1
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He Y, Qi S, Chen L, Zhu J, Liang L, Chen X, Zhang H, Zhuo L, Zhao S, Liu S, Xie T. The roles and mechanisms of SREBP1 in cancer development and drug response. Genes Dis 2024; 11:100987. [PMID: 38560498 PMCID: PMC10978545 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer occurrence and development are closely related to increased lipid production and glucose consumption. Lipids are the basic component of the cell membrane and play a significant role in cancer cell processes such as cell-to-cell recognition, signal transduction, and energy supply, which are vital for cancer cell rapid proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1) is a key transcription factor regulating the expression of genes related to cholesterol biosynthesis, lipid homeostasis, and fatty acid synthesis. In addition, SREBP1 and its upstream or downstream target genes are implicated in various metabolic diseases, particularly cancer. However, no review of SREBP1 in cancer biology has yet been published. Herein, we summarized the roles and mechanisms of SREBP1 biological processes in cancer cells, including SREBP1 modification, lipid metabolism and reprogramming, glucose and mitochondrial metabolism, immunity, and tumor microenvironment, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. Additionally, we discussed the potential role of SREBP1 in cancer prognosis, drug response such as drug sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and the potential drugs targeting SREBP1 and its corresponding pathway, elucidating the potential clinical application based on SREBP1 and its corresponding signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Shasha Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Jinyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Linda Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Lvjia Zhuo
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Shuiping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
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2
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Gao Y, Feng C, Ma J, Yan Q. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs): Orchestrators of cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy dynamics, and drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116048. [PMID: 38346542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Protein Arginine Methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes regulating protein arginine methylation, which is a post-translational modification crucial for various cellular processes. Recent studies have highlighted the mechanistic role of PRMTs in cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy, and drug resistance. PRMTs are involved in diverse oncogenic processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. They exert their effects by methylation of histones, transcription factors, and other regulatory proteins, resulting in altered gene expression patterns. PRMT-mediated histone methylation can lead to aberrant chromatin remodeling and epigenetic changes that drive oncogenesis. Additionally, PRMTs can directly interact with key signaling pathways involved in cancer progression, such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, thereby modulating cell survival and proliferation. In the context of cancer immunotherapy, PRMTs have emerged as critical regulators of immune responses. They modulate immune checkpoint molecules, including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), through arginine methylation. Drug resistance is a significant challenge in cancer treatment, and PRMTs have been implicated in this phenomenon. PRMTs can contribute to drug resistance through multiple mechanisms, including the epigenetic regulation of drug efflux pumps, altered DNA damage repair, and modulation of cell survival pathways. In conclusion, PRMTs play critical roles in cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy, and drug resistance. In this overview, we have endeavored to illuminate the mechanistic intricacies of PRMT-mediated processes. Shedding light on these aspects will offer valuable insights into the fundamental biology of cancer and establish PRMTs as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Chongchong Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Jingru Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Qingzhu Yan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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3
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Zheng K, Chen S, Ren Z, Wang Y. Protein arginine methylation in viral infection and antiviral immunity. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:5292-5318. [PMID: 37928266 PMCID: PMC10620831 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.89498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT)-mediated arginine methylation is an important post-transcriptional modification that regulates various cellular processes including epigenetic gene regulation, genome stability maintenance, RNA metabolism, and stress-responsive signal transduction. The varying substrates and biological functions of arginine methylation in cancer and neurological diseases have been extensively discussed, providing a rationale for targeting PRMTs in clinical applications. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated an interplay between arginine methylation and viral infections. PRMTs have been found to methylate and regulate several host cell proteins and different functional types of viral proteins, such as viral capsids, mRNA exporters, transcription factors, and latency regulators. This modulation affects their activity, subcellular localization, protein-nucleic acid and protein-protein interactions, ultimately impacting their roles in various virus-associated processes. In this review, we discuss the classification, structure, and regulation of PRMTs and their pleiotropic biological functions through the methylation of histones and non-histones. Additionally, we summarize the broad spectrum of PRMT substrates and explore their intricate effects on various viral infection processes and antiviral innate immunity. Thus, comprehending the regulation of arginine methylation provides a critical foundation for understanding the pathogenesis of viral diseases and uncovering opportunities for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Innovative Technology Research on Natural Products and Cosmetics Raw Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Innovative Technology Research on Natural Products and Cosmetics Raw Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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4
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Chang K, Gao D, Yan J, Lin L, Cui T, Lu S. Critical Roles of Protein Arginine Methylation in the Central Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6060-6091. [PMID: 37415067 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A remarkable post-transitional modification of both histones and non-histone proteins is arginine methylation. Methylation of arginine residues is crucial for a wide range of cellular process, including signal transduction, DNA repair, gene expression, mRNA splicing, and protein interaction. Arginine methylation is modulated by arginine methyltransferases and demethylases, like protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMTs) and Jumonji C (JmjC) domain containing (JMJD) proteins. Symmetric dimethylarginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine, metabolic products of the PRMTs and JMJD proteins, can be changed by abnormal expression of these proteins. Many pathologies including cancer, inflammation and immune responses have been closely linked to aberrant arginine methylation. Currently, the majority of the literature discusses the substrate specificity and function of arginine methylation in the pathogenesis and prognosis of cancers. Numerous investigations on the roles of arginine methylation in the central nervous system (CNS) have so far been conducted. In this review, we display the biochemistry of arginine methylation and provide an overview of the regulatory mechanism of arginine methyltransferases and demethylases. We also highlight physiological functions of arginine methylation in the CNS and the significance of arginine methylation in a variety of neurological diseases such as brain cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, we summarize PRMT inhibitors and molecular functions of arginine methylation. Finally, we pose important questions that require further research to comprehend the roles of arginine methylation in the CNS and discover more effective targets for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Chang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jidong Yan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liyan Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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5
