1
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Ni D, Zhang S, Liu X, Zhu Y, Xu W, Zhang W, Mu W. Production, effects, and applications of fructans with various molecular weights. Food Chem 2024; 437:137895. [PMID: 37924765 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Fructan, a widespread functional polysaccharide, has been used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and material production fields because of its versatile physicochemical properties and biological activities. Inulin from plants and levan from microorganisms are two of the most extensively studied fructans. Fructans from different plants or microorganisms have inconsistent molecular weights, and the molecular weight of fructan affects its properties, functions, and applications. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the production and application of fructans having various molecular weights, and biotechnological processes have been explored to produce tailor-made fructans from sucrose. This review encompasses the introduction of extraction, enzymatic transformation, and fermentation production processes for fructans with diverse molecular weights. Notably, it highlights the enzymes involved in fructan biosynthesis and underscores their physiological effects, with a special emphasis on their prebiotic properties. Moreover, the applications of fructans with varying molecular weights are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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2
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Wang N, Chen L, Huang W, Gao Z, Jin M. Current Advances of Nanomaterial-Based Oral Drug Delivery for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:557. [PMID: 38607092 PMCID: PMC11013305 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor, and traditional treatments include surgical resection and radiotherapy. However, local recurrence, distal metastasis, and intestinal obstruction are significant problems. Oral nano-formulation is a promising treatment strategy for CRC. This study introduces physiological and environmental factors, the main challenges of CRC treatment, and the need for a novel oral colon-targeted drug delivery system (OCDDS). This study reviews the research progress of controlled-release, responsive, magnetic, targeted, and other oral nano-formulations in the direction of CRC treatment, in addition to the advantages of oral colon-targeted nano-formulations and concerns about the oral delivery of related therapeutic agents to inspire related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.W.); (L.C.); (W.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
| | - Liqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.W.); (L.C.); (W.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.W.); (L.C.); (W.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.W.); (L.C.); (W.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingji Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.W.); (L.C.); (W.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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3
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Yan S, Bhawal R, Yin Z, Thannhauser TW, Zhang S. Recent advances in proteomics and metabolomics in plants. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:17. [PMID: 37789425 PMCID: PMC10514990 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, systems biology and plant-omics have increasingly become the main stream in plant biology research. New developments in mass spectrometry and bioinformatics tools, and methodological schema to integrate multi-omics data have leveraged recent advances in proteomics and metabolomics. These progresses are driving a rapid evolution in the field of plant research, greatly facilitating our understanding of the mechanistic aspects of plant metabolisms and the interactions of plants with their external environment. Here, we review the recent progresses in MS-based proteomics and metabolomics tools and workflows with a special focus on their applications to plant biology research using several case studies related to mechanistic understanding of stress response, gene/protein function characterization, metabolic and signaling pathways exploration, and natural product discovery. We also present a projection concerning future perspectives in MS-based proteomics and metabolomics development including their applications to and challenges for system biology. This review is intended to provide readers with an overview of how advanced MS technology, and integrated application of proteomics and metabolomics can be used to advance plant system biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijuan Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruchika Bhawal
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, 139 Biotechnology Building, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhibin Yin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, 139 Biotechnology Building, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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4
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Liu R, Jiao T, Zhang Z, Yao Z, Li Z, Wang S, Xin H, Li Y, Wang A, Zhu J. Ectopic Expression of the Allium cepa 1-SST Gene in Cotton Improves Drought Tolerance and Yield Under Drought Stress in the Field. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:783134. [PMID: 35095957 PMCID: PMC8790044 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.783134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In some plants, sucrose: sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST) is the first irreversible key enzyme in fructan biosynthesis. Studies have shown that fructan accumulation enhances abiotic stress tolerance of plants. To investigate the role of 1-SST in drought stress responses, a total of 37 cotton plants expressing a 1-SST gene from Allium cepa were developed by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Under drought stress in the field, compared with wild-type, ectopic expression of Ac1-SST in cotton resulted in significantly higher soluble sugars (especially 1-kestose), proline and relative water contents, as well as decreased malondialdehyde content, which contributed to maintaining intracellular osmoregulation and reducing membrane damage. In addition, ectopic expression of Ac1-SST in cotton significantly improved the photosynthesis rate, performance of PSII (including Pn, Fv/Fm, WUE, ΦPSII, and PItotal) and plant growth under drought stress. Furthermore, compared with the wild-type, under the droughted field, the yield loss per square meter of transgenic cotton was reduced by an average of 20.9% over two consecutive years. Our results indicate that the Ac1-SST gene can be used to improve drought tolerance and yield of cotton varieties, and might also be a promising drought-resistant gene for improving other crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- RuiNa Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - TianQi Jiao
- Woda Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Shihezi, China
| | - ZeXing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhang Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - ZhongQing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Saisai Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hongliang Xin
- The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - YuXia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - AiYing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - JianBo Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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5
