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Dawson BM, Evans MJ, Barton PS, Soga M, Tochigi K, Koike S. Drastic changes in ground-dwelling beetle communities following high-intensity deer culling: insights from an island ecosystem. Environ Entomol 2024; 53:223-229. [PMID: 38402461 PMCID: PMC11008735 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The overabundance of large herbivores can have detrimental effects on the local environment due to overgrazing. Culling is a common management practice implemented globally that can effectively control herbivore populations and allow vegetation communities to recover. However, the broader indirect effects of culling large herbivores remain relatively unknown, particularly on insect species such as ground-dwelling beetles that perform key ecosystem processes such as decomposition. Here we undertook a preliminary investigation to determine how culling sika deer on an island in North Japan impacted ground-beetle community dynamics. We conducted pitfall trapping in July and September in 2012 (before culling) and again in 2019 (after culling). We compared beetle abundance and community composition within 4 beetle families (Carabidae, Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, and Silphidae), across seasons and culling treatments. We found each family responded differently to deer culling. Scarabaeidae displayed the greatest decline in abundance after culling. Silphidae also had reduced abundance but to a lesser extent compared to Scarabaeidae. Carabidae had both higher and lower abundance after culling, depending on the season. We found beetle community composition differed between culling and season, but seasonal variability was reduced after culling. Overall, the culling of large herbivores resulted in a reduction of ground-dwelling beetle populations, particularly necrophagous species dependent on dung and carrion for survival. Our preliminary research highlights the need for long-term and large-scale experiments to understand the indirect ecological implications of culling programs on ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake M Dawson
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - Maldwyn J Evans
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Philip S Barton
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Masashi Soga
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
| | - Kahoko Tochigi
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Ban C, Tian X, Lu Q, Lounglawan P, Wen G. Enhancing Rumen Fermentation and Bacteria Community in Sika Deer ( Cervus nippon) through Varying Levels of Dragon Fruit Peel Polyphenolic Extract: An In Vitro Study. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1139. [PMID: 38672287 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of dragon fruit peel polyphenolic extract (DFPE) on gas production, rumen fermentation, and bacterial communities in sika deer using an in vitro technique. Three treatments with different DFPE levels (DFPE0, base diet; DFPE5, base diet + 5 mg/g DFPE; DFPE10, base diet + 10 mg/g DFPE, respectively; n = 6) were implemented. The phenolic composition of DFPE, gas production (GP), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), volatile fatty acid (VFA), and bacteria communities was evaluated after 24 h of incubation. The results showed that GP and NH3-N were reduced by DFPE supplementation. Total VFA, isovaleric acid, and valeric acid were increased (p < 0.05) by the addition of DFPE. No changes (p > 0.05) were observed in pH, acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid. Additionally, the alpha indexes, including Sobs, Shannon, and Ace, were increased by DFPE supplementation. Moreover, at the phylum level, DFPE supplementation increased (p = 0.01) Bacteroidota but reduced (p < 0.01) Firmicutes. At the genus level, compared to DFPE0, the DFPE10 had increased relative abundances of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (p < 0.01), norank_f_Muribaculaceae (p = 0.01), Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group (p < 0.01), Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (p < 0.01), and NK4A214_group (p < 0.01), decreased relative abundances of Streptococcus (p < 0.01), Oribacterium (p = 0.01), and Enterococcus (p < 0.01). Compared to DFPE0, DFPE5 had no change (p > 0.05) in all bacteria at the genus level except for decreased relative abundance of Enterococcus (p < 0.01). These results indicated that DFPE may be able to be used as a feed additive to enhance fermentation parameters and improve ruminal bacteria communities in Sika deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ban
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Xingzhou Tian
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qi Lu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pipat Lounglawan
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Guilan Wen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Yamazaki A, Nagasawa A, Kamata Y. Experimental Evidence of the Diarrheal Activity of Sarcocystis sp. in Sika Deer ( Cervus nippon). Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:127-133. [PMID: 38010954 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the wild deer population has been increasing in Japan, causing serious feeding-related damage to the agricultural and forestry industries. In conjunction with the government's promotion of hunting for population control, the effective utilization of resources and promotion of the game meat industry as a sixth sector of industrialization are desired by local governments. However, several cases in which patients showed intestinal symptoms such as diarrhea due to the consumption of sika deer meat infected with protozoan Sarcocystis spp. have been reported, and the pathogenic microorganisms found in wild deer should be investigated. In this study, Sarcocystis sp. parasitized Kyushu sika deer (Cervus nippon nippon) in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, was examined for its enterotoxicity. A phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence of the 18S rRNA gene and cox1 showed that the species was highly homologous to Sarcocystis japonica and/or Sarcocystis sp. HM050622. We attempted to confirm the diarrhea-evoking toxicity of Sarcocystis sp. in sika deer meat, which has been previously reported in human case reports. A mouse ileal loop assay showed that Sarcocystis sp. in sika deer meat induced significant fluid accumulation in the loop at doses of ∼5 × 106 bradyzoites. Western blotting showed that these Sarcocystis parasites possess actin-depolymerizing factor, a diarrhea-evoking factor, similar to Sarcocystis fayeri, which exists in horsemeat. However, the pathogenic conditions of the ileal loop were different from those of similar experiments with S. fayeri. This study suggests that S. japonica parasitizing C. n. nippon may cause diarrhea via a different mechanism from that of S. fayeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yamazaki
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | | | - Yoichi Kamata
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Senri Kinran University, Suita, Japan
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Ku TH, Liao HM, Nelson S, Cimo E, Jiang L, Kuo CC. Surveillance of ticks on a tropical island with introduced ungulates. J Med Entomol 2024; 61:212-221. [PMID: 37738325 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of hard ticks can be determined by abiotic factors and the presence of suitable hosts. Since deer represent important hosts for many tick species, it is imperative to investigate whether deer introduction will increase the number of ticks, which can transmit a wide variety of pathogens. The sika deer (Cervus nippon) was introduced to Green Island, Taiwan, to supply velvet antlers, a traditional Chinese medicine. However, they were later released into the wild after a steep decline in antler prices. We conducted surveys for questing ticks, ticks on rodents and shrews, and the fecal pellet groups of ungulates (deer and goats) in 31 transects within 3 habitat types (forest, grassland, and roadside) on Green Island every 2 months in 2019. A total of 5,321 questing ticks were collected. All collected ticks were Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis Saito and Hoogstraal, a species first identified on an island with an abundance of sika deer. Additionally, 48 ticks collected from 126 trapped rodents and shrews were almost invariably Ixodes granulatus (except for 1 larval Haemaphysalis sp.). We did not find a positive correlation between the number of questing ticks and the number of fecal pellet groups, suggesting that factors other than ungulate abundance affect tick abundance. Nevertheless, large populations of questing ticks along some roadsides suggest a high risk of tick-borne diseases to tourists on this tropical island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsiang Ku
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Mei Liao
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Department, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Suppaluck Nelson
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, One Health Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Erica Cimo
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Department, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Le Jiang
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Department, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Chi-Chien Kuo
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lyamin OI, Siegel JM, Nazarenko EA, Vu M, Rozhnov VV. Sleep with Open Eyes in Two Species of Deer, the Indian Sambar (Rusa unicolor) and Sika Deer (Cervus nippon). Dokl Biol Sci 2023; 512:295-299. [PMID: 38087016 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623700679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between postures, sleep stages and eye state was established in two species of deer, the Indian sambar (Rusa unicolor) and sika deer (Cervus nippon), based on video recording. In both species, the state of rest or behavioral sleep was recorded in the sternal position, holding the head above the ground, and in the lateral position, with the head resting on the croup or on the ground. Rest accounted for at least 80% of the time in these positions. Based on behavior criteria a substantial portion of rest represented slow-wave sleep. Episodes of rapid eye movements (REM sleep) were recorded in the lateral position. They did not exceed 2 min. When the deer were in the sternal posture, they kept their eyes open most of the time: in average 96% of the time in sambars and 82% in sika deer. Episodes of the open eye in this posture lasted up to 8.4 min in sambars and up to 3.3 min in sika deer. In the lateral position, such episodes were 4 and 1.5 times shorter. Sleeping with open eyes in ungulates may be an important mechanism of maintaining vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- O I Lyamin
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Joint Russian-Vietnam Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - J M Siegel
- University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - E A Nazarenko
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Joint Russian-Vietnam Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Manh Vu
- Joint Russian-Vietnam Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - V V Rozhnov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Joint Russian-Vietnam Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Ikushima S, Torii H, Sugiyama M, Asai T. Characterization of quinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli derived from sika deer populations of the Nara Prefecture, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:937-941. [PMID: 37438115 PMCID: PMC10539820 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife in urban areas have the potential to disseminate antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) across a wider environment. Using antimicrobial-supplemented agar plates, we isolated extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (EEC) and quinolone-resistant E. coli (QREC) from 144, 23, and 30 deer feces from Nara Park (NP), rural area neighboring NP (RA), and Mt. Odaigahara (MO), respectively. In NP and RA, the prevalence of EEC was 24.3 and 4.3%, respectively; that of QREC was 11.1 and 17.4%, respectively. Neither EEC nor QREC were detected in MO. The pulsotypes of EEC and QREC isolates differed between NP and RA. Our study suggests that deer of the Nara Prefecture are potential carriers of ARB, but long-distance dissemination is unlikely due to limited deer movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Ikushima
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Present address: Fukushima Regional Collaborative Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Harumi Torii
- Center for Natural Environment Education, Nara University of Education, Nara, Japan
| | - Michiyo Sugiyama
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Wu Y, Zhu Y, Guo X, Wang X, Yuan W, Ma C, Chen X, Xu C, Wang K. Methionine Supplementation Affects Fecal Bacterial Community and Production Performance in Sika Deer ( Cervus nippon). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2606. [PMID: 37627397 PMCID: PMC10451487 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid balance is central to improving the efficiency of feed protein utilization and for reducing environmental pollution caused by intensive farming. In previous studies, supplementation with limiting amino acids has been shown to be an effective means of improving animal nutrient utilization and performance. In this experiment, the effects of methionine on the apparent digestibility of nutrients, antler nutrient composition, rumen fluid amino acid composition, fecal volatile fatty acids and intestinal bacteria in antler-growing sika deer were investigated by randomly adding different levels of methionine to the diets of three groups of four deer at 0 g/day (CON), 4 g/day (LMet) and 6 g/day (HMet). Methionine supplementation significantly increased the apparent digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in the LMet group (p < 0.05). The crude protein and collagen protein of antlers were significantly higher in the LMet and HMet groups compared to the CON group and also significantly higher in the HMet group compared to the LMet group, while the calcium content of antlers was significantly lower in the HMet group (p < 0.05). Ruminal fluid free amino acid composition was altered in the three groups of sika deer, with significant changes in aspartic acid, citrulline, valine, cysteine, methionine, histidine and proline. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were highest in the rectal microflora. Unidentified bacterial abundance was significantly decreased in the HMet group compared to the CON group. Based on the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and Adonis analysis, there was a significant difference in the composition of the intestinal flora between the CON and HMet groups (p < 0.05). At the genus level, compared with the CON group, the abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010 in the LMet group increased significantly (p < 0.05), the abundance of dgA-11_gut_group in the HMet group decreased significantly (p < 0.05) and the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, Saccharofermentans and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group increased significantly. Taken together, the results showed that methionine supplementation was beneficial in increasing the feed utilization efficiency and improving antler quality in sika deer, while affecting the composition of fecal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
- Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhu
- Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
- Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Weitao Yuan
- Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Cuiliu Ma
- Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
- Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Kaiying Wang
- Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
- Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
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Sun W, Shi H, Gong C, Liu K, Li G. Effects of Different Yeast Selenium Levels on Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Digestive Enzyme Activity and Gastrointestinal Microflora of Sika Deer during Antler Growth. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1444. [PMID: 37374946 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of different selenium supplemental levels on rumen fermentation microflora of sika deer at the velvet antler growth stage. A total of 20 5-year-old, healthy sika deer at the velvet antler growth stage with an average body weight of (98.08 ± 4.93) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups, and each group was fed in a single house. The SY1 group was the control group, and the SY2 group, SY3 group and SY4 group were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.3, 1.2 and 4.8 mg/kg selenium, respectively. The pretest lasted for 7 days, and the formal trial period lasted for 110 days. The results show that: At the velvet antler growth stage, the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of sika deer in the SY2 group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.01). The digestibility of cellulose and crude fiber of sika deer in the SY2 group was significantly higher than those in the SY3 and SY4 groups (p < 0.01) and significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The contents of acetic acid and propionic acid in the rumen fluid of sika deer in the SY2 group were significantly higher than those in the SY1 group (p < 0.05). Digestive enzyme analysis of rumen fluid at the velvet antler growth stage showed that the activity of protease in rumen fluid in the SY2 group was significantly lower than those in the SY1 group and SY4 group (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes in the SY2 group was significantly higher than that in the SY1 group (p < 0.05) and extremely significantly higher than those in the SY3 and SY4 groups (p < 0.01). Correlation analysis between yeast selenium level and bacterial abundance showed that the yeast selenium content in rumen fluid was significantly positively correlated with Butyrivibrio and Succiniclasticum (p < 0.01). Further verification of bacterial flora functioning showed that the SY2 group was more inclined to the degradation and utilization of fiber. In conclusion, 0.3 mg/kg selenium supplementation can increase the abundance of Prevotella ruminicola and Fibrobacter succinogenes in the rumen of sika deer and improve the degradation of fibrous substances by mediating the catabolite repression process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Hongpeng Shi
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, Changchun 130112, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengyan Gong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, Changchun 130112, China
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Chen X, Dong S, Liu X, Ding N, Xing X. Phenotype of White Sika Deer Due to SCF Gene Structural Variation. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051035. [PMID: 37239395 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Breeding ornamental white sika deer is a new notion that can be used to broaden the sika deer industry However, it is very rare for other coat phenotypes to occur, especially white (apart from albinism), due to the genetic stability and homogeneity of its coat color phenotype, making it difficult to breed white sika deer between species. We found a white sika deer and sequenced its whole genome. Then, the clean data obtained were analyzed on the basis of gene frequency, and a cluster of coat color candidate genes containing 92 coat color genes, one SV (structure variation), and five nonsynonymous SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) was located. We also discovered a lack of melanocytes in the skin tissue of the white sika deer through histological examination, initially proving that the white phenotype of sika deer is caused by a 10.099 kb fragment deletion of the SCF gene(stem cell factor). By designing SCF-specific primers to detect genotypes of family members of the white sika deer, and then combining them with their phenotypes, we found that the genotype of the white sika deer is SCF789/SCF789, whereas that of individuals with white patches on their faces is SCF789/SCF1-9. All these results showed that the SCF gene plays an important role in the development of melanocytes in sika deer and is responsible for the appearance of the white coat color. This study reveals the genetic mechanism of the white coat color in sika deer and supplies data as a reference for breeding white ornamental sika deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130112, China
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ning Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130112, China
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130112, China
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Yao H, Jiang R, Chen D, Li Y, Song M, Sun Z, Long G, Wu L, Hu W. Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing of Antler Tissue Reveals That circRNA2829 Regulates Chondrocyte Proliferation and Differentiation via the miR-4286-R+1/FOXO4 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087204. [PMID: 37108365 PMCID: PMC10139046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The antler is the unique mammalian organ found to be able to regenerate completely and periodically after loss, and the continuous proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal cells and chondrocytes together complete the regeneration of the antler. Circular non-coding RNAs (circRNAs) are considered to be important non-coding RNAs that regulate body development and growth. However, there are no reports on circRNAs regulating the antler regeneration process. In this study, full-transcriptome high-throughput sequencing was performed on sika deer antler interstitial and cartilage tissues, and the sequencing results were verified and analyzed. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network related to antler growth and regeneration was further constructed, and the differentially expressed circRNA2829 was screened out from the network to study its effect on chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. The results indicated that circRNA2829 promoted cell proliferation and increased the level of intracellular ALP. The analysis of RT-qPCR and Western blot demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of genes involved in differentiation rose. These data revealed that circRNAs play a crucial regulatory role in deer antler regeneration and development. CircRNA2829 might regulate the antler regeneration process through miR-4286-R+1/FOXO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Renfeng Jiang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mengmeng Song
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zitong Sun
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Guohui Long
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
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11
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Wu F, Zhu D, Wen P, Tang Z, Bao L, Guan Y, Ge J, Wang H. Domestic Cattle in a National Park Restricting the Sika Deer Due to Diet Overlap. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36830347 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Managers need to know the extent of the conflict between livestock and wild animals. Although many studies have reported the conflict between livestock and wild animals, few have checked the extent of the conflict. Cattle raising in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park is considered one of the main driving forces behind the restricted distribution of sika deer. To understand whether foraging competition is contributing to avoidance patterns between sika deer and cattle, we investigated their feeding habits using DNA barcoding and high-throughput sequencing. Our study shows that although cattle are grazers in the traditional division of herbivores, their diet shifted to a predominance of dicotyledonous woody plants, and this diet shift resulted in a high degree of dietary overlap between sika deer and cattle. Moreover, compared to sika deer, cattle diets are more diverse at the species level with a wider ecological niche. Our results confirm that overlapping dietary niches and the superior competitive abilities of cattle contribute to the restricted distribution of the sika deer, which has critical implications for the conservation of their predators. Our study suggests that cattle grazing should be prohibited in the Park and effective measures should be taken for the benefit of sika deer.
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12
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Su T, Cui G, Man Z, Li W, Huang Z, Chen J, Zhao M. Interspecific association of sika deer in terrestrial animal communities of Liancheng National Nature Reserve, China. Integr Zool 2022. [PMID: 36549005 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevention and control of invasive of alien species is an important work for nature reserves. This study analyzes the development trend of the alien species sika deer in Liancheng National Nature Reserve. From October 2019 to June 2020, 3523 valid photos and videos of terrestrial animals were acquired from 130 camera traps, and sika deer were recorded in 21 photos from 13 traps. The survival of the sika deer population was investigated by means of morphological identification, population structure analysis, species relative abundance indices, and species spatial association analysis. A total of 13 sika deer individuals were identified by camera trapping, including two kids and three subadults representing the reproductive capacity of the population. Spatially, sika deer is not associated with any local species and was outside the spatial association network of terrestrial animals in Liancheng National Nature Reserve, indicating that the sika deer population has not been integrated into the local community and has failed to perform its ecological function. It is worth noting that the reserve provides habitat suitable for sika deer and that the population has adequate reproductive capacity. Due to the lack of large apex predators in the reserve, the population size of ungulates such as sika deer, red deer, and Siberian roe deer may expand and lead to population outbreaks and the associated problems for the ecosystem. To restore large- and medium-sized carnivores and avoid the population outbreak of the species, the present challenges require immediate attention in Liancheng National Nature Reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengwei Su
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Kunming, China
| | - Guofa Cui
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihong Man
- Administration Bureau of Liancheng National Nature Reserve of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Administration Bureau of Liancheng National Nature Reserve of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Huang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Minyan Zhao
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Si H, Li S, Nan W, Sang J, Xu C, Li Z. Integrated Transcriptome and Microbiota Reveal the Regulatory Effect of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Supplementation in Antler Growth of Sika Deer. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243497. [PMID: 36552417 PMCID: PMC9774409 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is associated with the growth of the antler, a fast-growing bone organ of Cervidae. However, the benefits of 25(OH)D supplementation on antler growth and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the antler growth profile and transcriptome, plasma parameters, rumen bacteria, and metabolites (volatile fatty acids and amino acids) were determined in sika deer in a 25(OH)D supplementation group (25(OH)D, n = 8) and a control group (Ctrl, n = 8). 25(OH)D supplementation significantly increased the antler weight and growth rate. The levels of IGF-1,25(OH)D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were significantly higher in the 25(OH)D group than in the Ctrl group, while the levels of LDL-C were lower. The levels of valerate and branched-chain amino acids in the rumen fluid were significantly different between the 25(OH)D and Ctrl groups. The bacterial diversity indices were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the relative abundances of the butyrate-producing bacteria (families Lachnospiraceae and Succinivibrionaceae) and the pyruvate metabolism pathway were higher in the 25(OH)D group. The transcriptomic profile of the antler was significantly different between the 25(OH)D and Ctrl groups, with 356 up- and 668 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 25(OH)D group. The up-regulated DEGs were enriched in the proteinaceous extracellular matrix and collagen, while the down-regulated DEGs were enriched in the immune system and lipid metabolism pathways. Overall, these results provide novel insights into the effects of 25(OH)D supplementation on the host metabolism, rumen microbiota, and antler transcriptome of sika deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhe Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Songze Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Weixiao Nan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jianan Sang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (Z.L.)
