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Takase EO, Yamasaki R, Nagata S, Watanabe M, Masaki K, Yamaguchi H, Kira JI, Takeuchi H, Isobe N. Astroglial connexin 43 is a novel therapeutic target for chronic multiple sclerosis model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10877. [PMID: 38740862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In chronic stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), connexin (Cx)43 gap junction channel proteins are overexpressed because of astrogliosis. To elucidate the role of increased Cx43, the central nervous system (CNS)-permeable Cx blocker INI-0602 was therapeutically administered. C57BL6 mice with chronic EAE initiated by MOG35-55 received INI-0602 (40 mg/kg) or saline intraperitoneally every other day from days post-immunization (dpi) 17-50. Primary astroglia were employed to observe calcein efflux responses. In INI-0602-treated mice, EAE clinical signs improved significantly in the chronic phase, with reduced demyelination and decreased CD3+ T cells, Iba-1+ and F4/80+ microglia/macrophages, and C3+GFAP+ reactive astroglia infiltration in spinal cord lesions. Flow cytometry analysis of CD4+ T cells from CNS tissues revealed significantly reduced Th17 and Th17/Th1 cells (dpi 24) and Th1 cells (dpi 50). Multiplex array of cerebrospinal fluid showed significantly suppressed IL-6 and significantly increased IL-10 on dpi 24 in INI-0602-treated mice, and significantly suppressed IFN-γ and MCP-1 on dpi 50 in the same group. In vitro INI-0602 treatment inhibited ATP-induced calcium propagations of Cx43+/+ astroglial cells to similar levels of those of Cx43-/- cells. Astroglial Cx43 hemichannels represent a novel therapeutic target for chronic EAE and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ozdemir Takase
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nagata
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Masaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yamaguchi
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Reiwa Health Sciences University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Graduate School of Medicine, and School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Ookawa, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Brain and Nerve Center, Fukuoka Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan.
- Center for Intractable Neurological Diseases and Dementia, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami, Japan.
| | - Noriko Isobe
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Prins CA, de Oliveira FL, de Mello Coelho V, Dos Santos Ribeiro EB, de Almeida JS, Silva NMB, Almeida FM, Martinez AMB. Galectin-3 absence alters lymphocytes populations dynamics behavior and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114785. [PMID: 38670250 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results from various mechanisms that damage the nervous tissue and the blood-brain barrier, leading to sensory and motor function loss below the injury site. Unfortunately, current therapeutic approaches for SCI have limited efficacy in improving patients outcomes. Galectin-3, a protein whose expression increases after SCI, influences the neuroinflammatory response by favoring pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and microglia, while inhibiting pro-regenerative M2 macrophages and microglia, which are crucial for inflammation resolution and tissue regeneration. Previous studies with Galectin-3 knock-out mice demonstrated enhanced motor recovery after SCI. The M1/M2 balance is strongly influenced by the predominant lymphocytic profiles (Th1, Th2, T Reg, Th17) and cytokines and chemokines released at the lesion site. The present study aimed to investigate how the absence of galectin-3 impacts the adaptive immune system cell population dynamics in various lymphoid spaces following a low thoracic spinal cord compression injury (T9-T10) using a 30 g vascular clip for one minute. It also aimed to assess its influence on the functional outcome in wild-type (WT)and Galectin-3 knock-out (GALNEG) mice. Histological analysis with hematoxylin-eosin and Luxol Fast Blue staining revealed that WT and GALNEG animals exhibit similar spinal cord morphology. The absence of galectin-3 does not affect the common neuroanatomy shared between the groups prompting us to analyze outcomes between both groups. Following our crush model, both groups lost motor and sensory functions below the lesion level. During a 42-day period, GALNEG mice demonstrated superior locomotor recovery in the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) gait analysis and enhanced motor coordination performance in the ladder rung walk test (LRW) compared to WT mice. GALNEG mice also exhibited better sensory recovery, and their electrophysiological parameters suggested a higher number of functional axons with faster nerve conduction. Seven days after injury, flow cytometry of thymus, spleen, and blood revealed an increased number of T Reg and Th2 cells, accompanied by a decrease in Th1 and Th17 cells in GALNEG mice. Immunohistochemistry conducted on the same day exhibited an increased number of Th2 and T Reg cells around the GALNEG's spinal cord lesion site. At 42-day dpi immunohistochemistry analyses displayed reduced astrogliosis and greater axon preservation in GALNEG's spinal cord seem as a reduction of GFAP immunostaining and an increase in NFH immunostaining, respectively. In conclusion, GALNEG mice exhibited better functional recovery attributed to the milder pro-inflammatory influence, compensated by a higher quantity of T Reg and Th2 cells. These findings suggest that galectin-3 plays a crucial role in the immune response after spinal cord injury and could be a potential target for clinical therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Andrade Prins
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementina Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Leite de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria de Mello Coelho
- Laboratório de lmunofisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Bezerra Dos Santos Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementina Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silva de Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementina Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia Moraes Bechelli Silva
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementina Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementina Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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3
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Faridar A, Eid AM, Thome AD, Zhao W, Beers DR, Pascual MB, Nakawah MO, Roman GC, Davis CS, Grundman M, Masdeu JC, Appel SH. A phase 1 open-label pilot study of low-dose interleukine-2 immunotherapy in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:54. [PMID: 37968718 PMCID: PMC10652426 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05821153, Registered April 20 2023, Retrospectively registered, https://classic. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT05821153.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Faridar
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite P3-201, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abdulmunaim M Eid
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite P3-201, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron D Thome
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite P3-201, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite P3-201, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David R Beers
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite P3-201, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria B Pascual
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite P3-201, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad O Nakawah
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite P3-201, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gustavo C Roman
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite P3-201, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael Grundman
- Global R&D Partners, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Masdeu
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite P3-201, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stanley H Appel
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite P3-201, Houston, TX, USA.
