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Cai R, Mikkilä J, Bengs A, Koirala M, Mikkilä J, Holm S, Juuti P, Meder M, Partovi F, Shcherbinin A, Worsnop D, Ehn M, Kangasluoma J. Extending the Range of Detectable Trace Species with the Fast Polarity Switching of Chemical Ionization Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8604-8612. [PMID: 38691094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Chemical ionization (CI) atmospheric pressure interface mass spectrometry is a unique analytical technique for its low detection limits, softness to preserve molecular information, and selectivity for particular classes of species. Here, we present a fast polarity switching approach for highly sensitive online analysis of a wide range of trace species in complex samples using selective CI chemistries and high-resolution mass spectrometry. It is achieved by successfully coupling a multischeme chemical ionization inlet (MION) and an Orbitrap Fourier transform mass spectrometer. The capability to flexibly combine ionization chemistries from both polarities effectively extends the detectability compared to using only one ionization chemistry, as commonly used positive and negative reagent ions tend to be sensitive to different classes of species. We tested the performance of the MION-Orbitrap using reactive gaseous organic species generated by α-pinene ozonolysis in an environmental chamber and a standard mixture of 71 pesticides. Diethylammonium and nitrate are used as reagent ions in positive and negative polarities. We show that with a mass resolving power of 280,000, the MION-Orbitrap can switch and measure both polarities within 1 min, which is sufficiently fast and stable to follow the temporal evolution of reactive organic species and the thermal desorption profile of pesticides. We detected 23 of the 71 pesticides in the mixture using only nitrate as the reagent ion. Facilitated by polarity switching, we also detected 47 pesticides using diethylammonium, improving the total number of detected species to 59. For reactive organic species generated by α-pinene ozonolysis, we show that combining diethylammonium and nitrate addresses the need to measure oxygenated molecules in atmospheric environments with a wide range of oxidation states. These results indicate that the polarity switching MION-Orbitrap can promisingly serve as a versatile tool for the nontargeted chemical analysis of trace species in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runlong Cai
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Joona Mikkilä
- Karsa Ltd., A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Bengs
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mrisha Koirala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyri Mikkilä
- Karsa Ltd., A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sebastian Holm
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paxton Juuti
- Karsa Ltd., A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Melissa Meder
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fariba Partovi
- Karsa Ltd., A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Douglas Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Karsa Ltd., A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Link MF, Robertson RL, Shore A, Hamadani BH, Cecelski CE, Poppendieck DG. Ozone generation and chemistry from 222 nm germicidal ultraviolet light in a fragrant restroom. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024. [PMID: 38787731 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00144c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Devices using 222 nm germicidal ultraviolet light (GUV222) have been marketed to reduce virus transmission indoors with low risk of occupant harm from direct UV exposure. GUV222 generates ozone, an indoor air pollutant and oxidant, under constrained laboratory conditions, but the chemistry byproducts of GUV222-generated ozone in real indoor spaces is uncharacterized. We deployed GUV222 in a public restroom, with an air change rate of 1 h-1 one weekend and 2 h-1 the next, to measure ozone formation and byproducts generated from ozone chemistry indoors. Ozone from GUV222 increased background concentrations by 5 ppb on average for both weekends and reacted rapidly (e.g., at rates of 3.7 h-1 for the first weekend and 2.0 h-1 for the second) with gas-phase precursors emitted by urinal screens and on surfaces. These ozone reactions generated volatile organic compound and aerosol byproducts (e.g., up to 2.6 μg m-3 of aerosol mass). We find that GUV222 is enhancing indoor chemistry by at least a factor of two for this restroom. The extent of this enhanced chemistry will likely be different for different indoor spaces and is dependent upon ventilation rates, species and concentrations of precursor VOCs, and surface reactivity. Informed by our measurements of ozone reactivity and background aerosol concentrations, we present a framework for predicting aerosol byproduct formation from GUV222 that can be extended to other indoor spaces. Further research is needed to understand how typical uses of GUV222 could impact air quality in chemically diverse indoor spaces and generate indoor air chemistry byproducts that can affect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Link
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Rileigh L Robertson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Andrew Shore
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Behrang H Hamadani
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
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Yin D, Zhao B, Wang S, Donahue NM, Feng B, Chang X, Chen Q, Cheng X, Liu T, Chan CK, Schervish M, Li Z, He Y, Hao J. Fostering a Holistic Understanding of the Full Volatility Spectrum of Organic Compounds from Benzene Series Precursors through Mechanistic Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8380-8392. [PMID: 38691504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the full volatility spectrum of organic oxidation products from the benzene series precursors is important to quantify the air quality and climate effects of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and new particle formation (NPF). However, current models fail to capture the full volatility spectrum due to the absence of important reaction pathways. Here, we develop a novel unified model framework, the integrated two-dimensional volatility basis set (I2D-VBS), to simulate the full volatility spectrum of products from benzene series precursors by simultaneously representing first-generational oxidation, multigenerational aging, autoxidation, dimerization, nitrate formation, etc. The model successfully reproduces the volatility and O/C distributions of oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) as well as the concentrations and the O/C of SOA over wide-ranging experimental conditions. In typical urban environments, autoxidation and multigenerational oxidation are the two main pathways for the formation of OOMs and SOA with similar contributions, but autoxidation contributes more to low-volatility products. NOx can reduce about two-thirds of OOMs and SOA, and most of the extremely low-volatility products compared to clean conditions, by suppressing dimerization and autoxidation. The I2D-VBS facilitates a holistic understanding of full volatility product formation, which helps fill the large gap in the predictions of organic NPF, particle growth, and SOA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejia Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Boyang Feng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Laboratory of Transport Pollution Control and Monitoring Technology, Transport Planning and Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, BIC-ESAT and IJRC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, BIC-ESAT and IJRC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tengyu Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chak K Chan
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meredith Schervish
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zeqi Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yicong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Huang W, Junninen H, Garmash O, Lehtipalo K, Stolzenburg D, Lampilahti JLP, Ezhova E, Schallhart S, Rantala P, Aliaga D, Ahonen L, Sulo J, Quéléver LLJ, Cai R, Alekseychik P, Mazon SB, Yao L, Blichner SM, Zha Q, Mammarella I, Kirkby J, Kerminen VM, Worsnop DR, Kulmala M, Bianchi F. Potential pre-industrial-like new particle formation induced by pure biogenic organic vapors in Finnish peatland. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm9191. [PMID: 38569045 PMCID: PMC10990286 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Pure biogenic new particle formation (NPF) induced by highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) could be an important mechanism for pre-industrial aerosol formation. However, it has not been unambiguously confirmed in the ambient due to the scarcity of truly pristine continental locations in the present-day atmosphere or the lack of chemical characterization of NPF precursors. Here, we report ambient observations of pure biogenic HOM-driven NPF over a peatland in southern Finland. Meteorological decoupling processes formed an "air pocket" (i.e., a very shallow surface layer) at night and favored NPF initiated entirely by biogenic HOM from this peatland, whose atmospheric environment closely resembles that of the pre-industrial era. Our study sheds light on pre-industrial aerosol formation, which represents the baseline for estimating the impact of present and future aerosol on climate, as well as on future NPF, the features of which may revert toward pre-industrial-like conditions due to air pollution mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Heikki Junninen
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Olga Garmash
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Tampere 33720, Finland
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Atmospheric Composition Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki 00101, Finland
| | | | - Janne L. P. Lampilahti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Ezhova
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Simon Schallhart
- Atmospheric Composition Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki 00101, Finland
| | - Pekka Rantala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Diego Aliaga
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Lauri Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Juha Sulo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Lauriane L. J. Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Runlong Cai
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Pavel Alekseychik
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Bioeconomy and Environment, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Stephany B. Mazon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Lei Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Sara M. Blichner
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418, Sweden
| | - Qiaozhi Zha
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
| | - Veli-Matti Kerminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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5
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Li Y, Li X, Cai R, Yan C, Zheng G, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Hua C, Kerminen VM, Liu Y, Kulmala M, Hao J, Smith JN, Jiang J. The Significant Role of New Particle Composition and Morphology on the HNO 3-Driven Growth of Particles down to Sub-10 nm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5442-5452. [PMID: 38478878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
New particle formation and growth greatly influence air quality and the global climate. Recent CERN Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber experiments proposed that in cold urban atmospheres with highly supersaturated HNO3 and NH3, newly formed sub-10 nm nanoparticles can grow rapidly (up to 1000 nm h-1). Here, we present direct observational evidence that in winter Beijing with persistent highly supersaturated HNO3 and NH3, nitrate contributed less than ∼14% of the 8-40 nm nanoparticle composition, and overall growth rates were only ∼0.8-5 nm h-1. To explain the observed growth rates and particulate nitrate fraction, the effective mass accommodation coefficient of HNO3 (αHNO3) on the nanoparticles in urban Beijing needs to be 2-4 orders of magnitude lower than those in the CLOUD chamber. We propose that the inefficient uptake of HNO3 on nanoparticles is mainly due to the much higher particulate organic fraction and lower relative humidity in urban Beijing. To quantitatively reproduce the observed growth, we show that an inhomogeneous "inorganic core-organic shell" nanoparticle morphology might exist for nanoparticles in Beijing. This study emphasized that growth for nanoparticles down to sub-10 nm was largely influenced by their composition, which was previously ignored and should be considered in future studies on nanoparticle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Runlong Cai
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Guangjie Zheng
- Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Yiran Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yijing Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Yishuo Guo
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Chenjie Hua
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Veli-Matti Kerminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - James N Smith
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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6
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Chang Y, Feng YN, Cheng L, Hu J, Zhu L, Tan W, Zhong H, Zhang Y, Huang RJ, Sun Y. Trimethylamine from Subtropical Forests Rival Total Farmland Emissions in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5453-5460. [PMID: 38477969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Many types of living plants release gaseous trimethylamine (TMA), making it a potentially important contributor to new particle formation (NPF) in remote areas. However, a panoramic view of the importance of forest biogenic TMA at the regional scale is lacking. Here, we pioneered nationwide mobile measurements of TMA across a transect of contiguous farmland in eastern China and a transect of subtropical forests in southern China. In contrast to the farmland route, TMA concentrations measured during the subtropical forest route correlated significantly with isoprene, suggesting potential TMA emissions from leaves. Our high time-resolved concentrations obtained from a weak photo-oxidizing atmosphere reflected freshly emitted TMA, indicating the highest emission intensity from irrigated dryland (set as the baseline of 10), followed by paddy field (7.1), subtropical evergreen forests (5.9), and subtropical broadleaf and mixed forests (4.3). Extrapolating their proportions roughly to China, subtropical forests alone, which constitute half of the total forest area, account for nearly 70% of the TMA emissions from the nation's total farmland. Our estimates, despite the uncertainties, take the first step toward large-scale assessment of forest biogenic amines, highlighting the need for observational and modeling studies to consider this hitherto overlooked source of TMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yu-Ning Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- TOFWERK China, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Wen Tan
- TOFWERK China, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Haobin Zhong
