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Guo J, Yao Q, Dong J, Hou J, Jia P, Chen X, Li G, Zhao Q, Wang J, Liu F, Wang Z, Shan Y, Zhang T, Fu A, Wang F. Immunophilin FKB20-2 participates in oligomerization of Photosystem I in Chlamydomonas. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1631-1645. [PMID: 38039102 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
PSI is a sophisticated photosynthesis protein complex that fuels the light reaction of photosynthesis in algae and vascular plants. While the structure and function of PSI have been studied extensively, the dynamic regulation on PSI oligomerization and high light response is less understood. In this work, we characterized a high light-responsive immunophilin gene FKB20-2 (FK506-binding protein 20-2) required for PSI oligomerization and high light tolerance in Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). Biochemical assays and 77-K fluorescence measurement showed that loss of FKB20-2 led to the reduced accumulation of PSI core subunits and abnormal oligomerization of PSI complexes and, particularly, reduced PSI intermediate complexes in fkb20-2. It is noteworthy that the abnormal PSI oligomerization was observed in fkb20-2 even under dark and dim light growth conditions. Coimmunoprecipitation, MS, and yeast 2-hybrid assay revealed that FKB20-2 directly interacted with the low molecular weight PSI subunit PsaG, which might be involved in the dynamic regulation of PSI-light-harvesting complex I supercomplexes. Moreover, abnormal PSI oligomerization caused accelerated photodamage to PSII in fkb20-2 under high light stress. Together, we demonstrated that immunophilin FKB20-2 affects PSI oligomerization probably by interacting with PsaG and plays pivotal roles during Chlamydomonas tolerance to high light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qiang Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jie Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jinrong Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Pulian Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Guoyang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuying Shan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Tengyue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Xi'an 710069, China
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Fu W, Cui Z, Guo J, Cui X, Han G, Zhu Y, Hu J, Gao X, Li Y, Xu M, Fu A, Wang F. Immunophilin CYN28 is required for accumulation of photosystem II and thylakoid FtsH protease in Chlamydomonas. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1002-1016. [PMID: 36417279 PMCID: PMC9922407 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Excess light causes severe photodamage to photosystem II (PSII) where the primary charge separation for electron transfer takes place. Dissection of mechanisms underlying the PSII maintenance and repair cycle in green algae promotes the usage of genetic engineering and synthetic biology to improve photosynthesis and biomass production. In this study, we systematically analyzed the high light (HL) responsive immunophilin genes in Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and identified one chloroplast lumen-localized immunophilin, CYN28, as an essential player in HL tolerance. Lack of CYN28 caused HL hypersensitivity, severely reduced accumulation of PSII supercomplexes and compromised PSII repair in cyn28. The thylakoid FtsH (filamentation temperature-sensitive H) is an essential AAA family metalloprotease involved in the degradation of photodamaged D1 during the PSII repair cycle and was identified as one potential target of CYN28. In the cyn28 mutant, the thylakoid FtsH undergoes inefficient turnover under HL conditions. The CYN28-FtsH1/2 interaction relies on the FtsH N-terminal proline residues and is strengthened particularly under HL. Further analyses demonstrated CYN28 displays peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity, which is necessary for its physiological function. Taken together, we propose that immunophilin CYN28 participates in PSII maintenance and regulates the homeostasis of FtsH under HL stress via its PPIase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihan Fu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiayu Cui
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guomao Han
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinju Hu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yeqing Li
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Xu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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Suri A, Singh H, Kaur K, Kaachra A, Singh P. Genome-wide characterization of FK506-binding proteins, parvulins and phospho-tyrosyl phosphatase activators in wheat and their regulation by heat stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1053524. [PMID: 36589073 PMCID: PMC9797600 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1053524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases) are ubiquitous proteins which are essential for cis-trans isomerisation of peptide bonds preceding the proline residue. PPIases are categorized into four sub-families viz., cyclophilins, FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), parvulins and protein phosphatase 2A phosphatase activators (PTPAs). Apart from catalysing the cis-trans isomerization, these proteins have also been implicated in diverse cellular functions. Though PPIases have been identified in several important crop plants, information on these proteins, except cyclophilins, is scanty in wheat. In order to understand the role of these genes in wheat, we carried out genome-wide identification using computational approaches. The present study resulted in identification of 71 FKBP (TaFKBP) 12 parvulin (TaPar) and 3 PTPA (TaPTPA) genes in hexaploid wheat genome, which are distributed on different chromosomes with uneven gene densities. The TaFKBP and TaPar proteins, besides PPIase domain, also contain additional domains, indicating functional diversification. In silico prediction also revealed that TaFKBPs are localized to ER, nucleus, chloroplast and cytoplasm, while the TaPars are confined to cytoplasm and nucleus. The TaPTPAs, on the contrary, appear to be present only in the cytoplasm. Evolutionary studies predicted that most of the TaFKBP, TaPar and TaPTPA genes in hexaploid wheat have been derived from their progenitor species, with some events of loss or gain. Syntenic analysis revealed the presence of many collinear blocks of TaFKBP genes in wheat and its sub-genome donors. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that expression of TaFKBP and TaPar genes is regulated differentially by heat stress, suggesting their likely involvement in thermotolerance. The findings of this study will provide basis for further functional characterization of these genes and their likely applications in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anantika Suri
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hans Raj Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Anish Kaachra
- Biotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, HP, India
| | - Prabhjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Zhang M, Zeng Y, Peng R, Dong J, Lan Y, Duan S, Chang Z, Ren J, Luo G, Liu B, Růžička K, Zhao K, Wang HB, Jin HL. N 6-methyladenosine RNA modification regulates photosynthesis during photodamage in plants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7441. [PMID: 36460653 PMCID: PMC9718803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNAs affects many biological processes. However, the function of m6A in plant photosynthesis remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that m6A modification is crucial for photosynthesis during photodamage caused by high light stress in plants. The m6A modification levels of numerous photosynthesis-related transcripts are changed after high light stress. We determine that the Arabidopsis m6A writer VIRILIZER (VIR) positively regulates photosynthesis, as its genetic inactivation drastically lowers photosynthetic activity and photosystem protein abundance under high light conditions. The m6A levels of numerous photosynthesis-related transcripts decrease in vir mutants, extensively reducing their transcript and translation levels, as revealed by multi-omics analyses. We demonstrate that VIR associates with the transcripts of genes encoding proteins with functions related to photoprotection (such as HHL1, MPH1, and STN8) and their regulatory proteins (such as regulators of transcript stability and translation), promoting their m6A modification and maintaining their stability and translation efficiency. This study thus reveals an important mechanism for m6A-dependent maintenance of photosynthetic efficiency in plants under high light stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.484195.5Institution of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, 510640 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunping Zeng
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Peng
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Dong
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yelin Lan
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sujuan Duan
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyi Chang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Ren
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanzheng Luo
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kamil Růžička
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kewei Zhao
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.263, Longxi Avenue, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lei Jin
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.263, Longxi Avenue, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Chen Q, Xiao Y, Ming Y, Peng R, Hu J, Wang HB, Jin HL. Quantitative proteomics reveals redox-based functional regulation of photosynthesis under fluctuating light in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:2168-2186. [PMID: 35980302 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis involves a series of redox reactions and is the major source of reactive oxygen species in plant cells. Fluctuating light (FL) levels, which occur commonly in natural environments, affect photosynthesis; however, little is known about the specific effects of FL on the redox regulation of photosynthesis. Here, we performed global quantitative mapping of the Arabidopsis thaliana cysteine thiol redox proteome under constant light and FL conditions. We identified 8857 redox-switched thiols in 4350 proteins, and 1501 proteins that are differentially modified depending on light conditions. Notably, proteins related to photosynthesis, especially photosystem I (PSI), are operational thiol-switching hotspots. Exposure of wild-type A. thaliana to FL resulted in decreased PSI abundance, stability, and activity. Interestingly, in response to PSI photodamage, more of the PSI assembly factor PSA3 dynamically switches to the reduced state. Furthermore, the Cys199 and Cys200 sites in PSA3 are necessary for its full function. Moreover, thioredoxin m (Trx m) proteins play roles in redox switching of PSA3, and are required for PSI activity and photosynthesis. This study thus reveals a mechanism for redox-based regulation of PSI under FL, and provides insight into the dynamic acclimation of photosynthesis in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yixian Xiao
- Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Ming
- Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rong Peng
- Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiliang Hu
- Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hong-Lei Jin
- Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Shi Y, Ke X, Yang X, Liu Y, Hou X. Plants response to light stress. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:735-747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhu W, Xu L, Yu X, Zhong Y. The immunophilin CYCLOPHILIN28 affects PSII-LHCII supercomplex assembly and accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:915-929. [PMID: 35199452 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In plant chloroplasts, photosystem II (PSII) complexes, together with light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), form various PSII-LHCII supercomplexes (SCs). This process likely involves immunophilins, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are unclear. Here, by comparing Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking the chloroplast lumen-localized immunophilin CYCLOPHILIN28 (CYP28) to wild-type and transgenic complemented lines, we determined that CYP28 regulates the assembly and accumulation of PSII-LHCII SCs. Compared to the wild type, cyp28 plants showed accelerated leaf growth, earlier flowering time, and enhanced accumulation of high molecular weight PSII-LHCII SCs under normal light conditions. The lack of CYP28 also significantly affected the electron transport rate. Blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed more Lhcb6 and less Lhcb4 in M-LHCII-Lhcb4-Lhcb6 complexes in cyp28 versus wild-type plants. Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) activity assays revealed that CYP28 exhibits weak PPIase activity and that its K113 and E187 residues are critical for this activity. Mutant analysis suggested that CYP28 may regulate PSII-LHCII SC accumulation by altering the configuration of Lhcb6 via its PPIase activity. Furthermore, the Lhcb6-P139 residue is critical for PSII-LHCII SC assembly and accumulation. Therefore, our findings suggest that CYP28 likely regulates PSII-LHCII SC assembly and accumulation by altering the configuration of P139 of Lhcb6 via its PPIase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weining Zhu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Linqing Xu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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WHIRLY1 functions in the nucleus to regulate barley leaf development and associated metabolite profiles. Biochem J 2022; 479:641-659. [PMID: 35212355 PMCID: PMC9022988 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The WHIRLY (WHY) DNA/RNA binding proteins fulfil multiple but poorly characterised functions in leaf development. Here, we show that WHY1 transcript levels were highest in the bases of 7-day old barley leaves. Immunogold labelling revealed that the WHY1 protein was more abundant in the nuclei than the proplastids of the leaf bases. To identify transcripts associated with leaf development we conducted hierarchical clustering of differentially abundant transcripts along the developmental gradient of wild-type leaves. Similarly, metabolite profiling was employed to identify metabolites exhibiting a developmental gradient. A comparative analysis of transcripts and metabolites in barley lines (W1–1 and W1–7) lacking WHY1, which show delayed greening compared with the wild type revealed that the transcript profile of leaf development was largely unchanged in W1–1 and W1–7 leaves. However, there were differences in levels of several transcripts encoding transcription factors associated with chloroplast development. These include a barley homologue of the Arabidopsis GATA transcription factor that regulates stomatal development, greening and chloroplast development, NAC1; two transcripts with similarity to Arabidopsis GLK1 and two transcripts encoding ARF transcriptions factors with functions in leaf morphogenesis and development. Chloroplast proteins were less abundant in the W1–1 and W1–7 leaves than the wild type. The levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and GABA were significantly lower in WHY1 knockdown leaves than the wild type. This study provides evidence that WHY1 is localised in the nuclei of leaf bases, contributing the regulation of nuclear-encoded transcripts that regulate chloroplast development.
