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Chu X, Yin Y, Chen S, Chen F, Liu H, Zhao S. Suppressive Role of Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor in a Rat Model of Corneal Allograft Rejection. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00736. [PMID: 38644534 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological rejection is the most common reason for corneal transplantation failure. The importance of T cells in corneal allograft rejection is well demonstrated. Recent studies highlight that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plays an immunoregulatory role in ocular diseases by enhancing the suppressive phenotype of regulatory T cells besides its other functions in neurotrophy and antiangiogenesis. METHODS The effects of PEDF on immune rejection were examined in rat models of corneal transplantation using slit-lamp microscope observation, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and Western blot. In vitro, we demonstrated PEDF reduced alloreactive T-cell activation using real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and Western blot. RESULTS Topical administration of PEDF provided corneal transplantation rats with an improved graft survival rate of corneal allografts, reduced hemangiogenesis, and infiltration of immune cells in corneas, in particular, type 17 T helper cells while increased regulatory T cells. Moreover, nerve reinnervation within grafts was promoted in PEDF-treated recipient rats. In vitro, PEDF inhibited alloreactive T-cell activation via the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/c-Jun signaling pathway and upregulated the expressions of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β, emphasizing the suppressive role of PEDF on immune responses. CONCLUSIONS Our results underscore the feasibility of PEDF in alleviating corneal allograft rejection and further illustrate its potential in managing immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Chu
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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2
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Shi S, Ni L, Tian Y, Zhang B, Xiao J, Xu W, Gao L, Wu X. Association of Obesity Indices with Diabetic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Study. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:3819830. [PMID: 37096235 PMCID: PMC10122582 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3819830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic microvascular complications mainly include diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Obesity was recognized as a risk factor for DKD, while the reported relationship between obesity and DR was inconsistent. Moreover, whether the associations can be attributed to C-peptide levels is unknown. Methods Data from 1142 sequential inpatients with T2DM at Xiangyang Central Hospital between June 2019 and March 2022 were extracted retrospectively from the electronic medical record system. The associations between four obesity indices (body mass index (BMI), waist-hip circumference ratio (WHR), visceral fat tissue area (VFA), and subcutaneous fat tissue area (SFA)) and DKD and DR were evaluated. Whether the associations can be attributed to C-peptide levels was also explored. Results Obesity was a risk factor for DKD after adjusting for sex, HbA1c, TG, TC, HDL, LDL, smoking history, education, duration of diabetes, and insulin use (obesity indices: BMI (OR 1.050: 95% CI: 1.008-1.094; P = 0.020); WHR (OR 10.97; 95% CI: 1.250-92.267; P = 0.031); VFA (OR 1.005; 95% CI: 1.001-1.008; P = 0.008)), but it became insignificant after further adjusting for fasting C-peptide. The associations between BMI, WHR, VFA, and DKD might be U-shaped. Obesity and FCP tended to protect against DR; however, they became insignificant after adjusting for multiple potential confounders. C2/C0 (the ratio of the postprandial serum C-peptide to fasting C-peptide) was a protective factor for both DKD (OR 0.894, 95% CI: 0.833-0.959, P < 0.05) and DR (OR 0.851, 95% CI: 0.787-0.919; P < 0.05). Conclusions Obesity was a risk factor for DKD, and the effect may be attributable to C-peptide, which represents insulin resistance. The protective effect of obesity or C-peptide on DR was not independent and could be confounded by multiple factors. Higher C2/C0 was associated with both decreased DKD and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Lihua Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Baifang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Wan Xu
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Department of General Practice, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
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3
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Zhao CQ, Liu JZ, Liu MM, Ren XT, Kong DQ, Peng J, Cao M, Liu R, Hai CX, Zhang XD. Heterogeneity of T cells and macrophages in chlorine-induced acute lung injury in mice using single-cell RNA sequencing. Inhal Toxicol 2022; 34:399-411. [PMID: 36260290 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2134526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chlorine (Cl2), as an asphyxiant toxicant, induced poisoning incidents and acute lung injury (ALI) occur frequently. The specific pathogenesis of Cl2-induced ALI remains unclear. Immune cells play an important role in the process of lung damage. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology to explore T cells and macrophages molecular mechanism. METHODS Female BALB/c mice were exposed to 400 ppm Cl2 for 15 min. scRNA-seq technology was used to observe the heterogeneity of T cells and macrophages. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to evaluate the degree of lung injury. Immunofluorescence was used to verify the highly expressed genes of our interest. RESULTS A total of 5316 to 7742 cells were classified into eight different cell types. Several new highly expressed anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory genes were found in T cells and macrophages, which were further verified in vitro. Through the pseudotime analysis of macrophages, it was found that the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes showed opposite trends in the development of Cl2-induced ALI. This study also mapped T cells-macrophage communication and identified the development of several important receptor-ligand complexes in Cl2-induced ALI. CONCLUSIONS These findings are worthy of further exploration and provide new resources and directions for the study of Cl2-induced ALI in mice, especially in immune and inflammation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Qian Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiang-Zheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng-Meng Liu
- Department of Health Service, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Ren
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - De-Qin Kong
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Xu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-di Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Mason RH, Minaker SA, Lahaie Luna G, Bapat P, Farahvash A, Garg A, Bhambra N, Muni RH. Changes in aqueous and vitreous inflammatory cytokine levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye (Lond) 2022:10.1038/s41433-022-02127-x. [PMID: 35672457 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, where in its most advanced form ischemic changes lead to the development of retinal neovascularization, termed proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). While the development of PDR is often associated with angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines, studies differ on which cytokines are implicated in disease pathogenesis and on the strength of these associations. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the existing body of data on intraocular cytokines as biomarkers in PDR. METHODS A comprehensive search of the literature without year limitation was conducted to January 18, 2021, which identified 341 studies assessing vitreous or aqueous cytokine levels in PDR, accounting for 10379 eyes with PDR and 6269 eyes from healthy controls. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences (SMD) of cytokine concentrations between PDR and control patients. RESULTS Concentrations (SMD, 95% confidence interval, and p-value) of aqueous IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF, and vitreous IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, angiopoietin-2, eotaxin, erythropoietin, GM-CSF, GRO, HMGB-1, IFN-γ, IGF, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1, MMP-9, PDGF-AA, PlGF, sCD40L, SDF-1, sICAM-1, sVEGFR, TIMP, TNF-α, and VEGF were significantly higher in patients with PDR when compared to healthy nondiabetic controls. For all other cytokines no differences, failed sensitivity analyses or insufficient data were found. CONCLUSIONS This extensive list of cytokines speaks to the complexity of PDR pathogenesis, and informs future investigations into disease pathogenesis, prognosis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Mason
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel A Minaker
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Priya Bapat
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armin Farahvash
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anubhav Garg
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nishaant Bhambra
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajeev H Muni
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- University of Toronto/Kensington Health Ophthalmology Biobank and Cytokine Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Zhao F, Fei W, Li Z, Yu H, Xi L. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor-Loaded PEGylated Nanoparticles as a New Antiangiogenic Therapy for Neovascularization. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:1193760. [PMID: 35493608 PMCID: PMC9054434 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1193760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological neovascularization, which involves a disruption in the balance between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors under pathological conditions, is the basis of many intraocular diseases. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a potent natural, endogenous inhibitor of neovascularization because of its antiangiogenic and neuroprotective benefits. However, its application is restricted by its instability and short half-life. The present study is aimed at investigating the cytotoxicity and antiangiogenic effects of PEDF-loaded PEGylated nanoparticles (NP-PEG-PEDF) on high glucose-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS In this study, NP-PEG-PEDF were fabricated using the multiple emulsion method for the first time. HUVECs were cultured in a high concentration of glucose (30 mmol/L D-glucose), simulating diabetic conditions. The antiangiogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pure PEDF, and NP-PEG-PEDF on proliferation, migration, and tube formation were evaluated. VEGF secretion in high glucose-stimulated HUVECs was further tested in vitro. RESULTS NP-PEG-PEDF exhibited low cytotoxicity in HUVECs. Our results indicated that in vitro, NP-PEG-PEDF attenuated diabetes-induced HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation and suppressed VEGF secretion. The apoptosis of diabetes-induced HUVECs occurred in a dose-dependent manner, which showed a statistically significant difference compared with the PEDF treatment group. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to demonstrate that NP-PEG-PEDF exert antiangiogenic effects on high glucose-stimulated HUVECs and have the potential to alleviate microvascular dysfunction. These data suggest that the NP-PEG-PEDF delivery system may offer an innovative therapeutic strategy for preventing neovascularization of the fundus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlei Fei
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhouyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Xi
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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6
