1
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Liu L, Liu X, Bai Z, Tanveer M, Zhang Y, Chen W, Shabala S, Huang L. Small but powerful: RALF peptides in plant adaptive and developmental responses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 343:112085. [PMID: 38588983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Plants live in a highly dynamic environment and require to rapidly respond to a plethora of environmental stimuli, so that to maintain their optimal growth and development. A small plant peptide, rapid alkalization factor (RALF), can rapidly increase the pH value of the extracellular matrix in plant cells. RALFs always function with its corresponding receptors. Mechanistically, effective amount of RALF is induced and released at the critical period of plant growth and development or under different external environmental factors. Recent studies also highlighted the role of RALF peptides as important regulators in plant intercellular communications, as well as their operation in signal perception and as ligands for different receptor kinases on the surface of the plasma membrane, to integrate various environmental cues. In this context, understanding the fine-print of above processes may be essential to solve the problems of crop adaptation to various harsh environments under current climate trends scenarios, by genetic means. This paper summarizes the current knowledge about the structure and diversity of RALF peptides and their roles in plant development and response to stresses, highlighting unanswered questions and problems to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Liu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xing Liu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhenkun Bai
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China; School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia.
| | - Liping Huang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
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2
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Kwon OK, Moon H, Jeong AR, Yeom G, Park CJ. Rice small secreted peptide, OsRALF26, recognized by FERONIA-like receptor 1 induces immunity in rice and Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1528-1549. [PMID: 38507319 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs), belonging to a family of small secreted peptides, have been considered as important signaling molecules in diverse biological processes, including immunity. Current studies on RALF-modulated immunity mainly focus on Arabidopsis, but little is reported in crop plants. The rice immune receptor XA21 confers immunity to the bacterial blight pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Here, we pursued functional characterization of rice RALF26 (OsRALF26) up-regulated by Xoo during XA21-mediated immune response. When applied exogenously as a recombinant peptide, OsRALF26 induced a series of immune responses, including pathogenesis-related genes (PRs) induction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and callose deposition in rice and/or Arabidopsis. Transgenic rice and Arabidopsis overexpressing OsRALF26 exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to Xoo and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000), respectively. In yeast two-hybrid, pull-down assays, and co-immunoprecipitation analyses, rice FER-like receptor 1 (OsFLR1) was identified as a receptor of OsRALF26. Transient expression of OsFLR1 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves displayed significantly increased ROS production and callose deposition after OsRALF26 treatment. Together, we propose that OsRALF26 induced by Xoo in an XA21-dependent manner is perceived by OsFLR1 and may play a novel role in the enforcement of XA21-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Kyu Kwon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyeran Moon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - A-Ram Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Gunn Yeom
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
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3
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Zhao T, Ma S, Kong Z, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang J, Liu J, Feng W, Liu T, Liu C, Liang S, Lu S, Li X, Zhao H, Lu C, Latif MZ, Yin Z, Li Y, Ding X. Recognition of the inducible, secretory small protein OsSSP1 by the membrane receptor OsSSR1 and the co-receptor OsBAK1 confers rice resistance to the blast fungus. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:807-823. [PMID: 38664971 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The plant apoplast, which serves as the frontline battleground for long-term host-pathogen interactions, harbors a wealth of disease resistance resources. However, the identification of the disease resistance proteins in the apoplast is relatively lacking. In this study, we identified and characterized the rice secretory protein OsSSP1 (Oryza sativa secretory small protein 1). OsSSP1 can be secreted into the plant apoplast, and either in vitro treatment of recombinant OsSSP1 or overexpression of OsSSP1 in rice could trigger plant immune response. The expression of OsSSP1 is suppressed significantly during Magnaporthe oryzae infection in the susceptible rice variety Taibei 309, and OsSSP1-overexpressing lines all show strong resistance to M. oryzae. Combining the knockout and overexpression results, we found that OsSSP1 positively regulates plant immunity in response to fungal infection. Moreover, the recognition and immune response triggered by OsSSP1 depend on an uncharacterized transmembrane OsSSR1 (secretory small protein receptor 1) and the key co-receptor OsBAK1, since most of the induced immune response and resistance are lost in the absence of OsSSR1 or OsBAK1. Intriguingly, the OsSSP1 protein is relatively stable and can still induce plant resistance after 1 week of storage in the open environment, and exogenous OsSSP1 treatment for a 2-week period did not affect rice yield. Collectively, our study reveals that OsSSP1 can be secreted into the apoplast and percepted by OsSSR1 and OsBAK1 during fungal infection, thereby triggering the immune response to enhance plant resistance to M. oryzae. These findings provide novel resources and potential strategies for crop breeding and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shijie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ziying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Haimiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Junzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jiazong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wanzhen Feng
- College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Suochen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shilin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Haipeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chongchong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Muhammad Zunair Latif
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
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4
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Delmer D, Dixon RA, Keegstra K, Mohnen D. The plant cell wall-dynamic, strong, and adaptable-is a natural shapeshifter. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1257-1311. [PMID: 38301734 PMCID: PMC11062476 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mythology is replete with good and evil shapeshifters, who, by definition, display great adaptability and assume many different forms-with several even turning themselves into trees. Cell walls certainly fit this definition as they can undergo subtle or dramatic changes in structure, assume many shapes, and perform many functions. In this review, we cover the evolution of knowledge of the structures, biosynthesis, and functions of the 5 major cell wall polymer types that range from deceptively simple to fiendishly complex. Along the way, we recognize some of the colorful historical figures who shaped cell wall research over the past 100 years. The shapeshifter analogy emerges more clearly as we examine the evolving proposals for how cell walls are constructed to allow growth while remaining strong, the complex signaling involved in maintaining cell wall integrity and defense against disease, and the ways cell walls adapt as they progress from birth, through growth to maturation, and in the end, often function long after cell death. We predict the next century of progress will include deciphering cell type-specific wall polymers; regulation at all levels of polymer production, crosslinks, and architecture; and how walls respond to developmental and environmental signals to drive plant success in diverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Delmer
