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Pan T, Hoang D, Payatakes A. Proximal interphalangeal-level fracture in patient with symphalangism. Case Reports Plast Surg Hand Surg 2022; 9:214-219. [PMID: 36212728 PMCID: PMC9542568 DOI: 10.1080/23320885.2022.2123808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Symphalangism is a rare, congenital syndrome involving ankylosis of the interphalangeal joints. We present a rare case of fracture at the level of a fused proximal interphalangeal joint in a patient with proximal symphalangism of the hand. Nonoperative management with splinting resulted in osseous healing and restored baseline function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Don Hoang
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Payatakes
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Bone and Joint Institute, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Hershey, PA, USA
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2
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Promoting Immortalized Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Transdifferentiation and Proliferation into Neuronal-Like Cells through Consecutive 525 nm and 825 nm Photobiomodulation. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2744789. [PMID: 36106176 PMCID: PMC9467736 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2744789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cells can be generated from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) through biological or chemical inducers. Research has shown that this process may be optimized by the introduction of laser irradiation in the form of photobiomodulation (PBM) to cells. This in vitro study is aimed at generating neuronal-like cells with inducers, chemical or biological, and at furthermore treating these transdifferentiating cells with consecutive PBM of a 525 nm green (G) laser and 825 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser light with a fluence of 10 J/cm2. Cells were exposed to induction type 1 (IT1): 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) (0.5 mM)+indomethacin (200 μM)+insulin (5 μg/ml) for 14 days, preinduced with β-mercaptoethanol (BME) (1 mM) for two days, and then incubated with IT2: β-hydroxyanisole (BHA) (100 μM)+retinoic acid (RA) (10-6 M)+epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/ml)+basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (10 ng/ml) for 14 days and preinduced with β-mercaptoethanol (BME) (1 mM) for two days and then incubated with indomethacin (200 μM)+RA (1 μM)+forskolin (10 μM) for 14 days. The results were evaluated through morphological observations, viability, proliferation, and migration studies, 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days post-PBM. The protein detection of an early neuronal marker, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and late, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The genetic expression was also explored through real-time PCR. Results indicated differentiation in all experimental groups; however, cells that were preinduced showed higher proliferation and a higher differentiation rate than the group that was not preinduced. Within the preinduced groups, results indicated that cells treated with IT2 and consecutive PBM upregulated differentiation the most morphologically and physiologically.
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3
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Heide F, Legare S, To V, Gupta M, Gabir H, Imhof T, Moya‐Torres A, McDougall M, Meier M, Koch M, Stetefeld J. Heparins mediate the multimer assembly of secreted Noggin. Protein Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pro.4419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Heide
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Scott Legare
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Vu To
- AbCellera Biologics Inc. Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Monika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Haben Gabir
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Thomas Imhof
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | | | - Matthew McDougall
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Markus Meier
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Jörg Stetefeld
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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4
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Zhang Z, Lu Y, Cao JY, Wang L, Li LK, Wang C, Ye X, Ji YM, Tu LY, Sun Y. Clinical observation and genetic analysis of a SYNS1 family caused by novel NOG gene mutation. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1933. [PMID: 35332702 PMCID: PMC9034678 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of a rare Chinese family with Multiple synostoses syndrome and identify the causative variant with the high‐throughput sequencing approach. Methods The medical history investigation, physical examination, imaging examination, and audiological examination of the family members were performed. DNA samples were extracted from the family members. The candidate variant was identified by performing whole‐exome sequencing of the proband, then verified by Sanger sequencing in the family. Results The family named HBSY‐018 from Hubei province had 18 subjects in three generations, and six subjects were diagnosed with conductive or mixed hearing loss. Meanwhile, characteristic features including short philtrum, hemicylindrical nose, and hypoplastic alae nasi were noticed among those patients. Symptoms of proximal interdigital joint adhesion and inflexibility were found. The family was diagnosed as Multiple synostoses syndrome type 1 (SYNS1).The inheritance pattern of this family was autosomal dominant. A novel mutation in the NOG gene c.533G>A was identified by performing whole‐exome sequencing of the proband. The substitution of cysteine encoding 178th position with tyrosine (p.Cys178Tyr) was caused by this mutation, which was conserved across species. Co‐segregation of disease phenotypes was demonstrated by the family verification. Conclusion The family diagnosed as SYNS1 was caused by the novel mutation (c.533G>A) of NOG. The combination of clinical diagnosis and molecular diagnosis had improved the understanding of this rare disease and provided a scientific basis for genetic counseling in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Institute of Rare Diseases, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Ke Li
- Institute of Rare Diseases, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Ming Ji
- College of Art and Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lin-Yi Tu
- Department of anorectal, Wuhan eighth hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
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5
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Gutiérrez-Prieto SJ, Torres-López DM, García-Robayo DA, Rey-Cubillos JA, Gómez-Rodríguez M. Clinical and Molecular Study of the NOG Gene in Families with Mandibular Micrognathism. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:746-754. [PMID: 34592770 PMCID: PMC8630938 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
Previous studies showed that noggin gene (
NOG
) sequence alterations, as well as epigenetic factors, could influence mandibular development. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical characteristics,
NOG
gene sequences, and promoter methylation sites in patients with mandibular micrognathism.
Materials and Methods
A total of 35 individuals of five Colombian families were subject to clinical and cephalometric analysis for mandibular micrognathism. One nonaffected individual of each family was included as a control. DNA was isolated from whole blood sample from all individuals by salting out method. Nine
NOG
gene fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Identification of CpG islands for methylation analysis at the
NOG
gene promoter was performed by MSP-PCR kit (Qiagen R).
Statistical Analysis
A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out evaluating the presence or absence of genetics variants and the methylation sites in the NOG gene.
ResultsNOG
sequence results of affected individuals with mandibular micrognathism for one of the families studied demonstrated that they were heterozygous for 672 C/A (new mutation). For a second family, individuals were heterozygous for 567 G/C (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] RS116716909). For DNA analyzed from all patients studied, no methylations were observed at the
NOG
gene promoter region.
