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Guo X, Yu H, Xiong J, Dai Q, Li Y, Zhang W, Liao X, He X, Zhou H, Zhang K. Pseudomonas aeruginosa two-component system LadS/PA0034 regulates macrophage phagocytosis via fimbrial protein cupA1. mBio 2024:e0061624. [PMID: 38771052 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00616-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens worldwide, known for its virulence, drug resistance, and elaborate sensor-response network. The primary challenge encountered by pathogens during the initial stages of infection is the immune clearance arising from the host. The resident macrophages of barrier organs serve as the frontline defense against these pathogens. Central to our understanding is the mechanism by which bacteria modify their behavior to circumvent macrophage-mediated clearance, ensuring their persistence and colonization. To successfully evade macrophage-mediated phagocytosis, bacteria must possess an adaptive response mechanism. Two-component systems provide bacteria the agility to navigate diverse environmental challenges, translating external stimuli into cellular adaptive responses. Here, we report that the well-documented histidine kinase, LadS, coupled to a cognate two-component response regulator, PA0034, governs the expression of a vital adhesin called chaperone-usher pathway pilus cupA. The LadS/PA0034 system is susceptible to interference from the reactive oxygen species likely to be produced by macrophages and further lead to a poor adhesive phenotype with scantily cupA pilus, impairing the phagocytosis efficiency of macrophages during acute infection. This dynamic underscores the intriguing interplay: as macrophages deploy reactive oxygen species to combat bacterial invasion, the bacteria recalibrate their exterior to elude these defenses. IMPORTANCE The notoriety of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is underscored by its virulence, drug resistance, and elaborate sensor-response network. Yet, the mechanisms by which P. aeruginosa maneuvers to escape phagocytosis during acute infections remain elusive. This study pinpoints a two-component response regulator, PA0034, coupled with the histidine kinase LadS, and responds to macrophage-derived reactive oxygen species. The macrophage-derived reactive oxygen species can impair the LadS/PA0034 system, resulting in reduced expression of cupA pilus in the exterior of P. aeruginosa. Since the cupA pilus is an important adhesin of P. aeruginosa, its deficiency reduces bacterial adhesion and changes their behavior to adopt a planktonic lifestyle, subsequently inhibiting the phagocytosis of macrophages by interfering with bacterial adhesion. Briefly, reactive oxygen species may act as environmental cues for the LadS/PA0034 system. Upon recognition, P. aeruginosa may transition to a poorly adhesive state, efficiently avoiding engulfment by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Guo
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junzhi Xiong
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiping Liao
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomei He
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kebin Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Mikhailovich V, Heydarov R, Zimenkov D, Chebotar I. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia virulence: a current view. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1385631. [PMID: 38741741 PMCID: PMC11089167 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1385631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen intrinsically resistant to multiple and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Although the bacterium is considered a low-virulence pathogen, it can cause various severe diseases and contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of multibacterial infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, S. maltophilia has been recognized as one of the most common causative agents of respiratory co-infections and bacteremia in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The high ability to adapt to unfavorable environments and new habitat niches, as well as the sophisticated switching of metabolic pathways, are unique mechanisms that attract the attention of clinical researchers and experts studying the fundamental basis of virulence. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on the molecular aspects of S. maltophilia virulence and putative virulence factors, partially touched on interspecific bacterial interactions and iron uptake systems in the context of virulence, and have not addressed antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mikhailovich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rustam Heydarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Danila Zimenkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Chebotar
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Bakalakos M, Ampadiotaki MM, Vlachos C, Sipsas N, Pneumaticos S, Vlamis J. Molecular Mechanisms of Biofilm Formation on Orthopaedic Implants: Review of the Literature. MAEDICA 2024; 19:129-136. [PMID: 38736937 PMCID: PMC11079743 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2021.19.1.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Orthopaedic implant-associated infections (OIAIs) is one of the most catastrophic complications following joint arthroplasty or fracture fixation. Given the increasing number of orthopaedic implants which are used annually, periprosthetic infections emerge as a global problem. Their diagnosis and consequent therapeutic management remain challenging for clinicians. Biofilm formation is a complex and only partially understood process that has not been extensively studied. Understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in biofilm formation is crucial in the amelioration of both diagnosis and therapeutic management of OIAIs. We performed a literature review of the molecular mechanisms of biofilm formation and discussed the four most common and thoroughly researched microbes of biofilm-related OIAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthaios Bakalakos
- 3rd Orthopaedic Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos Vlachos
- 3rd Orthopaedic Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Sipsas
- Infectious Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Pneumaticos
- 3rd Orthopaedic Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - John Vlamis
- 3rd Orthopaedic Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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4
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Böhning J, Tarafder AK, Bharat TA. The role of filamentous matrix molecules in shaping the architecture and emergent properties of bacterial biofilms. Biochem J 2024; 481:245-263. [PMID: 38358118 PMCID: PMC10903470 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Numerous bacteria naturally occur within spatially organised, multicellular communities called biofilms. Moreover, most bacterial infections proceed with biofilm formation, posing major challenges to human health. Within biofilms, bacterial cells are embedded in a primarily self-produced extracellular matrix, which is a defining feature of all biofilms. The biofilm matrix is a complex, viscous mixture primarily composed of polymeric substances such as polysaccharides, filamentous protein fibres, and extracellular DNA. The structured arrangement of the matrix bestows bacteria with beneficial emergent properties that are not displayed by planktonic cells, conferring protection against physical and chemical stresses, including antibiotic treatment. However, a lack of multi-scale information at the molecular level has prevented a better understanding of this matrix and its properties. Here, we review recent progress on the molecular characterisation of filamentous biofilm matrix components and their three-dimensional spatial organisation within biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Böhning
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, U.K
| | - Abul K. Tarafder
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, U.K
| | - Tanmay A.M. Bharat
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, U.K
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5
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Eilers K, Hoong Yam JK, Liu X, Goh YF, To KN, Paracuellos P, Morton R, Brizuela J, Hui Yong AM, Givskov M, Freibert SA, Bange G, Rice SA, Steinchen W, Filloux A. The dual GGDEF/EAL domain enzyme PA0285 is a Pseudomonas species housekeeping phosphodiesterase regulating early attachment and biofilm architecture. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105659. [PMID: 38237678 PMCID: PMC10874727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lifestyles depend on conditions encountered during colonization. The transition between planktonic and biofilm growth is dependent on the intracellular second messenger c-di-GMP. High c-di-GMP levels driven by diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) activity favor biofilm formation, while low levels were maintained by phosphodiesterases (PDE) encourage planktonic lifestyle. The activity of these enzymes can be modulated by stimuli-sensing domains such as Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS). In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, more than 40 PDE/DGC are involved in c-di-GMP homeostasis, including 16 dual proteins possessing both canonical DGC and PDE motifs, that is, GGDEF and EAL, respectively. It was reported that deletion of the EAL/GGDEF dual enzyme PA0285, one of five c-di-GMP-related enzymes conserved across all Pseudomonas species, impacts biofilms. PA0285 is anchored in the membrane and carries two PAS domains. Here, we confirm that its role is conserved in various P. aeruginosa strains and in Pseudomonas putida. Deletion of PA0285 impacts the early stage of colonization, and RNA-seq analysis suggests that expression of cupA fimbrial genes is involved. We demonstrate that the C-terminal portion of PA0285 encompassing the GGDEF and EAL domains binds GTP and c-di-GMP, respectively, but only exhibits PDE activity in vitro. However, both GGDEF and EAL domains are important for PA0285 PDE activity in vivo. Complementation of the PA0285 mutant strain with a copy of the gene encoding the C-terminal GGDEF/EAL portion in trans was not as effective as complementation with the full-length gene. This suggests the N-terminal transmembrane and PAS domains influence the PDE activity in vivo, through modulating the protein conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Eilers
- CBRB Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joey Kuok Hoong Yam
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Xianghui Liu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yu Fen Goh
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ka-Ning To
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Patricia Paracuellos
- CBRB Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Morton
- CBRB Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaime Brizuela
- CBRB Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adeline Mei Hui Yong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Michael Givskov
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sven-Andreas Freibert
- Philipps University Marburg, Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Marburg, Germany
| | - Gert Bange
- Philipps University Marburg, Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Marburg, Germany
| | - Scott A Rice
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Microbiomes for One Systems Health and Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wieland Steinchen
- Philipps University Marburg, Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Marburg, Germany.