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Kenneth Keegstra
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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5
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Zhou LZ, Wang L, Chen X, Ge Z, Mergner J, Li X, Küster B, Längst G, Qu LJ, Dresselhaus T. The RALF signaling pathway regulates cell wall integrity during pollen tube growth in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1673-1696. [PMID: 38142229 PMCID: PMC11062432 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Autocrine signaling pathways regulated by RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTORs (RALFs) control cell wall integrity during pollen tube germination and growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To investigate the role of pollen-specific RALFs in another plant species, we combined gene expression data with phylogenetic and biochemical studies to identify candidate orthologs in maize (Zea mays). We show that Clade IB ZmRALF2/3 mutations, but not Clade III ZmRALF1/5 mutations, cause cell wall instability in the sub-apical region of the growing pollen tube. ZmRALF2/3 are mainly located in the cell wall and are partially able to complement the pollen germination defect of their Arabidopsis orthologs AtRALF4/19. Mutations in ZmRALF2/3 compromise pectin distribution patterns leading to altered cell wall organization and thickness culminating in pollen tube burst. Clade IB, but not Clade III ZmRALFs, strongly interact as ligands with the pollen-specific Catharanthus roseus RLK1-like (CrRLK1L) receptor kinases Z. mays FERONIA-like (ZmFERL) 4/7/9, LORELEI-like glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (LLG) proteins Z. mays LLG 1 and 2 (ZmLLG1/2), and Z. mays pollen extension-like (PEX) cell wall proteins ZmPEX2/4. Notably, ZmFERL4 outcompetes ZmLLG2 and ZmPEX2 outcompetes ZmFERL4 for ZmRALF2 binding. Based on these data, we suggest that Clade IB RALFs act in a dual role as cell wall components and extracellular sensors to regulate cell wall integrity and thickness during pollen tube growth in maize and probably other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Zi Zhou
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Lele Wang
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Xia Chen
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zengxiang Ge
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Julia Mergner
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Xingli Li
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Küster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Gernot Längst
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Istomina EA, Korostyleva TV, Kovtun AS, Slezina MP, Odintsova TI. Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Genes Encoding Defense-Related Peptides of Filipendula ulmaria in Response to Bipolaris sorokiniana Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:258. [PMID: 38667929 PMCID: PMC11050963 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptides play an essential role in plant development and immunity. Filipendula ulmaria, belonging to the Rosaceae family, is a medicinal plant which exhibits valuable pharmacological properties. F. ulmaria extracts in vitro inhibit the growth of a variety of plant and human pathogens. The role of peptides in defense against pathogens in F. ulmaria remains unknown. The objective of this study was to explore the repertoire of antimicrobial (AMPs) and defense-related signaling peptide genes expressed by F. ulmaria in response to infection with Bipolaris sorokiniana using RNA-seq. Transcriptomes of healthy and infected plants at two time points were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq500 platform and de novo assembled. A total of 84 peptide genes encoding novel putative AMPs and signaling peptides were predicted in F. ulmaria transcriptomes. They belong to known, as well as new, peptide families. Transcriptional profiling in response to infection disclosed complex expression patterns of peptide genes and identified both up- and down-regulated genes in each family. Among the differentially expressed genes, the vast majority were down-regulated, suggesting suppression of the immune response by the fungus. The expression of 13 peptide genes was up-regulated, indicating their possible involvement in triggering defense response. After functional studies, the encoded peptides can be used in the development of novel biofungicides and resistance inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Istomina
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Tatyana V. Korostyleva
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Alexey S. Kovtun
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Marina P. Slezina
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Tatyana I. Odintsova
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (M.P.S.)
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7
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Schoenaers S, Lee HK, Gonneau M, Faucher E, Levasseur T, Akary E, Claeijs N, Moussu S, Broyart C, Balcerowicz D, AbdElgawad H, Bassi A, Damineli DSC, Costa A, Feijó JA, Moreau C, Bonnin E, Cathala B, Santiago J, Höfte H, Vissenberg K. Rapid alkalinization factor 22 has a structural and signalling role in root hair cell wall assembly. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:494-511. [PMID: 38467800 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Pressurized cells with strong walls make up the hydrostatic skeleton of plants. Assembly and expansion of such stressed walls depend on a family of secreted RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides, which bind both a membrane receptor complex and wall-localized LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT EXTENSIN (LRXs) in a mutually exclusive way. Here we show that, in root hairs, the RALF22 peptide has a dual structural and signalling role in cell expansion. Together with LRX1, it directs the compaction of charged pectin polymers at the root hair tip into periodic circumferential rings. Free RALF22 induces the formation of a complex with LORELEI-LIKE-GPI-ANCHORED PROTEIN 1 and FERONIA, triggering adaptive cellular responses. These findings show how a peptide simultaneously functions as a structural component organizing cell wall architecture and as a feedback signalling molecule that regulates this process depending on its interaction partners. This mechanism may also underlie wall assembly and expansion in other plant cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Hyun Kyung Lee
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Gonneau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Elvina Faucher
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | | | - Elodie Akary
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Naomi Claeijs
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Moussu
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Broyart
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daria Balcerowicz
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Andrea Bassi
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Santa Cruz Damineli
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - José A Feijó
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Julia Santiago
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Herman Höfte
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France.
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Department of Biology, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Agriculture, Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Lab, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece.