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Ko VH, Yu LJ, Secor JD, Pan A, Mitchell PD, Kishikawa H, Puder M. Deficiency in pigment epithelium-derived factor accelerates pulmonary growth and development in a compensatory lung growth model. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21850. [PMID: 34569654 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002661rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Children with hypoplastic lung disease associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) continue to suffer significant morbidity and mortality secondary to progressive pulmonary disease. Recently published work from our lab demonstrated the potential of Roxadustat (FG-4592), a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, as a treatment for CDH-associated pulmonary hypoplasia. Treatment with Roxadustat led to significantly accelerated compensatory lung growth (CLG) through downregulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), an anti-angiogenic factor, rather than upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). PEDF and its role in pulmonary development is a largely unexplored field. In this study, we sought to further evaluate the role of PEDF in accelerating CLG. PEDF-deficient mice demonstrated significantly increased lung volume, total lung capacity, and alveolarization compared to wild type controls following left pneumonectomy without increased VEGF expression. Furthermore, Roxadustat administration in PEDF-deficient mice did not further accelerate CLG. Human microvascular endothelial lung cells (HMVEC-L) and human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEC) similarly demonstrated decreased PEDF expression with Roxadustat administration. Additionally, downregulation of PEDF in Roxadustat-treated HMVEC-L and HPAEC, a previously unreported finding, speaks to the potential translatability of Roxadustat from small animal studies. Taken together, these findings further suggest that PEDF downregulation is the primary mechanism by which Roxadustat accelerates CLG. More importantly, these data highlight the critical role PEDF may have in pulmonary growth and development, a previously unexplored field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria H Ko
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lumeng J Yu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jordan D Secor
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Pan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul D Mitchell
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiroko Kishikawa
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor as a Possible Treatment Agent for Choroidal Neovascularization. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8941057. [PMID: 32215180 PMCID: PMC7079215 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8941057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a sight-threatening disease and is characterized by the formation of pathological neovascularization in the choroid which extends into the subretinal space. Exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the formation of CNV in the macular area which leads to irreversible blindness. Continuous leakage and hemorrhage of the CNV lesion may eventually result in scarring or later fibrosis, which could result in photoreceptor cell atrophy. The current strategy for treating CNV is the use of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. Many studies have demonstrated the efficacy of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. Other studies have also reported the side effects of single anti-VEGF treatment. And long-term inhibition of a single system may result in collateral damage to other visual elements. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a 50 kDa protein that was first isolated from the conditioned medium of human RPE cells. PEDF has both antiangiogenesis and neuroprotective functions for photoreceptor cells. It may be a potential ocular antiangiogenic agent. This review outlines the distribution of PEDF in the eye, the mechanism of antiangiogenesis, the protective effect on the retina, and the relationship between PEDF and VEGF.
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8
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Yamagishi SI, Koga Y, Sotokawauchi A, Hashizume N, Fukahori S, Matsui T, Yagi M. Therapeutic Potential of Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:313-324. [PMID: 30892156 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is one of the serine protease inhibitors with multifunctional properties, which is produced by various types of organs and tissues. There is an accumulating body of evidence that PEDF plays an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Indeed, PEDF not only works as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, but also suppresses oxidative stress, inflammatory and thrombotic reactions in cell culture systems, animal models, and humans. Furthermore, we, along with others, have found that PEDF inhibits proliferation of, and induces apoptotic cell death in, numerous kinds of tumors. In addition, circulating as well as tumor expression levels of PEDF have been inversely associated with tumor growth and metastasis. These observations suggest that supplementation of PEDF proteins and/or enhancement of endogenous PEDF expression could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. Therefore, in this paper, we review the effects of PEDF on diverse types of cancer, and discuss its therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Koga
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ami Sotokawauchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashizume
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Suguru Fukahori
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Minoru Yagi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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Riabinska A, Zille M, Terzi MY, Cordell R, Nieminen-Kelhä M, Klohs J, Piña AL. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Improves Paracellular Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity in the Normal and Ischemic Mouse Brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:751-764. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00770-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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Wang Y, Wang X, Liu W, Zhang L. Role of the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in the protective effects of fasudil against acute lung injury in septic rats. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4486-4498. [PMID: 30221694 PMCID: PMC6172402 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasudil, which is primarily prescribed to treat cerebral vasospasm, may also inhibit systemic inflammation and prevent sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats, although the mechanisms remain elusive. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of the rhodopsin (Rho)/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway in the protective effects of fasudil on ALI in septic rats. A total of 60 Wistar rats were pretreated with fasudil (30 mg/kg) through intraperitoneal injections 1 h prior to cecal ligation and puncture. Administration of fasudil led to reductions in polymorphonuclear neutrophil counts, and the protein concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of rats with sepsis-induced ALI. The results demonstrated that fasudil decreased sepsis-induced bacteremia. In addition, fasudil effectively reduced the Evans blue content, wet/dry lung weight ratio, lung injury score, and expression levels of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase. However, the superoxide dismutase activity in the lung tissue of the rats was increased. Activated caspase-3 activity in lung tissue was reduced to 29% by fasudil. Furthermore, the expression of Rho and ROCK1 was significantly downregulated, and the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1 in lung tissues was markedly decreased, whereas the protein expression levels of zonula occludens 1 were increased in fasudil-treated rats (P<0.05). In the in vitro experiments, vascular endothelial growth factor, intracellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 secreted from human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were attenuated by fasudil. Fasudil also reduced the fluorescence intensity of filamentous actin induced by LPS. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that fasudil was able to improve endothelial permeability and inhibit inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis in order to alleviate ALI in septic rats through inhibition of the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Emergency Department, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Emergency Department, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Emergency Department, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Emergency Department, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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11
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Amato R, Dal Monte M, Lulli M, Raffa V, Casini G. Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Neuroprotective Substances for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:993-1003. [PMID: 28714394 PMCID: PMC6120116 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170717115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes, characterized by extensive vascular pathology leading to vision loss. Neuronal suffering and death are also present in the diabetic retina as a result of different molecular mechanisms that are compromised or modified in response to high glucose. The aim of this paper is to highlight recent data indicating that neurodegeneration is likely to play a primary role in the development of DR and that strategies based on nanomedicine may be exploited to deliver neuroprotection to the retina. METHODS An extensive analysis of the publications dealing with the role of neuroprotection in DR and with nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to the retina has been conducted using PubMed, with particular attention to the most recent papers. RESULTS There are important limitations related to possible systemic side effects of neuroprotective substances and to drug bioavailability in the retina such as, for instance, the amount of drug reaching the retina, the need of keeping to a minimum the number of administrations (especially, for example, in the case of intraocular injections) and the need of assuring a long-lasting, graded intraocular drug delivery. In recent years, a variety of investigations have been aimed at the exploitation of approaches of nanomedicine to enhance the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic activity of intraocularly delivered drugs. In particular, we provide some preliminary results that we have obtained about the feasibility of delivering magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with a neuroprotectant to mouse eyes through intraocular injections. CONCLUSION We propose that nanoparticles functionalized with neuroprotective substances may be used to protect the diabetic retina, thus causing an impact in the design of future pharmacologic treatments for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Casini
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via S. Zeno 31, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; Tel: ++39-050-2211423; E-mail:
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12
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Liakouli V, Elies J, El-Sherbiny YM, Scarcia M, Grant G, Abignano G, Derrett-Smith EC, Esteves F, Cipriani P, Emery P, Denton CP, Giacomelli R, Mavria G, Del Galdo F. Scleroderma fibroblasts suppress angiogenesis via TGF-β/caveolin-1 dependent secretion of pigment epithelium-derived factor. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 77:431-440. [PMID: 29259049 PMCID: PMC5867407 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterised by tissue fibrosis and vasculopathy with defective angiogenesis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays a major role in tissue fibrosis, including downregulation of caveolin-1 (Cav-1); however, its role in defective angiogenesis is less clear. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a major antiangiogenic factor, is abundantly secreted by SSc fibroblasts. Here, we investigated the effect of TGF-β and Cav-1 on PEDF expression and the role of PEDF in the ability of SSc fibroblasts to modulate angiogenesis. Methods PEDF and Cav-1 expression in fibroblasts and endothelial cells were evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry on human and mouse skin biopsies. PEDF and Cav-1 were silenced in cultured SSc and control fibroblasts using lentiviral short-hairpin RNAs. Organotypic fibroblast–endothelial cell co-cultures and matrigel assays were employed to assess angiogenesis. Results PEDF is highly expressed in myofibroblasts and reticular fibroblasts with low Cav-1 expression in SSc skin biopsies, and it is induced by TGF-β in vitro. SSc fibroblasts suppress angiogenesis in an organotypic model. This model is reproduced by silencing Cav-1 in normal dermal fibroblasts. Conversely, silencing PEDF in SSc fibroblasts rescues their antiangiogenic phenotype. Consistently, transgenic mice with TGF-β receptor hyperactivation show lower Cav-1 and higher PEDF expression levels in skin biopsies accompanied by reduced blood vessel density. Conclusions Our data reveal a new pathway by which TGF-β suppresses angiogenesis in SSc, through decreased fibroblast Cav-1 expression and subsequent PEDF secretion. This pathway may present a promising target for new therapeutic interventions in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Liakouli