Conclusion
Our results suggested that 672 C/A and 567 G/C variants could be involved in the presence of mandibular micrognathism. Moreover, lack of methylation sites at the
NOG
gene promoter region of all individuals studied suggests possibly other epigenetic factors could modulate mandibular growth. The search of genetic variants related with mandibular micrognathism will allow to predict in an integral way the development patterns of the patients and therefore establish a better clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J Gutiérrez-Prieto
- Department of Dental System, Department of Oral System, Center for Dental Research, School of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana M Torres-López
- Institute for Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dabeiba A García-Robayo
- Department of Dental System, Department of Oral System, Center for Dental Research, School of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge A Rey-Cubillos
- Postgraduate Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mariluz Gómez-Rodríguez
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, School of Engineering and Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia
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Durmaz CD, Altıner Ş, Taşdelen E, Karabulut HG, Ruhi HI. Extending Phenotypic Spectrum of 17q22 Microdeletion: Growth Hormone Deficiency. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2021; 40:486-492. [PMID: 31997693 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1710789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The 17q22 contiguous microdeletion syndrome is a recently described chromosomal disorder. Clinical features are heterogeneous because of variable deletion sizes. Clinical report: We present a child with delayed psychomotor development, dysmorphic features (prominent posterior rotated ears, upturned nose, thin upper lip, smooth philtrum, high palate), vesicoureteral reflux and growth hormone deficiency. 1.53 Mb loss at the 17q22 chromosome region in the proband was the responsible for the phenotype. Conclusion: In the few cases of interstitial 17q22 deletion in the literature, this is the first with growth hormone deficiency. This may contribute to the phenotypic spectrum of 17q22 microdeletion syndrome. As the reported cases increase, we believe that genotype-phenotype correlation will be better illuminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Damla Durmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şule Altıner
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Elifcan Taşdelen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Hatice Ilgın Ruhi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Carlson RJ, Quesnel A, Wells D, Brownstein Z, Gilony D, Gulsuner S, Leppig KA, Avraham KB, King MC, Walsh T, Rubinstein J. Genetic Heterogeneity and Core Clinical Features of NOG-Related-Symphalangism Spectrum Disorder. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42:e1143-e1151. [PMID: 34049328 PMCID: PMC8486042 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To better distinguish NOG-related-symphalangism spectrum disorder (NOG-SSD) from chromosomal 17q22 microdeletion syndromes and to inform surgical considerations in stapes surgery for patients with NOG-SSD. BACKGROUND Mutations in NOG cause a variety of skeletal syndromes that often include conductive hearing loss. Several microdeletions of chromosome 17q22 lead to severe syndromes with clinical characteristics that overlap NOG-SSD. Isolated deletion of NOG has not been described, and therefore the contribution of NOG deletion in these syndromes is unknown. METHODS Two families with autosomal dominant NOG-SSD exhibited stapes ankylosis, facial dysmorphisms, and skeletal and joint anomalies. In each family, NOG was evaluated by genomic sequencing and candidate mutations confirmed as damaging by in vitro assays. Temporal bone histology of a patient with NOG-SSD was compared with temporal bones of 40 patients diagnosed with otosclerosis. RESULTS Family 1 harbors a 555 kb chromosomal deletion encompassing only NOG and ANKFN1. Family 2 harbors a missense mutation in NOG leading to absence of noggin protein. The incus-footplate distance of the temporal bone was significantly longer in a patient with NOG-SSD than in patients with otosclerosis. CONCLUSION The chromosomal microdeletion of family 1 led to a phenotype comparable to that due to a NOG point mutation and much milder than the phenotypes due to other chromosome 17q22 microdeletions. Severe clinical findings in other microdeletion cases are likely due to deletion of genes other than NOG. Based on temporal bone findings, we recommend that surgeons obtain longer stapes prostheses before stapes surgery in individuals with NOG-SSD stapes ankylosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Carlson
- Departments of Genome Sciences and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alicia Quesnel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Otopathology Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dawson Wells
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Otopathology Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zippora Brownstein
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror Gilony
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Otolaryngology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Suleyman Gulsuner
- Departments of Genome Sciences and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kathleen A Leppig
- Genetic Services, Kaiser Permanente of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karen B Avraham
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mary-Claire King
- Departments of Genome Sciences and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tom Walsh
- Departments of Genome Sciences and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jay Rubinstein
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Chen J, Kong A, Shelton D, Dong H, Li J, Zhao F, Bai C, Huang K, Mo W, Chen S, Xu H, Tanguay RL, Dong Q. Early life stage transient aristolochic acid exposure induces behavioral hyperactivity but not nephrotoxicity in larval zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 238:105916. [PMID: 34303159 PMCID: PMC8881052 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AA) are nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids found in plants of the Aristolochiaceae family. Humans are exposed to AA by deliberately taking herbal medicines or unintentionally as a result of environmental contamination. AA is notorious for its nephrotoxicity, however, fewer studies explore potential neurotoxicity associated with AA exposure. The developing nervous system is vulnerable to xenobiotics, and pregnant women exposed to AA may put their fetuses at risk. In the present study, we used the embryonic zebrafish model to evaluate the developmental neurotoxicity associated with AA exposure. At non-teratogenic concentrations (≤ 4 µM), continuous AA exposure from 8 to 120 hours post fertilization (hpf) resulted in larval hyperactivity that was characterized by increased moving distance, elevated activity and faster swimming speeds in several behavioral assays. Further analysis revealed that 8-24 hpf is the most sensitive exposure window for AA-induced hyperactivity. AA exposures specifically increased motor neuron proliferation, increased apoptosis in the eye, and resulted in cellular oxidative stress. In addition, AA exposures increased larval eye size and perturbed the expression of vision genes. Our study, for the first time, demonstrates that AA is neurotoxic to the developmental zebrafish with a sensitive window distinct from its well-documented nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfei Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China..
| | - Aijun Kong
- Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Delia Shelton
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States
| | - Haojia Dong
- Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Jiani Li
- Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Chenglian Bai
- Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Kaiyu Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Wen Mo
- Zhejiang rehabilitation medical center, Hangzhou 310051, PR China
| | - Shan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Hui Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Robyn L Tanguay
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States
| | - Qiaoxiang Dong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China..
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9
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Ma C, Liu L, Wang FN, Tian HS, Luo Y, Yu R, Fan LL, Li YL. Identification of a novel mutation of NOG in family with proximal symphalangism and early genetic counseling. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:169. [PMID: 31694554 PMCID: PMC6836329 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal symphalangism is a rare disease with multiple phenotypes including reduced proximal interphalangeal joint space, symphalangism of the 4th and/or 5th finger, as well as hearing loss. At present, at least two types of proximal symphalangism have been identified in the clinic. One is proximal symphalangism-1A (SYM1A), which is caused by genetic variants in Noggin (NOG), another is proximal symphalangism-1B (SYM1B), which is resulted from Growth Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) mutations. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we reported a Chinese family with symphalangism of the 4th and/or 5th finger and moderate deafness. The proband was a 13-year-old girl with normal intelligence but symphalangism of the 4th finger in the left hand and moderate deafness. Hearing testing and inner ear CT scan suggested that the proband suffered from structural deafness. Family history investigation found that her father (II-3) and grandmother (I-2) also suffered from hearing loss and symphalangism. Target sequencing identified a novel heterozygous NOG mutation, c.690C > G/p.C230W, which was the genetic lesion of the affected family. Bioinformatics analysis and public databases filtering further confirmed the pathogenicity of the novel mutation. Furthermore, we assisted the family to deliver a baby girl who did not carry the mutation by genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis using amniotic fluid DNA sequencing. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified a novel NOG mutation (c.690C > G/p.C230W) by target sequencing and helped the family to deliver a baby who did not carry the mutation. Our study expanded the spectrum of NOG mutations and contributed to genetic diagnosis and counseling of families with SYM1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- Departments of Reproductive Genetics, HeBei General Hospital, ShiJiaZhuang, 050051, China
| | - Lv Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fang-Na Wang
- Departments of Reproductive Genetics, HeBei General Hospital, ShiJiaZhuang, 050051, China
| | - Hai-Shen Tian
- Departments of Reproductive Genetics, HeBei General Hospital, ShiJiaZhuang, 050051, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Departments of Reproductive Genetics, HeBei General Hospital, ShiJiaZhuang, 050051, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Liang-Liang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, The School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Ya-Li Li
- Departments of Reproductive Genetics, HeBei General Hospital, ShiJiaZhuang, 050051, China.
