1
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Zhang H, Rui M, Ma Z, Gong S, Zhang S, Zhou Q, Gan C, Gong W, Wang S. Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport prevents premature differentiation of Drosophila type II neuroblasts via Notch-signal-sending daughter cells. iScience 2024; 27:108545. [PMID: 38213621 PMCID: PMC10783626 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are heterogeneous to generate diverse differentiated cell types required for organogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms that differently maintain these heterogeneous stem cells are not well understood. In this study, we identify that Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrograde transport specifically maintains type II neuroblasts (NBs) through the Notch signaling. We reveal that intermediate neural progenitors (INPs), immediate daughter cells of type II NBs, provide Delta and function as the NB niche. The Delta used by INPs is mainly produced by NBs and asymmetrically distributed to INPs. Blocking retrograde transport leads to a decrease in INP number, which reduces Notch activity and results in the premature differentiation of type II NBs. Furthermore, the reduction of Delta could suppress tumor formation caused by type II NBs. Our results highlight the crosstalk between Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, Notch signaling, stem cell niche, and fusion as an essential step in maintaining the self-renewal of type II NB lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Menglong Rui
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhixin Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Sifan Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shuliu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qingxia Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Congfeng Gan
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wenting Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Su Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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2
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Launay N, Ruiz M, Planas-Serra L, Verdura E, Rodríguez-Palmero A, Schlüter A, Goicoechea L, Guilera C, Casas J, Campelo F, Jouanguy E, Casanova JL, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Vazquez Cancela M, Gutiérrez-Solana LG, Casasnovas C, Area-Gomez E, Pujol A. RINT1 deficiency disrupts lipid metabolism and underlies a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162836. [PMID: 37463447 DOI: 10.1172/jci162836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rad50 interacting protein 1 (Rint1) is a key player in vesicular trafficking between the ER and Golgi apparatus. Biallelic variants in RINT1 cause infantile-onset episodic acute liver failure (ALF). Here, we describe 3 individuals from 2 unrelated families with novel biallelic RINT1 loss-of-function variants who presented with early onset spastic paraplegia, ataxia, optic nerve hypoplasia, and dysmorphic features, broadening the previously described phenotype. Our functional and lipidomic analyses provided evidence that pathogenic RINT1 variants induce defective lipid-droplet biogenesis and profound lipid abnormalities in fibroblasts and plasma that impact both neutral lipid and phospholipid metabolism, including decreased triglycerides and diglycerides, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine ratios, and inhibited Lands cycle. Further, RINT1 mutations induced intracellular ROS production and reduced ATP synthesis, affecting mitochondria with membrane depolarization, aberrant cristae ultrastructure, and increased fission. Altogether, our results highlighted the pivotal role of RINT1 in lipid metabolism and mitochondria function, with a profound effect in central nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Launay
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Planas-Serra
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edgard Verdura
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustí Rodríguez-Palmero
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Neurology unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Goicoechea
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Guilera
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departament de Química Biomèdica, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEREHD, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades heoaticas y digestivas, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- CRMR Leukofrance Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Robert Debré AP-HP, Paris, France
- UMR1141 Neurodiderot Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Luis González Gutiérrez-Solana
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Consulta de Neurodegenerativas, Sección de Neurología Pediátrica, Hospital, Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Casasnovas
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang L, Piipponen M, Liu Z, Li D, Bian X, Niu G, Geara J, Toma MA, Sommar P, Xu Landén N. Human skin specific long noncoding RNA HOXC13-AS regulates epidermal differentiation by interfering with Golgi-ER retrograde transport. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1334-1348. [PMID: 36869179 PMCID: PMC10154349 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
After a skin injury, keratinocytes switch from a state of homeostasis to one of regeneration leading to the reconstruction of the epidermal barrier. The regulatory mechanism of gene expression underpinning this key switch during human skin wound healing is enigmatic. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a new horizon in the understanding of the regulatory programs encoded in the mammalian genome. By comparing the transcriptome of an acute human wound and skin from the same donor as well as keratinocytes isolated from these paired tissue samples, we generated a list of lncRNAs showing changed expression in keratinocytes during wound repair. Our study focused on HOXC13-AS, a recently evolved human lncRNA specifically expressed in epidermal keratinocytes, and we found that its expression was temporally downregulated during wound healing. In line with its enrichment in suprabasal keratinocytes, HOXC13-AS was found to be increasingly expressed during keratinocyte differentiation, but its expression was reduced by EGFR signaling. After HOXC13-AS knockdown or overexpression in human primary keratinocytes undergoing differentiation induced by cell suspension or calcium treatment and in organotypic epidermis, we found that HOXC13-AS promoted keratinocyte differentiation. Moreover, RNA pull-down assays followed by mass spectrometry and RNA immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that mechanistically HOXC13-AS sequestered the coat complex subunit alpha (COPA) protein and interfered with Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) molecular transport, resulting in ER stress and enhanced keratinocyte differentiation. In summary, we identified HOXC13-AS as a crucial regulator of human epidermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Zhang
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Piipponen
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dongqing Li
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Bian
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guanglin Niu
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Geara
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria A Toma
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pehr Sommar
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ning Xu Landén
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm Node, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Humphreys IR, Pei J, Baek M, Krishnakumar A, Anishchenko I, Ovchinnikov S, Zhang J, Ness TJ, Banjade S, Bagde SR, Stancheva VG, Li XH, Liu K, Zheng Z, Barrero DJ, Roy U, Kuper J, Femández IS, Szakal B, Branzei D, Rizo J, Kisker C, Greene EC, Biggins S, Keeney S, Miller EA, Fromme JC, Hendrickson TL, Cong Q, Baker D. Computed structures of core eukaryotic protein complexes. Science 2021; 374:eabm4805. [PMID: 34762488 PMCID: PMC7612107 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm4805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions play critical roles in biology, but the structures of many eukaryotic protein complexes are unknown, and there are likely many interactions not yet identified. We take advantage of advances in proteome-wide amino acid coevolution analysis and deep-learning–based structure modeling to systematically identify and build accurate models of core eukaryotic protein complexes within the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome. We use a combination of RoseTTAFold and AlphaFold to screen through paired multiple sequence alignments for 8.3 million pairs of yeast proteins, identify 1505 likely to interact, and build structure models for 106 previously unidentified assemblies and 806 that have not been structurally characterized. These complexes, which have as many as five subunits, play roles in almost all key processes in eukaryotic cells and provide broad insights into biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Humphreys
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jimin Pei
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Minkyung Baek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aditya Krishnakumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan Anishchenko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sergey Ovchinnikov
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Division of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- John Harvard Distinguished Science Fellowship Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Travis J. Ness
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sudeep Banjade
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Saket R. Bagde
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Xiao-Han Li
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Kaixian Liu
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY
| | - Daniel J. Barrero
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Upasana Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jochen Kuper
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Israel S. Femández
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Barnabas Szakal
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Dana Branzei
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Josep Rizo
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Caroline Kisker
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eric C. Greene
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sue Biggins
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott Keeney
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - J. Christopher Fromme
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Qian Cong
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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A Fungal Transcription Regulator of Vacuolar Function Modulates Candida albicans Interactions with Host Epithelial Cells. mBio 2021; 12:e0302021. [PMID: 34781731 PMCID: PMC8593675 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03020-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms typically maintain cellular homeostasis despite facing large fluctuations in their surroundings. Microbes that reside on human mucosal surfaces may experience significant variations in nutrient and ion availability as well as pH. Whether the mechanisms employed by these microbial cells to sustain homeostasis directly impact on the interplay with the host’s mucosae remains unclear. Here, we report that the previously uncharacterized transcription regulator ZCF8 in the human-associated yeast Candida albicans maintains vacuole homeostasis when the fungus faces fluctuations in nitrogen. Genome-wide identification of genes directly regulated by Zcf8p followed by fluorescence microscopy to define their subcellular localization uncovered the fungal vacuole as a top target of Zcf8p regulation. Deletion and overexpression of ZCF8 resulted in alterations in vacuolar morphology and luminal pH and rendered the fungus resistant or susceptible to nigericin and brefeldin A, two drugs that impair vacuole and associated functions. Furthermore, we establish that the regulator modulates C. albicans attachment to epithelial cells in a manner that depends on the status of the fungal vacuole. Our findings, therefore, suggest that fungal vacuole physiology regulation is intrinsically linked to, and shapes to a significant extent, the physical interactions that Candida cells establish with mammalian mucosal surfaces.