| | - Alain Filloux
- CBRB Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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6
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Weawsiangsang S, Rattanachak N, Ross S, Ross GM, Baldock RA, Jongjitvimol T, Jongjitwimol J. Hydroquinine Enhances the Efficacy of Contact Lens Solutions for Inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Adhesion and Biofilm Formation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:56. [PMID: 38247615 PMCID: PMC10812619 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
P. aeruginosa is one of the most common bacteria causing contact lens-related microbial keratitis (CLMK). Previous studies report that disinfecting solutions were ineffective in preventing biofilm formation. Solutions containing novel natural agents may be an excellent alternative for reducing the risk of CLMK. Here, we investigate the disinfecting properties of hydroquinine in combination with multipurpose solutions (MPSs) to prevent P. aeruginosa adhesion and biofilm formation. We examined the antibacterial, anti-adhesion, and anti-biofilm properties of hydroquinine-formulated MPSs compared to MPSs alone. Using RT-qPCR, hydroquinine directly affected the expression levels of adhesion-related genes, namely, cgrC, cheY, cheZ, fimU, and pilV, resulting in reduced adhesion and anti-biofilm formation. Using ISO 14729 stand-alone testing, hydroquinine met the criteria (>99.9% killing at disinfection time) against both P. aeruginosa reference and clinical strains. Using the crystal violet retention assay and FE-SEM, MPSs combined with hydroquinine were effective in inhibiting P. aeruginosa adhesion and destroying preexisting biofilms. This report is the first to highlight the potential utility of hydroquinine-containing formulations as a disinfecting solution for contact lenses, specifically for inhibiting adhesion and destroying biofilm. These findings may aid in the development of novel disinfectants aimed at combating P. aeruginosa, thereby potentially reducing the incidence of CLMK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattaporn Weawsiangsang
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Nontaporn Rattanachak
- Biology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (N.R.); (T.J.)
| | - Sukunya Ross
- Biopolymer Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (S.R.); (G.M.R.)
- Centre of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Gareth M. Ross
- Biopolymer Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (S.R.); (G.M.R.)
- Centre of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Robert A. Baldock
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK;
| | - Touchkanin Jongjitvimol
- Biology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (N.R.); (T.J.)
| | - Jirapas Jongjitwimol
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
- Centre of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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7
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Sultan M, Arya R, Chaurasia AK, Kim KK. Sensor histidine kinases kdpD and aauS regulate biofilm and virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1270667. [PMID: 37881370 PMCID: PMC10595159 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1270667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant opportunistic human pathogen that utilizes two-component systems (TCSs) to sense pathophysiological signals and coordinate virulence. P. aeruginosa contains 64 sensor histidine kinases (HKs) and 72 response regulators (RRs) that play important roles in metabolism, bacterial physiology, and virulence. However, the role of some TCSs in virulence remains uncharacterized. In this study, we evaluated the virulence potential of some uncharacterized sensor HK and RR knockouts in P. aeruginosa using a Galleria mellonella infection model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that KdpD and AauS HKs regulate virulence by affecting P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and motility. Both ΔkdpD and ΔaauS showed reduced biofilm and motility which were confirmed by restored phenotypes upon complementation. Moreover, ΔkdpD and ΔaauS exhibited increased survival of HeLa cells and G. mellonella during in vivo infection. Altered expression of the transcriptional regulators anR and lasR, along with the virulence genes lasA, pelA, cupA, pqsA, pqsB, pqsC, and pqsD in the mutant strains elucidated the mechanism by which ΔkdpD and ΔaauS affect virulence. These findings confirm that kdpD and aauS play important roles in P. aeruginosa pathogenesis by regulating biofilm formation and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sultan
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rekha Arya
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Ghosh M, Raghav S, Ghosh P, Maity S, Mohela K, Jain D. Structural analysis of novel drug targets for mitigation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad054. [PMID: 37771093 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen responsible for acute and chronic, hard to treat infections. Persistence of P. aeruginosa is due to its ability to develop into biofilms, which are sessile bacterial communities adhered to substratum and encapsulated in layers of self-produced exopolysaccharides. These biofilms provide enhanced protection from the host immune system and resilience towards antibiotics, which poses a challenge for treatment. Various strategies have been expended for combating biofilms, which involve inhibiting biofilm formation or promoting their dispersal. The current remediation approaches offer some hope for clinical usage, however, treatment and eradication of preformed biofilms is still a challenge. Thus, identifying novel targets and understanding the detailed mechanism of biofilm regulation becomes imperative. Structure-based drug discovery (SBDD) provides a powerful tool that exploits the knowledge of atomic resolution details of the targets to search for high affinity ligands. This review describes the available structural information on the putative target protein structures that can be utilized for high throughput in silico drug discovery against P. aeruginosa biofilms. Integrating available structural information on the target proteins in readily accessible format will accelerate the process of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Ghosh
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
| | - Shikha Raghav
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
| | - Swagatam Maity
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
| | - Kavery Mohela
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
| | - Deepti Jain
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
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Simsek AN, Koch MD, Sanfilippo JE, Gitai Z, Gompper G, Sabass B. Type-IV pili tune an adhesion-migration trade-off during surface colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.538458. [PMID: 37215001 PMCID: PMC10197611 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.538458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogenicity relies on both firm surface adhesion and cell dissemination. How twitching bacteria resolve the fundamental contradiction between adhesion and migration is unknown. To address this question, we employ live-cell imaging of type-IV pili (T4P) and therewith construct a comprehensive mathematical model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa migration. The data show that only 10% to 50% of T4P bind to substrates and contribute to migration through random extension and retraction. Individual T4P do not display a measurable sensory response to surfaces, but their number increases on cellular surface contact. Attachment to surfaces is mediated, besides T4P, by passive adhesive forces acting on the cell body. Passive adhesions slow down cell migration and result in local random motion on short time scales, which is followed by directionally persistent, superdiffusive motion on longer time scales. Moreover, passive adhesions strongly enhance surface attachment under shear flow. Δ pilA mutants, which produce no T4P, robustly stick to surfaces under shear flow. In contrast, rapidly migrating Δ pilH cells, which produce an excessive number of T4P, are easily detached by shear. Wild-type cells sacrifice migration speed for robust surface attachment by maintaining a low number of active pili. The different cell strains pertain to disjunct regimes in a generic adhesion-migration trait space. Depending on the nature of the adhesion structures, adhesion and migration are either compatible or a trade-off is required for efficient bacterial surface colonization under different conditions.
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Böhning J, Dobbelstein AW, Sulkowski N, Eilers K, von Kügelgen A, Tarafder AK, Peak-Chew SY, Skehel M, Alva V, Filloux A, Bharat TAM. Architecture of the biofilm-associated archaic Chaperone-Usher pilus CupE from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011177. [PMID: 37058467 PMCID: PMC10104325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-Usher Pathway (CUP) pili are major adhesins in Gram-negative bacteria, mediating bacterial adherence to biotic and abiotic surfaces. While classical CUP pili have been extensively characterized, little is known about so-called archaic CUP pili, which are phylogenetically widespread and promote biofilm formation by several human pathogens. In this study, we present the electron cryomicroscopy structure of the archaic CupE pilus from the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We show that CupE1 subunits within the pilus are arranged in a zigzag architecture, containing an N-terminal donor β-strand extending from each subunit into the next, where it is anchored by hydrophobic interactions, with comparatively weaker interactions at the rest of the inter-subunit interface. Imaging CupE pili on the surface of P. aeruginosa cells using electron cryotomography shows that CupE pili adopt variable curvatures in response to their environment, which might facilitate their role in promoting cellular attachment. Finally, bioinformatic analysis shows the widespread abundance of cupE genes in isolates of P. aeruginosa and the co-occurrence of cupE with other cup clusters, suggesting interdependence of cup pili in regulating bacterial adherence within biofilms. Taken together, our study provides insights into the architecture of archaic CUP pili, providing a structural basis for understanding their role in promoting cellular adhesion and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Böhning
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian W. Dobbelstein
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Sulkowski
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kira Eilers
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andriko von Kügelgen
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Abul K. Tarafder
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sew-Yeu Peak-Chew
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Skehel
- Proteomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vikram Alva
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alain Filloux
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanmay A. M. Bharat
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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11
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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Its Ability to Form Biofilms. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last ten years, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has gained increasing interest as an important agent of infection, which is why it has come to be recognized as a serious cause of nosocomial infections related to bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and cancer, mainly in patients with intensive care, and is associated with high mortality rates in immunocompromised patients, with prolonged hospital stays and extensive use of antimicrobials. The importance of this microorganism lies in its low pathogenicity, high multiresistance to various antibiotics, and frequent and persistent isolation in predisposed patients. In addition, few studies have evaluated its epidemiology and clinical relevance. The pathogenesis of biofilms lies mainly in the fact that they can generate persistent chronic infections that are difficult to eradicate. To this extent, it is important to make the characteristics of the biofilm formation behavior of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia known and generate more knowledge about its colonization or infection in humans through this review, which discusses more recent information.