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8
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Chekan JR, Mydy LS, Pasquale MA, Kersten RD. Plant peptides - redefining an area of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38411572 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Covering 1965 to February 2024Plants are prolific peptide chemists and are known to make thousands of different peptidic molecules. These peptides vary dramatically in their size, chemistry, and bioactivity. Despite their differences, all plant peptides to date are biosynthesized as ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Decades of research in plant RiPP biosynthesis have extended the definition and scope of RiPPs from microbial sources, establishing paradigms and discovering new families of biosynthetic enzymes. The discovery and elucidation of plant peptide pathways is challenging due to repurposing and evolution of housekeeping genes as both precursor peptides and biosynthetic enzymes and due to the low rates of gene clustering in plants. In this review, we highlight the chemistry, biosynthesis, and function of the known RiPP classes from plants and recommend a nomenclature for the recent addition of BURP-domain-derived RiPPs termed burpitides. Burpitides are an emerging family of cyclic plant RiPPs characterized by macrocyclic crosslinks between tyrosine or tryptophan side chains and other amino acid side chains or their peptide backbone that are formed by copper-dependent BURP-domain-containing proteins termed burpitide cyclases. Finally, we review the discovery of plant RiPPs through bioactivity-guided, structure-guided, and gene-guided approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Chekan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Lisa S Mydy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Michael A Pasquale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Roland D Kersten
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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9
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Gupta S, Guérin A, Herger A, Hou X, Schaufelberger M, Roulard R, Diet A, Roffler S, Lefebvre V, Wicker T, Pelloux J, Ringli C. Growth-inhibiting effects of the unconventional plant APYRASE 7 of Arabidopsis thaliana influences the LRX/RALF/FER growth regulatory module. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011087. [PMID: 38190412 PMCID: PMC10824444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant cell growth involves coordination of numerous processes and signaling cascades among the different cellular compartments to concomitantly enlarge the protoplast and the surrounding cell wall. The cell wall integrity-sensing process involves the extracellular LRX (LRR-Extensin) proteins that bind RALF (Rapid ALkalinization Factor) peptide hormones and, in vegetative tissues, interact with the transmembrane receptor kinase FERONIA (FER). This LRX/RALF/FER signaling module influences cell wall composition and regulates cell growth. The numerous proteins involved in or influenced by this module are beginning to be characterized. In a genetic screen, mutations in Apyrase 7 (APY7) were identified to suppress growth defects observed in lrx1 and fer mutants. APY7 encodes a Golgi-localized NTP-diphosphohydrolase, but opposed to other apyrases of Arabidopsis, APY7 revealed to be a negative regulator of cell growth. APY7 modulates the growth-inhibiting effect of RALF1, influences the cell wall architecture and -composition, and alters the pH of the extracellular matrix, all of which affect cell growth. Together, this study reveals a function of APY7 in cell wall formation and cell growth that is connected to growth processes influenced by the LRX/RALF/FER signaling module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibu Gupta
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Guérin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Herger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Schaufelberger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Romain Roulard
- UMR INRAe BioEcoAgro, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Anouck Diet
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Roffler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Lefebvre
- UMR INRAe BioEcoAgro, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- UMR INRAe BioEcoAgro, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Christoph Ringli
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Skripnikov A. Bioassays for Identifying and Characterizing Plant Regulatory Peptides. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1795. [PMID: 38136666 PMCID: PMC10741408 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant peptides are a new frontier in plant biology, owing to their key regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Synthetic peptides are promising biological agents that can be used to improve crop growth and protection in an environmentally sustainable manner. Plant regulatory peptides identified in pioneering research, including systemin, PSK, HypSys, RALPH, AtPep1, CLV3, TDIF, CLE, and RGF/GLV/CLEL, hold promise for crop improvement as potent regulators of plant growth and defense. Mass spectrometry and bioinformatics are greatly facilitating the discovery and identification of new plant peptides. The biological functions of most novel plant peptides remain to be elucidated. Bioassays are an essential part in studying the biological activity of identified and putative plant peptides. Root growth assays and cultivated plant cell cultures are widely used to evaluate the regulatory potential of plant peptides during growth, differentiation, and stress reactions. These bioassays can be used as universal approaches for screening peptides from different plant species. Development of high-throughput bioassays can facilitate the screening of large numbers of identified and putative plant peptides, which have recently been discovered but remain uncharacterized for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Skripnikov
- Shemyakin—Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Nietzschmann L, Smolka U, Perino EHB, Gorzolka K, Stamm G, Marillonnet S, Bürstenbinder K, Rosahl S. The secreted PAMP-induced peptide StPIP1_1 activates immune responses in potato. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20534. [PMID: 37996470 PMCID: PMC10667265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of potato plants with the pathogen-associated molecular pattern Pep-13 leads to the activation of more than 1200 genes. One of these, StPIP1_1, encodes a protein of 76 amino acids with sequence homology to PAMP-induced secreted peptides (PIPs) from Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of StPIP1_1 is also induced in response to infection with Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease. Apoplastic localization of StPIP1_1-mCherry fusion proteins is dependent on the presence of the predicted signal peptide. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the last 13 amino acids of StPIP1_1 elicits the expression of the StPIP1_1 gene itself, as well as that of pathogenesis related genes. The oxidative burst induced by exogenously applied StPIP1_1 peptide in potato leaf disks is dependent on functional StSERK3A/B, suggesting that StPIP1_1 perception occurs via a receptor complex involving the co-receptor StSERK3A/B. Moreover, StPIP1_1 induces expression of FRK1 in Arabidopsis in an RLK7-dependent manner. Expression of an RLK from potato with high sequence homology to AtRLK7 is induced by StPIP1_1, by Pep-13 and in response to infection with P. infestans. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that, upon secretion, StPIP1_1 acts as an endogenous peptide required for amplification of the defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nietzschmann
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrike Smolka
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elvio Henrique Benatto Perino
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karin Gorzolka
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gina Stamm
- Department Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sylvestre Marillonnet
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Katharina Bürstenbinder
- Department Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sabine Rosahl
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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12
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Mohnen D. A signaling peptide locks pollen tube walls. Science 2023; 382:648-649. [PMID: 37943905 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A protein-peptide complex generates and stabilizes a cell-wall carbohydrate lattice.
