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Ma LY, Ou YN, Gao PY, Fu Y, Zhang DD, Yang L, Feng JF, Cheng W, Tan L, Yu JT. Associations between antipsychotics exposure and dementia risk: A prospective cohort study of 415,100 participants. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:201-209. [PMID: 38199419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antipsychotics (APs) are among the most widely prescribed medications, and have been shown to cause cognitive decline. But previous studies on their effects on dementia risk are controversial and scarce. We aimed to examine the relationships of APs exposure with the risk of dementia. METHODS Data were obtained from a prospective cohort of 415,100 UK Biobank (UKB) participants. We investigated the effects of APs exposure and their various classes on dementia risk by using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models and further the dose-response effects of oral APs. RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 8.64 years, 5235 (1.3 %) participants developed all-cause dementia (ACD), among whom 2313 (0.6 %) developed Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 1213 (0.3 %) developed vascular dementia (VaD). Exposure to any APs conferred increased risks of ACD (HR: 1.33, 95 % CI = 1.17-1.51, P < 0.001) and VaD (HR: 1.90, 95 % CI = 1.51-2.40, P < 0.001), but not AD (HR: 1.22, 95 % CI = 1.00-1.48, P = 0.051). Cumulative dose-response relationships of oral APs with the risks of ACD and VaD were observed (P for trend, P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS Our study is observational and does not show evidence of causality. Since there are relatively few cases of dementia in the UKB, APs exposure may be higher than estimated in our study. CONCLUSIONS APs exposure increased the risk of developing dementia. Dose-response relationships were found between oral APs and dementia risk. Efforts to raise awareness of doctors and patients about this potential drug-related risk are critical to reducing APs use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pei-Yang Gao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200040, China; Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200040, China; Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Pratelli M, Hakimi AM, Thaker A, Li HQ, Godavarthi SK, Spitzer NC. Drug-induced change in transmitter identity is a shared mechanism generating cognitive deficits. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3689243. [PMID: 38168375 PMCID: PMC10760249 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3689243/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a long-lasting consequence of drug use, yet the convergent mechanism by which classes of drugs with different pharmacological properties cause similar deficits is unclear. We find that both phencyclidine and methamphetamine, despite differing in their targets in the brain, cause the same glutamatergic neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex to gain a GABAergic phenotype and decrease their expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter. Suppressing the drug-induced gain of GABA with RNA-interference prevents the appearance of memory deficits. Stimulation of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area is necessary and sufficient to produce this gain of GABA. Drug-induced prefrontal hyperactivity drives this change in transmitter identity. Returning prefrontal activity to baseline, chemogenetically or with clozapine, reverses the change in transmitter phenotype and rescues the associated memory deficits. The results reveal a shared and reversible mechanism that regulates the appearance of cognitive deficits upon exposure to different drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pratelli
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California, 92093-0955; USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California, 92093-0955; USA
| | - Anna M. Hakimi
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California, 92093-0955; USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California, 92093-0955; USA
| | - Arth Thaker
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California, 92093-0955; USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California, 92093-0955; USA
| | - Hui-quan Li
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California, 92093-0955; USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California, 92093-0955; USA
| | - Swetha K. Godavarthi
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California, 92093-0955; USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California, 92093-0955; USA
| | - Nicholas C. Spitzer
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California, 92093-0955; USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California, 92093-0955; USA
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McClatchy DB, Powell SB, Yates JR. In vivo mapping of protein-protein interactions of schizophrenia risk factors generates an interconnected disease network. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.12.571320. [PMID: 38168169 PMCID: PMC10759996 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.571320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Genetic analyses of Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients have identified thousands of risk factors. In silico protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis has provided strong evidence that disrupted PPI networks underlie SCZ pathogenesis. In this study, we performed in vivo PPI analysis of several SCZ risk factors in the rodent brain. Using endogenous antibody immunoprecipitations coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, we constructed a SCZ network comprising 1612 unique PPI with a 5% FDR. Over 90% of the PPI were novel, reflecting the lack of previous PPI MS studies in brain tissue. Our SCZ PPI network was enriched with known SCZ risk factors, which supports the hypothesis that an accumulation of disturbances in selected PPI networks underlies SCZ. We used Stable Isotope Labeling in Mammals (SILAM) to quantitate phencyclidine (PCP) perturbations in the SCZ network and found that PCP weakened most PPI but also led to some enhanced or new PPI. These findings demonstrate that quantitating PPI in perturbed biological states can reveal alterations to network biology.
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Daniels S, El Mansari M, Hamoudeh R, Blier P. Ketamine promptly normalizes excess norepinephrine and enhances dopamine neuronal activity in Wistar Kyoto rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1276309. [PMID: 38026921 PMCID: PMC10644068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1276309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine acts primarily by blocking the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor at the phencyclidine site. The rapid antidepressant properties of ketamine were demonstrated in the clinic and several behavioral models of depression in rodents. We hypothesized that the normalization of abnormal activity of monoamine neurons in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats contributes to the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine. A single administration of ketamine (10 mg/kg, i. p) or saline was administered to anesthetized WKY rats before in vivo electrophysiological recordings of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonin (5-HT), locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neuronal activity. Pyramidal neurons from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were also recorded before and after a ketamine injection. In the VTA, ketamine elicited a significant increase in the population activity of DA neurons. This enhancement was consistent with findings in other depression-like models in which such a decreased population activity was observed. In the LC, ketamine normalized increased NE neuron burst activity found in WKY rats. In the DRN, ketamine did not significantly reverse 5-HT neuronal activity in WKY rats, which is dampened compared to Wistar rats. Ketamine did not significantly alter the neuronal activity of mPFC pyramidal neurons. These findings demonstrate that ketamine normalized NE neuronal activity and enhanced DA neuronal activity in WKY rats, which may contribute to its rapid antidepressant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa El Mansari
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Banushi B, Polito V. A Comprehensive Review of the Current Status of the Cellular Neurobiology of Psychedelics. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1380. [PMID: 37997979 PMCID: PMC10669348 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Psychedelic substances have gained significant attention in recent years for their potential therapeutic effects on various psychiatric disorders. This review delves into the intricate cellular neurobiology of psychedelics, emphasizing their potential therapeutic applications in addressing the global burden of mental illness. It focuses on contemporary research into the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms underlying these substances, particularly the role of 5-HT2A receptor signaling and the promotion of plasticity through the TrkB-BDNF pathway. The review also discusses how psychedelics affect various receptors and pathways and explores their potential as anti-inflammatory agents. Overall, this research represents a significant development in biomedical sciences with the potential to transform mental health treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerida Banushi
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Vince Polito
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
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Riga MS, Paz V, Didriksen M, Celada P, Artigas F. Lu AF35700 reverses the phencyclidine-induced disruption of thalamo-cortical activity by blocking dopamine D 1 and D 2 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175802. [PMID: 37295763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs of different chemical/pharmacological families show preferential dopamine (DA) D2 receptor (D2-R) vs. D1 receptor (D1-R) affinity, with the exception of clozapine, the gold standard of schizophrenia treatment, which shows a comparable affinity for both DA receptors. Here, we examined the ability of Lu AF35700 (preferential D1-R>D2-R antagonist), to reverse the alterations in thalamo-cortical activity induced by phencyclidine (PCP), used as a pharmacological model of schizophrenia. Lu AF35700 reversed the PCP-induced alteration of neuronal discharge and low frequency oscillation (LFO, 0.15-4 Hz) in thalamo-cortical networks. Likewise, Lu AF35700 prevented the increased c-fos mRNA expression induced by PCP in thalamo-cortical regions of awake rats. We next examined the contribution of D1-R and D2-R to the antipsychotic reversal of PCP effects. The D2-R antagonist haloperidol reversed PCP effects on thalamic discharge rate and LFO. Remarkably, the combination of sub-effective doses of haloperidol and SCH-23390 (DA D1-R antagonist) fully reversed the PCP-induced fall in thalamo-cortical LFO. However, unlike with haloperidol, SCH-23390 elicited different degrees of potentiation of the effects of low clozapine and Lu AF35700 doses. Overall, the present data support a synergistic interaction between both DA receptors to reverse the PCP-induced alterations of oscillatory activity in thalamo-cortical networks, possibly due to their simultaneous blockade in direct and indirect pathways of basal ganglia. The mild potentiation induced by SCH-23390 in the case of clozapine and Lu AF35700 suggests that, at effective doses, these agents reverse PCP effects through the simultaneous blockade of both DA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio S Riga
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, CSIC-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Veronica Paz
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, CSIC-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Didriksen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Valby, Denmark
| | - Pau Celada
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, CSIC-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Artigas
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, CSIC-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Differential Modulation of Dorsal Raphe Serotonergic Activity in Rat Brain by the Infralimbic and Prelimbic Cortices. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054891. [PMID: 36902322 PMCID: PMC10003771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The reciprocal connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) is involved in mood control and resilience to stress. The infralimbic subdivision (IL) of the mPFC is the rodent equivalent of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex, which is intimately related to the pathophysiology/treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Boosting excitatory neurotransmission in the IL-but not in the prelimbic cortex, PrL-evokes depressive-like or antidepressant-like behaviors in rodents, which are associated with changes in serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission. We therefore examined the control of 5-HT activity by both of the mPFC subdivisions in anesthetized rats. The electrical stimulation of IL and PrL at 0.9 Hz comparably inhibited 5-HT neurons (53% vs. 48%, respectively). However, stimulation at higher frequencies (10-20 Hz) revealed a greater proportion of 5-HT neurons sensitive to IL than to PrL stimulation (86% vs. 59%, at 20 Hz, respectively), together with a differential involvement of GABAA (but not 5-HT1A) receptors. Likewise, electrical and optogenetic stimulation of IL and PrL enhanced 5-HT release in DR in a frequency-dependent manner, with greater elevations after IL stimulation at 20 Hz. Hence, IL and PrL differentially control serotonergic activity, with an apparent superior role of IL, an observation that may help to clarify the brain circuits involved in MDD.