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12
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Long X, Wang X, Mao D, Wu W, Luo Y. A Novel XRE-Type Regulator Mediates Phage Lytic Development and Multiple Host Metabolic Processes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0351122. [PMID: 36445133 PMCID: PMC9769523 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03511-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, the leading cause of acute and chronic infections in immunocompromised patients, frequently with high morbidity and mortality rates. The xenobiotic response element (XRE) family proteins are the second most common transcriptional regulators (TRs) in P. aeruginosa. However, only a few XRE-like TRs have been reported to regulate multiple bacterial cellular processes, encompassing virulence, metabolism, antibiotic synthesis or resistance, stress responses, and phage infection, etc. Our understanding of what roles these XRE-like small regulatory proteins play in P. aeruginosa remains limited. Here, we aimed to decipher the role of a putative XRE-type transcriptional regulator (designated LfsT) from a prophage region on the chromosome of a clinical P. aeruginosa isolate, P8W. Southern blot and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays demonstrated that LfsT controlled host sensitivity to the phage PP9W2 and was essential for efficient phage replication. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and transcriptional lacZ fusion analyses indicated that LfsT repressed the lysogenic development and promoted the lytic cycle of phage PP9W2 by binding to the promoter regions of the gp71 gene (encoding a CI-like repressor) and several vital phage genes. Combined with RNA-seq and a series of phenotypic validation tests, our results showed that LfsT bound to the flexible palindromic sites within the promoters upstream of several genes in the bacterial genome, regulating fatty acid (FA) metabolism, spermidine (SPD) transport, as well as the type III secretion system (T3SS). Overall, this study reveals novel regulatory roles of LfsT in P. aeruginosa, improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind bacterium-phage interactions. IMPORTANCE This work elucidates the novel roles of a putative XRE family TR, LfsT, in the intricate regulatory systems of P. aeruginosa. We found that LfsT bound directly to the core promoter regions upstream of the start codons of numerous genes involved in various processes, including phage infection, FA metabolism, SPD transport, and the T3SS, regulating as the repressor or activator. The identified partial palindromic motif NAACN(5,8)GTTN recognized by LfsT suggests extensive effects of LfsT on gene expression by maintaining preferential binding to nucleotide sites under evolutionary pressure. In summary, these findings indicate that LfsT enhances metabolic activity in P. aeruginosa, while it reduces host resistance to the phage. This study helps us better understand the coevolution of bacteria and phages (e.g., survival comes at a cost) and provides clues for designing novel antimicrobials against P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Long
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Lichtenberg M, Kragh KN, Fritz B, Kirkegaard JB, Tolker-Nielsen T, Bjarnsholt T. Cyclic-di-GMP signaling controls metabolic activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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14
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Holban AM, Gregoire CM, Gestal MC. Conquering the host: Bordetella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa molecular regulators in lung infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:983149. [PMID: 36225372 PMCID: PMC9549215 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.983149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
When bacteria sense cues from the host environment, stress responses are activated. Two component systems, sigma factors, small RNAs, ppGpp stringent response, and chaperones start coordinate the expression of virulence factors or immunomodulators to allow bacteria to respond. Although, some of these are well studied, such as the two-component systems, the contribution of other regulators, such as sigma factors or ppGpp, is increasingly gaining attention. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the gold standard pathogen for studying the molecular mechanisms to sense and respond to environmental cues. Bordetella spp., on the other hand, is a microbial model for studying host-pathogen interactions at the molecular level. These two pathogens have the ability to colonize the lungs of patients with chronic diseases, suggesting that they have the potential to share a niche and interact. However, the molecular networks that facilitate adaptation of Bordetella spp. to cues are unclear. Here, we offer a side-by-side comparison of what is known about these diverse molecular mechanisms that bacteria utilize to counteract host immune responses, while highlighting the relatively unexplored interactions between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina M. Holban
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Courtney M. Gregoire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Monica C. Gestal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Monica C. Gestal, ;
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de Sousa LP, Cipriano MAP, da Silva MJ, Patrício FRA, Freitas SDS, Carazzolle MF, Mondego JMC. Functional genomics analysis of a phyllospheric Pseudomonas spp with potential for biological control against coffee rust. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:222. [PMID: 36131235 PMCID: PMC9494895 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas spp. promotes plant growth and colonizes a wide range of environments. During the annotation of a Coffea arabica ESTs database, we detected a considerable number of contaminant Pseudomonas sequences, specially associated with leaves. The genome of a Pseudomonas isolated from coffee leaves was sequenced to investigate in silico information that could offer insights about bacterial adaptation to coffee phyllosphere. In parallel, several experiments were performed to confirm certain physiological characteristics that could be associated with phyllospheric behavior. Finally, in vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out to verify whether this isolate could serve as a biocontrol agent against coffee rust and how the isolate could act against the infection. Results The isolate showed several genes that are associated with resistance to environmental stresses, such as genes encoding heat/cold shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes, carbon starvation proteins, proteins that control osmotic balance and biofilm formation. There was an increase of exopolysaccharides synthesis in response to osmotic stress, which may protect cells from dessication on phyllosphere. Metabolic pathways for degradation and incorporation into citrate cycle of phenolic compounds present in coffee were found, and experimentally confirmed. In addition, MN1F was found to be highly tolerant to caffeine. The experiments of biocontrol against coffee leaf rust showed that the isolate can control the progress of the disease, most likely through competition for resources. Conclusion Genomic analysis and experimental data suggest that there are adaptations of this Pseudomonas to live in association with coffee leaves and to act as a biocontrol agent.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02637-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Pio de Sousa
- Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, IAC, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Genética E Biologia Molecular, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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16
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Liu Y, Gao J, Wang N, Li X, Fang N, Zhuang X. Diffusible signal factor enhances the saline-alkaline resistance and rhizosphere colonization of Stenotrophomonas rhizophila by coordinating optimal metabolism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155403. [PMID: 35469877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) regulates various physiological processes in a cell density-dependent mode via cell-cell communication. Stenotrophomonas rhizophila DSM14405T having the diffusible signal factor (DSF)-QS system, is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that enables host plants to tolerate saline-alkaline stress. However, the regulatory mechanism of DSF-QS in S. rhizophila is not fully understood. In this study, we used S. rhizophila DSM14405T wild-type (WT) and an incompetent DSF production rpfF-knockout mutant to explore the regulatory role of QS in S. rhizophila growth, stress responses, biofilm formation, and colonization under saline-alkaline stress. We found that a lack of DSF-QS reduces the tolerance of S. rhizosphere ΔrpfF to saline-alkaline stress, with a nearly 25-fold reduction in the ΔrpfF population compared with WT at 24 h under stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed that QS helps S. rhizophila WT respond to saline-alkaline stress by enhancing metabolism associated with the cell wall and membrane, oxidative stress response, cell adhesion, secretion systems, efflux pumps, and TonB systems. These metabolic systems enhance penetration defense, Na+ efflux, iron uptake, and reactive oxygen species scavenging. Additionally, the absence of DSF-QS causes overexpression of biofilm-associated genes under the regulation of sigma 54 and other transcriptional regulators. However, greater biofilm formation capacity confers no advantage on S. rhizosphere ΔrpfF in rhizosphere colonization. Altogether, our results show the importance of QS in PGPR growth and colonization; QS gives PGPR a collective adaptive advantage in harsh natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environment Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Life Sciences, Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jie Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environment Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environment Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianglong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environment Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environment Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environment Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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17
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Fu D, Shao Y, Li J, Wu J, Wu X, Song X, Tu J, Qi K. LuxR family transcriptional repressor YjjQ modulates the biofilm formation and motility of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:10-19. [PMID: 35901637 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can cause the acute and sudden death of poultry, which leads to serious economic losses in the poultry industry. Biofilm formation contributes to the persistence of bacterial infection, drug resistance, and resistance to diverse environmental stress. Many transcription regulators in APEC play an essential role in the formation of biofilm and could provide further insights into APEC pathogenesis. YjjQ has an important role in the pathogenicity of bacteria by regulating the expression of virulence factors, such as flagellar and iron uptake. However, YjjQ regulates other virulence factors, and their role in the overall regulatory network is unclear. Here, we further evaluate the function of YjjQ on APEC biofilm formation and motility. In this study, we successfully constructed mutant (AE27∆yjjQ) and complement (AE27ΔyjjQ-comp) strains of the wild-type strain AE27. Inactivation of the yjjQ gene significantly increased biofilm-forming ability in APEC. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the biofilm formation of the AE27 was single-layered and flat, whereas that of the AE27∆yjjQ had a porous three-dimensional structure. Moreover, the deletion of the yjjQ gene inhibited the motility of APEC. RNA-sequencing was used to further investigate the regulatory mechanism of YjjQ in APEC. The results indicate that YjjQ regulates biofilm formation and flagellar genes in AE27∆yjjQ. RT-qPCR shows that YjjQ affects the transcriptional levels of genes, including flagella genes (flhD, flhC and flgE), and biofilm formation genes (pstA, uhpC, nikD, and ygcS). These results confirm that the transcription regulator YjjQ is involved in APEC biofilm formation and motility, and provide new evidence for the prevention and control of APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Fu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Ying Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Jianmei Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Jian Tu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Kezong Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China.