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Nayak SN, Aravind B, Malavalli SS, Sukanth BS, Poornima R, Bharati P, Hefferon K, Kole C, Puppala N. Omics Technologies to Enhance Plant Based Functional Foods: An Overview. Front Genet 2021; 12:742095. [PMID: 34858472 PMCID: PMC8631721 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.742095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional foods are natural products of plants that have health benefits beyond necessary nutrition. Functional foods are abundant in fruits, vegetables, spices, beverages and some are found in cereals, millets, pulses and oilseeds. Efforts to identify functional foods in our diet and their beneficial aspects are limited to few crops. Advances in sequencing and availability of different omics technologies have given opportunity to utilize these tools to enhance the functional components of the foods, thus ensuring the nutritional security. Integrated omics approaches including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics coupled with artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches can be used to improve the crops. This review provides insights into omics studies that are carried out to find the active components and crop improvement by enhancing the functional compounds in different plants including cereals, millets, pulses, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables, spices, beverages and medicinal plants. There is a need to characterize functional foods that are being used in traditional medicines, as well as utilization of this knowledge to improve the staple foods in order to tackle malnutrition and hunger more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spurthi N. Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - B. Aravind
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Sachin S. Malavalli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - B. S. Sukanth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - R. Poornima
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Pushpa Bharati
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Chittaranjan Kole
- President, International Phytomedomics and Nutriomics Consortium (ipnc.info), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Naveen Puppala
- New Mexico State University-Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, New Mexico, NM, United States
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6
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Chadha S, Kumar A, Srivastava SA, Behl T, Ranjan R. Inulin as a Delivery Vehicle for Targeting Colon-Specific Cancer. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 17:651-674. [PMID: 32459607 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200527133719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides, as well as biopolymers, are now days widely developed for targeting colon cancer using various drug delivery systems. Currently, healing conformations are being explored that can efficiently play a multipurpose role. Owing to the capability of extravagance colonic diseases with the least adverse effects, biopolymers for site specific colon delivery have developed an increased curiosity over the past decades. Inulin (INU) was explored for its probable application as an entrapment material concerning its degradation by enzymes in the colonic microflora and its drug release behavior in a sustained and controlled manner. INU is a polysaccharide and it consists of 2 to 1 linkage having an extensive array of beneficial uses such as a carrier for delivery of therapeutic agents as an indicative/investigative utensil or as a dietary fiber with added well-being aids. In the main, limited research, as well as information, is available on the delivery of therapeutic agents using inulin specifically for colon cancer because of its capability to subsist in the stomach's acidic medium. This exceptional steadiness and robustness properties are exploited in numerous patterns to target drugs securely for the management of colonic cancer, where they effectively act and kills colonic tumor cells easily. In this review article, recent efforts and inulin-based nano-technological approaches for colon cancer targeting are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chadha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rishu Ranjan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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7
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Garbetta A, D'Antuono I, Melilli MG, Sillitti C, Linsalata V, Scandurra S, Cardinali A. Inulin enriched durum wheat spaghetti: Effect of polymerization degree on technological and nutritional characteristics. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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8
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Raw plant-based biorefinery: A new paradigm shift towards biotechnological approach to sustainable manufacturing of HMF. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Barracosa P, Barracosa M, Pires E. Cardoon as a Sustainable Crop for Biomass and Bioactive Compounds Production. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900498. [PMID: 31778035 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardoon is a multi-purpose and versatile Mediterranean crop, adapted to climate change, with a wide spectrum of potential applications due its added value as a rich source of fibers, oils and bioactive compounds. The Cynara species are a component of the Mediterranean diet and have been used as food and medicine since ancient times. The important role of cardoon in human nutrition, as a functional food, is due to its high content of nutraceutical and bioactive compounds such as oligofructose inulin, caffeoylquinic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, sesquiterpenes lactones, triterpenes, fatty acids and aspartic proteases. The present review highlights the characteristics and functions of cardoon biomass which permits the development of innovative products in food and nutrition, pharmaceutics and cosmetics, plant protection and biocides, oils and energy, lignocellulose materials, and healthcare industries following the actual trends of a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Barracosa
- Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu - Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, 3500-606, Viseu, Portugal.,CI&DETS - Centro de Estudos em Educação, Tecnologias e Saúde, 3504-510, Viseu, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mariana Barracosa
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação -, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Euclides Pires
- Departamento Ciências da Vida - FCTUC, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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10
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Lombardo L, Grando MS. Genetically Modified Plants for Nutritionally Improved Food: A Promise Kept? FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1613664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lombardo
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Grando
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
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11
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Pavan S, Curci PL, Zuluaga DL, Blanco E, Sonnante G. Genotyping-by-sequencing highlights patterns of genetic structure and domestication in artichoke and cardoon. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205988. [PMID: 30352087 PMCID: PMC6198968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploiting the biodiversity of crops and their wild relatives is fundamental for maintaining and increasing food security. The species Cynara cardunculus includes three taxa: the globe artichoke, one of the most important Mediterranean vegetables, the leafy cardoon, and the wild cardoon. In this study, genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was successfully applied to reveal thousands of polymorphisms in a C. cardunculus germplasm collection, including 65 globe artichoke, 9 leafy cardoon, and 21 wild cardoon samples. The collection showed a strong population structure at K = 2, separating the globe artichoke from the leafy and wild cardoon. At higher K values, further substructures were observed, in which the wild cardoon was separated from the leafy cardoon, and the latter included the Spanish wild cardoons, while the wild sample from Portugal was admixed. Moreover, subpopulations within the globe artichoke set were highlighted. Structure analysis restricted to the globe artichoke dataset pointed out genetic differentiation between the ˝Catanesi˝ typology and all the other samples (K = 2). At higher values of K, the separation of the ˝Catanesi˝ group still held true, and green headed landraces from Apulia region, Italy (˝Green Apulian˝) formed a distinct subpopulation. ˝Romaneschi˝ artichoke types fell in a variable group with admixed samples, indicating that they should not be considered as a genetically uniform typology. The results of principal component analysis and Neighbor-Joining hierarchical clustering were consistent with structure results, and in addition provided a measure of genetic relationships among individual genotypes. Both analyses attributed the wild material from Spain and Portugal to the cultivated cardoon group, supporting the idea that this might be indeed a feral form of the leafy cardoon. Different reproductive habit and possibly selective pressure led to a slower LD decay in artichoke compared to cardoon. Genotyping by sequencing has proven a reliable methodology to obtain valuable SNPs and assess population genetics in C. cardunculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pavan