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Jacobo Elies
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Yasser Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Margherita Scarcia
- Signal Transduction and Tumour Microenvironment Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gary Grant
- Signal Transduction and Tumour Microenvironment Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Giuseppina Abignano
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Rheumatology Department of Lucania, Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IReL), San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza, Italy.,Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IReL), San Carlo Hospital of Potenza, Potenza, Italy
| | - Emma C Derrett-Smith
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue, UCL Medical School Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Filomena Esteves
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paola Cipriani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue, UCL Medical School Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Georgia Mavria
- Signal Transduction and Tumour Microenvironment Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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13
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Imai A, Toriyama Y, Iesato Y, Hirabayashi K, Sakurai T, Kamiyoshi A, Ichikawa-Shindo Y, Kawate H, Tanaka M, Liu T, Xian X, Zhai L, Dai K, Tanimura K, Liu T, Cui N, Yamauchi A, Murata T, Shindo T. Adrenomedullin Suppresses Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Vascular Hyperpermeability and Inflammation in Retinopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:999-1015. [PMID: 28322199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is caused by blood-retinal barrier breakdown associated with retinal vascular hyperpermeability and inflammation, and it is the major cause of visual dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy. Adrenomedullin (ADM) is an endogenous peptide first identified as a strong vasodilator. ADM is expressed in the eyes and is up-regulated in various eye diseases, although the pathophysiological significance is largely unknown. We investigated the effect of ADM on DME. In Kimba mice, which overexpress human vascular endothelial growth factor in their retinas, the capillary dropout, vascular leakage, and vascular fragility characteristic of diabetic retinopathy were observed. Intravitreal or systemic administration of ADM to Kimba mice ameliorated both the capillary dropout and vascular leakage. Evaluation of the transendothelial electrical resistance and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability of an endothelial cell monolayer using TR-iBRB retinal capillary endothelial cells revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor enhanced vascular permeability but that co-administration of ADM suppressed the effect, in part by enhancing tight junction formation between endothelial cells. In addition, a comprehensive PCR array analysis showed that ADM administration suppressed various molecules related to inflammation and NF-κB signaling within retinas. From these results, we suggest that by exerting inhibitory effects on retinal inflammation, vascular permeability, and blood-retinal barrier breakdown, ADM could serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of DME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Imai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuichi Toriyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Iesato
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Hirabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakurai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akiko Kamiyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuka Ichikawa-Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hisaka Kawate
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Megumu Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Xian Xian
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Liuyu Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kun Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Keiya Tanimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Teng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Nanqi Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Toshinori Murata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan.
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14
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Hernández C, Dal Monte M, Simó R, Casini G. Neuroprotection as a Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Retinopathy. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:9508541. [PMID: 27123463 PMCID: PMC4830713 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9508541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a multifactorial progressive disease of the retina and a leading cause of vision loss. DR has long been regarded as a vascular disorder, although neuronal death and visual impairment appear before vascular lesions, suggesting an important role played by neurodegeneration in DR and the appropriateness of neuroprotective strategies. Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the main target of current therapies, is likely to be one of the first responses to retinal hyperglycemic stress and VEGF may represent an important survival factor in early phases of DR. Of central importance for clinical trials is the detection of retinal neurodegeneration in the clinical setting, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography seems the most indicated technique. Many substances have been tested in animal studies for their neuroprotective properties and for possible use in humans. Perhaps, the most intriguing perspective is the use of endogenous neuroprotective substances or nutraceuticals. Together, the data point to the central role of neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of DR and indicate neuroprotection as an effective strategy for treating this disease. However, clinical trials to determine not only the effectiveness and safety but also the compliance of a noninvasive route of drug administration are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hernández
- CIBERDEM (CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas) and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- *Cristina Hernández: and
| | - Massimo Dal Monte
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rafael Simó
- CIBERDEM (CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas) and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giovanni Casini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- *Giovanni Casini:
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15
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Şahin N, Apaydın N, Töz E, Sivrikoz ON, Genç M, Turan GA, Cengiz H, Eskicioğlu F. Comparison of the effects of letrozole and cabergoline on vascular permeability, ovarian diameter, ovarian tissue VEGF levels, and blood PEDF levels, in a rat model of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 293:1101-6. [PMID: 26690356 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of letrozole and cabergoline in a rat model of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). STUDY DESIGN In this prospective, controlled experimental study, the 28 female Wistar rats were divided into four subgroups (one non-stimulated control and three OHSS-positive groups: placebo, letrozole, and cabergoline). To induce OHSS, rats were injected with 10 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin from day 29 to day 32 of life, followed by subcutaneous injection of 30 IU hCG on day 33. Letrozole rats received with a single dose of 0.1 mg/kg letrozole via oral gavage, on the hCG day. Cabergoline rats received with a single dose of 100 µg/kg cabergoline via oral gavage, on the hCG day. All animals were compared in terms of body weight, vascular permeability (VP), ovarian diameter, ovarian tissue VEGF expression (assessed via immunohistochemical staining), and blood pigment epithelium-derived growth factor (PEDF) levels. RESULTS The OHSS-positive placebo group (group 2) exhibited the highest VP, ovarian diameter, extent of VEGF staining, and lowest PEDF level, as expected. No significant difference was evident between the letrozole and cabergoline groups in terms of any of body weight; VP; PEDF level; ovarian diameter; or the staining intensity of, or percentage staining for, VEGF in ovarian tissues. CONCLUSIONS Letrozole and cabergoline were equally effective to prevent OHSS, reducing the ovarian diameter, VP, and PEDF and VEGF levels to similar extents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Şahin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sifa University Medicine School, Sanayi cad. No: 7 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Nesin Apaydın
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, M.H. Tepecik Research and Education Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emrah Töz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, M.H. Tepecik Research and Education Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Mine Genç
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sifa University Medicine School, Sanayi cad. No: 7 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülüzar Arzu Turan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sifa University Medicine School, Sanayi cad. No: 7 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Cengiz
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Sifa University Medicine School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Eskicioğlu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, M.H. Manisa Public Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
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16
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Delayed Treatment with a Small Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor (PEDF) Peptide Prevents the Progression of Diabetic Renal Injury. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26207369 PMCID: PMC4514848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent publication showed that a small bioactive pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) peptide (P78-PEDF) prevents the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, its effects on the progression of established DN were not clear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of P78-PEDF in the progression of DN and to compare the effects of P78-PEDF and an ACE inhibitor (ACEi), a standard of care in DN. Experiments were conducted in Ins2Akita mice treated with P78-PEDF or captopril starting at 6 wks of age for 12 wks (early treatment) or starting at 12 wks of age for 6 wks (late treatment). We first established the optimal dose of the P78-PEDF peptide to ameliorate DN in Ins2Akita mouse for a 6 wk study period and found that the peptide was effective at 0.1- 0.5 µg/g/day. We next showed that early or late treatment with P78-PEDF resulted in protection from DN as indicated by reduced albuminuria, kidney macrophage recruitment, histological changes, inflammatory cytokines and fibrotic markers (kidney TNF-α, fibronectin, VEGFA and EGFR), and restored nephrin expression compared with vehicle-treated Ins2Akita mice. Interestingly, only early but not late treatment with captopril was as effective as P78-PEDF in reducing most DN complications, despite its lack of effect on nephrin, VEGFA and EGFR expression. These findings highlight the importance of P78-PEDF peptide as a potential therapeutic modality in both the development and progression of diabetic renal injury.
