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Kahnt AS, Häfner AK, Steinhilber D. The role of human 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) in carcinogenesis - a question of canonical and non-canonical functions. Oncogene 2024; 43:1319-1327. [PMID: 38575760 PMCID: PMC11065698 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO), a fatty acid oxygenase, is the central enzyme in leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis, potent arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators released by innate immune cells, that control inflammatory and allergic responses. In addition, through interaction with 12- and 15-lipoxgenases, the enzyme is involved in the formation of omega-3 fatty acid-based oxylipins, which are thought to be involved in the resolution of inflammation. The expression of 5-LO is frequently deregulated in solid and liquid tumors, and there is strong evidence that the enzyme plays an important role in carcinogenesis. However, global inhibition of LT formation and signaling has not yet shown the desired success in clinical trials. Curiously, the release of 5-LO-derived lipid mediators from tumor cells is often low, and the exact mechanism by which 5-LO influences tumor cell function is poorly understood. Recent data now show that in addition to releasing oxylipins, 5-LO can also influence gene expression in a lipid mediator-independent manner. These non-canonical functions, including modulation of miRNA processing and transcription factor shuttling, most likely influence cancer cell function and the tumor microenvironment and might explain the low clinical efficacy of pharmacological strategies that previously only targeted oxylipin formation and signaling by 5-LO. This review summarizes the canonical and non-canonical functions of 5-LO with a particular focus on tumorigenesis, highlights unresolved issues, and suggests future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Kahnt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Ann-Kathrin Häfner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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2
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Becker A, Filipp M, Lantz C, Glinton K, Thorp EB. HIF-1α is Required to Differentiate the Neonatal Macrophage Secretome from Adults. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.591000. [PMID: 38712137 PMCID: PMC11071477 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.591000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The immune response to stress diverges with age, with neonatal macrophages implicated in tissue regeneration versus tissue scarring and maladaptive inflammation in adults. Integral to the macrophage stress response is the recognition of hypoxia and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are often coupled. The age-specific, cell-intrinsic nature of this stress response remains vague. To uncover age-defined divergences in macrophage crosstalk potential after exposure to hypoxia and PAMPs, we interrogated the secreted proteomes of neonatal versus adult macrophages via non-biased mass spectrometry. Through this approach, we newly identified age-specific signatures in the secretomes of neonatal versus adult macrophages in response to hypoxia and the prototypical PAMP, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Neonatal macrophages polarized to an anti-inflammatory, regenerative phenotype protective against apoptosis and oxidative stress, dependent on hypoxia inducible transcription factor-1α ( HIF-1α). In contrast, adult macrophages adopted a pro-inflammatory, glycolytic phenotypic signature consistent with pathogen killing. Taken together, these data uncover fundamental age and HIF-1α dependent macrophage programs that may be targeted to calibrate the innate immune response during stress and inflammation.
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3
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Wang X, Bai Y, Wang B. Coactosin-Like Protein 1 (COTL1) Could Be an Immunological and Prognostic Biomarker: From Pan-Cancer Analysis to Low-Grade Glioma Validation. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1805-1820. [PMID: 38523681 PMCID: PMC10960547 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s453509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer represents a widespread global health challenge impacting millions of individuals worldwide. Identifying new targets for cancer treatment is a crucial step in developing more effective therapies. Among these potential targets, Coactosin-like protein 1 (COTL1), a cytoskeleton-associated protein with critical roles in cell migration, adhesion, and signaling, has shown involvement in tumor progression. Methods GSCA, TIMER, SangerBox database were used to explore the COTL1 expression across different tumor types. We employed the TCGA Pan-Atlas Cancer Genomics Dataset, which is available through the cBioportal platform, to explore genetic alterations in COTL1. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of COTL1, encompassing gene expression, clinical prognosis, RNA modification, immunotherapy, and cancer stemness through SangerBox database. Clinical samples were validated using immunohistochemistry. Results Our analysis revealed that COTL1 is highly expressed in most cancers and correlates with decreased survival in Glioma, Glioblastoma multiforme, and pan-kidney cohorts. Furthermore, COTL1 was found to be associated with DNA and RNA stemness in 20 and 22 different tumor types, respectively. Additionally, COTL1 showed positive correlations with immunological checkpoints and immune infiltration cells. It was also linked to tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), neoantigen (NEO), and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), all of which are potential targets for immunotherapies. Moreover, a favorable relationship was demonstrated between genomic-instability markers such as heterozygosity (LOH), homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), and mutant allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH) with COTL1. Furthermore, our findings confirmed a positive correlation between COTL1 expression, CD8, and PD-L1 in LGG, as well as an association of high COTL1 expression with decreased patient survival in LGG. Conclusion Based on these compelling findings, COTL1 may hold significant clinical implications for the development of novel cancer therapies and serve as a potential target for tumors associated with immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Bai
- Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Wang
- Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Erba F, Mei G, Minicozzi V, Sabatucci A, Di Venere A, Maccarrone M. Conformational Dynamics of Lipoxygenases and Their Interaction with Biological Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2241. [PMID: 38396917 PMCID: PMC10889196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a family of enzymes that includes different fatty acid oxygenases with a common tridimensional structure. The main functions of LOXs are the production of signaling compounds and the structural modifications of biological membranes. These features of LOXs, their widespread presence in all living organisms, and their involvement in human diseases have attracted the attention of the scientific community over the last decades, leading to several studies mainly focused on understanding their catalytic mechanism and designing effective inhibitors. The aim of this review is to discuss the state-of-the-art of a different, much less explored aspect of LOXs, that is, their interaction with lipid bilayers. To this end, the general architecture of six relevant LOXs (namely human 5-, 12-, and 15-LOX, rabbit 12/15-LOX, coral 8-LOX, and soybean 15-LOX), with different specificity towards the fatty acid substrates, is analyzed through the available crystallographic models. Then, their putative interface with a model membrane is examined in the frame of the conformational flexibility of LOXs, that is due to their peculiar tertiary structure. Finally, the possible future developments that emerge from the available data are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Erba
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giampiero Mei
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Velia Minicozzi
- Department of Physics and INFN, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Annalaura Sabatucci
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Almerinda Di Venere
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC), Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
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5
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Qin Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Liu T, Mu Q, Huang C. Immunometabolism in the pathogenesis of asthma. Immunology 2024; 171:1-17. [PMID: 37652466 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterised by chronic airway inflammation. A variety of immune cells such as eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils and airway epithelial cells are involved in the airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma pathogenesis, resulting in extensive and variable reversible expiratory airflow limitation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the allergic immune responses, particularly immunometabolism, remains unclear. Studies have detected enhanced oxidative stress, and abnormal metabolic progresses of glycolysis, fatty acid and amino acid in various immune cells, inducing dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in asthma pathogenesis. Immunometabolism mechanisms contain multiple signalling pathways, providing novel therapy targets for asthma. This review summarises the current knowledge on immunometabolism reprogramming in asthma pathogenesis, as well as potential therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Qin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yeyang Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Mu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanjun Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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6
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Elshoeibi AM, Elsayed B, Kaleem MZ, Elhadary MR, Abu-Haweeleh MN, Haithm Y, Krzyslak H, Vranic S, Pedersen S. Proteomic Profiling of Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5005. [PMID: 37894372 PMCID: PMC10605593 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is crucial, as treatment strategies differ from those of other lung cancers. This systematic review aims to identify proteins differentially expressed in SCLC compared to normal lung tissue, evaluating their potential utility in diagnosing and prognosing the disease. Additionally, the study identifies proteins differentially expressed between SCLC and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), aiming to discover biomarkers distinguishing between these two subtypes of neuroendocrine lung cancers. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Studies reporting proteomics information and confirming SCLC and/or LCNEC through histopathological and/or cytopathological examination were included, while review articles, non-original articles, and studies based on animal samples or cell lines were excluded. The initial search yielded 1705 articles, and after deduplication and screening, 16 articles were deemed eligible. These studies revealed 117 unique proteins significantly differentially expressed in SCLC compared to normal lung tissue, along with 37 unique proteins differentially expressed between SCLC and LCNEC. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential of proteomics technology in identifying novel biomarkers for diagnosing SCLC, predicting its prognosis, and distinguishing it from LCNEC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basel Elsayed
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar (M.N.A.-H.); (S.V.)
| | - Muhammad Zain Kaleem
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar (M.N.A.-H.); (S.V.)
| | | | | | - Yunes Haithm
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar (M.N.A.-H.); (S.V.)
| | - Hubert Krzyslak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar (M.N.A.-H.); (S.V.)
| | - Shona Pedersen
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar (M.N.A.-H.); (S.V.)