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari ˝Aldo Moro˝, Bari, Italy.,Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
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12
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Tamayo‐Ordóñez MC, Ayil‐Gutiérrez BA, Tamayo‐Ordóñez YJ, Rodríguez‐Zapata LC, Monforte‐González M, De la Cruz‐Arguijo EA, García‐Castillo MJ, Sánchez‐Teyer LF. Review and in silico analysis of fermentation, bioenergy, fiber, and biopolymer genes of biotechnological interest in
Agave
L. for genetic improvement and biocatalysis. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1314-1334. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Tamayo‐Ordóñez
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP. 97200, Mérida Yucatán Mexico
| | - B. A. Ayil‐Gutiérrez
- CONACYT‐ Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Maestro, s/n, Esq. Elías Piña Reynosa 88710 Mexico
| | - Y. J. Tamayo‐Ordóñez
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP. 97200, Mérida Yucatán Mexico
| | - L. C. Rodríguez‐Zapata
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP. 97200, Mérida Yucatán Mexico
| | - M. Monforte‐González
- Unidad de Bioquímica Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP. 97200, Mérida Yucatán Mexico
| | - E. A. De la Cruz‐Arguijo
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Maestro, s/n, Esq. Elías Piña Reynosa 88710 Mexico
| | - M. J. García‐Castillo
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP. 97200, Mérida Yucatán Mexico
| | - L. F. Sánchez‐Teyer
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP. 97200, Mérida Yucatán Mexico
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Garg M, Sharma N, Sharma S, Kapoor P, Kumar A, Chunduri V, Arora P. Biofortified Crops Generated by Breeding, Agronomy, and Transgenic Approaches Are Improving Lives of Millions of People around the World. Front Nutr 2018; 5:12. [PMID: 29492405 PMCID: PMC5817065 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofortification is an upcoming, promising, cost-effective, and sustainable technique of delivering micronutrients to a population that has limited access to diverse diets and other micronutrient interventions. Unfortunately, major food crops are poor sources of micronutrients required for normal human growth. The manuscript deals in all aspects of crop biofortification which includes-breeding, agronomy, and genetic modification. It tries to summarize all the biofortification research that has been conducted on different crops. Success stories of biofortification include lysine and tryptophan rich quality protein maize (World food prize 2000), Vitamin A rich orange sweet potato (World food prize 2016); generated by crop breeding, oleic acid, and stearidonic acid soybean enrichment; through genetic transformation and selenium, iodine, and zinc supplementation. The biofortified food crops, especially cereals, legumes, vegetables, and fruits, are providing sufficient levels of micronutrients to targeted populations. Although a greater emphasis is being laid on transgenic research, the success rate and acceptability of breeding is much higher. Besides the challenges biofortified crops hold a bright future to address the malnutrition challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Natasha Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Saloni Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Payal Kapoor
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Priya Arora
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
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14
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Stolze A, Wanke A, van Deenen N, Geyer R, Prüfer D, Schulze Gronover C. Development of rubber-enriched dandelion varieties by metabolic engineering of the inulin pathway. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:740-753. [PMID: 27885764 PMCID: PMC5425391 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) is an important raw material for a large number of industrial products. The primary source of NR is the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis, but increased worldwide demand means that alternative sustainable sources are urgently required. The Russian dandelion (Taraxacum koksaghyz Rodin) is such an alternative because large amounts of NR are produced in its root system. However, rubber biosynthesis must be improved to develop T. koksaghyz into a commercially feasible crop. In addition to NR, T. koksaghyz also produces large amounts of the reserve carbohydrate inulin, which is stored in parenchymal root cell vacuoles near the phloem, adjacent to apoplastically separated laticifers. In contrast to NR, which accumulates throughout the year even during dormancy, inulin is synthesized during the summer and is degraded from the autumn onwards when root tissues undergo a sink-to-source transition. We carried out a comprehensive analysis of inulin and NR metabolism in T. koksaghyz and its close relative T. brevicorniculatum and functionally characterized the key enzyme fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH), which catalyses the degradation of inulin to fructose and sucrose. The constitutive overexpression of Tk1-FEH almost doubled the rubber content in the roots of two dandelion species without any trade-offs in terms of plant fitness. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that energy supplied by the reserve carbohydrate inulin can be used to promote the synthesis of NR in dandelions, providing a basis for the breeding of rubber-enriched varieties for industrial rubber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stolze
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Alan Wanke
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Nicole van Deenen
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | | | - Dirk Prüfer
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME)MuensterGermany
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15
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Sweetlove LJ, Nielsen J, Fernie AR. Engineering central metabolism - a grand challenge for plant biologists. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:749-763. [PMID: 28004455 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of increasing crop productivity and nutrient-use efficiency is being addressed by a number of ambitious research projects seeking to re-engineer photosynthetic biochemistry. Many of these projects will require the engineering of substantial changes in fluxes of central metabolism. However, as has been amply demonstrated in simpler systems such as microbes, central metabolism is extremely difficult to rationally engineer. This is because of multiple layers of regulation that operate to maintain metabolic steady state and because of the highly connected nature of central metabolism. In this review we discuss new approaches for metabolic engineering that have the potential to address these problems and dramatically improve the success with which we can rationally engineer central metabolism in plants. In particular, we advocate the adoption of an iterative 'design-build-test-learn' cycle using fast-to-transform model plants as test beds. This approach can be realised by coupling new molecular tools to incorporate multiple transgenes in nuclear and plastid genomes with computational modelling to design the engineering strategy and to understand the metabolic phenotype of the engineered organism. We also envisage that mutagenesis could be used to fine-tune the balance between the endogenous metabolic network and the introduced enzymes. Finally, we emphasise the importance of considering the plant as a whole system and not isolated organs: the greatest increase in crop productivity will be achieved if both source and sink metabolism are engineered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J Sweetlove