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18
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Eilers K, Kuok Hoong Yam J, Morton R, Mei Hui Yong A, Brizuela J, Hadjicharalambous C, Liu X, Givskov M, Rice SA, Filloux A. Phenotypic and integrated analysis of a comprehensive Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 library of mutants lacking cyclic-di-GMP-related genes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:949597. [PMID: 35935233 PMCID: PMC9355167 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.949597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium that is able to survive and adapt in a multitude of niches as well as thrive within many different hosts. This versatility lies within its large genome of ca. 6 Mbp and a tight control in the expression of thousands of genes. Among the regulatory mechanisms widespread in bacteria, cyclic-di-GMP signaling is one which influences all levels of control. c-di-GMP is made by diguanylate cyclases and degraded by phosphodiesterases, while the intracellular level of this molecule drives phenotypic responses. Signaling involves the modification of enzymes' or proteins' function upon c-di-GMP binding, including modifying the activity of regulators which in turn will impact the transcriptome. In P. aeruginosa, there are ca. 40 genes encoding putative DGCs or PDEs. The combined activity of those enzymes should reflect the overall c-di-GMP concentration, while specific phenotypic outputs could be correlated to a given set of dgc/pde. This notion of specificity has been addressed in several studies and different strains of P. aeruginosa. Here, we engineered a mutant library for the 41 individual dgc/pde genes in P. aeruginosa PAO1. In most cases, we observed a significant to slight variation in the global c-di-GMP pool of cells grown planktonically, while several mutants display a phenotypic impact on biofilm including initial attachment and maturation. If this observation of minor changes in c-di-GMP level correlating with significant phenotypic impact appears to be true, it further supports the idea of a local vs global c-di-GMP pool. In contrast, there was little to no effect on motility, which differs from previous studies. Our RNA-seq analysis indicated that all PAO1 dgc/pde genes were expressed in both planktonic and biofilm growth conditions and our work suggests that c-di-GMP networks need to be reconstructed for each strain separately and cannot be extrapolated from one to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Eilers
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joey Kuok Hoong Yam
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard Morton
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adeline Mei Hui Yong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jaime Brizuela
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Universitair Medische Centra, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Corina Hadjicharalambous
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xianghui Liu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Givskov
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Scott A. Rice
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Westmead and Microbiomes for One Systems Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alain Filloux
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Visnapuu A, Van der Gucht M, Wagemans J, Lavigne R. Deconstructing the Phage-Bacterial Biofilm Interaction as a Basis to Establish New Antibiofilm Strategies. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051057. [PMID: 35632801 PMCID: PMC9145820 DOI: 10.3390/v14051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial biofilm constitutes a complex environment that endows the bacterial community within with an ability to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. Considering the interaction with bacterial viruses, these biofilms contain intrinsic defense mechanisms that protect against phage predation; these mechanisms are driven by physical, structural, and metabolic properties or governed by environment-induced mutations and bacterial diversity. In this regard, horizontal gene transfer can also be a driver of biofilm diversity and some (pro)phages can function as temporary allies in biofilm development. Conversely, as bacterial predators, phages have developed counter mechanisms to overcome the biofilm barrier. We highlight how these natural systems have previously inspired new antibiofilm design strategies, e.g., by utilizing exopolysaccharide degrading enzymes and peptidoglycan hydrolases. Next, we propose new potential approaches including phage-encoded DNases to target extracellular DNA, as well as phage-mediated inhibitors of cellular communication; these examples illustrate the relevance and importance of research aiming to elucidate novel antibiofilm mechanisms contained within the vast set of unknown ORFs from phages.
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20
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Wang X, Zhang X, Lu BH, Gao J. The periplasmic chaperone protein Psg_2795 contributes to the virulence of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea: the causal agent of bacterial blight of soybean. J Microbiol 2022; 60:478-487. [PMID: 35246805 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea (Psg also named P. syringae pv. glycinea and P. amygdali pv. glycinea) is the causative agent of bacterial blight in soybean. The identification of virulence factors is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of Psg. In this study, a mini-Tn5 transposon mutant library of Psg strain PsgNC12 was screened on soybean, and one low-virulent mini-Tn5 mutant, designated as 4573, was identified. Sequence analysis of the 4573-mutant revealed that the mini-Tn5 transposon was inserted in the Psg_2795 gene. Psg_2795 encodes a FimC-domain protein that is highly conserved in Pseudomonas. Further analysis revealed that the mutation and knockout of Psg_2795 results in a reduced virulence phenotype on soybean, decreased motility, weakened bacterial attachment to a glass surface and delayed the population growth within soybean leaves. The phenotype of the 4573-mutant could be complemented nearly to wild-type levels using an intact Psg_2795 gene. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Psg_2795 plays an important role in the virulence, motility, attachment and the population growth of PsgNC12 in soybean. This finding provides a new insight into the function of periplasmic chaperone proteins in a type I pilus and provides reference information for identifying Psg_2795 homologues in P. savastanoi and other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Hui Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
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21
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Veetilvalappil VV, Manuel A, Aranjani JM, Tawale R, Koteshwara A. Pathogenic arsenal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an update on virulence factors. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:465-481. [PMID: 35289684 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a potential threat in persistent infections can be attributed to the plethora of virulence factors expressed by it. This review discusses the various virulence factors that help this pathogen to establish an infection and regulatory systems controlling these virulence factors. Cell-associated virulence factors such as flagella, type IV pili and non-pilus adhesins have been reviewed. Extracellular virulence factors have also been explained. Quorum-sensing systems present in P. aeruginosa play a cardinal role in regulating the expression of virulence factors. The identification of novel virulence factors in hypervirulent strains indicate that the expression of virulence is dynamic and constantly evolving. An understanding of this is critical for the better clinical management of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal V Veetilvalappil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Atulya Manuel
- Central Frozen Semen Production and Training Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560088, India
| | - Jesil M Aranjani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Roshan Tawale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Ananthamurthy Koteshwara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
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22
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Deshamukhya C, Saikia R, Das BJ, Paul D, (Chanda) DD, Bhattacharjee A. Expression of cupA gene cluster responsible for biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is enhanced against subinhibitory concentration of carbapenems. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Transcriptional Profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1386:303-323. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Vendeville JB, Kyriakides MJ, Takebayashi Y, Rama S, Preece J, Samphire J, Ramos-Soriano J, Amieva AM, Holbrow-Wilshaw ME, Gordon Newman HR, Kou SL, Medina-Villar S, Dorh N, Dorh JN, Spencer J, Galan MC. Fast Identification and Quantification of Uropathogenic E. coli through Cluster Analysis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:242-252. [PMID: 34894660 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnostic tools to detect, identify, and enumerate bacteria are key to maintaining effective antibiotic stewardship and avoiding the unnecessary prescription of broad-spectrum agents. In this study, a 15 min agglutination assay is developed that relies on the use of mannose-functionalized polymeric microspheres in combination with cluster analysis. This allows for the identification and enumeration of laboratory (BW25113), clinical isolate (NCTC 12241), and uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains (NCTC 9001, NCTC 13958, J96, and CFT073) at clinically relevant concentrations in tryptic soy broth (103-108 CFU/mL) and in urine (105-108 CFU/mL). This fast, simple, and efficient assay offers a step forward toward efficient point-of-care diagnostics for common urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuiko Takebayashi
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, BS8 1TD Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvain Rama
- FluoretiQ, Unit DX, St Philips Central, Albert Road, BS2 0XJ Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - James Preece
- FluoretiQ, Unit DX, St Philips Central, Albert Road, BS2 0XJ Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Samphire
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock''s Close, BS8 1TS Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Ramos-Soriano
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock''s Close, BS8 1TS Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Sio Lou Kou
- FluoretiQ, Unit DX, St Philips Central, Albert Road, BS2 0XJ Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Medina-Villar
- FluoretiQ, Unit DX, St Philips Central, Albert Road, BS2 0XJ Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Neciah Dorh
- FluoretiQ, Unit DX, St Philips Central, Albert Road, BS2 0XJ Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Ndoa Dorh
- FluoretiQ, Unit DX, St Philips Central, Albert Road, BS2 0XJ Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - James Spencer
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, BS8 1TD Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock''s Close, BS8 1TS Bristol, United Kingdom
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25