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6
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Nagy PD, Feng Z. Tombusviruses orchestrate the host endomembrane system to create elaborate membranous replication organelles. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 48:30-41. [PMID: 33845410 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Positive-strand RNA viruses depend on intensive manipulation of subcellular organelles and membranes to create unique viral replication organelles (VROs), which represent the sites of robust virus replication. The host endomembrane-based protein-trafficking and vesicle-trafficking pathways are specifically targeted by many (+)RNA viruses to take advantage of their rich resources. We summarize the critical roles of co-opted endoplasmic reticulum subdomains and associated host proteins and COPII vesicles play in tombusvirus replication. We also present the surprising contribution of the early endosome and the retromer tubular transport carriers to VRO biogenesis. The central player is tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), which provides an outstanding system based on the identification of a complex network of interactions with the host cells. We present the emerging theme on how TBSV uses tethering and membrane-shaping proteins and lipid modifying enzymes to build the sophisticated VRO membranes with unique lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Nagy
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
| | - Zhike Feng
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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7
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Guan L, Yang S, Li S, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yang Y, Qin G, Wang H, Wu T, Wang Z, Feng X, Wu Y, Zhu JK, Li X, Li L. AtSEC22 Regulates Cell Morphogenesis via Affecting Cytoskeleton Organization and Stabilities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635732. [PMID: 34149743 PMCID: PMC8211912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The plant cytoskeleton forms a stereoscopic network that regulates cell morphogenesis. The cytoskeleton also provides tracks for trafficking of vesicles to the target membrane. Fusion of vesicles with the target membrane is promoted by SNARE proteins, etc. The vesicle-SNARE, Sec22, regulates membrane trafficking between the ER and Golgi in yeast and mammals. Arabidopsis AtSEC22 might also regulate early secretion and is essential for gametophyte development. However, the role of AtSEC22 in plant development is unclear. To clarify the role of AtSEC22 in the regulation of plant development, we isolated an AtSEC22 knock-down mutant, atsec22-4, and found that cell morphogenesis and development were seriously disturbed. atsec22-4 exhibited shorter primary roots (PRs), dwarf plants, and partial abortion. More interestingly, the atsec22-4 mutant had less trichomes with altered morphology, irregular stomata, and pavement cells, suggesting that cell morphogenesis was perturbed. Further analyses revealed that in atsec22-4, vesicle trafficking was blocked, resulting in the trapping of proteins in the ER and collapse of structures of the ER and Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, AtSEC22 defects resulted in impaired organization and stability of the cytoskeleton in atsec22-4. Our findings revealed essential roles of AtSEC22 in membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton dynamics during plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shurui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shenglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Guochen Qin
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongrui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xugang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Lixin Li,
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8
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Xu D, Li P, Xu L. Characterization of the Role of Rab18 in Mediating LD-ER Contact and LD Growth. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2293:229-241. [PMID: 34453721 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1346-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic cellular organelles found in most eukaryotic cells. Lipid incorporation from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to LD is important in controlling LD growth and intracellular lipid homeostasis. However, the molecular link that mediates ER and LD cross talk remains elusive. Here, we describe the methodology used to characterize the function of Rab18 in regulating LD homeostasis and LD-ER contact. First, we focus on the quantitative assay used to measure intracellular LDs morphological changes. This is followed by a detailed description of the use of the APEX-label technology in combination with electron microscope (EM) to visualize ER-LD contact sites. These assays are valuable for the investigation of LD-associated proteins such as Rab18 in establishing membrane contact sites between LDs and other subcellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Gu X, Brennan A, Wei W, Guo G, Lindsey K. Vesicle Transport in Plants: A Revised Phylogeny of SNARE Proteins. Evol Bioinform Online 2020; 16:1176934320956575. [PMID: 33116351 PMCID: PMC7573729 DOI: 10.1177/1176934320956575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication systems within and between plant cells involve the transfer of ions and molecules between compartments, and are essential for development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This in turn requires the regulated movement and fusion of membrane systems with their associated cargo. Recent advances in genomics has provided new resources with which to investigate the evolutionary relationships between membrane proteins across plant species. Members of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are known to play important roles in vesicle trafficking across plant, animal and microbial species. Using recent public expression and transcriptomic data from 9 representative green plants, we investigated the evolution of the SNARE classes and linked protein changes to functional specialization (expression patterns). We identified an additional 3 putative SNARE genes in the model plant Arabidopsis. We found that all SNARE classes have expanded in number to a greater or lesser degree alongside the evolution of multicellularity, and that within-species expansions are also common. These gene expansions appear to be associated with the accumulation of amino acid changes and with sub-functionalization of SNARE family members to different tissues. These results provide an insight into SNARE protein evolution and functional specialization. The work provides a platform for hypothesis-building and future research into the precise functions of these proteins in plant development and responses to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Gu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Adrian Brennan
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Guangqin Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
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10
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Gallo A, Danglot L, Giordano F, Hewlett B, Binz T, Vannier C, Galli T. Role of the Sec22b-E-Syt complex in neurite growth and ramification. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.247148. [PMID: 32843578 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons and dendrites are long and often ramified neurites that need particularly intense plasma membrane (PM) expansion during the development of the nervous system. Neurite growth depends on non-fusogenic Sec22b-Stx1 SNARE complexes at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-PM contacts. Here, we show that Sec22b interacts with members of the extended synaptotagmin (E-Syt) family of ER lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), and this interaction depends on the longin domain of Sec22b. Overexpression of E-Syts stabilizes Sec22b-Stx1 association, whereas silencing of E-Syts has the opposite effect. Overexpression of wild-type E-Syt2, but not mutants unable to transfer lipids or attach to the ER, increase the formation of axonal filopodia and ramification of neurites in developing neurons. This effect is inhibited by a clostridial neurotoxin cleaving Stx1, and expression of the Sec22b longin domain and a Sec22b mutant with an extended linker between the SNARE and transmembrane domains. We conclude that Sec22b-Stx1 ER-PM contact sites contribute to PM expansion by interacting with LTPs, such as E-Syts.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gallo
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM, Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, F-75014 Paris, France.,Ecole des Neurosciences de Paris (ENP), F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM, Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, 91198, France
| | - Bailey Hewlett
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM, Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Binz
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Institut für Physiologische Chemie OE4310, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Vannier
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM, Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Galli
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM, Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, F-75014 Paris, France .,GHU PARIS psychiatrie & neurosciences, F-75014 Paris, France
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11
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New Perspectives on SNARE Function in the Yeast Minimal Endomembrane System. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080899. [PMID: 32781543 PMCID: PMC7465790 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the best model organisms for the study of endocytic membrane trafficking. While studies in mammalian cells have characterized the temporal and morphological features of the endocytic pathway, studies in budding yeast have led the way in the analysis of the endosomal trafficking machinery components and their functions. Eukaryotic endomembrane systems were thought to be highly conserved from yeast to mammals, with the fusion of plasma membrane-derived vesicles to the early or recycling endosome being a common feature. Upon endosome maturation, cargos are then sorted for reuse or degraded via the endo-lysosomal (endo-vacuolar in yeast) pathway. However, recent studies have shown that budding yeast has a minimal endomembrane system that is fundamentally different from that of mammalian cells, with plasma membrane-derived vesicles fusing directly to a trans-Golgi compartment which acts as an early endosome. Thus, the Golgi, rather than the endosome, acts as the primary acceptor of endocytic vesicles, sorting cargo to pre-vacuolar endosomes for degradation. The field must now integrate these new findings into a broader understanding of the endomembrane system across eukaryotes. This article synthesizes what we know about the machinery mediating endocytic membrane fusion with this new model for yeast endomembrane function.