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE41128, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK2800, Lyngby, Denmark
- Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, SE17121, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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16
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O’Neill EC, Kelly S. Engineering biosynthesis of high-value compounds in photosynthetic organisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:779-802. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1237467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Kelly
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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17
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Van den Ende W, Coopman M, Vergauwen R, Van Laere A. Presence of Inulin-Type Fructo-Oligosaccharides and Shift from Raffinose Family Oligosaccharide to Fructan Metabolism in Leaves of Boxtree (Buxus sempervirens). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:209. [PMID: 26973663 PMCID: PMC4771763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fructans are known to occur in 15% of flowering plants and their accumulation is often associated with stress responses. Typically, particular fructan types occur within particular plant families. The family of the Buxaceae, harboring Pachysandra terminalis, an accumulator of graminan- and levan-type fructans, also harbors boxtree (Buxus sempervirens), a cold and drought tolerant species. Surprisingly, boxtree leaves do not accumulate the expected graminan- and levan-type fructans, but small inulin fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS: 1-kestotriose and nystose) and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs: raffinose and stachyose) instead. The seasonal variation in concentrations of glucose, fructose, sucrose, FOS and RFOs were followed. Raffinose and stachyose peaked during the winter months, while FOS peaked at a very narrow time-interval in spring, immediately preceded by a prominent sucrose accumulation. Sucrose may function as a reserve carbohydrate in winter and early spring leaves. The switch from RFO to fructan metabolism in spring strongly suggests that fructans and RFOs fulfill distinct roles in boxtree leaves. RFOs may play a key role in the cold acclimation of winter leaves while temporal fructan biosynthesis in spring might increase sink strength to sustain the formation of new shoots.
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18
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Mensink MA, Frijlink HW, van der Voort Maarschalk K, Hinrichs WL. Inulin, a flexible oligosaccharide I: Review of its physicochemical characteristics. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:405-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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Franková L, Fry SC. A general method for assaying homo- and hetero-transglycanase activities that act on plant cell-wall polysaccharides. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:411-428. [PMID: 25641334 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Transglycanases (endotransglycosylases) cleave a polysaccharide (donor-substrate) in mid-chain, and then transfer a portion onto another poly- or oligosaccharide (acceptor-substrate). Such enzymes contribute to plant cell-wall assembly and/or re-structuring. We sought a general method for revealing novel homo- and hetero-transglycanases, applicable to diverse polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, separating transglycanase-generated (3)H-polysaccharides from unreacted (3)H-oligosaccharides--the former immobilized (on filter-paper, silica-gel or glass-fiber), the latter eluted. On filter-paper, certain polysaccharides [e.g. (1→3, 1→4)-β-D-glucans] remained satisfactorily adsorbed when water-washed; others (e.g. pectins) were partially lost. Many oligosaccharides (e.g. arabinan-, galactan-, xyloglucan-based) were successfully eluted in appropriate solvents, but others (e.g. [(3)H]xylohexaitol, [(3)H]mannohexaitol [(3)H]cellohexaitol) remained immobile. On silica-gel, all (3)H-oligosaccharides left an immobile 'ghost' spot (contaminating any (3)H-polysaccharides), which was diminished but not prevented by additives e.g. sucrose or Triton X-100. The best stratum was glass-fiber (GF), onto which the reaction-mixture was dried then washed in 75% ethanol. Washing led to minimal loss or lateral migration of (3)H-polysaccharides if conducted by slow percolation of acidified ethanol. The effectiveness of GF-blotting was well demonstrated for Chara vulgaris trans-β-mannanase. In conclusion, our novel GF-blotting technique efficiently frees transglycanase-generated (3)H-polysaccharides from unreacted (3)H-oligosaccharides, enabling high-throughput screening of multiple postulated transglycanase activities utilising chemically diverse donor- and acceptor-substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Franková
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, The King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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20
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Flores AC, Morlett JA, Rodríguez R. Inulin Potential for Enzymatic Obtaining of Prebiotic Oligosaccharides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:1893-902. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.807220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Kikuchi A, Huynh HD, Endo T, Watanabe K. Review of recent transgenic studies on abiotic stress tolerance and future molecular breeding in potato. BREEDING SCIENCE 2015; 65:85-102. [PMID: 25931983 PMCID: PMC4374567 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.65.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has become a major issue within the last decade. Traditional breeding programs for potato have focused on increasing productivity and quality and disease resistance, thus, modern cultivars have limited tolerance of abiotic stresses. The introgression of abiotic stress tolerance into modern cultivars is essential work for the future. Recently, many studies have investigated abiotic stress using transgenic techniques. This manuscript focuses on the study of abiotic stress, in particular drought, salinity and low temperature, during this century. Dividing studies into these three stress categories for this review was difficult. Thus, based on the study title and the transgene property, transgenic studies were classified into five categories in this review; oxidative scavengers, transcriptional factors, and above three abiotic categories. The review focuses on studies that investigate confer of stress tolerance and the identification of responsible factors, including wild relatives. From a practical application perspective, further evaluation of transgenic potato with abiotic stress tolerance is required. Although potato plants, including wild species, have a large potential for abiotic stress tolerance, exploration of the factors responsible for conferring this tolerance is still developing. Molecular breeding, including genetic engineering and conventional breeding using DNA markers, is expected to develop in the future.