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Haeggström JZ, Newcomer ME. Structures of Leukotriene Biosynthetic Enzymes and Development of New Therapeutics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:407-428. [PMID: 36130059 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-085014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are potent immune-regulating lipid mediators with patho-genic roles in inflammatory and allergic diseases, particularly asthma. These autacoids also contribute to low-grade inflammation, a hallmark of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and tumor diseases. Biosynthesis of leukotrienes involves release and oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid and proceeds via a set of cytosolic and integral membrane enzymes that are typically expressed by cells of the innate immune system. In activated cells, these enzymes traffic and assemble at the endoplasmic and perinuclear membrane, together comprising a biosynthetic complex. Here we describe recent advances in our molecular understanding of the protein components of the leukotriene-synthesizing enzyme machinery and also briefly touch upon the leukotriene receptors. Moreover, we discuss emerging opportunities for pharmacological intervention and development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Z Haeggström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Marcia E Newcomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
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8
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Li XZ, Liu Q, Zhang SN, Yang WD, Zhou Y. Biolabel-led research pattern reveals serum profile in rats after treatment with Herba Lysimachiae: Combined analysis of metabonomics and proteomics. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5385. [PMID: 35445417 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine, Herba Lysimachiae (HL) is mainly used to treat rheumatic arthralgia. Current pharmacological studies also showed that HL has therapeutic potential for synovial diseases. HL is an oral drug, whose compounds need to enter the blood circulation before reaching the injured tissue, thus potentially causing activity or toxicity to the blood system. In this study, the biolabel-led research pattern was used to analyze the serum profile after HL intervention, based on which the safety and efficacy of HL were explored. Metabonomics and proteomics were combined to analyze the biolabels responsible for the interventions of HL on serum. Bioinformatics databases were used to screen for the material basis that may interfere with biolabels. Omics analysis showed that differentially expressed 19 proteins and 5 metabolites were identified and considered as the potential biolabels, which were involved in 8 biochemical processes (platelet activation and aggregation, blood glucose release, immune and inflammatory regulation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, tumor progression, blood pressure regulation, and uric acid synthesis). Thirty-one compounds may be the material basis to interfere with eleven biolabels. The present research reveals that the potential activities and toxicities of HL can be explored based on the biolabel-led research pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Zhao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian New Area, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shuai-Nan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian New Area, China
| | - Wu-de Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian New Area, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian New Area, China
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9
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Gilbert NC, Newcomer ME, Werz O. Untangling the web of 5-lipoxygenase-derived products from a molecular and structural perspective: The battle between pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114759. [PMID: 34487716 PMCID: PMC8865081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is the precursor to leukotrienes (LT), potent mediators of the inflammatory response. In the 35 + years since cysteinyl-LTs were reported to mediate antigen-induced constriction of bronchi in tissue from asthma patients, numerous cellular responses evoked by the LTs, such as chemoattraction and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation, have been elucidated and revealed a potential for 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) as a promising drug target that goes beyond asthma. We describe herein early work identifying 5-LOX as the key enzyme that initiates LT biosynthesis and the discovery of its membrane-embedded helper protein required to execute the two-step reaction that transforms AA to the progenitor leukotriene A4 (LTA4). 5-LOX must traffic to the nuclear membrane to interact with its partner and undergo a conformational change so that AA can enter the active site. Additionally, the enzyme must retain the hydroperoxy-reaction intermediate for its final transformation to LTA4. Each of these steps provide a unique target for inhibition. Next, we describe the recent structures of GPCRs that recognize metabolites of the 5-LOX pathway and thus provide target alternatives. We also highlight the role of 5-LOX in the biosynthesis of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators (LM), the so-called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). The involvement of 5-LOX in the biosynthesis of LM with opposing functions undoubtedly complicates the continuing search for 5-LOX inhibitors as therapeutic leads. Finally, we address the recent discovery of how some allosteric 5-LOX inhibitors promote oxygenation at the 12/15 carbon on AA to generate mediators that resolve, rather than promote, inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel C Gilbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Marcia E Newcomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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10
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Crosstalk between ORMDL3, serine palmitoyltransferase, and 5-lipoxygenase in the sphingolipid and eicosanoid metabolic pathways. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100121. [PMID: 34560079 PMCID: PMC8527048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) and sphingolipids are critical lipid mediators participating in numerous cellular signal transduction events and developing various disorders, such as bronchial hyperactivity leading to asthma. Enzymatic reactions initiating production of these lipid mediators involve 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO)-mediated conversion of arachidonic acid to LTs and serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT)-mediated de novo synthesis of sphingolipids. Previous studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein ORM1-like protein 3 (ORMDL3) inhibits the activity of SPT and subsequent sphingolipid synthesis. However, the role of ORMDL3 in the synthesis of LTs is not known. In this study, we used peritoneal-derived mast cells isolated from ORMDL3 KO or control mice and examined their calcium mobilization, degranulation, NF-κB inhibitor-α phosphorylation, and TNF-α production. We found that peritoneal-derived mast cells with ORMDL3 KO exhibited increased responsiveness to antigen. Detailed lipid analysis showed that compared with WT cells, ORMDL3-deficient cells exhibited not only enhanced production of sphingolipids but also of LT signaling mediators LTB4, 6t-LTB4, LTC4, LTB5, and 6t-LTB5. The crosstalk between ORMDL3 and 5-LO metabolic pathways was supported by the finding that endogenous ORMDL3 and 5-LO are localized in similar endoplasmic reticulum domains in human mast cells and that ORMDL3 physically interacts with 5-LO. Further experiments showed that 5-LO also interacts with the long-chain 1 and long-chain 2 subunits of SPT. In agreement with these findings, 5-LO knockdown increased ceramide levels, and silencing of SPTLC1 decreased arachidonic acid metabolism to LTs to levels observed upon 5-LO knockdown. These results demonstrate functional crosstalk between the LT and sphingolipid metabolic pathways, leading to the production of lipid signaling mediators.