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Bondoc TJ, Lowe TL, Clarke SG. The exquisite specificity of human protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) toward Arg-X-Arg sites. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285812. [PMID: 37216364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) has been shown to target substrates with motifs containing two arginine residues separated by one other residue (RXR motifs). In particular, the repression domain of human histone H2B (29-RKRSR-33) has been a key substrate in determining PRMT7 activity. We show that incubating human PRMT7 and [3H]-AdoMet with full-length Xenopus laevis histone H2B, containing the substitutions K30R and R31K (RKRSR to RRKSR), results in greatly reduced methylation activity. Using synthetic peptides, we have now focused on the enzymology behind this specificity. We show for the human and Xenopus peptide sequences 23-37 the difference in activity results from changes in the Vmax rather than the apparent binding affinity of the enzyme for the substrates. We then characterized six additional peptides containing a single arginine or a pair of arginine residues flanked by glycine and lysine residues. We have corroborated previous findings that peptides with an RXR motif have much higher activity than peptides that contain only one Arg residue. We show that these peptides have similar apparent km values but significant differences in their Vmax values. Finally, we have examined the effect of ionic strength on these peptides. We found the inclusion of salt had little effect on the Vmax value but a considerable increase in the apparent km value, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of ionic strength on PRMT7 activity occurs largely by decreasing apparent substrate-enzyme binding affinity. In summary, we find that even subtle substitutions in the RXR recognition motif can dramatically affect PRMT7 catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Bondoc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Troy L Lowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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6
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Mendoza M, Mendoza M, Lubrino T, Briski S, Osuji I, Cuala J, Ly B, Ocegueda I, Peralta H, Garcia BA, Zurita-Lopez CI. Arginine Methylation of the PGC-1α C-Terminus Is Temperature-Dependent. Biochemistry 2023; 62:22-34. [PMID: 36535003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We set out to determine whether the C-terminus (amino acids 481-798) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α, UniProt Q9UBK2), a regulatory metabolic protein involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, and respiration, is an arginine methyltransferase substrate. Arginine methylation by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) alters protein function and thus contributes to various cellular processes. In addition to confirming methylation of the C-terminus by PRMT1 as described in the literature, we have identified methylation by another member of the PRMT family, PRMT7. We performed in vitro methylation reactions using recombinant mammalian PRMT7 and PRMT1 at 37, 30, 21, 18, and 4 °C. Various fragments of PGC-1α corresponding to the C-terminus were used as substrates, and the methylation reactions were analyzed by fluorography and mass spectrometry to determine the extent of methylation throughout the substrates, the location of the methylated PGC-1α arginine residues, and finally, whether temperature affects the deposition of methyl groups. We also employed two prediction programs, PRmePRed and MePred-RF, to search for putative methyltransferase sites. Methylation reactions show that arginine residues R548 and R753 in PGC-1α are methylated at or below 30 °C by PRMT7, while methylation by PRMT1 was detected at these same residues at 30 °C. Computational approaches yielded additional putative methylarginine sites, indicating that since PGC-1α is an intrinsically disordered protein, additional methylated arginine residues have yet to be experimentally verified. We conclude that temperature affects the extent of arginine methylation, with more methylation by PRMT7 occurring below physiological temperature, uncovering an additional control point for PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Mariel Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tiffany Lubrino
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Chapman University, 450 N. Center Street, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Sidney Briski
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Chapman University, 450 N. Center Street, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Immaculeta Osuji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Janielle Cuala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Brendan Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Ivan Ocegueda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Harvey Peralta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Cecilia I Zurita-Lopez
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Chapman University, 450 N. Center Street, Orange, California 92866, United States
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7
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Fang WJ, Li XM, Zhou XK, Xiong Y. Resveratrol improves diabetic cardiomyopathy by preventing asymmetric dimethylarginine-caused peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α acetylation. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 936:175342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Qin J, Xu J. Arginine methylation in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. FEBS J 2022; 289:7292-7303. [PMID: 34358413 PMCID: PMC10181118 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal characteristics during embryonic development, wound healing, fibrosis, and in cancer in a processed termed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Regulatory networks of EMT are controlled by post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational mechanisms, in which arginine methylation is critically involved. Here, we review arginine methylation-dependent mechanisms that regulate EMT in the aspects of signaling, transcriptional, and splicing regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qin
- Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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9
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Sauter C, Simonet J, Guidez F, Dumétier B, Pernon B, Callanan M, Bastie JN, Aucagne R, Delva L. Protein Arginine Methyltransferases as Therapeutic Targets in Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5443. [PMID: 36358861 PMCID: PMC9657843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification affecting protein activity and the transcription of target genes when methylation occurs on histone tails. There are nine protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in mammals, divided into subgroups depending on the methylation they form on a molecule of arginine. During the formation and maturation of the different types of blood cells, PRMTs play a central role by controlling cell differentiation at the transcriptional level. PRMT enzymatic activity is necessary for many cellular processes in hematological malignancies, such as the activation of cell cycle and proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, DNA repair processes, RNA splicing, and transcription by methylating histone tails' arginine. Chemical tools have been developed to inhibit the activity of PRMTs and have been tested in several models of hematological malignancies, including primary samples from patients, xenografts into immunodeficient mice, mouse models, and human cell lines. They show a significant effect by reducing cell viability and increasing the overall survival of mice. PRMT5 inhibitors have a strong therapeutic potential, as phase I clinical trials in hematological malignancies that use these molecules show promising results, thus, underlining PRMT inhibitors as useful therapeutic tools for cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Sauter
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - John Simonet
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Fabien Guidez
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Baptiste Dumétier
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Baptiste Pernon
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mary Callanan
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Unit for Innovation in Genetics and Epigenetic in Oncology (IGEO)/CRIGEN Core Facility, University Hospital François Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Noël Bastie
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital François Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Romain Aucagne
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Unit for Innovation in Genetics and Epigenetic in Oncology (IGEO)/CRIGEN Core Facility, University Hospital François Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Delva
- Inserm U1231, Team Epi2THM, LipSTIC Labex, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
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10
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Human Protein Arginine Methyltransferases (PRMTs) Can Be Optimally Active Under Non-Physiological Conditions. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102290. [PMID: 35868559 PMCID: PMC9418908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is involved in many biological processes and can be enhanced in cancer. In mammals, these reactions are catalyzed on multiple substrates by a family of nine protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). However, conditions that may regulate the activity of each enzyme and that may help us understand the physiological role of PRMTs have not been fully established. Previous studies had suggested unexpected effects of temperature and ionic strength on PRMT7 activity. Here we examine in detail the effects of temperature, pH, and ionic strength on recombinant human PRMT1, PRMT5, and PRMT7. We confirmed the unusual temperature dependence of PRMT7, where optimal activity was observed at 15 °C. On the other hand, we found that PRMT1 and PRMT5 are most active near physiological temperatures of 37 °C. However, we showed all three enzymes still have significant activity at 0 °C. Furthermore, we determined that PRMT1 is most active at a pH of about 7.7, while PRMT5 activity is not dependent on pH in the range of 6.5 to 8.5. Significantly, PRMT7 is most active at an alkaline pH of 8.5 but shows little activity at the physiological intracellular pH of about 7.2. We also detected decreased activity at physiological salt conditions for PRMT1, PRMT5, and PRMT7. We demonstrate that the loss of activity is due to the increasing ionic strength. Taken together, these results open the possibility that PRMTs respond in cells undergoing temperature, salt, or pH stress and demonstrate the potential for in vivo regulation of protein arginine methylation.