- College of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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7
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Marten R, Xiao M, Wang M, Kong W, He XC, Stolzenburg D, Pfeifer J, Marie G, Wang DS, Elser M, Baccarini A, Lee CP, Amorim A, Baalbaki R, Bell DM, Bertozzi B, Caudillo L, Dada L, Duplissy J, Finkenzeller H, Heinritzi M, Lampimäki M, Lehtipalo K, Manninen HE, Mentler B, Onnela A, Petäjä T, Philippov M, Rörup B, Scholz W, Shen J, Tham YJ, Tomé A, Wagner AC, Weber SK, Zauner-Wieczorek M, Curtius J, Kulmala M, Volkamer R, Worsnop DR, Dommen J, Flagan RC, Kirkby J, McPherson Donahue N, Lamkaddam H, Baltensperger U, El Haddad I. Assessing the importance of nitric acid and ammonia for particle growth in the polluted boundary layer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2024; 4:265-274. [PMID: 38371605 PMCID: PMC10867809 DOI: 10.1039/d3ea00001j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Aerosols formed and grown by gas-to-particle processes are a major contributor to smog and haze in megacities, despite the competition between growth and loss rates. Rapid growth rates from ammonium nitrate formation have the potential to sustain particle number in typical urban polluted conditions. This process requires supersaturation of gas-phase ammonia and nitric acid with respect to ammonium nitrate saturation ratios. Urban environments are inhomogeneous. In the troposphere, vertical mixing is fast, and aerosols may experience rapidly changing temperatures. In areas close to sources of pollution, gas-phase concentrations can also be highly variable. In this work we present results from nucleation experiments at -10 °C and 5 °C in the CLOUD chamber at CERN. We verify, using a kinetic model, how long supersaturation is likely to be sustained under urban conditions with temperature and concentration inhomogeneities, and the impact it may have on the particle size distribution. We show that rapid and strong temperature changes of 1 °C min-1 are needed to cause rapid growth of nanoparticles through ammonium nitrate formation. Furthermore, inhomogeneous emissions of ammonia in cities may also cause rapid growth of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Marten
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Mingyi Wang
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Weimeng Kong
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute FI-00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
- Institute for Materials Chemistry, TU Wien 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Joschka Pfeifer
- CERN CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Guillaume Marie
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Dongyu S Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Miriam Elser
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Andrea Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
- Atmospheric Processes and Their Impact, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Chuan Ping Lee
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Antonio Amorim
- CENTRA, FCUL, University of Lisbon 1749-016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - David M Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Barbara Bertozzi
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Lucía Caudillo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Lubna Dada
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder 215 UCB Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Martin Heinritzi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Markus Lampimäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute FI-00560 Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Bernhard Mentler
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | | | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Maxim Philippov
- Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Leninsky prospekt, 53 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Birte Rörup
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Wiebke Scholz
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Jiali Shen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Yee Jun Tham
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - António Tomé
- IDL-Universidade da Beira Interior 6201-001 Covilhã Portugal
| | - Andrea C Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Department of Chemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder 215 UCB Boulder 80309 CO USA
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University FI-33014 Tampere Finland
| | - Stefan K Weber
- CERN CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder 215 UCB Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
- Aerodyne Research 01821 Billerica MA USA
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Richard C Flagan
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- CERN CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Neil McPherson Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University 1521 Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
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8
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Li L, Thomsen D, Wu C, Priestley M, Iversen EM, Tygesen Sko̷nager J, Luo Y, Ehn M, Roldin P, Pedersen HB, Bilde M, Glasius M, Hallquist M. Gas-to-Particle Partitioning of Products from Ozonolysis of Δ 3-Carene and the Effect of Temperature and Relative Humidity. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:918-928. [PMID: 38293769 PMCID: PMC10860141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Formation of oxidized products from Δ3-carene (C10H16) ozonolysis and their gas-to-particle partitioning at three temperatures (0, 10, and 20 °C) under dry conditions (<2% RH) and also at 10 °C under humid (78% RH) conditions were studied using a time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ToF-CIMS) combined with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols (FIGAERO). The Δ3-carene ozonolysis products detected by the FIGAERO-ToF-CIMS were dominated by semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). The main effect of increasing temperature or RH on the product distribution was an increase in fragmentation of monomer compounds (from C10 to C7 compounds), potentially via alkoxy scission losing a C3 group. The equilibrium partitioning coefficient estimated according to equilibrium partitioning theory shows that the measured SVOC products distribute more into the SOA phase as the temperature decreases from 20 to 10 and 0 °C and for most products as the RH increases from <2 to 78%. The temperature dependency of the saturation vapor pressure (above an assumed liquid state), derived from the partitioning method, also allows for a direct way to obtain enthalpy of vaporization for the detected species without accessibility of authentic standards of the pure substances. This method can provide physical properties, beneficial for, e.g., atmospheric modeling, of complex multifunctional oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Ditte Thomsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Michael Priestley
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | | | | | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Department
of Physics, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden
- IVL
Swedish Environmental Institute, Malmö21119, Sweden
| | - Henrik B. Pedersen
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Merete Bilde
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Marianne Glasius
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
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9
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Li D, Huang W, Wang D, Wang M, Thornton JA, Caudillo L, Rörup B, Marten R, Scholz W, Finkenzeller H, Marie G, Baltensperger U, Bell DM, Brasseur Z, Curtius J, Dada L, Duplissy J, Gong X, Hansel A, He XC, Hofbauer V, Junninen H, Krechmer JE, Kürten A, Lamkaddam H, Lehtipalo K, Lopez B, Ma Y, Mahfouz NGA, Manninen HE, Mentler B, Perrier S, Petäjä T, Pfeifer J, Philippov M, Schervish M, Schobesberger S, Shen J, Surdu M, Tomaz S, Volkamer R, Wang X, Weber SK, Welti A, Worsnop DR, Wu Y, Yan C, Zauner-Wieczorek M, Kulmala M, Kirkby J, Donahue NM, George C, El-Haddad I, Bianchi F, Riva M. Nitrate Radicals Suppress Biogenic New Particle Formation from Monoterpene Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1601-1614. [PMID: 38185880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) are a major source of new particles that affect the Earth's climate. HOM production from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) occurs during both the day and night and can lead to new particle formation (NPF). However, NPF involving organic vapors has been reported much more often during the daytime than during nighttime. Here, we show that the nitrate radicals (NO3), which arise predominantly at night, inhibit NPF during the oxidation of monoterpenes based on three lines of observational evidence: NPF experiments in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), radical chemistry experiments using an oxidation flow reactor, and field observations in a wetland that occasionally exhibits nocturnal NPF. Nitrooxy-peroxy radicals formed from NO3 chemistry suppress the production of ultralow-volatility organic compounds (ULVOCs) responsible for biogenic NPF, which are covalently bound peroxy radical (RO2) dimer association products. The ULVOC yield of α-pinene in the presence of NO3 is one-fifth of that resulting from ozone chemistry alone. Even trace amounts of NO3 radicals, at sub-parts per trillion level, suppress the NPF rate by a factor of 4. Ambient observations further confirm that when NO3 chemistry is involved, monoterpene NPF is completely turned off. Our results explain the frequent absence of nocturnal biogenic NPF in monoterpene (α-pinene)-rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne 69626, France
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Joel A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Lucía Caudillo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Birte Rörup
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ruby Marten
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Wiebke Scholz
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Guillaume Marie
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - David M Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Zoé Brasseur
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Lubna Dada
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Xianda Gong
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Victoria Hofbauer
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Heikki Junninen
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia
| | - Jordan E Krechmer
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Brandon Lopez
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yingge Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China
| | - Naser G A Mahfouz
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Hanna E Manninen
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneve 23 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Mentler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Sebastien Perrier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne 69626, France
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Joschka Pfeifer
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneve 23 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Maxim Philippov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Meredith Schervish
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | | | - Jiali Shen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Mihnea Surdu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Tomaz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne 69626, France
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xinke Wang
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne 69626, France
| | - Stefan K Weber
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneve 23 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - André Welti
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Yusheng Wu
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneve 23 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne 69626, France
| | - Imad El-Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Matthieu Riva
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne 69626, France
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10
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Li Z, Zhao B, Yin D, Wang S, Qiao X, Jiang J, Li Y, Shen J, He Y, Chang X, Li X, Liu Y, Li Y, Liu C, Qi X, Chen L, Chi X, Jiang Y, Li Y, Wu J, Nie W, Ding A. Modeling the Formation of Organic Compounds across Full Volatility Ranges and Their Contribution to Nanoparticle Growth in a Polluted Atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1223-1235. [PMID: 38117938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle growth influences atmospheric particles' climatic effects, and it is largely driven by low-volatility organic vapors. However, the magnitude and mechanism of organics' contribution to nanoparticle growth in polluted environments remain unclear because current observations and models cannot capture organics across full volatility ranges or track their formation chemistry. Here, we develop a mechanistic model that characterizes the full volatility spectrum of organic vapors and their contributions to nanoparticle growth by coupling advanced organic oxidation modeling and kinetic gas-particle partitioning. The model is applied to Nanjing, a typical polluted city, and it effectively captures the volatility distribution of low-volatility organics (with saturation vapor concentrations <0.3 μg/m3), thus accurately reproducing growth rates (GRs), with a 4.91% normalized mean bias. Simulations indicate that as particles grow from 4 to 40 nm, the relative fractions of GRs attributable to organics increase from 59 to 86%, with the remaining contribution from H2SO4 and its clusters. Aromatics contribute much to condensable organic vapors (∼37%), especially low-volatility vapors (∼61%), thus contributing the most to GRs (32-46%) as 4-40 nm particles grow. Alkanes also contribute 19-35% of GRs, while biogenic volatile organic compounds contribute minimally (<13%). Our model helps assess the climatic impacts of particles and predict future changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dejia Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiran Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiewen Shen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yicong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xing Chang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Transport Pollution Control and Monitoring Technology, Transport Planning and Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ximeng Qi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Liangduo Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuguang Chi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yueqi Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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11