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11
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Jenz ST, Goodyear CD, TSgt Graves PR, Goldstein S, Shia MR, Redei EE. Blood and affective markers of stress in Elite Airmen during a preparatory training course: A pilot study. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100323. [PMID: 33912629 PMCID: PMC8066699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In highly stressful environments, individuals with diverging stress-reactivity can perform differently. Identification of blood markers of stress-reactivity is of major significance to help human performance during stress. Candidate transcripts were identified between stressed and non-stressed strains of rats’ blood and brain, and overlapping significant differentially expressed genes were selected. Serum levels of human orthologues of these proteins, in lieu of blood RNA, in addition to classic stress and general clinical markers, were measured in 33 Battlefield Airmen undergoing a 52 day long preparatory training course before their course of initial entry (COIE). Blood samples and factors of affective state, negative valence “Threat” and positive valence “Challenge”, were obtained five times across different days of training which included either routine physical exercise or prolonged and intense physical and mental training. During training, levels of chloride (Cl), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), creatinine kinase (CK), and total carbon dioxide (TCO2) differed between airmen who subsequently graduated from their COIE and those who did not. Time dependent changes of serum TCO2 and neuropeptide Y (NPY), as well as the affective factor Challenge differed by future graduation status throughout the training. Serum levels of parvin beta (PARVB) correlated with the affective factor Threat, while those of NPY, testosterone, coactosin like F-actin binding protein 1 (COTL1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) correlated with factor Challenge during the extended, intensive periods of training, consistently. These pilot data suggest that the identified panel of blood markers can measure stress responsiveness, which has the potential to advance individualized stress-management strategies. Levels of novel and classical serum markers signal stress severity in men. Biomarker levels reflect stress reactivity of Battlefield Airmen in training. Affective measures correlate with serum biomarkers after extended stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Jenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - C D Goodyear
- lnfoscitex Corporation, 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Suite 210, Dayton, OH, 45431, USA
| | - P R TSgt Graves
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, 2510 Fifth Street, Wright Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - S Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - M R Shia
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, 2977 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - E E Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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12
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Li WJ, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Dong LL, Wu YF, Chen ZH, Shen HH. Lipid metabolism in asthma: Immune regulation and potential therapeutic target. Cell Immunol 2021; 364:104341. [PMID: 33798909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs that poses a considerable health and socioeconomic burden. Several risk factors work synergistically to affect the progression of asthma. Lipid metabolism, especially in distinct cells such as T cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and non-immune cells, plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of asthma, as lipids are potent signaling molecules that regulate a multitude of cellular response. In this review, we focused on the metabolic pathways of lipid molecules, especially fatty acids and their derivatives, and summarized their roles in various cells during the pathogenesis of asthma along with the current pharmacological agents targeting lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Dong
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.
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Kumar RB, Purhonen P, Hebert H, Jegerschöld C. Arachidonic acid promotes the binding of 5-lipoxygenase on nanodiscs containing 5-lipoxygenase activating protein in the absence of calcium-ions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228607. [PMID: 32645009 PMCID: PMC7347166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the first steps in inflammation is the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) stored in the cell membranes into leukotrienes. This occurs mainly in leukocytes and depends on the interaction of two proteins: 5-lipoxygenase (5LO), stored away from the nuclear membranes until use and 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP), a transmembrane, homotrimeric protein, constitutively present in nuclear membrane. We could earlier visualize the binding of 5LO to nanodiscs in the presence of Ca2+-ions by the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on samples negatively stained by sodium phosphotungstate. In the absence of Ca2+-ions 5LO did not bind to the membrane. In the present communication, FLAP reconstituted in the nanodiscs which could be purified if the His-tag was located on the FLAP C-terminus but not the N-terminus. Our aim was to find out if 1) 5LO would bind in a Ca2+-dependent manner also when FLAP is present? 2) Would the substrate (AA) have effects on 5LO binding to FLAP-nanodiscs? TEM was used to assess the complex formation between 5LO and FLAP-nanodiscs along with, sucrose gradient purification, gel-electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. It was found that presence of AA by itself induces complex formation in the absence of added calcium. This finding corroborates that AA is necessary for the complex formation and that a Ca2+-flush is mainly needed for the recruitment of 5LO to the membrane. Our results also showed that the addition of Ca2+-ions promoted binding of 5LO on the FLAP-nanodiscs as was also the case for nanodiscs without FLAP incorporated. In the absence of added substances no 5LO-FLAP complex was formed. Another finding is that the formation of a 5LO-FLAP complex appears to induce fragmentation of 5LO in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasi Purhonen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Structural Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Hebert
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Structural Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Jegerschöld
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Structural Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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14
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Scheller I, Stritt S, Beck S, Peng B, Pleines I, Heinze KG, Braun A, Otto O, Ahrends R, Sickmann A, Bender M, Nieswandt B. Coactosin-like 1 integrates signaling critical for shear-dependent thrombus formation in mouse platelets. Haematologica 2019; 105:1667-1676. [PMID: 31582545 PMCID: PMC7271572 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.225516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet aggregate formation is a multistep process involving receptor-mediated, as well as biomechanical, signaling cascades, which are highly dependent on actin dynamics. We have previously shown that actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/n-cofilin and Twinfilin 2a, members of the ADF homology (ADF-H) protein family, have distinct roles in platelet formation and function. Coactosin-like 1 (Cotl1) is another ADF-H protein that binds actin and was also shown to enhance biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes (LT) in granulocytes. Here, we generated mice lacking Cotl1 in the megakaryocyte lineage (Cotl1-/- ) to investigate its role in platelet production and function. Absence of Cotl1 had no impact on platelet counts, platelet activation or cytoskeletal reorganization under static conditions in vitro In contrast, Cotl1 deficiency markedly affected platelet aggregate formation on collagen and adhesion to immobilized von Willebrand factor at high shear rates in vitro, pointing to an impaired function of the platelet mechanoreceptor glycoprotein (GP) Ib. Furthermore, Cotl1 -/-platelets exhibited increased deformability at high shear rates, indicating that the GPIb defect may be linked to altered biomechanical properties of the deficient cells. In addition, we found that Cotl1 deficiency markedly affected platelet LT biosynthesis. Strikingly, exogenous LT addition restored defective aggregate formation of Cotl1-/- platelets at high shear in vitro, indicating a critical role of platelet-derived LT in thrombus formation. In vivo, Cotl1 deficiency translated into prolonged tail bleeding times and protection from occlusive arterial thrombus formation. Together, our results show that Cotl1 in platelets is an integrator of biomechanical and LT signaling in hemostasis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Scheller
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Simon Stritt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Sarah Beck
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Bing Peng
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Lipidomics, Dortmund
| | - Irina Pleines
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
| | | | - Attila Braun
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Oliver Otto
- Center for Innovation Competence - Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomechanics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Lipidomics, Dortmund
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Lipidomics, Dortmund
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg .,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
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15
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Dolcino M, Tinazzi E, Puccetti A, Lunardi C. Long Non-Coding RNAs Target Pathogenetically Relevant Genes and Pathways in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080816. [PMID: 31382516 PMCID: PMC6721587 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease driven by genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a key component of the epigenetic mechanisms and are known to be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. In this work we aimed to identify significantly differentially expressed LncRNAs (DE-LncRNAs) that are functionally connected to modulated genes strictly associated with RA. In total, 542,500 transcripts have been profiled in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from four patients with early onset RA prior any treatment and four healthy donors using Clariom D arrays. Results were confirmed by real-time PCR in 20 patients and 20 controls. Six DE-LncRNAs target experimentally validated miRNAs able to regulate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RA; among them, only FTX, HNRNPU-AS1 and RP11-498C9.15 targeted a large number of DEGs. Most importantly, RP11-498C9.15 targeted the largest number of signalling pathways that were found to be enriched by the global amount of RA-DEGs and that have already been associated with RA and RA-synoviocytes. Moreover, RP11-498C9.15 targeted the most highly connected genes in the RA interactome, thus suggesting its involvement in crucial gene regulation. These results indicate that, by modulating both microRNAs and gene expression, RP11-498C9.15 may play a pivotal role in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Dolcino
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Tinazzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Histology, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Lunardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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16
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Häfner AK, Kahnt AS, Steinhilber D. Beyond leukotriene formation—The noncanonical functions of 5-lipoxygenase. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 142:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Murphy RC, Folco G. Lysophospholipid acyltransferases and leukotriene biosynthesis: intersection of the Lands cycle and the arachidonate PI cycle. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:219-226. [PMID: 30606731 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.s091371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are autacoids derived from the precursor arachidonic acid (AA) via the action of five-lipoxygenase (5-LO). When inflammatory cells are activated, 5-LO translocates to the nuclear membrane to initiate oxygenation of AA released by cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) into leukotriene A4 (LTA4). LTA4 can also be exported from an activated donor cell into an acceptor cell by the process of transcellular biosynthesis. When thimerosal is added to cells, the level of free AA increases by inhibition of lysophospholipid acyltransferases of the Lands pathway of phospholipid remodeling. Another arachidonate phospholipid cycle involves phosphatidylinositol (PI) in the plasma membrane that undoubtedly intersects with the Lands pathway of phospholipid remodeling. The highest abundance of PI occurs between the ER and the plasma membrane and is probably a result of the importance of the PI signaling cascade in cellular biochemistry. Because transport proteins mediate the rapid intracellular movement of phospholipids, largely as result of physical membrane contact, 5-LO-dependent production of LTA4 could be mediated by the disappearance of free AA from the nuclear membrane, transfer to the ER for Lands cycle reesterification into PI, and population of PI(18:0/20:4) for cell membrane signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Giancarlo Folco
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
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18
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Abstract
Leukotrienes are powerful immune-regulating lipid mediators with established pathogenic roles in inflammatory allergic diseases of the respiratory tract - in particular, asthma and hay fever. More recent work indicates that these lipids also contribute to low-grade inflammation, a hallmark of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases as well as cancer. Biosynthesis of leukotrienes involves oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid and proceeds via a set of soluble and membrane enzymes that are primarily expressed by cells of myeloid origin. In activated immune cells, these enzymes assemble at the endoplasmic and perinuclear membrane, constituting a biosynthetic complex. This Review describes recent advances in our understanding of the components of the leukotriene-synthesizing enzyme machinery, emerging opportunities for pharmacological intervention, and the development of new medicines exploiting both antiinflammatory and pro-resolving mechanisms.