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13
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Moussu S, Lee HK, Haas KT, Broyart C, Rathgeb U, De Bellis D, Levasseur T, Schoenaers S, Fernandez GS, Grossniklaus U, Bonnin E, Hosy E, Vissenberg K, Geldner N, Cathala B, Höfte H, Santiago J. Plant cell wall patterning and expansion mediated by protein-peptide-polysaccharide interaction. Science 2023; 382:719-725. [PMID: 37943924 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi4720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of cell wall polysaccharides into specific patterns is required for plant growth. A complex of RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR 4 (RALF4) and its cell wall-anchored LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT EXTENSIN 8 (LRX8)-interacting protein is crucial for cell wall integrity during pollen tube growth, but its molecular connection with the cell wall is unknown. Here, we show that LRX8-RALF4 complexes adopt a heterotetrametric configuration in vivo, displaying a dendritic distribution. The LRX8-RALF4 complex specifically interacts with demethylesterified pectins in a charge-dependent manner through RALF4's polycationic surface. The LRX8-RALF4-pectin interaction exerts a condensing effect, patterning the cell wall's polymers into a reticulated network essential for wall integrity and expansion. Our work uncovers a dual structural and signaling role for RALF4 in pollen tube growth and in the assembly of complex extracellular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Moussu
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hyun Kyung Lee
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kalina T Haas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Caroline Broyart
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ursina Rathgeb
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damien De Bellis
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gorka S Fernandez
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Eric Hosy
- IINS, CNRS UMR5297, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Plant Biochemistry & Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Stavromenos PC 71410, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Herman Höfte
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Julia Santiago
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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He YH, Chen SY, Chen XY, Xu YP, Liang Y, Cai XZ. RALF22 promotes plant immunity and amplifies the Pep3 immune signal. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2519-2534. [PMID: 37698076 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) in plants have been reported to dampen pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity via suppressing PAMP-induced complex formation between the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and its co-receptor BAK1. However, the direct and positive role of RALFs in plant immunity remains largely unknown. Herein, we report the direct and positive roles of a typical RALF, RALF22, in plant immunity. RALF22 alone directly elicited a variety of typical immune responses and triggered resistance against the devastating necrotrophic fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in a FERONIA (FER)-dependent manner. LORELEI (LRE)-like glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein 1 (LLG1) and NADPH oxidase RBOHD were required for RALF22-elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The mutation of cysteines conserved in the C terminus of RALFs abolished, while the constitutive formation of two disulfide bridges between these cysteines promoted the RALF22-elicited ROS production and resistance against S. sclerotiorum, demonstrating the requirement of these cysteines in the functions of RALF22 in plant immunity. Furthermore, RALF22 amplified the Pep3-induced immune signal by dramatically increasing the abundance of PROPEP3 transcript and protein. Supply with RALF22 induced resistance against S. sclerotiorum in Brassica crop plants. Collectively, our results reveal that RALF22 triggers immune responses and augments the Pep3-induced immune signal in a FER-dependent manner, and exhibits the potential to be exploited as an immune elicitor in crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han He
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Song-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xing-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - You-Ping Xu
- Centre of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
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15
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Kim EJ, Kim JH, Hong WJ, Kim EY, Kim MH, Lee SK, Min CW, Kim ST, Park SK, Jung KH, Kim YJ. Rice pollen-specific OsRALF17 and OsRALF19 are essential for pollen tube growth. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2218-2236. [PMID: 37195059 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube growth is essential for successful double fertilization, which is critical for grain yield in crop plants. Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) function as ligands for signal transduction during fertilization. However, functional studies on RALF in monocot plants are lacking. Herein, we functionally characterized two pollen-specific RALFs in rice (Oryza sativa) using multiple clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-induced loss-of-function mutants, peptide treatment, expression analyses, and tag reporter lines. Among the 41 RALF members in rice, OsRALF17 was specifically expressed at the highest level in pollen and pollen tubes. Exogenously applied OsRALF17 or OsRALF19 peptide inhibited pollen tube germination and elongation at high concentrations but enhanced tube elongation at low concentrations, indicating growth regulation. Double mutants of OsRALF17 and OsRALF19 (ralf17/19) exhibited almost full male sterility with defects in pollen hydration, germination, and tube elongation, which was partially recovered by exogenous treatment with OsRALF17 peptide. This study revealed that two partially functionally redundant OsRALF17 and OsRALF19 bind to Oryza sativa male-gene transfer defective 2 (OsMTD2) and transmit reactive oxygen species signals for pollen tube germination and integrity maintenance in rice. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed their common downstream genes, in osmtd2 and ralf17/19. This study provides new insights into the role of RALF, expanding our knowledge of the biological role of RALF in regulating rice fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Green Bio-Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jong Hong
- Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Genomics Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Lee
- Graduate School of Green Bio-Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green Bio-Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
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16