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Fu Z, Ma F, Liu Y, Yan C, Huang D, Chen J, Elm J, Li Y, Ding A, Pichelstorfer L, Xie HB, Nie W, Francisco JS, Zhou P. An overlooked oxidation mechanism of toluene: computational predictions and experimental validations. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13050-13059. [PMID: 38023500 PMCID: PMC10664553 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03638c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) influence the Earth's climate and threaten human health. Aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) are major precursors for SOA formation in the urban atmosphere. However, the revealed oxidation mechanism dramatically underestimates the contribution of AHs to SOA formation, strongly suggesting the importance of seeking additional oxidation pathways for SOA formation. Using toluene, the most abundant AHs, as a model system and the combination of quantum chemical method and field observations based on advanced mass spectrometry, we herein demonstrate that the second-generation oxidation of AHs can form novel epoxides (TEPOX) with high yield. Such TEPOX can further react with H2SO4 or HNO3 in the aerosol phase to form less-volatile compounds including novel non-aromatic and ring-retaining organosulfates or organonitrates through reactive uptakes, providing new candidates of AH-derived organosulfates or organonitrates for future ambient observation. With the newly revealed mechanism, the chemistry-aerosol box modeling revealed that the SOA yield of toluene oxidation can reach up to 0.35, much higher than 0.088 based on the original mechanism under the conditions of pH = 2 and 0.1 ppbv NO. This study opens a route for the formation of reactive uptake SOA precursors from AHs and significantly fills the current knowledge gap for SOA formation in the urban atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chao Yan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Dandan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry, iClimate, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lukas Pichelstorfer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki P. O. Box 64 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
- pi-numerics Wallbachsiedlung 28 5202 Neumarkt am W. Austria
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA 19104-6316
| | - Putian Zhou
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki P. O. Box 64 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
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12
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Bell DM, Zhang J, Top J, Bogler S, Surdu M, Slowik JG, Prevot ASH, El Haddad I. Sensitivity Constraints of Extractive Electrospray for a Model System and Secondary Organic Aerosol. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13788-13795. [PMID: 37656668 PMCID: PMC10515109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of an aerosol chemical composition is complicated by the uncertainty in the sensitivity of each species detected. Soft-ionization response factors can vary widely from molecule to molecule. Here, we have employed a method to separate molecules by their volatility through systematic evaporation with a thermal denuder (TD). The fraction remaining after evaporation is compared between an extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), which provides a comparison between a quantified mass loss by the SMPS and the signal loss in the EESI-TOF. The sensitivity of the EESI-TOF is determined for both a simplified complex mixture (PEG-300) and also for a complex mixture of α-pinene secondary organic aerosol (SOA). For PEG-300, separation is possible on a molecule-by-molecule level with the TD and provides insights into the molecule-dependent sensitivity of the EESI-TOF, showing a higher sensitivity toward the most volatile molecule. For α-pinene SOA, sensitivity determination for specific classes is possible because of the number of molecular formula observed by the EESI-TOF. These classes are separated by their volatility and are broken down into monomers (O3-5,6-7,8+), dimers (O4-7,8+), and higher order oligomers (e.g., trimers and tetramers). Here, we show that the EESI-TOF initially measures 60.1% monomers, 32.7% dimers, and 7.2% trimers and tetramers in α-pinene SOA, but after sensitivity correction, the distribution of SOA is 37.4% monomers, 56.1% dimers, and 6.4% trimers and tetramers. These results provide a path forward for the quantification of aerosol components with the EESI-TOF in other applications and potentially for atmospheric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jens Top
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Bogler
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Mihnea Surdu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jay G. Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Andre S. H. Prevot
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
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13
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Dada L, Stolzenburg D, Simon M, Fischer L, Heinritzi M, Wang M, Xiao M, Vogel AL, Ahonen L, Amorim A, Baalbaki R, Baccarini A, Baltensperger U, Bianchi F, Daellenbach KR, DeVivo J, Dias A, Dommen J, Duplissy J, Finkenzeller H, Hansel A, He XC, Hofbauer V, Hoyle CR, Kangasluoma J, Kim C, Kürten A, Kvashnin A, Mauldin R, Makhmutov V, Marten R, Mentler B, Nie W, Petäjä T, Quéléver LLJ, Saathoff H, Tauber C, Tome A, Molteni U, Volkamer R, Wagner R, Wagner AC, Wimmer D, Winkler PM, Yan C, Zha Q, Rissanen M, Gordon H, Curtius J, Worsnop DR, Lehtipalo K, Donahue NM, Kirkby J, El Haddad I, Kulmala M. Role of sesquiterpenes in biogenic new particle formation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5297. [PMID: 37682996 PMCID: PMC10491295 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic vapors form new particles in the atmosphere, affecting global climate. The contributions of monoterpenes and isoprene to new particle formation (NPF) have been extensively studied. However, sesquiterpenes have received little attention despite a potentially important role due to their high molecular weight. Via chamber experiments performed under atmospheric conditions, we report biogenic NPF resulting from the oxidation of pure mixtures of β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, and isoprene, which produces oxygenated compounds over a wide range of volatilities. We find that a class of vapors termed ultralow-volatility organic compounds (ULVOCs) are highly efficient nucleators and quantitatively determine NPF efficiency. When compared with a mixture of isoprene and monoterpene alone, adding only 2% sesquiterpene increases the ULVOC yield and doubles the formation rate. Thus, sesquiterpene emissions need to be included in assessments of global aerosol concentrations in pristine climates where biogenic NPF is expected to be a major source of cloud condensation nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Dada
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Physik, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lukas Fischer
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Heinritzi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Alexander L. Vogel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lauri Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Antonio Amorim
- CENTRA and Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Andrea Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impact, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Kaspar R. Daellenbach
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jenna DeVivo
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Antonio Dias
- CENTRA and Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victoria Hofbauer
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Christopher R. Hoyle
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Changhyuk Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aleksander Kvashnin
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53, Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roy Mauldin
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Vladimir Makhmutov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53, Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
| | - Ruby Marten
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Mentler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wei Nie
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Lauriane L. J. Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Harald Saathoff
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Tome
- IDL-Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ugo Molteni
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Andrea C. Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Wimmer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | | | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Qiaozhi Zha
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Matti Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
- Chemistry Department, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hamish Gordon
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
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14
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Dada L, Okuljar M, Shen J, Olin M, Wu Y, Heimsch L, Herlin I, Kankaanrinta S, Lampimäki M, Kalliokoski J, Baalbaki R, Lohila A, Petäjä T, Maso MD, Duplissy J, Kerminen VM, Kulmala M. The synergistic role of sulfuric acid, ammonia and organics in particle formation over an agricultural land. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2023; 3:1195-1211. [PMID: 38014379 PMCID: PMC10413442 DOI: 10.1039/d3ea00065f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture provides people with food, but poses environmental challenges. Via comprehensive observations on an agricultural land at Qvidja in Southern Finland, we were able to show that soil-emitted compounds (mainly ammonia and amines), together with available sulfuric acid, form new aerosol particles which then grow to climate-relevant sizes by the condensation of extremely low volatile organic compounds originating from a side production of photosynthesis (compounds emitted by ground and surrounding vegetation). We found that intensive local clustering events, with particle formation rates at 3 nm about 5-10 times higher than typical rates in boreal forest environments, occur on around 30% of all days. The requirements for these clustering events to occur were found to be clear sky, a low wind speed to accumulate the emissions from local agricultural land, particularly ammonia, the presence of low volatile organic compounds, and sufficient gaseous sulfuric acid. The local clustering will then contribute to regional new particle formation. Since the agricultural land is much more effective per surface area than the boreal forest in producing aerosol particles, these findings provide insight into the participation of agricultural lands in climatic cooling, counteracting the climatic warming effects of farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Okuljar
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Jiali Shen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Miska Olin
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University PO Box 692, 33014 Tampere University Finland
| | - Yusheng Wu
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Laura Heimsch
- Finnish Meteorological Institute PO Box 503 00101 Helsinki Finland
| | - Ilkka Herlin
- Qvidja Research Farm Qvidja 15 21630 Parainen Finland
| | | | - Markus Lampimäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Joni Kalliokoski
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University PO Box 692, 33014 Tampere University Finland
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological Institute PO Box 503 00101 Helsinki Finland
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Miikka Dal Maso
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University PO Box 692, 33014 Tampere University Finland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kerminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland
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15
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Yang X, Ren S, Wang Y, Yang G, Li Y, Li C, Wang L, Yao L, Wang L. Volatility Parametrization of Low-Volatile Components of Ambient Organic Aerosols Based on Molecular Formulas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11595-11604. [PMID: 37494566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the volatility of organic compounds based solely on their molecular formulas would avoid tough demands in deriving molecular structures. Here, we deployed an iodide-adduct Long Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LToF-CIMS) combined with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO) to investigate molecular formulas and thermograms of organic compounds on ambient particulate samples collected in the summer of 2021 in a suburban site of Shanghai and to estimate saturation vapor pressures of low- and semivolatile components of ambient organic aerosols. Then, a hierarchical cluster analysis and a subsequent classification of obtained clusters by similarity calculation were applied to the measured data set of molecular formulas and saturation vapor pressures of organic aerosols with at least a 2/3 appearance frequency, together with a similar data set collected at a rural site in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during the winter of 2018 (Ren et al., 2018), to classify all compounds into multiple groups. For each group of compounds, parametrizations between volatility and elemental composition were derived, and then relationships between each group of parameters and the mean O:C were established to achieve a volatility-molecular formula parametrization with the O:C as a key input. Statistical comparison of estimated volatilities of low-volatile organic compounds shows a much better performance of our parametrization than previous molecular formula-based ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Siman Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Gan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yueyang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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16
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Zheng P, Chen Y, Wang Z, Liu Y, Pu W, Yu C, Xia M, Xu Y, Guo J, Guo Y, Tian L, Qiao X, Huang DD, Yan C, Nie W, Worsnop DR, Lee S, Wang T. Molecular Characterization of Oxygenated Organic Molecules and Their Dominating Roles in Particle Growth in Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7764-7776. [PMID: 37155674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) are critical intermediates linking volatile organic compound oxidation and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. Yet, the understanding of OOM components, formation mechanism, and impacts are still limited, especially for urbanized regions with a cocktail of anthropogenic emissions. Herein, ambient measurements of OOMs were conducted at a regional background site in South China in 2018. The molecular characteristics of OOMs revealed dominant nitrogen-containing products, and the influences of different factors on OOM composition and oxidation state were elucidated. Positive matrix factorization analysis resolved the complex OOM species to factors featured with fingerprint species from different oxidation pathways. A new method was developed to identify the key functional groups of OOMs, which successfully classified the majority species into carbonyls (8%), hydroperoxides (7%), nitrates (17%), peroxyl nitrates (10%), dinitrates (13%), aromatic ring-retaining species (6%), and terpenes (7%). The volatility estimation of OOMs was improved based on their identified functional groups and was used to simulate the aerosol growth process contributed by the condensation of those low-volatile OOMs. The results demonstrate the predominant role of OOMs in contributing sub-100 nm particle growth and SOA formation and highlight the importance of dinitrates and anthropogenic products from multistep oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penggang Zheng