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Subramanian BC, Majumdar R, Parent CA. The role of the LTB 4-BLT1 axis in chemotactic gradient sensing and directed leukocyte migration. Semin Immunol 2018; 33:16-29. [PMID: 29042024 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Directed leukocyte migration is a hallmark of inflammatory immune responses. Leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid and represent a class of potent lipid mediators of leukocyte migration. In this review, we summarize the essential steps leading to the production of LTB4 in leukocytes. We discuss the recent findings on the exosomal packaging and transport of LTB4 in the context of chemotactic gradients formation and regulation of leukocyte recruitment. We also discuss the dynamic roles of the LTB4 receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, in mediating chemotactic signaling in leukocytes and contrast them to other structurally related leukotrienes that bind to distinct GPCRs. Finally, we highlight the specific roles of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in mediating signal-relay between chemotaxing neutrophils and its potential contribution to a wide variety of inflammatory conditions including tumor progression and metastasis, where LTB4 is emerging as a key signaling component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagawat C Subramanian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Ritankar Majumdar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Carole A Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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20
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Roos J, Peters M, Maucher IV, Kühn B, Fettel J, Hellmuth N, Brat C, Sommer B, Urbschat A, Piesche M, Vogel A, Proschak E, Blöcher R, Buscató E, Häfner AK, Matrone C, Werz O, Heidler J, Wittig I, Angioni C, Geisslinger G, Parnham MJ, Zacharowski K, Steinhilber D, Maier TJ. Drug-Mediated Intracellular Donation of Nitric Oxide Potently Inhibits 5-Lipoxygenase: A Possible Key to Future Antileukotriene Therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1265-1285. [PMID: 28699354 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme of leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis and is critically involved in a number of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, gout, bronchial asthma, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Because 5-LO contains critical nucleophilic amino acids, which are sensitive to electrophilic modifications, we determined the consequences of a drug-mediated intracellular release of nitric oxide (NO) on 5-LO product formation by human granulocytes and on 5-LO-dependent pulmonary inflammation in vivo. RESULTS Clinically relevant concentrations of NO-releasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other agents releasing NO intracellularly suppress 5-LO product synthesis in isolated human granulocytes via direct S-nitrosylation of 5-LO at the catalytically important cysteines 416 and 418. Furthermore, suppression of 5-LO product formation was observed in ionophore-stimulated human whole blood and in an animal model of pulmonary inflammation. INNOVATION Here, we report for the first time that drugs releasing NO intracellularly are efficient 5-LO inhibitors in vitro and in vivo at least equivalent to approved 5-LO inhibitors. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a novel mechanistic strategy for the development of a new class of drugs suppressing LT biosynthesis by site-directed nitrosylation. The results may also help to better understand the well-recognized anti-inflammatory clinically relevant actions of NO-releasing drugs. Furthermore, our study describes in detail a novel molecular mode of action of NO. Rebound Track: This work was rejected during standard peer review and rescued by Rebound Peer Review (Antioxid Redox Signal 16: 293-296, 2012) with the following serving as open reviewers: Angel Lanas, Hartmut Kühn, Joan Clària, Orina Belton. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1265-1285.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Roos
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany .,2 Department for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marcus Peters
- 3 Department of Experimental Pneumology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum, Germany
| | - Isabelle V Maucher
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kühn
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jasmin Fettel
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nadine Hellmuth
- 2 Department for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Camilla Brat
- 2 Department for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benita Sommer
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anja Urbschat
- 4 Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg , Marburg, Germany .,5 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Matthias Piesche
- 5 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark .,6 Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule , Talca, Chile
| | - Anja Vogel
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany .,7 Project Group for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - René Blöcher
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Estella Buscató
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Häfner
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carmela Matrone
- 5 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Oliver Werz
- 8 Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena, Germany
| | - Juliana Heidler
- 9 Department of Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- 9 Department of Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- 10 Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- 7 Project Group for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Frankfurt, Germany .,10 Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- 7 Project Group for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- 2 Department for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thorsten J Maier
- 2 Department for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany .,5 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark
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21
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Coactosin-like protein CLP/Cotl1 suppresses breast cancer growth through activation of IL-24/PERP and inhibition of non-canonical TGFβ signaling. Oncogene 2017; 37:323-331. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Werz O, Gerstmeier J, Garscha U. Novel leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors (2012-2016) as anti-inflammatory agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:607-620. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1276568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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23
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Green AR, Barbour S, Horn T, Carlos J, Raskatov JA, Holman TR. Strict Regiospecificity of Human Epithelial 15-Lipoxygenase-2 Delineates Its Transcellular Synthesis Potential. Biochemistry 2016; 55:2832-40. [PMID: 27145229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxins are an important class of lipid mediators that induce the resolution of inflammation and arise from transcellular exchange of arachidonic acid (AA)-derived lipoxygenase products. Human epithelial 15-lipoxygenase-2 (h15-LOX-2), the major lipoxygenase in macrophages, has exhibited strict regiospecificity, catalyzing only the hydroperoxidation of carbon 15 of AA. To determine the catalytic potential of h15-LOX-2 in transcellular synthesis events, we reacted it with the three lipoxygenase-derived monohydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HPETE) in humans: 5-HPETE, 12-HPETE, and 15-HPETE. Only 5-HPETE was a substrate for h15-LOX-2, and the steady-state catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of this reaction was 31% of the kcat/Km of AA. The only major product of h15-LOX-2's reaction with 5-HPETE was the proposed lipoxin intermediate, 5,15-dihydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5,15-diHPETE). However, h15-LOX-2 did not react further with 5,15-diHPETE to produce lipoxins. This result is consistent with the specificity of h15-LOX-2 despite the increased reactivity of 5,15-diHPETE. Density functional theory calculations determined that the radical, after abstracting the C10 hydrogen atom from 5,15-diHPETE, had an energy 5.4 kJ/mol lower than that of the same radical generated from AA, demonstrating the facility of 5,15-diHPETE to form lipoxins. Interestingly, h15-LOX-2 does react with 5S,6R-diHETE, forming LipoxinA4, indicating the gemdiol does not prohibit h15-LOX-2 reactivity. Taken together, these results demonstrate the strict regiospecificity of h15-LOX-2 that circumscribes its role in transcellular synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Green
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Shannon Barbour
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Thomas Horn
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jose Carlos
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jevgenij A Raskatov
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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24
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Kumar RB, Zhu L, Idborg H, Rådmark O, Jakobsson PJ, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Hebert H, Jegerschöld C. Structural and Functional Analysis of Calcium Ion Mediated Binding of 5-Lipoxygenase to Nanodiscs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152116. [PMID: 27010627 PMCID: PMC4806843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An important step in the production of inflammatory mediators of the leukotriene family is the Ca2+ mediated recruitment of 5 Lipoxygenase (5LO) to nuclear membranes. To study this reaction in vitro, the natural membrane mimicking environment of nanodiscs was used. Nanodiscs with 10.5 nm inner diameter were made with the lipid POPC and membrane scaffolding protein MSP1E3D1. Monomeric and dimeric 5LO were investigated. Monomeric 5LO mixed with Ca2+ and nanodiscs are shown to form stable complexes that 1) produce the expected leukotriene products from arachidonic acid and 2) can be, for the first time, visualised by native gel electrophoresis and negative stain transmission electron microscopy and 3) show a highest ratio of two 5LO per nanodisc. We interpret this as one 5LO on each side of the disc. The dimer of 5LO is visualised by negative stain transmission electron microscopy and is shown to not bind to nanodiscs. This study shows the advantages of nanodiscs to obtain basic structural information as well as functional information of a complex between a monotopic membrane protein and the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan B. Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Helena Idborg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Rådmark