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12
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Linders PTA, Peters E, ter Beest M, Lefeber DJ, van den Bogaart G. Sugary Logistics Gone Wrong: Membrane Trafficking and Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4654. [PMID: 32629928 PMCID: PMC7369703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification for both intracellular and secreted proteins. For glycosylation to occur, cargo must be transported after synthesis through the different compartments of the Golgi apparatus where distinct monosaccharides are sequentially bound and trimmed, resulting in increasingly complex branched glycan structures. Of utmost importance for this process is the intraorganellar environment of the Golgi. Each Golgi compartment has a distinct pH, which is maintained by the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase). Moreover, tethering factors such as Golgins and the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, in concert with coatomer (COPI) and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-mediated membrane fusion, efficiently deliver glycosylation enzymes to the right Golgi compartment. Together, these factors maintain intra-Golgi trafficking of proteins involved in glycosylation and thereby enable proper glycosylation. However, pathogenic mutations in these factors can cause defective glycosylation and lead to diseases with a wide variety of symptoms such as liver dysfunction and skin and bone disorders. Collectively, this group of disorders is known as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Recent technological advances have enabled the robust identification of novel CDGs related to membrane trafficking components. In this review, we highlight differences and similarities between membrane trafficking-related CDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. A. Linders
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
| | - Ella Peters
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
| | - Martin ter Beest
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Linders PT, Horst CVD, Beest MT, van den Bogaart G. Stx5-Mediated ER-Golgi Transport in Mammals and Yeast. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080780. [PMID: 31357511 PMCID: PMC6721632 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) syntaxin 5 (Stx5) in mammals and its ortholog Sed5p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediate anterograde and retrograde endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi trafficking. Stx5 and Sed5p are structurally highly conserved and are both regulated by interactions with other ER-Golgi SNARE proteins, the Sec1/Munc18-like protein Scfd1/Sly1p and the membrane tethering complexes COG, p115, and GM130. Despite these similarities, yeast Sed5p and mammalian Stx5 are differently recruited to COPII-coated vesicles, and Stx5 interacts with the microtubular cytoskeleton, whereas Sed5p does not. In this review, we argue that these different Stx5 interactions contribute to structural differences in ER-Golgi transport between mammalian and yeast cells. Insight into the function of Stx5 is important given its essential role in the secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells and its involvement in infections and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ta Linders
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chiel van der Horst
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ter Beest
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Weill U, Cohen N, Fadel A, Ben-Dor S, Schuldiner M. Protein Topology Prediction Algorithms Systematically Investigated in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800252. [PMID: 31297843 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins perform a variety of functions, all crucially dependent on their orientation in the membrane. However, neither the exact number of transmembrane domains (TMDs) nor the topology of most proteins have been experimentally determined. Due to this, most scientists rely primarily on prediction algorithms to determine topology and TMD assignments. Since these can give contradictory results, single-algorithm-based predictions are unreliable. To map the extent of potential misanalysis, the predictions of nine algorithms on the yeast proteome are compared and it is found that they have little agreement when predicting TMD number and termini orientation. To view all predictions in parallel, a webpage called TopologYeast: http://www.weizmann.ac.il/molgen/TopologYeast was created. Each algorithm is compared with experimental data and a poor agreement is found. The analysis suggests that more systematic data on protein topology are required to increase the training sets for prediction algorithms and to have accurate knowledge of membrane protein topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Weill
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Nir Cohen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Amir Fadel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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15
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Li B, Dong X, Zhao R, Kou R, Zheng X, Zhang H. The t-SNARE protein FgPep12, associated with FgVam7, is essential for ascospore discharge and plant infection by trafficking Ca2+ ATPase FgNeo1 between Golgi and endosome/vacuole in Fusarium graminearum. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007754. [PMID: 31067272 PMCID: PMC6527245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptors (SNAREs) play a crucial role in the development and virulence through mediation of membrane fusion and vesicle trafficking in pathogens. Our previous studies reported that the SNARE protein FgVam7 and its binding proteins FgVps39/41 are involved in vesicle trafficking and are important for vegetative growth, asexual/sexual development, deoxynivalenol production and virulence in the Fusarium head blight fungus Fusarium graminearum. Here, we identified and characterized another FgVam7 binding protein in F. graminearum, FgPep12, an ortholog of yeast t-SNARE Pep12 with both the SNARE and TM domains being essential for its localization and function. Deletion of FgPep12 caused defects in vegetative growth, conidiogenesis, deoxynivalenol production and virulence. Cytological observation revealed that FgPep12 localizes to the Golgi apparatus, late endosomes and vacuoles, and is necessary for transport from the vacuole to prevacuolar compartment. Further investigation revealed that both FgPep12 and FgVam7 are essential for ascospore discharge through interaction with and trafficking of the Ca2+ ATPase FgNeo1 between the Golgi and endosomal/vacuolar system. FgNeo1 has similar biological roles to FgPep12 and is required for ascospore discharge in F. graminearum. Together, these results provide solid evidence to help unravel the mechanisms underlying the manipulation of ascospore discharge and plant infection by SNARE proteins in F. graminearum. SNARE proteins which mediate fusion of transport vesicles with the correct target membrane, are essential components of vesicle trafficking machinery. Together with the cognate effectors, SNAREs coordinate the dynamics of trafficking pathway and determines the cargo proteins destination. Here, we found that SNARE protein FgPep12 is important for fungal development and virulence through its involvement in vesicle trafficking between the Golgi and endosomal/vacuolar system. We further provide multiple lines of evidence showing that SNARE proteins modulate development and ascospore discharge in pathogenic fungi. FgPep12, associated with FgVam7, is required for the trafficking of the Ca2+ ATPase FgNeo1 between the Golgi and endosomal/vacuolar system, thus controlling growth, asexual development, ascospore discharge and plant infection in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongchuan Kou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Adnan M, Islam W, Zhang J, Zheng W, Lu GD. Diverse Role of SNARE Protein Sec22 in Vesicle Trafficking, Membrane Fusion, and Autophagy. Cells 2019; 8:E337. [PMID: 30974782 PMCID: PMC6523435 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis begins at free ribosomes or ribosomes attached with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Newly synthesized proteins are transported to the plasma membrane for secretion through conventional or unconventional pathways. In conventional protein secretion, proteins are transported from the ER lumen to Golgi lumen and through various other compartments to be secreted at the plasma membrane, while unconventional protein secretion bypasses the Golgi apparatus. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) proteins are involved in cargo vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion. The ER localized vesicle associated SNARE (v-SNARE) protein Sec22 plays a major role during anterograde and retrograde transport by promoting efficient membrane fusion and assisting in the assembly of higher order complexes by homodimer formation. Sec22 is not only confined to ER-Golgi intermediate compartments (ERGIC) but also facilitates formation of contact sites between ER and plasma membranes. Sec22 mutation is responsible for the development of atherosclerosis and symptoms in the brain in Alzheimer's disease and aging in humans. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, Sec22 is essential for photoreceptor morphogenesis, the wingless signaling pathway, and normal ER, Golgi, and endosome morphology. In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, it is involved in development, and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, it is in involved in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. In filamentous fungi, it affects cell wall integrity, growth, reproduction, pathogenicity, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of extracellular enzymes, and transcriptional regulation of many development related genes. This review provides a detailed account of Sec22 function, summarizes its domain structure, discusses its genetic redundancy with Ykt6, discusses what is known about its localization to discrete membranes, its contributions in conventional and unconventional autophagy, and a variety of other roles across different cellular systems ranging from higher to lower eukaryotes, and highlights some of the surprises that have originated from research on Sec22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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17
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Li B, Gao Y, Mao HY, Borkovich KA, Ouyang SQ. The SNARE protein FolVam7 mediates intracellular trafficking to regulate conidiogenesis and pathogenicity in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:2696-2706. [PMID: 30848031 PMCID: PMC6850041 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are conserved in fungi, plants and animals. The Vam7 gene encodes a v‐SNARE protein that involved in vesicle trafficking in fungi. Here, we identified and characterized the function of FolVam7, a homologue of the yeast SNARE protein Vam7p in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), a fungal pathogen of tomato. FolVam7 contains SNARE and PX (Phox homology) domains that are indispensable for normal localization and function of FolVam7. Targeted gene deletion showed that FolVam7‐mediated vesicle trafficking is important for vegetative growth, asexual development, conidial morphology and plant infection. Further cytological examinations revealed that FolVam7 is localized to vesicles and vacuole membranes in the hyphae stage. Moreover, the ΔFolvam7 mutant is insensitive to salt and osmotic stresses and hypersensitive to cell wall stressors. Taken together, our results suggested that FolVam7‐mediated vesicle trafficking promotes vegetative growth, conidiogenesis and pathogenicity of Fol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ying Mao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Katherine A Borkovich
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Shou-Qiang Ouyang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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18