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8
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Modulation of circuit oscillations in the rat anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in vitro by mGlu2 metabotropic glutamate receptors and alleviation of the effects of phencyclidine-induced NMDA-receptor hypofunction. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 223:173532. [PMID: 36822254 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant cortical oscillations in the beta and gamma range are associated with symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions. We have thus investigated the ability of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in vitro to generate beta and gamma oscillations, and how these are affected by Group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor activation and blockade of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Activation of Group II mGlu receptors, and mGlu2 specifically, with orthosteric agonists reduced the power of both beta and gamma oscillations in ACC without a significant effect on oscillation peak frequencies. The NMDA receptor blocker phencyclidine (PCP), known to evoke certain schizophrenia-like symptoms in humans, elevated the power of beta oscillations in ACC and caused a shift in oscillation frequency from the gamma range to the beta range. These enhanced beta oscillations were reduced by the Group II mGlu receptor agonists. These results show that Group II mGlu receptors, and specifically mGlu2, modulate network oscillations. Furthermore, attenuation of the effect of PCP suggests that mGlu2 receptors may stabilise aberrant network activity. These results underline the importance of Group II mGlu receptors, and particularly mGlu2, as targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
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9
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Spencer KM, Nakhnikian A, Hirano Y, Levin M. The contribution of gamma bursting to spontaneous gamma activity in schizophrenia. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1130897. [PMID: 37206313 PMCID: PMC10188978 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1130897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased spontaneous gamma (30-100 Hz) activity (SGA) has been reported in the auditory cortex in schizophrenia. This phenomenon has been correlated with psychotic symptoms such as auditory hallucinations and could reflect the dysfunction of NMDA receptors on parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons. Previous findings are from time-averaged spectra, so it is unknown whether increased spontaneous gamma occurs at a constant level, or rather in bursts. To better understand the dynamical nature of spontaneous gamma activity in schizophrenia, here we examined the contribution of gamma bursting and the slope of the EEG spectrum to this phenomenon. The main results from this data set were previously reported. Participants were 24 healthy control participants (HC) and 24 matched participants with schizophrenia (SZ). The data were from EEG recordings during auditory steady-state stimulation, which were localized to bilateral pairs of dipoles in auditory cortex. Time-frequency analysis was performed using Morlet wavelets. Oscillation bursts in the gamma range were defined as periods during which power exceeded 2 standard deviations above the trial-wide average value for at least one cycle. We extracted the burst parameters power, count, and area, as well as non-burst trial power and spectral slope. Gamma burst power and non-burst trial power were greater in SZ than HC, but burst count and area did not differ. Spectral slope was less negative in SZ than HC. Regression modeling found that gamma burst power alone best predicted SGA for both HC and SZ (> = 90% of variance), while spectral slope made a small contribution and non-burst trial power did not influence SGA. Increased SGA in the auditory cortex in schizophrenia is accounted for by increased power within gamma bursts, rather than a tonic increase in gamma-range activity, or a shift in spectral slope. Further research will be necessary to determine if these measures reflect different network mechanisms. We propose that increased gamma burst power is the main component of increased SGA in SZ and could reflect abnormally increased plasticity in cortical circuits due to enhanced plasticity of synapses on parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons. Thus, increased gamma burst power may be involved in producing psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Spencer
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kevin M. Spencer,
| | - Alexander Nakhnikian
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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de Bartolomeis A, De Simone G, Ciccarelli M, Castiello A, Mazza B, Vellucci L, Barone A. Antipsychotics-Induced Changes in Synaptic Architecture and Functional Connectivity: Translational Implications for Treatment Response and Resistance. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123183. [PMID: 36551939 PMCID: PMC9776416 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness characterized by alterations in processes that regulate both synaptic plasticity and functional connectivity between brain regions. Antipsychotics are the cornerstone of schizophrenia pharmacological treatment and, beyond occupying dopamine D2 receptors, can affect multiple molecular targets, pre- and postsynaptic sites, as well as intracellular effectors. Multiple lines of evidence point to the involvement of antipsychotics in sculpting synaptic architecture and remodeling the neuronal functional unit. Furthermore, there is an increasing awareness that antipsychotics with different receptor profiles could yield different interregional patterns of co-activation. In the present systematic review, we explored the fundamental changes that occur under antipsychotics' administration, the molecular underpinning, and the consequences in both acute and chronic paradigms. In addition, we investigated the relationship between synaptic plasticity and functional connectivity and systematized evidence on different topographical patterns of activation induced by typical and atypical antipsychotics.
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de Bartolomeis A, Vellucci L, Barone A, Manchia M, De Luca V, Iasevoli F, Correll CU. Clozapine's multiple cellular mechanisms: What do we know after more than fifty years? A systematic review and critical assessment of translational mechanisms relevant for innovative strategies in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108236. [PMID: 35764175 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Almost fifty years after its first introduction into clinical care, clozapine remains the only evidence-based pharmacological option for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), which affects approximately 30% of patients with schizophrenia. Despite the long-time experience with clozapine, the specific mechanism of action (MOA) responsible for its superior efficacy among antipsychotics is still elusive, both at the receptor and intracellular signaling level. This systematic review is aimed at critically assessing the role and specific relevance of clozapine's multimodal actions, dissecting those mechanisms that under a translational perspective could shed light on molecular targets worth to be considered for further innovative antipsychotic development. In vivo and in vitro preclinical findings, supported by innovative techniques and methods, together with pharmacogenomic and in vivo functional studies, point to multiple and possibly overlapping MOAs. To better explore this crucial issue, the specific affinity for 5-HT2R, D1R, α2c, and muscarinic receptors, the relatively low occupancy at dopamine D2R, the interaction with receptor dimers, as well as the potential confounder effects resulting in biased ligand action, and lastly, the role of the moiety responsible for lipophilic and alkaline features of clozapine are highlighted. Finally, the role of transcription and protein changes at the synaptic level, and the possibility that clozapine can directly impact synaptic architecture are addressed. Although clozapine's exact MOAs that contribute to its unique efficacy and some of its severe adverse effects have not been fully understood, relevant information can be gleaned from recent mechanistic understandings that may help design much needed additional therapeutic strategies for TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Barone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Christoph U Correll
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany
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12
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López-Terrones E, Celada P, Riga MS, Artigas F. Preferential in vivo inhibitory action of serotonin in rat infralimbic versus prelimbic cortex: relevance for antidepressant treatments. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3000-3013. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The infralimbic (IL) cortex is the rodent equivalent of human ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), which plays a key role in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission in IL [but not in the adjacent prelimbic (PrL) cortex] evokes antidepressant-like or depressive-like behaviors, associated with changes in serotonin (5-HT) function, highlighting the relevance of glutamate/serotonin interactions in IL for emotional control. 5-HT modulates neuronal activity in PrL and cingulate (Cg) cortex but its effects in IL are largely unknown. We therefore compared the in vivo effects of 5-HT on pyramidal neuron activity in IL (n = 61) and PrL (n = 50) of anesthetized rats. IL pyramidal neurons were more responsive to physiological dorsal raphe stimulation (0.9 Hz) than PrL neurons (84% vs. 64%, respectively) and were inhibited to a greater extent (64% vs. 36%, respectively). Orthodromic activations (8% in PrL) were absent in IL, whereas biphasic responses were similar (20%) in both areas. Excitations were mediated by 5-HT2A-R activation, whereas inhibitions involved 3 different components: 5-HT1A-R, 5-HT3-R and GABAA-R, respectively. The remarkable inhibitory action of 5-HT in IL suggests that 5-HT-enhancing drugs may exert their antidepressant action by normalizing a glutamatergic hyperactivity in the vACC of MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena López-Terrones
- Depart. de Neurociències i Terapèutica Experimental , Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, IIBB-CSIC; 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Celada
- Depart. de Neurociències i Terapèutica Experimental , Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, IIBB-CSIC; 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) , 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maurizio S Riga
- Depart. de Neurociències i Terapèutica Experimental , Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, IIBB-CSIC; 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) , 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER-CSIC) , 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francesc Artigas