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agnes Rinaldo-Matthis
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Hebert
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Caroline Jegerschöld
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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25
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Rai S, Bhatnagar S. Hyperlipidemia, Disease Associations, and Top 10 Potential Drug Targets: A Network View. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 20:152-68. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Rai
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonika Bhatnagar
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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26
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Gulyas G, Csosz E, Prokisch J, Javor A, Mezes M, Erdelyi M, Balogh K, Janaky T, Szabo Z, Simon A, Czegledi L. Effect of nano-sized, elemental selenium supplement on the proteome of chicken liver. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:502-510. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Gulyas
- Department of Animal Science; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - E. Csosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - J. Prokisch
- Department of Animal Science; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - A. Javor
- Department of Animal Science; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - M. Mezes
- Department of Nutrition; Szent Istvan University; Godollo Hungary
| | - M. Erdelyi
- Department of Nutrition; Szent Istvan University; Godollo Hungary
| | - K. Balogh
- Department of Nutrition; Szent Istvan University; Godollo Hungary
| | - T. Janaky
- Department of Medical Chemistry; Faculty of Medicine; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Z. Szabo
- Department of Medical Chemistry; Faculty of Medicine; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - A. Simon
- Department of Animal Science; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - L. Czegledi
- Department of Animal Science; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
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27
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The Lipoxygenases: Their Regulation and Implication in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:243-57. [PMID: 26677076 PMCID: PMC4773476 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory processes and alterations of lipid metabolism play a crucial role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) metabolism impaired by cyclooxygenases (COX-1, COX-2), which are responsible for formation of several eicosanoids, and by lipoxygenases (LOXs) that catalyze the addition of oxygen to linolenic, arachidonic (AA), and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) and other PUFA leading to formation of bioactive lipids, significantly affects the course of neurodegenerative diseases. Among several isoforms, 5-LOX and 12/15-LOX are especially important in neuroinflammation/neurodegeneration. These two LOXs are regulated by substrate concentration and availability, and by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation through protein kinases PKA, PKC and MAP-kinases, including ERK1/ERK2 and p38. The protein/protein interaction also is involved in the mechanism of 5-LOX regulation through FLAP protein and coactosin-like protein. Moreover, non-heme iron and calcium ions are potent regulators of LOXs. The enzyme activity significantly depends on the cell redox state and is differently regulated by various signaling pathways. 5-LOX and 12/15-LOX convert linolenic acid, AA, and DHA into several bioactive compounds e.g. hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5-HPETE, 12S-HPETE, 15S-HPETE), which are reduced to corresponding HETE compounds. These enzymes synthesize several bioactive lipids, e.g. leucotrienes, lipoxins, hepoxilins and docosahexaenoids. 15-LOX is responsible for DHA metabolism into neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) with significant antiapoptotic properties which is down-regulated in AD. In this review, the regulation and impact of 5-LOX and 12/15-LOX in the pathomechanism of AD is discussed. Moreover, we describe the role of several products of LOXs, which may have significant pro- or anti-inflammatory activity in AD, and the cytoprotective effects of LOX inhibitors.
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Zhao H, Pflug BR, Lai X, Wang M. Metabolic and molecular regulation of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on prostate cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:267-79. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Beth R. Pflug
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Xianyin Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Mu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
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29
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Häfner AK, Gerstmeier J, Hörnig M, George S, Ball AK, Schröder M, Garscha U, Werz O, Steinhilber D. Characterization of the interaction of human 5-lipoxygenase with its activating protein FLAP. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1465-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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30
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Mitra S, Bartlett SG, Newcomer ME. Identification of the Substrate Access Portal of 5-Lipoxygenase. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6333-42. [PMID: 26427761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The overproduction of inflammatory lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid contributes to asthma and cardiovascular diseases, among other pathologies. Consequently, the enzyme that initiates the synthesis of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), is a target for drug design. The crystal structure of 5-LOX revealed a fully encapsulated active site; thus the point of substrate entry is not known. We asked whether a structural motif, a "cork" present in 5-LOX but absent in other mammalian lipoxygenases, might be ejected to allow substrate access. Our results indicate that reduction of cork volume facilitates access to the active site. However, if cork entry into the site is obstructed, enzyme activity is significantly compromised. The results support a model in which the "cork" that shields the active site in the absence of substrate serves as the active site portal, but the "corking" amino acid Phe-177 plays a critical role in providing a fully functional active site. Thus, the more appropriate metaphor for this structural motif is a "twist-and-pour" cap. Additional mutagenesis data are consistent with a role for His-600, deep in the elongated cavity, in positioning the substrate for catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunayana Mitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Sue G Bartlett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Marcia E Newcomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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31
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Gerstmeier J, Weinigel C, Rummler S, Rådmark O, Werz O, Garscha U. Time‐resolved
in situ
assembly of the leukotriene‐synthetic 5‐lipoxygenase/5‐lipoxygenase‐activating protein complex in blood leukocytes. FASEB J 2015; 30:276-85. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-278010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Gerstmeier
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy, Friedrich‐Schiller‐UniversityJenaGermany
| | | | - Silke Rummler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Jena University HospitalJenaGermany
| | - Olof Rådmark
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry IIKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Oliver Werz
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy, Friedrich‐Schiller‐UniversityJenaGermany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy, Friedrich‐Schiller‐UniversityJenaGermany
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32
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The Intracellular Localisation and Phosphorylation Profile of the Human 5-Lipoxygenase Δ13 Isoform Differs from That of Its Full Length Counterpart. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132607. [PMID: 26173130 PMCID: PMC4501781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis by a mechanism that involves interactions with 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) and coactosin-like protein (CLP). 5-LO splice variants were recently identified in human myeloid and lymphoid cells, including the catalytically inactive ∆13 isoform (5-LO∆13) whose transcript lacks exon 13. 5-LO∆13 inhibits 5-LO product biosynthesis when co-expressed with active full length 5-LO (5-LO1). The objective of this study was to investigate potential mechanisms by which 5-LO∆13 interferes with 5-LO product biosynthesis in transfected HEK293 cells. When co-expressed with 5-LO1, 5-LO∆13 inhibited LT but not 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) biosynthesis. This inhibition was independent of 5-LO∆13—FLAP interactions since it occurred in cells expressing FLAP or not. In cell-free assays CLP enhances 5-LO activity through interactions with tryptophan-102 of 5-LO. In the current study, the requirement for W102 was extended to whole cells, as cells expressing the 5-LO1-W102A mutant produced little 5-LO products. W102A mutants of 5-LO∆13 inhibited 5-LO product biosynthesis as effectively as 5-LO∆13 suggesting that inhibition is independent of interactions with CLP. Confocal microscopy showed that 5-LO1 was primarily in the nucleoplasm whereas W102A mutants showed a diffuse cellular expression. Despite the retention of known nuclear localisation sequences, 5-LO∆13 was cytosolic and concentrated in ER-rich perinuclear regions where its effect on LT biosynthesis may occur. W102A mutants of 5-LO∆13 showed the same pattern. Consistent with subcellular distribution patterns, 5-LO∆13 was hyper-phosphorylated on S523 and S273 compared to 5-LO1. Together, these results reveal a role for W102 in nuclear targeting of 5-LO1 suggesting that interactions with CLP are required for nuclear localization of 5-LO1, and are an initial characterisation of the 5-LO∆13 isoform whose inhibition of LT biosynthesis appears independent of interactions with CLP and FLAP. Better knowledge of the regulation and properties of alternative 5-LO isoforms will contribute to understanding the complex regulation of LT biosynthesis.