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Xu K, Tian D, Wang T, Zhang A, Elsadek MAY, Liu W, Chen L, Guo Y. Small secreted peptides (SSPs) in tomato and their potential roles in drought stress response. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2023; 3:17. [PMID: 37789434 PMCID: PMC10515272 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world and abiotic stresses often cause serious problems in tomato production. It is thus important to identify new regulators in stress response and to devise new approaches to promote stress tolerance in tomato. Previous studies have shown that small secreted peptides (SSPs) are important signal molecules regulating plant growth and stress response by mediating intercellular communication. However, little is known about tomato SSPs, especially their roles in responding to abiotic stresses. Here we report the identification of 1,050 putative SSPs in the tomato genome, 557 of which were classified into 38 known SSP families based on their conserved domains. GO and transcriptome analyses revealed that a large proportion of SlSSPs might be involved in abiotic stress response. Further analysis indicated that stress response related cis-elements were present on the SlCEP promotors and a number of SlCEPs were significantly upregulated by drought treatments. Among the drought-inducible SlCEPs, SlCEP10 and SlCEP11b were selected for further analysis via exogenous application of synthetic peptides. The results showed that treatments with both SlCEP10 and SlCEP11b peptides enhanced tomato drought stress tolerance, indicating the potential roles of SlSSPs in abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Xu
- Department of HorticultureCollege of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dongdong Tian
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - TingJin Wang
- Department of HorticultureCollege of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Department of HorticultureCollege of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Weihong Liu
- Department of HorticultureCollege of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of HorticultureCollege of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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17
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Bailey M, Hsieh EJ, Tsai HH, Ravindran A, Schmidt W. Alkalinity modulates a unique suite of genes to recalibrate growth and pH homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1100701. [PMID: 37457359 PMCID: PMC10348880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline soils pose a conglomerate of constraints to plants, restricting the growth and fitness of non-adapted species in habitats with low active proton concentrations. To thrive under such conditions, plants have to compensate for a potential increase in cytosolic pH and restricted softening of the cell wall to invigorate cell elongation in a proton-depleted environment. To discern mechanisms that aid in the adaptation to external pH, we grew plants on media with pH values ranging from 5.5 to 8.5. Growth was severely restricted above pH 6.5 and associated with decreasing chlorophyll levels at alkaline pH. Bicarbonate treatment worsened plant performance, suggesting effects that differ from those exerted by pH as such. Transcriptional profiling of roots subjected to short-term transfer from optimal (pH 5.5) to alkaline (pH 7.5) media unveiled a large set of differentially expressed genes that were partially congruent with genes affected by low pH, bicarbonate, and nitrate, but showed only a very small overlap with genes responsive to the availability of iron. Further analysis of selected genes disclosed pronounced responsiveness of their expression over a wide range of external pH values. Alkalinity altered the expression of various proton/anion co-transporters, possibly to recalibrate cellular proton homeostasis. Co-expression analysis of pH-responsive genes identified a module of genes encoding proteins with putative functions in the regulation of root growth, which appears to be conserved in plants subjected to low pH or bicarbonate. Our analysis provides an inventory of pH-sensitive genes and allows comprehensive insights into processes that are orchestrated by external pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitylene Bailey
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - En-Jung Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arya Ravindran
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Hung CY, Kittur FS, Wharton KN, Umstead ML, Burwell DB, Thomas M, Qi Q, Zhang J, Oldham CE, Burkey KO, Chen J, Xie J. A Rapid Alkalinization Factor-like Peptide EaF82 Impairs Tapetum Degeneration during Pollen Development through Induced ATP Deficiency. Cells 2023; 12:1542. [PMID: 37296662 PMCID: PMC10252199 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, the timely degeneration of tapetal cells is essential for providing nutrients and other substances to support pollen development. Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) are small, cysteine-rich peptides known to be involved in various aspects of plant development and growth, as well as defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functions of most of them remain unknown, while no RALF has been reported to involve tapetum degeneration. In this study, we demonstrated that a novel cysteine-rich peptide, EaF82, isolated from shy-flowering 'Golden Pothos' (Epipremnum aureum) plants, is a RALF-like peptide and displays alkalinizing activity. Its heterologous expression in Arabidopsis delayed tapetum degeneration and reduced pollen production and seed yields. RNAseq, RT-qPCR, and biochemical analyses showed that overexpression of EaF82 downregulated a group of genes involved in pH changes, cell wall modifications, tapetum degeneration, and pollen maturation, as well as seven endogenous Arabidopsis RALF genes, and decreased proteasome activity and ATP levels. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified AKIN10, a subunit of energy-sensing SnRK1 kinase, as its interacting partner. Our study reveals a possible regulatory role for RALF peptide in tapetum degeneration and suggests that EaF82 action may be mediated through AKIN10 leading to the alteration of transcriptome and energy metabolism, thereby causing ATP deficiency and impairing pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Yueh Hung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Farooqahmed S. Kittur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Keely N. Wharton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Makendra L. Umstead
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - D’Shawna B. Burwell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Martinique Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Carla E. Oldham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
| | - Kent O. Burkey
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Environmental Horticulture Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Jiahua Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (F.S.K.); (J.Z.); (C.E.O.)