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10
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Shu Y, Wang L, Cheng X, Tangshewinsirikul C, Shi W, Yuan Y, Yan Z, Li H, Shen J, Chen B, Zou W. The p.(Pro170Leu) variant in NOG impairs noggin secretion and causes autosomal dominant congenital conductive hearing loss due to stapes ankylosis. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:445-449. [PMID: 31628072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaoting Cheng
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chayada Tangshewinsirikul
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weili Shi
- Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yasheng Yuan
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Human Phenome Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Brain Science, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School Center for Hereditary Deafness, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Bing Chen
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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11
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Sha Y, Ma D, Zhang N, Wei X, Liu W, Wang X. Novel NOG (p.P42S) mutation causes proximal symphalangism in a four-generation Chinese family. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:133. [PMID: 31370824 PMCID: PMC6670124 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Proximal symphalangism (SYM1; OMIM 185800), also called Cushing’s symphalangism, is an infrequent autosomal dominant disease. An SYM1 patient typically features variable fusion of proximal interphalangeal joints in the hands and feet. Methods We recruited a four-generation Chinese non-consanguineous family with SYM1. We examined their hands and feet using X-rays to confirm fusion of proximal interphalangeal joints. We evaluated their audiology using standard audiometric procedures and equipment. Then, we identified genetic variants using whole exome sequencing and validated mutations using Sanger sequencing. Mutation pathogenicity was analyzed with bioinformatics. Results Radiographs revealed proximal-joint fusion of fingers and toes in the patients. Two elderly individuals (II:1 and II:4) exhibited slight hearing loss. Additionally, we detected a novel heterozygous missense mutation in exon 1 of NOG (NM_005450) c.124C > T, p.(Pro42Ser) in all patients. This c.124C > T mutation is highly conserved across multiple species and the p.(Pro42Ser) variation is potentially highly pathogenic. Conclusion Our results suggest that heterozygous c.124C > T, p.(Pro42Ser) in NOG is a novel mutation that causes human SYM1 phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-019-0864-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Sha
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Xiong Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
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Mikkola LI, Holopainen S, Lappalainen AK, Pessa-Morikawa T, Augustine TJP, Arumilli M, Hytönen MK, Hakosalo O, Lohi H, Iivanainen A. Novel protective and risk loci in hip dysplasia in German Shepherds. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008197. [PMID: 31323019 PMCID: PMC6668854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine hip dysplasia is a common, non-congenital, complex and hereditary disorder. It can inflict severe pain via secondary osteoarthritis and lead to euthanasia. An analogous disorder exists in humans. The genetic background of hip dysplasia in both species has remained ambiguous despite rigorous studies. We aimed to investigate the genetic causes of this disorder in one of the high-risk breeds, the German Shepherd. We performed genetic analyses with carefully phenotyped case-control cohorts comprising 525 German Shepherds. In our genome-wide association studies we identified four suggestive loci on chromosomes 1 and 9. Targeted resequencing of the two loci on chromosome 9 from 24 affected and 24 control German Shepherds revealed deletions of variable sizes in a putative enhancer element of the NOG gene. NOG encodes for noggin, a well-described bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor affecting multiple developmental processes, including joint development. The deletion was associated with the healthy controls and mildly dysplastic dogs suggesting a protective role against canine hip dysplasia. Two enhancer variants displayed a decreased activity in a dual luciferase reporter assay. Our study identifies novel loci and candidate genes for canine hip dysplasia, with potential regulatory variants in the NOG gene. Further research is warranted to elucidate how the identified variants affect the expression of noggin in canine hips, and what the potential effects of the other identified loci are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea I. Mikkola
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saila Holopainen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu K. Lappalainen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Meharji Arumilli
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo K. Hytönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Osmo Hakosalo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Iivanainen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Xiong J, Tu W, Yan Y, Xiao K, Yao Y, Li S, Yang L, Zhou M, Liu Y, Hu J, Zhu F. Identification of a Novel NOG Missense Mutation in a Chinese Family With Symphalangism and Tarsal Coalitions. Front Genet 2019; 10:353. [PMID: 31105738 PMCID: PMC6499182 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proximal symphalangism (SYM1) is a rare genetic bone disorder characterized by the fusion of proximal interphalangeal joints in the hands and feet. Genetic studies have identified two genes underlying SYM1 as the noggin (NOG) and the growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5). Case Report In the present report, a 43-year-old gravida at 11 weeks of gestation was referred for evaluation of abnormal fusions of the joints. In the initial diagnosis, physical examination was undertaken. However, traditional radiological examination was not applied due to the need to protect the fetus, making diagnosis results inefficient to determine the exact disease affecting the proband. To acquire alternative clinical evidences, we conducted radiological examinations on two other affected family members. The radiological examination revealed that they carried the symphalangism accompanied with tarsal coalition, a very rare manifestation of SYM1. A combination of whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.163G > T; p.Asp55Tyr) in the NOG gene, which could be associated with the observed pathogenic SYM1 in the studied family. The p.Asp55Tyr mutation co-segregated with SYM1 through the affected and unaffected family members. In silico structural modeling of the p.Asp55Tyr mutation showed that it abolishes the interaction with the Arg167 residue and causes a change in the electrostatic potential profile of the type II binding site of the noggin protein. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the genetic test based on WES can be useful in diagnosing SYM1 patients, with particular advantages in preventing the fetus from contacting harmful X-ray through the traditional radiography. The novel pathogenic mutation identified would further expand our understanding of the mutation spectrum of NOG in association with SYM1 disease and provide a guidance on how to determine whether the fetus is affected by SYM1 through the prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Yan
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Wuhan Puai Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyi Yao
- Medical Genetic Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouxin Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Aegicare (Shenzhen) Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Anastasilakis AD, Polyzos SA, Makras P, Rauner M, Sonnleitner L, Hawa G, Tsourdi E, Yavropoulou MP, Missbichler A, Terpos E. Circulating noggin levels following treatment with denosumab or teriparatide in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2019; 19:253-257. [PMID: 31475931 PMCID: PMC6737552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Noggin inactivates bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), possibly exerting negative effects on the skeleton.We aimed to compare the effect of agents with opposite impact on bone turnover on noggin circulating levels. METHODS In this observational, open label, non-randomized clinical study postmenopausal women with low bone mass were treated with either denosumab (n=30) or teriparatide (n=30). Serum samples were obtained at baseline, three and twelve months after treatment initiation. Prevalent fractures were recorded at baseline and lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD) was measured at baseline and twelve months. Measured parameters included noggin, BMP-2, BMP-4, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTx). RESULTS Noggin levels remained unchanged after either denosumab or teriparatide treatment. Baseline noggin levels were not different between women with vs. without previous anti-osteoporotic treatment, or between those with vs. without vertebral or non-vertebral fractures and were not correlated with age or LS BMD. At twelve months, noggin levels were positively correlated with P1NP within the denosumab (rs= 0.47; p=0.014), whereas negatively within the teriparatide group (rs= -0.43; p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS In postmenopausal women with low bone mass noggin levels were not correlated with bone parameters at any time point, except with P1NP at 12 months, and remained stable with both denosumab and teriparatide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios D. Anastasilakis
- Department of Endocrinology, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece,Corresponding author: Dr. Athanasios D. Anastasilakis, Ring Road, 564 29 N.Efkarpia, Thessaloniki, Greece E-mail:
| | - Stergios A. Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polyzois Makras
- Department of Medical Research and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 251 Hellenic Air Force & VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Elena Tsourdi
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria P. Yavropoulou
- 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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15
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Al-Khafaji KHA, Al-Dujaili MN, Al-Dujaili ANG. Assessment of noggin level in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/cipms-2018-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Noggin (NOG) is a protein that is involved in the development of many body tissues, including nerve tissue, muscles, and bones. The NOG protein plays a role in germ layer-specific derivation of specialized cells. Via NOG, the formation of neural tissues, the notochord, hair follicles, and eye structures arise from the ectoderm germ layer, while noggin activity in the mesoderm gives way to the formation of cartilage, bone and muscle growth. In the endoderm, NOG is involved in the development of the lungs.
NOG dimerizes by a core body, while two pairs of strands extend from it preceding by an N-terminal segment (called a clip segment) with approximately 20 amino acids. This clip twists around the BMP ligand and obstructs the growth factor surfaces from binding to both BMP receptors type I and type II. NOG binding to some BMPs inhibits these from combining and thus activating receptors of BMP, therefore, blocking non-Smad and Smad-dependent signaling.
The anti-proliferative noggin has particular effects in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) that are exposed to specifically down regulated hypoxia. This occurs together with the BMP4 up-regulation levels of protein, and this imbalance between NOG and BMP4 consequence results in the activation and development of PAH disease. Our study consists of numerous examinations so as to explore new biomarkers in order to determine onset of PAH, and to discover the relationship between NOG serum level and gender, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC), smoking, types of PAH primaries and secondaries, as well as their grade.