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33
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Pergola C, Schaible AM, Nikels F, Dodt G, Northoff H, Werz O. Progesterone rapidly down-regulates the biosynthesis of 5-lipoxygenase products in human primary monocytes. Pharmacol Res 2015; 94:42-50. [PMID: 25681061 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO), the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes (LTs) from arachidonic acid, is regulated by androgens in human neutrophils and monocytes accounting for sex differences in LT formation. Here we show that progesterone suppresses the synthesis of 5-LO metabolites in human primary monocytes. 5-LO product formation in monocytes stimulated with Ca(2+)-ionophore A23187 or with lipopolysaccharide/formyl peptide was suppressed by progesterone at concentrations of 10-100 nM in cells from females and at 1 μM in cells from males. Progesterone down-regulated 5-LO product formation in a rapid and reversible manner, but did not significantly inhibit 5-LO activity in cell-free assays using monocyte homogenates. Also, arachidonic acid release and its metabolism to other eicosanoids in monocytes were not significantly reduced by progesterone. The inhibitory effect of progesterone on LTs was still observed when mitogen-activated protein kinases were pharmacologically blocked, stimulatory 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol was exogenously supplied, or extracellular Ca(2+) was removed by chelation. Instead, suppression of PKA by means of two different pharmacological approaches (i.e. H89 and a cell-permeable PKA inhibitor peptide) prevented inhibition of 5-LO product generation by progesterone, to a similar extent as observed for the PKA activators prostaglandin E2 and 8-Br-cAMP, suggesting the involvement of PKA. In summary, progesterone affects the capacity of human primary monocytes to generate 5-LO products and, in addition to androgens, may account for sex-specific effects on pro-inflammatory LTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pergola
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Anja M Schaible
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Felix Nikels
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Dodt
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Hinnak Northoff
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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34
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Johansson J, Tabor V, Wikell A, Jalkanen S, Fuxe J. TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Promotes Monocyte/Macrophage Properties in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2015; 5:3. [PMID: 25674539 PMCID: PMC4306317 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer progression toward metastatic disease is linked to re-activation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a latent developmental process. Breast cancer cells undergoing EMT lose epithelial characteristics and gain the capacity to invade the surrounding tissue and migrate away from the primary tumor. However, less is known about the possible role of EMT in providing cancer cells with properties that allow them to traffic to distant sites. Given the fact that pro-metastatic cancer cells share a unique capacity with immune cells to traffic in-and-out of blood and lymphatic vessels we hypothesized that tumor cells undergoing EMT may acquire properties of immune cells. To study this, we performed gene-profiling analysis of mouse mammary EpRas tumor cells that had been allowed to adopt an EMT program after long-term treatment with TGF-β1 for 2 weeks. As expected, EMT cells acquired traits of mesenchymal cell differentiation and migration. However, in addition, we found another cluster of induced genes, which was specifically enriched in monocyte-derived macrophages, mast cells, and myeloid dendritic cells, but less in other types of immune cells. Further studies revealed that this monocyte/macrophage gene cluster was enriched in human breast cancer cell lines displaying an EMT or a Basal B profile, and in human breast tumors with EMT and undifferentiated (ER−/PR−) characteristics. The results identify an EMT-induced monocyte/macrophage gene cluster, which may play a role in breast cancer cell dissemination and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Vedrana Tabor
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Anna Wikell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Jonas Fuxe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
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Stabilisation and characterisation of the isolated regulatory domain of human 5-lipoxygenase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1842:1538-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Phosphorylation mimicking mutations of ALOX5 orthologs of different vertebrates do not alter reaction specificities of the enzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1842:1460-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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37
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Rådmark O, Werz O, Steinhilber D, Samuelsson B. 5-Lipoxygenase, a key enzyme for leukotriene biosynthesis in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:331-9. [PMID: 25152163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) catalyzes two steps in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes (LTs), lipid mediators of inflammation derived from arachidonic acid. In this review we focus on 5-LOX biochemistry including 5-LOX interacting proteins and regulation of enzyme activity. LTs function in normal host defense, and have roles in many disease states where acute or chronic inflammation is part of the pathophysiology, as briefly summarized at the end of this chapter. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Rådmark
- Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Div. of Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bengt Samuelsson
- Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Div. of Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Roles of coactosin-like protein (CLP) and 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) in cellular leukotriene biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:11371-6. [PMID: 25034252 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410983111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5LO) is a key enzyme in leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis. Two accessory proteins, coactosin-like protein (CLP) and 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP), can support 5LO activity. To study the roles of CLP and FLAP, we knocked down these proteins in the human monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6 (MM6). Expression of CLP increased MM6 cellular 5LO activity for all stimuli tested. CLP is not absolutely crucial, however; some 5LO activity remained in all incubations of CLP knockdown cells. FLAP knockdown had minor effects in the presence of exogenous arachidonic acid, but led to prominent reductions in 5LO product formation from endogenous substrate. Similar effects were observed after CLP and FLAP knockdown in human primary macrophages as well. In addition, FLAP knockdown reduced conversion of leukotriene A4 to leukotriene C4 (LTC4), suggesting a role for the activity of LTC4 synthase. After stimulation of MM6 cells by phorbol myristate acetate and ionophore A23187, a perinuclear ring pattern was observed for 5LO. This redistribution from cytosolic to perinuclear was clearly compromised in both CLP- and FLAP-deficient cells. In addition, association of CLP with the nucleus was almost absent after 5LO knockdown, and was clearly reduced in FLAP knockdown cells. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicated that 5LO-CLP complex formation in MM6 cells was increased by stimulation with ionophore, and that this complex was formed to the same extent in FLAP knockdown cells. A possible interpretation of our findings is that on cell stimulation, formation of the 5LO-CLP complex augments the translocation from cytosol to nucleus, whereas FLAP stabilizes association of this complex with the perinuclear membrane.