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Mittermüller D, Otto L, Long Z, Kraus A, Beer A, Hasenberg A, Zelinskyy G, Westmeier J, Hasenkrug KJ, Dittmer U, Gunzer M. Regulatory T cells suppress the motility of cytotoxic T cells in Friend retrovirus-infected mice. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167482. [PMID: 37427590 PMCID: PMC10371334 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiviral immunity often requires CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that actively migrate and search for virus-infected targets. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to suppress CTL responses, but it is not known whether this is also mediated by effects on CTL motility. Here, we used intravital 2-photon microscopy in the Friend retrovirus (FV) mouse model to define the impact of Tregs on CTL motility throughout the course of acute infection. Virus-specific CTLs were very motile and had frequent short contacts with target cells at their peak cytotoxic activity. However, when Tregs were activated and expanded in late-acute FV infection, CTLs became significantly less motile and contacts with target cells were prolonged. This phenotype was associated with development of functional CTL exhaustion. Tregs had direct contacts with CTLs in vivo and, importantly, their experimental depletion restored CTL motility. Our findings identify an effect of Tregs on CTL motility as part of their mechanism of functional impairment in chronic viral infections. Future studies must address the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mittermüller
- Institute for Virology and
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lucas Otto
- Institute for Virology and
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Zoë Long
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kraus
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Beer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Hasenberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Kim J Hasenkrug
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology and
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Analytical Sciences ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
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5
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Acosta-Galeana I, Hernández-Martínez R, Reyes-Cruz T, Chiquete E, Aceves-Buendia JDJ. RNA-binding proteins as a common ground for neurodegeneration and inflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1193636. [PMID: 37475885 PMCID: PMC10355071 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1193636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative and inflammatory illnesses of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis were once thought to be completely distinct entities that did not share any remarkable features, but new research is beginning to reveal more information about their similarities and differences. Here, we review some of the pathophysiological features of both diseases and their experimental models: RNA-binding proteins, energy balance, protein transportation, and protein degradation at the molecular level. We make a thorough analysis on TDP-43 and hnRNP A1 dysfunction, as a possible common ground in both pathologies, establishing a potential link between neurodegeneration and pathological immunity. Furthermore, we highlight the putative variations that diverge from a common ground in an atemporal course that proposes three phases for all relevant molecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tania Reyes-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erwin Chiquete
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose de Jesus Aceves-Buendia
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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6
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Coulis G, Jaime D, Guerrero-Juarez C, Kastenschmidt JM, Farahat PK, Nguyen Q, Pervolarakis N, McLinden K, Thurlow L, Movahedi S, Duarte J, Sorn A, Montoya E, Mozaffar I, Dragan M, Othy S, Joshi T, Hans CP, Kimonis V, MacLean AL, Nie Q, Wallace LM, Harper SQ, Mozaffar T, Hogarth MW, Bhattacharya S, Jaiswal JK, Golann DR, Su Q, Kessenbrock K, Stec M, Spencer MJ, Zamudio JR, Villalta SA. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics identify a macrophage population associated with skeletal muscle fibrosis. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.18.537253. [PMID: 37131694 PMCID: PMC10153153 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.18.537253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The monocytic/macrophage system is essential for skeletal muscle homeostasis, but its dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of muscle degenerative disorders. Despite our increasing knowledge of the role of macrophages in degenerative disease, it still remains unclear how macrophages contribute to muscle fibrosis. Here, we used single-cell transcriptomics to determine the molecular attributes of dystrophic and healthy muscle macrophages. We identified six novel clusters. Unexpectedly, none corresponded to traditional definitions of M1 or M2 macrophage activation. Rather, the predominant macrophage signature in dystrophic muscle was characterized by high expression of fibrotic factors, galectin-3 and spp1. Spatial transcriptomics and computational inferences of intercellular communication indicated that spp1 regulates stromal progenitor and macrophage interactions during muscular dystrophy. Galectin-3 + macrophages were chronically activated in dystrophic muscle and adoptive transfer assays showed that the galectin-3 + phenotype was the dominant molecular program induced within the dystrophic milieu. Histological examination of human muscle biopsies revealed that galectin-3 + macrophages were also elevated in multiple myopathies. These studies advance our understanding of macrophages in muscular dystrophy by defining the transcriptional programs induced in muscle macrophages, and reveal spp1 as a major regulator of macrophage and stromal progenitor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Coulis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Diego Jaime
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Christian Guerrero-Juarez
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Jenna M. Kastenschmidt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Philip K. Farahat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Quy Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, USA
| | | | - Katherine McLinden
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lauren Thurlow
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Saba Movahedi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Jorge Duarte
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Andrew Sorn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Elizabeth Montoya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Izza Mozaffar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Morgan Dragan
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Shivashankar Othy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Chetan P. Hans
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | | | - Adam L. MacLean
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Wallace
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital
| | - Scott Q. Harper
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital
| | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Marshall W. Hogarth
- Children’s National Hospital, Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Surajit Bhattacharya
- Children’s National Hospital, Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jyoti K. Jaiswal
- Children’s National Hospital, Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Qi Su
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Michael Stec
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Jesse R. Zamudio
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - S. Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, USA
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Buttigieg E, Scheller A, El Waly B, Kirchhoff F, Debarbieux F. Contribution of Intravital Neuroimaging to Study Animal Models of Multiple Sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:22-38. [PMID: 36653665 PMCID: PMC10119369 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex and long-lasting neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by the loss of myelin within the white matter and cortical fibers, axonopathy, and inflammatory responses leading to consequent sensory-motor and cognitive deficits of patients. While complete resolution of the disease is not yet a reality, partial tissue repair has been observed in patients which offers hope for therapeutic strategies. To address the molecular and cellular events of the pathomechanisms, a variety of animal models have been developed to investigate distinct aspects of MS disease. Recent advances of multiscale intravital imaging facilitated the direct in vivo analysis of MS in the animal models with perspective of clinical transfer to patients. This review gives an overview of MS animal models, focusing on the current imaging modalities at the microscopic and macroscopic levels and emphasizing the importance of multimodal approaches to improve our understanding of the disease and minimize the use of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Buttigieg
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, 66421, Homburg, Germany
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR7289, 13005, Marseille, France
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Bilal El Waly
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR7289, 13005, Marseille, France
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Franck Debarbieux
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR7289, 13005, Marseille, France.