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16
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Jaslove JM, Nelson CM. Smooth muscle: a stiff sculptor of epithelial shapes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170318. [PMID: 30249770 PMCID: PMC6158200 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle is increasingly recognized as a key mechanical sculptor of epithelia during embryonic development. Smooth muscle is a mesenchymal tissue that surrounds the epithelia of organs including the gut, blood vessels, lungs, bladder, ureter, uterus, oviduct and epididymis. Smooth muscle is stiffer than its adjacent epithelium and often serves its morphogenetic function by physically constraining the growth of a proliferating epithelial layer. This constraint leads to mechanical instabilities and epithelial morphogenesis through buckling. Smooth muscle stiffness alone, without smooth muscle cell shortening, seems to be sufficient to drive epithelial morphogenesis. Fully understanding the development of organs that use smooth muscle stiffness as a driver of morphogenesis requires investigating how smooth muscle develops, a key aspect of which is distinguishing smooth muscle-like tissues from one another in vivo and in culture. This necessitates a comprehensive appreciation of the genetic, anatomical and functional markers that are used to distinguish the different subtypes of smooth muscle (for example, vascular versus visceral) from similar cell types (including myofibroblasts and myoepithelial cells). Here, we review how smooth muscle acts as a mechanical driver of morphogenesis and discuss ways of identifying smooth muscle, which is critical for understanding these morphogenetic events.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Mechanics of Development'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Jaslove
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 303 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 303 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, 303 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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17
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Chang CN, Kioussi C. Location, Location, Location: Signals in Muscle Specification. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:E11. [PMID: 29783715 PMCID: PMC6027348 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscles control body movement and locomotion, posture and body position and soft tissue support. Mesoderm derived cells gives rise to 700 unique muscles in humans as a result of well-orchestrated signaling and transcriptional networks in specific time and space. Although the anatomical structure of skeletal muscles is similar, their functions and locations are specialized. This is the result of specific signaling as the embryo grows and cells migrate to form different structures and organs. As cells progress to their next state, they suppress current sequence specific transcription factors (SSTF) and construct new networks to establish new myogenic features. In this review, we provide an overview of signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks during formation of the craniofacial, cardiac, vascular, trunk, and limb skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ning Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- Molecular Cell Biology Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Chrissa Kioussi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- Molecular Cell Biology Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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18
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Khan S, Mudassir M, Khan N, Marwat A. Brachdactyly Instigated as a Result of Mutation in GDF5 and NOG Genes in Pakistani Population. Pak J Med Sci 2018; 34:82-87. [PMID: 29643884 PMCID: PMC5857035 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.341.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Brachdactyly a genetic disorder associated with the abnormal development of metacarpals, phalanges or both which results in the shortening of hands and feet. Mutations in the contributing genes has been recognized with the majority of the investigated syndromic form of brachdactyly. The current study was proposed to examine mutation in NOG and GDF5 genes in a Pakistani family. Methods Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis and Polymerase Chain Reaction was used for the genomic screening and linkage analysis to observe the mutation in genes. The samples were collected from Luckki Marwat district, KPK, while the research study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Results After survey, family was identified with brachdactyly type A2 and investigated a heterozygous arginine to glutamine exchange in the growth demarcation factor 5 in all the victim persons. Different types of skeletal dysplasia resulted due to mutation in the GDF5 genes. Novel GDF5 genes mutations were reported with distinct limb malformation and sequencing of coding region revealed that the mildly affected individuals were heterozygous while the harshly affected individuals were homozygous. Conclusion The current study reported the genetic variability and concluded that the Brachdacytyly type A2 and type B2 resulted due to mutation in GDF5 and NOG genes respectively. A new subtype of brachydactyly (BDB2) was instigated as a result of novel mutations in NOG. The mutation has been reported for the first time in Pakistani population and especially in Pushtoon ethnic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiullah Khan
- Dr. Samiullah Khan, Ph.D. Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mudassir
- Mr. Muhammad Mudassir, M. Phil (Scholar). Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Naqab Khan
- Mr. Naqab Khan, Ph. D (Scholar). Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Asmatullah Marwat
- Dr. Asmatullah Marwat, Ph.D. Chairman Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
Organoids have extensive applications in many fields ranging from modelling human development and disease, personalised medicine, drug screening, etc. Moreover, in the last few years, several studies have evaluated the capacity of organoids as transplantation sources for therapeutic approaches and regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, depending on the origin of the cells and anatomical complications, an organoid transplant may make tissue regeneration difficult. However, some essential aspects of organoids including the morphological alterations and the growth pattern of the matched tumour and their healthy derived organoids have received less attention. Therefore, the current work focused on culturing matched healthy and tumour organoids from the same patient with colorectal cancer (CRC) and assessed their timed growth and structural differences on a daily basis. The healthy organoids underwent proliferation and branching morphogenesis, while the tumour organoids did not follow the same pattern, and the majority of them developed cystic structures instead. However, the number and size of tumour organoids were different from one patient to another. The differential morphological changes of the healthy versus human colonic tumour organoids likely linked to distinct molecular and cellular events during each day. Thus, while their specific structural features provide valuable in vitro models to study various aspects of human intestinal/colon tissue homeostasis and CRC which avoid or replace the use of animals in research, this model may also hold a great promise for the transplantation and regenerative medicine applications.
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20
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Das Bhowmik A, Salem Ramakumaran V, Dalal A. Tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome: Report of a novel missense mutation in NOG gene and phenotypic delineation. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:219-224. [PMID: 29159868 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report a family of Indian origin presenting with Tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome (TCC), which is a rare genetic disorder of skeletal abnormalities, inherited in autosomal dominant manner. In this family, three individuals (mother and two children) were found to be similarly affected with slight intrafamilial individual variability in the phenotype. Sanger sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous missense mutation in NOG gene (NM_005450.4:c.611G>A) in all the affected individuals of the family. Until now only six mutations have been reported in different families affected with TCC syndrome worldwide. This report further delineates the phenotypic spectrum of this rare disorder with the addition of a new variant to the mutation spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneek Das Bhowmik
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Ashwin Dalal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
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21
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MacFarlane EG, Haupt J, Dietz HC, Shore EM. TGF-β Family Signaling in Connective Tissue and Skeletal Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a022269. [PMID: 28246187 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of signaling molecules, which includes TGF-βs, activins, inhibins, and numerous bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), has important functions in all cells and tissues, including soft connective tissues and the skeleton. Specific TGF-β family members play different roles in these tissues, and their activities are often balanced with those of other TGF-β family members and by interactions with other signaling pathways. Perturbations in TGF-β family pathways are associated with numerous human diseases with prominent involvement of the skeletal and cardiovascular systems. This review focuses on the role of this family of signaling molecules in the pathologies of connective tissues that manifest in rare genetic syndromes (e.g., syndromic presentations of thoracic aortic aneurysm), as well as in more common disorders (e.g., osteoarthritis and osteoporosis). Many of these diseases are caused by or result in pathological alterations of the complex relationship between the TGF-β family of signaling mediators and the extracellular matrix in connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gallo MacFarlane
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Julia Haupt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.,Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Harry C Dietz
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21205
| | - Eileen M Shore
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.,Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Leonidou A, Irving M, Holden S, Katchburian M. Recurrent missense mutation of GDF5 ( p.R438L) causes proximal symphalangism in a British family. World J Orthop 2016; 7:839-842. [PMID: 28032038 PMCID: PMC5155261 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v7.i12.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proximal symphalangism (SYM1B) (OMIM 615298) is an autosomal dominant developmental disorder affecting joint fusion. It is characterized by variable fusions of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the hands, typically of the ring and little finger, with the thumb typically being spared. SYM1 is frequently associated with coalition of tarsal bones and conductive hearing loss. Molecular studies have identified two possible genetic aetiologies for this syndrome, NOG and GDF5. We herein present a British caucasian family with SYM1B caused by a mutation of the GDF5 gene. A mother and her three children presented to the orthopaedic outpatient department predominantly for feet related problems. All patients had multiple tarsal coalitions and hand involvement in the form of either brachydactyly or symphalangism of the proximal and middle phalanx of the little fingers. Genetic testing in the eldest child and his mother identified a heterozygous missense mutation in GDF5 c.1313G>T (p.R438L), thereby establishing SYM1B as the cause of the orthopaedic problems in this family. There were no mutations identified in the NOG gene. This report highlights the importance of thorough history taking, including a three generation family history, and detailed clinical examination of children with fixed planovalgus feet and other family members to detect rare skeletal dysplasia conditions causing pain and deformity, and provides details of the spectrum of problems associated with SYM1B.
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Sharma S, Xing F, Liu Y, Wu K, Said N, Pochampally R, Shiozawa Y, Lin HK, Balaji KC, Watabe K. Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) Mediates Metastatic Dormancy of Prostate Cancer in Bone. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19351-63. [PMID: 27422817 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.737379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is known to frequently recur in bone; however, how dormant cells switch its phenotype leading to recurrent tumor remains poorly understood. We have isolated two syngeneic cell lines (indolent and aggressive) through in vivo selection by implanting PC3mm stem-like cells into tibial bones. We found that indolent cells retained the dormant phenotype, whereas aggressive cells grew rapidly in bone in vivo, and the growth rates of both cells in culture were similar, suggesting a role of the tumor microenvironment in the regulation of dormancy and recurrence. Indolent cells were found to secrete a high level of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which significantly stimulated the expression of BMP7 in bone marrow stromal cells. The secreted BMP7 then kept cancer cells in a dormant state by inducing senescence, reducing "stemness," and activating dormancy-associated p38 MAPK signaling and p21 expression in cancer cells. Importantly, we found that SPARC was epigenetically silenced in aggressive cells by promoter methylation, but 5-azacytidine treatment reactivated the expression. Furthermore, high SPARC promoter methylation negatively correlated with disease-free survival of prostate cancer patients. We also found that the COX2 inhibitor NS398 down-regulated DNMTs and increased expression of SPARC, which led to tumor growth suppression in bone in vivo These findings suggest that SPARC plays a key role in maintaining the dormancy of prostate cancer cells in the bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fei Xing
- From the Departments of Cancer Biology
| | - Yin Liu
- From the Departments of Cancer Biology
| | - Kerui Wu
- From the Departments of Cancer Biology
| | | | - Radhika Pochampally
- the Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | | | | | - K C Balaji
- Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and
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Eroshkin FM, Fedina NV, Martynova NY, Bayramov AV, Zaraisky AG. [The Point Mutation in NOGGIN2 Protein That Enhances Its Ability to Bind Activin]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016; 41:749-51. [PMID: 27125031 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015060059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Earlier we have revealed the ability of Noggin family proteins to bind a member of the TUF-β superfamily, ActivinB, and to repress the Activin-dependent Smad2 signaling cascade. In the present work we have characterized a mutant of the Xenopus laevis Noggin2, bearing the substitution W203R. We have shown that this point mutation enhances the affinity of Noggin2 to ActivinB, while weakens its affinity to BMP. Consistently, we have shown that W203 R mutant inhibits Smad2 signaling cascade more efficiently than the wild-type Noggin2. Interestingly, the mutation of human Noggin in the homologous position is associated with hereditary anomalies. The revealed effects of W203R substitution in Noggin2 demonstrate promising potential of such mutagenesis for generation of Noggin variants with enhanced affinity to different members of the TGF-β superfamily.