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Smyrniotis CJ, Barbour SR, Xia Z, Hixon MS, Holman TR. ATP allosterically activates the human 5-lipoxygenase molecular mechanism of arachidonic acid and 5(S)-hydroperoxy-6(E),8(Z),11(Z),14(Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid. Biochemistry 2014; 53:4407-19. [PMID: 24893149 PMCID: PMC4215895 DOI: 10.1021/bi401621d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
5-Lipoxygenase
(5-LOX) reacts with arachidonic acid (AA) to first
generate 5(S)-hydroperoxy-6(E),8(Z),11(Z),14(Z)-eicosatetraenoic
acid [5(S)-HpETE] and then an epoxide from 5(S)-HpETE to form leukotriene A4, from a single
polyunsaturated fatty acid. This work investigates the kinetic mechanism
of these two processes and the role of ATP in their activation. Specifically,
it was determined that epoxidation of 5(S)-HpETE
(dehydration of the hydroperoxide) has a rate of substrate capture
(Vmax/Km)
significantly lower than that of AA hydroperoxidation (oxidation of
AA to form the hydroperoxide); however, hyperbolic kinetic parameters
for ATP activation indicate a similar activation for AA and 5(S)-HpETE. Solvent isotope effect results for both hydroperoxidation
and epoxidation indicate that a specific step in its molecular mechanism
is changed, possibly because of a lowering of the dependence of the
rate-limiting step on hydrogen atom abstraction and an increase in
the dependency on hydrogen bond rearrangement. Therefore, changes
in ATP concentration in the cell could affect the production of 5-LOX
products, such as leukotrienes and lipoxins, and thus have wide implications
for the regulation of cellular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Smyrniotis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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40
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Gerstmeier J, Weinigel C, Barz D, Werz O, Garscha U. An experimental cell-based model for studying the cell biology and molecular pharmacology of 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein in leukotriene biosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2961-9. [PMID: 24905297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcellular distribution of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) to the perinuclear region and interaction with the 5-LO-activating protein (FLAP) are assumed as key steps in leukotriene biosynthesis and are prone to FLAP antagonists. METHODS FLAP and/or 5-LO were stably expressed in HEK293 cells, 5-LO products were analyzed by HPLC, and 5-LO and FLAP subcellular localization was visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS 5-LO and FLAP were stably expressed in HEK293 cells, and upon Ca(2+)-ionophore A23187 stimulation exogenous AA was efficiently transformed into the 5-LO products 5-hydro(pero)xyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-H(p)ETE) and the trans-isomers of LTB4. A23187 stimulation caused 5-LO accumulation at the nuclear membrane only when FLAP was co-expressed. Unexpectedly, A23187 stimulation of HEK cells expressing 5-LO and FLAP without exogenous AA failed in 5-LO product synthesis. HEK cells liberated AA in response to A23187, and transfected HEK cells expressing 12-LO generated 12-HETE after A23187 challenge from endogenous AA. FLAP co-expression increased 5-LO product formation in A23187-stimulated cells at low AA concentrations. Only in cells expressing FLAP and 5-LO, the FLAP antagonist MK886 blocked FLAP-mediated increase in 5-LO product formation, and prevented 5-LO nuclear membrane translocation and co-localization with FLAP. CONCLUSION The cellular biosynthesis of 5-LO products from endogenously derived substrate requires not only functional 5-LO/FLAP co-localization but also additional prerequisites which are dispensable when exogenous AA is supplied; identification of these determinants is challenging. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We present a cell model to study the role of FLAP as 5-LO interacting protein in LT biosynthesis in intact cells and for characterization of putative FLAP antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Gerstmeier
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
| | - Christina Weinigel
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dagmar Barz
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
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41
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Zhu Y, Wang C, Wang X, Li B, Li F. Effect of dietary fiber/starch balance on the cecal proteome of growing rabbits. J Proteomics 2014; 103:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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42
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Rakonjac Ryge M, Tanabe M, Provost P, Persson B, Chen X, Funk CD, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Hofmann B, Steinhilber D, Watanabe T, Samuelsson B, Rådmark O. A mutation interfering with 5-lipoxygenase domain interaction leads to increased enzyme activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 545:179-85. [PMID: 24480307 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) catalyzes two steps in conversion of arachidonic acid to proinflammatory leukotrienes. Lipoxygenases, including human 5-LOX, consist of an N-terminal C2-like β-sandwich and a catalytic domain. We expressed the 5-LOX domains separately, these were found to interact in the yeast two-hybrid system. The 5-LOX structure suggested association between Arg(101) in the β-sandwich and Asp(166) in the catalytic domain, due to electrostatic interaction as well as hydrogen bonds. Indeed, mutagenic replacements of these residues led to loss of two-hybrid interaction. Interestingly, when Arg(101) was mutated to Asp in intact 5-LOX, enzyme activity was increased. Thus, higher initial velocity of the reaction (vinit) and increased final amount of products were monitored for 5-LOX-R101D, at several different assay conditions. In the 5-LOX crystal structure, helix α2 and adjacent loops (including Asp(166)) of the 5-LOX catalytic domain has been proposed to form a flexible lid controlling access to the active site, and lid movement would be determined by bonding of lid residues to the C2-like β-sandwich. The more efficient catalysis following disruption of the R101-D166 ionic association supports the concept of such a flexible lid in human 5-LOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Rakonjac Ryge
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michiharu Tanabe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 6838504, Japan
| | - Patrick Provost
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Bengt Persson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Dept of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box 596, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xinsheng Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Colin D Funk
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Agnes Rinaldo-Matthis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bettina Hofmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 6838504, Japan
| | - Bengt Samuelsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Rådmark
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Di Gennaro A, Haeggström JZ. Targeting leukotriene B4 in inflammation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 18:79-93. [PMID: 24090264 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.843671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leukotriene (LT) B(4) is a powerful proinflammatory lipid mediator and triggers adherence to the endothelium, activates and recruits leukocytes to the site of injury. When formed in excess, LTB(4) plays a pathogenic role and may sustain chronic inflammation in diseases such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Recent investigations have also indicated that LTB(4) is involved in cardiovascular diseases. AREAS COVERED As the 5-lipoxygenase pathway involves several discrete, tightly coupled, enzymes, which convert the substrate, 'step by step', into bioactive products, several different strategies have been used to target LTB(4) as a means to treat inflammation. Here, we discuss recent findings regarding the development of selective enzyme inhibitors and antagonists for LTB(4) receptors, as well as their application in preclinical and clinical studies. EXPERT OPINION Components of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway have received considerable attention as candidate drug targets resulting in one new class of medications against asthma, that is, the antileukotrienes. However, efforts to specifically target LTB(4) have not yet been fruitful in the clinical setting, in spite of very promising preclinical data. Recently, crystal structures along with hitherto unknown functions of key enzymes in the leukotriene cascade have emerged, offering new opportunities for drug development and, with time, pharmacological intervention in LTB(4)-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Gennaro
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2 , Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm, S-171 77 , Sweden
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Hsieh CH, Chen GC, Chen PH, Wu TF, Chao PM. Altered white adipose tissue protein profile in C57BL/6J mice displaying delipidative, inflammatory, and browning characteristics after bitter melon seed oil treatment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72917. [PMID: 24039822 PMCID: PMC3765199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We have previously shown that bitter melon seed oil (BMSO), which is rich in cis-9, trans-11, trans-13 conjugated linolenic acid, is more potent than soybean oil in attenuating body fat deposition in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. The aim of this study was to obtain a comprehensive insight into how white adipose tissue (WAT) is affected by BMSO administration and to explore the underlying mechanisms of the anti-adiposity effect of BMSO. Methods and Results A proteomic approach was used to identify proteins differentially expressed in the WAT of mice fed diets with or without BMSO for 11 wks. The WAT was also analyzed histologically for morphological changes. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (pH 4–7) revealed 32 spots showing a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in intensity in BMSO-treated mice and 30 of these were shown to code for 23 proteins (15 increased and 8 decreased expression; >2-fold change). Combined with histological evidence of macrophage infiltration and brown adipocyte recruitment, the proteomic and immunoblotting data showed that the WAT in mice subjected to long-term high dose BMSO administration was characterized by reduced caveolae formation, increased ROS insult, tissue remodeling/repair, mitochondria uncoupling, and stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton, this last change being putatively related to an increased inflammatory response. Conclusion The anti-adiposity effect of BMSO is associated with WAT delipidation, inflammation, and browning. Some novel proteins participating in these processes were identified. In addition, the BMSO-mediated WAT browning may account for the increased inflammation without causing adverse metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gou-Chun Chen
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Feng Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TFW); (PMC)
| | - Pei-Min Chao
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TFW); (PMC)
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Karelina TA, Zhudenkov KV, Demin OO, Svetlichny DV, Agoram B, Fairman D, Demin OV. Regulation of leukotriene and 5oxoETE synthesis and the effect of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors: a mathematical modeling approach. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:141. [PMID: 23146124 PMCID: PMC3546923 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of leukotrienes and 5-Oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (oxoETE). These inflammatory signaling molecules play a role in the pathology of asthma and so 5-LO inhibition is a promising target for asthma therapy. The 5-LO redox inhibitor zileuton (Zyflo IR/CR(®)) is currently marketed for the treatment of asthma in adults and children, but widespread use of zileuton is limited by its efficacy/safety profile, potentially related to its redox characteristics. Thus, a quantitative, mechanistic description of its functioning may be useful for development of improved anti-inflammatory targeting this mechanism. RESULTS A mathematical model describing the operation of 5-LO, phospholipase A2, glutathione peroxidase and 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase was developed. The catalytic cycles of the enzymes were reconstructed and kinetic parameters estimated on the basis of available experimental data. The final model describes each stage of cys-leukotriene biosynthesis and the reactions involved in oxoETE production. Regulation of these processes by substrates (phospholipid concentration) and intracellular redox state (concentrations of reduced glutathione, glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxide) were taken into account. The model enabled us to reveal differences between redox and non-redox 5-LO inhibitors under conditions of oxidative stress. Despite both redox and non-redox inhibitors suppressing leukotriene A4 (LTA4) synthesis, redox inhibitors are predicted to increase oxoETE production, thus compromising efficacy. This phenomena can be explained in terms of the pseudo-peroxidase activity of 5-LO and the ability of lipid peroxides to transform 5-LO into its active form even in the presence of redox inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS The mathematical model developed described quantitatively different mechanisms of 5-LO inhibition and simulations revealed differences between the potential therapeutic outcomes for these mechanisms.