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Srour N, Khan S, Richard S. The Influence of Arginine Methylation in Immunity and Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2939-2958. [PMID: 35602664 PMCID: PMC9114649 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s364190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration in the field of epigenetics has revealed that protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) contribute to disease, and this has given way to the development of specific small molecule compounds that inhibit arginine methylation. Protein arginine methylation is known to regulate fundamental cellular processes, such as transcription; pre-mRNA splicing and other RNA processing mechanisms; signal transduction, including the anti-viral response; and cellular metabolism. PRMTs are also implicated in the regulation of physiological processes, including embryonic development, myogenesis, and the immune system. Finally, the dysregulation of PRMTs is apparent in cancer, neurodegeneration, muscular disorders, and during inflammation. Herein, we review the functions of PRMTs in immunity and inflammation. We also discuss recent progress with PRMTs regarding the modulation of gene expression related to T and B lymphocyte differentiation, germinal center dynamics, and anti-viral signaling responses, as well as the clinical relevance of using PRMT inhibitors alone or in combination with other drugs to treat cancer, immune, and inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivine Srour
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics, and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sarah Khan
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics, and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Stephane Richard
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics, and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Correspondence: Stephane Richard, Email
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12
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PRMT7 ablation stimulates anti-tumor immunity and sensitizes melanoma to immune checkpoint blockade. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110582. [PMID: 35354055 PMCID: PMC9838175 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for cancer, resistance and relapse are frequent. Combination therapies are expected to enhance response rates and overcome this resistance. Herein, we report that combining PRMT7 inhibition with ICI therapy induces a strong anti-tumor T cell immunity and restrains tumor growth in vivo by increasing immune cell infiltration. PRMT7-deficient B16.F10 melanoma exhibits increased expression of genes in the interferon pathway, antigen presentation, and chemokine signaling. PRMT7 deficiency or inhibition with SGC3027 in B16.F10 melanoma results in reduced DNMT expression, loss of DNA methylation in the regulatory regions of endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs) causing their increased expression. PRMT7-deficient cells increase RIG-I and MDA5 expression with a reduction in the H4R3me2s repressive histone mark at their gene promoters. Our findings identify PRMT7 as a regulatory checkpoint for RIG-I, MDA5, and their ERV-double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) ligands, facilitating immune escape and anti-tumor T cell immunity to restrain tumor growth.
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13
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Xu J, Richard S. Cellular pathways influenced by protein arginine methylation: Implications for cancer. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4357-4368. [PMID: 34619091 PMCID: PMC8571027 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arginine methylation is an influential post-translational modification occurring on histones, RNA binding proteins, and many other cellular proteins, affecting their function by altering their protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions. Recently, a wealth of information has been gathered, implicating protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), enzymes that deposit arginine methylation, in transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, DNA damage signaling, and immune signaling with major implications for cancer therapy, especially immunotherapy. This review summarizes this recent progress and the current state of PRMT inhibitors, some in clinical trials, as promising drug targets for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, and Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
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14
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PRMT5: An Emerging Target for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205136. [PMID: 34680285 PMCID: PMC8534199 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The burden of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) increases with rising incidence, yet 5-year overall survival remains poor at 17%. Routine comprehensive genomic profiling of PDAC only finds 2.5% of patients who may benefit and receive matched targeted therapy. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as an anti-cancer target has gained significant interest in recent years and high levels of PRMT5 protein are associated with worse survival outcomes across multiple cancer types. Inhibition of PRMT5 in pre-clinical models can lead to cancer growth inhibition. However, PRMT5 is involved in multiple cellular processes, thus determining its mechanism of action is challenging. While past reviews on PRMT5 have focused on its role in diverse cellular processes and past research studies have focused mainly on haematological malignancies and glioblastoma, this review provides an overview of the possible biological mechanisms of action of PRMT5 inhibition and its potential as a treatment in pancreatic cancer. Abstract The overall survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains poor and its incidence is rising. Targetable mutations in PDAC are rare, thus novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) overexpression is associated with worse survival and inhibition of PRMT5 results in decreased cancer growth across multiple cancers, including PDAC. Emerging evidence also suggests that altered RNA processing is a driver in PDAC tumorigenesis and creates a partial dependency on this process. PRMT5 inhibition induces altered splicing and this vulnerability can be exploited as a novel therapeutic approach. Three possible biological pathways underpinning the action of PRMT5 inhibitors are discussed; c-Myc regulation appears central to its action in the PDAC setting. Whilst homozygous MTAP deletion and symmetrical dimethylation levels are associated with increased sensitivity to PRMT5 inhibition, neither measure robustly predicts its growth inhibitory response. The immunomodulatory effect of PRMT5 inhibitors on the tumour microenvironment will also be discussed, based on emerging evidence that PDAC stroma has a significant bearing on disease behaviour and response to therapy. Lastly, with the above caveats in mind, current knowledge gaps and the implications and rationales for PRMT5 inhibitor development in PDAC will be explored.
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15
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Wu G, Peng H, Tang M, Yang M, Wang J, Hu Y, Li Z, Li J, Li Z, Song L. ZNF711 down-regulation promotes CISPLATIN resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer via interacting with JHDM2A and suppressing SLC31A1 expression. EBioMedicine 2021; 71:103558. [PMID: 34521054 PMCID: PMC8441092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy is a major cause of therapeutic failure during the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. Our study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which ZNF711 down regulation promotes CISPLATIN resistance in EOC. Methods ZNF711 expression in 150 EOC specimens was examined using immunohistochemistry. ZNF711 expression and the survival of EOC patients were assessed with a Kaplan-Meier analysis. The effects of ZNF711 expression on CDDP resistance were studied by IC50, Annexin V, and colony formation in vitro, and in an in vivo intra-peritoneal tumor model. The molecular mechanism was determined using a luciferase reporter assay, ChIP assay, CAPTURE approach, and co-IP assay. Findings ZNF711 down-regulation exerts a great impact on CDDP resistance for EOC patients by suppressing SLC31A1 and inhibiting CDDP influx. ZNF711 down-regulation promoted, while ZNF711 overexpression drastically inhibited CDDP resistance, both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, the histone demethylase JHDM2A was recruited to the SLC31A1 promoter by ZNF711 and decreased the H3K9me2 level, resulting in the activation of SLC31A1 transcription and enhancement of CDDP uptake. Importantly, co-treatment with the histone methylation inhibitor, BIX-01294, increased the therapeutic efficacy of CDDP treatment in ZNF711-suppressed EOC cells. Interpretation These findings both verified the clinical importance of ZNF711 in CDDP resistance and provide novel therapeutic regimens for EOC treatment. Funding This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China; Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Projects; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province; The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hu Peng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Miaoling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Meisongzhu Yang
- Department of biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yameng Hu
- Department of biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziwen Li
- Department of biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), Kunming 650118, China.
