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Pipovic J, Uhac M, Perkovic V, Zigante M, Stefanovic N, Spalj S. Impacts of childhood malocclusion on the family. J Orofac Orthop 2024; 85:213-222. [PMID: 36083349 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-022-00422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effects of children's malocclusions and associated quality of life on family relationships by evaluating psychometric characteristics of the Family Impact Scale (FIS) in adolescents seeking orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Included were 334 participants (children aged 11-14 years; 53% female and 47% male) and their parents (84% mothers, 16% fathers) who were recruited at two dental clinics in Croatia. The Child Perception Questionnaire, Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire, and FIS were administered. Malocclusion severity was estimated using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need Dental Health Component. The presence of caries was also recorded. Factor analysis, t‑test, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Unidimensional FIS measuring global family impacts had higher internal consistency (α = 0.73-0.81) compared to the specific dimensions of family impacts (α = 0.60-0.69). Global family impacts were higher in children with more severe malocclusions and existing dental caries, primarily influencing parental activity, and parental emotions dimensions (p < 0.05). In multiple regression, parental perception of child's emotional well-being, oral symptoms, and social well-being (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of global family impacts, whereas child's quality of life perception, malocclusion severity, or child sex were not. Reduction of an increased overjet by orthodontic treatment affected changes in the global family impacts, mainly by reducing the emotional issues of parents (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The child's malocclusion influenced the family, primarily parental emotions. Family influences were mostly determined by parental perception of the child's altered psychosocial well-being. The FIS had adequate psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pipovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Krusevac bb, 81000, Podgorica, Montenegro.
| | - Mia Uhac
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vjera Perkovic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Martina Zigante
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Neda Stefanovic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, University of Belgrade, Gastona Gravijea 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stjepan Spalj
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Department of Dental Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
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van Dijl TL, Videler AC, Aben HP, Kop WJ. Anger regulation in patients with functional neurological disorder: A systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2024; 88:30-47. [PMID: 38458028 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional neurological disorder (FND) has been associated with predisposing psychological factors, including dysregulation of anger-related processes. This paper provides a systematic review of the literature on anger regulation in FND. We evaluated anger-related research on patient self-report, observational, and laboratory based measures in FND. The review also addresses adverse childhood experiences and their relation with anger regulation, and the effects of therapies targeting anger regulation in FND. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched for both quantitative and qualitative research, published in a peer-reviewed journal with a sample size of at least 5 (registered under Prospero protocol CRD42022314340). RESULTS A total of 2200 articles were identified. After screening, 54 studies were included in this review (k = 20 questionnaire-based studies, k = 12 laboratory studies, k = 21 using other methods, and k = 1 used both questionnaires and other methods) representing data of 2502 patients with FND. Questionnaire-based studies indicated elevated levels of state anger and trait hostility in patients with FND. Laboratory studies showed a higher tendency to avoid social threat cues, attentional bias towards angry faces, difficulties reliving anger, and preoccupation with frustrating barriers among FND patients versus controls. No specific childhood experiences were identified related to anger regulation in FND, and too few small and uncontrolled studies were available (k = 2) to assess the effects of anger-related interventions in FND. The overall quality of the studies was fair (k = 31) to poor (k = 18). Five studies (k = 5) were rated as having a good quality. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests that patients with FND have maladaptive anger regulation compared to individuals without FND. The findings also highlight the need for further research on the prevalence and consequences of anger-related processes in the development, diagnosis and treatment of FND.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L van Dijl
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center for Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Clinical Centre of Excellence for Body, Mind, and Health, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department Tranzo, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, De Hoop ggz, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - A C Videler
- Clinical Centre of Excellence for Body, Mind, and Health, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department Tranzo, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - H P Aben
- Department of Neurology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - W J Kop
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center for Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department Tranzo, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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Vuong QH, Nguyen MH, La VP. The Overlooked Contributors to Climate and Biodiversity Crises: Military Operations and Wars. Environ Manage 2024:10.1007/s00267-024-01976-4. [PMID: 38649482 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-024-01976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The military-industrial complex, military operations, and wars are major contributors to exacerbating both climate change and biodiversity crises. However, their environmental impacts are often shadowed due to national security reasons. The current paper aims to go through the devastating impacts of military operations and wars on climate change and biodiversity loss and challenges that hinder the inclusion of military-related activities into environmental crisis mitigation efforts. The information blind spot induced by concerns about national security reasons jeopardizes the efforts to involve the military-industrial complex and military operations in the global climate and biodiversity agendas. Besides that, many military-related challenges, such as specificity of operational requirements and lifecycles, dependence on fossil fuels, complex supply change, inadequate civilian technologies and innovations, and requirements of structural changes, can hinder emission reduction. Meanwhile, wars and conflicts not only threaten to drain all human and material resources available to tackle environmental problems but also inflict long-lasting destructions, pains, and trauma that can lead to hatred and distrust among nations and parties. With the rising hatred and distrust, global agreement and commitment to address climate change and biodiversity will hardly be achieved. Thus, promoting peace is the humanistic and planetary conscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Hoang Vuong
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh-Hoang Nguyen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Viet-Phuong La
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, Vietnam
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4
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Breitsameter C. When dying does not go well: a qualitative study. BMC Palliat Care 2024; 23:69. [PMID: 38461270 PMCID: PMC10924395 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-024-01379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies deal with the question of what constitutes a "satisfactory death". A smaller number of studies deal with unsatisfactory dying processes. And only a few shed light on unsatisfactory deaths that take place in hospices and palliative care units, which see themselves as places conducive to a "good" death. What also remains largely undiscussed are the ethical aspects that accompany the observation of an unsatisfactory course of death. METHOD The research was carried out as an exploratory and qualitative study. The data collection and analysis were based on the methods of the "grounded theory". RESULTS Notions of a bad death are articulated here, though hardly by the affected persons and their relatives themselves, but rather by the professionals. Principally, descriptions of unsatisfactory dying processes refer to deficient success in symptom control, whereby the principle of autonomy is of particular importance. The focus here is not only on the needs of patients, but also on the needs of staff. The manifestation of such notions is related to the requirements arising from a practice that apparently evokes a need for accountability in the form of communicative reassurance. CONCLUSION An idealised definition of "dying well" is in danger of losing sight of the contextual specifics of the practice involved, which can lead to ethically problematic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Breitsameter
- Lehrstuhl für Moraltheologie, Katholisch-Theologische Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany.