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14
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Iijima H, Watari Y, Furukawa T, Okabe K. Importance of Host Abundance and Microhabitat in Tick Abundance. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:2110-2119. [PMID: 36153660 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the risk of zoonoses, it is necessary to understand the infection process, including the ecology of animals and vectors (i.e., the 'One Health' approach). In temperate climates, ticks are the major vectors of zoonoses, so factors determining their abundance, such as host mammal abundance and microhabitat conditions, should be clarified. Sika deer (Cervus nippon) are a major tick host and are rapidly expanding their distribution in Japan. We established 12 plots along a gradient of sika deer abundance in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. We monitored the occurrence of mammal species with camera traps and sampled questing ticks on a monthly basis by flagging along three transects (center of a trail, forest edge, and forest interior) at each site from April to November 2018. The camera traps recorded 12 mammal species, predominantly sika deer. Five Haemaphysalis species and three Ixodes species were sampled. The numbers of ticks sampled were explained by the photographic frequency of sika deer, and partly by that of other mammal species, depending on tick species and their developmental stages. The numbers of sampled adult and nymphal ticks were the highest at the forest edge, where vegetation cover was greatest. Thus, vegetation management in tick habitats and the control of sika deer populations may reduce tick abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Iijima
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yuya Watari
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Takuya Furukawa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Kimiko Okabe
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
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15
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Hiruma M, Tochigi K, Kishimoto R, Kuroe M, Elisa Trentin B, Koike S. Long-term stability in the winter diet of the Japanese serow (Artiodactyla, Caprinae). Zookeys 2022; 1122:39-51. [PMID: 36761213 PMCID: PMC9848976 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1122.76486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The winter diets of northern ungulates are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions and ungulate population densities. We hypothesized that the winter diets of smaller browser ungulates might not readily change in response to fluctuating environmental conditions. We analyzed long-term trends in the winter diet of the Japanese serow (Capricorniscrispus) by analyzing rumen contents of 532 individuals over a span of 16 years among five populations along with changes in the population densities of sika deer (Cervusnippon) in Nagano Prefecture, central Japan. The winter diet composition of the serow was stable over the long term despite the increase in deer population density. The little-flexible nature of the serow diet may explain the long-term stability in the winter diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuko Hiruma
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kahoko Tochigi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kishimoto
- Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kamiina-gun, Nagano 399-4511, Japan
| | - Misako Kuroe
- Nagano Environmental Conservation Research Institute, 2054-120 Kitagou, Nagano 381-0075, Japan
| | - Bruna Elisa Trentin
- Department of Ecology, UNESP São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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16
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Yuan C, Li C, Chen X, Tahir SM, Zhang A, Wu M. Hematological Changes in Sika Doe and Suckling Fawn Fed with Spent Mushroom Substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 35953973 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sika deer velvet antler is the most important animal nutraceutic in traditional Chinese medicine. Reducing the breeding cost of sika deer by looking for a low-cost diet is the main research direction at present. The purpose of this experiment was to find an alternative diet for sika deer and reduce the cost of the diet by using spent mushroom substrate (SMS) as a concentrate supplement. The apparent digestibility for sika doe and the hematological changes of sika doe and suckling fawn were measured by replacing 10% of the concentrate supplement with SMS of Pleurotus ostreatus (SMS-MP). Compared with the control group, the digestibility of dry matter (DM), total protein (TP), globulin (GLO), and cholesterol (CHOL) of sika doe were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and glucose (GLU), alanine (Ala), phenylalanine (Phe), and proline (Pro) of sika doe were significantly increased (p < 0.05) after the replacement of SMS-MP. Compared with the control group, the serum GLU of suckling fawn was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and the phosphatase (ALP) was significantly increased after the replacement of SMS-MP (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the immune globulin and amino acid of suckling fawns between the two groups (p > 0.05). The present findings confirm the applicability of SMS-MP as a sika doe concentrate supplement. At the same time, using SMS, a waste resource, can not only reduce the breeding cost of sika doe, but also make full use of SMS to reduce environmental pollution.
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17
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Wu Y, Guo X, Zhao D, Xu C, Sun H, Yang Q, Wei Q, Si H, Wang K, Zhang T. Effect of Methionine Supplementation on Serum Metabolism and the Rumen Bacterial Community of Sika Deer (Cervus nippon). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 35953939 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine is the first or second limiting amino acid for ruminants, such as sika deer, and has a variety of biological functions such as antioxidant activity, immune response, and protein synthesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of methionine supplementation on antler growth, serum biochemistry, rumen fermentation, and the bacterial community of sika deer during the antler-growing period. Twelve 4-year-old male sika deer were randomly assigned to three dietary groups supplemented with 0 g/day (n = 4, CON), 4.0 g/day (n = 4, LMet), and 6.0 g/day (n = 4, HMet) methionine. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in the production performance between the three groups, but antler weight was higher in both the LMet and HMet groups than in the CON group. Methionine supplementation significantly increased the serum glutathione peroxidase activity (p < 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G level was significantly higher in the HMet group than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). No significant effect was found on the apparent amino acid digestibility of the three groups, but cysteine and methionine digestibility were higher in the LMet group. The serum hydroxylysine level was significantly lower in the LMet and HMet groups, whereas the serum lysine level was significantly lower in the HMet group compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). The LMet group had the highest but a nonsignificant total volatile fatty acid content and significantly higher microbial protein content in the rumen than the CON group (p < 0.05). The phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were dominant in the rumen of the sika deer. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) results showed a significant change in the bacterial composition of the three groups (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Prevotella and Rikenellaceae-RC9 was significantly higher in the LMet group compared with the CON group and CON and HMet groups, respectively. These results revealed that methionine supplementation improved the antioxidant activity and immune status, affecting amino acid metabolism and rumen microbial composition of the sika deer.