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Dolatshah L, Tabatabaei M. A phenotypic and molecular investigation of biofilm formation in clinical samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 10:157-163. [PMID: 35097137 PMCID: PMC8798273 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2021.41708.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is identified as a versatile opportunistic microorganism with metabolic diversity contributing to a wide range of health burdens, especially in immunocompromised patients. This bacterium is the cause of 10 to 20% of nosocomial infections. In this study, we evaluated the phenotypic characterizations of biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates using micro-titer plate assay. Indeed, we estimated the prevalence of QS (rhlI, rhlR, rhlAB, lasB, lasI, lasR, aprA) and virulence genes (pslA and cupA) by PCR. The results showed that among 69% of the isolates forming biofilm, 9% were strong biofilm producers, whereas 13% and 47% of isolates produced moderate and low amounts of biofilm, respectively. All isolates possessed cupA and seven QS genes (rhlI, rhlR, rhlAB, lasB, lasI, lasR, aprA), while 92% of the isolates possessed the pslA gene. Identification of these genes and their association with biofilm formation can be advantageous in adopting therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Tel: +98 71 36138696; Fax: +98 71 32286940, E. mail: AND
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26
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Brinkman FSL, Winsor GL, Done RE, Filloux A, Francis VI, Goldberg JB, Greenberg EP, Han K, Hancock REW, Haney CH, Häußler S, Klockgether J, Lamont IL, Levesque RC, Lory S, Nikel PI, Porter SL, Scurlock MW, Schweizer HP, Tümmler B, Wang M, Welch M. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa whole genome sequence: A 20th anniversary celebration. Adv Microb Physiol 2021; 79:25-88. [PMID: 34836612 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Toward the end of August 2000, the 6.3 Mbp whole genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 was published. With 5570 open reading frames (ORFs), PAO1 had the largest microbial genome sequenced up to that point in time-including a large proportion of metabolic, transport and antimicrobial resistance genes supporting its ability to colonize diverse environments. A remarkable 9% of its ORFs were predicted to encode proteins with regulatory functions, providing new insight into bacterial network complexity as a function of network size. In this celebratory article, we fast forward 20 years, and examine how access to this resource has transformed our understanding of P. aeruginosa. What follows is more than a simple review or commentary; we have specifically asked some of the leaders in the field to provide personal reflections on how the PAO1 genome sequence, along with the Pseudomonas Community Annotation Project (PseudoCAP) and Pseudomonas Genome Database (pseudomonas.com), have contributed to the many exciting discoveries in this field. In addition to bringing us all up to date with the latest developments, we also ask our contributors to speculate on how the next 20 years of Pseudomonas research might pan out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona S L Brinkman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Geoffrey L Winsor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel E Done
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alain Filloux
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa I Francis
- Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna B Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - E Peter Greenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kook Han
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Cara H Haney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Susanne Häußler
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Klockgether
- Klinik für Pädiatrische Pneumologie, Allergologie und Neonatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Iain L Lamont
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Roger C Levesque
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes (IBIS), Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, Faculté of Médicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen Lory
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Steven L Porter
- Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Herbert P Schweizer
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Klinik für Pädiatrische Pneumologie, Allergologie und Neonatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry (Hopkins Building), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Welch
- Department of Biochemistry (Hopkins Building), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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27
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Sultan M, Arya R, Kim KK. Roles of Two-Component Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12152. [PMID: 34830033 PMCID: PMC8623646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that synthesizes and secretes a wide range of virulence factors. P. aeruginosa poses a potential threat to human health worldwide due to its omnipresent nature, robust host accumulation, high virulence, and significant resistance to multiple antibiotics. The pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa, which is associated with acute and chronic infections, is linked with multiple virulence factors and associated secretion systems, such as the ability to form and utilize a biofilm, pili, flagella, alginate, pyocyanin, proteases, and toxins. Two-component systems (TCSs) of P. aeruginosa perform an essential role in controlling virulence factors in response to internal and external stimuli. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of TCSs to perceive and respond to signals from the environment and control the production of virulence factors during infection is essential to understanding the diseases caused by P. aeruginosa infection and further develop new antibiotics to treat this pathogen. This review discusses the important virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and the understanding of their regulation through TCSs by focusing on biofilm, motility, pyocyanin, and cytotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rekha Arya
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea;
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28
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Contributions of Escherichia coli and Its Motility to the Formation of Dual-Species Biofilms with Vibrio cholerae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0093821. [PMID: 34260307 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00938-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is important in both the environmental and intestinal phases of the Vibrio cholerae life cycle. Nevertheless, most studies of V. cholerae biofilm formation focus on monospecies cultures, whereas nearly all biofilm communities found in nature consist of a variety of microorganisms. Multispecies biofilms formed between V. cholerae and other bacteria in the environment and the interactions that exist between these species are still poorly understood. In this study, the influence of Escherichia coli on the biofilm formation of V. cholerae was studied in the context of both in vitro coculture and in vivo coinfection. To understand the underlying synergistic mechanisms between these two species and to investigate the role of E. coli in V. cholerae biofilm formation, different pathotypes of E. coli and corresponding deletion mutants lacking genes that influence flagellar motility, curli fibers, or type I pili were cocultured with V. cholerae. Our findings demonstrate that the presence of commensal E. coli increases biofilm formation at the air-liquid interface in vitro and the generation of biofilm-like multicellular clumps in mouse feces. Examination of laboratory E. coli flagellar-motility ΔfliC and ΔmotA mutants in dual-species biofilm formation suggests that flagellar motility plays an important role in the synergistic interaction and coaggregation formation between V. cholerae and E. coli. This study facilitates a better understanding of how V. cholerae resides in harsh environments and colonizes the intestine. IMPORTANCE Biofilms play an important role in the V. cholerae life cycle. Until now, only monospecies biofilm formation of V. cholerae has been well studied. However, in nature, bacteria live in complex microbial communities, where biofilm is mostly composed of multiple microbial species that interact to cooperate with or compete against each other. Uncovering how V. cholerae forms multispecies biofilms is critical for furthering our understanding of how V. cholerae survives in the environment and transitions to infecting the human host. In this work, the dual-species biofilm containing V. cholerae and Escherichia coli was investigated. We demonstrate that the presence of commensal E. coli increased overall biofilm formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the motility of E. coli flagella is important for V. cholerae and E. coli to form coaggregation clumps in a dual-species biofilm. These results shed light on a new mechanism for understanding the survival and pathogenesis of V. cholerae.
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OsaR (PA0056) functions as a repressor of the gene fleQ encoding an important motility regulator in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0014521. [PMID: 34339300 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00145-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FleQ plays a crucial role in motility and biofilm formation by regulating flagellar and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has been reported that the expression of FleQ is transcriptionally downregulated by the virulence factor regulator Vfr. Herein we demonstrated that a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, OsaR, is also capable of binding to the promoter region of fleQ and repressing its transcription. Through gel shift and DNase I footprinting assays, the OsaR binding site was identified and characterized as a dual LysR-type transcriptional regulator box (AT-N11-AT-N7-A-N11-T). Mutation of the A-T palindromic base pairs in fleQ promoter not only reduced the binding affinity of OsaR in vitro, but also de-repressed fleQ transcription in vivo. The OsaR binding site was found to cover the Vfr binding site; knockout of osaR or vfr separately exhibited no effect on the transcriptional level of fleQ; however, fleQ expression was repressed by overexpression of osaR or vfr. Furthermore, simultaneously deleting both osaR and vfr resulted in an upregulation of fleQ, but it could be complemented by the expression of either of the two repressors. In summary, our work revealed that OsaR and Vfr function as two transcriptional repressors of fleQ that bind to the same region of fleQ but work separately. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widespread human pathogen, which accounts for serious infections in the hospital, especially for lung infection in cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. P. aeruginosa infection is closely associated with its motility and biofilm formation, which are both under the regulation of the important transcription factor FleQ. However, the upstream regulatory mechanisms of fleQ have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, our research identifying a novel regulator of fleQ as well as new regulatory mechanisms controlling its expression will be significant for better understanding the intricate gene regulatory mechanisms related to P. aeruginosa virulence and infection.