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Selles B, Dhalleine T, Boutilliat A, Rouhier N, Couturier J. A Redox-Sensitive Cysteine Is Required for PIN1At Function. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:735423. [PMID: 34975936 PMCID: PMC8716364 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.735423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parvulins are ubiquitous peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases) required for protein folding and regulation. Among parvulin members, Arabidopsis PIN1At, human PIN1, and yeast ESS1 share a conserved cysteine residue but differ by the presence of an N-terminal WW domain, absent in PIN1At. In this study, we have explored whether the cysteine residue of Arabidopsis PIN1At is involved in catalysis and subject to oxidative modifications. From the functional complementation of yeast ess1 mutant, we concluded that the cysteine at position 69 is mandatory for PIN1At function in vivo, unless being replaced by an Asp which is found in a few parvulin members. This result correlates with a decrease of the in vitro PPIase activity of non-functional PIN1At cysteinic variants. A decrease of PIN1At activity was observed upon H2O2 treatment. The in vitro oxidation of cysteine 69, which has an acidic pKa value of 4.9, leads to the formation of covalent dimers that are reduced by thioredoxins, or to sulfinic or sulfonic acid forms at higher H2O2 excess. These investigations highlight the importance of the sole cysteine residue of PIN1At for activity. The reversible formation of an intermolecular disulfide bond might constitute a protective or regulatory mechanism under oxidizing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jérémy Couturier
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Hao Y, Chu J, Shi L, Ma C, Hui L, Cao X, Wang Y, Xu M, Fu A. Identification of interacting proteins of Arabidopsis cyclophilin38 (AtCYP38) via multiple screening approaches reveals its possible broad functions in chloroplasts. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 264:153487. [PMID: 34358944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AtCYP38, a thylakoid lumen localized immunophilin, is found to be essential for photosystem II assembly and maintenance, but how AtCYP38 functions in chloroplast remains unknown. Based on previous functional studies and its crystal structure, we hypothesize that AtCYP38 should function via binding its targets or cofactors in the thylakoid lumen. To identify potential interacting proteins of AtCYP38, we first adopted ATTED-II and STRING web-tools, and found 12 proteins functionally related to AtCYP38. We then screened a yeast two-hybrid library including an Arabidopsis genome wide cDNA with different domain of AtCYP38, and five thylakoid lumen-localized targets were identified. In order to specifically search interacting proteins of AtCYP38 in the thylakoid lumen, we generated a yeast two-hybrid mini library including the thylakoid lumenal proteins and lumenal fractions of thylakoid membrane proteins, and we obtained six thylakoid membrane proteins and nine thylakoid lumenal proteins as interacting proteins of AtCYP38. The interactions between AtCYP38 and several potential targets were further confirmed via pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Together, a couple of new potential candidate interacting proteins of AtCYP38 were identified, and the results will lay a foundation for unveiling the regulatory mechanisms in photosynthesis by AtCYP38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Hao
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, China P.R.229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Jiashu Chu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, China P.R.229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Lujing Shi
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, China P.R.229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, China P.R.229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Liangliang Hui
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, China P.R.229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xiaofei Cao
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, China P.R.229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, China P.R.229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Min Xu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, China P.R.229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, China P.R.229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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11
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Characterization of the Free and Membrane-Associated Fractions of the Thylakoid Lumen Proteome in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158126. [PMID: 34360890 PMCID: PMC8346976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thylakoid lumen houses proteins that are vital for photosynthetic electron transport, including water-splitting at photosystem (PS) II and shuttling of electrons from cytochrome b6f to PSI. Other lumen proteins maintain photosynthetic activity through biogenesis and turnover of PSII complexes. Although all lumen proteins are soluble, these known details have highlighted interactions of some lumen proteins with thylakoid membranes or thylakoid-intrinsic proteins. Meanwhile, the functional details of most lumen proteins, as well as their distribution between the soluble and membrane-associated lumen fractions, remain unknown. The current study isolated the soluble free lumen (FL) and membrane-associated lumen (MAL) fractions from Arabidopsis thaliana, and used gel- and mass spectrometry-based proteomics methods to analyze the contents of each proteome. These results identified 60 lumenal proteins, and clearly distinguished the difference between the FL and MAL proteomes. The most abundant proteins in the FL fraction were involved in PSII assembly and repair, while the MAL proteome was enriched in proteins that support the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). Novel proteins, including a new PsbP domain-containing isoform, as well as several novel post-translational modifications and N-termini, are reported, and bi-dimensional separation of the lumen proteome identified several protein oligomers in the thylakoid lumen.
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12
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Wang D, Wang C, Li C, Song H, Qin J, Chang H, Fu W, Wang Y, Wang F, Li B, Hao Y, Xu M, Fu A. Functional Relationship of Arabidopsis AOXs and PTOX Revealed via Transgenic Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:692847. [PMID: 34367216 PMCID: PMC8336870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.692847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) and plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) are terminal oxidases of electron transfer in mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. Here, taking advantage of the variegation phenotype of the Arabidopsis PTOX deficient mutant (im), we examined the functional relationship between PTOX and its five distantly related homologs (AOX1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, and AOX2). When engineered into chloroplasts, AOX1b, 1c, 1d, and AOX2 rescued the im defect, while AOX1a partially suppressed the mutant phenotype, indicating that AOXs could function as PQH2 oxidases. When the full length AOXs were overexpressed in im, only AOX1b and AOX2 rescued its variegation phenotype. In vivo fluorescence analysis of GFP-tagged AOXs and subcellular fractionation assays showed that AOX1b and AOX2 could partially enter chloroplasts while AOX1c and AOX1d were exclusively present in mitochondria. Surprisingly, the subcellular fractionation, but not the fluorescence analysis of GFP-tagged AOX1a, revealed that a small portion of AOX1a could sort into chloroplasts. We further fused and expressed the targeting peptides of AOXs with the mature form of PTOX in im individually; and found that targeting peptides of AOX1a, AOX1b, and AOX2, but not that of AOX1c or AOX1d, could direct PTOX into chloroplasts. It demonstrated that chloroplast-localized AOXs, but not mitochondria-localized AOXs, can functionally compensate for the PTOX deficiency in chloroplasts, providing a direct evidence for the functional relevance of AOX and PTOX, shedding light on the interaction between mitochondria and chloroplasts and the complex mechanisms of protein dual targeting in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Wang
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Cai Li
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Han Chang
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weihan Fu
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yaqi Hao
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Xu
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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13
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Shi L, Du L, Wen J, Zong X, Zhao W, Wang J, Xu M, Wang Y, Fu A. Conserved Residues in the C-Terminal Domain Affect the Structure and Function of CYP38 in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:630644. [PMID: 33732275 PMCID: PMC7959726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.630644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis cyclophilin38 (CYP38) is a thylakoid lumen protein critial for PSII assembly and maintenance, and its C-terminal region serves as the target binding domain. We hypothesized that four conserved residues (R290, F294, Q372, and F374) in the C-terminal domain are critical for the structure and function of CYP38. In yeast two-hybrid and protein pull-down assays, CYP38s with single-sited mutations (R290A, F294A, Q372A, or F374A) did not interact with the CP47 E-loop as the wild-type CYP38. In contrast, CYP38 with the R290A/F294A/Q372A/F374A quadruple mutation could bind the CP47 E-loop. Gene transformation analysis showed that the quadruple mutation prevented CYP38 to efficiently complement the mutant phenotype of cyp38. The C-terminal domain half protein with the quadruple mutation, like the wild-type one, could interact with the N-terminal domain or the CP47 E-loop in vitro. The cyp38 plants expressing CYP38 with the quadruple mutation showed a similar BN-PAGE profile as cyp38, but distinct from the wild type. The CYP38 protein with the quadruple mutation associated with the thylakoid membrane less efficiently than the wild-type CYP38. We concluded that these four conserved residues are indispensable as changes of all these residues together resulted in a subtle conformational change of CYP38 and reduced its intramolecular N-C interaction and the ability to associate with the thylakoid membrane, thus impairing its function in chloroplast.