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Claude-Taupin A, Bissa B, Jia J, Gu Y, Deretic V. Role of autophagy in IL-1β export and release from cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 83:36-41. [PMID: 29580970 PMCID: PMC6173661 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The autophagy pathway known also as macroautophagy (herein referred to as autophagy) is characterized by the formation of double-membrane organelles that capture cytosolic material. Based on pathway termination alternatives, autophagy has been divided into degradative and secretory. During degradative autophagy, autophagosomes typically fuse with lysosomes upon which the sequestered material is degraded. During secretory autophagy, instead of degradation the sequestered cargo is subjected to active secretion or passive release. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of secretion/passive release of the potent pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, as a prototypical leaderless cytosolic protein cargo studied in the context of secretory autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Claude-Taupin
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Bhawana Bissa
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Jingyue Jia
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Yuexi Gu
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
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19
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Huang N, Ling H, Su Y, Liu F, Xu L, Su W, Wu Q, Guo J, Gao S, Que Y. Transcriptional analysis identifies major pathways as response components to Sporisorium scitamineum stress in sugarcane. Gene 2018; 678:207-218. [PMID: 30099025 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane smut, which is caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, is a severe fungal disease affecting sugarcane. However, the major pathways involved in the interaction between sugarcane and S. scitamineum remains unclear. RESULTS In the present study, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library construction, together with reverse northern blotting, was conducted on the most prevalent sugarcane genotype ROC22 challenged with S. scitamineum. After alignment and homologous expressed sequence tag (EST) assembly, a total of 155 differentially expressed unigenes were identified from SSH libraries. Totally, 26 of 155 differentially expressed unigenes were analyzed by qRT-PCR in sugarcane smut-resistant genotype YC05-179 and susceptible genotype ROC22. Genes encoded two unknown protein (Q1 and Q11), serine/threonine kinase (Q2), fiber protein (Q3), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (Q23), and Sc14-3-3-like protein (Q24) were induced in sugarcane smut-resistant genotype YC05-179 but inhibited in susceptible genotype ROC22. Based on the differential expression data achieved from SSH libraries and qRT-PCR, we found that, serine/threonine kinases, Ca2+ sensors, mitogen-activated protein genes and some NBS-LRR genes may involve in the signal recognition and transduction of smut fungus infection in sugarcane. While in the plant hormone signaling pathways, the genes related to auxin, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene were more apparently in response to smut fungus invasion. The hypersensitive response, protein metabolism, polyamine synthesis, and cell wall formation may play an important role in sugarcane defense against smut fungus colonization. Additionally, the Sc14-3-3 might serve as a molecular modulator in sugarcane being immune to smut disease by interacting with proteins like ScGAPN (Q10), which have been further verified by BiFC assay. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study could provide a general view about gene pathways involving in sugarcane defense against smut disease and facilitate a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying sugarcane-S. scitamineum interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Ling
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Weihua Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qibin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jinlong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Shiwu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
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20
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Assembly-hub function of ER-localized SNARE proteins in biogenesis of tombusvirus replication compartment. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007028. [PMID: 29746582 PMCID: PMC5963807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive-strand RNA viruses assemble numerous membrane-bound viral replicase complexes within large replication compartments to support their replication in infected cells. Yet the detailed mechanism of how given subcellular compartments are subverted by viruses is incompletely understood. Although, Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) uses peroxisomal membranes for replication, in this paper, we show evidence that the ER-resident SNARE (soluble NSF attachment protein receptor) proteins play critical roles in the formation of active replicase complexes in yeast model host and in plants. Depletion of the syntaxin 18-like Ufe1 and Use1, which are components of the ER SNARE complex in the ERAS (ER arrival site) subdomain, in yeast resulted in greatly reduced tombusvirus accumulation. Over-expression of a dominant-negative mutant of either the yeast Ufe1 or the orthologous plant Syp81 syntaxin greatly interferes with tombusvirus replication in yeast and plants, thus further supporting the role of this host protein in tombusvirus replication. Moreover, tombusvirus RNA replication was low in cell-free extracts from yeast with repressed Ufe1 or Use1 expression. We also present evidence for the mislocalization of the tombusviral p33 replication protein to the ER membrane in Ufe1p-depleted yeast cells. The viral p33 replication protein interacts with both Ufe1p and Use1p and co-opts them into the TBSV replication compartment in yeast and plant cells. The co-opted Ufe1 affects the virus-driven membrane contact site formation, sterol-enrichment at replication sites, recruitment of several pro-viral host factors and subversion of the Rab5-positive PE-rich endosomes needed for robust TBSV replication. In summary, we demonstrate a critical role for Ufe1 and Use1 SNARE proteins in TBSV replication and propose that the pro-viral functions of Ufe1 and Use1 are to serve as assembly hubs for the formation of the extensive TBSV replication compartments in cells. Altogether, these findings point clearly at the ERAS subdomain of ER as a critical site for the biogenesis of the TBSV replication compartment. Viral replication organelles are formed in subcellular compartments during positive-strand RNA virus infections to support robust virus replication. TBSV induces multivesicular body-like structures consisting of aggregated peroxisomes. However, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and early endosomal proteins and membranes also contribute to the biogenesis of the replication compartment. The authors show that the syntaxin 18-like Ufe1 and Use1 ER SNARE proteins, which are present in ER subdomains called ERAS (ER arrival site), are necessary for the formation of the viral replication organelles. By binding to the p33 replication protein of TBSV, Ufe1 and Use1 serve as an assembly hub for biogenesis of the replication compartment and facilitating the transfer of phospholipids and sterols to the growing sites of viral replication. The advantage of co-opting ER resident SNAREs could be that these proteins constitute very active ER subdomains (ERAS), which might be especially suitable for generation of the extensive membranous viral replication compartment.
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21
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Takáts S, Glatz G, Szenci G, Boda A, Horváth GV, Hegedűs K, Kovács AL, Juhász G. Non-canonical role of the SNARE protein Ykt6 in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007359. [PMID: 29694367 PMCID: PMC5937789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagosomal SNARE Syntaxin17 (Syx17) forms a complex with Snap29 and Vamp7/8 to promote autophagosome-lysosome fusion via multiple interactions with the tethering complex HOPS. Here we demonstrate that, unexpectedly, one more SNARE (Ykt6) is also required for autophagosome clearance in Drosophila. We find that loss of Ykt6 leads to large-scale accumulation of autophagosomes that are unable to fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes. Of note, loss of Syx5, the partner of Ykt6 in ER-Golgi trafficking does not prevent autolysosome formation, pointing to a more direct role of Ykt6 in fusion. Indeed, Ykt6 localizes to lysosomes and autolysosomes, and forms a SNARE complex with Syx17 and Snap29. Interestingly, Ykt6 can be outcompeted from this SNARE complex by Vamp7, and we demonstrate that overexpression of Vamp7 rescues the fusion defect of ykt6 loss of function cells. Finally, a point mutant form with an RQ amino acid change in the zero ionic layer of Ykt6 protein that is thought to be important for fusion-competent SNARE complex assembly retains normal autophagic activity and restores full viability in mutant animals, unlike palmitoylation or farnesylation site mutant Ykt6 forms. As Ykt6 and Vamp7 are both required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion and are mutually exclusive subunits in a Syx17-Snap29 complex, these data suggest that Vamp7 is directly involved in membrane fusion and Ykt6 acts as a non-conventional, regulatory SNARE in this process. SNARE proteins are critical executors of most vesicle fusion events in eukaryotic cells. 4 SNARE domains assemble into a bundle to promote fusion. We have previously shown that Syntaxin 17, Snap29 (contributing 2 SNARE domains) and Vamp7 form the SNARE complex executing autophagosome-lysosome fusion in Drosophila. Surprisingly, one more SNARE protein (Ykt6) is also required in vivo for autophagosome-lysosome fusion. We find that Ykt6 can form a less stable complex with Syntaxin 17 and Snap29 than Vamp7, because Vamp7 outcompetes Ykt6. Ykt6, Vamp7 and Syntaxin 17 all bind to the tethering complex HOPS to promote vesicle fusion. Ykt6 likely plays a non-canonical role in autophagosome-lysosome fusion, because its mutant form (which is thought to be unable to assemble into a fusion-competent SNARE complex) still rescues the fusion defect of ykt6 mutant cells, and it restores viability in mutant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Takáts
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Premium Postdoctoral Research Program, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail: (ST); (GJ)
| | - Gábor Glatz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Győző Szenci
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Boda
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor V. Horváth
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Hegedűs
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila L. Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail: (ST); (GJ)
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22