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Barroso P, Gortázar C. The coexistence of wildlife and livestock. Anim Front 2024; 14:5-12. [PMID: 38369998 PMCID: PMC10873016 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Barroso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM & CSIC), Ciudad Real, Spain
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Abdi AH, Mohamed AA, Sugow MO. Exploring the effects of climate change and government stability on internal conflicts: evidence from selected sub-Saharan African countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:118468-118482. [PMID: 37917256 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has been linked to water scarcity, land degradation, and food insecurity, exacerbating existing tensions and creating new conflicts in countries with weak political institutions. Despite the critical need for effective conflict management and climate adaptation measures, prior studies failed to emphasize the role climate change plays in civil clashes in conflict-affected countries. In this research, we undertake a comprehensive investigation of the effects of climate change and government stability on internal conflicts in 14 selected SSA nations between 1996 and 2016. The study embraces contemporary heterogeneous panel techniques to address heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence issues that usually appear in panel data estimates. We employed second-generation unit root tests, such as CADF and CIPS, to determine the order of integration of the variables. In addition, Pedroni and Westerlund cointegration tests confirmed the long-run relationship among the variables. Although temperatures were insignificant, the long-run results of the pooled mean group (PMG) approach suggested that civil conflicts decline when precipitation increases. In addition, the outcomes indicate that environmental degradation and population growth are long-run aggravators of social unrest. The short-run results suggest that rising temperatures exacerbate civil conflicts in the selected SSA countries. However, the study found that government stability lessens internal conflicts in the short run, but not in the long run. The DOLS technique validated the long-run outcomes of the PMG technique. Based on the findings of the study, conflict-prone SSA countries should integrate climate change adaptation and conflict prevention strategies, implement sustainable water resource management practices, and endorse climate-related conflict resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdikafi Hassan Abdi
- Institute of Climate and Environment, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia.
- Faculty of Economics, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia.
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Delacrétaz N, Lanz B, Delju AH, Piguet E, Rebetez M. Impacts of rainfall shocks on out-migration are moderated more by per capita income than by agricultural output in Türkiye. Popul Environ 2023; 45:12. [PMID: 37350772 PMCID: PMC10281901 DOI: 10.1007/s11111-023-00423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Rural populations are particularly exposed to increasing weather variability, notably through agriculture. In this paper, we exploit longitudinal data for Turkish provinces from 2008 to 2018 together with precipitation records over more than 30 years to quantify how variability in a standardized precipitation index (SPI) affects out-migration as an adaptation mechanism. Doing so, we document the role of three potential causal channels: per capita income, agricultural output, and local conflicts. Our results show that negative SPI shocks (droughts) are associated with higher out-migration in rural provinces. A mediated-moderator approach further suggests that changes in per capita income account for more than one quarter of the direct effect of droughts on out-migration, whereas agricultural output is only relevant for provinces in the upper quartile of crop production. Finally, we find evidence that local conflict fatalities increase with drought and trigger out-migration, although this channel is distinct from the direct effect of SPI shocks on out-migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Lanz
- University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- Rue A.-L. Breguet 2, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Amir H. Delju
- World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Martine Rebetez
- University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürich, Switzerland
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Saied AA, Ahmed SK, Talib H, Abdulqadir SO, Omar RM. Mental healthcare in Iraq - Time to be a priority. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 84:103539. [PMID: 36989733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- AbdulRahman A Saied
- National Food Safety Authority (NFSA), Aswan Branch, Aswan 81511, Egypt; Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Aswan Office, Aswan 81511, Egypt.
| | - Sirwan Khalid Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Rania Pediatric & Maternity Teaching Hospital, Rania, Sulaimani, Kurdistan-Region 46012, Iraq
| | - Hashim Talib
- University of Baghdad, College of Medicine, Iraq
| | - Salar Omar Abdulqadir
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaimani, Kurdistan-Region 46012, Iraq
| | - Rukhsar Muhmmad Omar
- Department of Kindergarten, College of Basic Education, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaimani, Kurdistan-Region 46012, Iraq
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Chatterjee P, Chen J, Yousafzai A, Kawachi I, Subramanian SV. Area level indirect exposure to extended conflicts and early childhood anthropometric outcomes in India: a repeat cross-sectional analysis. Confl Health 2023; 17:23. [PMID: 37150814 PMCID: PMC10164367 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-023-00519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protracted, internal conflicts with geographic variations within countries, are an important understudied community exposure for adverse child health outcomes. METHODS Violent events from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) between January 2016-December 2020 and January 2010-December 2015, were included as exposure events for children sampled in National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) 5 (2019-21) and NFHS 4 (2015-16), respectively. Geocoded data from UCDP were merged with residential clusters from NFHS, to identify children living in villages or urban blocks situated at <= 50 km from conflict sites. Within these clusters, which we defined as conflict exposed, we studied risks of stunting, underweight and wasting in children, prenatally, and in 0-3 years. We assessed sensitivity on a subsample of siblings with discordant conflict exposures. RESULTS For NFHS 5, exposure to violence between 0 and 3 years was associated with 1.16 times (95% CI 1.11-1.20) higher risks of stunting, 1.08 (1.04, 1.12) times higher risks of underweight, and no change in wasting. In-utero violence exposure was associated with 1.11 times (95% CI 1.04-1.17) higher risks of stunting, 1.08 (95% CI 1.02-1.14) times higher risks of underweight, and no change in wasting, among children <= 2 years. In 17,760 siblings of 8333 mothers, exposure to violence during 0-3 years, was associated with a 1.19 times higher risk of stunting (95% CI - 0.24 to 0.084). Incremental quartiles of violence exposure had higher risks of stunting and underweight until quartile 3. CONCLUSION In-utero and early childhood indirect exposure to protracted conflicts were associated with increased stunting and underweight in India. Given the continued exposures of such historically and contextually rooted internal conflicts in many LMICs, chronic violence exposures should be targeted in public health policies as important social and political determinant of child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Chatterjee
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jarvis Chen
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Aisha Yousafzai
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S V Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Onajin-Obembe BOI. Equity in provision and access to obstetric anaesthesia care in Nigeria. Int J Obstet Anesth 2023; 54:103642. [PMID: 36841064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2023.103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Nigeria has a high maternal mortality rate, yet there is wide variation in the proportion of births by caesarean section between zones, states, and cities within Nigeria. This review examines the pattern of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of mitigation measures on women's health in Nigeria. The combined impact of COVID-19 and conflicts on maternal healthcare and access to obstetric care, as well as the availability of obstetric anaesthesia in Nigeria, are discussed. There is a vicious cycle, intensified by unwanted pregnancy, abortion, and preventable maternal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O I Onajin-Obembe