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14
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Shi Y, Che Y, Wang Y, Luan S, Hou X. Loss of mature D1 leads to compromised CP43 assembly in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:106. [PMID: 33610179 PMCID: PMC7896377 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosystem II (PSII) is a highly conserved integral-membrane multi-subunit pigment-protein complex. The proteins, pigments, lipids, and ions in PSII need to be assembled precisely to ensure a proper PSII biogenesis. D1 is the main subunit of PSII core reaction center (RC), and is usually synthesized as a precursor D1. D1 maturation by the C-terminal processing protease CtpA is essential for PSII assembly. However, the detailed mechanism about how D1 maturation affects PSII assembly is not clearly elucidated so far. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana CtpA mutant (atctpa: SALK_056011), which lacks the D1 mature process, was used to investigate the function of this process on PSII assembly in more details. RESULTS Without the C-terminal processing of precursor D1, PSII assembly, including PSII monomer, dimer, especially PSII supercomplexes (PSII SCs), was largely compromised as reported previously. Western blotting following the BN-2D-SDS PAGE revealed that although the assembly of PSII core proteins D2, CP43 and CP47 was affected by the loss of D1 mature process, the incorporation of CP43 was affected the most, indicated by its most reduced assembly efficiency into PSII SCs. Furthermore, the slower growth of yeast cells which were co-transformed with pD1 and CP43, when compared with the ones co-transformed with mature D1 and CP43, approved the existence of D1 C-terminal tail hindered the interaction efficiency between D1 and CP43, indicating the physiological importance of D1 mature process on the PSII assembly and the healthy growth of the organisms. CONCLUSIONS The knockout Arabidopsis atctpa mutant is a good material to study the unexpected link between D1 maturation and PSII SCs assembly. The loss of D1 maturation mainly affects the incorporation of PSII core protein CP43, an inner antenna binding protein, which functions in the association of LHCII complexes to PSII dimers during the formation of PSII SCs. Our findings here provide detailed supports of the role of D1 maturation during PSII SCs assembly in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yufen Che
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yukun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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15
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Cheung MY, Auyeung WK, Li KP, Lam HM. A Rice Immunophilin Homolog, OsFKBP12, Is a Negative Regulator of Both Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228791. [PMID: 33233855 PMCID: PMC7699956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A class of proteins that were discovered to bind the immunosuppressant drug FK506, called FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), are members of a sub-family of immunophilins. Although they were first identified in human, FKBPs exist in all three domains of life. In this report, a rice FKBP12 homolog was first identified as a biotic stress-related gene through suppression subtractive hybridization screening. By ectopically expressing OsFKBP12 in the heterologous model plant system, Arabidopsis thaliana, for functional characterization, OsFKBP12 was found to increase susceptibility of the plant to the pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). This negative regulatory role of FKBP12 in biotic stress responses was also demonstrated in the AtFKBP12-knockout mutant, which exhibited higher resistance towards Pst DC3000. Furthermore, this higher-plant FKBP12 homolog was also shown to be a negative regulator of salt tolerance. Using yeast two-hybrid tests, an ancient unconventional G-protein, OsYchF1, was identified as an interacting partner of OsFKBP12. OsYchF1 was previously reported as a negative regulator of both biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, OsFKBP12 probably also plays negative regulatory roles at the convergence of biotic and abiotic stress response pathways in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yan Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR; (M.-Y.C.); (W.-K.A.); (K.-P.L.)
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wan-Kin Auyeung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR; (M.-Y.C.); (W.-K.A.); (K.-P.L.)
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kwan-Pok Li
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR; (M.-Y.C.); (W.-K.A.); (K.-P.L.)
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR; (M.-Y.C.); (W.-K.A.); (K.-P.L.)
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
- Correspondence:
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16
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Singh H, Kaur K, Singh M, Kaur G, Singh P. Plant Cyclophilins: Multifaceted Proteins With Versatile Roles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:585212. [PMID: 33193535 PMCID: PMC7641896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.585212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins constitute a family of ubiquitous proteins that bind cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressant drug. Several of these proteins possess peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of the peptide bond preceding a proline residue, essential for correct folding of the proteins. Compared to prokaryotes and other eukaryotes studied until now, the cyclophilin gene families in plants exhibit considerable expansion. With few exceptions, the role of the majority of these proteins in plants is still a matter of conjecture. However, recent studies suggest that cyclophilins are highly versatile proteins with multiple functionalities, and regulate a plethora of growth and development processes in plants, ranging from hormone signaling to the stress response. The present review discusses the implications of cyclophilins in different facets of cellular processes, particularly in the context of plants, and provides a glimpse into the molecular mechanisms by which these proteins fine-tune the diverse physiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hans Raj Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Mangaljeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Gundeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- William Harvey Heart Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prabhjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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17
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Wang J, Sun W, Kong X, Zhao C, Li J, Chen Y, Gao Z, Zuo K. The peptidyl-prolyl isomerases FKBP15-1 and FKBP15-2 negatively affect lateral root development by repressing the vacuolar invertase VIN2 in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2020; 252:52. [PMID: 32945964 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl isomerases FKBP15-1 and FKBP15-2 negatively modulate lateral root development by repressing vacuolar invertase VIN2 activity. Lateral root (LR) architecture greatly affects the efficiency of nutrient absorption and the anchorage of plants. Although the internal phytohormone regulatory mechanisms that control LR development are well known, how external nutrients influence lateral root development remains elusive. Here, we characterized the function of two FK506-binding proteins, namely, FKBP15-1 and FKBP15-2, in Arabidopsis. FKBP15-1/15-2 genes were expressed prominently in the vascular bundles of the root basal meristem region, and the FKBP15-1/15-2 proteins were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of the cells. Using IP-MS, Co-IP, and BiFC assays, we demonstrated that FKBP15-1 and FKBP15-2 interacted with vacuolar invertase 2 (VIN2). Compared to Col-0 and the single mutants, the fkbp15-1fkbp15-2 double mutant had more LRs, and presented higher sucrose catalytic activity. Moreover, genetic analysis showed genetic epistasis of VIN2 over FKBP15-1/FKBP15-2 in controlling LR development. Our results indicate that FKBP15-1 and FKBP15-2 participate in the control of LR number by inhibiting the catalytic activity of VIN2. Owing to the conserved peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase activity of FKBP family proteins, our results provide a clue for further analysis of the interplay between lateral root development and protein modification by FKBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiuzhen Kong
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianfu Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhengyin Gao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kaijing Zuo
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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18
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Shi Y, Chen J, Hou X. Similarities and Differences of Photosynthesis Establishment Related mRNAs and Novel lncRNAs in Early Seedlings (Coleoptile/Cotyledon vs. True Leaf) of Rice and Arabidopsis. Front Genet 2020; 11:565006. [PMID: 33093843 PMCID: PMC7506105 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.565006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis uses sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce biomass that is vital to all life on earth. In seed plants, leaf is the main organ for photosynthesis and production of organic nutrients. The seeds are mobilized to fuel post-germination seedling growth until seedling photosynthesis can be efficiently established. However, the photosynthesis and metabolism in the early growth and development have not been studied systematically and are still largely unknown. In this study, we used two model plants, rice (Oryza sativa L.; monocotyledonous) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; dicotyledonous) to determine the similarities and differences in photosynthesis in cotyledons and true leaves during the early developmental stages. The photosynthesis-related genes and proteins, and chloroplast functions were determined through RNA-seq, real-time PCR, western blotting and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. We found that in rice, the photosynthesis established gradually from coleoptile (cpt), incomplete leaf (icl) to first complete leaf (fcl); whereas, in Arabidopsis, photosynthesis well-developed in cotyledon, and the photosynthesis-related genes and proteins expressed comparably in cotyledon (cot), first true leaf (ftl) and second true leaf (stl). Additionally, we attempted to establish an mRNA-lncRNA signature to explore the similarities and differences in photosynthesis establishment between the two species, and found that DEGs, including encoding mRNAs and novel lncRNAs, related to photosynthesis in three stages have considerable differences between rice and Arabidopsis. Further GO and KEGG analysis systematically revealed the similarities and differences of expression styles of photosystem subunits and assembly factors, and starch and sucrose metabolisms between cotyledons and true leaves in the two species. Our results help to elucidate the gene functions of mRNA-lncRNA signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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19