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18
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Kawamura K, Jimbo M, Adachi K, Shirane Y, Nakanishi M, Umemura Y, Ishinazaka T, Uno H, Sashika M, Tsubota T, Shimozuru M. Diel and monthly activity pattern of brown bears and sika deer in the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1146-1156. [PMID: 35811130 PMCID: PMC9412065 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals exhibit several types of diel activity pattern, including nocturnal, diurnal,
crepuscular, and cathemeral. These patterns vary inter- and intra-specifically and are
affected by environmental factors, individual status, and interactions with other
individuals or species. Determining the factors that shape diel activity patterns is
challenging but essential for understanding the behavioral ecology of animal species, and
for wildlife conservation and management. Using camera-trap surveys, we investigated the
species distributions and activity patterns of terrestrial mammals on the Shiretoko
Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan, with particular focus on brown bears and sika deer. From June
to October 2019, a total of 7,530 observations were recorded by 65 camera-traps for eight
species, including two alien species. The diel activity pattern of brown bears was
diurnal/crepuscular, similar to that of bears in North America, but different from
European populations. Bear observations were more frequent during the autumnal hyperphagia
period, and adult females and sub-adults were more diurnal than adult males. In addition,
bears inside the protected area were more diurnal than those outside it. These findings
suggest that appetite motivation, competitive interactions between conspecifics, and human
activities potentially affect bear activity patterns. Similar to other sika deer
populations and other deer species, the diel activity patterns of sika deer were
crepuscular. Deer showed less variation in activity patterns among months and sex-age
classes, while adult males were observed more frequently during the autumn copulation
period, suggesting that reproductive motivation affects their activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawamura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Mina Jimbo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Yuri Shirane
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University.,Hokkaido Research Organization
| | | | | | | | - Hiroyuki Uno
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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19
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Tatemoto K, Mendoza MV, Ishijima K, Kuroda Y, Inoue Y, Taira M, Kuwata R, Takano A, Morikawa S, Shimoda H. Risk assessment of infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus based on a 10-year serosurveillance in Yamaguchi Prefecture. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1142-1145. [PMID: 35793949 PMCID: PMC9412060 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Japan, the first patient with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome was reported
in Yamaguchi in 2012. To understand the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus
(SFTSV) infection in this region, a retrospective surveillance in sika deer and wild boars
in Yamaguchi was conducted using a virus-neutralizing (VN) test. The result revealed that
510 of the 789 sika deer and 199 of the 517 wild boars were positive for anti-SFTSV
antibodies. Interestingly, seroprevalence in sika deer increased significantly from
2010–2013 to 2015–2020. The SFTSV gene was detected in one of the 229 serum samples
collected from sika deer, but not from wild boars. In conclusion, SFTSV had spread among
wild animals before 2012 and expanded gradually around 2013–2015 in Yamaguchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kango Tatemoto
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University.,Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Milagros Virhuez Mendoza
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University.,Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Keita Ishijima
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Yudai Kuroda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University.,Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Masakatsu Taira
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Ryusei Kuwata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Ai Takano
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University
| | | | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University
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20
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Jia B, Zhang L, Ma F, Wang X, Li J, Diao N, Leng X, Shi K, Zeng F, Zong Y, Liu F, Gong Q, Cai R, Yang F, Du R, Chang Z. Comparison of miRNA and mRNA Expression in Sika Deer Testes With Age. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:854503. [PMID: 35464385 PMCID: PMC9019638 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.854503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the complex physiological process of testis development and spermatogenesis in Sika deer, this study evaluated the changes of miRNA and mRNA profiles in the four developmental stages of testis in the juvenile (1-year-old), adolescence (3-year-old), adult (5-year-old), and aged (10-year-old) stages. The results showed that a total of 198 mature, 66 novel miRNAs, and 23,558 differentially expressed (DE) unigenes were obtained; 14,918 (8,413 up and 6,505 down), 4,988 (2,453 up and 2,535 down), and 5,681 (2,929 up and 2,752 down) DE unigenes, as well as 88 (43 up and 45 down), 102 (44 up and 58 down), and 54 (18 up and 36 down) DE miRNAs were identified in 3- vs. 1-, 5- vs. 3-, and 10- vs. 5-year-old testes, respectively. By integrating miRNA and mRNA expression profiles, we predicted 10,790 mRNA-mRNA and 69,883 miRNA-mRNA interaction sites. The target genes were enriched by GO and KEGG pathways to obtain DE mRNA (IGF1R, ALKBH5, Piwil, HIF1A, BRDT, etc.) and DE miRNA (miR-140, miR-145, miR-7, miR-26a, etc.), which play an important role in testis development and spermatogenesis. The data show that DE miRNAs could regulate testis developmental and spermatogenesis through signaling pathways, including the MAPK signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, etc. miR-140 was confirmed to directly target mutant IGF1R-3'UTR by the Luciferase reporter assays. This study provides a useful resource for future studies on the role of miRNA regulation in testis development and spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyin Jia
- College of Animal Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Fuquan Ma
- College of Animal Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Animal Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Naichao Diao
- College of Animal Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Leng
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Fanli Zeng
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zong
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Animal Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinglong Gong
- College of Animal Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruopeng Cai
- College of Animal Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Fuhe Yang
- Institute of Wild Economic Animals and Plants and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economical Animals, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Du
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiguang Chang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Roh IS, Kim YC, Won SY, Jeong MJ, Park KJ, Park HC, Lee YR, Kang HE, Sohn HJ, Jeong BH. The first report of a strong association between genetic polymorphisms of the prion protein gene (PRNP) and susceptibility to chronic wasting disease (CWD) in sika deer (Cervus nippon). Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2073-e2083. [PMID: 35349210 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are incurable neurodegenerative disorders caused by proteinase K-resistant prion protein (PrPSc ) derived from normal prion protein (PrPC ) encoded by the prion protein gene (PRNP). Although the cervid PRNP gene plays a pivotal role in the pathological mechanism of chronic wasting disease (CWD), there is no existing association analysis between susceptibility to CWD and genetic polymorphisms of the PRNP gene in sika deer. We investigated genetic polymorphisms of the PRNP gene using amplicon sequencing in sika deer. In addition, to identify a genetic susceptibility factor, we compared genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of the PRNP gene between CWD-positive and CWD-negative sika deer. Furthermore, to assess the effect of the genetic polymorphisms on sika deer prion protein (PrP), we performed in silico analysis using PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN and AMYCO. Finally, we analyzed the tertiary structure and electrostatic potential of sika deer PrP based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the SWISS-MODEL and Swiss-PdbViewer programs. We found a total of 24 SNPs of the PRNP gene including 22 novel SNPs (10 synonymous SNPs and 12 non-synonymous SNPs) in sika deer. Among the non-synonymous SNPs, we found a strong association of the susceptibility to CWD with c.56G>A (Ser19Asn). In addition, we found that c.56G>A (Ser19Asn), c.296A>T (His99Leu) and c.560T>A (Val187Asp) were predicted to have damaging effects on sika deer PrP. Furthermore, we observed significant alterations in the electrostatic potential of sika deer PrP by genetic polymorphisms of the 187Asp allele. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first association study between genetic polymorphisms of the PRNP gene and susceptibility to CWD in sika deer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Soon Roh
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Young Won
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Je Park
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoo-Chang Park
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ran Lee
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Eun Kang
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Sohn
- Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
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Wu K, Xu Y, Zhang W, Mao H, Chen B, Zheng Y, Hu X. Differences in Fecal Microbiome and Antimicrobial Resistance between Captive and Free-Range Sika Deer under the Same Exposure of Antibiotic Anthelmintics. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0191821. [PMID: 34851181 DOI: 10.1128/Spectrum.01918-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the fecal microbiome and antimicrobial resistance between captive and free-range sika deer with the same exposure to antibiotic anthelmintics. The taxonomic differences mainly involved significant changes in the dominant phyla, genera, and species. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that 22 taxa were significantly different between the two groups. The KEGG analysis showed that the fecal microbiome metabolic function, and all level 2 categories in metabolism had higher abundance in the free-range deer. Based on the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) database analysis, glycoside hydrolases and carbohydrate-binding modules showed remarkable differences between the two groups. Regarding antibiotic resistance, tetQ and lnuC dominated the antibiotic resistance ontology (ARO) terms, and tetracycline and lincosamide resistance dominated the antimicrobial resistance patterns. Furthermore, the lnuC, ErmF, and tetW/N/W AROs and lincosamide resistance showed higher abundance in the captive deer, suggesting that captivity may yield more serious resistance issues because of the differences in greenfeed diet, breeding density, and/or housing environment. The results also revealed important associations between the phylum Proteobacteria, genus Prevotella, and major antibiotic resistance genes. Although the present study was a pilot study with a limited sample size that was insufficient control for some potential factors, it serves as the metagenomic study on the microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance in sika deer. IMPORTANCE We used a metagenomic approach to investigate whether and how captive and free-range impact the microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance in sika deer. The results provide solid evidence of the significant impacts on the microbial composition and function in captive and free-range sika deer. Interestingly, although the sika deer had the same exposure to antibiotic anthelmintics, the antimicrobial resistances were affected by the breeding environment.