- Depart. de Neurociències i Terapèutica Experimental , Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, IIBB-CSIC; 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) , 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Smausz R, Neill J, Gigg J. Neural mechanisms underlying psilocybin's therapeutic potential - the need for preclinical in vivo electrophysiology. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:781-793. [PMID: 35638159 PMCID: PMC9247433 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221092508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound with profound perception-, emotion- and cognition-altering properties and great potential for treating brain disorders. However, the neural mechanisms mediating its effects require in-depth investigation as there is still much to learn about how psychedelic drugs produce their profound and long-lasting effects. In this review, we outline the current understanding of the neurophysiology of psilocybin's psychoactive properties, highlighting the need for additional preclinical studies to determine its effect on neural network dynamics. We first describe how psilocybin's effect on brain regions associated with the default-mode network (DMN), particularly the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, likely plays a key role in mediating its consciousness-altering properties. We then outline the specific receptor and cell types involved and discuss contradictory evidence from neuroimaging studies regarding psilocybin's net effect on activity within these regions. We go on to argue that in vivo electrophysiology is ideally suited to provide a more holistic, neural network analysis approach to understand psilocybin's mode of action. Thus, we integrate information about the neural bases for oscillatory activity generation with the accumulating evidence about psychedelic drug effects on neural synchrony within DMN-associated areas. This approach will help to generate important questions for future preclinical and clinical studies. Answers to these questions are vital for determining the neural mechanisms mediating psilocybin's psychotherapeutic potential, which promises to improve outcomes for patients with severe depression and other difficulty to treat conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Smausz
- Division of Neuroscience and
Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanna Neill
- Division of Pharmacy and
Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of
Manchester, Manchester, UK,Medical Psychedelics Working
Group, Drug Science, UK
| | - John Gigg
- Division of Neuroscience and
Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,John Gigg, Division of Neuroscience
and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,
The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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14
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Castañé A, Cano M, Ruiz-Avila L, Miquel-Rio L, Celada P, Artigas F, Riga MS. Dual 5-HT3 and 5-HT6 Receptor Antagonist FPPQ Normalizes Phencyclidine-Induced Disruption of Brain Oscillatory Activity in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:425-431. [PMID: 35022720 PMCID: PMC9154270 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder featuring psychotic, depressive, and cognitive alterations. Current antipsychotic drugs preferentially target dopamine D2-R and/or serotonergic 5-HT2A/1A-R. They partly alleviate psychotic symptoms but fail to treat negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Here we report on the putative antipsychotic activity of (1-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(piperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinoline dihydrochloride) (FPPQ), a dual serotonin 5-HT3-R/5-HT6-R antagonist endowed with pro-cognitive properties. FPPQ fully reversed phencyclidine-induced decrease of low-frequency oscillations in the medial prefrontal cortex of anaesthetized rats, a fingerprint of antipsychotic activity. This effect was mimicked by the combined administration of the 5-HT3-R and 5-HT6-R antagonists ondansetron and SB-399 885, respectively, but not by either drug alone. In freely moving rats, FPPQ countered phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion and augmentation of gamma and high-frequency oscillations in medial prefrontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens. Overall, this supports that simultaneous blockade of 5-HT3R and 5-HT6-R-like that induced by FPPQ-can be a new target in antipsychotic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Castañé
- Departament de Neurociències i Terapèutica Experimental, CSIC-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Lluís Miquel-Rio
- Departament de Neurociències i Terapèutica Experimental, CSIC-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Celada
- Departament de Neurociències i Terapèutica Experimental, CSIC-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Artigas
- Departament de Neurociències i Terapèutica Experimental, CSIC-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maurizio S Riga
- Departament de Neurociències i Terapèutica Experimental, CSIC-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Modified climbing fiber/Purkinje cell synaptic connectivity in the cerebellum of the neonatal phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122544119. [PMID: 35588456 PMCID: PMC9173783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122544119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptogenesis and neural network remodeling are at their maximum during the perinatal period of human brain development. Perturbations of this highly sensitive stage might underlie the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Subchronic neonatal administration of phencyclidine, a drug of abuse, has been used to model schizophrenia in rodents. In this model, we found specific long-term synaptic changes in Purkinje cells and transient gene expression changes in the cerebellum. While transient increased neuronal activity in the cerebellum, induced using chemogenetics, reproduces some phencyclidine-induced molecular changes, it is insufficient to reproduce the long-term synaptic effects. Our results show the complex mechanism of action of phencyclidine on the development of neuronal connectivity and further highlight the potential contribution of cerebellar defects in psychiatric diseases. Environmental perturbations during the first years of life are a major factor in psychiatric diseases. Phencyclidine (PCP), a drug of abuse, has psychomimetic effects, and neonatal subchronic administration of PCP in rodents leads to long-term behavioral changes relevant for schizophrenia. The cerebellum is increasingly recognized for its role in diverse cognitive functions. However, little is known about potential cerebellar changes in models of schizophrenia. Here, we analyzed the characteristics of the cerebellum in the neonatal subchronic PCP model. We found that, while the global cerebellar cytoarchitecture and Purkinje cell spontaneous spiking properties are unchanged, climbing fiber/Purkinje cell synaptic connectivity is increased in juvenile mice. Neonatal subchronic administration of PCP is accompanied by increased cFos expression, a marker of neuronal activity, and transient modification of the neuronal surfaceome in the cerebellum. The largest change observed is the overexpression of Ctgf, a gene previously suggested as a biomarker for schizophrenia. This neonatal increase in Ctgf can be reproduced by increasing neuronal activity in the cerebellum during the second postnatal week using chemogenetics. However, it does not lead to increased climbing fiber/Purkinje cell connectivity in juvenile mice, showing the complexity of PCP action. Overall, our study shows that administration of the drug of abuse PCP during the developmental period of intense cerebellar synaptogenesis and circuit remodeling has long-term and specific effects on Purkinje cell connectivity and warrants the search for this type of synaptic changes in psychiatric diseases.
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16
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Mahmood D, Alenezi SK, Anwar MJ, Azam F, Qureshi KA, Jaremko M. New Paradigms of Old Psychedelics in Schizophrenia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050640. [PMID: 35631466 PMCID: PMC9147282 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin (magic mushrooms), and mescaline exhibit intense effects on the human brain and behaviour. In recent years, there has been a surge in studies investigating these drugs because clinical studies have shown that these once banned drugs are well tolerated and efficacious in medically supervised low doses called microdosing. Psychedelics have demonstrated efficacy in treating neuropsychiatric maladies such as difficult to treat anxiety, depression, mood disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, suicidal ideation, posttraumatic stress disorder, and also in treating substance use disorders. The primary mode of action of psychedelics is activation of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors affecting cognition and brain connectivity through the modulation of several downstream signalling pathways via complex molecular mechanisms. Some atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) primarily exhibit pharmacological actions through 5-HT2A receptors, which are also the target of psychedelic drugs. Psychedelic drugs including the newer second generation along with the glutamatergic APDs are thought to mediate pharmacological actions through a common pathway, i.e., a complex serotonin-glutamate receptor interaction in cortical neurons of pyramidal origin. Furthermore, psychedelic drugs have been reported to act via a complex interplay between 5HT2A, mGlu2/3, and NMDA receptors to mediate neurobehavioral and pharmacological actions. Findings from recent studies have suggested that serotoninergic and glutamatergic neurotransmissions are very closely connected in producing pharmacological responses to psychedelics and antipsychotic medication. Emerging hypotheses suggest that psychedelics work through brain resetting mechanisms. Hence, there is a need to dig deeply into psychedelic neurobiology to uncover how psychedelics could best be used as scientific tools to benefit psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.A.); (M.J.A.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sattam K. Alenezi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.A.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Md. Jamir Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.A.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Faizul Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kamal A. Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia;
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17
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Discrimination of motor and sensorimotor effects of phencyclidine and MK-801: Involvement of GluN2C-containing NMDA receptors in psychosis-like models. Neuropharmacology 2022; 213:109079. [PMID: 35561792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-competitive NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) antagonists like ketamine, phencyclidine (PCP) and MK-801 are routinely used as pharmacological models of schizophrenia. However, the NMDA-R subtypes, neuronal types (e.g., GABA vs. glutamatergic neurons) and brain regions involved in psychotomimetic actions are not fully understood. PCP activates thalamo-cortical circuits after NMDA-R blockade in reticular thalamic GABAergic neurons. GluN2C subunits are densely expressed in thalamus and cerebellum. Therefore, we examined their involvement in the behavioral and functional effects elicited by PCP and MK-801 using GluN2C knockout (GluN2CKO) and wild-type mice, under the working hypothesis that psychotomimetic effects should be attenuated in mutant mice. PCP and MK-801 induced a disorganized and meandered hyperlocomotion in both genotypes. Interestingly, stereotyped behaviors like circling/rotation, rearings and ataxia signs were dramatically reduced in GluN2CKO mice, indicating a better motor coordination in absence of GluN2C subunits. In contrast, other motor or sensorimotor (pre-pulse inhibition of the startle response) aspects of the behavioral syndrome remained unaltered by GluN2C deletion. PCP and MK-801 evoked a general pattern of c-fos activation in mouse brain (including thalamo-cortical networks) but not in the cerebellum, where they markedly reduced c-fos expression, with significant genotype differences paralleling those in motor coordination. Finally, resting-state fMRI showed an enhanced cortico-thalamic-cerebellar connectivity in GluN2CKO mice, less affected by MK-801 than controls. Hence, the GluN2C subunit allows the dissection of the behavioral alterations induced by PCP and MK-801, showing that some motor effects (in particular, motor incoordination), but not deficits in sensorimotor gating, likely depend on GluN2C-containing NMDA-R blockade in cerebellar circuits.