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Pu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Men Xia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Environmental Central Facility, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yishuo Guo
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linhui Tian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Dan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Shuncheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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17
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Brean J, Rowell A, Beddows DCS, Shi Z, Harrison RM. Estimates of Future New Particle Formation under Different Emission Scenarios in Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4741-4750. [PMID: 36930743 PMCID: PMC10061929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF) is a leading source of particulate matter by number and a contributor to particle mass during haze events. Reductions in emissions of air pollutants, many of which are NPF precursors, are expected in the move toward carbon neutrality or net-zero. Expected changes to pollutant emissions are used to investigate future changes to NPF processes, in comparison to a simulation of current conditions. The projected changes to SO2 emissions are key in changing future NPF number, with different scenarios producing either a doubling or near total reduction in sulfuric acid-amine particle formation rates. Particle growth rates are projected to change little in all but the strictest emission control scenarios. These changes will reduce the particle mass arising by NPF substantially, thus showing a further cobenefit of net-zero policies. Major uncertainties remain in future NPF including the volatility of oxygenated organic molecules resulting from changes to NOx and amine emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Brean
- School
of Geography, Earth & Environmental
Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Rowell
- School
of Geography, Earth & Environmental
Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - David C. S. Beddows
- School
of Geography, Earth & Environmental
Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Zongbo Shi
- School
of Geography, Earth & Environmental
Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Roy M. Harrison
- School
of Geography, Earth & Environmental
Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and
Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Surdu M, Lamkaddam H, Wang DS, Bell DM, Xiao M, Lee CP, Li D, Caudillo L, Marie G, Scholz W, Wang M, Lopez B, Piedehierro AA, Ataei F, Baalbaki R, Bertozzi B, Bogert P, Brasseur Z, Dada L, Duplissy J, Finkenzeller H, He XC, Höhler K, Korhonen K, Krechmer JE, Lehtipalo K, Mahfouz NGA, Manninen HE, Marten R, Massabò D, Mauldin R, Petäjä T, Pfeifer J, Philippov M, Rörup B, Simon M, Shen J, Umo NS, Vogel F, Weber SK, Zauner-Wieczorek M, Volkamer R, Saathoff H, Möhler O, Kirkby J, Worsnop DR, Kulmala M, Stratmann F, Hansel A, Curtius J, Welti A, Riva M, Donahue NM, Baltensperger U, El Haddad I. Molecular Understanding of the Enhancement in Organic Aerosol Mass at High Relative Humidity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2297-2309. [PMID: 36716278 PMCID: PMC9933880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic pathway by which high relative humidity (RH) affects gas-particle partitioning remains poorly understood, although many studies report increased secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields at high RH. Here, we use real-time, molecular measurements of both the gas and particle phase to provide a mechanistic understanding of the effect of RH on the partitioning of biogenic oxidized organic molecules (from α-pinene and isoprene) at low temperatures (243 and 263 K) at the CLOUD chamber at CERN. We observe increases in SOA mass of 45 and 85% with increasing RH from 10-20 to 60-80% at 243 and 263 K, respectively, and attribute it to the increased partitioning of semi-volatile compounds. At 263 K, we measure an increase of a factor 2-4 in the concentration of C10H16O2-3, while the particle-phase concentrations of low-volatility species, such as C10H16O6-8, remain almost constant. This results in a substantial shift in the chemical composition and volatility distribution toward less oxygenated and more volatile species at higher RH (e.g., at 263 K, O/C ratio = 0.55 and 0.40, at RH = 10 and 80%, respectively). By modeling particle growth using an aerosol growth model, which accounts for kinetic limitations, we can explain the enhancement in the semi-volatile fraction through the complementary effect of decreased compound activity and increased bulk-phase diffusivity. Our results highlight the importance of particle water content as a diluting agent and a plasticizer for organic aerosol growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea Surdu
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Dongyu S. Wang
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - David M. Bell
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Chuan Ping Lee
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Dandan Li
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lucía Caudillo
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Guillaume Marie
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wiebke Scholz
- Institute
for Ion and Applied Physics, University
of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125 California, United States
- Center for
Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon
University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213 Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Brandon Lopez
- Center for
Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon
University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213 Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Farnoush Ataei
- Department
of Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Barbara Bertozzi
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pia Bogert
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zoé Brasseur
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lubna Dada
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University
of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department
of Chemistry & CIRES, University
of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, 80309-0215 Colorado, United States
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristina Höhler
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kimmo Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University
of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Finnish
Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naser G. A. Mahfouz
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton
University, Princeton, 08540 New Jersey, United States
| | - Hanna E. Manninen
- CERN,
the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Ruby Marten
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Dario Massabò
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa
& INFN, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roy Mauldin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon
University, 4400 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213 Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, UCB 311, Boulder, 80309 Colorado, United
States
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joschka Pfeifer
- CERN,
the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Maxim Philippov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the
Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Birte Rörup
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jiali Shen
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nsikanabasi Silas Umo
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Franziska Vogel
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan K. Weber
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CERN,
the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department
of Chemistry & CIRES, University
of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, 80309-0215 Colorado, United States
| | - Harald Saathoff
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ottmar Möhler
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- CERN,
the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, 01821 Massachusetts, United States
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Stratmann
- Department
of Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute
for Ion and Applied Physics, University
of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - André Welti
- Finnish
Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthieu Riva
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
- Tofwerk AG, CH-3600 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center for
Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon
University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213 Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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19
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Li X, Li Y, Cai R, Yan C, Qiao X, Guo Y, Deng C, Yin R, Chen Y, Li Y, Yao L, Sarnela N, Zhang Y, Petäjä T, Bianchi F, Liu Y, Kulmala M, Hao J, Smith JN, Jiang J. Insufficient Condensable Organic Vapors Lead to Slow Growth of New Particles in an Urban Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9936-9946. [PMID: 35749221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric new particle formation significantly affects global climate and air quality after newly formed particles grow above ∼50 nm. In polluted urban atmospheres with 1-3 orders of magnitude higher new particle formation rates than those in clean atmospheres, particle growth rates are comparable or even lower for reasons that were previously unclear. Here, we address the slow growth in urban Beijing with advanced measurements of the size-resolved molecular composition of nanoparticles using the thermal desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometer and the gas precursors using the nitrate CI-APi-ToF. A particle growth model combining condensational growth and particle-phase acid-base chemistry was developed to explore the growth mechanisms. The composition of 8-40 nm particles during new particle formation events in urban Beijing is dominated by organics (∼80%) and sulfate (∼13%), and the remainder is from base compounds, nitrate, and chloride. With the increase in particle sizes, the fraction of sulfate decreases, while that of the slow-desorbed organics, organic acids, and nitrate increases. The simulated size-resolved composition and growth rates are consistent with the measured results in most cases, and they both indicate that the condensational growth of organic vapors and H2SO4 is the major growth pathway and the particle-phase acid-base reactions play a minor role. In comparison to the high concentrations of gaseous sulfuric acid and amines that cause high formation rates, the concentration of condensable organic vapors is comparably lower under the high NOx levels, while those of the relatively high-volatility nitrogen-containing oxidation products are higher. The insufficient condensable organic vapors lead to slow growth, which further causes low survival of the newly formed particles in urban environments. Thus, the low growth rates, to some extent, counteract the impact of the high formation rates on air quality and global climate in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Runlong Cai
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yishuo Guo
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Chenjuan Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Rujing Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yijing Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sarnela
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - James N Smith
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United Sates
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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20
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Kontkanen J, Stolzenburg D, Olenius T, Yan C, Dada L, Ahonen L, Simon M, Lehtipalo K, Riipinen I. What controls the observed size-dependency of the growth rates of sub-10 nm atmospheric particles? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2022; 2:449-468. [PMID: 35694135 PMCID: PMC9119032 DOI: 10.1039/d1ea00103e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation and growth of atmospheric particles involving sulfuric acid and organic vapors is estimated to have significant climate effects. To accurately represent this process in large-scale models, the correct interpretation of the observations on particle growth, especially below 10 nm, is essential. Here, we disentangle the factors governing the growth of sub-10 nm particles in the presence of sulfuric acid and organic vapors, using molecular-resolution cluster population simulations and chamber experiments. We find that observed particle growth rates are determined by the combined effects of (1) the concentrations and evaporation rates of the condensing vapors, (2) particle population dynamics, and (3) stochastic fluctuations, characteristic to initial nucleation. This leads to a different size-dependency of growth rate in the presence of sulfuric acid and/or organic vapors at different concentrations. Specifically, the activation type behavior, resulting in growth rate increasing with the particle size, is observed only at certain vapor concentrations. In our model simulations, cluster–cluster collisions enhance growth rate at high vapor concentrations and their importance is dictated by the cluster evaporation rates, which demonstrates the need for accurate evaporation rate data. Finally, we show that at sizes below ∼2.5–3.5 nm, stochastic effects can importantly contribute to particle population growth. Overall, our results suggest that interpreting particle growth observations with approaches neglecting population dynamics and stochastics, such as with single particle growth models, can lead to the wrong conclusions on the properties of condensing vapors and particle growth mechanisms. A combination of cluster population simulations and chamber experiments was used to disentangle the factors governing the observed growth rates of atmospheric particles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Kontkanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tinja Olenius
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lubna Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Lauri Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Yang S, Licina D, Weschler CJ, Wang N, Zannoni N, Li M, Vanhanen J, Langer S, Wargocki P, Williams J, Bekö G. Ozone Initiates Human-Derived Emission of Nanocluster Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14536-14545. [PMID: 34672572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanocluster aerosols (NCAs, particles <3 nm) are important players in driving climate feedbacks and processes that impact human health. This study reports, for the first time, NCA formation when gas-phase ozone reacts with human surfaces. In an occupied climate-controlled chamber, we detected NCA only when ozone was present. NCA emissions were dependent on clothing coverage, occupant age, air temperature, and humidity. Ozone-initiated chemistry with human skin lipids (particularly their primary surface reaction products) is the key mechanism driving NCA emissions, as evidenced by positive correlations with squalene in human skin wipe samples and known gaseous products from ozonolysis of skin lipids. Oxidation by OH radicals, autoxidation reactions, and human-emitted NH3 may also play a role in NCA formation. Such chemical processes are anticipated to generate aerosols of the smallest size (1.18-1.55 nm), whereas larger clusters result from subsequent growth of the smaller aerosols. This study shows that whenever we encounter ozone indoors, where we spend most of our lives, NCAs will be produced in the air around us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Yang