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22
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Plant prebiotics and human health: Biotechnology to breed prebiotic-rich nutritious food crops. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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23
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van Arkel J, Sévenier R, Hakkert J, Bouwmeester H, Koops A, van der Meer I. Fructan Biosynthesis Regulation and the Production of Tailor-Made Fructan in Plants. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1201/b17121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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24
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Schemeth D, Rainer M, Messner CB, Rode BM, Bonn GK. Lanthanide-IMAC enrichment of carbohydrates and polyols. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:412-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Schemeth
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry; Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck; Innrain 80-82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Matthias Rainer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry; Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck; Innrain 80-82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Christoph B. Messner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry; Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck; Innrain 80-82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry; Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck; Innrain 80-82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Bernd M. Rode
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry; Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck; Innrain 80-82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Günther K. Bonn
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry; Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck; Innrain 80-82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
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25
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van Arkel J, Sévenier R, Hakkert JC, Bouwmeester HJ, Koops AJ, van der Meer IM. Tailor-made fructan synthesis in plants: a review. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 93:48-56. [PMID: 23465900 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fructan, a fructose polymer, is produced by many bacteria and plants. Fructan is used as carbohydrate reserve, and in bacteria also as protective outside layer. Chicory is a commercial fructan producing crop. The disadvantage of this crop is its fructan breakdown before harvest. Studies using genetically modification showed that fructan biosynthesis is difficult to steer in chicory. Alternatives for production of tailor-made fructan, fructan with a desired polymer length and linkage type, are originally non-fructan-accumulating plants expressing introduced fructosyltransferase genes. The usage of bacterial fructosyltransferases hindered plant performance, whereas plant-derived fructan genes can successfully be used for this purpose. The polymer length distribution and the yield are dependent on the origin of the fructan genes and the availability of sucrose in the host. Limitations seen in chicory for the production of tailor-made fructan are lacking in putative new platform crops like sugar beet and sugarcane and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen van Arkel
- Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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26
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Morandini P. Control limits for accumulation of plant metabolites: brute force is no substitute for understanding. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 11:253-267. [PMID: 23301840 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Which factors limit metabolite accumulation in plant cells? Are theories on flux control effective at explaining the results? Many biotechnologists cling to the idea that every pathway has a rate limiting enzyme and target such enzymes first in order to modulate fluxes. This often translates into large effects on metabolite concentration, but disappointing small increases in flux. Rate limiting enzymes do exist, but are rare and quite opposite to what predicted by biochemistry. In many cases however, flux control is shared among many enzymes. Flux control and concentration control can (and must) be distinguished and quantified for effective manipulation. Flux control for several 'building blocks' of metabolism is placed on the demand side, and therefore increasing demand can be very successful. Tampering with supply, particularly desensitizing supply enzymes, is usually not very effective, if not dangerous, because supply regulatory mechanisms function to control metabolite homeostasis. Some important, but usually unnoticed, metabolic constraints shape the responses of metabolic systems to manipulation: mass conservation, cellular resource allocation and, most prominently, energy supply, particularly in heterotrophic tissues. The theoretical basis for this view shall be explored with recent examples gathered from the manipulation of several metabolites (vitamins, carotenoids, amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, polyhydroxyalkanoates, fructans and sugar alcohols). Some guiding principles are suggested for an even more successful engineering of plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Morandini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan and CNR Institute of Biophysics, Milan, Italy.
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27
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Bauer R, Basson CE, Bekker J, Eduardo I, Rohwer JM, Uys L, van Wyk JH, Kossmann J. Reuteran and levan as carbohydrate sinks in transgenic sugarcane. PLANTA 2012; 236:1803-1815. [PMID: 22903192 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the effect of high molecular weight bacterial fructan (levan) and glucan (reuteran) on growth and carbohydrate partitioning in transgenic sugarcane plants. These biopolymers are products of bacterial glycosyltransferases, enzymes that catalyze the polymerization of glucose or fructose residues from sucrose. Constructs, targeted to different subcellular compartments (cell wall and cytosol) and driven by the Cauliflower mosaic virus-35S: maize-ubiquitin promoter, were introduced into sugarcane by biolistic transformation. Polysaccharide accumulation severely affected growth of callus suspension cultures. Regeneration of embryonic callus tissue into plants proved problematic for cell wall-targeted lines. When targeted to the cytosol, only plants with relative low levels of biopolymer accumulation survived. In internodal stalk tissue that accumulate reuteran (max 0.03 mg/g FW), sucrose content (ca 60 mg/g FW) was not affected, while starch content (<0.4 mg/g FW) was increased up to four times. Total carbohydrate content was not significantly altered. On the other hand, starch and sucrose levels were significantly reduced in plants accumulating levan (max 0.01 mg/g FW). Heterologous expression resulted in a reduction in total carbohydrate assimilation rather than a simple diversion by competition for substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolene Bauer
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
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28
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van Arkel J, Vergauwen R, Sévenier R, Hakkert JC, van Laere A, Bouwmeester HJ, Koops AJ, van der Meer IM. Sink filling, inulin metabolizing enzymes and carbohydrate status in field grown chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1520-9. [PMID: 22795678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Inulin is a fructose-based polymer that is isolated from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) taproots. The degree of polymerization (DP) determines its application and hence the value of the crop. The DP is highly dependent on the field conditions and harvest time. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the objective to understand the regulation of inulin metabolism and the process that determines the chain length and inulin yield throughout the whole growing season. Metabolic aspects of inulin production and degradation in chicory were monitored in the field and under controlled conditions. The following characteristics were determined in taproots: concentrations of glucose, fructose and sucrose, the inulin mean polymer length (mDP), yield, gene expression and activity of enzymes involved in inulin metabolism. Inulin synthesis, catalyzed by sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99) (1-SST) and fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.100) (1-FFT), started at the onset of taproot development. Inulin yield as a function of time followed a sigmoid curve reaching a maximum in November. Inulin reached a maximum mDP of about 15 in September, than gradually decreased. Based on the changes observed in the pattern of inulin accumulation, we defined three different phases in the growing season and analyzed product formation, enzyme activity and gene expression in these defined periods. The results were validated by performing experiments under controlled conditions in climate rooms. Our results show that the decrease in 1-SST that starts in June is not regulated by day length and temperature. From mid-September onwards, the mean degree of polymerization (mDP) decreased gradually although inulin yield still increased. The decrease in mDP combined with increased yield results from fructan exohydrolase activity, induced by low temperature, and the back transfer activity of 1-FFT. Overall, this study provides background information on how to improve inulin yield and quality in chicory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen van Arkel
- Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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29
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Zuther E, Hoermiller II, Heyer AG. Evidence against sink limitation by the sucrose-to-starch route in potato plants expressing fructosyltransferases. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2011; 143:115-125. [PMID: 21679192 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To investigate whether the route from sucrose to starch limits sink strength of potato tubers, we established an additional storage carbohydrate pool and analyzed allocation of imported assimilates to the different pools. Tuber specific expression of the fructan biosynthetic enzymes of globe artichoke resulted in accumulation of fructans to about 5% of the starch level, but did not increase tuber dry weight per plant. While partial repression of starch synthesis caused yield reduction in wild-type plants, it stimulated fructan accumulation, and yield losses were ameliorated in tubers expressing fructosyltransferases. However, a nearly complete block of the starch pathway by inhibition of sucrose synthase could not be compensated by the fructan pathway. Although fructan concentrations rose, yield reduction was even enhanced, probably because of a futile cycle of fructan synthesis and degradation by invertase, which is induced when sucrose synthase is knocked out. The data do not support a limitation of sink strength by enzyme activities of the starch pathway but point to an energy limitation of storage carbohydrate formation in potato tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Zuther
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany
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30
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Milani E, Koocheki A, Golimovahhed QA. Extraction of inulin from Burdock root (Arctium lappa) using high intensity ultrasound. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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31
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Del Viso F, Casabuono AC, Couto AS, Hopp HE, Puebla AF, Heinz RA. Functional characterization of a sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase of the cold-resistant grass Bromus pictus by heterelogous expression in Pichia pastoris and Nicotiana tabacum and its involvement in freezing tolerance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:493-9. [PMID: 20828870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported the molecular characterization of a putative sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT) of Bromus pictus, a graminean species from Patagonia, tolerant to cold and drought. Here, this enzyme was functionally characterized by heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris and Nicotiana tabacum. Recombinant P. pastoris Bp6-SFT showed comparable characteristics to barley 6-SFT and an evident fructosyltransferase activity synthesizing bifurcose from sucrose and 1-kestotriose. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing Bp6-SFT, showed fructosyltransferase activity and fructan accumulation in leaves. Bp6-SFT plants exposed to freezing conditions showed a significantly lower electrolyte leakage in leaves compared to control plants, indicating less membrane damage. Concomitantly these transgenic plants resumed growth more rapidly than control ones. These results indicate that Bp6-SFT transgenic tobacco plants that accumulate fructan showed enhanced freezing tolerance compared to control plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Del Viso
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA Castelar) (1686), Hurlingham, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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32
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Goldman IL. Molecular breeding of healthy vegetables. EMBO Rep 2011; 12:96-102. [PMID: 21252942 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2010.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irwin L Goldman
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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33
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Granell A, Fernández del-Carmen A, Orzáez D. In planta production of plant-derived and non-plant-derived adjuvants. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:843-58. [PMID: 20673009 DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant antigen production in plants is a safe and economically sound strategy for vaccine development, particularly for oral/mucosal vaccination, but subunit vaccines usually suffer from weak immunogenicity and require adjuvants that escort the antigens, target them to relevant sites and/or activate antigen-presenting cells for elicitation of protective immunity. Genetic fusions of antigens with bacterial adjuvants as the B subunit of the cholera toxin have been successful in inducing protective immunity of plant-made vaccines. In addition, several plant compounds, mainly plant defensive molecules as lectins and saponins, have shown strong adjuvant activities. The molecular diversity of the plant kingdom offers a vast source of non-bacterial compounds with adjuvant activity, which can be assayed in emerging plant manufacturing systems for the design of new plant vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain
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34
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McGloughlin MN. Modifying agricultural crops for improved nutrition. N Biotechnol 2010; 27:494-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Pandey A, Kamle M, Yadava L, Muthukumar M, Kumar P, Gupta V, Ashfaque M, Pandey B. Genetically Modified Food: Its uses, Future Prospects and Safety Assessments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2010.444.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study to establish the bifidogenic effect of a very-long-chain inulin extracted from globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus) in healthy human subjects. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:1007-17. [PMID: 20591206 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510001571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the use of inulins as substrates for the selective growth of beneficial gut bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli because recent studies have established that their prebiotic effect is linked to several health benefits. In the present study, the impact of a very-long-chain inulin (VLCI), derived from globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus), on the human intestinal microbiota compared with maltodextrin was determined. A double-blind, cross-over study was carried out in thirty-two healthy adults who were randomised into two groups and consumed 10 g/d of either VLCI or maltodextrin, for two 3-week study periods, separated by a 3-week washout period. Numbers of faecal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were significantly higher upon VLCI ingestion compared with the placebo. Additionally, levels of Atopobium group significantly increased, while Bacteroides-Prevotella numbers were significantly reduced. No significant changes in faecal SCFA concentrations were observed. There were no adverse gastrointestinal symptoms apart from a significant increase in mild and moderate bloating upon VLCI ingestion. These observations were also confirmed by in vitro gas production measurements. In conclusion, daily consumption of VLCI extracted from globe artichoke exerted a pronounced prebiotic effect on the human faecal microbiota composition and was well tolerated by all volunteers.