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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8
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Karimi-Abdolrezaee S, Ziaee S. Emerging role of neuregulin-1beta1 in pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2023. [PMID: 35799530 PMCID: PMC9241410 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder causing demyelination and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. MS is characterized by disturbed motor performance and cognitive impairment. Current MS treatments delay disease progression and reduce relapse rates with general immunomodulation, yet curative therapies are still lacking. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are able to suppress autoreactive immune cells, which drive MS pathology. However, Tregs are functionally impaired in people with MS. Interestingly, Tregs were recently reported to also have regenerative capacity. Therefore, experts agree that Treg cell therapy has the potential to ameliorate the disease. However, to perform their local anti-inflammatory and regenerative functions in the brain, they must first migrate across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review summarizes the reported results concerning the migration of Tregs across the BBB and the influence of Tregs on migration of other immune subsets. Finally, their therapeutic potential is discussed in the context of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Verreycken
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium,University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paulien Baeten
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium,University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium,University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium,CONTACT Bieke Broux Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
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10
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Park HE, Oh H, Baek JH. Interleukin-34-regulated T-cell responses in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1078350. [PMID: 36530919 PMCID: PMC9747768 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1078350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a multifaceted etiology, which primarily affects and results in the deterioration of the synovium of patients. While the exact etiology of RA is still largely unknown, there is growing interest in the cytokine interleukin-34 (IL-34) as a driver or modulator of RA pathogenesis on the grounds that IL-34 is drastically increased in the serum and synovium of RA patients. Several studies have so far revealed the relationship between IL-34 levels and RA disease progression. Nevertheless, the significance and role of IL-34 in RA have remained ambiguous, as illustrated by two most recent studies, which reported contrasting effects of genetic IL-34 deletion in RA. Of note, IL-34 is a macrophage growth factor and is increasingly perceived as a master regulator of T-cell responses in RA via macrophage-dependent as well as T cell-intrinsic mechanisms. In this regard, several studies have demonstrated that IL-34 potentiates helper T-cell (Th) responses in RA, whereas studies also suggested that IL-34 alleviates synovial inflammation, potentially by inducing regulatory T-cells (Treg). Herein, we provide an overview of the current understanding of IL-34 involvement in RA and outline IL-34-mediated mechanisms in regulating T-cell responses in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jea-Hyun Baek
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
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11
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Uddin MN, Manley K, Lawrence DA. Altered meningeal immunity contributing to the autism-like behavior of BTBR T Itpr3/J mice. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Cai Y, Schroeder JA, Jing W, Gurski C, Williams CB, Wang S, Dittel BN, Shi Q. Targeting transmembrane-domain-less MOG expression to platelets prevents disease development in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029356. [PMID: 36389708 PMCID: PMC9647046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with no cure yet. Here, we report genetic engineering of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to express myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), specifically in platelets, as a means of intervention to induce immune tolerance in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the mouse model of MS. The platelet-specific αIIb promoter was used to drive either a full-length or truncated MOG expression cassette. Platelet-MOG expression was introduced by lentivirus transduction of HSCs followed by transplantation. MOG protein was detected on the cell surface of platelets only in full-length MOG-transduced recipients, but MOG was detected in transmembrane-domain-less MOG1-157-transduced platelets intracellularly. We found that targeting MOG expression to platelets could prevent EAE development and attenuate disease severity, including the loss of bladder control in transduced recipients. Elimination of the transmembrane domains of MOG significantly enhanced the clinical efficacy in preventing the onset and development of the disease and induced CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells in the EAE model. Together, our data demonstrated that targeting transmembrane domain-deleted MOG expression to platelets is an effective strategy to induce immune tolerance in EAE, which could be a promising approach for the treatment of patients with MS autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhua Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jocelyn A. Schroeder
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Weiqing Jing
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Cody Gurski
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Calvin B. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Shaoyuan Wang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qizhen Shi, ; Shaoyuan Wang,
| | - Bonnie N. Dittel
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Qizhen Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Midwest Athletes Against Childhood Cancer (MACC) Fund Research Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Qizhen Shi, ; Shaoyuan Wang,
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13