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Pompilio A, Scribano D, Sarshar M, Di Bonaventura G, Palamara AT, Ambrosi C. Gram-Negative Bacteria Holding Together in a Biofilm: The Acinetobacter baumannii Way. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071353. [PMID: 34206680 PMCID: PMC8304980 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a serious public-health problem worldwide. In recent years, the rates of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria associated with biofilm-forming activity have increased worrisomely, particularly among healthcare-associated pathogens. Acinetobacter baumannii is a critically opportunistic pathogen, due to the high rates of antibiotic resistant strains causing healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs). The clinical isolates of A. baumannii can form biofilms on both biotic and abiotic surfaces; hospital settings and medical devices are the ideal environments for A. baumannii biofilms, thereby representing the main source of patient infections. However, the paucity of therapeutic options poses major concerns for human health infections caused by A. baumannii strains. The increasing number of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii biofilm-forming isolates in association with the limited number of biofilm-eradicating treatments intensify the need for effective antibiofilm approaches. This review discusses the mechanisms used by this opportunistic pathogen to form biofilms, describes their clinical impact, and summarizes the current and emerging treatment options available, both to prevent their formation and to disrupt preformed A. baumannii biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Service of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Dani Di Giò Foundation-Onlus, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Service of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, IRCCS, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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31
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Sahoo A, Swain SS, Behera A, Sahoo G, Mahapatra PK, Panda SK. Antimicrobial Peptides Derived From Insects Offer a Novel Therapeutic Option to Combat Biofilm: A Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:661195. [PMID: 34248873 PMCID: PMC8265172 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.661195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms form a complex layer with defined structures, that attach on biotic or abiotic surfaces, are tough to eradicate and tend to cause some resistance against most antibiotics. Several studies confirmed that biofilm-producing bacteria exhibit higher resistance compared to the planktonic form of the same species. Antibiotic resistance factors are well understood in planktonic bacteria which is not so in case of biofilm producing forms. This may be due to the lack of available drugs with known resistance mechanisms for biofilms. Existing antibiotics cannot eradicate most biofilms, especially of ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species). Insects produce complex and diverse set of chemicals for survival and defense. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), produced by most insects, generally have a broad spectrum of activity and the potential to bypass the resistance mechanisms of classical antibiotics. Besides, AMPs may well act synergistically with classical antibiotics for a double-pronged attack on infections. Thus, AMPs could be promising alternatives to overcome medically important biofilms, decrease the possibility of acquired resistance and treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens including ESKAPE. The present review focuses on insect-derived AMPs with special reference to anti-biofilm-based strategies. It covers the AMP composition, pathways and mechanisms of action, the formation of biofilms, impact of biofilms on human diseases, current strategies as well as therapeutic options to combat biofilm with antimicrobial peptides from insects. In addition, the review also illustrates the importance of bioinformatics tools and molecular docking studies to boost the importance of select bioactive peptides those can be developed as drugs, as well as suggestions for further basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaka Sahoo
- Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences, SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shasank Sekhar Swain
- Division of Microbiology & NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ayusman Behera
- Department of Zoology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, India
| | - Gunanidhi Sahoo
- Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Sujogya Kumar Panda
- Centre of Environment, Climate Change and Public Health, RUSA 2.0, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, India
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32
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Grosjean M, Guénard S, Giraud C, Muller C, Plésiat P, Juarez P. Targeted Genome Reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain PAO1 Led to the Development of Hypovirulent and Hypersusceptible rDNA Hosts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:640450. [PMID: 33777913 PMCID: PMC7991573 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.640450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a human opportunistic pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections, which is largely used as a model organism to study antibiotic resistance and pathogenesis. As other species of the genus, its wide metabolic versatility appears to be attractive to study biotechnological applications. However, its natural resistance to antibiotics and its capacity to produce a wide range of virulence factors argue against its biotechnological potential. By reducing the genome of the reference strain PAO1, we explored the development of four hypovirulent and hypersusceptible recombinant DNA hosts (rDNA hosts). Despite deleting up to 0.8% of the core genome, any of the developed strains presented alterations of fitness when cultured under standard laboratory conditions. Other features such as antibiotic susceptibility, cytotoxicity, in vivo pathogenesis, and expression of heterologous peptides were also explored to highlight the potential applications of these models. This work stands as the first stage of the development of a safe-platform strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that will be further optimized for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Grosjean
- Département Recherche et Développement, Smaltis SAS, Besançon, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie, UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Sophie Guénard
- Département Recherche et Développement, Smaltis SAS, Besançon, France
| | | | - Cédric Muller
- Département Recherche et Développement, Smaltis SAS, Besançon, France
| | - Patrick Plésiat
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Paulo Juarez
- Département Recherche et Développement, Smaltis SAS, Besançon, France
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Zhang Z, Ortega D, Rush A, Blankenship LR, Cheng ZJ, Moore RE, Tran MLN, Sandoval LG, Aboulhosn K, Watanabe S, Cortez KS, Perlman DH, Semmelhack MF, Miller Conrad LC. Antibiotic Adjuvant Activity Revealed in a Photoaffinity Approach to Determine the Molecular Target of Antipyocyanin Compounds. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:535-543. [PMID: 33587590 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a looming threat to public health. New treatment strategies are needed to combat this pathogen, for example, by blocking the production of virulence factors like pyocyanin. A photoaffinity analogue of an antipyocyanin compound was developed to interrogate the inhibitor's molecular mechanism of action. While we sought to develop antivirulence inhibitors, the proteomics results suggested that the compounds had antibiotic adjuvant activity. Unexpectedly, we found that these compounds amplify the bactericidal activity of colistin, a well-characterized antibiotic, suggesting they may represent a first-in-class antibiotic adjuvant therapy. Analogues have the potential not only to widen the therapeutic index of cationic antimicrobial peptides like colistin, but also to be effective against colistin-resistant strains, strengthening our arsenal to combat P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Dominic Ortega
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192, United States
| | - Anthony Rush
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lauren R. Blankenship
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192, United States
| | - Zi Jun Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192, United States
| | - Minh L. N. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192, United States
| | - Lucero G. Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192, United States
| | - Kareem Aboulhosn
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192, United States
| | - Seiichiro Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192, United States
| | - Kendra S. Cortez
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192, United States
| | - David H. Perlman
- Princeton Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Center, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Martin F. Semmelhack
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Laura C. Miller Conrad
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192, United States
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34
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Moser C, Jensen PØ, Thomsen K, Kolpen M, Rybtke M, Lauland AS, Trøstrup H, Tolker-Nielsen T. Immune Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625597. [PMID: 33692800 PMCID: PMC7937708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a key pathogen of chronic infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients and in patients suffering from chronic wounds of diverse etiology. In these infections the bacteria congregate in biofilms and cannot be eradicated by standard antibiotic treatment or host immune responses. The persistent biofilms induce a hyper inflammatory state that results in collateral damage of the adjacent host tissue. The host fails to eradicate the biofilm infection, resulting in hindered remodeling and healing. In the present review we describe our current understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by P. aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosis lung infections and chronic wounds. This includes the mechanisms that are involved in the activation of the immune responses, as well as the effector functions, the antimicrobial components and the associated tissue destruction. The mechanisms by which the biofilms evade immune responses, and potential treatment targets of the immune response are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Kolpen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Rybtke
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Lauland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannah Trøstrup
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Schulze A, Mitterer F, Pombo JP, Schild S. Biofilms by bacterial human pathogens: Clinical relevance - development, composition and regulation - therapeutical strategies. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2021; 8:28-56. [PMID: 33553418 PMCID: PMC7841849 DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.02.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Notably, bacterial biofilm formation is increasingly recognized as a passive virulence factor facilitating many infectious disease processes. In this review we will focus on bacterial biofilms formed by human pathogens and highlight their relevance for diverse diseases. Along biofilm composition and regulation emphasis is laid on the intensively studied biofilms of Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp., which are commonly used as biofilm model organisms and therefore contribute to our general understanding of bacterial biofilm (patho-)physiology. Finally, therapeutical intervention strategies targeting biofilms will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Schulze
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- A.S. and F.M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Fabian Mitterer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- A.S. and F.M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Joao P. Pombo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Schild
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence Biohealth – University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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36
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Lippa AM, Gebhardt MJ, Dove SL. H-NS-like proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa coordinately silence intragenic transcription. Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:1138-1151. [PMID: 33245158 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The H-NS-like proteins MvaT and MvaU act coordinately as global repressors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by binding to AT-rich regions of the chromosome. Although cells can tolerate loss of either protein, identifying their combined regulatory effects has been challenging because the loss of both proteins is lethal due to induction of prophage Pf4 and subsequent superinfection of the cell. In other bacteria, H-NS promotes the cellular fitness by inhibiting intragenic transcription from AT-rich target regions, preventing them from sequestering RNA polymerase; however, it is not known whether MvaT and MvaU function similarly. Here, we utilize a parental strain that cannot be infected by Pf4 phage to define the collective MvaT and MvaU regulon and demonstrate that the combined loss of both MvaT and MvaU leads to increased intragenic transcription from loci directly controlled by these proteins. We further show that the loss of MvaT and MvaU leads to a striking redistribution of RNA polymerase containing σ70 to genomic regions vacated by these proteins. Our findings suggest that the ability of H-NS-like proteins to repress intragenic transcription is a universal function of these proteins and point to a second mechanism by which MvaT and MvaU may contribute to the growth of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Lippa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Gebhardt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon L Dove
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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37
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Maali Y, Journo C, Mahieux R, Dutartre H. Microbial Biofilms: Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 First in Line for Viral Biofilm but Far Behind Bacterial Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2041. [PMID: 33042035 PMCID: PMC7523422 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). To date, it is the unique published example of a virus able to form a biofilm at the surface of infected cells. Deeply studied in bacteria, bacterial biofilms represent multicellular assemblies of bacteria in contact with a surface and shielded by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Microbial lifestyle in biofilms, either viral or bacterial, is opposed structurally and physiologically to an isolated lifestyle, in which viruses or bacteria freely float in their environment. HTLV-1 biofilm formation is believed to be promoted by viral proteins, mainly Tax, through remodeling of the ECM of the infected cells. HTLV-1 biofilm has been linked to cell-to-cell transmission of the virus. However, in comparison to bacterial biofilms, very little is known on kinetics of viral biofilm formation or dissemination, but also on its pathophysiological roles, such as escape from immune detection or therapeutic strategies, as well as promotion of leukemogenesis. The switch between production of cell-free isolated virions and cell-associated viral biofilm, although not fully apprehended yet, remains a key step to understand HTLV-1 infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Maali
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Journo
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
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38
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Induced Cell Death in Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155356. [PMID: 32731491 PMCID: PMC7432812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen responsible for the cause of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. P. aeruginosa isthe leading species isolated from patients with nosocomial infection and is detected in almost all the patients with long term ventilation in critical care units. P. aeruginosa infection is also the leading cause of deleterious chronic lung infections in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis as well as the major reason for morbidity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. P. aeruginosa infections are linked to diseases with high mortality rates and are challenging for treatment, for which no effective remedies have been developed. Massive lung epithelial cell death is a hallmark of severe acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by P. aeruginosa infection. Lung epithelial cell death poses serious challenges to air barrier and structural integrity that may lead to edema, cytokine secretion, inflammatory infiltration, and hypoxia. Here we review different types of cell death caused by P. aeruginosa serving as a starting point for the diseases it is responsible for causing. We also review the different mechanisms of cell death and potential therapeutics in countering the serious challenges presented by this deadly bacterium.