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Frey R, Wyman MT, Johnston M, Schofield M, Locatelli Y, Reby D. Roars, groans and moans: Anatomical correlates of vocal diversity in polygynous deer. J Anat 2021; 239:1336-1369. [PMID: 34342877 PMCID: PMC8602020 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eurasian deer are characterized by the extraordinary diversity of their vocal repertoires. Male sexual calls range from roars with relatively low fundamental frequency (hereafter fo ) in red deer Cervus elaphus, to moans with extremely high fo in sika deer Cervus nippon, and almost infrasonic groans with exceptionally low fo in fallow deer Dama dama. Moreover, while both red and fallow males are capable of lowering their formant frequencies during their calls, sika males appear to lack this ability. Female contact calls are also characterized by relatively less pronounced, yet strong interspecific differences. The aim of this study is to examine the anatomical bases of these inter-specific and inter-sexual differences by identifying if the acoustic variation is reflected in corresponding anatomical variation. To do this, we investigated the vocal anatomy of male and female specimens of each of these three species. Across species and sexes, we find that the observed acoustic variability is indeed related to expected corresponding anatomical differences, based on the source-filter theory of vocal production. At the source level, low fo is associated with larger vocal folds, whereas high fo is associated with smaller vocal folds: sika deer have the smallest vocal folds and male fallow deer the largest. Red and sika deer vocal folds do not appear to be sexually dimorphic, while fallow deer exhibit strong sexual dimorphism (after correcting for body size differences). At the filter level, the variability in formants is related to the configuration of the vocal tract: in fallow and red deer, both sexes have evolved a permanently descended larynx (with a resting position of the larynx much lower in males than in females). Both sexes also have the potential for momentary, call-synchronous vocal tract elongation, again more pronounced in males than in females. In contrast, the resting position of the larynx is high in both sexes of sika deer and the potential for further active vocal tract elongation is virtually absent in both sexes. Anatomical evidence suggests an evolutionary reversal in larynx position within sika deer, that is, a secondary larynx ascent. Together, our observations confirm that the observed diversity of vocal behaviour in polygynous deer is supported by strong anatomical differences, highlighting the importance of anatomical specializations in shaping mammalian vocal repertoires. Sexual selection is discussed as a potential evolutionary driver of the observed vocal diversity and sexual dimorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Frey
- Department of Reproduction ManagementLeibniz Institute of Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW)BerlinGermany
| | - Megan Tompkins Wyman
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Malcolm Johnston
- Clinical Imaging Sciences CentreUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
- Department of RadiologyBrighton and Sussex University HospitalsBrightonUK
| | - Michael Schofield
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Yann Locatelli
- Réserve de la Haute ToucheMuséum National d’Histoire NaturelleObterreFrance
| | - David Reby
- Equipe de Neuro‐Ethologie Sensorielle (ENES)/Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL)University of Saint‐Étienne, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM UMR_S 1028Saint‐ÉtienneFrance
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24
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Rosyadi I, Setsuda A, Eliakunda M, Takano A, Maeda K, Saito-Ito A, Suzuki K, Sato H. Genetic diversity of cervid Trypanosoma theileri in Honshu sika deer ( Cervus nippon) in Japan. Parasitology 2021; 148:1636-1647. [PMID: 34311794 PMCID: PMC11010218 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomy of ruminant Trypanosoma theileri and its relatives (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) is controversial, with recent phylogenetic studies segregating T. theileri in cattle and other ruminants worldwide into two major genetic lineages (the TthI and TthII clades) based on genetic markers. In the present study, T. theileri-like trypanosomes isolated from Honshu sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the western Japan (YMG isolate) were genetically characterized using a number of genetic markers. Sika deer trypanosomes of the YMG isolate were genetically different from the Trypanosoma sp. TSD1 isolate previously recorded from Hokkaido sika deer in northern Japan, with the former trypanosome isolate being genetically closer to European cervid trypanosomes and the bovine T. theileri TthII lineage. In contrast, the latter isolate exhibited greater relatedness to North American cervid trypanosomes and the bovine T. theileri TthI lineage, although a clear genetic distinction between these was apparent. Furthermore, trypanosomes in Honshu sika deer from the central part of Japan harboured additional genetic diversity and were closer to either TSD1 or YMG isolates, while distinct from known T. theileri-related genotypes. Importantly, cervids and wild ruminants worldwide might harbour divergent descendants of a T. theileri ancestor, which exhibit rigid host specificity to either bovines or cervid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imron Rosyadi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
| | - Aogu Setsuda
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
| | - Mafie Eliakunda
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
| | - Ai Takano
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
- Division of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
- Division of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
| | - Atsuko Saito-Ito
- Section of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo650-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- Hikiiwa Park Center, 1629 Inari-cho, Tanabe, Wakayama646-0051, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
- Division of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi753-8515, Japan
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Rehbein S, Visser M. Sika Deer (Cervus Nippon) are not "Dead-End Hosts" of the Giant Liver Fluke, Fascioloides Magna (Bassi, 1875) Ward, 1917. J Wildl Dis 2021. [PMID: 34695208 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-21-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fascioloides magna, although of North American origin, is well established in central Europe. Here it is expanding its geographic range and has been exposed to new potential final hosts including native and naturalized species. Based on their contribution to the propagation and transmission of F. magna, its final hosts were grouped by Pybus into three types, including 'dead-end hosts' that comprise species in which flukes reach the liver but rarely mature and produce few eggs which are not excreted. Sika deer (Cervus nippon) were classified as dead-end hosts, this being quoted in the literature without robust substantiation. In an investigation on the occurrence of F. magna among sympatric wild ungulates in a recently established focus of the parasite in Germany, nine of 24 sika deer were found infected with up to seven F. magna in their livers, and six of the fluke-positive sika deer had Fascioloides eggs in their feces. Most flukes were recovered in pairs from fibrous capsules. Associated with the low fluke burden, gross pathology of the livers was generally mild. The presence of mature flukes in fibrous capsules, and passing of ova in the feces, demonstrates sika deer to be suitable definitive hosts of F. magna and to be of epidemiologic significance because of their implication in the transmission of the fluke.
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26
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Shiiba Y, Takeda KI, Matsushima K. Effects of adding a commercial capsaicin fertilizer on the feeding behavior of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13529. [PMID: 33682279 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the inhibitory effect of capsaicin fertilizer on feeding in deer. We tested four captive adult female deer. In Experiment 1, in addition to the treatment (intact) containing only a solid feed (HC), we mixed the fertilizer not containing capsaicin (F) or the capsaicin fertilizer (CF) in the solid feed. In addition, the solid feed was put on a wire net that capsaicin fertilizer was placed 5 cm below (SCF). We investigated their feeding behavior response. In Experiment 2, we changed the amount of substance (fertilizer and capsaicin fertilizer) mixed in the HC. We mixed different amounts (0, 50, 100, and 200 g) of the treatments other than the intact with HC and presented them to the deer, and investigated their feeding behavior response. In Experiment 1, intake in the F and CF decreased (p < .05). In Experiment 2, HC intake was significantly lower in the 100 and 200 g CF (p < .05). However, HC intake relatively increased by the last day in the CF 200 g too. The capsaicin fertilizer decreased the feeding behavior of deer by directly touching the mucous membranes of the deer nose and lips. However, the effects were decreased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken-Ichi Takeda
- Institute of Agriculture, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsushima
- Institute of Agriculture, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Japan
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Ma N, Wang HX, Tao WF, Xue NY, Bai JY, Quan-Zhao, Jiang J, Lyu C. Detection of Point Prevalence and Assemblages of Giardia spp. in Dairy Calves and Sika Deer, Northeast China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:685-691. [PMID: 34160284 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia lamblia (syn Giardia duodenalis) is an important protozoan parasite that can cause enterocyte damage and loss of brush border of the epithelial cells in the intestine, resulting in shortening of microvilli and altered epithelial barrier function. Many animals have been detected as the hosts of the G. lamblia. However, the information on the epidemiology and molecular detection of G. lamblia in dairy calves and sika deer in northeastern China is limited. To investigate the prevalence and genotypes of dairy calves and sika deer in northeastern China, a total of 321 fecal samples from dairy calves in Heilongjiang Province and 818 fecal samples from sika deer in four provinces (Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province, Liaoning Province, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) in China were conducted by PCR methods, between September 2017 and April 2018. The overall prevalence of G. lamblia in dairy calves in Heilongjiang Province and sika deer in the four provinces was 4.98% (16/321) and 0.61% (5/818), respectively. In this study, the point prevalence of Giardia spp. in different factor groups was dissimilar. A total of 16 Giardia spp. positive samples in dairy calves were identified as assemblage E based on the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), β-giardine (bg), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes. Furthermore, two positive samples of assemblage A and three positive samples of assemblage E were identified with gdh and bg genes in the sika deer. Assemblage A was zoonotic genotype of G. lamblia, and assemblage E was identified as the predominant assemblage in dairy calves and sika deer. This study reported the prevalence and genotypes of G. lamblia in dairy calves in Heilongjiang Province and sika deer in four provinces in China. These results provided basic information to understand the epidemiology of G. lamblia in dairy calves and sika deer in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Xian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Fu Tao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Nian-Yu Xue
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Yang Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Jing Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Lyu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, P.R. China.,Qingdao Jiazhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, P.R. China
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Wei G, Sun H, Wei H, Qin T, Yang Y, Xu X, Zhao S. Detecting the Mechanism behind the Transition from Fixed Two-Dimensional Patterned Sika Deer ( Cervus nippon) Dermal Papilla Cells to Three-Dimensional Pattern. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4715. [PMID: 33946876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle dermal papilla is critical for hair generation and de novo regeneration. When cultured in vitro, dermal papilla cells from different species demonstrate two distinguishable growth patterns under the conventional culture condition: a self-aggregative three dimensional spheroidal (3D) cell pattern and a two dimensional (2D) monolayer cell pattern, correlating with different hair inducing properties. Whether the loss of self-aggregative behavior relates to species-specific differences or the improper culture condition remains unclear. Can the fixed 2D patterned dermal papilla cells recover the self-aggregative behavior and 3D pattern also remains undetected. Here, we successfully constructed the two growth patterns using sika deer (Cervus nippon) dermal papilla cells and proved it was the culture condition that determined the dermal papilla growth pattern. The two growth patterns could transit mutually as the culture condition was exchanged. The fixed 2D patterned sika deer dermal papilla cells could recover the self-aggregative behavior and transit back to 3D pattern, accompanied by the restoration of hair inducing capability when the culture condition was changed. In addition, the global gene expressions during the transition from 2D pattern to 3D pattern were compared to detect the potential regulating genes and pathways involved in the recovery of 3D pattern and hair inducing capability.