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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Shibuya F, Sari DP, Warnaini C, Rivarti AW, Takeuchi R, Jones-Konneh TEC, de los Reyes C, Kadriyan H, Kobayashi J. The process of overcoming conflicts among teachers in the implementation of comprehensive sexuality education at ordinary public senior high schools in Mataram City, Indonesia: a qualitative study. Trop Med Health 2023; 51:7. [PMID: 36737808 PMCID: PMC9896725 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-023-00495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE), which aims to help young people make responsible choices and acquire scientific knowledge and skills, has been promoted by UNESCO. Teachers experience conflicts in implementing CSE when teaching sexual topics in the local context, especially as the delivery of sexual knowledge and contraceptive methods is often prohibited by religious and traditional cultural norms. It was reported that there were multiple challenges in the implementation of sex education due to the religious and cultural background of societies and communities in Islamic countries. This study aimed to clarify the process of overcoming the conflicts, explore teachers' recognition and perception related to the implementation of CSE, and to suggest recommendations for promoting CSE in Islamic areas. METHODS This qualitative study combined the methods of focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) to explore the conflict among teachers. Ten ordinary public senior high schools in Mataram City, Indonesia, agreed to participate, and in total, 59 participants were involved in this study. FGDs were conducted with teachers (n = 49), and IDIs were focused on school principals (n = 10) in each school. The collected interview data were analyzed using a deductive thematic analysis and the findings triangulated for both the FGDs and IDIs. RESULTS Overall, the teachers experienced conflicts in relation to religion, cultural background, and gender inequality in implementing CSE. The present study revealed the mutual recognition among teachers and acceptance of diverse backgrounds in the implementation of CSE at ordinary public senior high schools in Mataram City. Despite teachers reporting multiple conflicts, they made efforts to overcome these conflicts through mutual recognition and provided comprehensive guidance. The present findings indicated that teachers adapted CSE to follow multiple religions and cultural backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS The teachers accepted diverse backgrounds and provided CSE by collaborating with related educational subjects and external institutions to overcome conflicts. To provide more specialized education, it would be necessary to advocate a formal policy that might be accepted by diverse societies. Further research is necessary to apply the findings and recommendations for CSE implementation globally in the contexts of different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Shibuya
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215 Japan ,Japanese Consortium for Global School Health Research, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215 Japan
| | - Dian Puspita Sari
- grid.443796.bFaculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Jalan Pendidikan 37, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara 83125 Indonesia
| | - Cut Warnaini
- grid.443796.bFaculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Jalan Pendidikan 37, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara 83125 Indonesia
| | - Arina Windri Rivarti
- grid.443796.bFaculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Jalan Pendidikan 37, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara 83125 Indonesia
| | - Rie Takeuchi
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215 Japan ,Japanese Consortium for Global School Health Research, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215 Japan
| | - Tracey Elizabeth Claire Jones-Konneh
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215 Japan
| | - Calvin de los Reyes
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215 Japan ,grid.11159.3d0000 0000 9650 2179College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil Street, Ermita, Manila, Philippines
| | - Hamsu Kadriyan
- grid.443796.bFaculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Jalan Pendidikan 37, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara 83125 Indonesia
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215 Japan ,Japanese Consortium for Global School Health Research, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215 Japan
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Harada KH, Soleman SR, Ang JSM, Trzcinski AP. Conflict-related environmental damages on health: lessons learned from the past wars and ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. Environ Health Prev Med 2022; 27:35. [PMID: 36058871 PMCID: PMC9510052 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
On 24 February 2022, Russian military forces invaded Ukraine. The fighting has already caused unimaginable conditions and millions of people were forced to flee their homes. For decades, conflicts have been linked to environmental pollution, exposure to radioactivity and heavy metals as well as infectious diseases. The invasion may cause specific environmental risks, like the release of radioactive substances from nuclear power plants and contaminated soils. Because international collaboration is one of the most effective ways to address environmental problems, it is critical to establish scientific bodies within a global framework to identify concrete actions and tangible measures to provide immediate assistance to citizens. This commentary discusses the above issues from lessons learned from the past wars and the way forward in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji H Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Sani Rachman Soleman
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia
| | - Jeremy Sea Meng Ang
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine.,Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University
| | - Antoine P Trzcinski
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine.,School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland
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Perciaccante A, Asensi V, Cucu AI, Charlier P, Donell ST, Nerlich AG, Bianucci R. War, pandemic and vaccination - Upcoming health problems by the refugee wave in Europe? Vaccine 2022; 40:3096-3097. [PMID: 35473662 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Perciaccante
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medicine, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Gorizia, Italy; Laboratoire Anthropologie Archéologie Biologie (LAAB), Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ UFR des Sciences de la Santé, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
| | - Victor Asensi
- Infectious Diseases-HIV Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo University School of Medicine, Translational Research in Infective Pathology Lab, ISPA-FINBA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Andrei I Cucu
- Prof. Dr. N. Oblu Clinical Emergency Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Iasi, Romania
| | - Philippe Charlier
- Laboratoire Anthropologie Archéologie Biologie (LAAB), Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ UFR des Sciences de la Santé, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Simon T Donell
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Andreas G Nerlich
- Institute of Pathology, Academic Clinic Munich-Bogenhausen, München Klinik GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Raffaella Bianucci
- Department of Cultures and Societies, University of Palermo, Italy; The Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, USA
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14
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Usman O, Rafindadi AA, Sarkodie SA. Conflicts and ecological footprint in MENA countries: implications for sustainable terrestrial ecosystem. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:59988-59999. [PMID: 34151405 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conflicts are socio-political pressures that alter wellbeing, social structure, and economic sustenance. However, very limited studies have assessed the long-term impact of conflicts on environmental sustainability. This study investigates the role of internal and external conflicts on ecological footprint in the Middle East and North African countries (MENA) over the period 1995-2016. Here, we test whether the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is valid for MENA countries during the period of internal and external conflicts-characterized by energy disasters and deteriorating income levels. Using robust econometric tools based on 12 MENA countries, the results show that income growth has negative impact with evidence of inherent heterogeneity across quantile distribution of ecological footprint. However, the positive impact of the square term of income decreases ecological footprint, thus, confirming U-shaped relationship between income and environmental indicator across MENA countries. The results further show that excessive energy consumption is attributed to a rising level of urbanization, while increase in conflicts stimulates environmental degradation. These findings are essential for effective conflict resolution and environmental policies across conflict-prone countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojonugwa Usman
- School of Business Education, Federal College of Education (Technical), Yobe State, Potiskum, Nigeria.