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18
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McQuail JA, Beas BS, Kelly KB, Hernandez CM, Bizon JL, Frazier CJ. Attenuated NMDAR signaling on fast-spiking interneurons in prefrontal cortex contributes to age-related decline of cognitive flexibility. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108720. [PMID: 34273386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors of the NMDA and AMPA subtypes transduce excitatory signaling on neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in support of cognitive flexibility. Cognitive flexibility is reliably observed to decline at advanced ages, coinciding with changes in PFC glutamate receptor expression and neuronal physiology. However, the relationship between age-related impairment of cognitive flexibility and changes to excitatory signaling on distinct classes of PFC neurons is not known. In this study, one cohort of young adult (4 months) and aged (20 months) male F344 rats were characterized for cognitive flexibility on an operant set-shifting task. Expression of the essential NMDAR subunit, NR1, was correlated with individual differences in set-shifting abilities such that lower NR1 in the aged PFC was associated with worse set-shifting. In contrast, lower expression of two AMPAR subunits, GluR1 and GluR2, was not associated with set-shift abilities in aging. As NMDARs are expressed by both pyramidal cells and fast-spiking interneurons (FSI) in PFC, whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed in a second cohort of age-matched rats to compare age-associated changes on these neuronal subtypes. Evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents were generated using a bipolar stimulator while AMPAR vs. NMDAR-mediated components were isolated using pharmacological tools. The results revealed a clear increase in AMPA/NMDA ratio in FSIs that was not present in pyramidal neurons. Together, these data indicate that loss of NMDARs on interneurons in PFC contributes to age-related impairment of cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A McQuail
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - B Sofia Beas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Unit on the Neurobiology of Affective Memory, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kyle B Kelly
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Caesar M Hernandez
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Cellular, Development, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jennifer L Bizon
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Charles J Frazier
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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19
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Garcia-Lopez R, Pombero A, Estirado A, Geijo-Barrientos E, Martinez S. Interneuron Heterotopia in the Lis1 Mutant Mouse Cortex Underlies a Structural and Functional Schizophrenia-Like Phenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:693919. [PMID: 34327202 PMCID: PMC8313859 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.693919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
LIS1 is one of the principal genes related to Type I lissencephaly, a severe human brain malformation characterized by an abnormal neuronal migration in the cortex during embryonic development. This is clinically associated with epilepsy and cerebral palsy in severe cases, as well as a predisposition to developing mental disorders, in cases with a mild phenotype. Although genetic variations in the LIS1 gene have been associated with the development of schizophrenia, little is known about the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. We have studied how the Lis1 gene might cause deficits associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia using the Lis1/sLis1 murine model, which involves the deletion of the first coding exon of the Lis1 gene. Homozygous mice are not viable, but heterozygous animals present abnormal neuronal morphology, cortical dysplasia, and enhanced cortical excitability. We have observed reduced number of cells expressing GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) in the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate area, as well as fewer parvalbumin-expressing cells in the anterior cingulate cortex in Lis1/sLis1 mutants compared to control mice. The cFOS protein expression (indicative of neuronal activity) in Lis1/sLis1 mice was higher in the medial prefrontal (mPFC), perirhinal (PERI), entorhinal (ENT), ectorhinal (ECT) cortices, and hippocampus compared to control mice. Our results suggest that deleting the first coding exon of the Lis1 gene might cause cortical anomalies associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Pombero
- Instituto de Neurociencias, UMH-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Salvador Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, UMH-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental-CIBERSAM-ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Plataki ME, Diskos K, Sougklakos C, Velissariou M, Georgilis A, Stavroulaki V, Sidiropoulou K. Effect of Neonatal Treatment With the NMDA Receptor Antagonist, MK-801, During Different Temporal Windows of Postnatal Period in Adult Prefrontal Cortical and Hippocampal Function. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:689193. [PMID: 34177484 PMCID: PMC8230549 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.689193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal MK-801 model of schizophrenia has been developed based on the neurodevelopmental and NMDA receptor hypofunction hypotheses of schizophrenia. This animal model is generated with the use of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, during different temporal windows of postnatal life of rodents leading to behavioral defects in adulthood. However, no studies have examined the role of specific postnatal time periods in the neonatal MK-801 (nMK-801) rodent model and the resulting behavioral and neurobiological effects. Thus, the goal of this study is to systematically investigate the role of NMDA hypofunction, during specific temporal windows in postnatal life on different cognitive and social behavioral paradigms, as well as various neurobiological effects during adulthood. Both female and male mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with MK-801 during postnatal days 7-14 (p7-14) or 11-15 (p11-15). Control mice were injected with saline during the respective time period. In adulthood, mice were tested in various cognitive and social behavioral tasks. Mice nMK-801-treated on p7-14 show impaired performance in the novel object, object-to-place, and temporal order object recognition (TOR) tasks, the sociability test, and contextual fear extinction. Mice nMK-801-treated on p11-15 only affects performance in the TOR task, the social memory test, and contextual fear extinction. No differences were identified in the expression of NMDA receptor subunits, the synapsin or PSD-95 proteins, either in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) or the hippocampus (HPC), brain regions significantly affected in schizophrenia. The number of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing cells is significantly reduced in the PFC, but not in the HPC, of nMK-801-treated mice on p7-14 compared to their controls. No differences in PV-expressing cells (PFC or HPC) were identified in nMK-801-treated mice on p11-15. We further examined PFC function by recording spontaneous activity in a solution that allows up state generation. We find that the frequency of up states is significantly reduced in both nMK-801-treated mice on p7-14 and p11-15 compared to saline-treated mice. Furthermore, we find adaptations in the gamma and high gamma activity in nMK-801-treated mice. In conclusion, our results show that MK-801 treatment during specific postnatal temporal windows has differential effects on cognitive and social behaviors, as well as on underlying neurobiological substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Plataki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Diskos
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Kyriaki Sidiropoulou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
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21
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O'Connell F, Osiyemi N, Saliba Z, Mortimer N, Pourmand A. Reduced pain perception in patients with schizophrenia; A missed case of hand fracture. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 49:440.e1-440.e3. [PMID: 33965278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered pain perception among patients with schizophrenia is often underrecognized in the medical community. The cause is not known, and medical professionals are not sure whether these patients experience less pain or are simply unable to express it. There are documented cases of patients with schizophrenia presenting to hospital settings with serious injuries without obvious (expected) pain. Research into the underlying cause(s) is underway; meanwhile, ensuring awareness of this issue among medical providers is of upmost importance. We report a case of a patient with schizophrenia who presented voluntarily to the emergency department (ED) with a hand fracture that went unrecognized in the ED and further discuss the implications of reduced pain perception. Additionally, we summarize existing hypotheses regarding the source of this reduced pain perception in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis O'Connell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Naiya Osiyemi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Zeina Saliba
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Nakita Mortimer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ali Pourmand
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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22
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Inserra A, De Gregorio D, Rezai T, Lopez-Canul MG, Comai S, Gobbi G. Lysergic acid diethylamide differentially modulates the reticular thalamus, mediodorsal thalamus, and infralimbic prefrontal cortex: An in vivo electrophysiology study in male mice. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:469-482. [PMID: 33645311 PMCID: PMC8058830 DOI: 10.1177/0269881121991569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reticular thalamus gates thalamocortical information flow via finely tuned inhibition of thalamocortical cells in the mediodorsal thalamus. Brain imaging studies in humans show that the psychedelic lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) modulates activity and connectivity within the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, altering consciousness. However, the electrophysiological effects of LSD on the neurons in these brain areas remain elusive. METHODS We employed in vivo extracellular single-unit recordings in anesthetized adult male mice to investigate the dose-response effects of cumulative LSD doses (5-160 µg/kg, intraperitoneal) upon reticular thalamus GABAergic neurons, thalamocortical relay neurons of the mediodorsal thalamus, and pyramidal neurons of the infralimbic prefrontal cortex. RESULTS LSD decreased spontaneous firing and burst-firing activity in 50% of the recorded reticular thalamus neurons in a dose-response fashion starting at 10 µg/kg. Another population of neurons (50%) increased firing and burst-firing activity starting at 40 µg/kg. This modulation was accompanied by an increase in firing and burst-firing activity of thalamocortical neurons in the mediodorsal thalamus. On the contrary, LSD excited infralimbic prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons only at the highest dose tested (160 µg/kg). The dopamine D2 receptor (D2) antagonist haloperidol administered after LSD increased burst-firing activity in the reticular thalamus neurons inhibited by LSD, decreased firing and burst-firing activity in the mediodorsal thalamus, and showed a trend towards further increasing the firing activity of neurons of the infralimbic prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSION LSD modulates firing and burst-firing activity of reticular thalamus neurons and disinhibits mediodorsal thalamus relay neurons at least partially in a D2-mediated fashion. These effects of LSD on thalamocortical gating could explain its consciousness-altering effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Inserra
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tamim Rezai
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Stefano Comai
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada
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Inserra A, De Gregorio D, Gobbi G. Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:202-277. [PMID: 33328244 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests safety and efficacy of psychedelic compounds as potential novel therapeutics in psychiatry. Ketamine has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in a new class of antidepressants, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is undergoing phase III clinical trials for post-traumatic stress disorder. Psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are being investigated in several phase II and phase I clinical trials. Hence, the concept of psychedelics as therapeutics may be incorporated into modern society. Here, we discuss the main known neurobiological therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics, which are thought to be mediated by the effects of these compounds on the serotonergic (via 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors) and glutamatergic [via N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors] systems. We focus on 1) neuroplasticity mediated by the modulation of mammalian target of rapamycin-, brain-derived neurotrophic factor-, and early growth response-related pathways; 2) immunomodulation via effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, nuclear factor ĸB, and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1, 6, and 10 production and release; and 3) modulation of serotonergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and norepinephrinergic receptors, transporters, and turnover systems. We discuss arising concerns and ways to assess potential neurobiological changes, dependence, and immunosuppression. Although larger cohorts are required to corroborate preliminary findings, the results obtained so far are promising and represent a critical opportunity for improvement of pharmacotherapies in psychiatry, an area that has seen limited therapeutic advancement in the last 20 years. Studies are underway that are trying to decouple the psychedelic effects from the therapeutic effects of these compounds. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Psychedelic compounds are emerging as potential novel therapeutics in psychiatry. However, understanding of molecular mechanisms mediating improvement remains limited. This paper reviews the available evidence concerning the effects of psychedelic compounds on pathways that modulate neuroplasticity, immunity, and neurotransmitter systems. This work aims to be a reference for psychiatrists who may soon be faced with the possibility of prescribing psychedelic compounds as medications, helping them assess which compound(s) and regimen could be most useful for decreasing specific psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Inserra
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Involvement of NMDA receptors containing the GluN2C subunit in the psychotomimetic and antidepressant-like effects of ketamine. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:427. [PMID: 33303736 PMCID: PMC7729946 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ketamine administration evokes rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant patients. However, ketamine also produces transient perceptual disturbances similarly to those evoked by other non-competitive NMDA-R antagonists like phencyclidine (PCP). Although the brain networks involved in both ketamine actions are not fully understood, PCP and ketamine activate thalamo-cortical networks after NMDA-R blockade in GABAergic neurons of the reticular thalamic nucleus (RtN). Given the involvement of thalamo-cortical networks in processing sensory information, these networks may underlie psychotomimetic action. Since the GluN2C subunit is densely expressed in the thalamus, including the RtN, we examined the dependence of psychotomimetic and antidepressant-like actions of ketamine on the presence of GluN2C subunits, using wild-type and GluN2C knockout (GluN2CKO) mice. Likewise, since few studies have investigated ketamine's effects in females, we used mice of both sexes. GluN2C deletion dramatically reduced stereotyped (circling) behavior induced by ketamine in male and female mice, while the antidepressant-like effect was fully preserved in both genotypes and sexes. Despite ketamine appeared to induce similar effects in both sexes, some neurobiological differences were observed between male and female mice regarding c-fos expression in thalamic nuclei and cerebellum, and glutamate surge in prefrontal cortex. In conclusion, the GluN2C subunit may discriminate between antidepressant-like and psychotomimetic actions of ketamine. Further, the abundant presence of GluN2C subunits in the cerebellum and the improved motor coordination of GluN2CKO mice after ketamine treatment suggest the involvement of cerebellar NMDA-Rs in some behavioral actions of ketamine.