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de Vries J, de Vries S, Curtis BA, Zhou H, Penny S, Feussner K, Pinto DM, Steinert M, Cohen AM, von Schwartzenberg K, Archibald JM. Heat stress response in the closest algal relatives of land plants reveals conserved stress signaling circuits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1025-1048. [PMID: 32333477 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
All land plants (embryophytes) share a common ancestor that likely evolved from a filamentous freshwater alga. Elucidating the transition from algae to embryophytes - and the eventual conquering of Earth's surface - is one of the most fundamental questions in plant evolutionary biology. Here, we investigated one of the organismal properties that might have enabled this transition: resistance to drastic temperature shifts. We explored the effect of heat stress in Mougeotia and Spirogyra, two representatives of Zygnematophyceae - the closest known algal sister lineage to land plants. Heat stress induced pronounced phenotypic alterations in their plastids, and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy-based profiling of 565 transitions for the analysis of main central metabolites revealed significant shifts in 43 compounds. We also analyzed the global differential gene expression responses triggered by heat, generating 92.8 Gbp of sequence data and assembling a combined set of 8905 well-expressed genes. Each organism had its own distinct gene expression profile; less than one-half of their shared genes showed concordant gene expression trends. We nevertheless detected common signature responses to heat such as elevated transcript levels for molecular chaperones, thylakoid components, and - corroborating our metabolomic data - amino acid metabolism. We also uncovered the heat-stress responsiveness of genes for phosphorelay-based signal transduction that links environmental cues, calcium signatures and plastid biology. Our data allow us to infer the molecular heat stress response that the earliest land plants might have used when facing the rapidly shifting temperature conditions of the terrestrial habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bruce A Curtis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Hong Zhou
- Microalgae and Zygnematophyceae Collection Hamburg (MZCH) and Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Penny
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Devanand M Pinto
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Rd, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alejandro M Cohen
- Biological Spectrometry Core Facility, Life Sciences Research Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Klaus von Schwartzenberg
- Microalgae and Zygnematophyceae Collection Hamburg (MZCH) and Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John M Archibald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 661 University Ave, Suite 505, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
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20
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Dong Q, Mao K, Duan D, Zhao S, Wang Y, Wang Q, Huang D, Li C, Liu C, Gong X, Ma F. Genome-wide analyses of genes encoding FK506-binding proteins reveal their involvement in abiotic stress responses in apple. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:707. [PMID: 30253753 PMCID: PMC6156878 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) play diverse roles in numerous critical processes for plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. However, the FKBP gene family in the important fruit crop apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) has not been studied as thoroughly as in other species. Our research objective was to investigate the mechanisms by which apple FKBPs enable apple plants to tolerate the effects of abiotic stresses. Results Using bioinformatics-based methods, RT-PCR, and qRT-PCR technologies, we identified 38 FKBP genes and cloned 16 of them in the apple genome. The phylogenetic analysis revealed three major groups within that family. The results from sequence alignments, 3-D structures, phylogenetics, and analyses of conserved domains indicated that apple FKBPs are highly and structurally conserved. Furthermore, genomics structure analysis showed that those genes are also highly and structurally conserved in several other species. Comprehensive qRT-PCR analysis found various expression patterns for MdFKBPs in different tissues and in plant responses to water-deficit and salt stresses. Based on the results from interaction network and co-expression analyses, we determined that the pairing in the MdFKBP62a/MdFKBP65a/b-mediated network is involved in water-deficit and salt-stress signaling, both of which are uniformly up-regulated through interactions with heat shock proteins in apple. Conclusions These results provide new insight for further study of FKBP genes and their functions in abiotic stress response and multiple metabolic and physiological processes in apple. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5097-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dingyue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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21
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Rangsrikitphoti P, Durnford DG. Transcriptome Profiling of Bigelowiella natans in Response to Light Stress. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 66:316-333. [PMID: 30055063 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bigelowiella natans is a marine chlorarachniophyte whose plastid was acquired secondarily via endosymbiosis with a green alga. During plastid evolution, the photosynthetic endosymbiont would have integrated with the host metabolic pathways. This would require the evolution and coordination of strategies to cope with changes in light intensity that includes changes in the expression of both endosymbiont and host-derived genes. To investigate the transcriptional response to light intensity in chlorarachniophytes, we conducted an RNA-seq experiment to identify differentially expressed genes following a 4-h shift to high or very-low light. A shift to high light altered the expression of over 2,000 genes, many involved with photosynthesis, PSII assembly, primary metabolism, and reactive-oxygen scavenging. These changes are an attempt to optimize photosynthesis and increase energy sinks for excess reductant, while minimizing photooxidative stress. A transfer to very-low light resulted in a lower photosynthetic performance and metabolic alteration, reflecting an energy-limited state. Genes located on the nucleomorph, the vestigial nucleus in the plastid, had few changes in expression in either light treatment, indicating this organelle has relinquished most transcriptional control to the nucleus. Overall, during plastid origin, both host and transferred endosymbiont genes evolved a harmonized transcriptional network to respond to a classic photosynthetic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dion G Durnford
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
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22
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Zhang B, Zhang C, Liu C, Jing Y, Wang Y, Jin L, Yang L, Fu A, Shi J, Zhao F, Lan W, Luan S. Inner Envelope CHLOROPLAST MANGANESE TRANSPORTER 1 Supports Manganese Homeostasis and Phototrophic Growth in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:943-954. [PMID: 29734003 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential catalytic metal in the Mn-cluster that oxidizes water to produce oxygen during photosynthesis. However, the transport protein(s) responsible for Mn2+ import into the chloroplast remains unknown. Here, we report the characterization of Arabidopsis CMT1 (Chloroplast Manganese Transporter 1), an evolutionarily conserved protein in the Uncharacterized Protein Family 0016 (UPF0016), that is required for manganese accumulation into the chloroplast. CMT1 is expressed primarily in green tissues, and its encoded product is localized in the inner envelope membrane of the chloroplast. Disruption of CMT1 in the T-DNA insertional mutant cmt1-1 resulted in stunted plant growth, defective thylakoid stacking, and severe reduction of photosystem II complexes and photosynthetic activity. Consistent with reduced oxygen evolution capacity, the mutant chloroplasts contained less manganese than the wild-type ones. In support of its function as a Mn transporter, CMT1 protein supported the growth and enabled Mn2+ accumulation in the yeast cells of Mn2+-uptake deficient mutant (Δsmf1). Taken together, our results indicate that CMT1 functions as an inner envelope Mn transporter responsible for chloroplast Mn2+ uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Congge Liu
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanping Jing
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fugeng Zhao
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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23
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Qin J, Tang Z, Ma X, Meng Y. Investigating the regulatory roles of the microRNAs and the Argonaute 1-enriched small RNAs in plant metabolism. Gene 2017; 628:180-189. [PMID: 28698160 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The biological roles of small RNAs (sRNAs) in metabolic processes are emerging. However, a systemic study is needed to investigate the wide-spread involvement of the sRNAs in plant metabolism. By using the metabolism-related transcripts retrieved from the public database Plant Metabolic Network, and the publicly available sRNA high-throughput sequencing data, large-scale target identification was performed for microRNAs (miRNAs) and Argonaute 1 (AGO1)-enriched sRNAs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa). Based on the publicly available degradome sequencing data, 200 miRNA/sRNA-target pairs involving 19 miRNAs, 111 AGO1-enriched sRNAs and 58 target transcripts in Arabidopsis, and 151 pairs involving 62 miRNAs, 33 AGO1-enriched sRNAs and 69 target transcripts in rice were identified. After considering protein-protein interactions for the above identified target genes, a total of 251 pairs involving 21 miRNAs, 120 AGO1-enriched sRNAs and 75 target transcripts exist within the regulatory network of Arabidopsis, and 168 pairs involving 64 miRNAs, 38 AGO1-enriched sRNAs and 80 target transcripts exist in rice. Based on GO (Gene Ontology) term enrichment analysis, the targets within the networks of both plants are enriched in "metabolic process" and "catalytic activity", pointing to the high relevance of the established networks to metabolism. Several functionally conserved subnetworks were identified between the two plant species. Our study provides a basis for studies on metabolism-related sRNAs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Qin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Zhonghai Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxia Ma
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, PR China
| | - Yijun Meng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, PR China.