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Xu D, Li Y, Wu L, Li Y, Zhao D, Yu J, Huang T, Ferguson C, Parton RG, Yang H, Li P. Rab18 promotes lipid droplet (LD) growth by tethering the ER to LDs through SNARE and NRZ interactions. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:975-995. [PMID: 29367353 PMCID: PMC5839781 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid incorporation from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to lipid droplet (LD) is important in controlling LD growth and intracellular lipid homeostasis. However, the molecular link mediating ER and LD cross talk remains elusive. Here, we identified Rab18 as an important Rab guanosine triphosphatase in controlling LD growth and maturation. Rab18 deficiency resulted in a drastically reduced number of mature LDs and decreased lipid storage, and was accompanied by increased ER stress. Rab3GAP1/2, the GEF of Rab18, promoted LD growth by activating and targeting Rab18 to LDs. LD-associated Rab18 bound specifically to the ER-associated NAG-RINT1-ZW10 (NRZ) tethering complex and their associated SNAREs (Syntaxin18, Use1, BNIP1), resulting in the recruitment of ER to LD and the formation of direct ER-LD contact. Cells with defects in the NRZ/SNARE complex function showed reduced LD growth and lipid storage. Overall, our data reveal that the Rab18-NRZ-SNARE complex is critical protein machinery for tethering ER-LD and establishing ER-LD contact to promote LD growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tuozhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Charles Ferguson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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23
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Li B, Liu L, Li Y, Dong X, Zhang H, Chen H, Zheng X, Zhang Z. The FgVps39-FgVam7-FgSso1 Complex Mediates Vesicle Trafficking and Is Important for the Development and Virulence of Fusarium graminearum. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:410-422. [PMID: 28437167 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-16-0242-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle trafficking is an important event in eukaryotic organisms. Many proteins and lipids transported between different organelles or compartments are essential for survival. These processes are mediated by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, Rab-GTPases, and multisubunit tethering complexes such as class C core vacuole or endosome tethering and homotypic fusion or vacuole protein sorting (HOPS). Our previous study has demonstrated that FgVam7, which encodes a SNARE protein involving in vesicle trafficking, plays crucial roles in growth, asexual or sexual development, deoxynivalenol production, and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum. Here, the affinity purification approach was used to identify FgVam7-interacting proteins to explore its regulatory mechanisms during vesicle trafficking. The orthologs of yeast Vps39, a HOPS tethering complex subunit, and Sso1, a SNARE protein localized to the vacuole or endosome, were identified and selected for further characterization. In yeast two-hybrid and glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assays, FgVam7, FgVps39, and FgSso1 interacted with each other as a complex. The ∆Fgvps39 mutant generated by targeted deletion was significantly reduced in vegetative growth and asexual development. It failed to produce sexual spores and was defective in plant infection and deoxynivalenol production. Further cellular localization and cytological examinations suggested that FgVps39 is involved in vesicle trafficking from early or late endosomes to vacuoles in F. graminearum. Additionally, the ∆Fgvps39 mutant was defective in vacuole morphology and autophagy, and it was delayed in endocytosis. Our results demonstrate that FgVam7 interacts with FgVps39 and FgSso1 to form a unique complex, which is involved in vesicle trafficking and modulating the proper development of infection-related morphogenesis in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; and
| | - Luping Liu
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; and
| | - Ying Li
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; and
| | - Xin Dong
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; and
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; and
| | - Huaigu Chen
- 2 Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; and
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; and
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24
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Yamamoto Y, Yurugi C, Sakisaka T. The number of the C-terminal transmembrane domains has the potency to specify subcellular localization of Sec22c. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:388-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Chen L, Lau MSY, Banfield DK. Multiple ER-Golgi SNARE transmembrane domains are dispensable for trafficking but required for SNARE recycling. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2633-41. [PMID: 27385338 PMCID: PMC5007084 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In biochemical assays, the transmembrane domains of SNAREs have been found to be crucial in mediating membrane fusion. Yeast cells in which a particular essential ER–Golgi SNARE’s transmembrane domain has been removed remain viable and devoid of forward-trafficking defects. The formation of soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complexes between opposing membranes is an essential prerequisite for fusion between vesicles and their target compartments. The composition and length of a SNARE’s transmembrane domain (TMD) is also an indicator for their steady-state distribution in cells. The evolutionary conservation of the SNARE TMD, together with the strict requirement of this feature for membrane fusion in biochemical studies, implies that the TMD represents an essential protein module. Paradoxically, we find that for several essential ER- and Golgi-localized SNAREs, a TMD is unnecessary. Moreover, in the absence of a covalent membrane tether, such SNAREs can still support ER–Golgi vesicle transport and recapitulate established genetic interactions. Transport anomalies appear to be restricted to retrograde trafficking, but these defects are overcome by the attachment of a C-terminal lipid anchor to the SNARE. We conclude that the TMD functions principally to support the recycling of Qb-, Qc-, and R-SNAREs and, in so doing, retrograde transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin S Y Lau
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - David K Banfield
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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26
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Qi Z, Liu M, Dong Y, Zhu Q, Li L, Li B, Yang J, Li Y, Ru Y, Zhang H, Zheng X, Wang P, Zhang Z. The syntaxin protein (MoSyn8) mediates intracellular trafficking to regulate conidiogenesis and pathogenicity of rice blast fungus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:1655-1667. [PMID: 26522477 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) mediate cellular membrane fusion and intracellular vesicle trafficking in eukaryotic cells, and are critical in the growth and development of pathogenic fungi such as Magnaporthe oryzae which causes rice blast. Rice blast is thought to involve distinct SNARE-mediated transport and secretion of fungal effector proteins into the host to modulate rice immunity. We have previously characterized two SNARE proteins, secretory protein (MoSec22) and vesicle-associated membrane protein (MoVam7), as being important in cellular transport and pathogenicity. Here, we show that syntaxin 8 (MoSyn8), a Qc-SNARE protein homolog, also plays important roles in growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity. The MoSYN8 deletion mutant (∆Mosyn8) mutant exhibits defects in endocytosis and F-actin organization, appressorium turgor pressure generation, and host penetration. In addition, the ∆Mosyn8 mutant cannot elaborate biotrophic invasion of the susceptible rice host, or secrete avirulence factors Avr-Pia (corresponding to the rice resistance gene Pia) and Avrpiz-t (the cognate Avr gene for the resistance gene Piz-t) proteins. Our study of MoSyn8 advances our understanding of SNARE proteins in effector secretion which underlies the normal physiology and pathogenicity of M. oryzae, and it sheds new light on the mechanism of the blight disease caused by M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Qi
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Muxing Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yanhan Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yanyan Ru
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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27
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Zhang H, Li B, Fang Q, Li Y, Zheng X, Zhang Z. SNARE protein FgVam7 controls growth, asexual and sexual development, and plant infection in Fusarium graminearum. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:108-19. [PMID: 25880818 PMCID: PMC6638462 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins play critical and conserved roles in membrane fusion and vesicle transport of eukaryotic cells. Previous studies have shown that various homologues of SNARE proteins are also important in the infection of host plants by pathogenic fungi. Here, we report the characterization of a SNARE homologue, FgVam7, from Fusarium graminearum that causes head blight in wheat and barley worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis and domain comparison reveal that FgVam7 is homologous to Vam7 proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScVam7), Magnaporthe oryzae (MoVam7) and several additional fungi by containing a PhoX homology (PX) domain and a SNARE domain. We show that FgVam7 plays a regulatory role in cellular differentiation and virulence in F. graminearum. Deletion of FgVAM7 significantly reduces vegetative growth, conidiation and conidial germination, sexual reproduction and virulence. The ΔFgvam7 mutant also exhibits a defect in vacuolar maintenance and delayed endocytosis. Moreover, the ΔFgvam7 mutant is insensitive to salt and osmotic stresses, and hypersensitive to cell wall stressors. Further characterization of FgVam7 domains indicate that the PX and SNARE domains are conserved in controlling Vam7 protein localization and function, respectively. Finally, FgVam7 has been shown to positively regulate the expression of several deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis genes TRI5, TRI6 and TRI101, and DON production. Our studies provide evidence for SNARE proteins as an additional means of regulatory mechanisms that govern growth, differentiation and virulence of pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Characterization of VAMP2 in Schistosoma japonicum and the Evaluation of Protective Efficacy Induced by Recombinant SjVAMP2 in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144584. [PMID: 26641090 PMCID: PMC4671580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The outer-tegument membrane covering the schistosome is believed to maintain via the fusion of membranous vesicles. Fusion of biological membranes is a fundamental process in all eukaryotic cells driven by formation of trans-SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complexes through pairing of vesicle associated v-SNAREs (VAMP) with complementary t-SNAREs on target membranes. The purpose of this study was to characterize Schistosoma japonicum vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (SjVAMP2) and to investigate its potential as a candidate vaccine against schistosomiasis. Methodology/Principal Findings The sequence of SjVAMP2 was analyzed, cloned, expressed and characterized. SjVAMP2 is a member of the synaptobrevin superfamily harboring the v-SNARE coiled-coil homology domain. RT–PCR analysis revealed that significantly higher SjVAMP2 levels were observed in 14-, 28- and 42-day-old worms, and SjVAMP2 expression was much higher in 42-day-old female worms than in those male worms. Additionally, the expression of SjVAMP2 was associated with membrane recovery in PZQ-treated worms. Immunostaining assay showed that SjVAMP2 was mainly distributed in the sub-tegument of the worms. Western blotting revealed that rSjVAMP2 showed strong immunogenicity. Purified rSjVAMP2 emulsified with ISA206 adjuvant induced 41.5% and 27.3% reductions in worm burden, and 36.8% and 23.3% reductions in hepatic eggs in two independent trials. Besides, significantly higher rSjVAMP2-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a levels were detected in rSjVAMP2-vaccinated mice. Conclusion Our study indicated that SjVAMP2 is a potential vaccine candidate against S. japonicum and provided the basis for further investigations into the biological function of SjVAMP2.