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Bayat A, Fijalkowski I, Andersen T, Abdulmunem SA, van den Ende J, Van Hul W. Further delineation of facioaudiosymphalangism syndrome: Description of a family with a novel NOG mutation and without hearing loss. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:1479-84. [PMID: 26994744 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the NOG gene give rise to a wide range of clinical phenotypes. Noggin, the protein encoded by this gene is a secreted modulator of multiple pathways involved in both bone and joint development. Proximal symphalangism is commonly observed in patients bearing mutations in this gene, however secondary symptomes are often found including typical facies with hemicylindrical nose with bulbous tip, hyperopia, reduced mobility of multiple joints, hearing loss due to stapes fixation, and recurrent pain from affected joints. With large variation of the phenotype both within and between affected families careful delineation of the genotype-phenotype correlation is needed. In this work we describe a Danish family suffering from SYNS1 due to a novel NOG gene mutation (C230Y). We provide detailed clinical description of the family members presenting rare phenotype of the shoulders shared by affected individuals but no hearing loss, further adding to the phenotypic variability of the syndrome. With these findings we broaden the understanding of NOG-related-symphalangism spectrum disorder. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Bayat
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Igor Fijalkowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tobias Andersen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | | | - Jenneke van den Ende
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Carthy JM, Engström U, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. Commercially Available Preparations of Recombinant Wnt3a Contain Non-Wnt Related Activities Which May Activate TGF-β Signaling. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:938-45. [PMID: 26369756 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt ligands are a family of secreted signaling proteins which play key roles in a number of cellular processes under physiological and pathological conditions. Wnts bind to their membrane receptors and initiate a signaling cascade which leads to the nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of β-catenin. The development of purified recombinant Wnt ligands has greatly aided in our understanding of Wnt signaling and its functions in development and disease. In the current study, we identified non-Wnt related signaling activities which were present in commercially available preparations of recombinant Wnt3a. Specifically, we found that treatment of cultured fibroblasts with recombinant Wnt3a induced immediate activation of TGF-β and BMP signaling and this activity appeared to be independent of the Wnt ligand itself. Therefore, while purified recombinant Wnt ligands continue to be a useful tool for studying this signaling pathway, one must exercise a degree of caution when analyzing the results of experiments that utilize purified recombinant Wnt ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Carthy
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595 Biomedical Center, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulla Engström
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595 Biomedical Center, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595 Biomedical Center, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595 Biomedical Center, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582 Biomedical Center, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ishino T, Takeno S, Hirakawa K. Novel NOG mutation in Japanese patients with stapes ankylosis with broad thumbs and toes. Eur J Med Genet 2015. [PMID: 26211601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human noggin (NOG) gene mutation causes multiple bony disorders showing up as stapes ankylosis with broad thumbs and toes (SABTT), proximal symphalangism (SYM1), multiple synostoses syndrome 1 (SYNS1), tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome (TCC) and brachydactyly type B2 (BDB2). These phenotypes are defined as NOG-related syndromes with the same mutation. Some of these syndromes feature stapes ankylosis as one of the several bony symptoms. Here, we report a Japanese family with conductive hearing loss due to congenital stapes ankylosis. This family showed multiple features and was diagnosed with SABTT. We performed analysis of the NOG in the family by direct sequence analysis, and found a novel NOG mutation: c.682 T> G (p.C228G). Our results and a review of previous cases with NOG protein conformation suggest that this mutated NOG protein lead to a change in antagonist activity in BMPs and/or a haploinsufficiency that likely impaired finger 2 structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Sachio Takeno
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hirakawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Kim BJ, Lee YA, Kim KJ, Kim YH, Jung MS, Ha SJ, Kang HG, Jung SE, Kim BG, Choi YR, Do JT, Ryu BY. Effects of paracrine factors on CD24 expression and neural differentiation of male germline stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:255-62. [PMID: 25976705 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are adult male germ cells that develop after birth. Throughout the lifetime of an organism, SSCs sustain spermatogenesis through self-renewal and produce daughter cells that differentiate into spermatozoa. Several studies have demonstrated that SSCs can acquire pluripotency under appropriate culture conditions, thus becoming multipotent germline stem cells (mGSCs) that express markers of pluripotency in culture and form teratomas following transplantation into immunodeficient mice. In the present study, we generated neural precursor cells expressing CD24, a neural precursor marker, from pluripotent stem cell lines and demonstrated that these cells effectively differentiated along a neural lineage in vitro. In addition, we found that paracrine factors promoted CD24 expression during the neural differentiation of mGSCs. Our results indicated that the expression of CD24, enhanced by a combination of retinoic acid (RA), noggin and fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) under serum-free conditions promoted neural precursor differentiation. Using a simple cell sorting method, we were able to collect neural precursor cells with the potential to differentiate from mGSCs into mature neurons and astrocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Jin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-An Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jung Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Seon Jung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Ha
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Gu Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Jung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gak Kim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yu-Ri Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Buom-Yong Ryu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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Pang X, Wang Z, Chai Y, Chen H, Li L, Sun L, Jia H, Wu H, Yang T. A Novel Missense Mutation of NOG Interferes With the Dimerization of NOG and Causes Proximal Symphalangism Syndrome in a Chinese Family. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2015; 124:745-51. [PMID: 25888563 DOI: 10.1177/0003489415582257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES NOG is an antagonist to bone morphogenetic proteins and plays an important role in proper bone and joint development. Dominant mutations in NOG may lead to a series of symphalangism spectrum disorders. In this study, we aimed to identify the genetic cause and the pathogenic mechanism of an autosomal dominant disorder with cosegregating proximal symphalangism and conductive hearing impairment in a Chinese family. METHODS Mutation screening of NOG was performed in the affected family members by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and direct sequencing. Western blotting analysis of NOG was performed in the leukocyte samples of the family members. RESULTS A novel p.W150C heterozygous mutation in NOG was identified cosegregating with the proximal symphalangism disorder in the family. Western blotting analysis showed that the p.W150C mutation interferes with the dimerization of the mutant NOG. CONCLUSIONS Our results agreed with previously published results of in vitro studies and suggested that impaired dimerization of mutant NOG is an important pathogenic mechanism for the NOG-related symphalangism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Pang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yangzhou University Medical College, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhaoyan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongchuan Chai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongsai Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhua Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Jia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Masuda S, Namba K, Mutai H, Usui S, Miyanaga Y, Kaneko H, Matsunaga T. A mutation in the heparin-binding site of noggin as a novel mechanism of proximal symphalangism and conductive hearing loss. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:496-502. [PMID: 24735539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The access of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to the BMP receptors on the cell surface is regulated by its antagonist noggin, which binds to heparan-sulfate proteoglycans on the cell surface. Noggin is encoded by NOG and mutations in the gene are associated with aberrant skeletal formation, such as in the autosomal dominant disorders proximal symphalangism (SYM1), multiple synostoses syndrome, Teunissen-Cremers syndrome, and tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome. NOG mutations affecting a specific function may produce a distinct phenotype. In this study, we investigated a Japanese pedigree with SYM1 and conductive hearing loss and found that it carried a novel heterozygous missense mutation of NOG (c.406C>T; p.R136C) affecting the heparin-binding site of noggin. As no mutations of the heparin-binding site of noggin have previously been reported, we investigated the crystal structure of wild-type noggin to investigate molecular mechanism of the p.R136C mutation. We found that the positively charged arginine at position 136 was predicted to be important for binding to the negatively charged heparan-sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). An in silico docking analysis showed that one of the salt bridges between noggin and heparin disappeared following the replacement of the arginine with a non-charged cysteine. We propose that the decreased binding affinity of NOG with the p.R136C mutation to HSPG leads to an excess of BMP signaling and underlies the SYM1 and conductive hearing loss phenotype of carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Masuda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute for Clinical Research, National Mie Hospital, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Kazunori Namba