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Tanaka K, Hoshi A, Nojima R, Suzuki K, Takiguchi H, Takatsuki S, Takizawa T, Hosoi E, Tamate HB, Hayashida M, Anezaki T, Fukue Y, Minami M. Genetic Variation in Y-Chromosome Genes of Sika Deer ( Cervus nippon) in Japan. Zoolog Sci 2021; 37:411-416. [PMID: 32972081 DOI: 10.2108/zs200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Japan are classified into southern and northern groups. However, previous studies primarily relied on maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The paternally inherited Y-chromosome is useful for analyzing the contribution of males to the population genetic history of sika deer. In total, approximately 16 kb of partial sequences of four Y-chromosomal genes, Y-linked, sex-determining region Y, DEAD-box helicase 3 Y-linked, and Zinc finger protein Y-linked, were sequenced to investigate intraspecific variation. As a result, we identified nine intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 478 sika deer samples collected over the entire Japanese archipelago from Hokkaido to Kyushu. SNP genotyping revealed 10 distinct haplotypes (SYH1-SYH10). The most common haplotype (SYH1) was present in all populations and was the most abundant haplotype, identified in 80.3% of the sampled individuals. The remaining haplotypes were unique to a single locality. SYH1 was also central to all other haplotypes that diverged by a SNP, resulting in this haplotype being the core of a star-like cluster topography. We found that contrary to mtDNA patterns, there was no clear differentiation of Y-chromosome markers between the southern and the northern populations. Due to the female philopatry of sika deer, mtDNA may provide a highly structured differentiation of populations. On the other hand, the male-biased gene flow may provide a reduced differentiation of populations. Our findings revealed that the genetic structure of the Japanese sika deer is more complex than previously thought based on mtDNA-based phylogeographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Tanaka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan,
| | - Asuka Hoshi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Rai Nojima
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kaho Suzuki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Harutaka Takiguchi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Seiki Takatsuki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takizawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Eiji Hosoi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi B Tamate
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Maki Hayashida
- Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Tomoko Anezaki
- Gunma Museum of Natural History, Tomioka, Gunma 370-2345, Japan
| | - Yuko Fukue
- NPO Institute for Biodiversity Research and Education "Earthworm," Karuizawa, Nagano 389-0115, Japan
| | - Masato Minami
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
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30
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Jobe JGD, Gedan K. Species-specific responses of a marsh-forest ecotone plant community responding to climate change. Ecology 2021; 102:e03296. [PMID: 33556188 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ecotones are responsive to environmental change and pave a path for succession as they move across the landscape. We investigated the biotic and abiotic filters to species establishment on opposite ends of a tidal marsh-forest ecotone that is moving inland in response to sea level rise. We transplanted four plant species common to the ecotone to the leading or trailing edge of the migrating ecotone, with and without caging to protect them from ungulate herbivores. We found that species exhibited an individualistic response to abiotic and biotic pressures in this ecotone; three species performed better at the leading edge of the ecotone in the coastal forest, whereas one performed better at the trailing edge in the marsh. Specifically, grass species Phragmites australis and Panicum virgatum grew more in the low light and low salinity conditions of the leading edge of the ecotone (forest), whereas the shrub Iva frutescens grew better in the high light, high salinity conditions of the trailing edge of the ecotone (marsh). Furthermore, of the four species, only P. australis was affected by the biotic pressure of herbivory by an introduced ungulate, Cervus nippon, which greatly reduced its biomass and survival at the leading edge (forest). P. australis is an aggressive invasive species and has been observed to dominate in the wake of migrating marsh-forest ecotones. Our findings detail the role of lower salinity stress to promote and herbivory pressure to inhibit the establishment of P. australis during shifts of this ecotone, and also highlight an interaction between two nonnative species, P. australis and C. nippon. Understanding migration of the marsh-forest ecotone and the factors controlling P. australis establishment are critical for marsh conservation in the face of sea level rise. More generally, our findings support the conclusion that the abiotic and biotic filters of a migrating ecotone shape the resulting community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keryn Gedan
- The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, Washington, D.C., 20052, USA
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Si H, Liu H, Nan W, Li G, Li Z, Lou Y. Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Serum Metabolites and the Rumen Bacterial Community of Sika Deer ( Cervus nippon). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:630686. [PMID: 33614769 PMCID: PMC7892468 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.630686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Velvet antler is a regeneration organ of sika deer (Cervus nippon) and an important Chinese medicine, and nutrient metabolism affects its growth. Here, we investigated the effects of arginine supplementation on antler growth, serum biochemical indices, and the rumen bacterial community of sika deer during the antler growth period. Fifteen male sika deer (6 years old) were randomly assigned to three dietary groups, which were supplemented with 0 (n = 5, CON), 2.5 (n = 5, LArg), or 5.0 g/d (n = 5, HArg) L-arginine. The IGF-1, ALT and AST concentrations in the serum of LArg sika deer were significantly higher than those in the serum of CON (P < 0.05) and HArg deer (P < 0.05). The phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were dominant in the rumen of sika deer among the three groups. Comparison of alpha diversities showed that the ACE and Chao1 indices significantly increased in the LArg and HArg groups compared with those in the CON group. PCoA and ANOSIM results showed that the bacterial community was significantly changed between the CON and LArg groups. Moreover, the relative abundances of Fibrobacter spp. and Prevotellaceae UCG-003 increased, but those of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Corynebacterium 1 decreased in the LArg and HArg groups compared with those in the CON group. Additionally, the relative abundances of 19 OTUs were significantly different between the LArg and HArg groups. These results revealed that arginine supplementation affected the sika deer rumen bacterial community and serum biochemical indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhe Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hanlu Liu
- Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Weixiao Nan
- Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yujie Lou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Sohn HJ, Mitchell G, Lee YH, Kim HJ, Park KJ, Staskevicus A, Walther I, Soutyrine A, Balachandran A. Experimental oral transmission of chronic wasting disease to sika deer ( Cervus nippon). Prion 2020; 14:271-277. [PMID: 33300452 PMCID: PMC7734081 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2020.1857038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) affects a broad array of cervid species and continues to be detected in an expanding geographic range. Initially introduced into the Republic of Korea through the importation of CWD-infected elk (Cervus canadensis), additional cases of CWD were subsequently detected in farmed Korean elk and sika deer (Cervus nippon). Wild and farmed sika deer are found in many regions of Asia, North America, and Europe, although natural transmission to this species has not been detected outside of the Republic of Korea. In this study, the oral transmission of CWD to sika deer was investigated using material from CWD-affected elk. Pathological prion (PrPCWD) immunoreactivity was detected in oropharyngeal lymphoid tissues of one sika deer at 3.9 months post-inoculation (mpi) and was more widely distributed in a second sika deer examined at 10.9 mpi. The remaining four sika deer progressed to clinical disease between 21 and 24 mpi. Analysis of PrPCWD tissue distribution in clinical sika deer revealed widespread deposition in central and peripheral nervous systems, lymphoreticular tissues, and the gastrointestinal tract. Prion protein gene (PRNP) sequences of these sika deer were identical and consistent with those reported in natural sika deer populations. These findings demonstrate the efficient oral transmission of CWD from elk to sika deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Sohn
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency , Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Gordon Mitchell
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Scrapie and CWD, Canadian Food Inspection Agency , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yoon Hee Lee
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency , Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency , Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Je Park
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency , Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Antanas Staskevicus
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Scrapie and CWD, Canadian Food Inspection Agency , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ines Walther
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Scrapie and CWD, Canadian Food Inspection Agency , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Andrei Soutyrine
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Scrapie and CWD, Canadian Food Inspection Agency , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Aru Balachandran
- National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Scrapie and CWD, Canadian Food Inspection Agency , Ottawa, Canada
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Matsuyama H, Taira M, Suzuki M, Sando E. Associations between Japanese spotted fever (JSF) cases and wildlife distribution on the Boso Peninsula, Central Japan (2006-2017). J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1666-1670. [PMID: 33012734 PMCID: PMC7719884 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of large mammals have been dramatically increasing in Japan, resulting in damage to agriculture, forestry, and ecosystems. However, their effects
on tick-borne diseases have been poorly studied. Here, we focused on the relationship between Japanese spotted fever (JSF), a tick-borne disease caused by
Rickettsia japonica, and populations of large mammals. To explore factors that affected the area in which JSF cases occur, we used
generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). We demonstrated that the expansion of the area of JSF occurrence can be predicted by deer density and geographical
factors, which is likely due to differences in landscape structure. However, the associated models have limitations because of the lack of information about the
distribution of vectors and reservoirs. To reduce the risk of humans contracting JSF, potential reservoirs should be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Matsuyama
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5F Environmental Building, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Taira
- Division of Virology and Medical Zoology, Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8715, Japan
| | - Maki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5F Environmental Building, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Sando
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Jia B, Liu Y, Li Q, Zhang J, Ge C, Wang G, Chen G, Liu D, Yang F. Altered miRNA and mRNA Expression in Sika Deer Skeletal Muscle with Age. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E172. [PMID: 32041309 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the gene and miRNA expression profiles associated with the postnatal late growth, development, and aging of skeletal muscle are lacking in sika deer. To understand the molecular mechanisms of the growth and development of sika deer skeletal muscle, we used de novo RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) analyses to determine the differentially expressed (DE) unigenes and miRNAs from skeletal muscle tissues at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years in sika deer. A total of 51,716 unigenes, 171 known miRNAs, and 60 novel miRNAs were identified based on four mRNA and small RNA libraries. A total of 2,044 unigenes and 11 miRNAs were differentially expressed between adolescence and juvenile sika deer, 1,946 unigenes and 4 miRNAs were differentially expressed between adult and adolescent sika deer, and 2,209 unigenes and 1 miRNAs were differentially expressed between aged and adult sika deer. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that DE unigenes and miRNA were mainly related to energy and substance metabolism, processes that are closely associate with the growth, development, and aging of skeletal muscle. We also constructed mRNA–mRNA and miRNA–mRNA interaction networks related to the growth, development, and aging of skeletal muscle. The results show that mRNA (Myh1, Myh2, Myh7, ACTN3, etc.) and miRNAs (miR-133a, miR-133c, miR-192, miR-151-3p, etc.) may play important roles in muscle growth and development, and mRNA (WWP1, DEK, UCP3, FUS, etc.) and miRNAs (miR-17-5p, miR-378b, miR-199a-5p, miR-7, etc.) may have key roles in muscle aging. In this study, we determined the dynamic miRNA and unigenes transcriptome in muscle tissue for the first time in sika deer. The age-dependent miRNAs and unigenes identified will offer insights into the molecular mechanism underlying muscle development, growth, and maintenance and will also provide valuable information for sika deer genetic breeding.