| | - Libing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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16
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Fulton MD, Cao M, Ho MC, Zhao X, Zheng YG. The macromolecular complexes of histones affect protein arginine methyltransferase activities. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101123. [PMID: 34492270 PMCID: PMC8511957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone arginine methylation is a key post-translational modification that mediates epigenetic events that activate or repress gene transcription. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are the driving force for the process of arginine methylation, and the core histone proteins have been shown to be substrates for most PRMT family members. However, previous reports of the enzymatic activities of PRMTs on histones in the context of nucleosomes seem contradictory. Moreover, what governs nucleosomal substrate recognition of different PRMT members is not understood. We sought to address this key biological question by examining how different macromolecular contexts where the core histones reside may regulate arginine methylation catalyzed by individual PRMT members (i.e., PRMT1, PRMT3, PRMT4, PRMT5, PRMT6, PRMT7, and PRMT8). Our results demonstrated that the substrate context exhibits a huge impact on the histone arginine methylation activity of PRMTs. Although all the tested PRMTs methylate multiple free histones individually, they show a preference for one particular histone substrate in the context of the histone octamer. We found that PRMT1, PRMT3, PRMT5, PRMT6, PRMT7, and PRMT8 preferentially methylate histone H4, whereas PRMT4/coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 prefers histone H3. Importantly, neither reconstituted nor cell-extracted mononucleosomes could be methylated by any PRMTs tested. Structural analysis suggested that the electrostatic interaction may play a mechanistic role in priming the substrates for methylation by PRMT enzymes. Taken together, this work expands our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of PRMT substrate recognition and has important implications for understanding cellular dynamics and kinetics of histone arginine methylation in regulating gene transcription and other chromatin-templated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody D Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Mengtong Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Meng-Chiao Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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17
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Halabelian L, Barsyte-Lovejoy D. Structure and Function of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT7. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:768. [PMID: 34440512 PMCID: PMC8399567 DOI: 10.3390/life11080768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PRMT7 is a member of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family, which methylates a diverse set of substrates. Arginine methylation as a posttranslational modification regulates protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions, and as such, has been implicated in various biological functions. PRMT7 is a unique, evolutionarily conserved PRMT family member that catalyzes the mono-methylation of arginine. The structural features, functional aspects, and compounds that inhibit PRMT7 are discussed here. Several studies have identified physiological substrates of PRMT7 and investigated the substrate methylation outcomes which link PRMT7 activity to the stress response and RNA biology. PRMT7-driven substrate methylation further leads to the biological outcomes of gene expression regulation, cell stemness, stress response, and cancer-associated phenotypes such as cell migration. Furthermore, organismal level phenotypes of PRMT7 deficiency have uncovered roles in muscle cell physiology, B cell biology, immunity, and brain function. This rapidly growing information on PRMT7 function indicates the critical nature of context-dependent functions of PRMT7 and necessitates further investigation of the PRMT7 interaction partners and factors that control PRMT7 expression and levels. Thus, PRMT7 is an important cellular regulator of arginine methylation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon Halabelian
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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18
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Mulvaney KM, Blomquist C, Acharya N, Li R, Ranaghan MJ, O'Keefe M, Rodriguez DJ, Young MJ, Kesar D, Pal D, Stokes M, Nelson AJ, Jain SS, Yang A, Mullin-Bernstein Z, Columbus J, Bozal FK, Skepner A, Raymond D, LaRussa S, McKinney DC, Freyzon Y, Baidi Y, Porter D, Aguirre AJ, Ianari A, McMillan B, Sellers WR. Molecular basis for substrate recruitment to the PRMT5 methylosome. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3481-3495.e7. [PMID: 34358446 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PRMT5 is an essential arginine methyltransferase and a therapeutic target in MTAP-null cancers. PRMT5 uses adaptor proteins for substrate recruitment through a previously undefined mechanism. Here, we identify an evolutionarily conserved peptide sequence shared among the three known substrate adaptors (CLNS1A, RIOK1, and COPR5) and show that it is necessary and sufficient for interaction with PRMT5. We demonstrate that PRMT5 uses modular adaptor proteins containing a common binding motif for substrate recruitment, comparable with other enzyme classes such as kinases and E3 ligases. We structurally resolve the interface with PRMT5 and show via genetic perturbation that it is required for methylation of adaptor-recruited substrates including the spliceosome, histones, and ribosomal complexes. Furthermore, disruption of this site affects Sm spliceosome activity, leading to intron retention. Genetic disruption of the PRMT5-substrate adaptor interface impairs growth of MTAP-null tumor cells and is thus a site for development of therapeutic inhibitors of PRMT5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J Ranaghan
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Meghan O'Keefe
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam Skepner
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Donald Raymond
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Salvatore LaRussa
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David C McKinney
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dale Porter
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cedilla Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Brian McMillan
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Tango Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William R Sellers
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Liu L, Zhang X, Ding H, Liu X, Cao D, Liu Y, Liu J, Lin C, Zhang N, Wang G, Hou J, Huang B, Zhang Y, Lu J. Arginine and lysine methylation of MRPS23 promotes breast cancer metastasis through regulating OXPHOS. Oncogene 2021; 40:3548-3563. [PMID: 33927350 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a vital regulator of tumor metastasis. However, the mechanisms governing OXPHOS to facilitate tumor metastasis remain unclear. In this study, we discovered that arginine 21(R21) and lysine 108 (K108) of mitochondrial ribosomal protein S23 (MRPS23) was methylated by the protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) and SET-domain-containing protein 6 (SETD6), respectively. R21 methylation accelerated the poly-ubiquitin-dependent degradation of MRPS23 to a low level. The MRPS23 degradation inhibited OXPHOS with elevated mtROS level, which consequently increased breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis. In contrast, K108 methylation increased MRPS23 stability, and K108 methylation coordinated with R21 methylation to maintain a low level of MRPS23, which was in favor of supporting breast cancer cell survival through regulating OXPHOS. Consistently, R21 and K108 methylation was correlated with malignant breast carcinoma. Significantly, our findings unveil a unique mechanism of controlling OXPHOS by arginine and lysine methylation and point to the impact of the PRMT7-SETD6-MRPS23 axis during breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiliu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Huayi Ding
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Cao
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Zhang
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyao Hou
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Baiqu Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
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20
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PRMT5: a putative oncogene and therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 29:264-276. [PMID: 33854218 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) was discovered two decades ago. The first decade focused on the biochemical characterization of PRMT5 as a regulator of many cellular processes in a healthy organism. However, over the past decade, evidence has accumulated to suggest that PRMT5 may function as an oncogene in multiple cancers via both epigenetic and non-epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we focus on recent progress made in prostate cancer, including the role of PRMT5 in the androgen receptor (AR) expression and signaling and DNA damage response, particularly DNA double-strand break repair. We also discuss how PRMT5-interacting proteins that are considered PRMT5 cofactors may cooperate with PRMT5 to regulate PRMT5 activity and target gene expression, and how PRMT5 can interact with other epigenetic regulators implicated in prostate cancer development and progression. Finally, we suggest that targeting PRMT5 may be employed to develop multiple therapeutic approaches to enhance the treatment of prostate cancer.