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19
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Zhang R, Shi PT, Zhou M, Liu HZ, Xu XJ, Liu WT, Chen KM. Rapid alkalinization factor: function, regulation, and potential applications in agriculture. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:16. [PMID: 37676530 PMCID: PMC10442051 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) is widespread throughout the plant kingdom and controls many aspects of plant life. Current studies on the regulatory mechanism underlying RALF function mainly focus on Arabidopsis, but little is known about the role of RALF in crop plants. Here, we systematically and comprehensively analyzed the relation between RALF family genes from five important crops and those in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Simultaneously, we summarized the functions of RALFs in controlling growth and developmental behavior using conservative motifs as cues and predicted the regulatory role of RALFs in cereal crops. In conclusion, RALF has considerable application potential in improving crop yields and increasing economic benefits. Using gene editing technology or taking advantage of RALF as a hormone additive are effective way to amplify the role of RALF in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng-Tao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huai-Zeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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20
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Jia Y, Li Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Comparative Analysis of RALF Gene Family in Legume and Non-Legume Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108842. [PMID: 37240187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) are small secreted peptide hormones that can induce rapid alkalinization in a medium. They act as signaling molecules in plants, playing a critical role in plant development and growth, especially in plant immunity. Although the function of RALF peptides has been comprehensively analyzed, the evolutionary mechanism of RALFs in symbiosis has not been studied. In this study, 41, 24, 17 and 12 RALFs were identified in Arabidopsis, soybean, Lotus and Medicago, respectively. A comparative analysis including the molecular characteristics and conserved motifs suggested that the RALF pre-peptides in soybean represented a higher value of isoelectric point and more conservative motifs/residues composition than other species. All 94 RALFs were divided into two clades according to the phylogenetic analysis. Chromosome distribution and synteny analysis suggested that the expansion of the RALF gene family in Arabidopsis mainly depended on tandem duplication, while segment duplication played a dominant role in legume species. The expression levels of most RALFs in soybean were significantly affected by the treatment of rhizobia. Seven GmRALFs are potentially involved in the release of rhizobia in the cortex cells. Overall, our research provides novel insights into the understanding of the role of the RALF gene family in nodule symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
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21
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Kiryushkin AS, Ilina EL, Guseva ED, Pawlowski K, Demchenko KN. Lateral Root Initiation in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus): What Does the Expression Pattern of Rapid Alkalinization Factor 34 ( RALF34) Tell Us? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098440. [PMID: 37176146 PMCID: PMC10179419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the small signaling peptide (peptide hormone) RALF34 is involved in the gene regulatory network of lateral root initiation. In this study, we aimed to understand the nature of the signals induced by RALF34 in the non-model plant cucumber (Cucumis sativus), where lateral root primordia are induced in the apical meristem of the parental root. The RALF family members of cucumber were identified using phylogenetic analysis. The sequence of events involved in the initiation and development of lateral root primordia in cucumber was examined in detail. To elucidate the role of the small signaling peptide CsRALF34 and its receptor CsTHESEUS1 in the initial stages of lateral root formation in the parental root meristem in cucumber, we studied the expression patterns of both genes, as well as the localization and transport of the CsRALF34 peptide. CsRALF34 is expressed in all plant organs. CsRALF34 seems to differ from AtRALF34 in that its expression is not regulated by auxin. The expression of AtRALF34, as well as CsRALF34, is regulated in part by ethylene. CsTHESEUS1 is expressed constitutively in cucumber root tissues. Our data suggest that CsRALF34 acts in a non-cell-autonomous manner and is not involved in lateral root initiation in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S Kiryushkin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena L Ilina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta D Guseva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirill N Demchenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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22
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Shumilina J, Kiryushkin AS, Frolova N, Mashkina V, Ilina EL, Puchkova VA, Danko K, Silinskaya S, Serebryakov EB, Soboleva A, Bilova T, Orlova A, Guseva ED, Repkin E, Pawlowski K, Frolov A, Demchenko KN. Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Role of Small Signaling Peptide Rapid Alkalinization Factor 34 (RALF34) in Cucumber Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087654. [PMID: 37108821 PMCID: PMC10140933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The main role of RALF small signaling peptides was reported to be the alkalization control of the apoplast for improvement of nutrient absorption; however, the exact function of individual RALF peptides such as RALF34 remains unknown. The Arabidopsis RALF34 (AtRALF34) peptide was proposed to be part of the gene regulatory network of lateral root initiation. Cucumber is an excellent model for studying a special form of lateral root initiation taking place in the meristem of the parental root. We attempted to elucidate the role of the regulatory pathway in which RALF34 is a participant using cucumber transgenic hairy roots overexpressing CsRALF34 for comprehensive, integrated metabolomics and proteomics studies, focusing on the analysis of stress response markers. CsRALF34 overexpression resulted in the inhibition of root growth and regulation of cell proliferation, specifically in blocking the G2/M transition in cucumber roots. Based on these results, we propose that CsRALF34 is not part of the gene regulatory networks involved in the early steps of lateral root initiation. Instead, we suggest that CsRALF34 modulates ROS homeostasis and triggers the controlled production of hydroxyl radicals in root cells, possibly associated with intracellular signal transduction. Altogether, our results support the role of RALF peptides as ROS regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Shumilina
- Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey S Kiryushkin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Frolova
- Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeria Mashkina
- Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena L Ilina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vera A Puchkova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Katerina Danko
- Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Alena Soboleva
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Bilova
- Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Orlova
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta D Guseva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Egor Repkin
- Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill N Demchenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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23
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Fernández-Fernández ÁD, Stael S, Van Breusegem F. Mechanisms controlling plant proteases and their substrates. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1047-1058. [PMID: 36755073 PMCID: PMC10070405 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, proteolysis is emerging as an important field of study due to a growing understanding of the critical involvement of proteases in plant cell death, disease and development. Because proteases irreversibly modify the structure and function of their target substrates, proteolytic activities are stringently regulated at multiple levels. Most proteases are produced as dormant isoforms and only activated in specific conditions such as altered ion fluxes or by post-translational modifications. Some of the regulatory mechanisms initiating and modulating proteolytic activities are restricted in time and space, thereby ensuring precision activity, and minimizing unwanted side effects. Currently, the activation mechanisms and the substrates of only a few plant proteases have been studied in detail. Most studies focus on the role of proteases in pathogen perception and subsequent modulation of the plant reactions, including the hypersensitive response (HR). Proteases are also required for the maturation of coexpressed peptide hormones that lead essential processes within the immune response and development. Here, we review the known mechanisms for the activation of plant proteases, including post-translational modifications, together with the effects of proteinaceous inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Daniel Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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24