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17
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PEDF and its roles in physiological and pathological conditions: implication in diabetic and hypoxia-induced angiogenic diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:805-23. [PMID: 25881671 PMCID: PMC4557399 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a broadly expressed multifunctional member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) family. This widely studied protein plays critical roles in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including neuroprotection, angiogenesis, fibrogenesis and inflammation. The present review summarizes the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of PEDF in a variety of developing and adult organs, and discusses its functions in maintaining physiological homoeostasis. The major focus of the present review is to discuss the implication of PEDF in diabetic and hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, and the pathways mediating PEDF's effects under these conditions. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanisms of PEDF expression, function and degradation are also reviewed. Finally, the therapeutic potential of PEDF as an anti-angiogenic drug is briefly summarized.
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18
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Simó R, Hernández C. Novel approaches for treating diabetic retinopathy based on recent pathogenic evidence. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 48:160-80. [PMID: 25936649 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy remains as a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Current treatments target late stages of DR when vision has already been significantly affected. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of DR would permit the development of more efficient preventional/interventional strategies against early stages of DR. In this article a critical review of the state of the art of this issue is provided along with a discussion of problems which have yet to be overcome. Neuroprotection as a new approach for the treatment of the early stages of DR has been particularly emphasized. The development and progression of DR is not homogeneous and, apart from blood glucose levels and blood pressure, it depends on genetic factors which remain to be elucidated. In addition, the role of the pathogenic pathways is not the same in all patients. All these factors should be taken into account in the near future when an individualized oriented treatment for DR could become feasible. The new techniques in retinal imaging acquisition, the identification of useful circulating biomarkers and the individualized analysis of biological samples could facilitate the development of early and personalized therapy in the setting of DR. Finally, it should be noted that only a coordinated action among ophthalmologists, diabetologists, basic researchers, experts in pharmaco-economics and health care providers addressed to the design of rational strategies targeting prevention and the early stages of DR will be effective in reducing the burden and improving the clinical outcome of this devastating complication of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Simó
- CIBERDEM (CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas) and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Hernández
- CIBERDEM (CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas) and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Ma L, Tang SM, Rong SS, Chen H, Young AL, Kumaramanickavel G, Pang CP, Chen LJ. Association of PEDF polymorphisms with age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9497. [PMID: 25820866 PMCID: PMC4377572 DOI: 10.1038/srep09497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assesses the association of the pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) gene with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Publications in MEDLINE and EMBASE up to 21/08/2014 were searched for case-control association studies of PEDF with AMD and/or PCV. Reported studies giving adequate genotype and/or allele information were included. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of each polymorphism were estimated. Our literature search yielded 297 records. After excluding duplicates and reports with incomplete information, 8 studies were eligible for meta-analysis, involving 2284 AMD patients versus 3416 controls, and 317 PCV patients versus 371 controls. Four PEDF polymorphisms were meta-analyzed: rs1136287, rs12150053, rs12948385 and rs9913583, but none was significantly associated with AMD or PCV. The most-investigated polymorphism, rs1136287, had a pooled-OR of 1.02 (95% CI: 0.94-1.11, P = 0.64) for AMD. In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no significant association was identified. Polymorphisms present in single report showed no association. Therefore, existing data in literature does not support the role of PEDF in the genetic susceptibility of AMD and PCV, although replication in specific populations is warranted. Since the pooled-sample size for PCV was small, there is a need of PEDF genotyping in larger samples of PCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shu Min Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shi Song Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- The Shantou University/Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Alvin L Young
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Chi Pui Pang
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales hospital, Hong Kong, China [3] The Shantou University/Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales hospital, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Prophylactic vitamin D supplementation in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: an animal study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 292:421-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Ibrahim AS, Tawfik AM, Hussein KA, Elshafey S, Markand S, Rizk N, Duh EJ, Smith SB, Al-Shabrawey M. Pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits retinal microvascular dysfunction induced by 12/15-lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:290-8. [PMID: 25562624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that 12/15-lipoxygenase (LOX) derived metabolites, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), contribute to diabetic retinopathy (DR) via NADPH oxidase (NOX) and disruption of the balance in retinal levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). Here, we test whether PEDF ameliorates retinal vascular injury induced by HETEs and the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we pursue the causal relationship between LOX-NOX system and regulation of PEDF expression during DR. For these purposes, we used an experimental eye model in which normal mice were injected intravitreally with 12-HETE with/without PEDF. Thereafter, fluorescein angiography (FA) was used to evaluate the vascular leakage, followed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess the presence of angiogenesis. FA and OCT reported an increased vascular leakage and pre-retinal neovascularization, respectively, in response to 12-HETE that were not observed in the PEDF-treated group. Moreover, PEDF significantly attenuated the increased levels of vascular cell and intercellular adhesion molecules, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, elicited by 12-HETE injection. Accordingly, the direct relationship between HETEs and PEDF has been explored through in-vitro studies using Müller cells (rMCs) and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). The results showed that 12- and 15-HETEs triggered the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as activation of NFκB in rMCs and significantly increased permeability and reduced zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) immunoreactivity in HRECs. All these effects were prevented in PEDF-treated cells. Furthermore, interest in PEDF regulation during DR has been expanded to include NOX system. Retinal PEDF was significantly restored in diabetic mice treated with NOX inhibitor, apocynin, or lacking NOX2 up to 80% of the control level. Collectively, our findings suggest that interfering with LOX-NOX signaling opens up a new direction for treating DR by restoring endogenous PEDF that carries out multilevel vascular protective functions.
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MESH Headings
- 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors
- 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid/pharmacology
- Acetophenones/pharmacology
- Animals
- Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/genetics
- Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/metabolism
- Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase/genetics
- Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/drug therapy
- Diabetic Retinopathy/genetics
- Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism
- Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Ependymoglial Cells/drug effects
- Ependymoglial Cells/metabolism
- Ependymoglial Cells/pathology
- Eye Proteins/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/pharmacology
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Intravitreal Injections
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- NADPH Oxidase 2
- NADPH Oxidases/antagonists & inhibitors
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Retina/drug effects
- Retina/metabolism
- Retina/pathology
- Retinal Neovascularization/drug therapy
- Retinal Neovascularization/genetics
- Retinal Neovascularization/metabolism
- Retinal Neovascularization/pathology
- Serpins/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Zonula Occludens-1 Protein/genetics
- Zonula Occludens-1 Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Ibrahim
- Oral Biology and Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University (GRU), Augusta, GA, USA; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), GRU, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Amany M Tawfik
- Oral Biology and Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University (GRU), Augusta, GA, USA; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), GRU, Augusta, GA, USA; Cellular Biology and Anatomy, MCG, GRU, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Khaled A Hussein
- Oral Biology and Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University (GRU), Augusta, GA, USA; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), GRU, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sally Elshafey
- Oral Biology and Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University (GRU), Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shanu Markand
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), GRU, Augusta, GA, USA; Cellular Biology and Anatomy, MCG, GRU, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Nasser Rizk
- Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Elia J Duh
- Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sylvia B Smith
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), GRU, Augusta, GA, USA; Cellular Biology and Anatomy, MCG, GRU, Augusta, GA, USA; Ophthalmology, MCG, GRU, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Oral Biology and Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University (GRU), Augusta, GA, USA; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), GRU, Augusta, GA, USA; Cellular Biology and Anatomy, MCG, GRU, Augusta, GA, USA; Ophthalmology, MCG, GRU, Augusta, GA, USA.