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24
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Wang Z, Liu W, Fan G, Zhai X, Zhao Z, Dong Y, Deng M, Cao Y. Quantitative proteome-level analysis of paulownia witches' broom disease with methyl methane sulfonate assistance reveals diverse metabolic changes during the infection and recovery processes. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3495. [PMID: 28690927 PMCID: PMC5497676 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) disease caused by phytoplasma is a fatal disease that leads to considerable economic losses. Although there are a few reports describing studies of PaWB pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying phytoplasma pathogenicity in Paulownia trees remain uncharacterized. In this study, after building a transcriptome database containing 67,177 sequences, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to quantify and analyze the proteome-level changes among healthy P. fortunei (PF), PaWB-infected P. fortunei (PFI), and PaWB-infected P. fortunei treated with 20 mg L-1 or 60 mg L-1 methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) (PFI-20 and PFI-60, respectively). A total of 2,358 proteins were identified. We investigated the proteins profiles in PF vs. PFI (infected process) and PFI-20 vs. PFI-60 (recovered process), and further found that many of the MMS-response proteins mapped to "photosynthesis" and "ribosome" pathways. Based on our comparison scheme, 36 PaWB-related proteins were revealed. Among them, 32 proteins were classified into three functional groups: (1) carbohydrate and energy metabolism, (2) protein synthesis and degradation, and (3) stress resistance. We then investigated the PaWB-related proteins involved in the infected and recovered processes, and discovered that carbohydrate and energy metabolism was inhibited, and protein synthesis and degradation decreased, as the plant responded to PaWB. Our observations may be useful for characterizing the proteome-level changes that occur at different stages of PaWB disease. The data generated in this study may serve as a valuable resource for elucidating the pathogenesis of PaWB disease during phytoplasma infection and recovery stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenshan Liu
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Fan
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Zhenli Zhao
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanpeng Dong
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minjie Deng
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yabing Cao
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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25
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Theis J, Schroda M. Revisiting the photosystem II repair cycle. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1218587. [PMID: 27494214 PMCID: PMC5058467 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1218587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability of photosystem (PS) II to catalyze the light-driven oxidation of water comes along with its vulnerability to oxidative damage, in particular of the D1 core subunit. Photodamaged PSII undergoes repair in a multi-step process involving (i) reversible phosphorylation of PSII core subunits; (ii) monomerization and lateral migration of the PSII core from grana to stroma thylakoids; (iii) partial disassembly of PSII; (iv) proteolytic degradation of damaged D1; (v) replacement of damaged D1 protein with a new copy; (vi) reassembly of PSII monomers and migration back to grana thylakoids for dimerization and supercomplex assembly. Here we review the current knowledge on the PSII repair cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Theis
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- CONTACT Michael Schroda Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 70, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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26
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Nascimento-Gavioli MCA, Agapito-Tenfen SZ, Nodari RO, Welter LJ, Sanchez Mora FD, Saifert L, da Silva AL, Guerra MP. Proteome of Plasmopara viticola-infected Vitis vinifera provides insights into grapevine Rpv1/Rpv3 pyramided resistance to downy mildew. J Proteomics 2016; 151:264-274. [PMID: 27235723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the major fruit crops worldwide and requires phytochemical use due to susceptibility to numerous pests, including downy mildew. The pyramiding of previous identified QTL resistance regions allows selection of genotypes with combined resistance loci in order to build up sustainable resistance. This study investigates resistance response of pyramided plants containing Rpv1 and Rpv3 loci to Plasmopara viticola infection process. Phenotypic characterization showed complete resistance and lack of necrotic hypersensitive response spots. Principal Component Analysis revealed infected 96hpi (hours post-inoculation) samples with the most distant proteomes of the entire dataset, followed by the proteome of infected 48hpi samples. Quantitative and qualitative protein differences observed using 2-DE gels coupled to nanoHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis showed a lack of transient breakdown in defense responses (biphasic modulation) accompanying the onset of disease. Forty-one proteins were identified, which were mainly included into functional categories of redox and energy metabolism. l-ascorbate degradation pathway was the major altered pathway and suggests up-regulation of anti-oxidant metabolism in response to apoplastic oxidative burst after infection. Overall, these data provide new insights into molecular basis of this incompatible interaction and suggests several targets that could potentially be exploited to develop new protection strategies against this pathogen. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provide new insights into the molecular basis of incompatible interaction between Plasmopara viticola and pyramided Rpv1/Rpv3 grapevine and suggests several targets that could potentially be exploited to develop new protection strategies against this pathogen. This is the first proteomic characterization of resistant grapevine available in the literature and it presents contrasting proteomic profiles of that of susceptible plants. The resistance against downy mildew in grapevine has been a long sought and the availability of resistance loci is of major importance. This is the first molecular characterization of resistance provided by Rpv1 and Rpv3 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rubens Onofre Nodari
- CropScience Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis 88034-000, Brazil.
| | - Leocir José Welter
- Agronomy Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Ulysses Gaboardi, Km 3, Curitibanos 89520-000, Brazil.
| | - Fernando David Sanchez Mora
- CropScience Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis 88034-000, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Saifert
- CropScience Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis 88034-000, Brazil.
| | - Aparecido Lima da Silva
- CropScience Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis 88034-000, Brazil.
| | - Miguel Pedro Guerra
- CropScience Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis 88034-000, Brazil.
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27
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Abstract
After a brief discussion of my graduate work at Duke University, I describe a series of investigations on redox proteins at the University of California, Berkeley. Starting with ferredoxin from fermentative bacteria, the Berkeley research fostered experiments that uncovered a pathway for fixing CO2 in bacterial photosynthesis. The carbon work, in turn, opened new vistas, including the discovery that thioredoxin functions universally in regulating the Calvin-Benson cycle in oxygenic photosynthesis. These experiments, which took place over a 50-year period, led to the formulation of a set of biological principles and set the stage for research demonstrating a role for redox in the regulation of previously unrecognized processes extending far beyond photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob B Buchanan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
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28
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Kang ZH, Wang GX. Redox regulation in the thylakoid lumen. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 192:28-37. [PMID: 26812087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants need to balance the efficiency of light energy absorption and dissipative photo-protection when exposed to fluctuations in light quantity and quality. This aim is partially realized through redox regulation within the chloroplast, which occurs in all chloroplast compartments except the envelope intermembrane space. In contrast to the chloroplast stroma, less attention has been paid to the thylakoid lumen, an inner, continuous space enclosed by the thylakoid membrane in which redox regulation is also essential for photosystem biogenesis and function. This sub-organelle compartment contains at least 80 lumenal proteins, more than 30 of which are known to contain disulfide bonds. Thioredoxins (Trx) in the chloroplast stroma are photo-reduced in the light, transferring reducing power to the proteins in the thylakoid membrane and ultimately the lumen through a trans-thylakoid membrane-reduced, equivalent pathway. The discovery of lumenal thiol oxidoreductase highlights the importance of the redox regulation network in the lumen for controlling disulfide bond formation, which is responsible for protein activity and folding and even plays a role in photo-protection. In addition, many lumenal members involved in photosystem assembly and non-photochemical quenching are likely required for reduction and/or oxidation to maintain their proper efficiency upon changes in light intensity. In light of recent findings, this review summarizes the multiple redox processes that occur in the thylakoid lumen in great detail, highlighting the essential auxiliary roles of lumenal proteins under fluctuating light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hui Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Gui-Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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29
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Tomašić Paić A, Fulgosi H. Chloroplast immunophilins. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:249-258. [PMID: 25963286 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunophilins occur in almost all living organisms. They are ubiquitously expressed proteins including cyclophilins, FK506/rapamycin-binding proteins, and parvulins. Their functional significance in vascular plants is mostly related to plant developmental processes, signalling, and regulation of photosynthesis. Enzymatically active immunophilins catalyse isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds and assist in rapid folding of nascent proline-containing polypeptides. They also participate in protein trafficking and assembly of supramolecular protein complexes. Complex immunophilins possess various additional functional domains associated with a multitude of molecular interactions. A considerable number of immunophilins act as auxiliary and/or regulatory proteins in highly specialized cellular compartments, such as lumen of thylakoids. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of so far identified chloroplast immunophilins that assist in specific assembly/repair processes necessary for the maintenance of efficient photosynthetic energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tomašić Paić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10002, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Fulgosi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10002, Zagreb, Croatia.