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Santos AJM, Raote I, Scarpa M, Brouwers N, Malhotra V. TANGO1 recruits ERGIC membranes to the endoplasmic reticulum for procollagen export. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26568311 PMCID: PMC4709264 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we showed that membrane fusion is required for TANGO1-dependent export of procollagen VII from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (Nogueira, et al., 2014). Along with the t-SNARE Syntaxin 18, we now reveal the complete complement of SNAREs required in this process, t-SNAREs BNIP1 and USE1, and v-SNARE YKT6. TANGO1 recruits YKT6-containing ER Golgi Intermediate Compartment (ERGIC) membranes to procollagen VII-enriched patches on the ER. Moreover residues 1214-1396, that include the first coiled coil of TANGO1, specifically recruit ERGIC membranes even when targeted to mitochondria. TANGO1 is thus pivotal in concentrating procollagen VII in the lumen and recruiting ERGIC membranes on the cytoplasmic surface of the ER. Our data reveal that growth of a mega transport carrier for collagen export from the ER is not by acquisition of a larger patch of ER membrane, but instead by addition of ERGIC membranes to procollagen-enriched domains of the ER by a TANGO1-mediated process. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10982.001
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Affiliation(s)
- António J M Santos
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ishier Raote
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margherita Scarpa
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathalie Brouwers
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins constitute the core membrane fusion machinery of intracellular transport and intercellular communication. A little more than ten years ago, it was proposed that the long N-terminal domain of a subset of SNAREs, henceforth called the longin domain, could be a crucial regulator with multiple functions in membrane trafficking. Structural, biochemical and cell biology studies have now produced a large set of data that support this hypothesis and indicate a role for the longin domain in regulating the sorting and activity of SNAREs. Here, we review the first decade of structure-function data on the three prototypical longin SNAREs: Ykt6, VAMP7 and Sec22b. We will, in particular, highlight the conserved molecular mechanisms that allow longin domains to fold back onto the fusion-inducing SNARE coiled-coil domain, thereby inhibiting membrane fusion, and describe the interactions of longin SNAREs with proteins that regulate their intracellular sorting. This dual function of the longin domain in regulating both the membrane localization and membrane fusion activity of SNAREs points to its role as a key regulatory module of intracellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Daste
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Membrane Traffic in Health & Disease, INSERM ERL U950, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Thierry Galli
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Membrane Traffic in Health & Disease, INSERM ERL U950, Paris F-75013, France
| | - David Tareste
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Membrane Traffic in Health & Disease, INSERM ERL U950, Paris F-75013, France
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31
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Lee M, Ko YJ, Moon Y, Han M, Kim HW, Lee SH, Kang K, Jun Y. SNAREs support atlastin-mediated homotypic ER fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 2015. [PMID: 26216899 PMCID: PMC4523606 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201501043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin-like GTPases of the atlastin family are thought to mediate homotypic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane fusion; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we developed a simple and quantitative in vitro assay using isolated yeast microsomes for measuring yeast atlastin Sey1p-dependent ER fusion. Using this assay, we found that the ER SNAREs Sec22p and Sec20p were required for Sey1p-mediated ER fusion. Consistently, ER fusion was significantly reduced by inhibition of Sec18p and Sec17p, which regulate SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. The involvement of SNAREs in Sey1p-dependent ER fusion was further supported by the physical interaction of Sey1p with Sec22p and Ufe1p, another ER SNARE. Furthermore, our estimation of the concentration of Sey1p on isolated microsomes, together with the lack of fusion between Sey1p proteoliposomes even with a 25-fold excess of the physiological concentration of Sey1p, suggests that Sey1p requires additional factors to support ER fusion in vivo. Collectively, our data strongly suggest that SNARE-mediated membrane fusion is involved in atlastin-initiated homotypic ER fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea Integrative Aging Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Ko
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea Integrative Aging Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Yeojin Moon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea Integrative Aging Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Minsoo Han
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea Integrative Aging Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Hyung-Wook Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea
| | - Sung Haeng Lee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - KyeongJin Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea Integrative Aging Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
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32
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Galea G, Bexiga MG, Panarella A, O'Neill ED, Simpson JC. A high-content screening microscopy approach to dissect the role of Rab proteins in Golgi-to-ER retrograde trafficking. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2339-49. [PMID: 25999475 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.167973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a high-content microscopy-based screen that allowed us to systematically assess and rank proteins involved in Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrograde transport in mammalian cells. Using a cell line stably expressing a GFP-tagged Golgi enzyme, we used brefeldin A treatment to stimulate the production of Golgi-to-ER carriers and then quantitatively analysed populations of cells for changes in this trafficking event. Systematic RNA interference (RNAi)-based depletion of 58 Rab GTPase proteins and 12 Rab accessory proteins of the PRAF, YIPF and YIF protein families revealed that nine of these were strong regulators. In addition to demonstrating roles for Rab1a, Rab1b, Rab2a, and Rab6a or Rab6a' in this transport step, we also identified Rab10 and Rab11a as playing a role and being physically present on a proportion of the Golgi-to-ER tubular intermediates. Combinatorial depletions of Rab proteins also revealed previously undescribed functional co-operation and physical co-occurrence between several Rab proteins. Our approach therefore provides a novel and robust strategy for a more complete investigation of the molecular components required to regulate Golgi-to-ER transport in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Galea
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mariana G Bexiga
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Angela Panarella
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Elaine D O'Neill
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Nair-Gupta P, Baccarini A, Tung N, Seyffer F, Florey O, Huang Y, Banerjee M, Overholtzer M, Roche PA, Tampé R, Brown BD, Amsen D, Whiteheart SW, Blander JM. TLR signals induce phagosomal MHC-I delivery from the endosomal recycling compartment to allow cross-presentation. Cell 2015; 158:506-21. [PMID: 25083866 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathway for MHC class I (MHC-I) presentation in dendritic cells enables cross-presentation of peptides derived from phagocytosed microbes, infected cells, or tumor cells to CD8 T cells. How these peptides intersect with MHC-I molecules remains poorly understood. Here, we show that MHC-I selectively accumulate within phagosomes carrying microbial components, which engage Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Although cross-presentation requires Sec22b-mediated phagosomal recruitment of the peptide loading complex from the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), this step is independent of TLR signaling and does not deliver MHC-I. Instead, MHC-I are recruited from an endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), which is marked by Rab11a, VAMP3/cellubrevin, and VAMP8/endobrevin and holds large reserves of MHC-I. While Rab11a activity stocks ERC stores with MHC-I, MyD88-dependent TLR signals drive IκB-kinase (IKK)2-mediated phosphorylation of phagosome-associated SNAP23. Phospho-SNAP23 stabilizes SNARE complexes orchestrating ERC-phagosome fusion, enrichment of phagosomes with ERC-derived MHC-I, and subsequent cross-presentation during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Nair-Gupta
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alessia Baccarini
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Navpreet Tung
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Fabian Seyffer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence-Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Florey
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yunjie Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Meenakshi Banerjee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paul A Roche
- Experimental Cell Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence-Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Brian D Brown
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Derk Amsen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - J Magarian Blander
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Ito Y, Uemura T, Nakano A. Formation and maintenance of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 310:221-87. [PMID: 24725428 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800180-6.00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays essential roles in intracellular trafficking, protein and lipid modification, and polysaccharide synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It is well known for its unique stacked structure, which is conserved among most eukaryotes. However, the mechanisms of biogenesis and maintenance of the structure, which are deeply related to ER-Golgi and intra-Golgi transport systems, have long been mysterious. Now having extremely powerful microscopic technologies developed for live-cell imaging, the plant Golgi apparatus provides an ideal system to resolve the question. The plant Golgi apparatus has unique features that are not conserved in other kingdoms, which will also give new insights into the Golgi functions in plant life. In this review, we will summarize the features of the plant Golgi apparatus and transport mechanisms around it, with a focus on recent advances in Golgi biogenesis by live imaging of plants cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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Grsf1-induced translation of the SNARE protein Use1 is required for expansion of the erythroid compartment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104631. [PMID: 25184340 PMCID: PMC4153549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of cell proliferation requires a concomitant increase in the synthesis of glycosylated lipids and membrane proteins, which is dependent on ER-Golgi protein transport by CopII-coated vesicles. In this process, retrograde transport of ER resident proteins from the Golgi is crucial to maintain ER integrity, and allows for anterograde transport to continue. We previously showed that expression of the CopI specific SNARE protein Use1 (Unusual SNARE in the ER 1) is tightly regulated by eIF4E-dependent translation initiation of Use1 mRNA. Here we investigate the mechanism that controls Use1 mRNA translation. The 5'UTR of mouse Use1 contains a 156 nt alternatively spliced intron. The non-spliced form is the predominantly translated mRNA. The alternatively spliced sequence contains G-repeats that bind the RNA-binding protein G-rich sequence binding factor 1 (Grsf1) in RNA band shift assays. The presence of these G-repeats rendered translation of reporter constructs dependent on the Grsf1 concentration. Down regulation of either Grsf1 or Use1 abrogated expansion of erythroblasts. The 5'UTR of human Use1 lacks the splice donor site, but contains an additional upstream open reading frame in close proximity of the translation start site. Similar to mouse Use1, also the human 5'UTR contains G-repeats in front of the start codon. In conclusion, Grsf1 controls translation of the SNARE protein Use1, possibly by positioning the 40S ribosomal subunit and associated translation factors in front of the translation start site.