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15
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Bausch FJ, Beran D, Hering H, Boulle P, Chappuis F, Dromer C, Saaristo P, Perone SA. Operational considerations for the management of non-communicable diseases in humanitarian emergencies. Confl Health 2021; 15:9. [PMID: 33632275 PMCID: PMC7905755 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-021-00345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) represent an increasing global challenge with the majority of mortality occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Concurrently, many humanitarian crises occur in these countries and the number of displaced persons, either refugees or internally displaced, has reached the highest level in history. Until recently NCDs in humanitarian contexts were a neglected issue, but this is changing. Humanitarian actors are now increasingly integrating NCD care in their activities and recognizing the need to harmonize and enhance NCD management in humanitarian crises. However, there is a lack of a standardized response during operations as well as a lack of evidence-based NCD management guidelines in humanitarian settings. An informal working group on NCDs in humanitarian settings, formed by members of the World Health Organization, Médecins Sans Frontières, the International Committee of the Red Cross, the International Federation of the Red Cross and others, and led by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, teamed up with the University of Geneva and Geneva University Hospitals to develop operational considerations for NCDs in humanitarian settings. This paper presents these considerations, aiming at ensuring appropriate planning, management and care for NCD-affected persons during the different stages of humanitarian emergencies. Key components include access to treatment, continuity of care including referral pathways, therapeutic patient education/patient self-management, community engagement and health promotion. In order to implement these components, a standardized approach will support a consistent response, and should be based on an ethical foundation to ensure that the "do no harm" principle is upheld. Advocacy supported by evidence is important to generate visibility and resource allocation for NCDs. Only a collaborative approach of all actors involved in NCD management will allow the spectrum of needs and continuum of care for persons affected by NCDs to be properly addressed in humanitarian programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Jacquerioz Bausch
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Beran
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 6, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H. Hering
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Rue de Montbrillant 94, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P. Boulle
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Rue de Lausanne 78, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F. Chappuis
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Dromer
- Health Unit, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 19, avenue de la Paix, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P. Saaristo
- International Federation of the Red Cross, Chemin des Crêts 17, 1209 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. Aebischer Perone
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Health Unit, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 19, avenue de la Paix, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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de Oliveira Júnior JGC, Campos-Silva JV, Santos DTV, Ladle RJ, da Silva Batista V. Quantifying anthropogenic threats affecting Marine Protected Areas in developing countries. J Environ Manage 2021; 279:111614. [PMID: 33223354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conservation's capacity to deal with anthropogenic environmental threats within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) varies enormously, especially in developing countries that are often immersed in weak enforcement, ineffective management and shortages of resources. A deeper understanding of the causes of these threats is fundamental for identifying effective management solutions. Here, we investigate the presumptive drivers of environmental threats across 40 Brazilian MPAs. We categorized and quantified environmental threats from two independent sources: i) the results of systematic social surveys carried out as part of WWF's RAPPAM assessment, as primary data source, and; ii) data gathered from news media articles related to the MPAs (secondary data source). We identified 461 reports of threats that we classified into three general categories: overexploitation, urbanization and land use threats. The presence of overexploitation threats was strongly associated with extreme poverty of local communities close to the MPAs. Threats also seem to be more frequent in category V MPAs, which in Brazil are Environmental Protection Areas (EPA), with multiple use objectives. Threats were concentrated on the North and Southeast coasts of Brazil. We found that data from news media can be used for qualitative assessment of threats, but has limited potential for quantification. Our findings highlight the need for policy makers and MPA managers to adopt a broader perspective that considers the role of social inequalities in promoting and exacerbating environmental threats. While recognizing that conservation has limited capacity to address the widespread social inequalities found in many tropical developing countries, if the socioeconomic context of local communities is significantly compromising conservation efforts it may be necessary to target and prioritize social interventions as a prerequisite for effective MPA management and governance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Vitor Campos-Silva
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences-ICBS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Davi Teles Vinhas Santos
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences-ICBS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Richard J Ladle
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences-ICBS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Vandick da Silva Batista
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences-ICBS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
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17
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Hu W, Cicchino JB. The effects of left-turn traffic-calming treatments on conflicts and speeds in Washington, DC. J Safety Res 2020; 75:233-240. [PMID: 33334481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Left-turning vehicles pose considerable safety risks to pedestrians at intersections. Left-turn traffic-calming treatments are designed to slow left-turn traffic. This study examined the effects of one type of left-turn calming, the hardened-centerline treatment, on the numbers of conflicts between left-turning vehicles and pedestrians and left-turn speeds in Washington, DC. METHOD Numbers of conflicts between left-turning vehicles and pedestrians, as well as left-turn speeds, were collected at selected intersections in Washington, DC, where the hardened centerline was installed, as well as at control intersections in the city where no treatment was installed, before and after installation. Poisson regression evaluated the change in numbers of conflicts associated with the hardened-centerline treatment. The effect of the treatment on left-turn speeds was estimated by a log-linear regression model, and the effect on the odds of left-turning vehicles exceeding 15 mph was estimated by a logistic regression model. RESULTS The treatment was associated with a 70.5% reduction in conflicts between left-turning vehicles and pedestrians, a 9.8% reduction in mean left-turn speeds, and a 67.1% reduction in the odds of left-turning vehicles exceeding 15 mph. All the reductions were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that the hardened-centerline treatment can reduce conflicts between left-turning vehicles and pedestrians, and slow down left-turn traffic at intersections. Practical applications: The treatment should be added to the toolbox for communities looking to improve pedestrian safety at intersections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 4121 Wilson Boulevard, 6th Floor, Arlington, VA 22203, United States.