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Holland AM, Haus JM, Eyler TB, Duda MD, Bowman JL. Revisiting Hunter Perceptions toward Chronic Wasting Disease: Changes in Behavior over Time. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E187. [PMID: 31978950 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hunters play a vital role in the management of wildlife diseases such as Chronic Wasting Disease, but their harvest rates may change based on their perception of disease risk. Our objective was to estimate how hunter harvest may change over time based on perception of disease and proximity to disease location. We found that hunters harvested fewer deer in the 4 years following disease discovery but that in the next 4-year period harvest rates increased to be similar to those from before the discovery of the disease. This indicates that changes in behavior due to disease presence may diminish over time. Understanding how hunters’ change their behavior in relation to disease presence will aid wildlife managers in creating plans to manage wildlife populations and diseases. Abstract Hunter behavior varies in relation to perceived risk of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) and changes in perceptions of CWD will lead to changes in behavior over time. During 2018, we surveyed deer (Odocoileus virginianus or Cervus nippon) hunters from Maryland, USA, regarding behavioral changes due to CWD. We matched 477 respondents to their harvest record and created two geographical groups based on harvest history in counties closest to disease presence. We compared the proportion of hunters who claimed to have changed their behavior in each group and estimated the effects of CWD on harvest rate for the 4 years immediately after the discovery of CWD and the following 4-year period. We found no difference between the groups in the proportion of hunters who changed their behavior due to CWD. We found a significant decline in harvest rate for hunters who claimed to change their behavior in the group closest to CWD presence during the period immediately after the discovery of CWD; however, these same hunters increased their harvest rates in the next time period to pre-CWD levels. Overall, we found that time alleviates some perceived risk of CWD and that this is reflected in hunting behavior.
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Shibata R, Machida Y, Hatakeyama H, Yoshimura H, Yamamoto M, Ochiai K, Uematsu K, Michishita M. Hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma with metastases to the lymph nodes in a sika deer (Cervus nippon yakushimae). J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:193-196. [PMID: 31902801 PMCID: PMC7041989 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 26-year and 6-month-old male sika deer that was kept at the Showa Park, Tokyo, Japan,
collapsed and died of severe disease wasting and severe tabefaction. Grossly, numerous
masses, 0.3–1.0 cm diameter, were dispersed throughout the liver. The multiple masses were
composed of tumor cells, which had hypochromatic nuclei and abundant faintly eosinophilic
cytoplasm, arranged in nests of various sizes. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were
positive for cytokeratin, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and gastrin. Ultrastructurally,
the cytoplasm of the tumor cells contained abundant membrane-bound electron-dense
granules. A metastatic lesion was observed in the renal, hepatic and pancreatic lymph
nodes. On the basis of these findings, this tumor was diagnosed as a neuroendocrine
carcinoma with metastases to the lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsu Shibata
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yukino Machida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hatakeyama
- Laboratory of Comparative Cellular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yoshimura
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masami Yamamoto
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Uematsu
- Akishima Animal Hospital, 1260 Nakagami-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-0022, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Matsuda K, Kogame S, Niki H, Saito M, Ishiguro Y, Sano Y. Gross and histological lesions in the livers of sika deer with particular emphasis on fascioliasis. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:125-134. [PMID: 31839651 PMCID: PMC7041986 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed gross and histological examinations of the livers of sika deer
(Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Hokkaido, Japan. Out of 1,381 deer
slaughtered for venison production, thickening and dilation of the large intrahepatic bile
ducts and Fasciola flukes in the duct lumens were detected in 621 deer
(45.0%). Furthermore, 107 non-bile lesions (75 intrahepatic and 32 capsular lesions) were
detected during gross examinations. Histologically, the bile duct lesions included chronic
proliferative cholangitis, papillary hyperplasia, goblet cell and pyloric gland
metaplasia, and periductal fibrosis. Many of the intrahepatic non-bile duct lesions
(53/75, 71%) were considered to be Fasciola fluke migration-associated
lesions, including two lesion types: necrosis, hemorrhage, and eosinophilic granuloma
formation (29 lesions), and lymphoid tissue formation (24 lesions). Lymphoid tissue
formation was considered to result from the persistent immune responses against dead
Fasciola flukes. An epidermoid liver cyst was found incidentally, which
has not been reported in the veterinary literature. In summary, this study demonstrated
the predominance of fascioliasis-associated lesions in sika deer livers. The gross and
histological lesions caused by Fasciola flukes in sika deer were similar
to fascioliasis in other animals. Moreover, we described lymphoid tissue formation as a
fascioliasis-associated lesion for the first time. The fact that bile duct lesions (45.0%)
had a markedly higher prevalence than fascioliasis-associated parenchymal lesions
(53/1,381, 3.8%) indicated that sika deer are a permissive host for fascioliasis. Our
results provide information that will aid pathological examinations of sika deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Matsuda
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Shun Kogame
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hinako Niki
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Moe Saito
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishiguro
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Sano
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Matsuda K, Kogame S, Yaegashi R, Sano Y. Peritoneal sarcomatoid mesothelioma in a sika deer. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1504-1508. [PMID: 31413229 PMCID: PMC6863730 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A slaughtered 2-year-old female sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) had
diffusely distributed multinodular lesions on the serosal surface of the peritoneal cavity
and several nodules in the pleural cavity. Histologically, they were composed of
proliferating spindle-shaped neoplastic cells, arranged in a fascicular fashion. The cells
in the invasive foci transitioned from a sarcomatoid to an epithelioid appearance.
Immunohistochemically, both the spindle-shaped and epithelioid cells were at least focally
positive for pancytokeratin, vimentin, calretinin, α-SMA, and desmin. From these findings,
the deer was diagnosed with peritoneal sarcomatoid mesothelioma with metastasis to the
pleural cavity. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of peritoneal
mesothelioma in a cervid species and the first case of mesothelioma in a sika deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Matsuda
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Shun Kogame
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Rina Yaegashi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Sano
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Wang J, Liu M, Bai X, Zhang H, Xu Z, Zhao D, Zhao Y. Molecular cloning, expression, purification and osteoblasts proliferation activity of sika deer thymosin beta10. Pol J Vet Sci 2019; 20:751-758. [PMID: 29611635 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Thymosin beta 10 (Tβ10) is a member of the β-thymosin family. As an actin-binding peptide, thymosin β10 is involved in many important biological activities. Transcriptome sequencing results suggest that Tβ10 may play important roles in the growth of deer antler. In this study, Tβ10 cDNA was isolated from sika deer, and complete open reading frame consisting of 129 nucleotides was obtained by PCR amplification. The predicted peptide was 42 amino acids in length. The sdTβ10 cDNA was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli resulting in a 6 kDa recombinant-His tagged protein. The recombinant, non-glycosylated peptide was overexpressed in a soluble form and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. Functional studies revealed that recombinant Tβ10 stimulated osteoblasts proliferation. This study provides the first evidence that recombinant sika deer Tβ10 promotes proliferation in an osteoblasts cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - M Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - X Bai
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - H Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - D Zhao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Yamano H, Ichimura Y, Sawabe Y, Koike S, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi Y. Seasonal differences in rumen bacterial flora of wild Hokkaido sika deer and partial characterization of an unknown bacterial group possibly involved in fiber digestion in winter. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:790-798. [PMID: 30983093 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rumen digesta was obtained from wild Hokkaido sika deer to compare bacterial flora between summer and winter. Bacterial flora was characterized with molecular-based approaches and enrichment cultivation. Bacteroidetes was shown as a major phylum followed by Firmicutes, with similar proportions in both seasons. However, two phylogenetically unique groups in Bacteroidetes were found in each season: unknown group A in winter and unknown group B in summer. The ruminal abundance of unknown group A was the highest followed by Ruminococcus flavefaciens in winter. Moreover, the abundance of these two was higher in winter than in summer. In contrast, the abundance of unknown group B was higher in summer than in winter. In addition, this group showed the highest abundance in summer among the bacteria quantified. Unknown group A was successfully enriched by cultivating with oak bark and sterilized rumen fluid, particularly that from deer. Bacteria of this group were distributed in association with the solid rather than the liquid rumen fraction, and were detected as small cocci. Accordingly, unknown group A is assumed to be involved in degradation of fibrous materials. These results suggest that wild Hokkaido sika deer develop a rumen bacterial flora in response to changes in dietary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehisa Yamano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ichimura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sawabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Abstract
A solitary firm nodule was found in the lung of a sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis). Histologically, it was a biphasic lesion composed of epithelial and stromal cell
elements and exhibited a leaf-like growth pattern. The epithelial cells were immunohistochemically positive for pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 7, napsin A, and thyroid transcription factor-1,
and the stromal cells were positive for vimentin and partially positive for desmin and α-smooth muscle actin. These observations were consistent with pulmonary adenofibroma, which is an
extremely rare lesion in humans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pulmonary adenofibroma in an animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Matsuda
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Wakako Nakajima
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Togashi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Sano
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Zhao HP, Cui XZ, Zhang W, Chen GX, Yang WY, Wang QW, Li CY. [Effect of anti-androgen and progesterone on development of regrowth antlers in 6 year old sika deer]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2018; 43:2713-2719. [PMID: 30111021 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180514.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of anti-androgen drugs and melengestrol acetate (MGA) on development of regrowth antlers in 6 year old sika deer, twenty healthysika deerwith similar body weight and antler weightwere randomly divided into five groups by using single factor test design: flutamide (n=4), bicalutamide (n=4), progesterone acetate (CPA, n=4), melengestrol acetate (MGA, n=4), control(n=4). All deer were fed with same diets and were housed outside together in an opened fence of 15 m×30 m with free access to water and feed. Treatment groups were injected subcutaneously sustained-release agents of the four drugs respectively when two-branched antlers were harvested. The control group had no special treatment. In the experiment period of 60 d, blood sampleswere collected for 4 times for each deer. The concentration of testosterone in plasma was tested and analyzed to compare the changes between different groups. Development of regrowth antlers was observed. At the end of the experiment, regrowth antlers were weighted and analyzed. The resultsshowed that the weights of regrowth antlers in treatment groups were significantly greater than those from control group and the weight gain (as compared with the control group) was 100.50%, 64.46%, 87.16% and 117.46% respectively in flutamide group, bicalutamide group, progesterone acetate group and melengestrol acetate group. For plasma testosterone concentration, it was not significantly different in the early stage (in the first 35 d), but at the end of the experimen, it was significantly higher than that of earlier stage (P<0.01) in various groups. Testosterone concentration of flutamide treated group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P<0.01), while the level inbicalutamide and MGA treated groups was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.01). The results showed that both anti-androgen drugs and MGA treatment promoted the development of regrowth antlers and increased the weight of regrowth antlers, where the effect was most significant by MGA treatment. From the morphological observation of the antlers, it was found that anti-androgen and MGA treatments prolonged the growth period of regrowth antlers through delaying the ossification of antlers. However, plasma testosterone concentration was not affected by the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Zhao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Deer Antler Engineering Research Center, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Xue-Zhe Cui