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30
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Yoon DH, Lee SS, Park HJ, Lyu JI, Chong WS, Liu JR, Kim BG, Ahn JC, Cho HS. Overexpression of OsCYP19-4 increases tolerance to cold stress and enhances grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:69-82. [PMID: 26453745 PMCID: PMC4682425 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AtCYP19-4 (also known as CYP5) was previously identified as interacting in vitro with GNOM, a member of a large family of ARF guanine nucleotide exchange factors that is required for proper polar localization of the auxin efflux carrier PIN1. The present study demonstrated that OsCYP19-4, a gene encoding a putative homologue of AtCYP19-4, was up-regulated by several stresses and showed over 10-fold up-regulation in response to cold. The study further demonstrated that the promoter of OsCYP19-4 was activated in response to cold stress. An OsCYP19-4-GFP fusion protein was targeted to the outside of the plasma membrane via the endoplasmic reticulum as determined using brefeldin A, a vesicle trafficking inhibitor. An in vitro assay with a synthetic substrate oligomer confirmed that OsCYP19-4 had peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity, as was previously reported for AtCYP19-4. Rice plants overexpressing OsCYP19-4 showed cold-resistance phenotypes with significantly increased tiller and spike numbers, and consequently enhanced grain weight, compared with wild-type plants. Based on these results, the authors suggest that OsCYP19-4 is required for developmental acclimation to environmental stresses, especially cold. Furthermore, the results point to the potential of manipulating OsCYP19-4 expression to enhance cold tolerance or to increase biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hwa Yoon
- Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Namwon 590-170, Korea
| | - Sang Sook Lee
- Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Park
- Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Jae Il Lyu
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu 711-873, Korea
| | - Won Seog Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Namwon 590-170, Korea
| | - Jang Ryol Liu
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu 711-873, Korea
| | - Beom-Gi Kim
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju 560-500, Korea
| | - Jun Cheul Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Namwon 590-170, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
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31
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Lu Y. Identification and Roles of Photosystem II Assembly, Stability, and Repair Factors in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:168. [PMID: 26909098 PMCID: PMC4754418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a multi-component pigment-protein complex that is responsible for water splitting, oxygen evolution, and plastoquinone reduction. Components of PSII can be classified into core proteins, low-molecular-mass proteins, extrinsic oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) proteins, and light-harvesting complex II proteins. In addition to these PSII subunits, more than 60 auxiliary proteins, enzymes, or components of thylakoid protein trafficking/targeting systems have been discovered to be directly or indirectly involved in de novo assembly and/or the repair and reassembly cycle of PSII. For example, components of thylakoid-protein-targeting complexes and the chloroplast-vesicle-transport system were found to deliver PSII subunits to thylakoid membranes. Various auxiliary proteins, such as PsbP-like (Psb stands for PSII) and light-harvesting complex-like proteins, atypical short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family proteins, and tetratricopeptide repeat proteins, were discovered to assist the de novo assembly and stability of PSII and the repair and reassembly cycle of PSII. Furthermore, a series of enzymes were discovered to catalyze important enzymatic steps, such as C-terminal processing of the D1 protein, thiol/disulfide-modulation, peptidylprolyl isomerization, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of PSII core and antenna proteins, and degradation of photodamaged PSII proteins. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the identities and molecular functions of different types of proteins that influence the assembly, stability, and repair of PSII in the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Heinz S, Liauw P, Nickelsen J, Nowaczyk M. Analysis of photosystem II biogenesis in cyanobacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1857:274-87. [PMID: 26592144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), a large multisubunit membrane protein complex found in the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria, algae and plants, catalyzes light-driven oxygen evolution from water and reduction of plastoquinone. Biogenesis of PSII requires coordinated assembly of at least 20 protein subunits, as well as incorporation of various organic and inorganic cofactors. The stepwise assembly process is facilitated by numerous protein factors that have been identified in recent years. Further analysis of this process requires the development or refinement of specific methods for the identification of novel assembly factors and, in particular, elucidation of the unique role of each. Here we summarize current knowledge of PSII biogenesis in cyanobacteria, focusing primarily on the impact of methodological advances and innovations. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Organization and dynamics of bioenergetic systems in bacteria, edited by Conrad Mullineaux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Heinz
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pasqual Liauw
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Marc Nowaczyk
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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Shin H, Hong SJ, Kim H, Yoo C, Lee H, Choi HK, Lee CG, Cho BK. Elucidation of the growth delimitation of Dunaliella tertiolecta under nitrogen stress by integrating transcriptome and peptidome analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 194:57-66. [PMID: 26185926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dunaliella tertiolecta LB 999 is an oleaginous microalgae species that produces large quantities of lipid and starch during nitrogen starvation; however, nitrogen starvation also limits the cell growth. In order to understand the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon, the transcriptome and peptidome of D. tertiolecta LB 999 grown under different nitrogen and light conditions were analyzed. Integration of the de novo assembly of transcriptome sequencing reads with peptidome analysis revealed 13,861 protein-coding transcripts, including 33 transcripts whose expression patterns were significantly altered along with the growth phenotypes. Interestingly, 21 of these genes, which were highly enriched in the plastid region, were associated with chlorophyll synthesis and tetrahydrofolate-mediated C1 metabolism. Furthermore, intracellular glutamate levels are predicted to be the main factor that acts as a switch for the regulation of cell growth and carbon accumulation. These data provide the genetic information of D. tertiolecta for its future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeonSeok Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Joo Hong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hookeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Choul-Gyun Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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Ifuku K. Localization and functional characterization of the extrinsic subunits of photosystem II: an update. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1223-31. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1031078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), which catalyzes photosynthetic water oxidation, is composed of more than 20 subunits, including membrane-intrinsic and -extrinsic proteins. The extrinsic proteins of PSII shield the catalytic Mn4CaO5 cluster from exogenous reductants and serve to optimize oxygen evolution at physiological ionic conditions. These proteins include PsbO, found in all oxygenic organisms, PsbP and PsbQ, specific to higher plants and green algae, and PsbU, PsbV, CyanoQ, and CyanoP in cyanobacteria. Furthermore, red algal PSII has PsbQ′ in addition to PsbO, PsbV, and PsbU, and diatoms have Psb31 in supplement to red algal-type extrinsic proteins, exemplifying the functional divergence of these proteins during evolution. This review provides an updated summary of recent findings on PSII extrinsic proteins and discusses their binding, function, and evolution within various photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Dent RM, Sharifi MN, Malnoë A, Haglund C, Calderon RH, Wakao S, Niyogi KK. Large-scale insertional mutagenesis of Chlamydomonas supports phylogenomic functional prediction of photosynthetic genes and analysis of classical acetate-requiring mutants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:337-51. [PMID: 25711437 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga that is a key model organism in the study of photosynthesis and oxidative stress. Here we describe the large-scale generation of a population of insertional mutants that have been screened for phenotypes related to photosynthesis and the isolation of 459 flanking sequence tags from 439 mutants. Recent phylogenomic analysis has identified a core set of genes, named GreenCut2, that are conserved in green algae and plants. Many of these genes are likely to be central to the process of photosynthesis, and they are over-represented by sixfold among the screened insertional mutants, with insertion events isolated in or adjacent to 68 of 597 GreenCut2 genes. This enrichment thus provides experimental support for functional assignments based on previous bioinformatic analysis. To illustrate one of the uses of the population, a candidate gene approach based on genome position of the flanking sequence of the insertional mutant CAL027_01_20 was used to identify the molecular basis of the classical C. reinhardtii mutation ac17. These mutations were shown to affect the gene PDH2, which encodes a subunit of the plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The mutants and associated flanking sequence data described here are publicly available to the research community, and they represent one of the largest phenotyped collections of algal insertional mutants to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Dent
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA; Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Hou X, Fu A, Garcia VJ, Buchanan BB, Luan S. PSB27: A thylakoid protein enabling Arabidopsis to adapt to changing light intensity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:1613-8. [PMID: 25605904 PMCID: PMC4321295 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In earlier studies we have identified FKBP20-2 and CYP38 as soluble proteins of the chloroplast thylakoid lumen that are required for the formation of photosystem II supercomplexes (PSII SCs). Subsequent work has identified another potential candidate functional in SC formation (PSB27). We have followed up on this possibility and isolated mutants defective in the PSB27 gene. In addition to lack of PSII SCs, mutant plants were severely stunted when cultivated with light of variable intensity. The stunted growth was associated with lower PSII efficiency and defective starch accumulation. In response to high light exposure, the mutant plants also displayed enhanced ROS production, leading to decreased biosynthesis of anthocyanin. Unexpectedly, we detected a second defect in the mutant, namely in CP26, an antenna protein known to be required for the formation of PSII SCs that has been linked to state transitions. Lack of PSII SCs was found to be independent of PSB27, but was due to a mutation in the previously described cp26 gene that we found had no effect on light adaptation. The present results suggest that PSII SCs, despite being required for state transitions, are not associated with acclimation to changing light intensity. Our results are consistent with the conclusion that PSB27 plays an essential role in enabling plants to adapt to fluctuating light intensity through a mechanism distinct from photosystem II supercomplexes and state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Aigen Fu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Veder J Garcia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Bob B Buchanan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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Bölter B, Soll J, Schwenkert S. Redox meets protein trafficking. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:949-56. [PMID: 25626173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