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Fedoreyeva LI. Molecular Mechanisms of Regulation of Root Development by Plant Peptides. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1320. [PMID: 36987008 PMCID: PMC10053774 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Peptides perform many functions, participating in the regulation of cell differentiation, regulating plant growth and development, and also involved in the response to stress factors and in antimicrobial defense. Peptides are an important class biomolecules for intercellular communication and in the transmission of various signals. The intercellular communication system based on the ligand-receptor bond is one of the most important molecular bases for creating complex multicellular organisms. Peptide-mediated intercellular communication plays a critical role in the coordination and determination of cellular functions in plants. The intercellular communication system based on the receptor-ligand is one of the most important molecular foundations for creating complex multicellular organisms. Peptide-mediated intercellular communication plays a critical role in the coordination and determination of cellular functions in plants. The identification of peptide hormones, their interaction with receptors, and the molecular mechanisms of peptide functioning are important for understanding the mechanisms of both intercellular communications and for regulating plant development. In this review, we drew attention to some peptides involved in the regulation of root development, which implement this regulation by the mechanism of a negative feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa I Fedoreyeva
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
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25
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Solís-Miranda J, Juárez-Verdayes MA, Nava N, Rosas P, Leija-Salas A, Cárdenas L, Quinto C. The Phaseolus vulgaris Receptor-Like Kinase PvFER1 and the Small Peptides PvRALF1 and PvRALF6 Regulate Nodule Number as a Function of Nitrate Availability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065230. [PMID: 36982308 PMCID: PMC10049175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Legumes associate with Gram-negative soil bacteria called rhizobia, resulting in the formation of a nitrogen-fixing organ, the nodule. Nodules are an important sink for photosynthates for legumes, so these plants have developed a systemic regulation mechanism that controls their optimal number of nodules, the so-called autoregulation of nodulation (AON) pathway, to balance energy costs with the benefits of nitrogen fixation. In addition, soil nitrate inhibits nodulation in a dose-dependent manner, through systemic and local mechanisms. The CLE family of peptides and their receptors are key to tightly controlling these inhibitory responses. In the present study, a functional analysis revealed that PvFER1, PvRALF1, and PvRALF6 act as positive regulators of the nodule number in growth medium containing 0 mM of nitrate but as negative regulators in medium with 2 and 5 mM of nitrate. Furthermore, the effect on nodule number was found to be consistent with changes in the expression levels of genes associated with the AON pathway and with the nitrate-mediated regulation of nodulation (NRN). Collectively, these data suggest that PvFER1, PvRALF1, and PvRALF6 regulate the optimal number of nodules as a function of nitrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Solís-Miranda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Juárez-Verdayes
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
- Departamento de Docencia, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila 25315, Mexico
| | - Noreide Nava
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Paul Rosas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Leija-Salas
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Carmen Quinto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Sui J, Xiao X, Yang J, Fan Y, Zhu S, Zhu J, Zhou B, Yu F, Tang C. The rubber tree RALF peptide hormone and its receptor protein kinase FER implicates in rubber production. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111510. [PMID: 36341879 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTORs (RALFs), which are secreted peptides serving as extracellular signals transduced to the inside of the cell, interact with the receptor-like kinase FERONIA (FER) and participates in various biological pathways. Here, we identified 23 RALF and 2 FER genes in Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree), and characterized their expression patterns in different tissues, across the process of leaf development, and in response to the rubber yield-stimulating treatments of tapping and ethylene. Four Hevea latex (the cytoplasm of rubber-producing laticifers)-abundant RALF isoforms, HbRALF19, HbRALF3, HbRALF22, and HbRALF16 were listed with descending expression levels. Of the four HbRALFs, expressions of HbRALF3 were markedly regulated in an opposite way by the treatments of tapping (depression) and ethylene (stimulation). All of the four latex-abundant RALFs specifically interacted with the extracellular domain of HbFER1. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing these HbRALFs displayed phenotypes similar to those reported for AtRALFs, such as shorter roots, smaller plant architecture, and delayed flowering. The application of HbRALF3 and HbRALF19 recombinant proteins significantly reduced the pH of Hevea latex, an important factor regulating latex metabolism. An in vitro rubber biosynthesis assay in a mixture of latex cytosol (C-serum) revealed a positive role of HbFER1 in rubber biosynthesis. Taken together, these data provide evidence for the participation of the HbRALF-FER module in rubber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Sui
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Scientific Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Xiaohu Xiao
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yujie Fan
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Sirui Zhu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jinheng Zhu
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Binhui Zhou
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Chaorong Tang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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27
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Moreau H, Gaillard I, Paris N. Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors adapted to acidic pH highlight subdomains within the plant cell apoplast. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6744-6757. [PMID: 35604912 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring pH is one of the challenges in understanding diverse physiological regulations as well as ionic balance, especially in highly acidic environments such as the apoplast and the vacuole. To circumvent the poor efficiency of pH measurements below pH 5, we designed three genetically encoded sensors composed of two fluorescent proteins in tandem. We selected fluorescent protein pairs of low but sufficiently different pKa so that each protein could differentially sense the imposed pH. The generated tandems, named Acidin2, Acidin3, and Acidin4, were produced in Escherichia coli and extensively characterized. Altogether, these generated tandems cover a pH range of 3-8. The Acidins were targeted either for release in the apoplast (Apo) or for anchoring at the outer face of the plasma membrane (PM-Apo), with the fluorescent part exposed in the apoplast. Apoplastic Acidins in stably transformed Arabidopsis thaliana primary roots responded immediately and reversibly to pH changes, directly reporting physiological conditions related to cell elongation. In addition, membrane-anchored Acidins reveal a gradual acidification from the surface through the anticlinal wall of pavement cells, a process controlled at least partially by H+-ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortense Moreau
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadine Paris
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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28