| | - Jessica B Cicchino
- Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 4121 Wilson Boulevard, 6th Floor, Arlington, VA 22203, United States
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18
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Roh H, Yune SJ, Park KH, Lee GH, Jung SS, Chun KH. Negative school experiences of Late Millennial Korean medical students: a qualitative study using the critical incident technique. Korean J Med Educ 2020; 32:197-211. [PMID: 32723986 PMCID: PMC7481051 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2020.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Today's students have distinctive generational characteristics and increased psychopathology and generational tension. The authors investigated the negative experiences of Late Millennial students in medical school to draw implications for student support. METHODS The authors explored medical students' negative experiences using the critical incident technique. The authors conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 13 medical students, between February and May 2016. The authors focused on occurrences that significantly influenced medical students' school lives negatively from the students' perspective. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. The authors classified incidents into frames of reference for the use of faculty development for student support. RESULTS The authors extracted 22 themes from a total 334 codes and classified them into eight subcategories. Finally, four categories emerged from frames of reference. Students manipulate relationships and colluding for better specialty choice. They experience uncontrolled rifts in interpersonal relationships between peers including lawsuits, sexual assaults, and social network service conflicts. Today's students feel resentment towards dependent hierarchical relationships with seniors. They struggle with gender discrimination but perpetuate outdated gender role toward the opposite gender. CONCLUSION Faculty members should understand today's students' level of career stress and desire for work life balance. They should motivate students' professional identity, promote assertiveness against unfair authorities, and focus on mental health, teamwork, and relationship building. All generations need to understand other generations and develop appropriate leadership and gender sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeRin Roh
- Department of Medical Education, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - So Jung Yune
- Department of Medical Education, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kwi Hwa Park
- Department of Medical Education, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Geon Ho Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Jung
- Department of Medical Education, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Chun
- Department of Medical Education, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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19
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Jaafar H, Ahmad F, Holtmeier L, King-Okumu C. Refugees, water balance, and water stress: Lessons learned from Lebanon. Ambio 2020; 49:1179-1193. [PMID: 31679109 PMCID: PMC7128003 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Syrian crisis caused a massive influx of displaced people into neighboring countries, with Lebanon hosting the highest per capita number of refugees (3:10). Water remains the most critical natural resource that influences the resilience of host and refugee communities. We provide a new GIS-based updated water balance and water scarcity analysis at the national and the watershed level in Lebanon by comparing current conditions to no-refugee levels. Results show a small (6%) increase in water stress in an average water year at the national level that masks hot spots of water scarcity at the local geography. While domestic water use increased by 20%, we find that refugees' water use is only 10% of agricultural water use in summer. We also show that interventions to rehabilitate the water networks can reduce water stress to better than pre-conflict levels (3% less stress).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Jaafar
- Department of Agriculture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Farah Ahmad
- Department of Agriculture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lauren Holtmeier
- The Bush School of Government & Public Service, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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20
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Pascual-Rico R, Martín-López B, Sánchez-Zapata JA, Morales-Reyes Z. Scientific priorities and shepherds' perceptions of ungulate's contributions to people in rewilding landscapes. Sci Total Environ 2020; 705:135876. [PMID: 31837862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nature's contributions to people (NCP) are all the contributions of living nature, both beneficial and detrimental, to the societies' life's quality. Ungulates play this dual role of providers of beneficial and detrimental NCP, as they are responsible of the supply of benefits (e.g. extractive experiences, habitat maintenance) and detriments (e.g. crops damage, traffic collisions). Our aim was to analyze the NCP provided by wild ungulates through examining the scientific priorities and the shepherds' perceptions in peninsular Spain. We reviewed scientific articles of NCP provided by ungulates in Spain and conducted questionnaires regarding NCP to shepherds in farming systems where domestic and wild ungulates cohabit. Then, we compared whether the scientific priorities match with those perceived by shepherds. Both stakeholders highlight more detrimental than beneficial NCP, although there are some mismatches between scientific priorities and shepherds' perceptions. Regarding detrimental NCP, soil alteration, silvicultural damage, human safety or traffic collision were included in scientific literature but not mentioned by shepherds. Contrarywise, shepherds mainly considered grazing competence and damage to animals (i.e. game species and livestock) as important detrimental NCP. Concerning beneficial NCP, whilst hunting was prominent in the publications, shepherds did not conceived it as an important beneficial contribution and considered the regulation of organisms (i.e. scavenging alternative prey) important benefits. These results can have twofold implications. The emphasis on detrimental NCP (studied and perceived) can reinforce the idea that ungulates can threaten humans rather than contribute to societies' wellbeing. The fact that research does not address the interests of shepherds can affect the social tolerance towards ungulates as the damages experienced or perceived by shepherds are not studied. Our results show the relevance of considering local knowledge held by shepherds and their perceptions, something highlighted by the NCP approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pascual-Rico
- Department of Applied Biology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Av. De la Universidad S/N, 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Berta Martín-López
- Faculty of Sustainability, Institute of Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata
- Department of Applied Biology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Av. De la Universidad S/N, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Zebensui Morales-Reyes
- Department of Applied Biology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Av. De la Universidad S/N, 03202 Elche, Spain
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21
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Rondeau D, Perry B, Grimard F. The Consequences of COVID-19 and Other Disasters for Wildlife and Biodiversity. Environ Resour Econ (Dordr) 2020; 76:945-961. [PMID: 32836863 PMCID: PMC7416586 DOI: 10.1007/s10640-020-00480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We review the economic channels by which the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent policy responses may affect wildlife and biodiversity. The pandemic is put in the context of more than 5,000 disease outbreaks, natural disasters, recessions and armed conflicts in a sample of 21 high biodiversity countries. The most salient feature of the pandemic is its creation of multiple income shocks to rural and coastal households in biodiverse countries, correlated across sectors of activities and spatially. Various research and policy opportunities and challenges are explored .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rondeau
- Department of Economics, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Brianna Perry
- Department of Economics, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Franque Grimard