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Benallegue N, Nicol B, Lasselin J, Bézie S, Flippe L, Regue H, Vimond N, Remy S, Garcia A, Le Frère F, Anegon I, Laplaud D, Guillonneau C. Patients With Severe Multiple Sclerosis Exhibit Functionally Altered CD8 + Regulatory T Cells. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2022; 9:9/6/e200016. [PMID: 36266052 PMCID: PMC9621606 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the CNS. Studies of immune dysfunction in MS have mostly focused on CD4+ Tregs, but the role of CD8+ Tregs remains largely unexplored. We previously evidenced the suppressive properties of rat and human CD8+CD45RClow/neg Tregs from healthy individuals, expressing Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and acting through interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and interleukin-34 (IL-34). secretions to regulate immune responses and control diseases such as transplant rejection. To better understand CD8+CD45RClow/neg Tregs contribution to MS pathology, we further investigated their phenotype, function, and transcriptome in patients with MS. METHODS We enrolled adults with relapsing-remitting MS and age-matched and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs). CD8+ T cells were segregated based on low or lack of expression of CD45RC. First, the frequency in CSF and blood, phenotype, transcriptome, and function of CD8+CD45RClow and neg were investigated according to exacerbation status and secondarily, according to clinical severity based on the MS severity score (MSSS) in patients with nonexacerbating MS. We then induced active MOG35-55 EAE in C57Bl/6 mice and performed adoptive transfer of fresh and expanded CD8+CD45RCneg Tregs to assess their ability to mitigate neuroinflammation in vivo. RESULTS Thirty-one untreated patients with relapsing-remitting MS were compared with 40 age-matched and sex-matched HVs. We demonstrated no difference of CSF CD8+CD45RClow and CD8+CD45RCneg proportions, but blood CD8+CD45RClow frequency was lower in patients with MS exacerbation when compared with that in HVs. CD8+CD45RCneg Tregs but not CD8+CD45RClow showed higher suppressive capacities in vitro in MS patients with exacerbation than in patients without acute inflammatory attack. In vitro functional assays showed a compromised suppression capacity of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs in patients with nonexacerbating severe MS, defined by the MSSS. We then characterized murine CD8+CD45RCneg Tregs and demonstrated the potential of CD45RCneg cells to migrate to the CNS and mitigate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in vivo. DISCUSSION Altogether, these results suggest a defect in the number and function of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs during MS relapse and an association of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs dysfunction with MS severity. Thus, CD8+CD45RClow/neg T cells might bring new insights into the pathophysiology and new therapeutic approaches of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nail Benallegue
- From the Nantes Université (N.B., B.N., J.L., S.B., L.F., H.R., N.V., S.R., A.G., I.A., D.L., C.G.), INSERM, CNRS, Center for Research in Transplantation et Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; and CHU Nantes (F.L.F.), Nantes Université, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences Sclérose en Plaques, Nantes, France
| | - Bryan Nicol
- From the Nantes Université (N.B., B.N., J.L., S.B., L.F., H.R., N.V., S.R., A.G., I.A., D.L., C.G.), INSERM, CNRS, Center for Research in Transplantation et Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; and CHU Nantes (F.L.F.), Nantes Université, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences Sclérose en Plaques, Nantes, France
| | - Juliette Lasselin
- From the Nantes Université (N.B., B.N., J.L., S.B., L.F., H.R., N.V., S.R., A.G., I.A., D.L., C.G.), INSERM, CNRS, Center for Research in Transplantation et Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; and CHU Nantes (F.L.F.), Nantes Université, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences Sclérose en Plaques, Nantes, France
| | - Severine Bézie
- From the Nantes Université (N.B., B.N., J.L., S.B., L.F., H.R., N.V., S.R., A.G., I.A., D.L., C.G.), INSERM, CNRS, Center for Research in Transplantation et Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; and CHU Nantes (F.L.F.), Nantes Université, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences Sclérose en Plaques, Nantes, France
| | - Lea Flippe
- From the Nantes Université (N.B., B.N., J.L., S.B., L.F., H.R., N.V., S.R., A.G., I.A., D.L., C.G.), INSERM, CNRS, Center for Research in Transplantation et Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; and CHU Nantes (F.L.F.), Nantes Université, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences Sclérose en Plaques, Nantes, France
| | - Hadrien Regue
- From the Nantes Université (N.B., B.N., J.L., S.B., L.F., H.R., N.V., S.R., A.G., I.A., D.L., C.G.), INSERM, CNRS, Center for Research in Transplantation et Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; and CHU Nantes (F.L.F.), Nantes Université, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences Sclérose en Plaques, Nantes, France
| | - Nadege Vimond
- From the Nantes Université (N.B., B.N., J.L., S.B., L.F., H.R., N.V., S.R., A.G., I.A., D.L., C.G.), INSERM, CNRS, Center for Research in Transplantation et Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; and CHU Nantes (F.L.F.), Nantes Université, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences Sclérose en Plaques, Nantes, France
| | - Severine Remy
- From the Nantes Université (N.B., B.N., J.L., S.B., L.F., H.R., N.V., S.R., A.G., I.A., D.L., C.G.), INSERM, CNRS, Center for Research in Transplantation et Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; and CHU Nantes (F.L.F.), Nantes Université, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences Sclérose en Plaques, Nantes, France
| | - Alexandra Garcia
- From the Nantes Université (N.B., B.N., J.L., S.B., L.F., H.R., N.V., S.R., A.G., I.A., D.L., C.G.), INSERM, CNRS, Center for Research in Transplantation et Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; and CHU Nantes (F.L.F.), Nantes Université, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences Sclérose en Plaques, Nantes, France
| | - Fabienne Le Frère
- From the Nantes Université (N.B., B.N., J.L., S.B., L.F., H.R., N.V., S.R., A.G., I.A., D.L., C.G.), INSERM, CNRS, Center for Research in Transplantation et Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; and CHU Nantes (F.L.F.), Nantes Université, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences Sclérose en Plaques, Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- From the Nantes Université (N.B., B.N., J.L., S.B., L.F., H.R., N.V., S.R., A.G., I.A., D.L., C.G.), INSERM, CNRS, Center for Research in Transplantation et Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; and CHU Nantes (F.L.F.), Nantes Université, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences Sclérose en Plaques, Nantes, France
| | - David Laplaud
- From the Nantes Université (N.B., B.N., J.L., S.B., L.F., H.R., N.V., S.R., A.G., I.A., D.L., C.G.), INSERM, CNRS, Center for Research in Transplantation et Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; and CHU Nantes (F.L.F.), Nantes Université, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences Sclérose en Plaques, Nantes, France
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- From the Nantes Université (N.B., B.N., J.L., S.B., L.F., H.R., N.V., S.R., A.G., I.A., D.L., C.G.), INSERM, CNRS, Center for Research in Transplantation et Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; and CHU Nantes (F.L.F.), Nantes Université, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences Sclérose en Plaques, Nantes, France.