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Leroy G, Grongnet JF, Mabeau S, Corre DL, Baty-Julien C. Changes in inulin and soluble sugar concentration in artichokes (Cynara scolymus L.) during storage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:1203-1209. [PMID: 20394002 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) accumulates about 50-70 g kg(-1) of its fresh weight as inulin-type fructan. Inulin fermentation increases gas production and thereby provokes intestinal discomfort in some people. The present research focuses on the changes in carbohydrate composition occurring in artichoke heads during storage under different conditions (18 degrees C, 4 degrees C and 4 degrees C under polypropylene film packing). RESULTS Carbohydrate content and composition were determined by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Storage time caused a decrease in inulin content and an average degree of polymerization, accompanied by an increase of free fructose and sucrose due to depolymerization of inulin. CONCLUSION Higher-temperature storage and storage without packing induce strong carbohydrate changes. Thereby, eating stored artichoke leads to consumption of an inulin quantity that does not provoke unwanted symptoms related to gas production but sufficient to have a prebiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Leroy
- Bretagne Biotechnologie Végétale, Penn-Ar-Prat, F-29250 Saint Pol de Léon, France.
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Abstract
Plant-based foods offer an array of nutrients that are essential for human nutrition and promote good health. However, the major staple crops of the world are often deficient in some of these nutrients. Traditional agricultural approaches can marginally enhance the nutritional value of some foods, but the advances in molecular biology are rapidly being exploited to engineer crops with enhanced key nutrients. Nutritional targets include elevated mineral content, improved fatty acid composition, increased amino acid levels, and heightened antioxidant levels. Unfortunately, in many cases the benefits of these "biofortified" crops to human nutrition have not been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendal D Hirschi
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030-2600, USA.
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Livingston DP, Hincha DK, Heyer AG. Fructan and its relationship to abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2007-23. [PMID: 19290476 PMCID: PMC2705711 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have been published that attempted to correlate fructan concentrations with freezing and drought tolerance. Studies investigating the effect of fructan on liposomes indicated that a direct interaction between membranes and fructan was possible. This new area of research began to move fructan and its association with stress beyond mere correlation by confirming that fructan has the capacity to stabilize membranes during drying by inserting at least part of the polysaccharide into the lipid headgroup region of the membrane. This helps prevent leakage when water is removed from the system either during freezing or drought. When plants were transformed with the ability to synthesize fructan, a concomitant increase in drought and/or freezing tolerance was confirmed. These experiments indicate that besides an indirect effect of supplying tissues with hexose sugars, fructan has a direct protective effect that can be demonstrated by both model systems and genetic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Livingston
- USDA and North Carolina State University, 840 Method Road, Unit 3, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Sharma AK, Sharma MK. Plants as bioreactors: Recent developments and emerging opportunities. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:811-832. [PMID: 19576278 PMCID: PMC7125752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of plants as bioreactors has emerged as an exciting area of research and significant advances have created new opportunities. The driving forces behind the rapid growth of plant bioreactors include low production cost, product safety and easy scale up. As the yield and concentration of a product is crucial for commercial viability, several strategies have been developed to boost up protein expression in transgenic plants. Augmenting tissue-specific transcription, elevating transcript stability, tissue-specific targeting, translation optimization and sub-cellular accumulation are some of the strategies employed. Various kinds of products that are currently being produced in plants include vaccine antigens, medical diagnostics proteins, industrial and pharmaceutical proteins, nutritional supplements like minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates and biopolymers. A large number of plant-derived recombinant proteins have reached advanced clinical trials. A few of these products have already been introduced in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Manoj K Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
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Tamura KI, Kawakami A, Sanada Y, Tase K, Komatsu T, Yoshida M. Cloning and functional analysis of a fructosyltransferase cDNA for synthesis of highly polymerized levans in timothy (Phleum pratense L.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:893-905. [PMID: 19269996 PMCID: PMC2652063 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Variation in the structures of plant fructans and their degree of polymerization (DP) can be explained as the result of diverse combinations of fructosyltransferases (FTs) with different properties. Although FT genes have been isolated in a range of plant species, sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT) cDNAs have only been functionally characterized in a few species such as wheat. A novel FT cDNA possessing 6-SFT activity has been identified and characterized from the temperate forage grass, timothy (Phleum pratense L.). The cDNA of an FT homolog, PpFT1, was isolated from cold-acclimated timothy. A recombinant PpFT1 protein expressed in Pichia pastoris showed 6-SFT/sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST) activity and produced linear beta(2,6)-linked levans from sucrose with higher DPs than present in graminans formed in vitro by wheat 6-SFT (Wft1). PpFT1 and Wft1 showed remarkably different acceptor substrate specificities: PpFT1 had high affinity for 6-kestotriose to produce levans and low affinity for 1-kestotriose, whereas Wft1 preferentially used 1-kestotriose as an acceptor. The affinity of the PpFT1 recombinant enzyme for sucrose as a substrate was lower than that of the Wft1 recombinant enzyme. It is also confirmed that timothy seedlings had elevated levels of PpFT1 transcripts during the accumulation of fructans under high sucrose and cold conditions. Our results suggest that PpFT1 is a novel cDNA with unique enzymatic properties that differ from those of previously cloned plant 6-SFTs, and is involved in the synthesis of highly polymerized levans in timothy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Tamura
- National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Hitsujigaoka 1, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan.