- Human-Oriented Built Environment Lab, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Dusan Licina
- Human-Oriented Built Environment Lab, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Charles J Weschler
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Nijing Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Nora Zannoni
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Mengze Li
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Joonas Vanhanen
- Airmodus Limited, Erik Palménin Aukio 1, Helsinki FI-00560, Finland
| | - Sarka Langer
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Göteborg SE-400 14, Sweden
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Building Services Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Pawel Wargocki
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Gabriel Bekö
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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22
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Surdu M, Pospisilova V, Xiao M, Wang M, Mentler B, Simon M, Stolzenburg D, Hoyle CR, Bell DM, Lee CP, Lamkaddam H, Lopez-Hilfiker F, Ahonen LR, Amorim A, Baccarini A, Chen D, Dada L, Duplissy J, Finkenzeller H, He XC, Hofbauer V, Kim C, Kürten A, Kvashnin A, Lehtipalo K, Makhmutov V, Molteni U, Nie W, Onnela A, Petäjä T, Quéléver LLJ, Tauber C, Tomé A, Wagner R, Yan C, Prevot ASH, Dommen J, Donahue NM, Hansel A, Curtius J, Winkler PM, Kulmala M, Volkamer R, Flagan RC, Kirkby J, Worsnop DR, Slowik JG, Wang DS, Baltensperger U, El Haddad I. Molecular characterization of ultrafine particles using extractive electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1:434-448. [PMID: 34604755 PMCID: PMC8459645 DOI: 10.1039/d1ea00050k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aerosol particles negatively affect human health while also having climatic relevance due to, for example, their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei. Ultrafine particles (diameter Dp < 100 nm) typically comprise the largest fraction of the total number concentration, however, their chemical characterization is difficult because of their low mass. Using an extractive electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF), we characterize the molecular composition of freshly nucleated particles from naphthalene and β-caryophyllene oxidation products at the CLOUD chamber at CERN. We perform a detailed intercomparison of the organic aerosol chemical composition measured by the EESI-TOF and an iodide adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometer equipped with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols (FIGAERO-I-CIMS). We also use an aerosol growth model based on the condensation of organic vapors to show that the chemical composition measured by the EESI-TOF is consistent with the expected condensed oxidation products. This agreement could be further improved by constraining the EESI-TOF compound-specific sensitivity or considering condensed-phase processes. Our results show that the EESI-TOF can obtain the chemical composition of particles as small as 20 nm in diameter with mass loadings as low as hundreds of ng m−3 in real time. This was until now difficult to achieve, as other online instruments are often limited by size cutoffs, ionization/thermal fragmentation and/or semi-continuous sampling. Using real-time simultaneous gas- and particle-phase data, we discuss the condensation of naphthalene oxidation products on a molecular level. Using real-time simultaneous gas- and particle-phase data, the condensation of naphthalene and β-caryophyllene oxidation products on a molecular level is discussed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea Surdu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University 15213 Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Bernhard Mentler
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria.,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Christopher R Hoyle
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland .,Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich 8006 Zurich Switzerland
| | - David M Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Chuan Ping Lee
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Felipe Lopez-Hilfiker
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Lauri R Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Antonio Amorim
- CENTRA, FCUL, University of Lisbon 1749-016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Andrea Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland .,School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Dexian Chen
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University 15213 Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Lubna Dada
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland .,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder 80309 Boulder CO USA
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Victoria Hofbauer
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University 15213 Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Changhyuk Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41 Pasadena CA 91125 USA.,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Aleksandr Kvashnin
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Solar and Cosmic Ray Physics 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland.,Finnish Meteorological Institute 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | - Vladimir Makhmutov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Solar and Cosmic Ray Physics 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Ugo Molteni
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | | | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Lauriane L J Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | | | - António Tomé
- IDL-Universidade da Beira Interior 6201-001 Covilhã Portugal
| | - Robert Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Andre S H Prevot
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University 15213 Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Paul M Winkler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder 80309 Boulder CO USA
| | - Richard C Flagan
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany.,CERN 1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland.,Aerodyne Research 01821 Billerica MA USA
| | - Jay G Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Dongyu S Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
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23
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Hallar AG, Brown SS, Crosman E, Barsanti K, Cappa CD, Faloona I, Fast J, Holmes HA, Horel J, Lin J, Middlebrook A, Mitchell L, Murphy J, Womack CC, Aneja V, Baasandorj M, Bahreini R, Banta R, Bray C, Brewer A, Caulton D, de Gouw J, De Wekker SF, Farmer DK, Gaston CJ, Hoch S, Hopkins F, Karle NN, Kelly JT, Kelly K, Lareau N, Lu K, Mauldin RL, Mallia DV, Martin R, Mendoza D, Oldroyd HJ, Pichugina Y, Pratt KA, Saide P, Silva PJ, Simpson W, Stephens BB, Stutz J, Sullivan A. Coupled Air Quality and Boundary-Layer Meteorology in Western U.S. Basins during Winter: Design and Rationale for a Comprehensive Study. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2021; 0:1-94. [PMID: 34446943 PMCID: PMC8384125 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-20-0017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wintertime episodes of high aerosol concentrations occur frequently in urban and agricultural basins and valleys worldwide. These episodes often arise following development of persistent cold-air pools (PCAPs) that limit mixing and modify chemistry. While field campaigns targeting either basin meteorology or wintertime pollution chemistry have been conducted, coupling between interconnected chemical and meteorological processes remains an insufficiently studied research area. Gaps in understanding the coupled chemical-meteorological interactions that drive high pollution events make identification of the most effective air-basin specific emission control strategies challenging. To address this, a September 2019 workshop occurred with the goal of planning a future research campaign to investigate air quality in Western U.S. basins. Approximately 120 people participated, representing 50 institutions and 5 countries. Workshop participants outlined the rationale and design for a comprehensive wintertime study that would couple atmospheric chemistry and boundary-layer and complex-terrain meteorology within western U.S. basins. Participants concluded the study should focus on two regions with contrasting aerosol chemistry: three populated valleys within Utah (Salt Lake, Utah, and Cache Valleys) and the San Joaquin Valley in California. This paper describes the scientific rationale for a campaign that will acquire chemical and meteorological datasets using airborne platforms with extensive range, coupled to surface-based measurements focusing on sampling within the near-surface boundary layer, and transport and mixing processes within this layer, with high vertical resolution at a number of representative sites. No prior wintertime basin-focused campaign has provided the breadth of observations necessary to characterize the meteorological-chemical linkages outlined here, nor to validate complex processes within coupled atmosphere-chemistry models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erik Crosman
- Department of Life, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, West Texas A&M University
| | - Kelley Barsanti
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside
| | - Christopher D. Cappa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis 95616 USA
| | - Ian Faloona
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis
| | - Jerome Fast
- Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest, National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Heather A. Holmes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - John Horel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - John Lin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Logan Mitchell
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline C. Womack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado/ NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - Viney Aneja
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University
| | | | - Roya Bahreini
- Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | | | - Casey Bray
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University
| | - Alan Brewer
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - Dana Caulton
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming
| | - Joost de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences & Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | | | | | - Cassandra J. Gaston
- Department of Atmospheric Science - Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami
| | - Sebastian Hoch
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Nakul N. Karle
- Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, TX
| | - James T. Kelly
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Kerry Kelly
- Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Neil Lareau
- Atmospheric Sciences and Environmental Sciences and Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China, 100871
| | - Roy L. Mauldin
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
| | - Derek V. Mallia
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Randal Martin
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Utah Water Research Laboratory, Logan, UT
| | - Daniel Mendoza
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Holly J. Oldroyd
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis
| | | | | | - Pablo Saide
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, and Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Phillip J. Silva
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Bowling Green, KY
| | - William Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160
| | - Britton B. Stephens
- Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO
| | - Jochen Stutz
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Amy Sullivan
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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24
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Kim D, Kim J, Hwang J, Shin D, An S, Jhe W. Direct measurement of curvature-dependent surface tension of an alcohol nanomeniscus. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6991-6996. [PMID: 33885500 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08787d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface tension is a key parameter for understanding nucleation in the very initial stage of phase transformation. Although surface tension has been predicted to vary with the curvature of the liquid-vapor interface, particularly at the large curvature of, e.g., the subnanometric critical nucleus, experimental study still remains challenging due to inaccessibility to such a small cluster. Here, by directly measuring the critical size of a single capillary-condensed nanomeniscus using atomic force microscopy, we address the curvature dependence of surface tension of alcohols and observe that the surface tension is doubled for ethanol and n-propanol with a radius-of-curvature of ∼-0.46 nm. We also find that the interface of larger negative (positive) curvature exhibits larger (smaller) surface tension, which evidently governs nucleation at the ∼1 nm scale and below, indicating more facilitated nucleation than normally expected. Such well characterized curvature effects contribute to better understanding and accurate analysis of nucleation occurring in various fields including materials science and atmospheric science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Kim
- Center for 0D Nanofluidics, Institute of Applied Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Wang S, Li H. NO 3·-Initiated Gas-Phase Formation of Nitrated Phenolic Compounds in Polluted Atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2899-2907. [PMID: 33594878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen (ON) compounds are key contents of particulate matter in the megacities of Asia. As a series of important ON, nitrated phenolic compounds (NPs) are of high concentration in the atmosphere, although their formation mechanism and role in particulate nucleation and growth are not fully understood. Herein, using a high level of quantum mechanical calculations, we explore the formation paths of NPs initiated by NO3· radicals, where some common atmospheric species, such as H2O, (H2O)2, NH3, and dimethylamine (DMA), can act as molecular catalysts. The kinetic study predicts that the formation rate of methyl nitrophenols with the assistance of DMA and (H2O)2 can reach ∼103 molecules·cm-3·s-1 in a polluted and humid atmosphere. The volatilities obtained from the empirical model show the formed NPs mainly belong to the intermediate and semivolatile organic compounds, which can participate in the growth process of aerosols rather than the early stage of cluster nucleation. Moreover, some NPs can be salified with atmospheric bases to further increase their contributions to the particulate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixian Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemistry Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemistry Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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26