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21
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Yang M, Lin X, Segers F, Suganthan R, Hildrestrand GA, Rinholm JE, Aas PA, Sousa MML, Holm S, Bolstad N, Warren D, Berge RK, Johansen RF, Yndestad A, Kristiansen E, Klungland A, Luna L, Eide L, Halvorsen B, Aukrust P, Bjørås M. OXR1A, a Coactivator of PRMT5 Regulating Histone Arginine Methylation. Cell Rep 2021; 30:4165-4178.e7. [PMID: 32209476 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidation resistance gene 1 (OXR1) protects cells against oxidative stress. We find that male mice with brain-specific isoform A knockout (Oxr1A-/-) develop fatty liver. RNA sequencing of male Oxr1A-/- liver indicates decreased growth hormone (GH) signaling, which is known to affect liver metabolism. Indeed, Gh expression is reduced in male mice Oxr1A-/- pituitary gland and in rat Oxr1A-/- pituitary adenoma cell-line GH3. Oxr1A-/- male mice show reduced fasting-blood GH levels. Pull-down and proximity ligation assays reveal that OXR1A is associated with arginine methyl transferase PRMT5. OXR1A-depleted GH3 cells show reduced symmetrical dimethylation of histone H3 arginine 2 (H3R2me2s), a product of PRMT5 catalyzed methylation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of H3R2me2s shows reduced Gh promoter enrichment. Finally, we demonstrate with purified proteins that OXR1A stimulates PRMT5/MEP50-catalyzed H3R2me2s. Our data suggest that OXR1A is a coactivator of PRMT5, regulating histone arginine methylation and thereby GH production within the pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiaolin Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Filip Segers
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Per Arne Aas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mirta M L Sousa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility-PROMEC, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sverre Holm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Bolstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Warren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune F Johansen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luisa Luna
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Eide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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22
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Leal JA, Estrada-Tobar ZM, Wade F, Mendiola AJP, Meza A, Mendoza M, Nerenberg PS, Zurita-Lopez CI. Phosphoserine inhibits neighboring arginine methylation in the RKS motif of histone H3. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 698:108716. [PMID: 33309545 PMCID: PMC11028399 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 have been studied in the context of other posttranslational modifications such as lysine methylation. We set out to investigate the impact of phosphoserine-10 on arginine-8 methylation. We performed methylation reactions using peptides based on histone H3 that contain a phosphorylated serine and compared the extent of arginine methylation with unmodified peptides. Results obtained via fluorography indicate that peptides containing a phosphorylated serine-10 inhibit deposition of methyl groups to arginine-8 residues. To further explore the effects of phosphoserine on neighboring arginine residues, we physically characterized the non-covalent interactions between histone H3 phosphoserine-10 and arginine-8 using 31P NMR spectroscopy. A salt bridge was detected between the negatively charged phosphoserine-10 and the positively charged unmodified arginine-8 residue. This salt bridge was not detected when arginine-8 was symmetrically dimethylated. Finally, molecular simulations not only confirm the presence of a salt bridge but also identify a subset of electrostatic interactions present when arginine is replaced with alanine. Taken together, our work suggests that the negatively charged phosphoserine maximizes its interactions. By limiting its exposure and creating new contacts with neighboring residues, it will inhibit deposition of neighboring methyl groups, not through steric hindrance, but by forming intrapeptide interactions that may mask substrate recognition. Our work provides a mechanistic framework for understanding the role of phosphoserine on nearby amino acid residues and arginine methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Leal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Zoila M Estrada-Tobar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Frederick Wade
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Aron Judd P Mendiola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Meza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Mariel Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Paul S Nerenberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Cecilia I Zurita-Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA.