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PENTRAXIN 3 AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY FACTORS IN CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION AND MACULAR EDEMA. Retina 2014; 34:352-9. [PMID: 23842103 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0b013e3182993d74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Szabadfi K, Pinter E, Reglodi D, Gabriel R. Neuropeptides, trophic factors, and other substances providing morphofunctional and metabolic protection in experimental models of diabetic retinopathy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 311:1-121. [PMID: 24952915 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800179-0.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vision is the most important sensory modality for many species, including humans. Damage to the retina results in vision loss or even blindness. One of the most serious complications of diabetes, a disease that has seen a worldwide increase in prevalence, is diabetic retinopathy. This condition stems from consequences of pathological metabolism and develops in 75% of patients with type 1 and 50% with type 2 diabetes. The development of novel protective drugs is essential. In this review we provide a description of the disease and conclude that type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes lead to the same retinopathy. We evaluate existing experimental models and recent developments in finding effective compounds against this disorder. In our opinion, the best models are the long-term streptozotocin-induced diabetes and Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty and spontaneously diabetic Torii rats, while the most promising substances are topically administered somatostatin and pigment epithelium-derived factor analogs, antivasculogenic substances, and systemic antioxidants. Future drug development should focus on these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Szabadfi
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Erika Pinter
- Janos Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, PTE MTA Lendulet-PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Robert Gabriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Matsui T, Higashimoto Y, Yamagishi SI. Laminin receptor mediates anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombogenic effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor in myeloma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 443:847-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Hazama T, Fukami K, Yamagishi SI, Kusumoto T, Sakai K, Adachi T, Sonoda K, Kasuga S, Ueda S, Okuda S. Dialysate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Is an Independent Determinant of Serum Albumin Levels and Predicts Future Withdrawal From Peritoneal Dialysis in Uremic Patients. Ther Apher Dial 2013; 18:391-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Hazama
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Japan
| | - Kei Fukami
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Japan
| | - Sho-ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Japan
| | - Takuo Kusumoto
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Japan
| | - Takeki Adachi
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sonoda
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Japan
| | - Syumon Kasuga
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Japan
| | - Seiji Ueda
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Japan
| | - Seiya Okuda
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Japan
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Matsui T, Higashimoto Y, Taira J, Yamagishi SI. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) binds to caveolin-1 and inhibits the pro-inflammatory effects of caveolin-1 in endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:405-10. [PMID: 24161393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) exerts atheroprotective effects both in cell culture and animal models through its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Caveolin-1 (Cav), a major protein component of caveolae in endothelial cells (ECs), plays a role in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, effects of PEDF on Cav-exposed ECs remain unknown. In this study, we examined whether and how PEDF could inhibit the Cav-induced inflammatory and thrombogenic reactions in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). Surface plasmon resonance revealed that PEDF bound to Cav at the dissociation constant of 7.36×10(-7) M. Further, one of the major Cav-interacting proteins in human serum was identified as PEDF by peptide mass fingerprinting analysis using BIAcore 1000 combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Exogenously added Cav was taken up into the membrane fraction of HUVECs and dose-dependently increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA levels, all of which were blocked by the simultaneous treatment with 10nM PEDF. Small interfering RNAs directed against Cav decreased endogenous Cav levels and suppressed gene expression of MCP-1, VCAM-1 and PAI-1 in HUVECs. This study indicates that PEDF binds to Cav and could block the inflammatory and thrombogenic reactions in Cav-exposed HUVECs. Our present study suggests that atheroprotective effects of PEDF might be partly ascribed to its Cav-interacting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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27
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Awad AS, Gao T, Gvritishvili A, You H, Liu Y, Cooper TK, Reeves WB, Tombran-Tink J. Protective role of small pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) peptide in diabetic renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F891-900. [PMID: 23884140 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00149.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional protein with antiangiogenic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties. PEDF is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, but its direct role in the kidneys remains unclear. We hypothesize that a PEDF fragment (P78-PEDF) confers kidney protection in diabetic nephropathy (DN). The localization of the full-length PEDF protein were determined in DBA mice following multiple low doses of streptozotocin. Using immunohistochemistry, PEDF was localized in the kidney vasculature, interstitial space, glomeruli, tubules, and renal medulla. Kidney PEDF protein and mRNA expression were significantly reduced in diabetic mice. Continuous infusion of P78-PEDF for 6 wk resulted in protection from diabetic neuropathy as indicated by reduced albuminuria and blood urea nitrogen, increased nephrin expression, decreased kidney macrophage recruitment and inflammatory cytokines, and reduced histological changes compared with vehicle-treated diabetic mice. In vitro, P78-PEDF blocked the increase in podocyte permeability to albumin and disruption of the actin cytoskeleton induced by puromycin aminonucleoside treatment. These findings highlight the importance of P78-PEDF peptide as a potential therapeutic modality in early phase diabetic renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S Awad
- Associate Professor of Medicine, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State Univ., Hershey Medical Center, College of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, H040, 500 Univ. Drive, P.O. Box 850, BMR Bldg., C5830, Hershey, PA 17033.
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28
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Kim HS, Kim YH, Mok JW, Joo CK. Genetic association of VEGF and PEDF polymorphisms with age-related macular degeneration in Korean. Genes Genomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-013-0090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Zhang F, Dai M, Neng L, Zhang JH, Zhi Z, Fridberger A, Shi X. Perivascular macrophage-like melanocyte responsiveness to acoustic trauma--a salient feature of strial barrier associated hearing loss. FASEB J 2013; 27:3730-40. [PMID: 23729595 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-232892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue perivascular resident macrophages (PVM/Ms), a hybrid cell type with characteristics of both macrophages and melanocytes, are critical for establishing and maintaining the endocochlear potential (EP) required for hearing. The PVM/Ms modulate expression of tight- and adherens-junction proteins in the endothelial barrier of the stria vascularis (intrastrial fluid-blood barrier) through secretion of a signaling molecule, pigment epithelium growth factor (PEDF). Here, we identify a significant link between abnormalities in PVM/Ms and endothelial barrier breakdown from acoustic trauma to the mouse ear. We find that acoustic trauma causes activation of PVM/Ms and physical detachment from capillary walls. Concurrent with the detachment, we find loosened tight junctions between endothelial cells and decreased production of tight- and adherens-junction protein, resulting in leakage of serum proteins from the damaged barrier. A key factor in the intrastrial fluid-blood barrier hyperpermeability exhibited in the mice is down-regulation of PVM/M modulated PEDF production. We demonstrate that delivery of PEDF to the damaged ear ameliorates hearing loss by restoring intrastrial fluid-blood barrier integrity. PEDF up-regulates expression of tight junction-associated proteins (ZO-1 and VE-cadherin) and PVM/M stabilizing neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM-120). These studies point to the critical role PVM/Ms play in regulating intrastrial fluid-blood barrier integrity in healthy and noise-damaged ears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
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Liu X, Chen HH, Zhang LW. Potential therapeutic effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor for treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:221-7. [PMID: 23638428 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.02.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major micro-vascular complication of diabetes, has emerged as a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness among working adults in the worldwide. The pathobiology of DR involves multiple molecular pathways and is characterized chronic neurovascular degeneration. Current approaches to prevent or to treat DR are still far from satisfactory. Therefore, it is important to develop new therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment to DR. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a 50-kDa secreted glycoprotein, has been described as a multi-functional protein. Some emerging evidences indicate that PEDF are able to target multiple pathways exerting neurotropic, neuroprotective, anti-angiogenic, antivasopermeability, anti-inflammation, anti-thrombogenic and anti-oxidative effects in DR. In this review, we addressed the functions of PEDF in different pathways, which could lead to potential therapeutics on the treatment to DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institution of Ophthalmic Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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Neurovascular protection by targeting early blood-brain barrier disruption with neurotrophic factors after ischemia-reperfusion in rats*. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:557-66. [PMID: 23299242 PMCID: PMC3618392 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The 'new penumbra' concept imbues the transition between injury and repair at the neurovascular unit with profound implications for selecting the appropriate type and timing of neuroprotective interventions. In this conceptual study, we investigated the protective effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and compared them with the properties of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. We initiated a delayed intervention 3 hours after reperfusion using equimolar amounts of PEDF and EGF. These agents were then administered intravenously for 4 hours following reperfusion after 1 hour of focal ischemia. Magnetic resonance imaging indices were characterized, and imaging was performed at multiple time points post reperfusion. PEDF and EGF reduced lesion volumes at all time points as observed on T2-weighted images (T2-LVs). In addition PEDF selectively attenuated lesion volume expansion at 48 hours after reperfusion and persistently modulated blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability at all time points. Intervention with peptides is suspected to cause edema formation at distant regions. The observed T2-LV reduction and BBB modulation by these trophic factors is probably mediated through a number of diverse mechanisms. A thorough evaluation of neurotrophins is still necessary to determine their time-dependent contributions against injury and their modulatory effects on repair after stroke.