- Department of Economics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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22
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Paletto A, Bernardi S, Pieratti E, Teston F, Romagnoli M. Assessment of environmental impact of biomass power plants to increase the social acceptance of renewable energy technologies. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02070. [PMID: 31341994 PMCID: PMC6630023 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objectives of the European Union (EU) policy agenda are to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and to decrease the dependence of EU member countries from fossil fuel sources. In order to achieve these policy objectives, in the last decades the number of biomass power plants has increased throughout the EU. This study analyzed the environmental impacts of the bioenergy systems at global and local level to support communication and information strategies to increase social acceptance and to reduce conflicts between stakeholders. The environmental impacts were estimated to a sample of biomass power plants in North Italy selected based on the size, feedstock and type (cogeneration or heating). The study aims to identify and evaluate the environmental impacts associated with the thermal energy production in biomass power plants using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. Materials and methods For each biomass district plant an LCA analysis was performed to: compare the environmental impacts associated with the production of the same functional unit, quantifying and valuating the environmental performance deriving from the production process life cycle, and highlighting the production phases with greater impact. Results The results show an average climate change impact by biomass energy plant of 45.84 gCO2eq MJ−1 and a range between 14.93 gCO2eq MJ−1 and 90.70 gCO2eq MJ−1. The results show that the size of the biomass energy plant (less than 1 MW or more than 1 MW) and the feedstock used (forest or sawmill woodchip) are two main variables that influence many categories of environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Paletto
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, p.za Nicolini 6, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Bernardi
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, p.za Nicolini 6, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Elisa Pieratti
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, p.za Nicolini 6, 38123, Trento, Italy
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23
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Tafere M. Forced displacements and the environment: Its place in national and international climate agenda. J Environ Manage 2018; 224:191-201. [PMID: 30048850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Countries in the East African region have for decades been synonymous with natural disasters, conflicts and severe environmental degradation. About 10 million out of the 65.6 million displaced persons globally are found in this region. This paper presents an empirical analysis of environmental impacts caused by forced displacements in five East African countries. Contrary to a widely-held opinion, there is sufficient anecdotal and empirical evidence depicting environmental damage caused by refugees and/or Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). A spatial analysis of current and former refugee and/or IDP camps in these five countries suggests the formation of "deforestation clusters" with concentrations of camps that compound environmental impacts. Technological advancements such as remote sensing capabilities can provide the means for assessing and implementing environmental protection measures. This paper recommends environmental care in humanitarian settings be considered an integral part of the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and climate change/variability agenda, based on cost- and responsibility-sharing, employing technology, and incorporating appropriate monitoring tools.
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24
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Stratil JM, Rieger MA, Voelter-Mahlknecht S. Image and perception of physicians as barriers to inter-disciplinary cooperation? - the example of German occupational health physicians in the rehabilitation process: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:769. [PMID: 30305099 PMCID: PMC6180505 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the German rehabilitation system, primary care physicians (PCPs), occupational health physicians (OPs), and rehabilitation physicians (RPs) fulfill different distinct functions and roles. While effective cooperation can improve outcomes of rehabilitation, the cooperation between these groups of stakeholders has been criticized as lacking or insufficient. This article proposes an approach to understand the low levels of cooperation by examining the role of group perception and group identity in intra-professional cooperation as a barrier to cooperation between physicians in different roles. Group perception was evaluated in terms of (1) negative views about another group of medical specialists and (2) differences between the perception of members and non-members of a medical specialty group. To examine this issue, we focused on the role of OPs in the German rehabilitation process. METHODS We implemented a qualitative study design with eight focus group discussions with PCPs, OPs, RPs, and patients (two focus group discussions per stakeholder group; 4-10 participants) and qualitative content analysis. We used the Social Identity Approach by Tajfel and Turner as a theoretical underpinning. RESULTS While all protagonists reported a positive perception of their own professional group, we found numerous negative perceptions about other groups, especially regarding OPs. Negative perceptions of OPs included 1) apparent conflict of interest between employer and employee, 2) lack of commitment to patient outcomes, 3) lack of useful specialized knowledge which could have a bearing on rehabilitation outcomes, and 4) distrust on the part of their patients. We also found divergent perceptions regarding roles, responsibilities, and capabilities among the specialist groups. Both negative and conflicting perceptions about roles were characterized as barriers to cooperation by study participants. CONCLUSION This example of cooperation between RPs, OPs, and PCPs suggests that negative and diverging perceptions about an out-group could create barriers in intra-professional and inter-disciplinary cooperation between physicians. These perspectives might also be useful in explaining problems at intersections between different specialties. We suggest examining the inter-group dimension of perception-based barriers to cooperation in future interventions to overcome problems caused by intra-professional and inter-disciplinary conflicts in addition to other barriers (i.e. organizational hurdles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Stratil
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Monika A Rieger
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Voelter-Mahlknecht
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany
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25
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Xu J, Hou S, Xie H, Lv C, Yao L. Equilibrium approach towards water resource management and pollution control in coal chemical industrial park. J Environ Manage 2018; 219:56-73. [PMID: 29730591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an integrated water and waste load allocation model is proposed to assist decision makers in better understanding the trade-offs between economic growth, resource utilization, and environmental protection of coal chemical industries which characteristically have high water consumption and pollution. In the decision framework, decision makers in a same park, each of whom have different goals and preferences, work together to seek a collective benefit. Similar to a Stackelberg-Nash game, the proposed approach illuminates the decision making interrelationships and involves in the conflict coordination between the park authority and the individual coal chemical company stockholders. In the proposed method, to response to climate change and other uncertainties, a risk assessment tool, Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) and uncertainties through reflecting parameters and coefficients using probability and fuzzy set theory are integrated in the modeling process. Then a case study from Yuheng coal chemical park is presented to demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of the optimization model. To reasonable search the potential consequences of different responses to water and waste load allocation strategies, a number of scenario results considering environmental uncertainty and decision maker' attitudes are examined to explore the tradeoffs between economic development and environmental protection and decision makers' objectives. The results are helpful for decision/police makers to adjust current strategies adapting for current changes. Based on the scenario analyses and discussion, some propositions and operational policies are given and sensitive adaptation strategies are presented to support the efficient, balanced and sustainable development of coal chemical industrial parks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuping Xu
- Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
| | - Shuhua Hou
- Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; Uncertainty Decision-Making Laboratory, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Heping Xie
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Chengwei Lv
- Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; Uncertainty Decision-Making Laboratory, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Liming Yao
- Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
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Aebischer Perone S, Martinez E, du Mortier S, Rossi R, Pahud M, Urbaniak V, Chappuis F, Hagon O, Jacquérioz Bausch F, Beran D. Non-communicable diseases in humanitarian settings: ten essential questions. Confl Health 2017; 11:17. [PMID: 28932259 PMCID: PMC5602789 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-017-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Aebischer Perone
- Health Unit, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 19, avenue de la Paix, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E. Martinez
- Health Unit, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 19, avenue de la Paix, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. du Mortier
- Health Unit, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 19, avenue de la Paix, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R. Rossi
- Health Unit, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 19, avenue de la Paix, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Pahud
- Health Unit, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 19, avenue de la Paix, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V. Urbaniak
- Health Unit, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 19, avenue de la Paix, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F. Chappuis
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O. Hagon
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F. Jacquérioz Bausch
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Beran
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 6, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Chiu YC, Tseng CY, Lin FG. Gender differences and stage-specific influence of parent-adolescent conflicts on adolescent suicidal ideation. Psychiatry Res 2017; 255:424-31. [PMID: 28668758 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined familial and peer related factors as predictors of suicidal ideation in school students. Total 2896 participants were included from Taiwan Youth Project released data, a longitudinal survey of adolescent suicidal ideation at ages 15, 18, and 20. Logistic regression analysis risk factors associated with adolescent suicidal ideation reveled differences during the developmental stages. After adjusted for psychological symptoms, effect of quarrels with parents on suicidal ideation lasts in early and middle stages; in the late adolescent stage, only cigarette or alcohol use remained significant. Girls who reported quarrels with parents had the highest level of suicidal ideation before age 18. Stage- and gender-specific differences may provide appropriate intervention strategies for parents and teachers preventing adolescent suicidal ideation.
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Abstract
With disagreement, doubts, or ambiguous grounds in end-of-life decisions, doctors are advised to involve a clinical ethics committee (CEC). However, little has been published on doctors' experiences with discussing an end-of-life decision in a CEC. As part of the quality assurance of this work, we wanted to find out if clinicians have benefited from discussing end-of-life decisions in CECs and why. We will disseminate some Norwegian doctors' experiences when discussing end-of-life decisions in CECs, based on semi-structured interviews with fifteen Norwegian physicians who had brought an end-of-life decision case to a CEC. Almost half of the cases involved conflicts with the patients' relatives. In a majority of the cases, there was uncertainty about what would be the ethically preferable solution. Reasons for referring the case to the CEC were to get broader illumination of the case, to get perspective from people outside the team, to get advice, or to get moral backing on a decision already made. A great majority of the clinicians reported an overall positive experience with the CECs' discussions. In cases where there was conflict, the clinicians reported less satisfaction with the CECs' discussions. The study shows that most doctors who have used a CEC in an end-of-life decision find it useful to have ethical and/or legal aspects illuminated, and to have the dilemma scrutinized from a new perspective. A systematic discussion seems to be significant to the clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne K Bahus
- School of Business and Law, Department of Law, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Reidun Førde
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Medical Ethics, Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Salih AM, Ahmed JM, Mohamed JF, Alfaki MM. Reinventing the political role of health professionals in conflict prevention & reconciliation: the Sudanese model. Med Confl Surviv 2016; 32:153-164. [PMID: 27771964 DOI: 10.1080/13623699.2016.1239172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the persistent recurrence of armed conflict, influential actors owe it to the affected communities to take action. The legitimacy of health professionals to mitigate the effects of conflict relates to their ability to save lives and address the physical and mental consequences of armed conflict during which thousands of lives may be lost. Medical professionals have unique and potentially far-reaching skills. These become crucial during wartime and disasters in terms of providing medical services and humanitarian aid. However, they are insufficiently used in one area: involvement in politics as a tool to foster peace. Despite this, Sudanese individuals from medical backgrounds have participated actively in conflict resolution and peace-building processes. In fact, their political actions throughout the last six decades have aimed to prevent conflict at four different levels, which are described by Yusuf et al. in their article on the political involvement of health professionals in prevention. Their stand against President Nimeiri's Sharia laws was primordial prevention of religious conflict at the national level. Their leading role in the second Sudanese Intifada uprising was a key factor in saving the country from civil war, and another example of primary prevention. Sudanese physicians were also involved in secondary prevention by being influentially involved in almost all national peace agreements. Avoiding disputes at the tertiary level represents the weakest link in their repeated efforts. This paper outlines the different roles Sudanese medical personnel have taken in peacemaking. It also critically evaluates them in order to consider new methods of political involvement that suit future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaddin M Salih
- a Faculty of Medicine , International University of Africa , Khartoum , Sudan
- b College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Jasim M Ahmed
- c Nairobi Central Hospital , Ministry of Health , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Jamal F Mohamed
- d Department of Community Medicine , University of Khartoum , Khartoum , Sudan
| | - Musaab M Alfaki
- e Ribat University and Central Police Hospitals , National Ribat University , Khartoum , Sudan