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Abstract
Inflammation is a biological process that dynamically alters the surrounding microenvironment, including participating immune cells. As a well-protected organ surrounded by specialized barriers and with immune privilege properties, the central nervous system (CNS) tightly regulates immune responses. Yet in neuroinflammatory conditions, pathogenic immunity can disrupt CNS structure and function. T cells in particular play a key role in promoting and restricting neuroinflammatory responses, while the inflamed CNS microenvironment can influence and reshape T cell function and identity. Still, the contraction of aberrant T cell responses within the CNS is not well understood. Using autoimmunity as a model, here we address the contribution of CD4 T helper (Th) cell subsets in promoting neuropathology and disease. To address the mechanisms antagonizing neuroinflammation, we focus on the control of the immune response by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and describe the counteracting processes that preserve their identity under inflammatory challenges. Finally, given the influence of the local microenvironment on immune regulation, we address how CNS-intrinsic signals reshape T cell function to mitigate abnormal immune T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nail Benallegue
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Hania Kebir
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jorge I. Alvarez
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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15
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Yang K, He X, Wu Z, Yin Y, Pan H, Zhao X, Sun T. The emerging roles of piezo1 channels in animal models of multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:976522. [PMID: 36177027 PMCID: PMC9513475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.976522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system (CNS). Its pathogenesis is quite complex: Accumulated evidence suggests that biochemical signals as well as mechanical stimuli play important roles in MS. In both patients and animal models of MS, brain viscoelasticity is reduced during disease progression. Piezo mechanosensitive channels are recently discovered, and their three-dimensional structure has been solved. Both the membrane dome mechanism and the membrane footprint hypothesis have been proposed to explain their mechanosensitivity. While membrane-mediated forces alone appear to be sufficient to induce Piezo gating, tethers attached to the membrane or to the channel itself also seem to play a role. Current research indicates that Piezo1 channels play a key role in multiple aspects of MS pathogenesis. Activation of Piezo1 channels in axon negatively regulates CNS myelination. in addition, the inhibition of Piezo1 in CD4+ T cells and/or T regulatory cells (Treg) attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) symptoms. Although more work has to be done to clarify the roles of Piezo1 channels in MS, they might be a promising future drug target for MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Yang, ; Taolei Sun,
| | - Xueai He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengqi Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimeng Yin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanyu Pan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Yang, ; Taolei Sun,
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16
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Brummer T, Zipp F, Bittner S. T cell-neuron interaction in inflammatory and progressive multiple sclerosis biology. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 75:102588. [PMID: 35732103 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune condition of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by acute inflammatory relapses, chronic neuro-axonal degeneration, and subsequent disability progression. T cells - in interaction with B cells and CNS-resident glial cells - are key initiators and drivers of neurodegeneration in MS. However, it is not entirely clear how encephalitogenic T cells orchestrate the local immune response within the brain and how they overtake disease stage-specific roles in MS pathogenesis. This review highlights recent advances in understanding direct and indirect T cell-neuron interactions in inflammatory and progressive MS. Finally, we discuss new diagnostic tools such as neurofilament light chain (NfL), which is on the cusp of becoming a key factor in clinical and therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brummer
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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17
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Zhang Z, Zhang K, Zhang M, Zhang X, Zhang R. Parthenolide Suppresses T Helper 17 and Alleviates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856694. [PMID: 35514960 PMCID: PMC9066638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) cells play crucial roles in inflammation and adaptive immune system. Importantly, Th17 cells, a major pathogenic Th cell subset, are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its classical animal modal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Previous studies have shown that parthenolide (PTL), a sesquiterpene lactone, possesses potent anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the immunosuppressive effect of PTL on the pathogenic Th17 cell and MS is unclear. In this study, we showed that PTL treatment could alleviate clinical symptoms by inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration, reducing inflammation and demyelination of CNS. In addition, the mRNA expression of cytokines and inflammatory factors in CD4+ T cells, especially Th1 and Th17 cells, reduced in both CNS and peripheral immune tissue of EAE mice. Furthermore, PTL could inhibit the reactivation of MOG-specific T cells and the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells in vitro. We also found that PTL inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and retinoid-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt) in mouse Th17 cell and human Jurkat cell line. Taken together, our data demonstrated a critical immune-suppressive effect of PTL on autoimmune inflammation through regulating Th17 cells and the NF-κB/RORγt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Bolton JL, Short AK, Othy S, Kooiker CL, Shao M, Gunn BG, Beck J, Bai X, Law SM, Savage JC, Lambert JJ, Belelli D, Tremblay MÈ, Cahalan MD, Baram TZ. Early stress-induced impaired microglial pruning of excitatory synapses on immature CRH-expressing neurons provokes aberrant adult stress responses. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110600. [PMID: 35354026 PMCID: PMC9014810 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mental illnesses, characterized by aberrant stress reactivity, often arise after early-life adversity (ELA). However, it is unclear how ELA affects stress-related brain circuit maturation, provoking these enduring vulnerabilities. We find that ELA increases functional excitatory synapses onto stress-sensitive hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-expressing neurons, resulting from disrupted developmental synapse pruning by adjacent microglia. Microglial process dynamics and synaptic element engulfment were attenuated in ELA mice, associated with deficient signaling of the microglial phagocytic receptor MerTK. Accordingly, selective chronic chemogenetic activation of ELA microglia increased microglial process dynamics and reduced excitatory synapse density to control levels. Notably, selective early-life activation of ELA microglia normalized adult acute and chronic stress responses, including stress-induced hormone secretion and behavioral threat responses, as well as chronic adrenal hypertrophy of ELA mice. Thus, microglial actions during development are powerful contributors to mechanisms by which ELA sculpts the connectivity of stress-regulating neurons, promoting vulnerability to stress and stress-related mental illnesses. Early-life adversity (ELA) promotes lifelong aberrant stress responses and vulnerability to mental illnesses. Bolton et al. identify poor dynamics and hypothalamic CRH neurons’ excitatory synapse pruning of ELA microglia, implicating microglial MerTK. Chronic chemogenetic activation of ELA microglia normalized process dynamics, synapse density, and adult hormonal and behavioral stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bolton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Annabel K Short