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Häfner AK, Cernescu M, Hofmann B, Ermisch M, Hörnig M, Metzner J, Schneider G, Brutschy B, Steinhilber D. Dimerization of human 5-lipoxygenase. Biol Chem 2012; 392:1097-111. [PMID: 22050225 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2011.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) can form dimers as shown here via native gel electrophoresis, gel filtration chromatography and LILBID (laser induced liquid bead ion desorption) mass spectrometry. After glutathionylation of 5-LO by diamide/glutathione treatment, dimeric 5-LO was no longer detectable and 5-LO almost exclusively exists in the monomeric form which showed full catalytic activity. Incubation of 5-LO with diamide alone led to a disulfide-bridged dimer and to oligomer formation which displays a strongly reduced catalytic activity. The bioinformatic analysis of the 5-LO surface for putative protein-protein interaction domains and molecular modeling of the dimer interface suggests a head to tail orientation of the dimer which also explains the localization of previously reported ATP binding sites. This interface domain was confirmed by the observation that 5-LO dimer formation and inhibition of activity by diamide was largely prevented when four cysteines (C159S, C300S, C416S, C418S) in this domain were mutated to serines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Häfner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Nøstbakken OJ, Goksøyr A, Martin SAM, Cash P, Torstensen BE. Marine n-3 fatty acids alter the proteomic response to methylmercury in Atlantic salmon kidney (ASK) cells. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 106-107:65-75. [PMID: 22071128 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fish based diets have been linked to the amelioration of methylmercury (MeHg) induced symptoms in several epidemiological studies, particularly due to their contents of marine n-3 fatty acids. It has been suggested that n-3 fatty acids may mask the detrimental effects of MeHg due to their beneficial effect on the same biological functions which are negatively affected by MeHg. However, in vitro studies have implied that there may be direct interactions between the marine n-3 FAs and MeHg, which ameliorates MeHg toxicity through interactions at a biological level. To understand how marine n-3 FAs and MeHg interact in fish as a biological system, we wanted to investigate molecular interaction in a fish cell system. Atlantic salmon kidney (ASK) cells were pre-incubated with the marine n-3 FAs docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) before exposing them to MeHg. Modulating effects of the marine FAs on MeHg toxicity were subsequently assessed using the exploratory technique of proteomics, in a factorial design. Thirty-four differentially regulated proteins were identified. From these; twenty-seven were shown to be differentially regulated by MeHg, twelve were regulated by the fatty acids, and another eight showed interaction effects between MeHg and the FAs. Several of the proteins were concomitantly affected by MeHg- and FA-main effects, as well as interaction effects. Functional annotations and pathway analysis of the proteins revealed that marine n-3 FAs and MeHg concurrently affected the abundance of protein markers relating to such molecular mechanisms as: cell signaling, calcium homeostasis, structural integrity, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. In conclusion, both marine n-3 FAs and MeHg can differentially affect the abundances of the same proteins, indicating modulating effects of EPA and DHA on MeHg metabolism, and possibly on its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Jakob Nøstbakken
- NIFES (National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research), Pb 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
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Identification and expression of immune genes in the flat oyster Ostrea edulis in response to bonamiosis. Gene 2012; 492:81-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Brulle F, Lemière S, Waterlot C, Douay F, Vandenbulcke F. Gene expression analysis of 4 biomarker candidates in Eisenia fetida exposed to an environmental metallic trace elements gradient: a microcosm study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:5470-5482. [PMID: 21937088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Past activities of 2 smelters (Metaleurop Nord and Nyrstar) led to the accumulation of high amounts of Metal Trace Elements (TEs) in top soils of the Noyelles-Godault/Auby area, Northern France. Earthworms were exposed to polluted soils collected in this area to study and better understand the physiological changes, the mechanisms of acclimation, and detoxification resulting from TE exposure. Previously we have cloned and transcriptionally characterized potential biomarkers from immune cells of the ecotoxicologically important earthworm species Eisenia fetida exposed in vivo to TE-spiked standard soils. In the present study, analysis of expression kinetics of four candidate indicator genes (Cadmium-metallothionein, coactosin like protein, phytochelatin synthase and lysenin) was performed in E. fetida after microcosm exposures to natural soils exhibiting an environmental cadmium (Cd) gradient in a kinetic manner. TE body burdens were also measured. This microcosm study provided insights into: (1) the ability of the 4 tested genes to serve as expression biomarkers, (2) detoxification processes through the expression analysis of selected genes, and (3) influence of land uses on the response of potential biomarkers (gene expression or TE uptake).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Brulle
- University Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
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Häfner AK, Cernescu M, Hofmann B, Ermisch M, Hörnig M, Metzner J, Schneider G, Brutschy B, Steinhilber D. Dimerization of human 5-lipoxygenase. Biol Chem 2011. [PMID: 22050225 DOI: 10.1515/bc-2011-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) can form dimers as shown here via native gel electrophoresis, gel filtration chromatography and LILBID (laser induced liquid bead ion desorption) mass spectrometry. After glutathionylation of 5-LO by diamide/glutathione treatment, dimeric 5-LO was no longer detectable and 5-LO almost exclusively exists in the monomeric form which showed full catalytic activity. Incubation of 5-LO with diamide alone led to a disulfide-bridged dimer and to oligomer formation which displays a strongly reduced catalytic activity. The bioinformatic analysis of the 5-LO surface for putative protein-protein interaction domains and molecular modeling of the dimer interface suggests a head to tail orientation of the dimer which also explains the localization of previously reported ATP binding sites. This interface domain was confirmed by the observation that 5-LO dimer formation and inhibition of activity by diamide was largely prevented when four cysteines (C159S, C300S, C416S, C418S) in this domain were mutated to serines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Häfner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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