicolor and R. timorensis. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1465-1479. [PMID: 29435225 PMCID: PMC5792523 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we compared the phylogeographic patterns of two Rusa species, Rusa unicolor and Rusa timorensis, in order to understand what drove and maintained differentiation between these two geographically and genetically close species and investigated the route of introduction of individuals to the islands outside of the Sunda Shelf. We analyzed full mitogenomes from 56 archival samples from the distribution areas of the two species and 18 microsatellite loci in a subset of 16 individuals to generate the phylogeographic patterns of both species. Bayesian inference with fossil calibration was used to estimate the age of each species and major divergence events. Our results indicated that the split between the two species took place during the Pleistocene, ~1.8 Mya, possibly driven by adaptations of R. timorensis to the drier climate found on Java compared to the other islands of Sundaland. Although both markers identified two well-differentiated clades, there was a largely discrepant pattern between mitochondrial and nuclear markers. While nDNA separated the individuals into the two species, largely in agreement with their museum label, mtDNA revealed that all R. timorensis sampled to the east of the Sunda shelf carried haplotypes from R. unicolor and one Rusa unicolor from South Sumatra carried a R. timorensis haplotype. Our results show that hybridization occurred between these two sister species in Sundaland during the Late Pleistocene and resulted in human-mediated introduction of hybrid descendants in all islands outside Sundaland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata F. Martins
- Department of Evolutionary GeneticsLeibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife ResearchBerlinGermany
| | - Anke Schmidt
- Department of Evolutionary GeneticsLeibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife ResearchBerlinGermany
| | - Dorina Lenz
- Department of Evolutionary GeneticsLeibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife ResearchBerlinGermany
| | - Andreas Wilting
- Department of Evolutionary GeneticsLeibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife ResearchBerlinGermany
| | - Joerns Fickel
- Department of Evolutionary GeneticsLeibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife ResearchBerlinGermany
- Institute for Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
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Demiaszkiewicz AW, Merta D, Kobielski J, Filip KJ, Pyziel AM. Expansion of Ashworthius sidemi in red deer and roe deer from the Lower Silesian Wilderness and its impact on infection with other gastrointestinal nematodes. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:853-857. [PMID: 29035860 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nematodes Ashworthius sidemi are typical parasites of Asiatic cervids, mostly sika deer (Cervus nippon). Migrating red deer have probably introduced this parasite to the area of Poland from neighbouring countries. The aim of the study was to determine prevalence and intensity of infection of red deer and roe deer from the Lower Silesian Wilderness with A. sidemi after one year from previous studies and to examine the influence of these parasites on other species of gastrointestinal nematodes. 31 abomasa of red deer and 3 abomasa of roe deer from Forest Dictrict of Ruszów have been examined on the presence of parasites. In comparison with previous studies, red deer showed significant, over triple increase of prevalence of A. sidemi and over fivefold increase of mean intensity of infection. Maximum intensity of infection has increased over 24 times. These results indicate on dynamic spread of this new aswortiosis foci. Apart from previously registered parasite species, four new nematodes have been found in examined red deer and roe deer during this year studies. Red deer have been infected with Spiculopteragia assymmetrica, typical for fallow deer and Haemonchus placei - typical for bovine, whereas roe deer have been infected with Trichostrongylus axei and Trichostrongylus capricola, parasites of sheep, goats and bovine. Prevalence of red deer infection with nematodes S. boehmi and Ostertagia leptospicularis was lower than two years ago while prevalence of infection with S. mathevossiani and O. kolchida was higher. Intensity of infection with these nematodes has increased.
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Gutiérrez EE, Helgen KM, McDonough MM, Bauer F, Hawkins MTR, Escobedo-Morales LA, Patterson BD, Maldonado JE. A gene-tree test of the traditional taxonomy of American deer: the importance of voucher specimens, geographic data, and dense sampling. Zookeys 2017; 697:87-131. [PMID: 29134018 PMCID: PMC5673856 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.697.15124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomy of American deer has been established almost entirely on the basis of morphological data and without the use of explicit phylogenetic methods; hence, phylogenetic analyses including data for all of the currently recognized species, even if based on a single gene, might improve current understanding of their taxonomy. We tested the monophyly of the morphology-defined genera and species of New World deer (Odocoileini) with phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences. This is the first such test conducted using extensive geographic and taxonomic sampling. Our results do not support the monophyly of Mazama, Odocoileus, Pudu, M. americana, M. nemorivaga, Od. hemionus, and Od. virginianus. Mazama contains species that belong to other genera. We found a novel sister-taxon relationship between "Mazama" pandora and a clade formed by Od. hemionus columbianus and Od. h. sitkensis, and transfer pandora to Odocoileus. The clade formed by Od. h. columbianus and Od. h. sitkensis may represent a valid species, whereas the remaining subspecies of Od. hemionus appear closer to Od. virginianus. Pudu (Pudu) puda was not found sister to Pudu (Pudella) mephistophiles. If confirmed, this result will prompt the recognition of the monotypic Pudella as a distinct genus. We provide evidence for the existence of an undescribed species now confused with Mazama americana, and identify other instances of cryptic, taxonomically unrecognized species-level diversity among populations here regarded as Mazama temama, "Mazama" nemorivaga, and Hippocamelus antisensis. Noteworthy records that substantially extend the known distributions of M. temama and "M." gouazoubira are provided, and we unveil a surprising ambiguity regarding the distribution of "M." nemorivaga, as it is described in the literature. The study of deer of the tribe Odocoileini has been hampered by the paucity of information regarding voucher specimens and the provenance of sequences deposited in GenBank. We pinpoint priorities for future systematic research on the tribe Odocoileini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliécer E. Gutiérrez
- PPG Biodiversidade Animal, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Av. Roraima n. 1000, Prédio 17, sala 1140-D, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
- Center for Conservation Genomics, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
| | - Kristofer M. Helgen
- School of Biological Sciences and Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Molly M. McDonough
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
- Center for Conservation Genomics, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
| | - Franziska Bauer
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melissa T. R. Hawkins
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
- Center for Conservation Genomics, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
| | - Luis A. Escobedo-Morales
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruce D. Patterson
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL60605, USA
| | - Jesús E. Maldonado
- Center for Conservation Genomics, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
- Environmental Science & Policy, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr., Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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Kim HR, Jeon MG, Min JH, Kim HJ, Park YC. Complete mitochondrial genome of the roe deer Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus ( Cervidae) from Korea. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2017; 2:558-559. [PMID: 33473899 PMCID: PMC7799920 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1365645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We determined and annotated the whole mtDNA genome of the roe deer Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus in Korea. The complete mitogenome is a circular molecule of 16,357 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 non-coding regions (L-strand replication origin and control region). The mitogenome is AT-biased, with a nucleotide composition of 33.5% A, 30.0% T, 23.2% C, and 13.4% G. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the Korean roe deer C. p. tianschanicus is placed within the genus Caprelous clade, which has the water deer of the genus Hydropotes as sister clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ri Kim
- Ecosystem Research Division, National Park Research Institute, Korea National Park Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Gyeong Jeon
- Ecosystem Research Division, National Park Research Institute, Korea National Park Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,Division of Forest Science, College of Forest & Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hong Min
- Division of Forest Science, College of Forest & Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kim
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Chul Park
- Division of Forest Science, College of Forest & Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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