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Li C, Krohn J, Lippe M, Signorell R. How volatile components catalyze vapor nucleation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd9954. [PMID: 33523884 PMCID: PMC7806218 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gas phase nucleation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in planetary atmospheres and technical processes, yet our understanding of it is far from complete. In particular, the enhancement of nucleation by the addition of a more volatile, weakly interacting gaseous species to a nucleating vapor has escaped molecular-level experimental investigation. Here, we use a specially designed experiment to directly measure the chemical composition and the concentration of nucleating clusters in various binary CO2-containing vapors. Our analysis suggests that CO2 essentially catalyzes nucleation of the low vapor pressure component through the formation of transient, hetero-molecular clusters and thus provides alternative pathways for nucleation to proceed more efficiently. This work opens up new avenues for the quantitative assessment of nucleation mechanisms involving transient species in multicomponent vapors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Krohn
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Lippe
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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27
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Baccarini A, Karlsson L, Dommen J, Duplessis P, Vüllers J, Brooks IM, Saiz-Lopez A, Salter M, Tjernström M, Baltensperger U, Zieger P, Schmale J. Frequent new particle formation over the high Arctic pack ice by enhanced iodine emissions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4924. [PMID: 33004812 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central Arctic Ocean the formation of clouds and their properties are sensitive to the availability of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The vapors responsible for new particle formation (NPF), potentially leading to CCN, have remained unidentified since the first aerosol measurements in 1991. Here, we report that all the observed NPF events from the Arctic Ocean 2018 expedition are driven by iodic acid with little contribution from sulfuric acid. Iodic acid largely explains the growth of ultrafine particles (UFP) in most events. The iodic acid concentration increases significantly from summer towards autumn, possibly linked to the ocean freeze-up and a seasonal rise in ozone. This leads to a one order of magnitude higher UFP concentration in autumn. Measurements of cloud residuals suggest that particles smaller than 30 nm in diameter can activate as CCN. Therefore, iodine NPF has the potential to influence cloud properties over the Arctic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - Linn Karlsson
- Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Duplessis
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jutta Vüllers
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ian M Brooks
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew Salter
- Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Tjernström
- Department of Meteorology & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - Paul Zieger
- Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Julia Schmale
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland. .,School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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28
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Thornton JA, Mohr C, Schobesberger S, D’Ambro EL, Lee BH, Lopez-Hilfiker FD. Evaluating Organic Aerosol Sources and Evolution with a Combined Molecular Composition and Volatility Framework Using the Filter Inlet for Gases and Aerosols (FIGAERO). Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1415-1426. [PMID: 32648739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe complex array of sources and transformations of organic carbonaceous material that comprises an important fraction of atmospheric fine particle mass, known as organic aerosol, has presented a long running challenge for accurate predictions of its abundance, distribution, and sensitivity to anthropogenic activities. Uncertainties about changes in atmospheric aerosol particle sources and abundance over time translate to uncertainties in their impact on Earth's climate and their response to changes in air quality policy. One limitation in our understanding of organic aerosol has been a lack of comprehensive measurements of its molecular composition and volatility, which can elucidate sources and processes affecting its abundance. Herein we describe advances in the development and application of the Filter Inlet for Gases and Aerosols (FIGAERO) coupled to field-deployable High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometers (HRToF-CIMS). The FIGAERO HRToFCIMS combination broadly probes gas and particulate OA molecular composition by using programmed thermal desorption of particles collected on a Teflon filter with subsequent detection and speciation of desorbed vapors using inherently quantitative selected-ion chemical ionization. The thermal desorption provides a means to obtain quantitative insights into the volatility of particle components and thus the physicochemical nature of the organic material that will govern its evolution in the atmosphere.In this Account, we discuss the design and operation of the FIGAERO, when coupled to the HRToF-CIMS, for quantitative characterization of the molecular-level composition and effective volatility of organic aerosol in the laboratory and field. We provide example insights gleaned from its deployment, which improve our understanding of organic aerosol sources and evolution. Specifically, we connect thermal desorption profiles to the effective equilibrium saturation vapor concentration and enthalpy of vaporization of detected components. We also show how application of the FIGAERO HRToF-CIMS to environmental simulation chamber experiments and the field provide new insights and constraints on the chemical mechanisms governing secondary organic aerosol formation and dynamic evolution. We discuss the associated challenges of thermal decomposition during desorption and calibration of both the volatility axis and signal. We also illustrate how the FIGAERO HRToF-CIMS can provide additional insights into organic aerosol through isothermal evaporation experiments as well as for detection of ultrafine particulate composition. We conclude with a description of future opportunities and needs for its ability to further organic aerosol science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, 408 ATG Building, 3920 Okanogan Lane NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Claudia Mohr
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 8, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Siegfried Schobesberger
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 F, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Emma L. D’Ambro
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, P.O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-0117, United States
| | - Ben H. Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, 408 ATG Building, 3920 Okanogan Lane NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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29
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Open questions on atmospheric nanoparticle growth. Commun Chem 2020; 3:106. [PMID: 36703317 PMCID: PMC9814890 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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30
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Wang M, Chen D, Xiao M, Ye Q, Stolzenburg D, Hofbauer V, Ye P, Vogel AL, Mauldin RL, Amorim A, Baccarini A, Baumgartner B, Brilke S, Dada L, Dias A, Duplissy J, Finkenzeller H, Garmash O, He XC, Hoyle CR, Kim C, Kvashnin A, Lehtipalo K, Fischer L, Molteni U, Petäjä T, Pospisilova V, Quéléver LLJ, Rissanen M, Simon M, Tauber C, Tomé A, Wagner AC, Weitz L, Volkamer R, Winkler PM, Kirkby J, Worsnop DR, Kulmala M, Baltensperger U, Dommen J, El-Haddad I, Donahue NM. Photo-oxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons Produces Low-Volatility Organic Compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7911-7921. [PMID: 32515954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the role of aromatic hydrocarbons in new-particle formation, we measured the particle-phase abundance and volatility of oxidation products following the reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons with OH radicals. For this we used thermal desorption in an iodide-adduct Time-of-Flight Chemical-Ionization Mass Spectrometer equipped with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO-ToF-CIMS). The particle-phase volatility measurements confirm that oxidation products of toluene and naphthalene can contribute to the initial growth of newly formed particles. Toluene-derived (C7) oxidation products have a similar volatility distribution to that of α-pinene-derived (C10) oxidation products, while naphthalene-derived (C10) oxidation products are much less volatile than those from toluene or α-pinene; they are thus stronger contributors to growth. Rapid progression through multiple generations of oxidation is more pronounced in toluene and naphthalene than in α-pinene, resulting in more oxidation but also favoring functional groups with much lower volatility per added oxygen atom, such as hydroxyl and carboxylic groups instead of hydroperoxide groups. Under conditions typical of polluted urban settings, naphthalene may well contribute to nucleation and the growth of the smallest particles, whereas the more abundant alkyl benzenes may overtake naphthalene once the particles have grown beyond the point where the Kelvin effect strongly influences the condensation driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Dexian Chen
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Qing Ye
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | | | - Victoria Hofbauer
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Penglin Ye
- Aerodyne Research, Incorporated, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Alexander L Vogel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roy L Mauldin
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Oceanic and Atmospheric Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Antonio Amorim
- CENTRA and FCUL, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrea Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Sophia Brilke
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lubna Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - António Dias
- CENTRA and FCUL, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Olga Garmash
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher R Hoyle
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Changhyuk Kim
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lukas Fischer
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ugo Molteni
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Lauriane L J Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, P.O. Box 1001, Tampere 33100, Finland
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - António Tomé
- IDL-University of Beira Interior, Covilhã 6201-001, Portugal
| | - Andrea C Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Lena Weitz
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Paul M Winkler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Aerodyne Research, Incorporated, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210044, P. R. China
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Imad El-Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Yan C, Nie W, Vogel AL, Dada L, Lehtipalo K, Stolzenburg D, Wagner R, Rissanen MP, Xiao M, Ahonen L, Fischer L, Rose C, Bianchi F, Gordon H, Simon M, Heinritzi M, Garmash O, Roldin P, Dias A, Ye P, Hofbauer V, Amorim A, Bauer PS, Bergen A, Bernhammer AK, Breitenlechner M, Brilke S, Buchholz A, Mazon SB, Canagaratna MR, Chen X, Ding A, Dommen J, Draper DC, Duplissy J, Frege C, Heyn C, Guida R, Hakala J, Heikkinen L, Hoyle CR, Jokinen T, Kangasluoma J, Kirkby J, Kontkanen J, Kürten A, Lawler MJ, Mai H, Mathot S, Mauldin RL, Molteni U, Nichman L, Nieminen T, Nowak J, Ojdanic A, Onnela A, Pajunoja A, Petäjä T, Piel F, Quéléver LLJ, Sarnela N, Schallhart S, Sengupta K, Sipilä M, Tomé A, Tröstl J, Väisänen O, Wagner AC, Ylisirniö A, Zha Q, Baltensperger U, Carslaw KS, Curtius J, Flagan RC, Hansel A, Riipinen I, Smith JN, Virtanen A, Winkler PM, Donahue NM, Kerminen VM, Kulmala M, Ehn M, Worsnop DR. Size-dependent influence of NO x on the growth rates of organic aerosol particles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay4945. [PMID: 32518819 PMCID: PMC7253163 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay4945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) affects climate by contributing to a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) drive the early particle growth and therefore substantially influence the survival of newly formed particles to CCN. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is known to suppress the NPF driven by HOMs, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we examine the response of particle growth to the changes of HOM formation caused by NOx. We show that NOx suppresses particle growth in general, but the suppression is rather nonuniform and size dependent, which can be quantitatively explained by the shifted HOM volatility after adding NOx. By illustrating how NOx affects the early growth of new particles, a critical step of CCN formation, our results help provide a refined assessment of the potential climatic effects caused by the diverse changes of NOx level in forest regions around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - W. Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - A. L. Vogel
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - L. Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - D. Stolzenburg
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - R. Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. P. Rissanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - L. Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Fischer
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C. Rose
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - F. Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - H. Gordon
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M. Simon
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Heinritzi
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - O. Garmash
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - P. Roldin
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, P. O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A. Dias
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- CENTRA and FCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P. Ye
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - V. Hofbauer
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - A. Amorim
- CENTRA and FCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P. S. Bauer
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - A. Bergen
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A.-K. Bernhammer
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M. Breitenlechner
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Brilke