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Rogers JV, Arlow T, Inkellis ER, Koo TS, Rose MD. ER-associated SNAREs and Sey1p mediate nuclear fusion at two distinct steps during yeast mating. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:3896-908. [PMID: 24152736 PMCID: PMC3861085 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-08-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During yeast mating, two haploid nuclei fuse membranes to form a single diploid nucleus. However, the known proteins required for nuclear fusion are unlikely to function as direct fusogens (i.e., they are unlikely to directly catalyze lipid bilayer fusion) based on their predicted structure and localization. Therefore we screened known fusogens from vesicle trafficking (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors [SNAREs]) and homotypic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) fusion (Sey1p) for additional roles in nuclear fusion. Here we demonstrate that the ER-localized SNAREs Sec20p, Ufe1p, Use1p, and Bos1p are required for efficient nuclear fusion. In contrast, Sey1p is required indirectly for nuclear fusion; sey1Δ zygotes accumulate ER at the zone of cell fusion, causing a block in nuclear congression. However, double mutants of Sey1p and Sec20p, Ufe1p, or Use1p, but not Bos1p, display extreme ER morphology defects, worse than either single mutant, suggesting that retrograde SNAREs fuse ER in the absence of Sey1p. Together these data demonstrate that SNAREs mediate nuclear fusion, ER fusion after cell fusion is necessary to complete nuclear congression, and there exists a SNARE-mediated, Sey1p-independent ER fusion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason V. Rogers
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014
| | - Tim Arlow
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014
| | | | - Timothy S. Koo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014
| | - Mark D. Rose
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014
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Lisauskas T, Matula P, Claas C, Reusing S, Wiemann S, Erfle H, Lehmann L, Fischer P, Eils R, Rohr K, Storrie B, Starkuviene V. Live-cell assays to identify regulators of ER-to-Golgi trafficking. Traffic 2012; 13:416-32. [PMID: 22132776 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01318.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We applied fluorescence microscopy-based quantitative assays to living cells to identify regulators of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi trafficking and/or Golgi complex maintenance. We first validated an automated procedure to identify factors which influence Golgi-to-ER relocalization of GalT-CFP (β1,4-galactosyltransferase I-cyan fluorescent protein) after brefeldin A (BFA) addition and/or wash-out. We then tested 14 proteins that localize to the ER and/or Golgi complex when overexpressed for a role in ER-to-Golgi trafficking. Nine of them interfered with the rate of BFA-induced redistribution of GalT-CFP from the Golgi complex to the ER, six of them interfered with GalT-CFP redistribution from the ER to a juxtanuclear region (i.e. the Golgi complex) after BFA wash-out and six of them were positive effectors in both assays. Notably, our live-cell approach captures regulator function in ER-to-Golgi trafficking, which was missed in previous fixed cell assays, as well as assigns putative roles for other less characterized proteins. Moreover, we show that our assays can be extended to RNAi and chemical screens.
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38
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Abstract
Antero- and retrograde cargo transport through the Golgi requires a series of membrane fusion events. Fusion occurs at the cis- and trans-side and along the rims of the Golgi stack. Four functional SNARE complexes have been identified mediating lipid bilayer merger in the Golgi. Their function is tightly controlled by a series of reactions involving vesicle tethering and SM proteins. This network of protein interactions spatially and temporally determines the specificity of transport vesicle targeting and fusion within the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Malsam
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Bircham PW, Maass DR, Roberts CA, Kiew PY, Low YS, Yegambaram M, Matthews J, Jack CA, Atkinson PH. Secretory pathway genes assessed by high-throughput microscopy and synthetic genetic array analysis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:2589-98. [PMID: 21731954 DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05175j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a procedure for automated confocal microscopy to image the effect of the non-essential yeast gene deletion set on the localisation of the plasma membrane GFP-labelled protein Mrh1p-GFP. To achieve this it was necessary to devise an expression system expressing Redstar2 RFP-fluorescence specifically in the nucleus, mCherry RFP at a lower intensity in the cytoplasm and Mrh1p-GFP in the plasma membrane. This fluorescence labelling scheme utilising specifically designed image analysis scripts allowed automated segmentation of the cells into sub-regions comprising nuclei, cytoplasm and cell-surface. From this high-throughput high content screening approach we were able to determine that gene deletions including emc1Δ, emc2Δ, emc3Δ, emc4Δ, emc5Δ and emc6Δ, caused intracellular mislocalisation at the ER of a plasma membrane protein Mrh1p-GFP. CPY processing patterns were unaffected in these mutants and collectively our data suggest a transport role for the EMC genes within the early secretory pathway. HAC1 is central to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and in its absence, i.e. the absence of UPR, emc1Δ-, emc3Δ-, emc4Δ-, emc5Δ-hac1Δ double mutants were specifically hypersensitive to ER-stress (tunicamycin) lending credence to the usefulness of the high content microscope screening for discovery of functional effects of single mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Bircham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, New Zealand
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Membrane fusion by the GTPase atlastin requires a conserved C-terminal cytoplasmic tail and dimerization through the middle domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:11133-8. [PMID: 21690399 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1105056108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis and maintenance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) requires membrane fusion. ER homotypic fusion is driven by the large GTPase atlastin. Domain analysis of atlastin shows that a conserved region of the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail is absolutely required for fusion activity. Atlastin in adjacent membranes must associate to bring the ER membranes into molecular contact. Drosophila atlastin dimerizes in the presence of GTPγS but is monomeric with GDP or without nucleotide. Oligomerization requires the juxtamembrane middle domain three-helix bundle, as does efficient GTPase activity. A soluble version of the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain that contains the GTPase domain and the middle domain three-helix bundle serves as a potent, concentration-dependent inhibitor of membrane fusion both in vitro and in vivo. However, atlastin domains lacking the middle domain are without effect. GTP-dependent dimerization of atlastin generates an enzymatically active protein that drives membrane fusion after nucleotide hydrolysis and conformational reorganization.
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Meiringer CTA, Rethmeier R, Auffarth K, Wilson J, Perz A, Barlowe C, Schmitt HD, Ungermann C. The Dsl1 protein tethering complex is a resident endoplasmic reticulum complex, which interacts with five soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptors (SNAREs): implications for fusion and fusion regulation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:25039-46. [PMID: 21550981 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.215327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrograde vesicular transport from the Golgi to the ER requires the Dsl1 tethering complex, which consists of the three subunits Dsl1, Dsl3, and Tip20. It forms a stable complex with the SNAREs Ufe1, Use1, and Sec20 to mediate fusion of COPI vesicles with the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we analyze molecular interactions between five SNAREs of the ER (Ufe1, Use1, Sec20, Sec22, and Ykt6) and the Dsl1 complex in vitro and in vivo. Of the two R-SNAREs, Sec22 is preferred over Ykt6 in the Dsl-SNARE complex. The NSF homolog Sec18 can displace Ykt6 but not Sec22, suggesting a regulatory function for Ykt6. In addition, our data also reveal that subunits of the Dsl1 complex (Dsl1, Dsl3, and Tip20), as well as the SNAREs Ufe1 and Sec20, are ER-resident proteins that do not seem to move into COPII vesicles. Our data support a model, in which a tethering complex is stabilized at the organelle membrane by binding to SNAREs, recognizes the incoming vesicle via its coat and then promotes its SNARE-mediated fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph T A Meiringer
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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42
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Diefenbacher M, Thorsteinsdottir H, Spang A. The Dsl1 tethering complex actively participates in soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex assembly at the endoplasmic reticulum in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:25027-38. [PMID: 21482823 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.215657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular transport is largely dependent on vesicles that bud off from one compartment and fuse with the target compartment. The first contact of an incoming vesicle with the target membrane is mediated by tethering factors. The tethering factor responsible for recruiting Golgi-derived vesicles to the ER is the Dsl1 tethering complex, which is comprised of the essential proteins Dsl1p, Dsl3p, and Tip20p. We investigated the role of the Tip20p subunit at the ER by analyzing two mutants, tip20-5 and tip20-8. Both mutants contained multiple mutations that were scattered throughout the TIP20 sequence. Individual mutations could not reproduce the temperature-sensitive phenotype of tip20-5 and tip20-8, indicating that the overall structure of Tip20p might be altered in the mutants. Using molecular dynamics simulations comparing Tip20p and Tip20-8p revealed that some regions, particularly the N-terminal domain and parts of the stalk region, were more flexible in the mutant protein, consistent with its increased susceptibility to proteolysis. Both Tip20-5p and Tip20-8p mutants prevented proper ER trans-SNARE complex assembly in vitro. Moreover, Tip20p mutant proteins disturbed the interaction between Dsl1p and the coatomer coat complex, indicating that the Dsl1p-coatomer interaction could be stabilized or regulated by Tip20p. We provide evidence for a direct role of the Dsl1 complex, in particular Tip20p, in the formation and stabilization of ER SNARE complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Diefenbacher