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Badal D, Jayarani AV, Kollaran MA, Kumar A, Singh V. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on endotracheal tubes requires multiple two-component systems. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:906-919. [PMID: 32459613 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Indwelling medical devices such as endotracheal tubes (ETTs), urinary catheters, vascular access devices, tracheostomies and feeding tubes are often associated with hospital-acquired infections. Bacterial biofilm formed on the ETTs in intubated patients is a significant risk factor associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the four frequently encountered bacteria responsible for causing pneumonia, and the biofilm formation on ETTs. However, understanding of biofilm formation on ETT and interventions to prevent biofilm remains lagging. The ability to sense and adapt to external cues contributes to their success. Thus, the biofilm formation is likely to be influenced by the two-component systems (TCSs) that are composed of a membrane-associated sensor kinase and an intracellular response regulator.Aim. This study aims to establish an in vitro method to analyse the P. aeruginosa biofilm formation on ETTs, and identify the TCSs that contribute to this process.Methodology. In total, 112 P. aeruginosa PA14 TCS mutants were tested for their ability to form biofilm on ETTs, their effect on quorum sensing (QS) and motility.Results. Out of 112 TCS mutants studied, 56 had altered biofilm biomass on ETTs. Although the biofilm formation on ETTs is QS-dependent, none of the 56 loci controlled quorum signal. Of these, 18 novel TCSs specific to ETT biofilm were identified, namely, AauS, AgtS, ColR, CopS, CprR, NasT, KdpD, ParS, PmrB, PprA, PvrS, RcsC, PA14_11120, PA14_32580, PA14_45880, PA14_49420, PA14_52240, PA14_70790. The set of 56 included the GacS network, TCS proteins involved in fimbriae synthesis, TCS proteins involved in antimicrobial peptide resistance, and surface-sensing. Additionally, several of the TCS-encoding genes involved in biofilm formation on ETTs were found to be linked to flagellum-dependent swimming motility.Conclusions. Our study established an in vitro method for studying P. aeruginosa biofilm formation on the ETT surfaces. We also identified novel ETT-specific TCSs that could serve as targets to prevent biofilm formation on indwelling devices frequently used in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divakar Badal
- Department of Biosystems Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
| | - Abhijith Vimal Jayarani
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
| | - Mohammed Ameen Kollaran
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
| | - Aloke Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA.,Department of Biosystems Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
| | - Varsha Singh
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA.,Department of Biosystems Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
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40
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Luo J, Li X, Zhang J, Feng A, Xia M, Zhou M. Global regulator engineering enhances bioelectricity generation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-inoculated MFCs. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 163:112269. [PMID: 32568691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The electricigens with high-electroactivity is essential for resolving the low electricity power output (EPT) of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). However, the manipulation by single functional genes shows limitation because electroactivity is a complex phenotype controlled by multiple genes. Herein, global regulator engineering (GRE) was developed to optimize the electroactivity of an isolated strain (Pseudomonas aeruginosa P3-A-11) using an exogenous global regulator IrrE (ionizing radiation resistance E linkage group) as an object. The GRE was implemented through in vitro random mutagenesis by error-prone PCR and in vivo high-through screening comprised of cultures color assay, PYO measurement and MFCs operation. Four mutants with higher electroactivity were obtained, among which, the mutant 11/M2-59 not only displayed the maximal power density, but also exhibited stronger salt tolerance, consequently showing good performance of MFCs in the presence of salt. Apart from the reduced internal resistance, the increase in phenazines amounts primarily contributed to EPT improvement, which was realized by enhancing the core biosynthesis pathway and affecting other pathways (such as central metabolism pathway, quorum sensing system, regulatory network). Notably, IrrE exerted its positive effect on electroactivity even without native regulators (such as PmpR and RpoS). In addition, the significant fluctuations in expression levels of stress-responsive genes mediated by GRE were closely associated with the enhanced salt tolerance. This work demonstrated that GRE was an effective approach for simultaneously optimizing multiple phenotypes (such as electroactivity and stress tolerance), and thus would provide more opportunities to create high-efficiency electricigens and further promoted the practical application of MFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science &Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science &Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Jingmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science &Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - An Feng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science &Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Menglei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science &Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
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41
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M Campos JC, Antunes LCM, Ferreira RBR. Global priority pathogens: virulence, antimicrobial resistance and prospective treatment options. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:649-677. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are part of a group of pathogens that pose a major threat to human health due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Moreover, these bacteria have several virulence factors that allow them to successfully colonize their hosts, such as toxins and the ability to produce biofilms, resulting in an urgent need to develop new strategies to fight these pathogens. In this review, we compile the most up-to-date information on the epidemiology, virulence and resistance of these clinically important microorganisms. Additionally, we address new therapeutic alternatives, with a focus on molecules with antivirulence activity, which are considered promising to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C de M Campos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis CM Antunes
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosana BR Ferreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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42
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Kassinger SJ, van Hoek ML. Biofilm architecture: An emerging synthetic biology target. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2020; 5:1-10. [PMID: 31956705 PMCID: PMC6961760 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biologists are exploiting biofilms as an effective mechanism for producing various outputs. Metabolic optimization has become commonplace as a method of maximizing system output. In addition to production pathways, the biofilm itself contributes to the efficacy of production. The purpose of this review is to highlight opportunities that might be leveraged to further enhance production in preexisting biofilm production systems. These opportunities may be used with previously established production systems as a method of improving system efficiency further. This may be accomplished through the reduction in the cost of establishing and maintaining biofilms, and maintenance of the enhancement of product yield per unit of time, per unit of area, or per unit of required input.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monique L. van Hoek
- George Mason University, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
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43
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Thöming JG, Tomasch J, Preusse M, Koska M, Grahl N, Pohl S, Willger SD, Kaever V, Müsken M, Häussler S. Parallel evolutionary paths to produce more than one Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm phenotype. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:2. [PMID: 31934344 PMCID: PMC6954232 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-019-0113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying parallel evolution of similar traits in independent within-species lineages provides an opportunity to address evolutionary predictability of molecular changes underlying adaptation. In this study, we monitored biofilm forming capabilities, motility, and virulence phenotypes of a plethora of phylogenetically diverse clinical isolates of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We also recorded biofilm-specific and planktonic transcriptional responses. We found that P. aeruginosa isolates could be stratified based on the production of distinct organismal traits. Three major biofilm phenotypes, which shared motility and virulence phenotypes, were produced repeatedly in several isolates, indicating that the phenotypes evolved via parallel or convergent evolution. Of note, while we found a restricted general response to the biofilm environment, the individual groups of biofilm phenotypes reproduced biofilm transcriptional profiles that included the expression of well-known biofilm features, such as surface adhesive structures and extracellular matrix components. Our results provide insights into distinct ways to make a biofilm and indicate that genetic adaptations can modulate multiple pathways for biofilm development that are followed by several independent clinical isolates. Uncovering core regulatory pathways that drive biofilm-associated growth and tolerance towards environmental stressors promises to give clues to host and environmental interactions and could provide useful targets for new clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne G. Thöming
- Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jürgen Tomasch
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Preusse
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michal Koska
- Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nora Grahl
- Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sarah Pohl
- Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sven D. Willger
- Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Häussler
- Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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44