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23
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Fulton MD, Dang T, Brown T, Zheng YG. Effects of substrate modifications on the arginine dimethylation activities of PRMT1 and PRMT5. Epigenetics 2020; 17:1-18. [PMID: 33380261 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1864170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone arginine methylation is a prevalent posttranslational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells and contributes to the histone codes for epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. In this study, we determined how local changes on adjacent residues in the histone H4 substrate regulate arginine asymmetric dimethylation and symmetric dimethylation catalysed by the major protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) enzymes PRMT1 and PRMT5, respectively. We found that phosphorylation at histone H4 Ser-1 site (H4S1) was inhibitory to activities of PRMT1 and PRMT5 in both monomethylating and dimethylating H4R3. Also, a positively charged H4K5 was important for PRMT1 catalysis because acetylation of H4K5 or the loss of the H4K5 ε-amine had a similar effect in reducing the catalytic efficiency of asymmetric dimethylation of H4R3. An opposite effect was observed in that acetylation of H4K5 or the loss of the H4K5 ε-amine enhanced PRMT5-mediated symmetric dimethylation of H4R3. Furthermore, we observed that N-terminal acetylation of H4 modestly decreased asymmetric dimethylation of H4R3 by PRMT1 and symmetric dimethylation of H4R3 by PRMT5. This work highlights the significance of local chemical changes in the substrate to regulating PRMT activity and unravels the pattern complexities and subtleties of histone codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody D Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia,USA
| | - Tran Dang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia,USA
| | - Tyler Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia,USA
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia,USA
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24
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Eddershaw AR, Stubbs CJ, Edwardes LV, Underwood E, Hamm GR, Davey PRJ, Clarkson PN, Syson K. Characterization of the Kinetic Mechanism of Human Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5. Biochemistry 2020; 59:4775-4786. [PMID: 33274632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are of great interest for the development of therapeutics due to their involvement in a number of malignancies, such as lung and colon cancer. PRMT5 catalyzes the formation of symmetrical dimethylarginine of a wide variety of substrates and is responsible for the majority of this mark within cells. To gain insight into the mechanism of PRMT5 inhibition, we co-expressed the human PRMT5:MEP50 complex (hPRMT5:MEP50) in insect cells for a detailed mechanistic study. In this report, we carry out steady state, product, and dead-end inhibitor studies that show hPRMT5:MEP50 uses a rapid equilibrium random order mechanism with EAP and EBQ dead-end complexes. We also provide evidence of ternary complex formation in solution using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Isotope exchange and intact protein mass spectrometry further rule out ping-pong as a potential enzyme mechanism, and finally, we show that PRMT5 exhibits a pre-steady state burst that corresponds to an initial slow turnover with all four active sites of the hetero-octamer being catalytically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Eddershaw
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Christopher J Stubbs
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Lucy V Edwardes
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Elizabeth Underwood
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Gregory R Hamm
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Paul R J Davey
- Chemistry, Oncology, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Paul N Clarkson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Karl Syson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
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25
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Chen M, Wang Y, Lin L, Dong F, Wu H, Bao S, Gao F. PRMT7 is involved in regulation of germ cell proliferation during embryonic stage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:938-944. [PMID: 33008598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Arginine methylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications which is catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Previous studies have demonstrated that Prmt5 plays important role in germ cell development. Prmt7 is the only family member responsible for mono-methylation of arginine residue. However, whether Prmt7 is also involved in germ cell development remains unclear. In this study, we find that PRMT7 is abundantly expressed in the male germ cells during embryonic stage (from E10.5). Depletion of Prmt7 results in the defect of germ cell proliferation during embryonic stage and the number of primordial germ cells is significantly reduced in Prmt7-/- mice at E11.5. We also find that the size of testes is reduced in Prmt7-/- mice at P5 with reduced germ cell number and the diameter of seminiferous tubules. Further study reveals that the expression of BMPs and TGF-β singling pathway is significantly changed in germ cells of Prmt7-/- mice at E12.5. However, no defect of testes development is observed in adult Prmt7-/flox; Mvh-Cre mice. Collectively, this study demonstrates that Prmt7 plays roles in male germ cell proliferation during embryonic stages and it is not required for germ cell development postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Sciences, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Limei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haowei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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26
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Feng Q, Li X, Sun W, Sun M, Li Z, Sheng H, Xie F, Zhang S, Shan C. Targeting G6PD reverses paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer by suppressing GSTP1. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114092. [PMID: 32535103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in women worldwide. Currently, paclitaxel is one of the most effective chemotherapies. However, resistance to paclitaxel is a major cause of therapy failure and the precise mechanism of paclitaxel resistance remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) promotes paclitaxel resistance. We showed that G6PD expression was higher in paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells than in their paclitaxel-sensitive counterparts. Furthermore, we demonstrated that suppressing G6PD using shRNA, or an inhibitor, either as single agents or in combination, sensitized paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells to paclitaxel treatment and thereby improving the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel. Interestingly, we found that the upregulation of G6PD in paclitaxel-resistant cells was due to the decreased expression of protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6), which targets the promoter of G6PD. We further identified that G6PD promotes paclitaxel resistance by regulating the expression of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), which confers resistance to chemotherapy by detoxifying several anticancer drugs. Taken together, our results suggest that G6PD is a novel potential target to overcome paclitaxel resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Feng
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xiuru Li
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Hao Sheng
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Fei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Changliang Shan
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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27
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Pharmacological inhibition of PRMT7 links arginine monomethylation to the cellular stress response. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2396. [PMID: 32409666 PMCID: PMC7224190 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) regulate diverse biological processes and are increasingly being recognized for their potential as drug targets. Here we report the discovery of a potent, selective, and cell-active chemical probe for PRMT7. SGC3027 is a cell permeable prodrug, which in cells is converted to SGC8158, a potent, SAM-competitive PRMT7 inhibitor. Inhibition or knockout of cellular PRMT7 results in drastically reduced levels of arginine monomethylated HSP70 family stress-associated proteins. Structural and biochemical analyses reveal that PRMT7-driven in vitro methylation of HSP70 at R469 requires an ATP-bound, open conformation of HSP70. In cells, SGC3027 inhibits methylation of both constitutive and inducible forms of HSP70, and leads to decreased tolerance for perturbations of proteostasis including heat shock and proteasome inhibitors. These results demonstrate a role for PRMT7 and arginine methylation in stress response. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are increasingly recognized as potential therapeutic targets but PRMT7 remains an understudied member of this enzyme family. Here, the authors develop a chemical probe for PRMT7 and apply it to elucidate the role of PRMT7 in the cellular stress response.