- Biozentrum, Growth & Development, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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43
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El-Kasmi F, Pacher T, Strompen G, Stierhof YD, Müller LM, Koncz C, Mayer U, Jürgens G. Arabidopsis SNARE protein SEC22 is essential for gametophyte development and maintenance of Golgi-stack integrity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 66:268-79. [PMID: 21205036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Membrane traffic contributes to plant growth and development. However, the functional significance of SNARE proteins involved in membrane fusion of the early secretory pathway has not been explored with respect to plant development. Here we analyze the Arabidopsis v-SNARE SEC22. Loss of SEC22 function impairs gametophyte development, as indicated by reciprocal crosses between wild-type plants and plants heterozygous for T-DNA insertions in the SEC22 gene. sec22 mutant pollen becomes abnormal during the bicellular stage, eventually giving rise to degenerated pollen grains. Most mutant embryo sacs fail to support embryogenesis and display unfused polar nuclei in their central cell. Immunolocalization by both light and electron microscopy revealed an association of mutant-complementing Myc-tagged SEC22 with the central and peripheral endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ultrastructural analysis of developing sec22 mutant pollen demonstrated Golgi fragmentation and consumption. As a consequence, the plasma membrane-targeted syntaxin SYP124 was retained in the ER. Our results suggest that SEC22 plays an essential role in early secretory traffic between the ER and the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid El-Kasmi
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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44
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R-SNARE homolog MoSec22 is required for conidiogenesis, cell wall integrity, and pathogenesis of Magnaporthe oryzae. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13193. [PMID: 20949084 PMCID: PMC2950850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins mediate intracellular vesicle fusion, which is an essential cellular process of the eukaryotic cells. To investigate the role of SNARE proteins in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, MoSec22, an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SNARE protein Sec22, was identified and the MoSEC22 gene disrupted. MoSec22 restored a S. cerevisiae sec22 mutant in resistance to cell wall perturbing agents, and the ΔMosec22 mutant also exhibited defects in mycelial growth, conidial production, and infection of the host plant. Treatment with oxidative stress inducers indicated a breach in cell wall integrity, and staining and quantification assays suggested abnormal chitin deposition on the lateral walls of hyphae of the ΔMosec22 mutant. Furthermore, hypersensitivity to the oxidative stress correlates with the reduced expression of the extracellular enzymes peroxidases and laccases. Our study thus provides new evidence on the conserved function of Sec22 among fungal organisms and indicates that MoSec22 has a role in maintaining cell wall integrity affecting the growth, morphogenesis, and virulence of M. oryzae.
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Ren Y, Yip CK, Tripathi A, Huie D, Jeffrey PD, Walz T, Hughson FM. A structure-based mechanism for vesicle capture by the multisubunit tethering complex Dsl1. Cell 2010; 139:1119-29. [PMID: 20005805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vesicle trafficking requires membrane fusion, mediated by SNARE proteins, and upstream events that probably include "tethering," an initial long-range attachment between a vesicle and its target organelle. Among the factors proposed to mediate tethering are a set of multisubunit tethering complexes (MTCs). The Dsl1 complex, with only three subunits, is the simplest known MTC and is essential for the retrograde traffic of COPI-coated vesicles from the Golgi to the ER. To elucidate structural principles underlying MTC function, we have determined the structure of the Dsl1 complex, revealing a tower containing at its base the binding sites for two ER SNAREs and at its tip a flexible lasso for capturing vesicles. The Dsl1 complex binds to individual SNAREs via their N-terminal regulatory domains and also to assembled SNARE complexes; moreover, it is capable of accelerating SNARE complex assembly. Our results suggest that even the simplest MTC may be capable of orchestrating vesicle capture, uncoating, and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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46
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Genomewide analysis reveals novel pathways affecting endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, protein modification and quality control. Genetics 2009; 182:757-69. [PMID: 19433630 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.109.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain new mechanistic insight into ER homeostasis and the biogenesis of secretory proteins, we screened a genomewide collection of yeast mutants for defective intracellular retention of the ER chaperone, Kar2p. We identified 87 Kar2p-secreting strains, including a number of known components in secretory protein modification and sorting. Further characterization of the 73 nonessential Kar2p retention mutants revealed roles for a number of novel gene products in protein glycosylation, GPI-anchor attachment, ER quality control, and retrieval of escaped ER residents. A subset of these mutants, required for ER retrieval, included the GET complex and two novel proteins that likely function similarly in membrane insertion of tail-anchored proteins. Finally, the variant histone, Htz1p, and its acetylation state seem to play an important role in maintaining ER retrieval pathways, suggesting a surprising link between chromatin remodeling and ER homeostasis.
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Aoki T, Ichimura S, Itoh A, Kuramoto M, Shinkawa T, Isobe T, Tagaya M. Identification of the neuroblastoma-amplified gene product as a component of the syntaxin 18 complex implicated in Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum retrograde transport. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:2639-49. [PMID: 19369418 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-11-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntaxin 18, a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein implicated in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane fusion, forms a complex with other SNAREs (BNIP1, p31, and Sec22b) and several peripheral membrane components (Sly1, ZW10, and RINT-1). In the present study, we showed that a peripheral membrane protein encoded by the neuroblastoma-amplified gene (NAG) is a subunit of the syntaxin 18 complex. NAG encodes a protein of 2371 amino acids, which exhibits weak similarity to yeast Dsl3p/Sec39p, an 82-kDa component of the complex containing the yeast syntaxin 18 orthologue Ufe1p. Under conditions favoring SNARE complex disassembly, NAG was released from syntaxin 18 but remained in a p31-ZW10-RINT-1 subcomplex. Binding studies showed that the extreme N-terminal region of p31 is responsible for the interaction with NAG and that the N- and the C-terminal regions of NAG interact with p31 and ZW10-RINT-1, respectively. Knockdown of NAG resulted in a reduction in the expression of p31, confirming their intimate relationship. NAG depletion did not substantially affect Golgi morphology and protein export from the ER, but it caused redistribution of Golgi recycling proteins accompanied by a defect in protein glycosylation. These results together suggest that NAG links between p31 and ZW10-RINT-1 and is involved in Golgi-to-ER transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Aoki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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p31 deficiency influences endoplasmic reticulum tubular morphology and cell survival. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:1869-81. [PMID: 19188447 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01089-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
p31, the mammalian orthologue of yeast Use1p, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP) receptor (SNARE) that forms a complex with other SNAREs, particularly syntaxin 18. However, the role of p31 in ER function remains unknown. To determine the role of p31 in vivo, we generated p31 conditional knockout mice. We found that homozygous deletion of the p31 gene led to early embryonic lethality before embryonic day 8.5. Conditional knockout of p31 in brains and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) caused massive apoptosis accompanied by upregulation of ER stress-associated genes. Microscopic analysis showed vesiculation and subsequent enlargement of the ER membrane in p31-deficient cells. This type of drastic disorganization in the ER tubules has not been demonstrated to date. This marked change in ER structure preceded nuclear translocation of the ER stress-related transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), suggesting that ER stress-induced apoptosis resulted from disruption of the ER membrane structure. Taken together, these results suggest that p31 is an essential molecule involved in the maintenance of ER morphology and that its deficiency leads to ER stress-induced apoptosis.
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49
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Tripathi A, Ren Y, Jeffrey PD, Hughson FM. Structural characterization of Tip20p and Dsl1p, subunits of the Dsl1p vesicle tethering complex. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2009; 16:114-23. [PMID: 19151722 PMCID: PMC2635920 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multisubunit tethering complexes are essential for intracellular trafficking and have been proposed to mediate the initial interaction between vesicles and the membranes with which they fuse. Here, we report initial structural characterization of the Dsl1p complex, whose three subunits are essential for trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the ER. Crystal structures reveal that two of the three subunits, Tip20p and Dsl1p, resemble known subunits of the exocyst complex, establishing a structural connection among several multisubunit tethering complexes and implying that many of their subunits are derived from a common progenitor. We show, moreover, that Tip20p and Dsl1p interact directly via N-terminal α-helices. Finally, we establish that different Dsl1p complex subunits bind independently to different ER SNARE proteins. Our results map out two alternative protein interaction networks capable of tethering COPI-coated vesicles, via the Dsl1p complex, to ER membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati Tripathi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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50
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Members of a mammalian SNARE complex interact in the endoplasmic reticulum in vivo and are found in COPI vesicles. Eur J Cell Biol 2008; 87:863-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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