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25
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Calovi S, Mut-Arbona P, Tod P, Iring A, Nicke A, Mato S, Vizi ES, Tønnesen J, Sperlagh B. P2X7 Receptor-Dependent Layer-Specific Changes in Neuron-Microglia Reactivity in the Prefrontal Cortex of a Phencyclidine Induced Mouse Model of Schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:566251. [PMID: 33262687 PMCID: PMC7686553 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.566251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been consistently reported that the deficiency of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensitive purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) ameliorates symptoms in animal models of brain diseases. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of P2X7R in rodent models of acute and subchronic schizophrenia based on phencyclidine (PCP) delivery in animals lacking or overexpressing P2X7R, and to identify the underlying mechanisms involved. Methods: The psychotomimetic effects of acute i.p. PCP administration in C57Bl/6J wild-type, P2X7R knockout (P2rx7−/−) and overexpressing (P2X7-EGFP) young adult mice were quantified. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of P2rx7−/− and heterozygous P2X7-EGFP acutely treated animals was characterized through immunohistochemical staining. The prefrontal cortices of young adult P2rx7−/− and P2rx7tg/+ mice were examined with tritiated dopamine release experiments and the functional properties of the mPFC pyramidal neurons in layer V from P2rx7−/− mice were assessed by patch-clamp recordings. P2rx7−/− animals were subjected to a 7 days subchronic systemic PCP treatment. The animals working memory performance and PFC cytokine levels were assessed. Results: Our data strengthen the hypothesis that P2X7R modulates schizophrenia-like positive and cognitive symptoms in NMDA receptor antagonist models in a receptor expression level-dependent manner. P2X7R expression leads to higher medial PFC susceptibility to PCP-induced circuit hyperactivity. The mPFC of P2X7R knockout animals displayed distinct alterations in the neuronal activation pattern, microglial organization, specifically around hyperactive neurons, and were associated with lower intrinsic excitability of mPFC neurons. Conclusions: P2X7R expression exacerbated PCP-related effects in C57Bl/6J mice. Our findings suggest a pleiotropic role of P2X7R in the mPFC, consistent with the observed behavioral phenotype, regulating basal dopamine concentration, layer-specific neuronal activation, intrinsic excitability of neurons in the mPFC, and the interaction of microglia with hyperactive neurons. Direct measurements of P2X7R activity concerning microglial ramifications and dynamics could help to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Calovi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paula Mut-Arbona
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Tod
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Iring
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susana Mato
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - E Sylvester Vizi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jan Tønnesen
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Beata Sperlagh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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26
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Adell A. Brain NMDA Receptors in Schizophrenia and Depression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060947. [PMID: 32585886 PMCID: PMC7355879 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists such as phencyclidine (PCP), dizocilpine (MK-801) and ketamine have long been considered a model of schizophrenia, both in animals and humans. However, ketamine has been recently approved for treatment-resistant depression, although with severe restrictions. Interestingly, the dosage in both conditions is similar, and positive symptoms of schizophrenia appear before antidepressant effects emerge. Here, we describe the temporal mechanisms implicated in schizophrenia-like and antidepressant-like effects of NMDA blockade in rats, and postulate that such effects may indicate that NMDA receptor antagonists induce similar mechanistic effects, and only the basal pre-drug state of the organism delimitates the overall outcome. Hence, blockade of NMDA receptors in depressive-like status can lead to amelioration or remission of symptoms, whereas healthy individuals develop psychotic symptoms and schizophrenia patients show an exacerbation of these symptoms after the administration of NMDA receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Adell
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC-University of Cantabria), Calle Albert Einstein 22 (PCTCAN), 39011 Santander, Spain; or
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 39011 Santander, Spain
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27
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Digital autoradiography for efficient functional imaging without anesthesia in experimental animals: Reversing phencyclidine-induced functional alterations using clozapine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109887. [PMID: 32061743 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Autoradiography (ARG) is a high-resolution imaging method for localization of radiolabeled biomarkers in ex vivo specimen. ARG using 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) method is used in to study drug actions on brain functional activity, as it provides results comparable to clinically used functional positron-emission tomography (PET). The requirement of slow analog detection methods and emerging advances in small animal PET imaging have, however, reduced the interest in ARG. In contrast to ARG, experimental animals need to be restrained or sedated/anesthetized for PET imaging, which strongly influence functional activity and thus complicate the interpretation of the results. Digital direct particle-counting ARG systems have gained attraction during the last decade to overcome the caveats of conventional ARG methods. Here we demonstrate that the well-established 2-DG imaging method can be adapted into use with contemporary digital detectors. This method readily and rapidly captures the characteristic effects of phencyclidine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a dissociative agent targeting the NMDAR (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor), on regional glucose utilization in the adult mouse brain. Pretreatment with antipsychotic drug clozapine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) essentially abolishes these effects of phencyclidine on brain functional activity. Digital ARG produces viable data for the regional analysis of functional activity in a fraction of time required for film development. These results support the use of digital ARG in preclinical drug research, where high throughput and response linearity are preferred and use of sedation/anesthesia has to be avoided.
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28
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Amat-Foraster M, Celada P, Richter U, Jensen AA, Plath N, Artigas F, Herrik KF. Modulation of thalamo-cortical activity by the NMDA receptor antagonists ketamine and phencyclidine in the awake freely-moving rat. Neuropharmacology 2019; 158:107745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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29
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López Hill X, Richeri A, McGregor R, Acuña A, Scorza C. Neuro-behavioral effects after systemic administration of MK-801 and disinhibition of the anterior thalamic nucleus in rats: Potential relevance in schizophrenia. Brain Res 2019; 1718:176-185. [PMID: 31071305 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) antagonists have been suggested to evoke psychotomimetic-like behaviors by selectively targeting GABAergic elements in cortical and thalamic circuits. In previous studies, we had reported the involvement of the reticular and anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) in the MK-801-evoked hyperactivity and other motor alterations. Consistent with the possibility that these responses were mediated by thalamic disinhibition, we examined the participation of cortical and hippocampal areas innervated by ATN in the responses elicited by the systemic administration of MK-801 (0.2 mg/kg) and compared them to the effects produced by the microinjection of a subconvulsive dose of bicuculline (GABAA receptor antagonist) in the ATN. We used the expression of Fos related antigen 2 (Fra-2) as a neuronal activity marker in the ATN and its projection areas such as hippocampus (HPC), retrosplenial cortex (RS), entorhinal cortex (EC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Dorsal (caudate-putamen, CPu) and ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens, core and shell, NAc,co and NAc,sh) were also studied. Behavioral and brain activation results suggest a partial overlap after the effect of MK-801 administration and ATN disinhibition. MK-801 and ATN disinhibition increases locomotor activity and disorganized movements, while ATN disinhibition also reduces rearing behavior. A significant increase in Fra-2 immunoreactivity (Fra-2-IR) in the ATN, mPFC (prelimbic area, PrL) and NAc,sh was observed after MK-801, while a different pattern of Fra-2-IR was detected following ATN disinhibition (e.g., increase in DG and NAc,sh, and decrease in PrL cortex). Overall, our data may contribute to the understanding of dysfunctional neural circuits involved in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena López Hill
- Department of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Analía Richeri
- Department of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ronald McGregor
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Neurobiology Research (151A3), North Hills, CA 91343, United States; Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Alejo Acuña
- Department of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Scorza
- Department of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Muñoz-Ballester C, Santana N, Perez-Jimenez E, Viana R, Artigas F, Sanz P. In vivo glutamate clearance defects in a mouse model of Lafora disease. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112959. [PMID: 31108086 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by epilepsy, neurodegeneration and insoluble polyglucosan accumulation in brain and other peripheral tissues. Although in the last two decades we have increased our knowledge on the molecular basis underlying the pathophysiology of LD, only a small part of the research in LD has paid attention to the mechanisms triggering one of the most lethal features of the disease: epilepsy. Recent studies in our laboratory suggested that a dysfunction in the activity of the mouse astrocytic glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) could contribute to epilepsy in LD. In this work, we present new in vivo evidence of a GLT-1 dysfunction, contributing to increased levels of extracellular glutamate in the hippocampus of a mouse model of Lafora disease (Epm2b-/-, lacking the E3-ubiquitin ligase malin). According to our results, Epm2b-/- mice showed an increased neuronal activity, as assessed by c-fos expression, in the hippocampus, an area directly correlated to epileptogenesis. This brain area presented lesser ability to remove synaptic glutamate after local GLT-1 blockade with dihydrokainate (DHK), in comparison to Epm2b+/+ animals, suggesting that these animals have a compromised glutamate clearance when a challenging condition was presented. These results correlate with a hippocampal upregulation of the minor isoform of the Glt-1 gene, named Glt-1b, which has been associated with compensatory mechanisms activated in response to neuronal stress. In conclusion, the hippocampus of Epm2b-/- mice presents an in vivo impairment in glutamate uptake which could contribute to epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Muñoz-Ballester
- IBV-CSIC. Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - N Santana
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques de Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Perez-Jimenez
- IBV-CSIC. Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Viana
- IBV-CSIC. Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - F Artigas
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques de Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Sanz
- IBV-CSIC. Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain; CIBERER. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, group U742, Valencia, Spain.