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Becker R, Behrendt U, Hommel B, Kropf S, Ulrich A. Effects of transgenic fructan-producing potatoes on the community structure of rhizosphere and phyllosphere bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2008; 66:411-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Gadegaard G, Didion T, Folling M, Storgaard M, Andersen CH, Nielsen KK. Improved fructan accumulation in perennial ryegrass transformed with the onion fructosyltransferase genes 1-SST and 6G-FFT. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 165:1214-1225. [PMID: 17933422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2007.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate limitation has been identified as a main cause of inefficient nitrogen use in ruminant animals, which feed mainly on fresh forage, hay and silage. This inefficiency results in suboptimal meat and milk productivity. One important molecular breeding strategy is to improve the nutritional value of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) by increasing the fructan content through expression of heterologous fructan biosynthetic genes. We developed perennial ryegrass lines expressing sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase and fructan:fructan 6G-fructosyltransferase genes from onion (Allium cepa) which exhibited up to a 3-fold increased fructan content. Further, the high fructan content was stable during the growth period, whereas the fructan content in an elite variety, marketed as a high sugar variety, dropped rapidly after reaching its maximum and subsequently remained low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Gadegaard
- Department of Biosystems, Risoe National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Newell-McGloughlin M. Nutritionally improved agricultural crops. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 147:939-53. [PMID: 18612071 PMCID: PMC2442550 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.121947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Newell-McGloughlin
- University of California, Systemwide Biotechnology Research and Education Program, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Chapter 1: Background and Introduction to Case Studies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2007.00029_3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chapter 2: Recent Developments in the Safety and Nutritional Assessment of Nutritionally Improved Foods and Feeds. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2007.00029_4.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Le Roy K, Vergauwen R, Cammaer V, Yoshida M, Kawakami A, Van Laere A, Van den Ende W. Fructan 1-exohydrolase is associated with flower opening in Campanula rapunculoides. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2007; 34:972-983. [PMID: 32689425 DOI: 10.1071/fp07125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fructans, typically reserve carbohydrates, may also fulfil other more specific roles in plants. It has been convincingly demonstrated that fructan hydrolysis contributes to osmoregulation during flower opening in the monocot species Hemerocallis. We report that a massive breakdown of inulin-type fructans in the petals of Campanula rapunculoides L. (Campanulaceae), associated with flower opening, is accompanied by a strong increase in fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH; EC 3.2.1.153) activity and a decrease in sucrose : sucrose 1-fructosyl transferase (1-SST; EC 2.4.1.99) activity. The data strongly suggest that the drastic change in the 1-FEH/1-SST activity ratio causes the degradation of inulin, contributing to the osmotic driving force involved in flower opening. All characterised plant FEHs are believed to be derived from tissues that store fructans as a reserve carbohydrate either temporarily (grasses and cereals) or over a longer term (dicot roots and tubers). Here, we focussed on a physiologically distinct tissue and used a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction based strategy to clone the 1-FEH cDNA from the Campanula petals. The translated cDNA sequence groups along with other dicot FEHs and heterologous expression revealed that the cDNA encodes a 1-FEH without invertase activity. 1-FEH expression analysis in petals correlates well with 1-FEH activity and inulin degradation patterns in vivo, suggesting that this enzyme fulfils an important role during flower opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Le Roy
- Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Plantenfysiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Departement Biologie, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Rudy Vergauwen
- Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Plantenfysiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Departement Biologie, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Veerle Cammaer
- Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Plantenfysiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Departement Biologie, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Midori Yoshida
- National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Kawakami
- National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan
| | - André Van Laere
- Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Plantenfysiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Departement Biologie, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Plantenfysiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Departement Biologie, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Davies KM. Genetic modification of plant metabolism for human health benefits. Mutat Res 2007; 622:122-37. [PMID: 17382356 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable research progress over the past decade on elucidating biosynthetic pathways for important human health components of crops. This has enabled the use of genetic modification (GM) techniques to develop crop varieties with increased amounts of essential vitamins and minerals, and improved profiles of 'nutraceutical' compounds. Much of the research into vitamins and minerals has focused on generating new varieties of staple crops to improve the diet of populations in developing nations. Of particular note is the development of new rice lines with increased amounts of provitamin A and iron. Research on modifying production of nutraceuticals has generally been aimed at generating new crops for markets in the developed nations, commonly to deliver distinctive cultivars with high consumer appeal. Most progress on nutraceuticals has been made with just a few types of metabolites to date, in particular in the production of novel long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in oil-seed crops and to increase amounts of flavonoids and carotenoids in tomato and potato. However, given the rapid progress on elucidating plant metabolite biosynthetic pathways, wide-ranging success with metabolic engineering for levels of human health-related compounds in plants would be expected in the near future. A key aspect for future success will be better medical information to guide metabolic engineering endeavors. Although the desired levels of many vitamins are known, detailed information is lacking for most of the nutraceuticals that have attracted much interest over the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Davies
- New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11-600, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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