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A. Buchholz
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - S. Buenrostro Mazon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - X. Chen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J. Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. C. Draper
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - J. Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - C. Frege
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - C. Heyn
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - R. Guida
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Hakala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Heikkinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - C. R. Hoyle
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T. Jokinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Kangasluoma
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - J. Kirkby
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J. Kontkanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Kürten
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. J. Lawler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - H. Mai
- California Institute of Technology, 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - R. L. Mauldin
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - U. Molteni
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - L. Nichman
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - T. Nieminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Nowak
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - A. Ojdanic
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | | | - A. Pajunoja
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - T. Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - F. Piel
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L. L. J. Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - N. Sarnela
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. Schallhart
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - M. Sipilä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Tomé
- IDL Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - J. Tröstl
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - O. Väisänen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - A. C. Wagner
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A. Ylisirniö
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Q. Zha
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - U. Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - J. Curtius
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R. C. Flagan
- California Institute of Technology, 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A. Hansel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- IONICON GesmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - I. Riipinen
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. N. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - A. Virtanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - P. M. Winkler
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - N. M. Donahue
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - V.-M. Kerminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - D. R. Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Wang M, Kong W, Marten R, He XC, Chen D, Pfeifer J, Heitto A, Kontkanen J, Dada L, Kürten A, Yli-Juuti T, Manninen HE, Amanatidis S, Amorim A, Baalbaki R, Baccarini A, Bell DM, Bertozzi B, Bräkling S, Brilke S, Murillo LC, Chiu R, Chu B, De Menezes LP, Duplissy J, Finkenzeller H, Carracedo LG, Granzin M, Guida R, Hansel A, Hofbauer V, Krechmer J, Lehtipalo K, Lamkaddam H, Lampimäki M, Lee CP, Makhmutov V, Marie G, Mathot S, Mauldin RL, Mentler B, Müller T, Onnela A, Partoll E, Petäjä T, Philippov M, Pospisilova V, Ranjithkumar A, Rissanen M, Rörup B, Scholz W, Shen J, Simon M, Sipilä M, Steiner G, Stolzenburg D, Tham YJ, Tomé A, Wagner AC, Wang DS, Wang Y, Weber SK, Winkler PM, Wlasits PJ, Wu Y, Xiao M, Ye Q, Zauner-Wieczorek M, Zhou X, Volkamer R, Riipinen I, Dommen J, Curtius J, Baltensperger U, Kulmala M, Worsnop DR, Kirkby J, Seinfeld JH, El-Haddad I, Flagan RC, Donahue NM. Rapid growth of new atmospheric particles by nitric acid and ammonia condensation. Nature 2020; 581:184-189. [PMID: 32405020 PMCID: PMC7334196 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper New-particle formation is a major contributor to urban smog1,2, but how it occurs in cities is often puzzling3. If the growth rates of urban particles are similar to those found in cleaner environments (1-10 nanometres per hour), then existing understanding suggests that new urban particles should be rapidly scavenged by the high concentration of pre-existing particles. Here we show, through experiments performed under atmospheric conditions in the CLOUD chamber at CERN, that below about +5 degrees Celsius, nitric acid and ammonia vapours can condense onto freshly nucleated particles as small as a few nanometres in diameter. Moreover, when it is cold enough (below -15 degrees Celsius), nitric acid and ammonia can nucleate directly through an acid-base stabilization mechanism to form ammonium nitrate particles. Given that these vapours are often one thousand times more abundant than sulfuric acid, the resulting particle growth rates can be extremely high, reaching well above 100 nanometres per hour. However, these high growth rates require the gas-particle ammonium nitrate system to be out of equilibrium in order to sustain gas-phase supersaturations. In view of the strong temperature dependence that we measure for the gas-phase supersaturations, we expect such transient conditions to occur in inhomogeneous urban settings, especially in wintertime, driven by vertical mixing and by strong local sources such as traffic. Even though rapid growth from nitric acid and ammonia condensation may last for only a few minutes, it is nonetheless fast enough to shepherd freshly nucleated particles through the smallest size range where they are most vulnerable to scavenging loss, thus greatly increasing their survival probability. We also expect nitric acid and ammonia nucleation and rapid growth to be important in the relatively clean and cold upper free troposphere, where ammonia can be convected from the continental boundary layer and nitric acid is abundant from electrical storms4,5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Weimeng Kong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ruby Marten
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dexian Chen
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joschka Pfeifer
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arto Heitto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni Kontkanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lubna Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Taina Yli-Juuti
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna E Manninen
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Amanatidis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - António Amorim
- CENTRA and Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - David M Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Bertozzi
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Sophia Brilke
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucía Caudillo Murillo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Randall Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Biwu Chu
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Manuel Granzin
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roberto Guida
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Ionicon Analytik, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Victoria Hofbauer
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Markus Lampimäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chuan Ping Lee
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Makhmutov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Guillaume Marie
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Serge Mathot
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roy L Mauldin
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Bernhard Mentler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tatjana Müller
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Antti Onnela
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eva Partoll
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maxim Philippov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Matti Rissanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Birte Rörup
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wiebke Scholz
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Ionicon Analytik, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jiali Shen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gerhard Steiner
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Grimm Aerosol Technik Ainring, Ainring, Germany
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yee Jun Tham
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - António Tomé
- Institute Infante Dom Luíz, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Andrea C Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dongyu S Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan K Weber
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul M Winkler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Yusheng Wu
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Qing Ye
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Aerodyne Research, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - John H Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Imad El-Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Richard C Flagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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33
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Formation and growth of sub-3-nm aerosol particles in experimental chambers. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:1013-1040. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Photochemistry of the Cloud Aqueous Phase: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020423. [PMID: 31968643 PMCID: PMC7024559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review paper describes briefly the cloud aqueous phase composition and deeply its reactivity in the dark and mainly under solar radiation. The role of the main oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, nitrate radical, and hydroxyl radical) is presented with a focus on the hydroxyl radical, which drives the oxidation capacity during the day. Its sources in the aqueous phase, mainly through photochemical mechanisms with H2O2, iron complexes, or nitrate/nitrite ions, are presented in detail. The formation rate of hydroxyl radical and its steady state concentration evaluated by different authors are listed and compared. Finally, a paragraph is also dedicated to the sinks and the reactivity of the HO• radical with the main compounds found in the cloud aqueous phase. This review presents an assessment of the reactivity in the cloud aqueous phase and shows the significant potential impact that this medium can have on the chemistry of the atmosphere and more generally on the climate.
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35
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Jaoui M, Szmigielski R, Nestorowicz K, Kolodziejczyk A, Sarang K, Rudzinski KJ, Konopka A, Bulska E, Lewandowski M, Kleindienst TE. Organic Hydroxy Acids as Highly Oxygenated Molecular (HOM) Tracers for Aged Isoprene Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14516-14527. [PMID: 31757124 PMCID: PMC6996142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) are a class of compounds associated with secondary organic aerosols exhibiting high oxygen to carbon (O:C) ratios and often originating from the oxidation of biogenic compounds. Here, the photooxidation and ozonolysis of isoprene were examined under a range of conditions to identify HOM tracers for aged isoprene aerosol. The HOM tracers were identified as silylated derivatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and by detecting their parent compounds by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. In addition to the previously observed methyltetrols and 2-methylglyceric acid, seven tracer compounds were identified, including 2-methyltartronic acid (MTtA), 2-methylerythronic acid (2MeTrA), 3-methylerythronic acid (3MeTrA), 2-methylthreonic acid (2MTrA), 3-methylthreonic acid (3MTrA), erythro-methyltartaric acid (e-MTA), and threo-methyltartaric acid (t-MTA). The molecular structures were confirmed with authentic standards synthesized in the laboratory. The presence of some of these HOMs in the gas and particle phases simultaneously provides evidence of their gas/particle partitioning. To determine the contributions of aged isoprene products to ambient aerosols, we analyzed ambient PM2.5 samples collected in the southeastern United States in summer 2003 and at two European monitoring stations located in Zielonka and Godów (Poland). Our findings show that methyltartaric acids (MTA) and 2- and 3-methylthreonic acids (and their stereoisomers) are representative of aged isoprene aerosol because they occur both in the laboratory chamber aerosol obtained and in ambient PM2.5. On the basis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, their concentrations were found to range from 0.04 ng for 3-methylthreonic acid to 6.3 ng m-3 for methyltartaric acid at the southeast site in Duke Forest, NC, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Jaoui
- National Exposure Research Laboratory , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27711 , United States
| | - Rafal Szmigielski
- Environmental Chemistry Group , Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Klara Nestorowicz
- Environmental Chemistry Group , Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Agata Kolodziejczyk
- Environmental Chemistry Group , Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Kumar Sarang
- Environmental Chemistry Group , Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Krzysztof J Rudzinski
- Environmental Chemistry Group , Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Anna Konopka
- University of Warsaw , Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre , Żwirki i Wigury 101 , 02-089 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Ewa Bulska
- University of Warsaw , Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre , Żwirki i Wigury 101 , 02-089 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Michael Lewandowski
- National Exposure Research Laboratory , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27711 , United States
| | - Tadeusz E Kleindienst
- National Exposure Research Laboratory , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27711 , United States
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36