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Seki R, Yamagishi SI, Matsui T, Yoshida T, Torimura T, Ueno T, Sata M, Okamura T. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits survival and proliferation of VEGF-exposed multiple myeloma cells through its anti-oxidative properties. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431:693-7. [PMID: 23375814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been reported not only to induce angiogenesis within the bone marrow, but also directly stimulate the proliferation and survival of multiple myeloma cells, thus being involved in the development and progression of this second most common hematological malignancy. We, along with others, have found that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has anti-angiogenic and anti-vasopermeability properties both in cell culture and animal models by counteracting the biological actions of VEGF. However, effects of PEDF on VEGF-exposed myeloma cells remain unknown. In this study, we examined whether and how PEDF could inhibit the VEGF-induced proliferation and survival of myeloma cells. PEDF, a glutathione peroxidase mimetic, ebselen, or an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, diphenylene iodonium significantly inhibited the VEGF-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, increase in anti-apoptotic and growth-promoting factor, myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) expression, and proliferation in U266 myeloma cells. VEGF blocked apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells isolated from patients, which was prevented by PEDF. PEDF also reduced p22phox levels in VEGF-exposed U266 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of dominant-negative human Rac-1 mutant mimicked the effects of PEDF on ROS generation and Mcl-1 expression in U266 cells. Our present study suggests that PEDF could block the VEGF-induced proliferation and survival of multiple myeloma U266 cells through its anti-oxidative properties via suppression of p22phox, one of the membrane components of NADPH oxidase. Suppression of VEGF signaling by PEDF may be a novel therapeutic target for multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Seki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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Jan R, Huang M, Lewis-Wambi J. Loss of pigment epithelium-derived factor: a novel mechanism for the development of endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R146. [PMID: 23151593 PMCID: PMC3906603 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the benefits of endocrine therapies such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors in treating estrogen receptor (ER) alpha-positive breast cancer, many tumors eventually become resistant. The molecular mechanisms governing resistance remain largely unknown. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional secreted glycoprotein that displays broad anti-tumor activity based on dual targeting of the tumor microenvironment (anti-angiogenic action) and the tumor cells (direct anti-tumor action). Recent studies indicate that PEDF expression is significantly reduced in several tumor types, including breast cancer, and that its reduction is associated with disease progression and poor patient outcome. In the current study, we investigated the role of PEDF in the development of endocrine resistance in breast cancer. METHODS PEDF mRNA and protein levels were measured in several endocrine-resistant breast cancer cell lines including MCF-7:5C, MCF-7:2A, and BT474 and in endocrine-sensitive cell lines MCF-7, T47D, and ZR-75-1 using real-time PCR and western blot analyses. Tissue microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the PEDF protein level in tamoxifen-resistant breast tumors versus primary tumors. Lentiviruses were used to stably express PEDF in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cell lines to determine their sensitivity to tamoxifen following PEDF re-expression. RESULTS We found that PEDF mRNA and protein levels were dramatically reduced in endocrine-resistant MCF-7:5C, MCF-7:2A, and BT474 breast cancer cells compared with endocrine-sensitive MCF-7, T47D, and ZR-75-1 cells, and that loss of PEDF was associated with enhanced expression of pSer167ERα and the receptor tyrosine kinase rearranged during transfection (RET). Importantly, we found that silencing endogenous PEDF in tamoxifen-sensitive MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells conferred tamoxifen resistance whereas re-expression of PEDF in endocrine-resistant MCF-7:5C and MCF-7:2A cells restored their sensitivity to tamoxifen in vitro and in vivo through suppression of RET. Lastly, tissue microarray studies revealed that PEDF protein was reduced in ~52.4% of recurrence tumors (31 out of 59 samples) and loss of PEDF was associated with disease progression and poor patient outcome. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings suggest that PEDF silencing might be a novel mechanism for the development of endocrine resistance in breast cancer and that PEDF expression might be a predictive marker of endocrine sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Jan
- Cancer Biology Program, The Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Joan Lewis-Wambi
- Cancer Biology Program, The Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Perivascular-resident macrophage-like melanocytes in the inner ear are essential for the integrity of the intrastrial fluid-blood barrier. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:10388-93. [PMID: 22689949 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205210109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of the cochlea is maintained by the barrier between the systemic circulation and the fluids inside the stria vascularis. However, the mechanisms that control the permeability of the intrastrial fluid-blood barrier remain largely unknown. The barrier comprises endothelial cells connected to each other by tight junctions and an underlying basement membrane. In a recent study, we found that the intrastrial fluid-blood barrier also includes a large number of perivascular cells with both macrophage and melanocyte characteristics. The perivascular-resident macrophage-like melanocytes (PVM/Ms) are in close contact with vessels through cytoplasmic processes. Here we demonstrate that PVM/Ms have an important role in maintaining the integrity of the intrastrial fluid-blood barrier and hearing function. Using a cell culture-based in vitro model and a genetically induced PVM/M-depleted animal model, we show that absence of PVM/Ms increases the permeability of the intrastrial fluid-blood barrier to both low- and high-molecular-weight tracers. The increased permeability is caused by decreased expression of pigment epithelial-derived factor, which regulates expression of several tight junction-associated proteins instrumental to barrier integrity. When tested for endocochlear potential and auditory brainstem response, PVM/M-depleted animals show substantial drop in endocochlear potential with accompanying hearing loss. Our results demonstrate a critical role for PVM/Ms in regulating the permeability of the intrastrial fluid-blood barrier for establishing a normal endocochlear potential hearing threshold.
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Noma H, Funatsu H, Mimura T. Pigment epithelium-derived factor is related to macular microcirculation in patients with macular edema and branch retinal vein occlusion. Int Ophthalmol 2012; 32:485-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-012-9584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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PEDF in diabetic retinopathy: a protective effect of oxidative stress. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:580687. [PMID: 22570532 PMCID: PMC3335847 DOI: 10.1155/2012/580687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in working age adults, and oxidative stress plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of DR. Pigment-epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a multifunctional protein, has shown to inhibit the development of DR by accumulating evidence. This paper highlights the current understanding of probable mechanism about how PEDF blocks the deterioration of DR through its antioxidative properties and application prospects of PEDF as a novel therapeutic target in DR. Gene therapy of PEDF is becoming more and more acceptable and will widely be applied to the actual treatment in the near future.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether vascular endothelial growth factor, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and pigment epithelium-derived factor are associated with serous retinal detachment (SRD) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. METHODS The subjects were 44 branch retinal vein occlusion patients with macular edema and 16 controls. Patients were divided into 2 groups by optical coherence tomography findings, that is, 18 patients with SRD and 26 with cystoid macular edema. The area of capillary nonperfusion was measured with fluorescein angiography and Scion Image software. Vitreous fluid samples obtained during pars plana vitrectomy were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The incidence of major branch retinal vein occlusion was significantly higher in SRD patients (17/18, 94%) than in cystoid macular edema patients (15/26, 58%, P = 0.007), while the nonperfused retinal area was significantly larger in SRD patients (P = 0.006). Vitreous fluid levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) showed a significant increase across the 3 groups (control group, cystoid macular edema group, and SRD group) (P trend < 0.001 and P trend < 0.001, respectively), while the pigment epithelium-derived factor level showed a significant decrease across the 3 groups (P trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION An excessive increase of vascular permeability secondary to upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) along with downregulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor may contribute to the development of SRD in BRVO patients.