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31
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Effects of Low Doses of Ketamine on Pyramidal Neurons in Rat Prefrontal Cortex. Neuroscience 2018; 384:178-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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32
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Temporally dissociable effects of ketamine on neuronal discharge and gamma oscillations in rat thalamo-cortical networks. Neuropharmacology 2018; 137:13-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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33
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Aringhieri S, Carli M, Kolachalam S, Verdesca V, Cini E, Rossi M, McCormick PJ, Corsini GU, Maggio R, Scarselli M. Molecular targets of atypical antipsychotics: From mechanism of action to clinical differences. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 192:20-41. [PMID: 29953902 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) since the discovery of its prototypical drug clozapine has been a revolutionary pharmacological step for treating psychotic patients as these allow a significant recovery not only in terms of hospitalization and reduction in symptoms severity, but also in terms of safety, socialization and better rehabilitation in the society. Regarding the mechanism of action, AAPs are weak D2 receptor antagonists and they act beyond D2 antagonism, involving other receptor targets which regulate dopamine and other neurotransmitters. Consequently, AAPs present a significant reduction of deleterious side effects like parkinsonism, hyperprolactinemia, apathy and anhedonia, which are all linked to the strong blockade of D2 receptors. This review revisits previous and current findings within the class of AAPs and highlights the differences in terms of receptor properties and clinical activities among them. Furthermore, we propose a continuum spectrum of "atypia" that begins with risperidone (the least atypical) to clozapine (the most atypical), while all the other AAPs fall within the extremes of this spectrum. Clozapine is still considered the gold standard in refractory schizophrenia and in psychoses present in Parkinson's disease, though it has been associated with adverse effects like agranulocytosis (0.7%) and weight gain, pushing the scientific community to find new drugs as effective as clozapine, but devoid of its side effects. To achieve this, it is therefore imperative to characterize and compare in depth the very complex molecular profile of AAPs. We also introduce relatively new concepts like biased agonism, receptor dimerization and neurogenesis to identify better the old and new hallmarks of "atypia". Finally, a detailed confrontation of clinical differences among the AAPs is presented, especially in relation to their molecular targets, and new means like therapeutic drug monitoring are also proposed to improve the effectiveness of AAPs in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Aringhieri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Carli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Shivakumar Kolachalam
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Verdesca
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Cini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Rossi
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter J McCormick
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Giovanni U Corsini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Maggio
- Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences Department, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy.
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Rebollo B, Perez-Zabalza M, Ruiz-Mejias M, Perez-Mendez L, Sanchez-Vives MV. Beta and Gamma Oscillations in Prefrontal Cortex During NMDA Hypofunction: An In Vitro Model of Schizophrenia Features. Neuroscience 2018; 383:138-149. [PMID: 29723576 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
NMDA receptor (NMDAr) hypofunction has been widely used as a schizophrenia model. Decreased activation of NMDAr is associated with a disrupted excitation/inhibition balance in the prefrontal cortex and with alterations in gamma synchronization. Our aim was to investigate whether this phenomenon could be reproduced in the spontaneous oscillatory activity generated by the local prefrontal network in vitro and, if so, to explore the effects of antipsychotics on the resulting activity. Extracellular recordings were obtained from prefrontal cortex slices bathed in in vivo-like ACSF solution. Slow (<1 Hz) oscillations consisting of interspersed Up (active) and Down (silent) states spontaneously emerged. Fast-frequency oscillations (15-90 Hz) occurred during Up states. We explored the effects of the NMDAr antagonist MK-801 on the spontaneously generated activity. Bath-applied MK-801 induced a dose-dependent decrease in Up-state duration and in the frequency of Up states. However, the beta/gamma power during Up states significantly increased; this increase was in turn prevented by the antipsychotic drug clozapine. The increased beta/gamma power with NMDAr blockade implies that NMDAr activation in physiological conditions prevents hypersynchronization in this frequency range. High-frequency hypersynchronization following NMDAr blockade occurring in cortical slices suggests that-at least part of-the underlying mechanisms of this schizophrenia feature persist in the local cortical circuit, even in the absence of long-range cortical or subcortical inputs. The observed action of clozapine decreasing hypersynchronization in the local circuit may be one of the mechanisms of action of clozapine in preventing schizophrenia symptoms derived from NMDA hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rebollo
- IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), C/Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Perez-Zabalza
- IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), C/Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Ruiz-Mejias
- IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), C/Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Perez-Mendez
- IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), C/Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria V Sanchez-Vives
- IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), C/Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Newman EL, Terunuma M, Wang TL, Hewage N, Bicakci MB, Moss SJ, DeBold JF, Miczek KA. A Role for Prefrontal Cortical NMDA Receptors in Murine Alcohol-Heightened Aggression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1224-1234. [PMID: 29052618 PMCID: PMC5916347 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is associated with nearly half of all violent crimes committed in the United States; yet, a potential neural basis for this type of pathological aggression remains elusive. Alcohol may act on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) within cortical circuits to impede processing and to promote aggression. Here, male mice were characterized as alcohol-heightened (AHAs) or alcohol non-heightened aggressors (ANAs) during resident-intruder confrontations after self-administering 1.0 g/kg alcohol (6% w/v) or water. Alcohol produced a pathological-like pattern of aggression in AHAs; these mice shifted their bites to more vulnerable locations on the body of a submissive animal, including the anterior back and ventrum after consuming alcohol. In addition, through immunoblotting, we found that AHAs overexpressed the NMDAR GluN2D subunit in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as compared to ANAs while the two phenotypes expressed similar levels of GluN1, GluN2A and GluN2B. After identifying several behavioral and molecular characteristics that distinguish AHAs from ANAs, we tested additional mice for their aggression following preferential antagonism of GluN2D-containing NMDARs. In these experiments, groups of AHAs and ANAs self-administered 1.0 g/kg alcohol (6% w/v) or water before receiving intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of ketamine or memantine, or infusions of memantine directly into the prelimbic (PLmPFC) or infralimbic medial PFC (ILmPFC). Moderate doses of IP ketamine, IP memantine, or intra-PLmPFC memantine increased aggression in AHAs, but only in the absence of alcohol. Prior alcohol intake blocked the pro-aggressive effects of ketamine or memantine. In contrast, only memantine, administered systemically or intra-PLmPFC, interacted with prior alcohol intake to escalate aggression in ANAs. Intra-ILmPFC memantine had no effect on aggression in either AHAs or ANAs. In sum, this work illustrates a potential role of GluN2D-containing NMDARs in the PLmPFC in alcohol-heightened aggression. GluN2D-containing NMDARs are highly expressed on cortical parvalbumin-containing interneurons, suggesting that, in a subset of individuals, alcohol may functionally alter signal integration within cortical microcircuits to dysregulate threat reactivity and promote aggression. This work suggests that targeting GluN2D-NMDARs may be of use in reducing the impact of alcohol-related violence in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Newman
- Psychology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Miho Terunuma
- Division of Oral Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tiffany L Wang
- Psychology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Nishani Hewage
- Psychology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Klaus A Miczek
- Psychology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
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Artigas F, Celada P, Bortolozzi A. Can we increase the speed and efficacy of antidepressant treatments? Part II. Glutamatergic and RNA interference strategies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29525411 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the second part we focus on two treatment strategies that may overcome the main limitations of current antidepressant drugs. First, we review the experimental and clinical evidence supporting the use of glutamatergic drugs as fast-acting antidepressants. Secondly, we review the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and the use of small RNAs (e.g.., small interfering RNAs or siRNAs) to knockdown genes in monoaminergic and non-monoaminergic neurons and induce antidepressant-like responses in experimental animals. The development of glutamatergic agents is a promising venue for antidepressant drug development, given the antidepressant properties of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine. Its unique properties appear to result from the activation of AMPA receptors by a metabolite [(2S,6S;2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK)] and mTOR signaling. These effects increase synaptogenesis in prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons and enhance serotonergic neurotransmission via descending inputs to the raphe nuclei. This view is supported by the cancellation of ketamine's antidepressant-like effects by inhibition of serotonin synthesis. We also review existing evidence supporting the involvement of miRNAs in MDD and the preclinical use of RNA interference (RNAi) strategies to target genes involved in antidepressant response. Many miRNAs have been associated to MDD, some of which e.g., miR-135 targets genes involved in antidepressant actions. Likewise, SSRI-conjugated siRNA evokes faster and/or more effective antidepressant-like responses. Intranasal application of sertraline-conjugated siRNAs directed to 5-HT1A receptors and SERT evoked much faster changes of pre- and postsynaptic antidepressant markers than those produced by fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Artigas
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigació Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain.