After the engulfment of two prokaryotic organisms, the thus emerged eukaryotic cell needed to establish means of communication and signaling to properly integrate the acquired organelles into its metabolism. Regulatory mechanisms had to evolve to ensure that chloroplasts and mitochondria smoothly function in accordance with all other cellular processes. One essential process is the post-translational import of nuclear encoded organellar proteins, which needs to be adapted according to the requirements of the plant. The demand for protein import is constantly changing depending on varying environmental conditions, as well as external and internal stimuli or different developmental stages. Apart from long-term regulatory mechanisms such as transcriptional/translation control, possibilities for short-term acclimation are mandatory. To this end, protein import is integrated into the cellular redox network, utilizing the recognition of signals from within the organelles and modifying the efficiency of the translocon complexes. Thereby, cellular requirements can be communicated throughout the whole organism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Bölter
- Department Biologie I-Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Soll
- Department Biologie I-Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Serena Schwenkert
- Department Biologie I-Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Photosystem II repair in plant chloroplasts--Regulation, assisting proteins and shared components with photosystem II biogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:900-9. [PMID: 25615587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem (PS) II is a multisubunit thylakoid membrane pigment-protein complex responsible for light-driven oxidation of water and reduction of plastoquinone. Currently more than 40 proteins are known to associate with PSII, either stably or transiently. The inherent feature of the PSII complex is its vulnerability in light, with the damage mainly targeted to one of its core proteins, the D1 protein. The repair of the damaged D1 protein, i.e. the repair cycle of PSII, initiates in the grana stacks where the damage generally takes place, but subsequently continues in non-appressed thylakoid domains, where many steps are common for both the repair and de novo assembly of PSII. The sequence of the (re)assembly steps of genuine PSII subunits is relatively well-characterized in higher plants. A number of novel findings have shed light into the regulation mechanisms of lateral migration of PSII subcomplexes and the repair as well as the (re)assembly of the complex. Besides the utmost importance of the PSII repair cycle for the maintenance of PSII functionality, recent research has pointed out that the maintenance of PSI is closely dependent on regulation of the PSII repair cycle. This review focuses on the current knowledge of regulation of the repair cycle of PSII in higher plant chloroplasts. Particular emphasis is paid on sequential assembly steps of PSII and the function of the number of PSII auxiliary proteins involved both in the biogenesis and repair of PSII. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Rühle T, Leister D. Photosystem II Assembly from Scratch. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1234. [PMID: 26793213 PMCID: PMC4709462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Rühle
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University MunichMunich, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University MunichMunich, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Dario Leister
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Bhuiyan NH, Friso G, Poliakov A, Ponnala L, van Wijk KJ. MET1 is a thylakoid-associated TPR protein involved in photosystem II supercomplex formation and repair in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:262-85. [PMID: 25587003 PMCID: PMC4330576 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.132787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) requires constant disassembly and reassembly to accommodate replacement of the D1 protein. Here, we characterize Arabidopsis thaliana MET1, a PSII assembly factor with PDZ and TPR domains. The maize (Zea mays) MET1 homolog is enriched in mesophyll chloroplasts compared with bundle sheath chloroplasts, and MET1 mRNA and protein levels increase during leaf development concomitant with the thylakoid machinery. MET1 is conserved in C3 and C4 plants and green algae but is not found in prokaryotes. Arabidopsis MET1 is a peripheral thylakoid protein enriched in stroma lamellae and is also present in grana. Split-ubiquitin assays and coimmunoprecipitations showed interaction of MET1 with stromal loops of PSII core components CP43 and CP47. From native gels, we inferred that MET1 associates with PSII subcomplexes formed during the PSII repair cycle. When grown under fluctuating light intensities, the Arabidopsis MET1 null mutant (met1) showed conditional reduced growth, near complete blockage in PSII supercomplex formation, and concomitant increase of unassembled CP43. Growth of met1 in high light resulted in loss of PSII supercomplexes and accelerated D1 degradation. We propose that MET1 functions as a CP43/CP47 chaperone on the stromal side of the membrane during PSII assembly and repair. This function is consistent with the observed differential MET1 accumulation across dimorphic maize chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul H Bhuiyan
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Giulia Friso
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Anton Poliakov
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Lalit Ponnala
- Computational Biology Service Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Klaas J van Wijk
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Plant immunophilins: a review of their structure-function relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:2145-58. [PMID: 25529299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Originally discovered as receptors for immunosuppressive drugs, immunophilins consist of two major groups, FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs) and cyclosporin A binding proteins (cyclophilins, CYPs). Many members in both FKBP and CYP families are peptidyl prolyl isomerases that are involved in protein folding processes, though they share little sequence homology. It is not surprising to find immunophilins in all organisms examined so far, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants and animals, as protein folding represents a common process in all living systems. SCOPE OF REVIEW Studies on plant immunophilins have revealed new functions beyond protein folding and new structural properties beyond that of typical PPIases. This review focuses on the structural and functional diversity of plant FKBPs and CYPs. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The differences in sequence, structure as well as subcellular localization, have added on to the diversity of this family of molecular chaperones. In particular, the large number of immunophilins present in the thylakoid lumen of the photosynthetic organelle, promises to deliver insights into the regulation of photosynthesis, a unique feature of plant systems. However, very little structural information and functional data are available for plant immunophilins. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Studies on the structure and function of plant immunophilins are important in understanding their role in plant biology. By reviewing the structural and functional properties of some immunophilins that represent the emerging area of research in plant biology, we hope to increase the interest of researchers in pursuing further research in this area. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Proline-directed Foldases: Cell Signaling Catalysts and Drug Targets.
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Seok MS, You YN, Park HJ, Lee SS, Aigen F, Luan S, Ahn JC, Cho HS. AtFKBP16-1, a chloroplast lumenal immunophilin, mediates response to photosynthetic stress by regulating PsaL stability. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 150:620-31. [PMID: 24124981 PMCID: PMC4282393 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis contains 16 putative chloroplast lumen-targeted immunophilins (IMMs). Proteomic analysis has enabled the subcellular localization of IMMs experimentally, but the exact biological and physiological roles of most luminal IMMs remain to be discovered. FK506-binding protein (FKBP) 16-1, one of the lumenal IMMs containing poorly conserved amino acid residues for peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity, was shown to play a possible role in chloroplast biogenesis in Arabidopsis, and was also found to interact with PsaL in wheat. In this study, further evidence is provided for the notion that Arabidopsis FKBP16-1 (AtFKBP16-1) is transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulated by environmental stresses including high light (HL) intensity, and that overexpression of AtFKBP16-1 plants exhibited increased photosynthetic stress tolerance. A blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/two-dimensional (BN-PAGE/2-D) analysis revealed that the increase of AtFKBP16-1 affected the levels of photosystem I (PSI)-light harvesting complex I (LHCI) and PSI-LHCI-light harvesting complex II (LHCII) supercomplex, and consequently enhanced tolerance under conditions of HL stress. In addition, plants overexpressing AtFKBP16-1 showed increased accumulation of PsaL protein and enhanced drought tolerance. Using a protease protection assay, AtFKBP16-1 protein was found to have a role in PsaL stability. The AtPsaL levels also responded to abiotic stresses derived from drought, and from methyl viologen stresses in wild-type plants. Taken together, these results suggest that AtFKBP16-1 plays a role in the acclimation of plants under photosynthetic stress conditions, probably by regulating PsaL stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sook Seok
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon, 305-806, Korea
- † Current address: College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Young Nim You
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Sang Sook Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Fu Aigen
- Department of Plant Microbial Biology, UCBerkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- ‡ Current address: College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, Shanxi 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant Microbial Biology, UCBerkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jun Cheul Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Science, Seonam UniversityNamwon, 590-170, Korea
- * Correspondence Corresponding author, e-mail: ;
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon, 305-806, Korea
- * Correspondence Corresponding author, e-mail: ;
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Schneider A, Steinberger I, Strissel H, Kunz HH, Manavski N, Meurer J, Burkhard G, Jarzombski S, Schünemann D, Geimer S, Flügge UI, Leister D. The Arabidopsis Tellurite resistance C protein together with ALB3 is involved in photosystem II protein synthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:344-356. [PMID: 24612058 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of photosystem II (PSII) occurs sequentially and requires several auxiliary proteins, such as ALB3 (ALBINO3). Here, we describe the role of the Arabidopsis thaliana thylakoid membrane protein Tellurite resistance C (AtTerC) in this process. Knockout of AtTerC was previously shown to be seedling-lethal. This phenotype was rescued by expressing TerC fused C-terminally to GFP in the terc-1 background, and the resulting terc-1TerC- GFP line and an artificial miRNA-based knockdown allele (amiR-TerC) were used to analyze the TerC function. The alterations in chlorophyll fluorescence and thylakoid ultrastructure observed in amiR-TerC plants and terc-1TerC- GFP were attributed to defects in PSII. We show that this phenotype resulted from a reduction in the rate of de novo synthesis of PSII core proteins, but later steps in PSII biogenesis appeared to be less affected. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that TerC interacts with PSII proteins. In particular, its interaction with the PSII assembly factor ALB3 has been demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. ALB3 is thought to assist in incorporation of CP43 into PSII via interaction with Low PSII Accumulation2 (LPA2) Low PSII Accumulation3 (LPA3). Homozygous lpa2 mutants expressing amiR-TerC displayed markedly exacerbated phenotypes, leading to seedling lethality, indicating an additive effect. We propose a model in which TerC, together with ALB3, facilitates de novo synthesis of thylakoid membrane proteins, for instance CP43, at the membrane insertion step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schneider
- Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