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Vitreous inflammatory factors and serous retinal detachment in central retinal vein occlusion: a case control series. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2011; 8:38. [PMID: 22152024 PMCID: PMC3253063 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-8-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background This study investigated whether the vitreous fluid levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2), pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) were associated with the occurrence of serous retinal detachment (SRD) in patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Methods We recruited 33 patients with CRVO and macular edema, as well as 18 controls with nonischemic ocular diseases. Eighteen of the 33 patients with CRVO showed SRD on optical coherence tomography of the macula (defined as subretinal accumulation of fluid with low reflectivity), while the other 15 patients only had cystoid macular edema (CME, defined as hyporeflective intraretinal cavities). Retinal ischemia was evaluated by measuring the area of capillary non-perfusion using fluorescein angiography and the public domain Scion Image program, while central macular thickness (CMT) was examined by optical coherence tomography. Vitreous fluid samples were obtained during pars plana vitrectomy and levels of the target molecules were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Ischemia was significantly more common in the SRD group (17/18 patients) than in the CME group (5/15 patients) (P < 0.001). The vitreous fluid level of sICAM-1 increased significantly across the three groups from the control group (4.98 ± 1.73 ng/ml) to the CME group (15.4 ± 10.1 ng/ml) and the SRD group (27.1 ± 17.7 ng/ml) (ptrend< 0.001). The vitreous fluid level of sVEGFR-2 also showed a significant increase across the three groups (1083 ± 541 pg/ml, 1181 ± 522 pg/ml, and 1535 ± 617 pg/ml, respectively, ptrend = 0.019). On the other hand, the vitreous fluid level of PEDF showed a significant decrease across the three groups (56.4 ± 40.0 ng/ml, 24.3 ± 17.3 ng/ml, and 16.4 ± 12.6 ng/ml, respectively, ptrend< 0.001). Conclusions Higher levels of inflammatory factors (sICAM-1 and sVEGFR-2) and lower levels of anti-inflammatory PEDF were observed in macular edema patients with SRD, suggesting that inflammation plays a key role in determining the severity of CRVO.
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Noma H, Funatsu H, Mimura T, Eguchi S, Shimada K. Influence of vitreous factors after vitrectomy for macular edema in patients with central retinal vein occlusion. Int Ophthalmol 2011; 31:393-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-011-9480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Maarouf CL, Daugs ID, Kokjohn TA, Walker DG, Hunter JM, Kruchowsky JC, Woltjer R, Kaye J, Castaño EM, Sabbagh MN, Beach TG, Roher AE. Alzheimer's disease and non-demented high pathology control nonagenarians: comparing and contrasting the biochemistry of cognitively successful aging. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27291. [PMID: 22087282 PMCID: PMC3210154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid cascade hypothesis provides an economical mechanistic explanation for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and correlated neuropathology. However, some nonagenarian individuals (high pathology controls, HPC) remain cognitively intact while enduring high amyloid plaque loads for decades. If amyloid accumulation is the prime instigator of neurotoxicity and dementia, specific protective mechanisms must enable these HPC to evade cognitive decline. We evaluated the neuropathological and biochemical differences existing between non-demented (ND)-HPC and an age-matched cohort with AD dementia. The ND-HPC selected for our study were clinically assessed as ND and possessed high amyloid plaque burdens. ELISA and Western blot analyses were used to quantify a group of proteins related to APP/Aβ/tau metabolism and other neurotrophic and inflammation-related molecules that have been found to be altered in neurodegenerative disorders and are pivotal to brain homeostasis and mental health. The molecules assumed to be critical in AD dementia, such as soluble or insoluble Aβ40, Aβ42 and tau were quantified by ELISA. Interestingly, only Aβ42 demonstrated a significant increase in ND-HPC when compared to the AD group. The vascular amyloid load which was not used in the selection of cases, was on the average almost 2-fold greater in AD than the ND-HPC, suggesting that a higher degree of microvascular dysfunction and perfusion compromise was present in the demented cohort. Neurofibrillary tangles were less frequent in the frontal cortices of ND-HPC. Biochemical findings included elevated vascular endothelial growth factor, apolipoprotein E and the neuroprotective factor S100B in ND-HPC, while anti-angiogenic pigment epithelium derived factor levels were lower. The lack of clear Aβ-related pathological/biochemical demarcation between AD and ND-HPC suggests that in addition to amyloid plaques other factors, such as neurofibrillary tangle density and vascular integrity, must play important roles in cognitive failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chera L. Maarouf
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ian D. Daugs
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Tyler A. Kokjohn
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Douglas G. Walker
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jesse M. Hunter
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jane C. Kruchowsky
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Randy Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Kaye
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, United States of America
| | | | - Marwan N. Sabbagh
- Cleo Roberts Center for Clinical Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Thomas G. Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Alex E. Roher
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, United States of America
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Wu K, Wen F, Zuo C, Li M, Zhang X, Chen H, Zeng R. Lack of association with PEDF Met72Thr variant in neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in a Han Chinese population. Curr Eye Res 2011; 37:68-72. [PMID: 22029535 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2011.618289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether Met72Thr (rs1136287), a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant of the pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) gene, is associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in a Han Chinese cohort. METHODS We genotyped Met72Thr (rs1136287) in persons of Han Chinese descent: 177 PCV patients, 131 nAMD patients, and 182 control persons. Genotyping was accomplished using the Multiplex SNaPshot system and by direct DNA sequencing. Genotypes and allele frequencies of patients and controls were evaluated for the SNP using PLINK software. RESULTS The minor allele frequency of the PEDF Met72Thr variant did not differ significantly between either PCV or nAMD and the control group: p = 0.3822 and p = 0.9822, respectively. The p-values for the additive, dominant, and recessive models were not statistically significant for PCV or nAMD. CONCLUSIONS No evidence was found to support a role for the Met72Thr variant in susceptibility to either PCV or nAMD in a Han Chinese cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunfang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Anguissola S, McCormack WJ, Morrin MA, Higgins WJ, Fox DM, Worrall DM. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) interacts with transportin SR2, and active nuclear import is facilitated by a novel nuclear localization motif. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26234. [PMID: 22028839 PMCID: PMC3196545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PEDF (Pigment epithelium-derived factor) is a non-inhibitory member of the serpin gene family (serpinF1) that displays neurotrophic and anti-angiogenic properties. PEDF contains a secretion signal sequence, but although originally regarded as a secreted extracellular protein, endogenous PEDF is found in the cytoplasm and nucleus of several mammalian cell types. In this study we employed a yeast two-hybrid interaction trap screen to identify transportin-SR2, a member of the importin-β family of nuclear transport karyopherins, as a putative PEDF binding partner. The interaction was supported in vitro by GST-pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation. Following transfection of HEK293 cells with GFP-tagged PEDF the protein was predominantly localised to the nucleus, suggesting that active import of PEDF occurs. A motif (YxxYRVRS) shared by PEDF and the unrelated transportin-SR2 substrate, RNA binding motif protein 4b, was identified and we investigated its potential as a nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence. Site-directed mutagenesis of this helix A motif in PEDF resulted in a GFP-tagged mutant protein being excluded from the nucleus, and mutation of two arginine residues (R67, R69) was sufficient to abolish nuclear import and PEDF interaction with transportin-SR2. These results suggest a novel NLS and mechanism for serpinF1 nuclear import, which may be critical for anti-angiogenic and neurotrophic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Anguissola
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William J. McCormack
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle A. Morrin
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wayne J. Higgins
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denise M. Fox
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D. Margaret Worrall