- Laboratory of Auditory Disorders, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Mutai
- Laboratory of Auditory Disorders, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Usui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute for Clinical Research, National Mie Hospital, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuko Miyanaga
- Laboratory of Auditory Disorders, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Integrated Sciences in Physics and Biology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Auditory Disorders, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
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Heinonen AM, Rahman M, Dogbevia G, Jakobi H, Wölfl S, Sprengel R, Schwaninger M. Neuroprotection by rAAV-mediated gene transfer of bone morphogenic protein 7. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:38. [PMID: 24618040 PMCID: PMC3975265 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) promote the survival of neurons, suggesting a therapeutic application of BMPs in the treatment of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. However, the application of recombinant BMPs in vivo is limited by their short half-life. To provide a continuous supply for functionally active BMPs, we expressed BMP7, BMP2 and the BMP inhibitor Noggin under the control of rAAV vectors in vivo. For visual control of rAAV-mediated BMP (v-BMP) expression we fused the secreted morphogenic polypeptides and the fluorescent reporter protein Venus via the ‘ribosomal skip’ promoting 2A peptide-bridge. Results In primary cortical neurons, the rAAV-expressed morphogenic polypeptides were efficiently released from the 2A-Venus fusion precursors, were secreted, correctly processed and functionally active as shown by their effects on Smad phosphorylation in HeLa cells and in primary neurons, by the protection of v-BMP7-transduced primary cortical neurons against oxidative stress, and by the activation of BMP responsive GFP in v-BMP2 transduced reporter mice. In the stroke model of middle cerebral artery occlusion rAAV-transduced v-BMP7 reduced the infarct size in mice. Conclusion Polycistronic rAAV vectors encoding secreted polypeptides and 2A-linked reporter proteins are potential novel therapeutic tools for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Using this technique we documented that rAAV delivery of BMP7 reduced ischemic cell death in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rolf Sprengel
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany.
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Lorda-Diez CI, Montero JA, Rodriguez-Leon J, Garcia-Porrero JA, Hurle JM. Expression and functional study of extracellular BMP antagonists during the morphogenesis of the digits and their associated connective tissues. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60423. [PMID: 23573253 PMCID: PMC3616094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to gain insight into the role of BMP signaling in the diversification of the embryonic limb mesodermal progenitors destined to form cartilage, joints, and tendons. Given the importance of extracellular BMP modulators in in vivo systems, we performed a systematic search of those expressed in the developing autopod during the formation of the digits. Here, we monitored the expression of extracellular BMP modulators including: Noggin, Chordin, Chordin-like 1, Chordin-like 2, Twisted gastrulation, Dan, BMPER, Sost, Sostdc1, Follistatin, Follistatin-like 1, Follistatin-like 5 and Tolloid. These factors show differential expression domains in cartilage, joints and tendons. Furthermore, they are induced in specific temporal patterns during the formation of an ectopic extra digit, preceding the appearance of changes that are identifiable by conventional histology. The analysis of gene regulation, cell proliferation and cell death that are induced by these factors in high density cultures of digit progenitors provides evidence of functional specialization in the control of mesodermal differentiation but not in cell proliferation or apoptosis. We further show that the expression of these factors is differentially controlled by the distinct signaling pathways acting in the developing limb at the stages covered by this study. In addition, our results provide evidence suggesting that TWISTED GASTRULATION cooperates with CHORDINS, BMPER, and NOGGIN in the establishment of tendons or cartilage in a fashion that is dependent on the presence or absence of TOLLOID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos I. Lorda-Diez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IFIMAV, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan A. Montero
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IFIMAV, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Juan A. Garcia-Porrero
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IFIMAV, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan M. Hurle
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IFIMAV, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in acute pancreatitis (AP) by administration of noggin, an endogenous BMP antagonist, in a cerulein-induced AP model. METHODS Acute pancreatitis was induced by 9 hourly intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (50 μg/kg). Control mice received phosphate-buffered saline injections. In a separate group, noggin (0.5 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally at 1 hour before and 2, 4, and 6 hours after AP induction. The mice were euthanized at 1 hour after completion of AP induction. The blood samples and the pancreas were harvested for analysis. Isolated pancreatic acini from normal mice and AR42J cells were treated with BMP2 and cerulein. AR42J cells were also treated with noggin. Phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 was measured. RESULTS Bone morphogenetic protein signaling was up-regulated in AP mouse pancreas. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 and cerulein-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 in the acinar cells in vitro, which was blocked by noggin. Noggin administration in vivo attenuated AP induction, decreased vacuole formation in acinar cells, blocked LC3-II levels, and partially restored Beclin-1 and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 levels. CONCLUSIONS Bone morphogenetic protein signaling seems to promote AP induction and autophagy, as suggested by our study showing that noggin ameliorates AP and partially restores autophagic homeostasis.
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Ishii Y, Takizawa T, Iwasaki H, Fujita Y, Murakami M, Groppe JC, Tanaka K. Nucleotide polymorphisms in the canine Noggin gene and their distribution among dog (Canis lupus familiaris) breeds. Biochem Genet 2011; 50:12-8. [PMID: 21882044 PMCID: PMC3258390 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-011-9453-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Noggin (NOG) is an important regulator for the signaling of bone morphogenetic proteins. In this study, we sequenced the complete coding sequence of the canine NOG gene and characterized the nucleotide polymorphisms. The sequence length varied from 717 to 729 bp, depending on the number of a 6-bp tandem repeat unit (GGCGCG), an insertion that has not been observed in other mammalian NOG genes investigated to date. It results in extensions of (Gly–Ala)3–5 in the putative NOG protein. To survey the distribution of these tandem repeat polymorphisms, we analyzed 126 individuals in seven dog breeds. We identified only three alleles: (GGCGCG)3, (GGCGCG)4, and (GGCGCG)5. Although the allele frequencies were remarkably different among the breeds, the three alleles were present in all seven of the breeds and did not show any deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ishii
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
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Potti TA, Petty EM, Lesperance MM. A comprehensive review of reported heritable noggin-associated syndromes and proposed clinical utility of one broadly inclusive diagnostic term: NOG-related-symphalangism spectrum disorder (NOG-SSD). Hum Mutat 2011; 32:877-86. [PMID: 21538686 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The NOG gene encodes noggin, a secreted polypeptide that is important for regulating multiple signaling pathways during human development, particularly in cartilage and bone. The hallmark of NOG-related syndromes is proximal symphalangism, defined by abnormal fusion of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the hands and feet. Many additional features secondary to NOG mutations are commonly but inconsistently observed, including a characteristic facies with a hemicylindrical nose, congenital conductive hearing loss due to stapes fixation, and hyperopia. The variable clinical presentations led to the designation of five different autosomal dominant syndromes, all subsequently found to have resulted from NOG mutations. These include (1) proximal symphalangism; (2) multiple synostoses syndrome 1; (3) stapes ankylosis with broad thumbs and toes; (4) tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome; and (5) brachydactyly type B2. Herein, we review the phenotypic features associated with mutations in the NOG gene, demonstrating the overlapping characteristics of these syndromes. Due to the variable phenotypic spectrum within families and among families with the same mutation, we propose a unifying term, NOG-related symphalangism spectrum disorder (NOG-SSD), to aid in the clinical recognition and evaluation of all affected individuals with these phenotypes. These NOG gene variants are available in a new locus-specific database (https://NOG.lovd.nl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy A Potti
- Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Efficient targeted gene disruption in the soma and germ line of the frog Xenopus tropicalis using engineered zinc-finger nucleases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:7052-7. [PMID: 21471457 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1102030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The frog Xenopus, an important research organism in cell and developmental biology, currently lacks tools for targeted mutagenesis. Here, we address this problem by genome editing with zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs). ZFNs directed against an eGFP transgene in Xenopus tropicalis induced mutations consistent with nonhomologous end joining at the target site, resulting in mosaic loss of the fluorescence phenotype at high frequencies. ZFNs directed against the noggin gene produced tadpoles and adult animals carrying up to 47% disrupted alleles, and founder animals yielded progeny carrying insertions and deletions in the noggin gene with no indication of off-target effects. Furthermore, functional tests demonstrated an allelic series of activity between three germ-line mutant alleles. Because ZFNs can be designed against any locus, our data provide a generally applicable protocol for gene disruption in Xenopus.