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Deer Antler Engineering Research Center, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Deer Antler Engineering Research Center, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Guang-Xin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Wan-Yun Yang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Deer Antler Engineering Research Center, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Quan-Wei Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Deer Antler Engineering Research Center, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Chun-Yi Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Deer Antler Engineering Research Center, Changchun 130112, China.,Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China
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43
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Ba H, Li Z, Yang Y, Li C. Development of Diagnostic SNP Markers To Monitor Hybridization Between Sika Deer ( Cervus nippon) and Wapiti ( Cervus elaphus). G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 2018; 8:2173-2179. [PMID: 29789312 PMCID: PMC6027871 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sika deer (Cervus Nippon) and wapiti (Cervus elaphus) are closely related species and their hybridization can result in significant allele-shift of their gene pool. Additive genetic effects and putative heterotic effects of their hybridization on growth performance could confer considerable economic advantage in deer farming. Here, we used double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing technology (ddRAD-seq) and detected ∼320,000 genome-wide SNPs from 30 captive individuals: 7 sika deer, 6 wapiti and 17 F1 hybrids (reciprocal cross). By screening observed heterozygosity of each SNP across four taxonomic groups, we report for the first time a resource of 2,015 putative diagnostic SNP markers (species-specific SNPs for sika deer and wapiti), which can be used to design tools for assessing or monitoring the degree of hybridization between sika deer and wapiti. These ddRAD-seq data and SNP datasets are also valuable resources for genome-wide studies, including trait discovery for breeders of domestic deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxing Ba
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Wild Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, Jilin province, 130112, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Wild Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, Jilin province, 130112, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Wild Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, Jilin province, 130112, P.R. China
| | - Chunyi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Wild Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, Jilin province, 130112, P.R. China
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Abstract
Antisperm antibodies potentially inhibit sperm functions causing the sterility in humans and experimentally treated animals. However, there is no information about antisperm antibodies
emerging spontaneously in wildlife. In this study, we searched for the sperm-reactive antibodies, spontaneously produced in wild sika deer (Cervus nippon), and identified
the sperm antigens. We collected 529 fecal masses of sika deer in Japanese cities, from which we extracted the mucosal antibodies to test them for reactivities to deer sperm proteins by
ELISA. Two of the extracts contained IgAs that were highly reactive to the sperm proteins. The molecular weights of the active IgAs, partially purified by DEAE-sephadex A-50, were estimated
at more than 100 kDa, suggesting that the IgAs evaded drastic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting detected three major antigens, and
the following LC-MS/MS analysis identified them as alpha-enolase, phosphoglycerate kinase 2 and acrosin-binding protein. The antibodies were cross-reactive to a recombinant human
acrosin-binding protein. To our knowledge, this is the first research to find that the sperm-reactive antibodies are produced spontaneously in wildlife and they recognize a common antigen
found in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kawase
- Department of Biology, Premedical Sciences, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Jimbo
- Department of Marine Biosciences, School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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Liu F, Li JM, Zeng FL, Zong Y, Leng X, Shi K, Diao NC, Li D, Li BY, Zhao Q, Du R. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Brucellosis, Chlamydiosis, and Bluetongue Among Sika Deer in Jilin Province in China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:226-230. [PMID: 29595405 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis and chlamydiosis are important zoonotic diseases and bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arthropod-borne viral disease of ruminants. They are widely distributed around the world, cause large economic losses, and significant harmful effects on humans. However, epidemiological information relating to transmission from commercial sika deer in China is limited. Therefore, from 2016 to 2017, 458 sika deer blood samples were collected from three cities in Jilin Province in China. The Brucella antigen and specific antibodies to Chlamydia and BTV were examined using RT-PCR, indirect hemagglutination assay, and ELISA, respectively. The prevalence of Brucella was found to be 12.9% (59/458) and the seroprevalence of Chlamydia and BTV was 14.4% (66/458) and 17.0% (78/458), respectively. Seasonality was considered a risk factor for the presence of Brucella or BTV in sika deer and the region was considered a risk factor for Chlamydia infection. These data provides reference values for both further research and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- 2 College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Li Zeng
- 2 College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zong
- 2 College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Leng
- 2 College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Shi
- 2 College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Chao Diao
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yu Li
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhao
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Du
- 2 College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Yang F, He C, Sun X, Wang J, Luo C, Liu G, Yang L, Xiong J, Huo L. The Regulatory Mechanism of MLT/MT1 Signaling on the Growth of Antler Mesenchymal Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:E1793. [PMID: 29065543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) plays an important role in regulating the physiological cycle of seasonal breeding animals. Melatonin receptor I (MT1) is effectively expressed in the cambium layer of deer antler. However, the function and metabolic mechanism of MLT/MT1 signaling in the mesenchymal cells of sika deer remain to be further elucidated. In this work, we detected the effects of MLT/MT1 signaling on mesenchymal cells proliferation and the interaction between MLT/MT1 and IGF1/IGF1-R signaling. The results show that (1) deer antler mesenchymal cells actually express MT1; (2) exogenous melatonin significantly promotes mesenchymal cells proliferation, while MT1 knock-down significantly impairs the positive effects of melatonin; and (3) melatonin significantly enhanced IGF1/IGF1-R signaling, as both the expression of IGF1 and IGF-1R increased, while MT1 knock-down significantly decreased IGF1-R expression and IGF1 synthesis. In summary, these data verified that MLT/MT1 signaling plays a crucial role in antler mesenchymal proliferation, which may be mediated by IGF1/IGF1-R.
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Ba H, Jia B, Wang G, Yang Y, Kedem G, Li C. Genome-Wide SNP Discovery and Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Farmed Sika Deer ( Cervus nippon) in Northeast China Using Double-Digest Restriction Site-Associated DNA Sequencing. G3 (Bethesda) 2017; 7:3169-76. [PMID: 28751500 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sika deer are an economically valuable species owing to their use in traditional Chinese medicine, particularly their velvet antlers. Sika deer in northeast China are mostly farmed in enclosure. Therefore, genetic management of farmed sika deer would benefit from detailed knowledge of their genetic diversity. In this study, we generated over 1.45 billion high-quality paired-end reads (288 Gbp) across 42 unrelated individuals using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). A total of 96,188 (29.63%) putative biallelic SNP loci were identified with an average sequencing depth of 23×. Based on the analysis, we found that the majority of the loci had a deficit of heterozygotes (FIS >0) and low values of Hobs, which could be due to inbreeding and Wahlund effects. We also developed a collection of high-quality SNP probes that will likely be useful in a variety of applications in genotyping for cervid species in the future.
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48
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Huang FY, An XL, Chen QL, Ren HY, Su JQ. [Distribution Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Sika Deer Farm]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2016; 37:4402-4409. [PMID: 29964698 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201605196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sika deer breeding is rapidly developing in South China during the recent years; however, the impact of sika deer breeding on the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sika deer farm remains elusive. In this study, profiles of ARGs were investigated using high-throughput qPCR technique. The results showed that the abundance of ARGs varied among different samples in the following order, deer manure composting > deer manure > vegetable soil > pristine soil, and the profiles of ARGs in these samples were significantly different (P<0.05). The abundance of ARGs was significantly correlated to that of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), implicating the potential of horizontal transfer of ARGs, which might accelerate the dissemination and enrichment of ARGs in the environment of sika deer farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xin-Li An
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Yun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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49
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Bao K, Wang K, Wang X, Zhang T, Liu H, Li G. Effects of dietary manganese supplementation on nutrient digestibility and production performance in male sika deer (Cervus Nippon). Anim Sci J 2016; 88:463-467. [PMID: 27481564 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of manganese (Mn) supplementation on nutrient digestibility and antler growth in male sika deer. Twenty 3-year-old male sika deer were divided into four groups (Control, T40, T80 and T120). The control diet contained 22.2 mg Mn/kg. The treatment diets were supplemented with 40, 80 and 120 mg of Mn/kg (provided as Mn methionine). The results showed that the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein in the T80 group was greater than other groups. Higher digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was observed in the T80 group than in the control group. Plasma Mn concentrations in the T80 and T120 groups were higher (P < 0.01) than control and T40 group (P < 0.01). The concentration of Mn in feces was increased with increasing Mn amount. Average daily gain of fresh antler and dry antler of T80 was greater than other groups, especially the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the suitable level of Mn supplementation was found to be 80 mg/kg (total Mn content 103.4 mg/kg dry matter), which significantly increased antler daily gain and feed digestibility in 3-year-old sika deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Bao
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun, China
| | - Kaiying Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tietao Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hanlu Liu
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun, China
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50
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Zamoto-Niikura A, Tsuji M, Imaoka K, Kimura M, Morikawa S, Holman PJ, Hirata H, Ishihara C. Sika deer carrying Babesia parasites closely related to B. divergens, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 20:1398-400. [PMID: 25061853 PMCID: PMC4111200 DOI: 10.3201/eid2008.130061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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