| | - P Celada
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigació Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain
| | - A Bortolozzi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigació Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain
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Gronier B, Savignac HM, Di Miceli M, Idriss SM, Tzortzis G, Anthony D, Burnet PWJ. Increased cortical neuronal responses to NMDA and improved attentional set-shifting performance in rats following prebiotic (B-GOS ®) ingestion. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:211-224. [PMID: 29174530 PMCID: PMC5857269 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that prebiotics (dietary fibres that augment the growth of indigenous beneficial gut bacteria) such as Bimuno™ galacto-oligosaccharides (B-GOS®), increased N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor levels in the rat brain. The current investigation examined the functional correlates of these changes in B-GOS®-fed rats by measuring cortical neuronal responses to NMDA using in vivo NMDA micro-iontophoresis electrophysiology, and performance in the attentional set-shifting task. Adult male rats were supplemented with B-GOS® in the drinking water 3 weeks prior to in vivo iontophoresis or behavioural testing. Cortical neuronal responses to NMDA iontophoresis, were greater (+30%) in B-GOS® administered rats compared to non-supplemented controls. The intake of B-GOS® also partially hindered the reduction of NMDA responses by the glycine site antagonist, HA-966. In the attentional set-shifting task, B-GOS® -fed rats shifted from an intra-dimensional to an extra-dimensional set in fewer trials than controls, thereby indicating greater cognitive flexibility. An initial exploration into the mechanisms revealed that rats ingesting B-GOS® had increased levels of plasma acetate, and cortical GluN2B subunits and Acetyl Co-A Carboxylase mRNA. These changes were also observed in rats fed daily for 3 weeks with glyceryl triacetate, though unlike B-GOS®, cortical histone deacetylase (HDAC1, HDAC2) mRNAs were also increased which suggested an additional epigenetic action of direct acetate supplementation. Our data demonstrate that a pro-cognitive effect of B-GOS® intake in rats is associated with an increase in cortical NMDA receptor function, but the role of circulating acetate derived from gut bacterial fermentation of this prebiotic requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gronier
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | | | - Mathieu Di Miceli
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Sherif M Idriss
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lubeck, 23562 Lubeck, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Philip W J Burnet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
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Riga MS, Lladó-Pelfort L, Artigas F, Celada P. The serotonin hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT alters cortico-thalamic activity in freely moving mice: Regionally-selective involvement of 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A receptors. Neuropharmacology 2017; 142:219-230. [PMID: 29221792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
5-MeO-DMT is a natural hallucinogen acting as serotonin 5-HT1A/5-HT2A receptor agonist. Its ability to evoke hallucinations could be used to study the neurobiology of psychotic symptoms and to identify new treatment targets. Moreover, recent studies revealed the therapeutic potential of serotonin hallucinogens in treating mood and anxiety disorders. Our previous results in anesthetized animals show that 5-MeO-DMT alters cortical activity via 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors. Here, we examined 5-MeO-DMT effects on oscillatory activity in prefrontal (PFC) and visual (V1) cortices, and in mediodorsal thalamus (MD) of freely-moving wild-type (WT) and 5-HT2A-R knockout (KO2A) mice. We performed local field potential multi-recordings evaluating the power at different frequency bands and coherence between areas. We also examined the prevention of 5-MeO-DMT effects by the 5-HT1A-R antagonist WAY-100635. 5-MeO-DMT affected oscillatory activity more in cortical than in thalamic areas. More marked effects were observed in delta power in V1 of KO2A mice. 5-MeO-DMT increased beta band coherence between all examined areas. In KO2A mice, WAY100635 prevented most of 5-MeO-DMT effects on oscillatory activity. The present results indicate that hallucinatory activity of 5-MeO-DMT is likely mediated by simultaneous alteration of prefrontal and visual activities. The prevention of these effects by WAY-100635 in KO2A mice supports the potential usefulness of 5-HT1A receptor antagonists to treat visual hallucinations. 5-MeO-DMT effects on PFC theta activity and cortico-thalamic coherence may be related to its antidepressant activity. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Psychedelics: New Doors, Altered Perceptions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio S Riga
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC-IDIBAPS, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain
| | - Laia Lladó-Pelfort
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC-IDIBAPS, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain
| | - Francesc Artigas
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC-IDIBAPS, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain
| | - Pau Celada
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC-IDIBAPS, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain.
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van den Munkhof HE, Arnt J, Celada P, Artigas F. The antipsychotic drug brexpiprazole reverses phencyclidine-induced disruptions of thalamocortical networks. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:1248-1257. [PMID: 29128144 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brexpiprazole (BREX), a recently approved antipsychotic drug in the US and Canada, improves cognitive dysfunction in animal models, by still largely unknown mechanisms. BREX is a partial agonist at 5-HT1A and D2 receptors and antagonist at α1B- and α2C-adrenergic and 5-HT2A receptors all with a similar potency. The NMDA receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP), used as pharmacological model of schizophrenia, activates thalamocortical networks and decreases low frequency oscillations (LFO; <4 Hz). These effects are reversed by antipsychotics. Here we assessed the ability of BREX to reverse PCP-induced hyperactivity of thalamocortical circuits, and the involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in its therapeutic action. BREX reversed PCP-induced neuronal activation at a lower dose in centromedial/mediodorsal thalamic nuclei (CM/MD; 0.5mg/kg) than in pyramidal medial prefrontal cortex neurons (mPFC, 2mg/kg), perhaps due to antagonism at α1B-adrenoceptors, abundantly expressed in the thalamus. Conversely, a cumulative 0.5 mg/kg dose reversed a PCP-induced LFO decrease in mPFC but not in CM/MD. BREX reduced LFO in both areas, yet with a different dose-response, and moderately excited mPFC neurons. The latter effect was reversed by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635. Thus, BREX partly antagonizes PCP-induced thalamocortical hyperactivity, differentially in mPFC versus CM/MD. This regional selectivity may be related to the differential expression of α1B-, α2C-adrenergic and 5-HT2A receptors in both regions and/or different neuronal types. Furthermore, the pro-cognitive properties of BREX may be related to the 5-HT1A receptor-mediated increase in mPFC pyramidal neuron activity. Overall, the present data provide new insight on the brain elements involved in BREX's therapeutic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E van den Munkhof
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jørn Arnt
- Lundbeck: Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark; Sunred Pharma Consulting ApS, Svend Gonges Vej 11A, DK-2680 Solrod Strand, Denmark
| | - Pau Celada
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Artigas
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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Torres-Sanchez S, Perez-Caballero L, Mico JA, Celada P, Berrocoso E. Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex on the noradrenergic system in rats. Brain Stimul 2017; 11:222-230. [PMID: 29074339 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the subgenual cingulate cortex (SCC) is a promising therapeutic alternative to treat resistant major depressive disorder. In preclinical studies, DBS of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC, the rodent SCC correlate) provokes an antidepressant-like effect, along with changes in noradrenaline levels at the site of stimulation. Hence, DBS appears to activate the noradrenergic-locus coeruleus (LC) system. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vmPFC DBS on the electrical activity of noradrenergic LC neurons, cortical oscillations and coherence between both brain areas in male rats. METHODS The antidepressant-like effect of vmPFC DBS was evaluated through the forced swimming test. Tonic and evoked activity of LC neurons, LC activity of alpha2-adrenoceptors, local field potentials from LC and electrocorticogram signals were studied after DBS by electrophysiological recordings in anaesthetized rats. The effect of DBS on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), noradrenaline transporters (NAT), phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) expression in the LC were measured by western blot assays. RESULTS DBS induced an antidepressant-like effect increasing climbing behaviour in the FST that was accompanied by a robust increase of TH expression in the rat LC. The tonic and evoked activity of LC neurons was enhanced by DBS, which impaired alpha2-adrenoceptors activity. DBS also promoted an increase in slow LC oscillations, as well as a shift in LC-cortical coherence. CONCLUSION DBS of the vmPFC appears to affect the LC, producing changes that may underlie its antidepressant-like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Torres-Sanchez
- Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Laura Perez-Caballero
- CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan A Mico
- CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pau Celada
- CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona IIBB-CSIC, Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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López Hill X, Richeri A, Scorza MC. Clozapine blockade of MK-801-induced learning/memory impairment in the mEPM: Role of 5-HT1A receptors and hippocampal BDNF levels. Physiol Behav 2017; 179:346-352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Santana N, Artigas F. Laminar and Cellular Distribution of Monoamine Receptors in Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:87. [PMID: 29033796 PMCID: PMC5625028 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is deeply involved in higher brain functions, many of which are altered in psychiatric conditions. The PFC exerts a top-down control of most cortical and subcortical areas through descending pathways and is densely innervated by axons emerging from the brainstem monoamine cell groups, namely, the dorsal and median raphe nuclei (DR and MnR, respectively), the ventral tegmental area and the locus coeruleus (LC). In turn, the activity of these cell groups is tightly controlled by afferent pathways arising from layer V PFC pyramidal neurons. The reciprocal connectivity between PFC and monoamine cell groups is of interest to study the pathophysiology and treatment of severe psychiatric disorders, such as major depression and schizophrenia, inasmuch as antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs target monoamine receptors/transporters expressed in these areas. Here we review previous reports examining the presence of monoamine receptors in pyramidal and GABAergic neurons of the PFC using double in situ hybridization. Additionally, we present new data on the quantitative layer distribution (layers I, II-III, V, and VI) of monoamine receptor-expressing cells in the cingulate (Cg), prelimbic (PrL) and infralimbic (IL) subfields of the medial PFC (mPFC). The receptors examined include serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT3, dopamine D1 and D2 receptors, and α1A-, α1B-, and α1D-adrenoceptors. With the exception of 5-HT3 receptors, selectively expressed by layers I-III GABA interneurons, the rest of monoamine receptors are widely expressed by pyramidal and GABAergic neurons in intermediate and deep layers of mPFC (5-HT2C receptors are also expressed in layer I). This complex distribution suggests that monoamines may modulate the communications between PFC and cortical/subcortical areas through the activation of receptors expressed by neurons in intermediate (e.g., 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, α1D-adrenoceptors, dopamine D1 receptors) and deep layers (e.g., 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, α1A-adrenoceptors, dopamine D2 receptors), respectively. Overall, these data provide a detailed framework to better understand the role of monoamines in the processing of cognitive and emotional signals by the PFC. Likewise, they may be helpful to characterize brain circuits relevant for the therapeutic action of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs and to improve their therapeutic action, overcoming the limitations of current drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Santana
- Systems Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Artigas
- Systems Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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Asif-Malik A, Dautan D, Young AMJ, Gerdjikov TV. Altered cortico-striatal crosstalk underlies object recognition memory deficits in the sub-chronic phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3179-3190. [PMID: 28293729 PMCID: PMC5585296 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are poorly understood. Sub-chronic treatment with the NMDA antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) produces cognitive abnormalities in rodents that reliably model aspects of the neurocognitive alterations observed in schizophrenia. Given that network activity across regions encompassing medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a significant role in motivational and cognitive tasks, we measured activity across cortico-striatal pathways in PCP-treated rats to characterize neural enabling and encoding of task performance in a novel object recognition task. We found that PCP treatment impaired task performance and concurrently (1) reduced tonic NAc neuronal activity, (2) desynchronized cross-activation of mPFC and NAc neurons, and (3) prevented the increase in mPFC and NAc neural activity associated with the exploration of a novel object in relation to a familiar object. Taken together, these observations reveal key neuronal and network-level adaptations underlying PCP-induced cognitive deficits, which may contribute to the emergence of cognitive abnormalities in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Asif-Malik
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Daniel Dautan
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew M J Young
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Todor V Gerdjikov
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
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Altered Cortical Ensembles in Mouse Models of Schizophrenia. Neuron 2017; 94:153-167.e8. [PMID: 28384469 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In schizophrenia, brain-wide alterations have been identified at the molecular and cellular levels, yet how these phenomena affect cortical circuit activity remains unclear. We studied two mouse models of schizophrenia-relevant disease processes: chronic ketamine (KET) administration and Df(16)A+/-, modeling 22q11.2 microdeletions, a genetic variant highly penetrant for schizophrenia. Local field potential recordings in visual cortex confirmed gamma-band abnormalities similar to patient studies. Two-photon calcium imaging of local cortical populations revealed in both models a deficit in the reliability of neuronal coactivity patterns (ensembles), which was not a simple consequence of altered single-neuron activity. This effect was present in ongoing and sensory-evoked activity and was not replicated by acute ketamine administration or pharmacogenetic parvalbumin-interneuron suppression. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that schizophrenia is an "attractor" disease and demonstrate that degraded neuronal ensembles are a common consequence of diverse genetic, cellular, and synaptic alterations seen in chronic schizophrenia.