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28
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Srinivasan B, Kantae V, Robinson J. Resurrecting the phoenix: When an assay fails. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1776-1793. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Srinivasan
- Mechanistic Biology and Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - Vasudev Kantae
- Mechanistic Biology and Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - James Robinson
- Mechanistic Biology and Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
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29
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Wang L, Li X, Zhang W, Yang Y, Meng Q, Wang C, Xin X, Jiang X, Song S, Lu Y, Pu H, Gui X, Li T, Xu J, Li J, Jia S, Lu D. miR24-2 Promotes Malignant Progression of Human Liver Cancer Stem Cells by Enhancing Tyrosine Kinase Src Epigenetically. Mol Ther 2020; 28:572-586. [PMID: 31732298 PMCID: PMC7001004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA24-2 (miR24-2) is associated with human tumorigenesis; however, its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Herein, our findings demonstrate that miR24-2 promotes the proliferation ability in vitro and the tumorigenic ability in vivo in human liver cancer stem cells (hLCSCs). Mechanically, the miR24-2 targets for 3' UTR (2,627-2,648) of protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) inhibit the translational ability of prmt7 gene. Moreover, miR24-2 inhibits the di-/tri-methylation of histone H4 arginine 3 by reducing PRMT7 and then promotes the expression of Nanog via long noncoding RNA HULC. Notably, miR24-2 inhibits histone deacetylase HDAC3 through miR675, which promotes the acetylation of histone H4 at lysine 16. Subsequently, miR24-2 enhances the interaction between LC3 and ATG4 dependent on PI3K and triggers cellular autophagy. Strikingly, miR24-2 inhibits the degradation of pyruvate kinase M1 via autophagosome-P62 in hLCSCs. Furthermore, miR24-2 enhances the activity of Src by promoting the binding of PKM1 to the Src promoter regions in hLCSCs. In particular, our results also indicate that src gene determines the oncogenic functions of miR24-2. These results provided a valuable theoretical basis for the discovery of liver cancer therapeutic targets and diagnosis markers based on miR24-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiuyu Meng
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoru Xin
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuting Song
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hu Pu
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xin Gui
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiao Li
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Song Jia
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dongdong Lu
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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30
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Al-Hamashi AA, Diaz K, Huang R. Non-Histone Arginine Methylation by Protein Arginine Methyltransferases. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:699-712. [PMID: 32379587 PMCID: PMC7529871 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200507091952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) enzymes play a crucial role in RNA splicing, DNA damage repair, cell signaling, and differentiation. Arginine methylation is a prominent posttransitional modification of histones and various non-histone proteins that can either activate or repress gene expression. The aberrant expression of PRMTs has been linked to multiple abnormalities, notably cancer. Herein, we review a number of non-histone protein substrates for all nine members of human PRMTs and how PRMT-mediated non-histone arginine methylation modulates various diseases. Additionally, we highlight the most recent clinical studies for several PRMT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad A. Al-Hamashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Bab-almoadham, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Krystal Diaz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
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31
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Shao Q. Effect of conjugated (EK)10 peptide on structural and dynamic properties of ubiquitin protein: a molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6934-6943. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00664e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptide conjugation modulates the stability and biological acitivty of proteins via the allosteric effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shao
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department
- University of Kentucky
- Lexington KY
- USA
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32
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Li ASM, Li F, Eram MS, Bolotokova A, Dela Seña CC, Vedadi M. Chemical probes for protein arginine methyltransferases. Methods 2019; 175:30-43. [PMID: 31809836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the transfer of methyl groups to specific arginine residues of their substrates using S-adenosylmethionine as a methyl donor, contributing to regulation of many biological processes including transcription, and DNA damage repair. Dysregulation of PRMT expression is often associated with various diseases including cancers. Different methods have been used to characterize the activities of PRMTs and determine their kinetic parameters including mass spectrometry, radiometric, and antibody-based assays. Here, we present kinetic characterization of PRMTs using a radioactivity-based assay for better comparison along with previously reported values. We also report on full characterization of PRMT9 activity with SAP145 peptide as substrate. We further review the potent, selective and cell-active PRMT inhibitors discovered in recent years to provide a better understanding of available tools to investigate the roles these proteins play in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Shi Ming Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mohammad S Eram
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Albina Bolotokova
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Carlo C Dela Seña
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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33
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Jarrold J, Davies CC. PRMTs and Arginine Methylation: Cancer's Best-Kept Secret? Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:993-1009. [PMID: 31230909 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is vital for increasing proteome diversity and maintaining cellular homeostasis. If the writing, reading, and removal of modifications are not controlled, cancer can develop. Arginine methylation is an understudied modification that is increasingly associated with cancer progression. Consequently protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), the writers of arginine methylation, have rapidly gained interest as novel drug targets. However, for clinical success a deep mechanistic understanding of the biology of PRMTs is required. In this review we focus on advances made regarding the role of PRMTs in stem cell biology, epigenetics, splicing, immune surveillance and the DNA damage response, and highlight the rapid rise of specific inhibitors that are now in clinical trials for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jarrold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Clare C Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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34
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Rakow S, Pullamsetti SS, Bauer UM, Bouchard C. Assaying epigenome functions of PRMTs and their substrates. Methods 2019; 175:53-65. [PMID: 31542509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the widespread and increasing number of identified post-translational modifications (PTMs), arginine methylation is catalyzed by the protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) and regulates fundamental processes in cells, such as gene regulation, RNA processing, translation, and signal transduction. As epigenetic regulators, PRMTs play key roles in pluripotency, differentiation, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis, which are essential biological programs leading to development, adult homeostasis but also pathological conditions including cancer. A full understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie PRMT-mediated gene regulation requires the genome wide mapping of each player, i.e., PRMTs, their substrates and epigenetic marks, methyl-marks readers as well as interaction partners, in a thorough and unambiguous manner. However, despite the tremendous advances in high throughput sequencing technologies and the numerous efforts from the scientific community, the epigenomic profiling of PRMTs as well as their histone and non-histone substrates still remains a big challenge owing to obvious limitations in tools and methodologies. This review will summarize the present knowledge about the genome wide mapping of PRMTs and their substrates as well as the technical approaches currently in use. The limitations and pitfalls of the technical tools along with conventional approaches will be then discussed in detail. Finally, potential new strategies for chromatin profiling of PRMTs and histone substrates will be proposed and described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinja Rakow
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, BMFZ, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Uta-Maria Bauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, BMFZ, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Bouchard
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, BMFZ, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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Tewary SK, Zheng YG, Ho MC. Protein arginine methyltransferases: insights into the enzyme structure and mechanism at the atomic level. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2917-2932. [PMID: 31123777 PMCID: PMC6741777 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the methyl transfer to the arginine residues of protein substrates and are classified into three major types based on the final form of the methylated arginine. Recent studies have shown a strong correlation between PRMT expression level and the prognosis of cancer patients. Currently, crystal structures of eight PRMT members have been determined. Kinetic and structural studies have shown that all PRMTs share similar, but unique catalytic and substrate recognition mechanism. In this review, we discuss the structural similarities and differences of different PRMT members, focusing on their overall structure, S-adenosyl-L-methionine-binding pocket, substrate arginine recognition and catalytic mechanisms. Since PRMTs are valuable targets for drug discovery, we also rationally classify the known PRMT inhibitors into five classes and discuss their mechanisms of action at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y George Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Meng-Chiao Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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36