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Feketeová L, Bertier P, Salbaing T, Azuma T, Calvo F, Farizon B, Farizon M, Märk TD. Impact of a hydrophobic ion on the early stage of atmospheric aerosol formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:22540-22544. [PMID: 31636185 PMCID: PMC6842599 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911136116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols are one of the major factors affecting planetary climate, and the addition of anthropogenic molecules into the atmosphere is known to strongly affect cloud formation. The broad variety of compounds present in such dilute media and their specific underlying thermalization processes at the nanoscale make a complete quantitative description of atmospheric aerosol formation certainly challenging. In particular, it requires fundamental knowledge about the role of impurities in water cluster growth, a crucial step in the early stage of aerosol and cloud formation. Here, we show how a hydrophobic pyridinium ion within a water cluster drastically changes the thermalization properties, which will in turn change the corresponding propensity for water cluster growth. The combination of velocity map imaging with a recently developed mass spectrometry technique allows the direct measurement of the velocity distribution of the water molecules evaporated from excited clusters. In contrast to previous results on pure water clusters, the low-velocity part of the distributions for pyridinium-doped water clusters is composed of 2 distinct Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions, indicating out-of-equilibrium evaporation. More generally, the evaporation of water molecules from excited clusters is found to be much slower when the cluster is doped with a pyridinium ion. Therefore, the presence of a contaminant molecule in the nascent cluster changes the energy storage and disposal in the early stages of gas-to-particle conversion, thereby leading to an increased rate of formation of water clusters and consequently facilitating homogeneous nucleation at the early stages of atmospheric aerosol formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Feketeová
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I) Lyon, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Paul Bertier
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I) Lyon, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Atomic, Molecular & Optics (AMO) Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 351-0198 Saitama, Japan
| | - Thibaud Salbaing
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I) Lyon, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Toshiyuki Azuma
- Atomic, Molecular & Optics (AMO) Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 351-0198 Saitama, Japan
| | - Florent Calvo
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (LIPhy), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bernadette Farizon
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I) Lyon, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Farizon
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I) Lyon, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Tilmann D Märk
- Institut für Lonenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold Franzens Universität, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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37
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Ye Q, Wang M, Hofbauer V, Stolzenburg D, Chen D, Schervish M, Vogel A, Mauldin RL, Baalbaki R, Brilke S, Dada L, Dias A, Duplissy J, El Haddad I, Finkenzeller H, Fischer L, He X, Kim C, Kürten A, Lamkaddam H, Lee CP, Lehtipalo K, Leiminger M, Manninen HE, Marten R, Mentler B, Partoll E, Petäjä T, Rissanen M, Schobesberger S, Schuchmann S, Simon M, Tham YJ, Vazquez-Pufleau M, Wagner AC, Wang Y, Wu Y, Xiao M, Baltensperger U, Curtius J, Flagan R, Kirkby J, Kulmala M, Volkamer R, Winkler PM, Worsnop D, Donahue NM. Molecular Composition and Volatility of Nucleated Particles from α-Pinene Oxidation between -50 °C and +25 °C. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12357-12365. [PMID: 31553886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We use a real-time temperature-programmed desorption chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (FIGAERO-CIMS) to measure particle-phase composition and volatility of nucleated particles, studying pure α-pinene oxidation over a wide temperature range (-50 °C to +25 °C) in the CLOUD chamber at CERN. Highly oxygenated organic molecules are much more abundant in particles formed at higher temperatures, shifting the compounds toward higher O/C and lower intrinsic (300 K) volatility. We find that pure biogenic nucleation and growth depends only weakly on temperature. This is because the positive temperature dependence of degree of oxidation (and polarity) and the negative temperature dependence of volatility counteract each other. Unlike prior work that relied on estimated volatility, we directly measure volatility via calibrated temperature-programmed desorption. Our particle-phase measurements are consistent with gas-phase results and indicate that during new-particle formation from α-pinene oxidation, gas-phase chemistry directly determines the properties of materials in the condensed phase. We now have consistency between measured gas-phase product concentrations, product volatility, measured and modeled growth rates, and the particle composition over most temperatures found in the troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Victoria Hofbauer
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Faculty of Physics , University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Dexian Chen
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Meredith Schervish
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Alexander Vogel
- CERN , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Roy L Mauldin
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
- Department of Oceanic and Atmospheric Science , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Rima Baalbaki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sophia Brilke
- Faculty of Physics , University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Lubna Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - António Dias
- CENTRA SIM, Faculdade de Ciências , Universidade de Lisboa , Ed. C8, Campo Grande , 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Lukas Fischer
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Xucheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Changhyuk Kim
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Pusan National University , 46241 Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Houssni Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Chuan Ping Lee
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute , Erik Palménin aukio 1 , 00560 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Markus Leiminger
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | | | - Ruby Marten
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Mentler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Eva Partoll
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Matti Rissanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Siegfried Schobesberger
- Department of Applied Physics , University of Eastern Finland , PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio , Finland
| | | | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Yee Jun Tham
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | | | - Andrea C Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Yusheng Wu
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Richard Flagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- CERN , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
- Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences , Nanjing University , 210023 Nanjing , China
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , 100029 Beijing , China
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Paul M Winkler
- Faculty of Physics , University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Douglas Worsnop
- Aerodyne Research Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
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38
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Molecular identification of organic vapors driving atmospheric nanoparticle growth. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4442. [PMID: 31570718 PMCID: PMC6769005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Particles formed in the atmosphere via nucleation provide about half the number of atmospheric cloud condensation nuclei, but in many locations, this process is limited by the growth of the newly formed particles. That growth is often via condensation of organic vapors. Identification of these vapors and their sources is thus fundamental for simulating changes to aerosol-cloud interactions, which are one of the most uncertain aspects of anthropogenic climate forcing. Here we present direct molecular-level observations of a distribution of organic vapors in a forested environment that can explain simultaneously observed atmospheric nanoparticle growth from 3 to 50 nm. Furthermore, the volatility distribution of these vapors is sufficient to explain nanoparticle growth without invoking particle-phase processes. The agreement between observed mass growth, and the growth predicted from the observed mass of condensing vapors in a forested environment thus represents an important step forward in the characterization of atmospheric particle growth. Condensation of organic vapors is a main factor controlling the growth of atmospheric particles. Here the authors identify a distribution of organic vapors in a forested environment able to explain nanoparticle growth at the same location, contributing to understanding aerosol climate effects.
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39
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Bianchi F, Kurtén T, Riva M, Mohr C, Rissanen MP, Roldin P, Berndt T, Crounse JD, Wennberg PO, Mentel TF, Wildt J, Junninen H, Jokinen T, Kulmala M, Worsnop DR, Thornton JA, Donahue N, Kjaergaard HG, Ehn M. Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOM) from Gas-Phase Autoxidation Involving Peroxy Radicals: A Key Contributor to Atmospheric Aerosol. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3472-3509. [PMID: 30799608 PMCID: PMC6439441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Highly
oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) are formed in the atmosphere
via autoxidation involving peroxy radicals arising from volatile organic
compounds (VOC). HOM condense on pre-existing particles and can be
involved in new particle formation. HOM thus contribute to the formation
of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a significant and ubiquitous component
of atmospheric aerosol known to affect the Earth’s radiation
balance. HOM were discovered only very recently, but the interest
in these compounds has grown rapidly. In this Review, we define HOM
and describe the currently available techniques for their identification/quantification,
followed by a summary of the current knowledge on their formation
mechanisms and physicochemical properties. A main aim is to provide
a common frame for the currently quite fragmented literature on HOM
studies. Finally, we highlight the existing gaps in our understanding
and suggest directions for future HOM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland.,Aerosol and Haze Laboratory , University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P.R. China
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland
| | - Matthieu Riva
- IRCELYON, CNRS University of Lyon , Villeurbanne 69626 , France
| | - Claudia Mohr
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry , Stockholm University , Stockholm 11418 , Sweden
| | - Matti P Rissanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics , Lund University , Lund 22100 , Sweden
| | - Torsten Berndt
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research , Leipzig 04318 , Germany
| | - John D Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Paul O Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Thomas F Mentel
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung, IEK-8 , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich 52425 , Germany
| | - Jürgen Wildt
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung, IEK-8 , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich 52425 , Germany
| | - Heikki Junninen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland.,Institute of Physics , University of Tartu , Tartu 50090 , Estonia
| | - Tuija Jokinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland.,Aerosol and Haze Laboratory , University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P.R. China
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland.,Aerodyne Research Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Joel A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Neil Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cøpenhagen , Cøpenhagen 2100 , Denmark
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland
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40
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Praske E, Otkjær RV, Crounse JD, Hethcox JC, Stoltz BM, Kjaergaard HG, Wennberg PO. Intramolecular Hydrogen Shift Chemistry of Hydroperoxy-Substituted Peroxy Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2018; 123:590-600. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Praske
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Rasmus V. Otkjær
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - John D. Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - J. Caleb Hethcox
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Henrik G. Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Paul O. Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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41
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Vander Wall AC, Lakey PSJ, Rossich Molina E, Perraud V, Wingen LM, Xu J, Soulsby D, Gerber RB, Shiraiwa M, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Understanding interactions of organic nitrates with the surface and bulk of organic films: implications for particle growth in the atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1593-1610. [PMID: 30382275 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00348c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding impacts of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in air requires a molecular-level understanding of particle growth via interactions between gases and particle surfaces. The interactions of three gaseous organic nitrates with selected organic substrates were measured at 296 K using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The organic substrates included a long chain alkane (triacontane, TC), a keto-acid (pinonic acid, PA), an amorphous ester oligomer (poly(ethylene adipate) di-hydroxy terminated, PEA), and laboratory-generated SOA from α-pinene ozonolysis. There was no uptake of the organic nitrates on the non-polar TC substrate, but significant uptake occurred on PEA, PA, and α-pinene SOA. Net uptake coefficients (γ) at the shortest reaction times accessible in these experiments ranged from 3 × 10-4 to 9 × 10-6 and partition coefficients (K) from 1 × 107 to 9 × 104. Trends in γ did not quantitatively follow trends in K, suggesting that the intermolecular forces involved in gas-surface interactions are not the same as those in the bulk, which is supported by theoretical calculations. Kinetic modeling showed that nitrates diffused throughout the organic films over several minutes, and that the bulk diffusion coefficients evolved as uptake/desorption occurred. A plasticizing effect occurred upon incorporation of the organic nitrates, whereas desorption caused decreases in diffusion coefficients in the upper layers, suggesting a crusting effect. Accurate predictions of particle growth in the atmosphere will require knowledge of uptake coefficients, which are likely to be several orders of magnitude less than one, and of the intermolecular interactions of gases with particle surfaces as well as with the particle bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Vander Wall
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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