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Olivares E, Badel-Berchoux S, Provot C, Prévost G, Bernardi T, Jehl F. Clinical Impact of Antibiotics for the Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Infections. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2894. [PMID: 31998248 PMCID: PMC6962142 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are highly recalcitrant to antibiotic therapies due to multiple tolerance mechanisms. The involvement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a wide range of biofilm-related infections often leads to treatment failures. Indeed, few current antimicrobial molecules are still effective on tolerant sessile cells. In contrast, studies increasingly showed that conventional antibiotics can, at low concentrations, induce a phenotype change in bacteria and consequently, the biofilm formation. Understanding the clinical effects of antimicrobials on biofilm establishment is essential to avoid the use of inappropriate treatments in the case of biofilm infections. This article reviews the current knowledge about bacterial growth within a biofilm and the preventive or inducer impact of standard antimicrobials on its formation by P. aeruginosa. The effect of antibiotics used to treat biofilms of other bacterial species, as Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, was also briefly mentioned. Finally, it describes two in vitro devices which could potentially be used as antibiotic susceptibility testing for adherent bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Olivares
- University of Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA7290, Institut de Bactériologie, Strasbourg, France.,BioFilm Pharma SAS, Saint-Beauzire, France
| | | | - Christian Provot
- BioFilm Pharma SAS, Saint-Beauzire, France.,BioFilm Control SAS, Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - Gilles Prévost
- University of Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA7290, Institut de Bactériologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Bernardi
- BioFilm Pharma SAS, Saint-Beauzire, France.,BioFilm Control SAS, Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - François Jehl
- University of Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA7290, Institut de Bactériologie, Strasbourg, France
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45
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Geddes-McAlister J, Kugadas A, Gadjeva M. Tasked with a Challenging Objective: Why Do Neutrophils Fail to Battle Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040283. [PMID: 31817091 PMCID: PMC6963930 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are a leading cause of mortality, affecting approximately 250,000 people in Canada and over 2 million people in the United States, annually. The lack of efficacy of antibiotic-based treatments is often caused by inability of the drug to penetrate bacterial biofilms in sufficient concentrations, posing a major therapeutic challenge. Here, we review the most recent information about the architecture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in vivo and describe how advances in imaging and mass spectroscopy analysis bring about novel therapeutic options and challenge existing dogmas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abirami Kugadas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Mihaela Gadjeva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-525-2268; Fax: +1-617-525-2510
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46
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Qvortrup K, Hultqvist LD, Nilsson M, Jakobsen TH, Jansen CU, Uhd J, Andersen JB, Nielsen TE, Givskov M, Tolker-Nielsen T. Small Molecule Anti-biofilm Agents Developed on the Basis of Mechanistic Understanding of Biofilm Formation. Front Chem 2019; 7:742. [PMID: 31737611 PMCID: PMC6838868 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are the cause of persistent infections associated with various medical implants and distinct body sites such as the urinary tract, lungs, and wounds. Compared with their free living counterparts, bacteria in biofilms display a highly increased resistance to immune system activities and antibiotic treatment. Therefore, biofilm infections are difficult or impossible to treat with our current armory of antibiotics. The challenges associated with biofilm infections have urged researchers to pursue a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the formation and dispersal of biofilms, and this has led to the identification of several steps that could be targeted in order to eradicate these challenging infections. Here we describe mechanisms that are involved in the regulation of biofilm development in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii, and provide examples of chemical compounds that have been developed to specifically inhibit these processes. These compounds include (i) pilicides and curlicides which inhibit the initial steps of biofilm formation by E. coli; (ii) compounds that interfere with c-di-GMP signaling in P. aeruginosa and E. coli; and (iii) compounds that inhibit quorum-sensing in P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. In cases where compound series have a defined molecular target, we focus on elucidating structure activity relationship (SAR) trends within the particular compound series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Qvortrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise Dahl Hultqvist
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Nilsson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim Holm Jakobsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Uhd
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Bo Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Givskov
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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47
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Cain AK, Nolan LM, Sullivan GJ, Whitchurch CB, Filloux A, Parkhill J. Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reference Strain PAK. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:e00865-19. [PMID: 31601664 PMCID: PMC6787321 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00865-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAK, a strain which has been instrumental in the study of a range of P. aeruginosa virulence and pathogenesis factors and has been used for over 50 years as a laboratory reference strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Cain
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - Laura M Nolan
- Imperial College London, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cynthia B Whitchurch
- The ithree institute, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Alain Filloux
- Imperial College London, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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48
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Guła G, Dorotkiewicz-Jach A, Korzekwa K, Valvano MA, Drulis-Kawa Z. Complex Signaling Networks Controlling Dynamic Molecular Changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1979-1993. [PMID: 30207213 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180912110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The environment exerts strong influence on microbes. Adaptation of microbes to changing conditions is a dynamic process regulated by complex networks. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a life-threating, versatile opportunistic and multi drug resistant pathogen that provides a model to investigate adaptation mechanisms to environmental changes. The ability of P. aeruginosa to form biofilms and to modify virulence in response to environmental changes is coordinated by various mechanisms including two-component systems (TCS), and secondary messengers involved in quorum sensing (QS) and c-di-GMP networks (diguanylate cyclase systems, DGC). In this review, we focus on the role of c-di-GMP during biofilm formation. We describe TCS and QS signal cascades regulated by c-di-GMP in response to changes in the external environment. We present a complex signaling network dynamically changing during the transition of P. aeruginosa from the free-living to sessile mode of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Guła
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Dorotkiewicz-Jach
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Korzekwa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Miguel A Valvano
- Wellcome- Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
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49
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Ciofu O, Tolker-Nielsen T. Tolerance and Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms to Antimicrobial Agents-How P. aeruginosa Can Escape Antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:913. [PMID: 31130925 PMCID: PMC6509751 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the six bacterial pathogens, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp., which are commonly associated with antimicrobial resistance, and denoted by their acronym ESKAPE. P. aeruginosa is also recognized as an important cause of chronic infections due to its ability to form biofilms, where the bacteria are present in aggregates encased in a self-produced extracellular matrix and are difficult or impossible to eradicate with antibiotic treatment. P. aeruginosa causes chronic infections in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive lung disease, as well as chronic urinary tract infections in patients with permanent bladder catheter, and ventilator-associated pneumonia in intubated patients, and is also an important pathogen in chronic wounds. Antibiotic treatment cannot eradicate these biofilm infections due to their intrinsic antibiotic tolerance and the development of mutational antibiotic resistance. The tolerance of biofilms to antibiotics is multifactorial involving physical, physiological, and genetic determinants, whereas the antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms is caused by mutations and driven by the repeated exposure of the bacteria to high levels of antibiotics. In this review, both the antimicrobial tolerance and the development of resistance to antibiotics in P. aeruginosa biofilms are discussed. Possible therapeutic approaches based on the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the tolerance and resistances of biofilms to antibiotics are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Ciofu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rossi E, Paroni M, Landini P. Biofilm and motility in response to environmental and host-related signals in Gram negative opportunistic pathogens. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1587-1602. [PMID: 30153375 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most bacteria can switch between a planktonic, sometimes motile, form and a biofilm mode, in which bacterial cells can aggregate and attach to a solid surface. The transition between these two forms represents an example of bacterial adaptation to environmental signals and stresses. In 'environmental pathogens', namely, environmental bacteria that are also able to cause disease in animals and humans, signals associated either with the host or with the external environment, such as temperature, oxygen availability, nutrient concentrations etc., play a major role in triggering the switch between the motile and the biofilm mode, via complex regulatory mechanisms that control flagellar synthesis and motility, and production of adhesion factors. In this review article, we present examples of how environmental signals can impact biofilm formation and cell motility in the Gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and in the Burkholderia genus, and how the switch between motile and biofilm mode can be an essential part of a more general process of adaptation either to the host or to the external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rossi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, København, Denmark
| | - M Paroni
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Landini
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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