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Jain K, Clarke SG. PRMT7 as a unique member of the protein arginine methyltransferase family: A review. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 665:36-45. [PMID: 30802433 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are found in a wide variety of eukaryotic organisms and can regulate gene expression, DNA repair, RNA splicing, and stem cell biology. In mammalian cells, nine genes encode a family of sequence-related enzymes; six of these PRMTs catalyze the formation of ω-asymmetric dimethyl derivatives, two catalyze ω-symmetric dimethyl derivatives, and only one (PRMT7) solely catalyzes ω-monomethylarginine formation. Purified recombinant PRMT7 displays a number of unique enzymatic properties including a substrate preference for arginine residues in R-X-R motifs with additional flanking basic amino acid residues and a temperature optimum well below 37 °C. Evidence has been presented for crosstalk between PRMT7 and PRMT5, where methylation of a histone H4 peptide at R17, a PRMT7 substrate, may activate PRMT5 for methylation of R3. Defects in muscle stem cells (satellite cells) and immune cells are found in mouse Prmt7 homozygous knockouts, while humans lacking PRMT7 are characterized by significant intellectual developmental delays, hypotonia, and facial dysmorphisms. The overexpression of the PRMT7 gene has been correlated with cancer metastasis in humans. Current research challenges include identifying cellular factors that control PRMT7 expression and activity, identifying the physiological substrates of PRMT7, and determining the effect of methylation on these substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishk Jain
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Haghandish N, Baldwin RM, Morettin A, Dawit HT, Adhikary H, Masson JY, Mazroui R, Trinkle-Mulcahy L, Côté J. PRMT7 methylates eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α and regulates its role in stress granule formation. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:778-793. [PMID: 30699057 PMCID: PMC6589776 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-05-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes that modify proteins by methylating the guanidino nitrogen atoms of arginine residues to regulate cellular processes such as chromatin remodeling, pre-mRNA splicing, and signal transduction. PRMT7 is the single type III PRMT solely capable of arginine monomethylation. To date, other than histone proteins, there are very few identified substrates of PRMT7. We therefore performed quantitative mass spectrometry experiments to identify PRMT7’s interactome and potential substrates to better characterize the enzyme’s biological function(s) in cells. These experiments revealed that PRMT7 interacts with and can methylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), in vitro and in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we uncovered a potential regulatory interplay between eIF2α arginine methylation by PRMT7 and stress-induced phosphorylation status of eIF2α at serine 51. Finally, we demonstrated that PRMT7 is required for eIF2α-dependent stress granule formation in the face of various cellular stresses. Altogether, our findings implicate PRMT7 as a novel mediator of eIF2α-dependent cellular stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Haghandish
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - R Mitchell Baldwin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alan Morettin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Haben Tesfu Dawit
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Hemanta Adhikary
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rachid Mazroui
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Côté
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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38
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Structural basis of 7SK RNA 5'-γ-phosphate methylation and retention by MePCE. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 15:132-140. [PMID: 30559425 PMCID: PMC6339579 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Among RNA 5'-cap structures, γ-phosphate monomethylation is unique to a small subset of noncoding RNAs, 7SK and U6 in humans. 7SK is capped by methylphosphate capping enzyme (MePCE), which has a second nonenzymatic role as a core component of the 7SK ribonuclear protein (RNP), an essential regulator of RNA transcription. We report 2.0- and 2.1-Å X-ray crystal structures of the human MePCE methyltransferase domain bound to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and uncapped or capped 7SK substrates, respectively. 7SK recognition is achieved by protein contacts to a 5'-hairpin-single-stranded RNA region, thus explaining MePCE's specificity for 7SK and U6. The structures reveal SAH and product RNA in a near-transition-state geometry. Unexpectedly, binding experiments showed that MePCE has higher affinity for capped versus uncapped 7SK, and kinetic data support a model of slow product release. This work reveals the molecular mechanism of methyl transfer and 7SK retention by MePCE for subsequent assembly of 7SK RNP.
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Fulton MD, Brown T, Zheng YG. Mechanisms and Inhibitors of Histone Arginine Methylation. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1792-1807. [PMID: 30230223 PMCID: PMC6348102 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Histone methylation plays an important regulatory role in chromatin restructuring and RNA transcription. Arginine methylation that is enzymatically catalyzed by the family of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) can either activate or repress gene expression depending on cellular contexts. Given the strong correlation of PRMTs with pathophysiology, great interest is seen in understanding molecular mechanisms of PRMTs in diseases and in developing potent PRMT inhibitors. Herein, we reviewed key research advances in the study of biochemical mechanisms of PRMT catalysis and their relevance to cell biology. We highlighted how a random binary, ordered ternary kinetic model for PRMT1 catalysis reconciles the literature reports and endorses a distributive mechanism that the enzyme active site utilizes for multiple turnovers of arginine methylation. We discussed the impacts of histone arginine methylation and its biochemical interplays with other key epigenetic marks. Challenges in developing small-molecule PRMT inhibitors were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody D Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Tyler Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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40
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Frankel A, Brown JI. Evaluation of kinetic data: What the numbers tell us about PRMTs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1867:306-316. [PMID: 30342239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase (PRMT) kinetic parameters have been catalogued over the past fifteen years for eight of the nine mammalian enzyme family members. Like the majority of methyltransferases, these enzymes employ the highly ubiquitous cofactor S-adenosyl-l-methionine as a co-substrate to methylate arginine residues in peptidic substrates with an approximately 4-μM median KM. The median values for PRMT turnover number (kcat) and catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) are 0.0051 s-1 and 708 M-1 s-1, respectively. When comparing PRMT metrics to entries found in the BRENDA database, we find that while PRMTs exhibit high substrate affinity relative to other enzyme-substrate pairs, PRMTs display largely lower kcat and kcat/KM values. We observe that kinetic parameters for PRMTs and arginine demethylase activity from dual-functioning lysine demethylases are statistically similar, paralleling what the broader enzyme families in which they belong reveal, and adding to the evidence in support of arginine methylation reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Frankel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Jennifer I Brown
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ae Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Minjung Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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42
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Cheng D, He Z, Zheng L, Xie D, Dong S, Zhang P. PRMT7 contributes to the metastasis phenotype in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells possibly through the interaction with HSPA5 and EEF2. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4869-4876. [PMID: 30147338 PMCID: PMC6098420 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s166412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes the leading cause of cancer death in humans. Previous studies revealed the essential role of the protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) in promoting metastasis in breast cancer. However, its function and potential mechanism in NSCLC remain unclear. Materials and methods The gene expression of PRMT7 between lung cancer tissues and normal tissues was studied with online database (http://medicalgenome.kribb.re.kr/GENT/). NSCLC cell lines with specific gene overexpression were constructed with lentivirus transduction. Matrigel invasion and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate the invasion and colony formation abilities. Co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry analysis was performed to explore the potential interaction proteins of PRMT7. Bioinformatic analysis was performed with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. Results Online analysis of gene expression patterns revealed the relatively high expression of PRMT7 in lung cancer tissues. PRMT7 overexpression was able to promote the invasion and colony formation of A549 and SPC-A1 cells. A total of 19 in-common proteins shared by both NSCLC cell lines were identified to be interacting with PRMT7 and found to participate in a wide variety of pathways and protein–protein interactions according to bioinformatic analysis. Among them, HSPA5 and EEF2 were further investigated for their essential roles in PRMT7-promoted NSCLC cell invasion. Conclusion Our results suggested PRMT7 overexpression was able to promote metastasis in NSCLC possibly through the interaction with HSPA5 and EEF2, which provides the potential mechanism of oncogenesis in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, .,Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng He
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liangcheng Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Deyao Xie
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shangwen Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,
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