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Torabi S, Umate P, Manavski N, Plöchinger M, Kleinknecht L, Bogireddi H, Herrmann RG, Wanner G, Schröder WP, Meurer J. PsbN is required for assembly of the photosystem II reaction center in Nicotiana tabacum. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1183-99. [PMID: 24619613 PMCID: PMC4001377 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.120444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast-encoded low molecular weight protein PsbN is annotated as a photosystem II (PSII) subunit. To elucidate the localization and function of PsbN, encoded on the opposite strand to the psbB gene cluster, we raised antibodies and inserted a resistance cassette into PsbN in both directions. Both homoplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) mutants psbN-F and psbN-R show essentially the same PSII deficiencies. The mutants are extremely light sensitive and failed to recover from photoinhibition. Although synthesis of PSII proteins was not altered significantly, both mutants accumulated only ∼25% of PSII proteins compared with the wild type. Assembly of PSII precomplexes occurred at normal rates, but heterodimeric PSII reaction centers (RCs) and higher order PSII assemblies were not formed efficiently in the mutants. The psbN-R mutant was complemented by allotopic expression of the PsbN gene fused to the sequence of a chloroplast transit peptide in the nuclear genome. PsbN represents a bitopic trans-membrane peptide localized in stroma lamellae with its highly conserved C terminus exposed to the stroma. Significant amounts of PsbN were already present in dark-grown seedling. Our data prove that PsbN is not a constituent subunit of PSII but is required for repair from photoinhibition and efficient assembly of the PSII RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Torabi
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Department Biologie I, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pavan Umate
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Department Biologie I, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nikolay Manavski
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Department Biologie I, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Magdalena Plöchinger
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Department Biologie I, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Laura Kleinknecht
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Department Biologie I, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hanumakumar Bogireddi
- Umeå Plant Science Center and Department of
Chemistry, University of Umeå, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Reinhold G. Herrmann
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Department Biologie I, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Department Biologie I, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P. Schröder
- Umeå Plant Science Center and Department of
Chemistry, University of Umeå, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Department Biologie I, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Wang P, Liu J, Liu B, Feng D, Da Q, Wang P, Shu S, Su J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang HB. Evidence for a role of chloroplastic m-type thioredoxins in the biogenesis of photosystem II in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:1710-28. [PMID: 24151299 PMCID: PMC3850194 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.228353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplastic m-type thioredoxins (TRX m) are essential redox regulators in the light regulation of photosynthetic metabolism. However, recent genetic studies have revealed novel functions for TRX m in meristem development, chloroplast morphology, cyclic electron flow, and tetrapyrrole synthesis. The focus of this study is on the putative role of TRX m1, TRX m2, and TRX m4 in the biogenesis of the photosynthetic apparatus in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To that end, we investigated the impact of single, double, and triple TRX m deficiency on chloroplast development and the accumulation of thylakoid protein complexes. Intriguingly, only inactivation of three TRX m genes led to pale-green leaves and specifically reduced stability of the photosystem II (PSII) complex, implying functional redundancy between three TRX m isoforms. In addition, plants silenced for three TRX m genes displayed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, which in turn interrupted the transcription of photosynthesis-related nuclear genes but not the expression of chloroplast-encoded PSII core proteins. To dissect the function of TRX m in PSII biogenesis, we showed that TRX m1, TRX m2, and TRX m4 interact physically with minor PSII assembly intermediates as well as with PSII core subunits D1, D2, and CP47. Furthermore, silencing three TRX m genes disrupted the redox status of intermolecular disulfide bonds in PSII core proteins, most notably resulting in elevated accumulation of oxidized CP47 oligomers. Taken together, our results suggest an important role for TRX m1, TRX m2, and TRX m4 proteins in the biogenesis of PSII, and they appear to assist the assembly of CP47 into PSII.
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Järvi S, Gollan PJ, Aro EM. Understanding the roles of the thylakoid lumen in photosynthesis regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:434. [PMID: 24198822 PMCID: PMC3813922 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It has been known for a long time that the thylakoid lumen provides the environment for oxygen evolution, plastocyanin-mediated electron transfer, and photoprotection. More recently lumenal proteins have been revealed to play roles in numerous processes, most often linked with regulating thylakoid biogenesis and the activity and turnover of photosynthetic protein complexes, especially the photosystem II and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-like complexes. Still, the functions of the majority of lumenal proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana are unknown. Interestingly, while the thylakoid lumen proteome of at least 80 proteins contains several large protein families, individual members of many protein families have highly divergent roles. This is indicative of evolutionary pressure leading to neofunctionalization of lumenal proteins, emphasizing the important role of the thylakoid lumen for photosynthetic electron transfer and ultimately for plant fitness. Furthermore, the involvement of anterograde and retrograde signaling networks that regulate the expression and activity of lumen proteins is increasingly pertinent. Recent studies have also highlighted the importance of thiol/disulfide modulation in controlling the functions of many lumenal proteins and photosynthetic regulation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva-Mari Aro
- *Correspondence: Eva-Mari Aro, Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland e-mail:
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Heinnickel ML, Grossman AR. The GreenCut: re-evaluation of physiological role of previously studied proteins and potential novel protein functions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:427-36. [PMID: 23873414 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on comparative genomics, a list of proteins present in the green algal, flowering and nonflowering plant lineages, but not detected in nonphotosynthetic organisms, was assembled (Merchant et al., Science 318:245-250, 2007; Karpowicz et al., J Biol Chem 286:21427-21439, 2011). This protein grouping, previously designated the GreenCut, was established using stringent comparative genomic criteria; they are those Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins with orthologs in Arabidopsis thaliana, Physcomitrella patens, Oryza sativa, Populus tricocarpa and at least one of the three Ostreococcus species with fully sequenced genomes, but not in bacteria, yeast, fungi or mammals. Many GreenCut proteins are also present in red algae and diatoms and a subset of 189 have been identified as encoded on nearly all cyanobacterial genomes. Of the current GreenCut proteins (597 in total), approximately half have been studied previously. The functions or activities of a number of these proteins have been deduced from phenotypic analyses of mutants (defective for genes encoding specific GreenCut proteins) of A. thaliana, and in many cases the assigned functions do not exist in C. reinhardtii. Therefore, precise physiological functions of several previously studied GreenCut proteins are still not clear. The GreenCut also contains a number of proteins with certain conserved domains. Three of the most highly conserved domains are the FK506 binding, cyclophilin and PAP fibrillin domains; most members of these gene families are not well characterized. In general, our analysis of the GreenCut indicates that many processes critical to green lineage organisms remain unstudied or poorly characterized. We have begun to examine the functions of some GreenCut proteins in detail. For example, our work on the CPLD38 protein has demonstrated that it has an essential role in photosynthetic function and the stability of the cytochrome b 6 f complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Heinnickel
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institute for Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA, USA,
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C-terminal processing of reaction center protein D1 is essential for the function and assembly of photosystem II in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:16247-52. [PMID: 24043802 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1313894110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) reaction center protein D1 is synthesized as a precursor (pD1) with a short C-terminal extension. The pD1 is processed to mature D1 by carboxyl-terminal peptidase A to remove the C-terminal extension and form active protein. Here we report functional characterization of the Arabidopsis gene encoding D1 C-terminal processing enzyme (AtCtpA) in the chloroplast thylakoid lumen. Recombinant AtCtpA converted pD1 to mature D1 and a mutant lacking AtCtpA retained all D1 in precursor form, confirming that AtCtpA is solely responsible for processing. As with cyanobacterial ctpa, a knockout Arabidopsis atctpa mutant was lethal under normal growth conditions but was viable with sucrose under low-light conditions. Viable plants, however, showed deficiencies in PSII and thylakoid stacking. Surprisingly, unlike its cyanobacterial counterpart, the Arabidopsis mutant retained both monomer and dimer forms of the PSII complexes that, although nonfunctional, contained both the core and extrinsic subunits. This mutant was also essentially devoid of PSII supercomplexes, providing an unexpected link between D1 maturation and supercomplex assembly. A knock-down mutant expressing about 2% wild-type level of AtCtpA showed normal growth under low light but was stunted and accumulated pD1 under high light, indicative of delayed C-terminal processing. Although demonstrating the functional significance of C-terminal D1 processing in PSII biogenesis, our study reveals an unsuspected link between D1 maturation and PSII supercomplex assembly in land plants, opening an avenue for exploring the mechanism for the association of light-harvesting complexes with the PSII core complexes.
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49
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Aller I, Meyer AJ. The oxidative protein folding machinery in plant cells. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:799-816. [PMID: 23090240 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Formation of intra-molecular disulfides and concomitant oxidative protein folding is essential for stability and catalytic function of many soluble and membrane-bound proteins in the endomembrane system, the mitochondrial inter-membrane space and the thylakoid lumen. Disulfide generation from free cysteines in nascent polypeptide chains is generally a catalysed process for which distinct pathways exist in all compartments. A high degree of similarities between highly diverse eukaryotic and bacterial systems for generation of protein disulfides indicates functional conservation of key processes throughout evolution. However, while many aspects about molecular function of enzymatic systems promoting disulfide formation have been demonstrated for bacterial and non-plant eukaryotic organisms, it is now clear that the plant machinery for oxidative protein folding displays distinct details, suggesting that the different pathways have been adapted to plant-specific requirements in terms of compartmentation, molecular function and regulation. Here, we aim to evaluate biological diversity by comparing the plant systems for oxidative protein folding to the respective systems from non-plant eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Aller
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
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50
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Chi W, Ma J, Zhang L. Regulatory factors for the assembly of thylakoid membrane protein complexes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 367:3420-9. [PMID: 23148269 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Major multi-protein photosynthetic complexes, located in thylakoid membranes, are responsible for the capture of light and its conversion into chemical energy in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Although the structures and functions of these photosynthetic complexes have been explored, the molecular mechanisms underlying their assembly remain elusive. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the regulatory components involved in the assembly of thylakoid membrane protein complexes in photosynthetic organisms. Many of the known regulatory factors are conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, whereas others appear to be newly evolved or to have expanded predominantly in eukaryotes. Their specific features and fundamental differences in cyanobacteria, green algae and land plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chi
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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