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shivashankar Othy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra L Kooiker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Manlin Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin G Gunn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Dundee University, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Jaclyn Beck
- Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xinglong Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie M Law
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Julie C Savage
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jeremy J Lambert
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Dundee University, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Delia Belelli
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Dundee University, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Michael D Cahalan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tallie Z Baram
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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19
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Antwi S, Oduro-Mensah D, Asiedu-Larbi J, Oduro-Mensah E, Quasie O, Lewis C, Darko-Obiri D, Ocloo A, Okine LK. Prophylactic or therapeutic administration of Holarrhena floribunda hydro ethanol extract suppresses complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Inflamm (Lond) 2022; 19:3. [PMID: 35248062 PMCID: PMC8897772 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A hydro ethanol extract of the stem bark of Holarrhena floribunda (HFE) has been shown to be effective in the management of acute inflammation. This study was to evaluate usefulness of the extract for the management of chronic inflammation in a murine model. Methods Arthritis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using Complete Freund’s Adjuvant. Anti-arthritic effect of the extract was evaluated in prophylactic and therapeutic treatment models at doses of 50, 200 and 500 mg/kg. Parameters assessed included oedema, serology of inflammatory response, bone tissue histology and haematology. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc test. Results HFE at 50–500 mg/kg dose-dependently [P ≥ 0.0354 (prophylactic) and P ≥ 0.0001 (therapeutic) inhibited swelling of the injected paw upon prophylactic [≤ 81.26% (P < 0.0001) or therapeutic [≤ 67.92% (P < 0.01) administration — and prevented spread of arthritis to the contralateral paw. The inflammation alleviation activity was further demonstrated by decrease in arthritis score, radiologic score and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. HFE at all doses significantly reduced serum interleukin (IL)-1α (P < 0.0197), and 500 mg/kg HFE reduced IL-6 (P = 0.0032). In contrast, serum concentrations of IL-10, protein kinase A and cyclic adenosine monophosphate were enhanced (P ≤ 0.0436). HFE consistently showed better prophylactic than therapeutic activity. Conclusion HFE strongly suppressed Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced arthritis and modulated regulators of inflammation, including IL-1α, − 6 and − 10. Taken together, the data suggest that HFE has potential for use as an agent for modulation of the inflammatory response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12950-022-00301-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Antwi
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P. O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Oduro-Mensah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana. .,West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Jerry Asiedu-Larbi
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P. O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
| | | | - Olga Quasie
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P. O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Clara Lewis
- Clinical Research Department, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P. O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
| | - David Darko-Obiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Augustine Ocloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana.,West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Laud Kenneth Okine
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana.,West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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20
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Jacobelli J, Buser AE, Heiden DL, Friedman RS. Autoimmunity in motion: Mechanisms of immune regulation and destruction revealed by in vivo imaging. Immunol Rev 2022; 306:181-199. [PMID: 34825390 PMCID: PMC9135487 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity arises when mechanisms of immune tolerance fail. Here we discuss mechanisms of T cell activation and tolerance and the dynamics of the autoimmune response at the site of disease. Live imaging of autoimmunity provides the ability to analyze immune cell dynamics at the single-cell level within the complex intact environment where disease occurs. These analyses have revealed mechanisms of T cell activation and tolerance in the lymph nodes, mechanisms of T cell entry into sites of autoimmune disease, and mechanisms leading to pathogenesis or protection in the autoimmune lesions. The overarching conclusions point to stable versus transient T cell antigen presenting cell interactions dictating the balance between T cell activation and tolerance, and T cell restimulation as a driver of pathogenesis at the site of autoimmunity. Findings from models of multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes are highlighted, however, the results have implications for basic mechanisms of T cell regulation during immune responses, tumor immunity, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Jacobelli
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Alan E. Buser
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Dustin L. Heiden
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Rachel S. Friedman
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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21
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Abstract
Insights into T cell form, function, and dysfunction are rapidly evolving. T cells have remarkably varied effector functions including protecting the host from infection, activating cells of the innate immune system, releasing cytokines and chemokines, and heavily contributing to immunological memory. Under healthy conditions, T cells orchestrate a finely tuned attack on invading pathogens while minimizing damage to the host. The dark side of T cells is that they also exhibit autoreactivity and inflict harm to host cells, creating autoimmunity. The mechanisms of T cell autoreactivity are complex and dynamic. Emerging research is elucidating the mechanisms leading T cells to become autoreactive and how such responses cause or contribute to diverse disease states, both peripherally and within the central nervous system. This review provides foundational information on T cell development, differentiation, and functions. Key T cell subtypes, cytokines that create their effector roles, and sex differences are highlighted. Pathological T cell contributions to diverse peripheral and central disease states, arising from errors in reactivity, are highlighted, with a focus on multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linda R. Watkins
- Corresponding author: Ph: 720-387-0304, Fax: 303-735-8290, , Address: 2860 Wilderness Place, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301
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22