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Advanced glycation end products and diabetic retinopathy. Amino Acids 2011; 44:1397-407. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cai J, Wu L, Qi X, Li Calzi S, Caballero S, Shaw L, Ruan Q, Grant MB, Boulton ME. PEDF regulates vascular permeability by a γ-secretase-mediated pathway. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21164. [PMID: 21695048 PMCID: PMC3117873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability is an inciting event in many vascular complications including diabetic retinopathy. We have previously reported that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is able to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis through a novel γ-secretase-dependent pathway. In this study, we asked whether inhibition of VEGF-induced permeability by PEDF is also γ-secretase-mediated and to dissect the potential mechanisms involved. Vascular permeability was assessed in vitro by measuring transendothelial resistance and paracellular permeability to dextran and in vivo by following leakage of intravenous FITC-labelled albumin into the retina in the presence or absence of VEGF and PEDF in varying combinations. Experiments were undertaken in the presence or absence of a γ-secretase inhibitor. To assess junctional integrity immunohistochemistry for the adherens junction (AJ) proteins, VE-cadherin and β-catenin, and the tight junction (TJ) protein, claudin-5 was undertaken using cultured cells and flat mount retinas. Protein expression and the association between AJ proteins, VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) and γ-secretase constituents were determined by immunoprecipitation and Western Blot analysis. In selected experiments the effect of hypoxia on junctional integrity was also assessed. PEDF inhibition of VEGF-induced permeability, both in cultured microvascular endothelial cell monolayers and in vivo in the mouse retinal vasculature, is mediated by γ-secretase. PEDF acted by a) preventing dissociation of AJ and TJ proteins and b) regulating both the association of VEGF receptors with AJ proteins and the subsequent phosphorylation of the AJ proteins, VE-cadherin and β-catenin. Association of γ-secretase with AJ proteins appears to be critical in the regulation of vascular permeability. Although hypoxia increased VEGFR expression there was a significant dissociation of VEGFR from AJ proteins. In conclusion, PEDF regulates VEGF-induced vascular permeability via a novel γ-secretase dependent pathway and targeting downstream effectors of PEDF action may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing or ameliorating increased vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiaoping Qi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sergio Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lynn Shaw
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Qing Ruan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Boulton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yamagishi SI, Maeda S, Matsui T, Ueda S, Fukami K, Okuda S. Role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidative stress in vascular complications in diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:663-71. [PMID: 21440603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and amino groups of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids contributes to the aging of macromolecules, whose process has been known to progress at an accelerated rate under hyperglycemic and/or oxidative stress conditions. Over a course of days to weeks, early glycation products undergo further reactions such as rearrangements and dehydration to become irreversibly cross-linked, fluorescent protein derivatives termed advanced glycation end products (AGEs). SCOPE OF REVIEW In this paper, we review the role of AGE-oxidative stress axis and its therapeutic interventions in vascular complications in diabetes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AGEs elicit oxidative stress generation and subsequently cause inflammatory and thrombogenic reactions in various types of cells via interaction with a receptor for AGEs (RAGE), thereby being involved in vascular complications in diabetes. In addition, mitochondrial superoxide generation has been shown to play an important role in the formation and accumulation of AGEs under diabetic conditions. Further, we have recently found that a pathophysiological crosstalk between AGE-RAGE axis and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) could contribute to the progression of vascular damage in diabetes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These observations suggest that inhibition of AGE-RAGE-oxidative stress axis or blockade of its interaction with RAS is a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing vascular complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
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Takamiya Y, Oikawa Y, Hirose H, Shimada A, Itoh H. Higher level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy hospitalized for hyperglycemic state. Diabetol Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13340-011-0019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Noma H, Funatsu H, Mimura T, Eguchi S, Shimada K. Visual prognosis and vitreous molecules after vitrectomy for macular edema with branch retinal vein occlusion. Clin Ophthalmol 2011; 5:223-9. [PMID: 21386915 PMCID: PMC3046992 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s16552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) influence the visual prognosis of patients with macular edema and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). In 47 consecutive patients (47 eyes) undergoing vitrectomy, retinal thickness was examined by optical coherence tomography. Best-corrected visual acuity and the vitreous fluid levels of VEGF, sICAM-1, and PEDF were also determined. Patients were followed for at least 6 months after surgery. Vitreous fluid levels of VEGF and sICAM-1 were significantly lower in the patients with more marked improvement of visual acuity after vitrectomy, while PEDF was significantly higher. VEGF and sICAM-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with greater postoperative improvement of macular edema, while PEDF was significantly lower. In BRVO patients, vitreous fluid levels of VEGF, sICAM-1, and PEDF may influence both the response of macular edema to vitrectomy and the visual prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Noma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yachiyo Medical Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo, Chiba, Japan
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Liu X, Lin Z, Zhou T, Zong R, He H, Liu Z, Ma JX, Liu Z, Zhou Y. Anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of SERPINA3K on corneal injury. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16712. [PMID: 21304961 PMCID: PMC3031620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SERPINA3K is a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (SERPIN) family. Here we evaluated the therapeutic effects of SERPINA3K on neovascularization and inflammation in a rat cornea alkali burn model that is commonly employed to study corneal wounding. Topical treatment of the injured rat cornea with SERPINA3K (20 µg/eye/day) for 7 days significantly decreased the neovascular area, compared with the groups treated with BSA or PBS. The SERPINA3K treatment also ameliorated the corneal inflammation as evaluated by the inflammatory index. Furthermore, SERPINA3K enhanced the recovery of corneal epithelium after the alkali injury. Toward the mechanism of action, SERPINA3K down-regulated the expression of the pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-α and up-regulated the expression of the anti-angiogenic factor, pigment epithelium-derived factor. SERPINA3K specifically inhibited growth of vascular endothelial cells. Meanwhile, SERPINA3K significantly up-regulated the expression of EGFR in the corneal epithelium. These findings suggest that SERPINA3K has therapeutic potential for corneal inflammation and NV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhirong Lin
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Ronrong Zong
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui He
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian-xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail: (ZLiu); (YZ)
| | - Yueping Zhou
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail: (ZLiu); (YZ)
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Noma H, Funatsu H, Mimura T, Eguchi S, Shimada K, Hori S. Vitreous Levels of Pigment Epithelium–Derived Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Macular Edema with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion. Curr Eye Res 2011; 36:256-63. [PMID: 21275514 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2010.513090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Noma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yachiyo Medical Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo, Chiba, Japan.
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Yu H, Chen L, Jiang J. Administration of pigment epithelium-derived factor delivered by adeno-associated virus inhibits blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic rats. Mol Vis 2010; 16:2384-94. [PMID: 21139695 PMCID: PMC2994733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of the recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector that expresses human pigment epithelium-derived factor (hPEDF) on reducing blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown in the experimental diabetic rat model. METHODS Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) into 10-week-old male Wister rats. rAAV2-cytomegalovirus (CMV)-hPEDF was delivered into the right eyes by intravitreal injection on the first day after diabetes induction. The contralateral eyes received intravitreal injection of rAAV2-CMV-green fluorescent protein as the paired control. Gene delivery and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), occludin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were determined with reverse transciptase PCR or western blotting. BRB breakdown changes were quantified by measuring albumin leakage from retinal blood vessels after an intravenous (i.v.) injection of Evans blue albumin. RESULTS Retinal transfection with the hPEDF gene construct led to sustained hPEDF gene expression for 6 months, significantly suppressing VEGF mRNA expression in the retina after 1, 3, and 6 months of diabetes induced by STZ compared with paired controls. Moreover, hPEDF dramatically reduced the levels of retinal ICAM-1 but increased the expression of occludin. Furthermore, BRB breakdown was much lower in hPEDF-injected diabetic animals in comparison with controls after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS A single intravitreal injection of rAAV2-CMV-hPEDF can relieve BRB breakdown in STZ-induced diabetic rats for 6 months. The effect is associated with downregulation of retinal VEGF mRNA and ICAM-1 expression and a reduction in the loss of retinal occludin induced by diabetes. The approach of gene transfer may reduce diabetic macular edema, providing long-term protection for diabetic patients at risk of macular edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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