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Paasonen J, Salo RA, Ihalainen J, Leikas JV, Savolainen K, Lehtonen M, Forsberg MM, Gröhn O. Dose-response effect of acute phencyclidine on functional connectivity and dopamine levels, and their association with schizophrenia-like symptom classes in rat. Neuropharmacology 2017; 119:15-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Riga MS, Teruel-Martí V, Sánchez C, Celada P, Artigas F. Subchronic vortioxetine treatment –but not escitalopram– enhances pyramidal neuron activity in the rat prefrontal cortex. Neuropharmacology 2017; 113:148-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Glial GLT-1 blockade in infralimbic cortex as a new strategy to evoke rapid antidepressant-like effects in rats. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1038. [PMID: 28221365 PMCID: PMC5438036 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine and deep brain stimulation produce rapid antidepressant effects in humans and rodents. An increased AMPA receptor (AMPA-R) signaling in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been suggested to mediate these responses. However, little research has addressed the direct effects of enhancing glutamate tone or AMPA-R stimulation in mPFC subdivisions. The current study investigates the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) blockade or s-AMPA microinfusion in the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PrL) cortex. Owing to the connectivity between the mPFC and raphe nuclei, the role of serotonin is also explored. The bilateral microinfusion of the depolarizing agent veratridine into IL -but not PrL- of rats evoked immediate antidepressant-like responses. The same regional selectivity was observed after microinfusion of dihydrokainic acid (DHK), a selective inhibitor of GLT-1, present in astrocytes. The DHK-evoked antidepressant-like responses appear to be mediated by an AMPA-R-driven enhancement of serotonergic activity, as (i) they were prevented by NBQX 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide disodium salt) and mimicked by s-AMPA; (ii) DHK and s-AMPA elevated similarly extracellular glutamate in IL and PrL, although extracellular 5-HT and c-fos expression in the midbrain dorsal raphe increased only when these agents were applied in IL; and (iii) DHK antidepressant-like responses were prevented by 5-HT synthesis inhibition and mimicked by citalopram microinfusion in IL. These results indicate that an acute increase of glutamatergic neurotransmission selectively in IL triggers immediate antidepressant-like responses in rats, likely mediated by the activation of IL-raphe pathways, which then results in a fast increase of serotonergic activity.
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Abstract
Hallucinogens evoke sensory, perceptual, affective, and cognitive effects that may be useful to understand the neurobiological basis of mood and psychotic disorders. The present chapter reviews preclinical research carried out in recent years in order to better understand the action of psychotomimetic agents such as the noncompetitive NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) antagonists and serotonergic hallucinogens. Our studies have focused on the mechanisms through which these agents alter cortical activity. Noncompetitive NMDA-R antagonists, such as phencyclidine (PCP) and MK-801 (dizocilpine), as well as the serotonergic hallucinogens DOI and 5-MeO-DMT, produce similar effects on cellular and population activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC); these effects include alterations of pyramidal neuron discharge (with an overall increase in firing), as well as a marked attenuation of the low frequency oscillations (0.2-4 Hz) to which neuronal discharge is coupled in anesthetized rodents. PCP increases c-fos expression in excitatory neurons from various cortical and subcortical areas, particularly the thalamus. This effect of PCP involves the preferential blockade of NMDA-R on GABAergic neurons of the reticular nucleus of the thalamus, which provides feedforward inhibition to the rest of thalamic nuclei. It is still unknown whether serotonergic hallucinogens also affect thalamocortical networks. However, when examined, similar alterations in other cortical areas, such as the primary visual cortex (V1), have been observed, suggesting that these agents affect cortical activity in sensory and associative areas. Interestingly, the disruption of PFC activity induced by PCP, DOI and 5-MeO-DMT is reversed by classical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. This effect suggests a possible link between the mechanisms underlying the disruption of perception by multiple classes of hallucinogenic agents and the therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotic agents.
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Didriksen M, Fejgin K, Nilsson SR, Birknow MR, Grayton HM, Larsen PH, Lauridsen JB, Nielsen V, Celada P, Santana N, Kallunki P, Christensen KV, Werge TM, Stensbøl TB, Egebjerg J, Gastambide F, Artigas F, Bastlund JF, Nielsen J. Persistent gating deficit and increased sensitivity to NMDA receptor antagonism after puberty in a new mouse model of the human 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome: a study in male mice. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2017; 42:48-58. [PMID: 27391101 PMCID: PMC5373712 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.150381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hemizygous 22q11.2 microdeletion is a common copy number variant in humans. The deletion confers high risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. Up to 41% of deletion carriers experience psychotic symptoms. METHODS We present a new mouse model (Df(h22q11)/+) of the deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) and report on, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive study undertaken to date in 22q11.2DS models. The study was conducted in male mice. RESULTS We found elevated postpubertal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist-induced hyperlocomotion, age-independent prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits and increased acoustic startle response (ASR). The PPI deficit and increased ASR were resistant to antipsychotic treatment. The PPI deficit was not a consequence of impaired hearing measured by auditory brain stem responses. The Df(h22q11)/+ mice also displayed increased amplitude of loudness-dependent auditory evoked potentials. Prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatal elevations of the dopamine metabolite DOPAC and increased dorsal striatal expression of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 was found. The Df(h22q11)/+ mice did not deviate from wild-type mice in a wide range of other behavioural and biochemical assays. LIMITATIONS The 22q11.2 microdeletion has incomplete penetrance in humans, and the severity of disease depends on the complete genetic makeup in concert with environmental factors. In order to obtain more marked phenotypes reflecting the severe conditions related to 22q11.2DS it is suggested to expose the Df(h22q11)/+ mice to environmental stressors that may unmask latent psychopathology. CONCLUSION The Df(h22q11)/+ model will be a valuable tool for increasing our understanding of the etiology of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders associated with the 22q11DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Didriksen
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Kim Fejgin
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Simon R.O. Nilsson
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Michelle R. Birknow
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Hannah M. Grayton
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Peter H. Larsen
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Jes B. Lauridsen
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Vibeke Nielsen
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Pau Celada
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Noemi Santana
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Pekka Kallunki
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Kenneth V. Christensen
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Thomas M. Werge
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Tine B. Stensbøl
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Jan Egebjerg
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Francois Gastambide
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Francesc Artigas
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Jesper F. Bastlund
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
| | - Jacob Nielsen
- From H. Lundbeck A/S, Research DK, Valby, Denmark (Didriksen Fejgin, Birknow, Larsen, Lauridsen, Nielsen, Kallunki, Christensen, Stensbøl, Egebjerg, Nielsen); the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Nilsson); the Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, UK (Grayton, Gastambide); the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Celada, Artigas); the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain (Santana, Artigas); the Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Copenhagen Mental Health Services; and the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; iP-SYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Roskilde, Denmark (Werge)
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Taylor DL, Tiwari AK, Lieberman JA, Potkin SG, Meltzer HY, Knight J, Remington G, Müller DJ, Kennedy JL. Pharmacogenetic Analysis of Functional Glutamate System Gene Variants and Clinical Response to Clozapine. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2016; 2:185-197. [PMID: 28277565 DOI: 10.1159/000449224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Altered glutamate neurotransmission is implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) and the pharmacogenetics of response to clozapine (CLZ), which is the drug of choice for treatment-resistant SCZ. Response to antipsychotic therapy is highly variable, although twin studies suggest a genetic component. We investigated the association of 10 glutamate system gene variants with CLZ response using standard genotyping procedures. GRM2 (rs4067 and rs2518461), SLC1A2 (rs4354668, rs4534557, and rs2901534), SLC6A9 (rs12037805, rs1978195, and rs16831558), GRIA1 (rs2195450), and GAD1 (rs3749034) were typed in 163 European SCZ/schizoaffective disorder patients deemed resistant or intolerant to previous pharmacotherapy. Response was assessed following 6 months of CLZ monotherapy using change in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores. Categorical and continuous response variables were analyzed using χ2 tests and analysis of covariance, respectively. We report no significant associations following correction for multiple testing. Prior to correction, nominally significant associations were observed for SLC6A9, SLC1A2, GRM2, and GRIA1. Most notably, CC homozygotes of rs16831558 located in the glycine transporter 1 gene (SLC6A9) exhibited an allele dose-dependent improvement in positive symptoms compared to T allele carriers (puncorrected = 0.008, pcorrected = 0.08). To clarify the role of SLC6A9 in clinical response to antipsychotic medication, and CLZ in particular, this finding warrants further investigation in larger well-characterized samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Taylor
- Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - Arun K Tiwari
- Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, N.Y, USA
| | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Calif, USA
| | - Herbert Y Meltzer
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill., USA
| | - Joanne Knight
- Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Lancaster Medical School and Data Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Gary Remington
- Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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