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Hamza A, Amit J, Elizabeth L E, Medha M P, Michael D C, Wendy F L. Ion channel mediated mechanotransduction in immune cells. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 2021; 25. [PMID: 35645593 PMCID: PMC9131931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2021.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The immune system performs critical functions to defend against invading pathogens and maintain tissue homeostasis. Immune cells reside within or are recruited to a host of mechanically active tissues throughout the body and, as a result, are exposed to varying types and degrees of mechanical stimuli. Despite their abundance in such tissues, the role of mechanical stimuli in influencing immune cell function and the molecular mechanisms responsible for mechanics-mediated changes are still poorly understood. The recent emergence of mechanically-gated ion channels, particularly Piezo1, has provided an exciting avenue of research within the fields of mechanobiology and immunology. Numerous studies have identified roles for mechanically-gated ion channels in mechanotransduction within various different cell types, with a few recent studies in immune cells. These initial studies provide strong evidence that mechanically-gated ion channels play pivotal roles in regulating the immune system. In this review, we discuss characteristics of ion channel mediated force transduction, review the current techniques used to quantify and visualize ion channel activity in response to mechanical stimuli, and finally we provide an overview of recent studies examining the role of mechanically-gated ion channels in modulating immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atcha Hamza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Jairaman Amit
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Evans Elizabeth L
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Pathak Medha M
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Cahalan Michael D
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Liu Wendy F
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
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23
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Schienstock D, Mueller SN. Moving beyond velocity: Opportunities and challenges to quantify immune cell behavior. Immunol Rev 2021; 306:123-136. [PMID: 34786722 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of cellular behavior using intravital multi-photon microscopy has contributed substantially to our understanding of the priming and effector phases of immune responses. Yet, many questions remain unanswered and unexplored. Though advancements in intravital imaging techniques and animal models continue to drive new discoveries, continued improvements in analysis methods are needed to extract detailed information about cellular behavior. Focusing on dendritic cell (DC) and T cell interactions as an exemplar, here we discuss key limitations for intravital imaging studies and review and explore alternative approaches to quantify immune cell behavior. We touch upon current developments in deep learning models, as well as established methods from unrelated fields such as ecology to detect and track objects over time. As developments in open-source software make it possible to process and interactively view larger datasets, the challenge for the field will be to determine how best to combine intravital imaging with multi-parameter imaging of larger tissue regions to discover new facets of leukocyte dynamics and how these contribute to immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schienstock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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24
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Schroeter CB, Huntemann N, Bock S, Nelke C, Kremer D, Pfeffer K, Meuth SG, Ruck T. Crosstalk of Microorganisms and Immune Responses in Autoimmune Neuroinflammation: A Focus on Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747143. [PMID: 34691057 PMCID: PMC8529161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the major determinant of peripheral immune tolerance. Many Treg subsets have been described, however thymus-derived and peripherally induced Tregs remain the most important subpopulations. In multiple sclerosis, a prototypical autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system, Treg dysfunction is a pathogenic hallmark. In contrast, induction of Treg proliferation and enhancement of their function are central immune evasion mechanisms of infectious pathogens. In accordance, Treg expansion is compartmentalized to tissues with high viral replication and prolonged in chronic infections. In friend retrovirus infection, Treg expansion is mainly based on excessive interleukin-2 production by infected effector T cells. Moreover, pathogens seem also to enhance Treg functions as shown in human immunodeficiency virus infection, where Tregs express higher levels of effector molecules such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, CD39 and cAMP and show increased suppressive capacity. Thus, insights into the molecular mechanisms by which intracellular pathogens alter Treg functions might aid to find new therapeutic approaches to target central nervous system autoimmunity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of pathogens for Treg function in the context of autoimmune neuroinflammation. We discuss the mechanistic implications for future therapies and provide an outlook for new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina B Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Niklas Huntemann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bock
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christopher Nelke
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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25
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Jairaman A, Cahalan MD. Calcium Imaging in T Lymphocytes: a Protocol for Use with Genetically Encoded or Chemical Ca 2+ Indicators. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4170. [PMID: 34722817 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevations in cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) drive a wide array of immune cell functions, including cytokine production, gene expression, and cell motility. Live-cell imaging of cells loaded with ratiometric chemical Ca2+ indicators remains the gold standard for visualization and quantification of intracellular Ca2+ signals; ratiometric imaging can be accomplished with dyes such as Fura-2, the combination of Fluo-4 and Fura-Red, or, alternatively, by expressing genetically-encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECI) such as GCaMPs. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for Ca2+ imaging of T cells in vitro using genetically encoded or chemical indicators that can also be applied to a wide variety of cell types. The protocol addresses the challenge of facilitating T cell attachment on various substrates prepared on glass-bottom dishes to enable T cell imaging on an inverted microscope. The protocol also emphasizes cell preparation steps that ensure optimal cell viability - an essential requirement for recording dynamic changes in cytosolic Ca2+ levels - and that ensure reproducibility between multiple samples. Finally, we describe a simple algorithm to analyze single-cell Ca2+ signals over time using Fiji (ImageJ) software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jairaman
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
| | - Michael D Cahalan
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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26
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Serrano-López J, Martín-Antonio B. Inflammaging, an Imbalanced Immune Response That Needs to Be Restored for Cancer Prevention and Treatment in the Elderly. Cells 2021; 10:2562. [PMID: 34685542 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, new advances in society and health have brought an increased life expectancy. However, at the same time, aging comes with complications that impact the development of autoimmunity, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. These complications affect the quality of life and impact the public health system. Specifically, with aging, a low-grade chronic sterile systemic inflammation with self-reactivity in the absence of acute infection occurs termed inflammaging. Inflammaging is related to an imbalanced immune response that can be either naturally acquired with aging or accelerated due to external triggers. Different molecules, metabolites and inflammatory forms of cell death are highly involved in these processes. Importantly, adoptive cellular immunotherapy is a modality of treatment for cancer patients that administers ex vivo expanded immune cells in the patient. The manipulation of these cells confers them enhanced proinflammatory properties. A general consequence of proinflammatory events is the development of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Herein, we review subsets of immune cells with a pertinent role in inflammaging, relevant proteins involved in these inflammatory events and external triggers that enhance and accelerate these processes. Moreover, we mention relevant preclinical studies that demonstrate associations of chronic inflammation with cancer development.