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Bone morphogenetic proteins: a critical review. Cell Signal 2010; 23:609-20. [PMID: 20959140 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are potent growth factors belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor Beta superfamily. To date over 20 members have been identified in humans with varying functions during processes such as embryogenesis, skeletal formation, hematopoiesis and neurogenesis. Though their functions have been identified, less is known regarding levels of regulation at the extracellular matrix, membrane surface, and receptor activation. Further, current models of activation lack the integration of these regulatory mechanisms. This review focuses on the different levels of regulation, ranging from the release of BMPs into the extracellular components to receptor activation for different BMPs. It also highlights areas in research that is lacking or contradictory.
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Abstract
Pediatricians deal with cases with the congenital malformations and malformation syndromes interest many of them. A lot of information about genes involved in development is available now. Genetics of hand development and genes involved in polydactyly syndromes is discussed in this article as a prototype to know about genetics of malformations: how it is studied and what is known. Genetic and chromosomal defects are often associated with congenital malformations. Polydactyly is one of the commonly seen malformations and genetic defects of many malformation syndromes associated with polydactyly are known. The role of genetic defect in polydactyly syndromes and the correlation between genotypes and phenotypes is discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha R Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
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Extracellular BMP-antagonist regulation in development and disease: tied up in knots. Trends Cell Biol 2010; 20:244-56. [PMID: 20188563 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Developmental processes are regulated by the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of secreted molecules. BMPs bind to serine/threonine kinase receptors and signal through the canonical Smad pathway and other intracellular effectors. Integral to the control of BMPs is a diverse group of secreted BMP antagonists that bind to BMPs and prevent engagement with their cognate receptors. Tight temporospatial regulation of both BMP and BMP-antagonist expression provides an exquisite control system for developing tissues. Additional facets of BMP-antagonist biology, such as crosstalk with Wnt and Sonic hedgehog signaling during development, have been revealed in recent years. In addition, previously unappreciated roles for the BMP antagonists in kidney fibrosis and cancer have been elucidated. This review provides a description of BMP-antagonist biology, together with highlights of recent novel insights into the role of these antagonists in development, signal transduction and human disease.
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Alaoui-Ismaili MH, Falb D. Design of second generation therapeutic recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2009; 20:501-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Lintern KB, Guidato S, Rowe A, Saldanha JW, Itasaki N. Characterization of wise protein and its molecular mechanism to interact with both Wnt and BMP signals. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:23159-68. [PMID: 19553665 PMCID: PMC2755721 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.025478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk of BMP and Wnt signaling pathways has been implicated in many aspects of biological events during embryogenesis and in adulthood. A secreted protein Wise and its orthologs (Sostdc1, USAG-1, and Ectodin) have been shown to modulate Wnt signaling and also inhibit BMP signals. Modulation of Wnt signaling activity by Wise is brought about by an interaction with the Wnt co-receptor LRP6, whereas BMP inhibition is by binding to BMP ligands. Here we have investigated the mode of action of Wise on Wnt and BMP signals. It was found that Wise binds LRP6 through one of three loops formed by the cystine knot. The Wise deletion construct lacking the LRP6-interacting loop domain nevertheless binds BMP4 and inhibits BMP signals. Moreover, BMP4 does not interfere with Wise-LRP6 binding, suggesting separate domains for the physical interaction. Functional assays also show that the ability of Wise to block Wnt1 activity through LRP6 is not impeded by BMP4. In contrast, the ability of Wise to inhibit BMP4 is prevented by additional LRP6, implying a preference of Wise in binding LRP6 over BMP4. In addition to the interaction of Wise with BMP4 and LRP6, the molecular characteristics of Wise, such as glycosylation and association with heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the cell surface, are suggested. This study helps to understand the multiple functions of Wise at the molecular level and suggests a possible role for Wise in balancing Wnt and BMP signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Guidato
- From the Divisions of Developmental Neurobiology and
| | - Alison Rowe
- From the Divisions of Developmental Neurobiology and
| | - José W. Saldanha
- Mathematical Biology, Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Nobue Itasaki
- From the Divisions of Developmental Neurobiology and
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[Signal transduction of BMP/Smad and its relationship with mammalian folliculogenesis]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2009; 31:245-54. [PMID: 19273436 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2009.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BMPs belong to the transforming growth factor-b superfamily. BMPs have been proved to have extensive biological functions in mammals, including growth regulation, cell proliferation and differentiation. More and more evidence has shown that BMPs play a key role in fertility, especially in folliculogenesis in female mammals. Smad proteins are intra-cellular signaling transduction molecules of BMP family, which can transduce the BMP signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus. In this review, BMPs, BMP/Smad-related signal transduction and the regulation of BMP activity were summarized, and the regulatory roles of BMP/Smad signal transduction pathway in folliculogenesis were discussed.
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Hsu MY, Rovinsky SA, Lai CY, Qasem S, Liu X, How J, Engelhardt JF, Murphy GF. Aggressive melanoma cells escape from BMP7-mediated autocrine growth inhibition through coordinated Noggin upregulation. J Transl Med 2008; 88:842-55. [PMID: 18560367 PMCID: PMC2676927 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-beta superfamily responsible for mediating a diverse array of cellular functions both during embryogenesis and in adult life. Previously, we reported that upregulation of BMP7 in human melanoma correlates with tumor progression. However, melanoma cells are either inhibited by or become resistant to BMP7 as a function of tumor progression, with normal melanocytes being most susceptible. Herein, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions and western blotting revealed that the expression of BMP antagonist, Noggin, correlates with resistance to BMP7 in advanced melanoma cells. To test the hypothesis that coordinated upregulation of Noggin protects advanced melanoma cells from autocrine inhibition by BMP7, functional expression of Noggin in susceptible melanoma cells was achieved by adenoviral gene transfer. The Noggin-overexpressing cells exhibited a growth advantage in response to subsequent BMP7 transduction in vitro under anchorage-dependent and -independent conditions, in three-dimensional skin reconstructs, as well as in vivo in severe combined immunodeficient mice. In concordance, Noggin knockdown by lentiviral shRNA confers sensitivity to BMP7-induced growth inhibition in advanced melanoma cells. Our findings suggest that, like TGF-beta, BMP7 acts as an autocrine growth inhibitor in melanocytic cells, and that advanced melanoma cells may escape from BMP7-induced inhibition through concomitant aberrant expression of Noggin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yu Hsu
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Hwang CH, Wu DK. Noggin heterozygous mice: an animal model for congenital conductive hearing loss in humans. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 17:844-53. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Amarilio R, Viukov SV, Sharir A, Eshkar-Oren I, Johnson RS, Zelzer E. HIF1α regulation of Sox9 is necessary to maintain differentiation of hypoxic prechondrogenic cells during early skeletogenesis. Development 2007; 134:3917-28. [PMID: 17913788 DOI: 10.1242/dev.008441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During early stages of limb development, the vasculature is subjected to extensive remodeling that leaves the prechondrogenic condensation avascular and, as we demonstrate hereafter, hypoxic. Numerous studies on a variety of cell types have reported that hypoxia has an inhibitory effect on cell differentiation. In order to investigate the mechanism that supports chondrocyte differentiation under hypoxic conditions, we inactivated the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) in mouse limb bud mesenchyme. Developmental analysis of Hif1α-depleted limbs revealed abnormal cartilage and joint formation in the autopod,suggesting that HIF1α is part of a mechanism that regulates the differentiation of hypoxic prechondrogenic cells. Dramatically reduced cartilage formation in Hif1α-depleted micromass culture cells under hypoxia provided further support for the regulatory role of HIF1αin chondrogenesis. Reduced expression of Sox9, a key regulator of chondrocyte differentiation, followed by reduction of Sox6, collagen type II and aggrecan in Hif1α-depleted limbs raised the possibility that HIF1α regulation of Sox9 is necessary under hypoxic conditions for differentiation of prechondrogenic cells to chondrocytes. To study this possibility, we targeted Hif1αexpression in micromass cultures. Under hypoxic conditions, Sox9expression was increased twofold relative to its expression in normoxic condition; this increment was lost in the Hif1α-depleted cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated direct binding of HIF1α to the Sox9 promoter, thus supporting direct regulation of HIF1αon Sox9 expression. This work establishes for the first time HIF1α as a key component in the genetic program that regulates chondrogenesis by regulating Sox9 expression in hypoxic prechondrogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Amarilio
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Andrieux J, Roche-Lestienne C, Geffroy S, Desterke C, Grardel N, Plantier I, Selleslag D, Demory JL, Laï JL, Leleu X, Le Bousse-Kerdiles C, Vandenberghe P. Bone morphogenetic protein antagonist gene NOG is involved in myeloproliferative disease associated with myelofibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 178:11-6. [PMID: 17889703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In a case with secondary myelofibrosis occurring after essential thrombocythemia, cytogenetic analysis revealed an isolated translocation t(X;17)(q27;q22) in all cells. We found that a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) encompassing the breakpoint on chromosome 17 long arm contained only one gene, NOG. We therefore investigated the occurrence of this rare breakpoint in myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). We identified three more patients with a 17q abnormality in MPDs: myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM); chronic myeloid leukemia positive for t(9;22)(q34;q11) with additional t(4;17)(p15;q22) at diagnosis; and myelofibrosis complicating polycythemia vera. All three cases exhibited a split of BACs containing NOG. The protein encoded by NOG, noggin, acts as an antagonist to bone morphogenetic secreted protein 2 and 4 (BMP2 and BMP4). A comparative analysis of gene expression on Agilent 22K oligonucleotide microarrays in purified CD34+ cells from the blood of MMM patients showed significant downregulation of BMPR2, BMPR1B, BMP2, and BMP8; upregulation of BMP3 and BMP10; and a trend to lower expression of NOG. Thus, given that expression and release of BMPs are important in the induction of osteosclerosis and angiogenic activity, the observed BMP deregulations could be triggered by potential NOG genetic alterations in the four cases here described, and may contribute to the myelofibrotic process characterized by bone marrow stromal reaction including collagen fibrosis, osteosclerosis, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Andrieux
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, CHRU, 2 Avenue Oscar Lambret, 59037 Lille, France.