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Sandström C, Carlsson-Kanyama A, Lindahl KB, Sonnek KM, Mossing A, Nordin A, Nordström EM, Räty R. Understanding consistencies and gaps between desired forest futures: An analysis of visions from stakeholder groups in Sweden. Ambio 2016; 45 Suppl 2:100-108. [PMID: 26744046 PMCID: PMC4705062 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-015-0746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Conflicting perspectives on forests has for a long time challenged forest policy development in Sweden. Disagreements about forest futures create intractable deadlocks when stakeholders talk past each other. The purpose of this study is to move beyond this situation through the application of participatory backcasting. By comparing visions of the future forest among stakeholder groups, we highlight contemporary trajectories and identify changes that were conceived as desirable. We worked with four groups: the Biomass and Bioenergy group, the Conservation group, the Sami Livelihood group and the Recreation and Rural Development group; in total representatives from 40 organizations participated in workshops articulating the groups' visions. Our results show well-known tensions such as intrinsic versus instrumental values but also new ones concerning forests' social values. Identified synergies include prioritization of rural development, new valued-added forest products and diversified forest management. The results may feed directly into forest policy processes facilitating the process and break current deadlocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Sandström
- Department of Political Science, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | - Karin Beland Lindahl
- Unit of Political Science, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | - Riitta Räty
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, 164 90, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Shahdah U, Saccomanno F, Persaud B. Integrated traffic conflict model for estimating crash modification factors. Accid Anal Prev 2014; 71:228-235. [PMID: 24950130 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Crash modification factors (CMFs) for road safety treatments are usually obtained through observational models based on reported crashes. Observational Bayesian before-and-after methods have been applied to obtain more precise estimates of CMFs by accounting for the regression-to-the-mean bias inherent in naive methods. However, sufficient crash data reported over an extended period of time are needed to provide reliable estimates of treatment effects, a requirement that can be a challenge for certain types of treatment. In addition, these studies require that sites analyzed actually receive the treatment to which the CMF pertains. Another key issue with observational approaches is that they are not causal in nature, and as such, cannot provide a sound "behavioral" rationale for the treatment effect. Surrogate safety measures based on high risk vehicle interactions and traffic conflicts have been proposed to address this issue by providing a more "causal perspective" on lack of safety for different road and traffic conditions. The traffic conflict approach has been criticized, however, for lacking a formal link to observed and verified crashes, a difficulty that this paper attempts to resolve by presenting and investigating an alternative approach for estimating CMFs using simulated conflicts that are linked formally to observed crashes. The integrated CMF estimates are compared to estimates from an empirical Bayes (EB) crash-based before-and-after analysis for the same sample of treatment sites. The treatment considered involves changing left turn signal priority at Toronto signalized intersections from permissive to protected-permissive. The results are promising in that the proposed integrated method yields CMFs that closely match those obtained from the crash-based EB before-and-after analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Shahdah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Frank Saccomanno
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Bhagwant Persaud
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3 Canada.
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Torre A, Melot R, Magsi H, Bossuet L, Cadoret A, Caron A, Darly S, Jeanneaux P, Kirat T, Pham HV, Kolokouris O. Identifying and measuring land-use and proximity conflicts: methods and identification. Springerplus 2014; 3:85. [PMID: 24600543 PMCID: PMC3942560 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This text aims to present the methodology of study of land-use conflicts performed in recent years by a multidisciplinary team, and to reveal the methods of survey and data collection, as well as the structure of the resulting database. We first define the scope of our study by providing a definition of these conflicts, of their characteristics and motives, of the ways they manifest themselves and of the actors involved (I). We then present the methodology we have used to identify conflicts; it is based on a spatial analysis and the combined use of different data collection methods including surveys conducted by experts, analyses of the regional daily press and of data from the administrative litigation courts (II). Finally we present the resulting Conflicts © data base, with its tables and nomenclatures, in which the data collected in different fields are reconciled and analyzed (III), before providing a few examples of how this method can be used to analyze case studies in developed and developing countries (IV). JEL CODES D74; C83; K41.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Torre
- UMR SAD-APT, INRA AgroParisTech, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Romain Melot
- UMR SAD-APT, INRA AgroParisTech, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Habibullah Magsi
- Department of Economics, Sindh Agriculture University, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Luc Bossuet
- UMR SAD-APT, INRA AgroParisTech, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Anne Cadoret
- UMR Telemme, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Armelle Caron
- UMR Metafort, AgroParisTech, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Ségolène Darly
- University Paris VIII Vincennes Saint-Denis, Paris, France
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Abstract
Conflicts, snapping and instability of the tendons are common, and ultrasound (US) is the method of choice for evidencing these conditions thanks to the possibility to perform dynamic maneuvers during imaging studies. A conflict can occur between a tendon and a bone structure, other tendons, the retinacula or pulleys. Snapping can occur due to instability caused by rupture of the retinaculum, conflict between a thickened retinaculum and a bone prominence or due to an abnormal position of the tendon. Instability can occur due to insufficient ability of the retinaculum to keep the tendons in the bone groove or its failure to hold the tendons applied to the bone.The technique for evidencing conflicts, snapping and instability of the tendons is very demanding because it requires a thorough knowledge of the US appearance and dynamic maneuvers. However, at the present time US examination completed with dynamic maneuvers is the investigation of choice for evidencing these disorders and providing the clinicians with the necessary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fantino
- Medical Imaging du Parc, Orthopedic Clinic du Parc, Lyon, France
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Abstract
Internally displaced persons are faced with several problems, such as sexual violence, and deserve appropriate intervention, especially in view of the increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS and other infections in Nigeria. This study attempts to assess interventions offered by governmental authorities and organizations to internally displaced persons and to identify gaps in services as well as to identify what needs to be strengthened. Method: The author reviewed relevant published and unpublished documents and collected data by interviews with semi-structured questions. Twenty-five organizations and government and police departments and 55 internally displaced persons were interviewed. Results: None of the organizations, including governmental institutions, provided social services or assistance in prevention of HIV/AIDS to internally displaced persons. The main services provided by 17 (68%) organizations to 43 (78.2%) of internally displaced persons were provision of food, clothing and money, but these were provided on an ad hoc basis. Only 3 organizations (12%) included spiritual counseling and resolution of communal conflicts in their services. Conclusion: The fact that most organizations, including the government, do not have services for internally displaced persons indicates lack of support for internally displaced persons. The government should be urged to include these people in most prevention services, including HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment. This should help reduce the national prevalence of HIV/AIDS
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Enwereji
- College of Medicine, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia, State of Nigeria
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