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27
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Suchonwanit P, Kositkuljorn C, Pomsoong C. Alopecia Areata: An Autoimmune Disease of Multiple Players. Immunotargets Ther 2021; 10:299-312. [PMID: 34350136 PMCID: PMC8328385 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s266409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease of the hair follicles. It is characterized by a well-defined non-scarring alopecic patch or patches that may extend to the entire scalp or lead to total body hair loss. Due to its unpredictable clinical course, AA causes substantial psychological harm. Despite the high prevalence of this disease and extensive research, its exact pathomechanism is unclear, and current treatments have a high relapse rate that has deemed AA incurable. Over the past few decades, researchers have investigated multiple potential factors that may help alleviate its pathogenesis and provide effective treatment. Given its complex immunopathogenesis, AA is considered an autoimmune disease with multiple factors. This review gathers current evidence that emphasizes molecular mechanisms, possible causative etiologies, and targeted immunotherapies for AA. Understanding its underlying mechanisms may shed light on new strategies to effectively manage AA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonkiat Suchonwanit
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaninan Kositkuljorn
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cherrin Pomsoong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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28
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Jairaman A, Othy S, Dynes JL, Yeromin AV, Zavala A, Greenberg ML, Nourse JL, Holt JR, Cahalan SM, Marangoni F, Parker I, Pathak MM, Cahalan MD. Piezo1 channels restrain regulatory T cells but are dispensable for effector CD4 + T cell responses. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/28/eabg5859. [PMID: 34233878 PMCID: PMC8262815 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg5859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
T lymphocytes encounter complex mechanical cues during an immune response. The mechanosensitive ion channel, Piezo1, drives inflammatory responses to bacterial infections, wound healing, and cancer; however, its role in helper T cell function remains unclear. In an animal model for multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we found that mice with genetic deletion of Piezo1 in T cells showed diminished disease severity. Unexpectedly, Piezo1 was not essential for lymph node homing, interstitial motility, Ca2+ signaling, T cell proliferation, or differentiation into proinflammatory T helper 1 (TH1) and TH17 subsets. However, Piezo1 deletion in T cells resulted in enhanced transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling and an expanded pool of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Moreover, mice with deletion of Piezo1 specifically in Treg cells showed significant attenuation of EAE. Our results indicate that Piezo1 selectively restrains Treg cells, without influencing activation events or effector T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jairaman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
| | - Shivashankar Othy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
| | - Joseph L Dynes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
| | - Andriy V Yeromin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
| | - Angel Zavala
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
| | - Milton L Greenberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
| | - Jamison L Nourse
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jesse R Holt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Stuart M Cahalan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 3215 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Francesco Marangoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
| | - Ian Parker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Medha M Pathak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Center for Complex Systems Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Michael D Cahalan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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29
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Khaw YM, Tierney A, Cunningham C, Soto-Díaz K, Kang E, Steelman AJ, Inoue M. Astrocytes lure CXCR2-expressing CD4 + T cells to gray matter via TAK1-mediated chemokine production in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2017213118. [PMID: 33597297 PMCID: PMC7923593 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017213118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease of the central nervous system driven by peripheral immune cell infiltration and glial activation. The pathological hallmark of MS is demyelination, and mounting evidence suggests neuronal damage in gray matter is a major contributor to disease irreversibility. While T cells are found in both gray and white matter of MS tissue, they are typically confined to the white matter of the most commonly used mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here, we used a modified EAE mouse model (Type-B EAE) that displays severe neuronal damage to investigate the interplay between peripheral immune cells and glial cells in the event of neuronal damage. We show that CD4+ T cells migrate to the spinal cord gray matter, preferentially to ventral horns. Compared to CD4+ T cells in white matter, gray matter-infiltrated CD4+ T cells were mostly immobilized and interacted with neurons, which are behaviors associated with detrimental effects to normal neuronal function. T cell-specific deletion of CXCR2 significantly decreased CD4+ T cell infiltration into gray matter in Type-B EAE mice. Further, astrocyte-targeted deletion of TAK1 inhibited production of CXCR2 ligands such as CXCL1 in gray matter, successfully prevented T cell migration into spinal cord gray matter, and averted neuronal damage and motor dysfunction in Type-B EAE mice. This study identifies astrocyte chemokine production as a requisite for the invasion of CD4+T cell into the gray matter to induce neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ming Khaw
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Abbey Tierney
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Claire Cunningham
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Katiria Soto-Díaz
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Eunjoo Kang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802;
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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30
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Abstract
Acute immune responses to microbial insults in the oral cavity often progress to chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis and apical periodontitis. Chronic oral inflammation causes destruction of the periodontium, potentially leading to loss of the dentition. Previous investigations have demonstrated that the composition of oral immune cells, rather than the overall extent of cellular infiltration, determines the pathological development of chronic inflammation. The role of T lymphocyte populations, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells, has been extensively described. Studies now propose pathogenic Th17 cells as a distinct subset, uniquely classifiable from traditional Th17 populations. In situ differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells has been verified as a source of destructive inflammation, which critically drives pathogenesis in chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Pathogenic Th17 cells resemble a Th1 penotype and produce not only interleukin 17 (IL-17) but also γ-interferon (IFN-γ) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The proinflammatory cytokine-specific mechanisms known to induce IL-17 expression in Th17 cells are well characterized; however, differentiation mechanisms that lead to pathogenic Th17 cells are less understood. Recently, Ca2+ signaling through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels (CRAC) in T cells has been uncovered as a major signaling axis involved in the regulation of T-cell-mediated chronic inflammation. In particular, pathogenic Th17 cell-mediated immunological diseases appear to be effectively targeted via such Ca2+ signaling pathways. Pathogenic plasticity of Th17 cells has been extensively illustrated in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Although their specific causal relationship to oral infection-induced chronic inflammatory diseases is not fully established, pathogenic Th17 cells may be involved in the underlining mechanism. This review highlights the current understanding of T-cell phenotype regulation, calcium signaling pathways in this event, and the potential role of pathogenic Th17 cells in chronic inflammatory disorders of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hasiakos
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Kang
- Section of Endodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - I Nishimura
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Wang L, Feske S. Seeing is believing: Visualizing immune cells and calcium signals at different stages of neuroinflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20360-2. [PMID: 32769207 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013377117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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