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Lehmann K, Seemann P, Silan F, Goecke TO, Irgang S, Kjaer KW, Kjaergaard S, Mahoney MJ, Morlot S, Reissner C, Kerr B, Wilkie AOM, Mundlos S. A new subtype of brachydactyly type B caused by point mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein antagonist NOGGIN. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 81:388-96. [PMID: 17668388 PMCID: PMC1950796 DOI: 10.1086/519697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brachydactyly type B (BDB) is characterized by terminal deficiency of fingers and toes, which is caused by heterozygous truncating mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) in the majority of patients. In a subset of ROR2-negative patients with BDB, clinically defined by the additional occurrence of proximal symphalangism and carpal synostosis, we identified six different point mutations (P35A, P35S, A36P, E48K, R167G, and P187S) in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist NOGGIN (NOG). In contrast to previously described loss-of-function mutations in NOG, which are known to cause a range of conditions associated with abnormal joint formation but without BDB, the newly identified BDB mutations do not indicate a major loss of function, as suggested by calculation of free-binding energy of the modeled NOG-GDF5 complex and functional analysis of the micromass culture system. Rather, they presumably alter NOG's ability to bind to BMPs and growth-differentiation factors (GDFs) in a subtle way, thus disturbing the intricate balance of BMP signaling. The combined features observed in this phenotypic subtype of BDB argue for a functional connection between BMP and ROR2 signaling and support previous findings of a modulating effect of ROR2 on the BMP-receptor pathway through the formation of a heteromeric complex of the receptors at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lehmann
- Institut fur Medizinische Genetik, Universitatsmedizin Berlin Charite, Berlin, Germany, and Regional Genetic Service, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, UK.
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48
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Xu J, Rogers MB. Modulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) 2 gene expression by Sp1 transcription factors. Gene 2007; 392:221-9. [PMID: 17317039 PMCID: PMC1934513 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Changes in Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) 2 gene expression and activity have been linked to many pathological conditions including cancer, osteoarthritis, and birth defects. BMP2 gene polymorphisms have been linked to osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Sp1 and related proteins are widely expressed regulators of gene expression whose transcription activating abilities vary in different cells and on different genes. We present data indicating that the ratio of Sp1 and Sp3 isoforms varies in cells that express or do not express BMP2. Furthermore, the orientation of Sp1 sites conserved between four orders of mammals influences BMP2 expression. Together our data indicate that the stoichiometry and orientation of Sp1 and Sp3 complexes on the BMP2 promoter influence BMP2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa B. Rogers
- *Address correspondence and requests for reprints to: Melissa B. Rogers, Ph.D., Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (MSB E627), UMDNJ - New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave., P.O. Box 1709, Newark, NJ 07101-1709, Phone: (973) 972-2984, Fax: (973) 972-5594,
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Que J, Choi M, Ziel JW, Klingensmith J, Hogan BLM. Morphogenesis of the trachea and esophagus: current players and new roles for noggin and Bmps. Differentiation 2006; 74:422-37. [PMID: 16916379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of the anterior foregut of the mammalian embryo involves changes in the behavior of both the epithelial endoderm and the adjacent mesoderm. Morphogenetic processes that occur include the extrusion of midline notochord cells from the epithelial definitive endoderm, the folding of the endoderm into a foregut tube, and the subsequent separation of the foregut tube into trachea and esophagus. Defects in foregut morphogenesis underlie the constellation of human birth defects known as esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Here, we review what is known about the cellular events in foregut morphogenesis and the gene mutations associated with EA and TEF in mice and humans. We present new evidence that about 70% of mouse embryos homozygous null for Nog, the gene encoding noggin, a bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) antagonist, have EA/TEF as well as defects in lung branching. This phenotype appears to correlate with abnormal morphogenesis of the notochord and defects in its separation from the definitive endoderm. The abnormalities in foregut and lung morphogenesis of Nog null mutant can be rescued by reducing the gene dose of Bmp4 by 50%. This suggests that normal foregut morphogenesis requires that the level of Bmp4 activity is carefully controlled by means of antagonists such as noggin. Several mechanisms are suggested for how Bmps normally function, including by regulating the intercellular adhesion and behavior of notochord and foregut endoderm cells. Future research must determine how Noggin/Bmp antagonism fits into the network of other factors known to regulate tracheal and esophagus development, both in mouse or humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Que
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Declau F, Van den Ende J, Baten E, Mattelaer P. Stapes ankylosis in a family with a novel NOG mutation: otologic features of the facioaudiosymphalangism syndrome. Otol Neurotol 2006; 26:934-40. [PMID: 16151340 DOI: 10.1097/01.mao.0000185074.58199.6b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the phenotype-genotype correlation in a Belgian family that was ascertained to have a novel missense mutation in the NOG gene mapping to chromosome 17q22. STUDY DESIGN To describe the phenotype, a retrospective case study was performed based on the otologic, audiologic, ophthalmologic, and radiologic data of the mutation carriers of the NOG gene. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS All members of a Belgian kindred who carried the novel missense mutation in the NOG gene (NOG, Trp205Cys [W205C]; 1426G>C). INTERVENTIONS Diagnostic otologic and ophthalmologic examination, audiometric analysis, and radiologic imaging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Phenotype-genotype correlations. RESULTS All five mutation carriers had a typical facies. Bilateral proximal symphalangism and hyperopia were present in 80%. Five of 10 ears also had progressive early-onset conductive hearing loss caused by stapes ankylosis. CONCLUSIONS So far, 14 independent NOG mutations have been identified. The autosomal dominant disorder described in the present family was caused by a novel NOG missense mutation (NOG, Trp205Cys [W205C]; 1426G>C). The phenotype correlated well with the facioaudiosymphalangism syndrome. The mutation carriers demonstrated progressive multiple joint fusions, hyperopia, early-onset conductive deafness, and a typical facies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Declau
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University of Antwerp, Brugge, Belgium.
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