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Zhou Y, Zhai H, Xing S, Wei Z, He S, Zhang H, Gao S, Zhao N, Liu Q. A novel small open reading frame gene, IbEGF, enhances drought tolerance in transgenic sweet potato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:965069. [PMID: 36388596 PMCID: PMC9660231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.965069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Small open reading frames (sORFs) can encode functional polypeptides or act as cis-translational regulators in stress responses in eukaryotes. Their number and potential importance have only recently become clear in plants. In this study, we identified a novel sORF gene in sweet potato, IbEGF, which encoded the 83-amino acid polypeptide containing an EGF_CA domain. The expression of IbEGF was induced by PEG6000, H2O2, abscisic acid (ABA), methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) and brassinosteroid (BR). The IbEGF protein was localized to the nucleus and cell membrane. Under drought stress, overexpression of IbEGF enhanced drought tolerance, promoted the accumulation of ABA, MeJA, BR and proline and upregulated the genes encoding superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in transgenic sweet potato. The IbEGF protein was found to interact with IbCOP9-5α, a regulator in the phytohormone signalling pathways. These results suggest that IbEGF interacting with IbCOP9-5α enhances drought tolerance by regulating phytohormone signalling pathways, increasing proline accumulation and further activating reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system in transgenic sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaopei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingchang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Jiang H, Shui Z, Zhong Y, Shang J, Yang H, Sun X, Du J. Genome-wide characterization of soybean RALF genes and their expression responses to Fusarium oxysporum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1006028. [PMID: 36275562 PMCID: PMC9583537 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RALFs (RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTORs) are small peptides required for plant growth, development and immunity. RALF has recently been discovered to regulate plant resistance to fungal infection. However, little is known in crops, particularly in soybean. Here, 27 RALFs were identified in the genome of Glycine max. All Glycine max RALFs (GmRALFs) and 34 Arabidopsis RALFs were classified into 12 clades via the phylogenetic analyses. Gene structures, conserved motifs, chromosome distribution and cis-elements were analyzed in this study. Furthermore, 18 GmRALFs were found in response to Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) infection in soybean and to have distinct expression patterns. Among them, secretory function of two GmRALFs were identified, and three GmRALFs were detected to interact with FERONIA in Glycine max (GmFERONIA, GmFER). Our current study systematically identified and characterized GmRALFs in the soybean genome, laying a groundwork for further functional analyses and soybean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengke Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaowei Shui
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujun Zhong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Shang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Tian D, Xie Q, Deng Z, Xue J, Li W, Zhang Z, Dai Y, Zheng B, Lu T, De Smet I, Guo Y. Small secreted peptides encoded on the wheat ( triticum aestivum L.) genome and their potential roles in stress responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1000297. [PMID: 36212358 PMCID: PMC9532867 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Small secreted peptides (SSPs) are important signals for cell-to-cell communication in plant, involved in a variety of growth and developmental processes, as well as responses to stresses. While a large number of SSPs have been identified and characterized in various plant species, little is known about SSPs in wheat, one of the most important cereal crops. In this study, 4,981 putative SSPs were identified on the wheat genome, among which 1,790 TaSSPs were grouped into 38 known SSP families. The result also suggested that a large number of the putaitive wheat SSPs, Cys-rich peptides in particular, remained to be characterized. Several TaSSP genes were found to encode multiple SSP domains, including CLE, HEVEIN and HAIRPININ domains, and two potentially novel TaSSP family DYY and CRP8CI were identified manually among unpredicted TaSSPs. Analysis on the transcriptomic data showed that a great proportion of TaSSPs were expressed in response to abiotic stresses. Exogenous application of the TaCEPID peptide encoded by TraesCS1D02G130700 enhanced the tolerance of wheat plants to drought and salinity, suggesting porential roles of SSPs in regulating stress responses in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Tian
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhichao Deng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin Xue
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zenglin Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yifei Dai
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiegang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Gámez-Arjona FM, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Montesinos JC. The root apoplastic pH as an integrator of plant signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:931979. [PMID: 36082302 PMCID: PMC9448249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant nutrition, growth, and response to environmental stresses are pH-dependent processes that are regulated at the apoplastic and subcellular levels. The root apoplastic pH is especially sensitive to external cues and can also be modified by intracellular inputs, such as hormonal signaling. Optimal crosstalk of the mechanisms involved in the extent and span of the apoplast pH fluctuations promotes plant resilience to detrimental biotic and abiotic factors. The fact that variations in local pHs are a standard mechanism in different signaling pathways indicates that the pH itself can be the pivotal element to provide a physiological context to plant cell regions, allowing a proportional reaction to different situations. This review brings a collective vision of the causes that initiate root apoplastic pHs variations, their interaction, and how they influence root response outcomes.
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RALF1 peptide triggers biphasic root growth inhibition upstream of auxin biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121058119. [PMID: 35878023 PMCID: PMC9351349 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121058119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cell growth responds rapidly to various stimuli, adapting architecture to environmental changes. Two major endogenous signals regulating growth are the phytohormone auxin and the secreted peptides rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs). Both trigger very rapid cellular responses and also exert long-term effects [Du et al., Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 71, 379-402 (2020); Blackburn et al., Plant Physiol. 182, 1657-1666 (2020)]. However, the way, in which these distinct signaling pathways converge to regulate growth, remains unknown. Here, using vertical confocal microscopy combined with a microfluidic chip, we addressed the mechanism of RALF action on growth. We observed correlation between RALF1-induced rapid Arabidopsis thaliana root growth inhibition and apoplast alkalinization during the initial phase of the response, and revealed that RALF1 reversibly inhibits primary root growth through apoplast alkalinization faster than within 1 min. This rapid apoplast alkalinization was the result of RALF1-induced net H+ influx and was mediated by the receptor FERONIA (FER). Furthermore, we investigated the cross-talk between RALF1 and the auxin signaling pathways during root growth regulation. The results showed that RALF-FER signaling triggered auxin signaling with a delay of approximately 1 h by up-regulating auxin biosynthesis, thus contributing to sustained RALF1-induced growth inhibition. This biphasic RALF1 action on growth allows plants to respond rapidly to environmental stimuli and also reprogram growth and development in the long term.
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Huang P, Li Z, Guo H. New Advances in the Regulation of Leaf Senescence by Classical and Peptide Hormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:923136. [PMID: 35837465 PMCID: PMC9274171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.923136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the last stage of leaf development, manifested by leaf yellowing due to the loss of chlorophyll, along with the degradation of macromolecules and facilitates nutrient translocation from the sink to the source tissues, which is essential for the plants' fitness. Leaf senescence is controlled by a sophisticated genetic network that has been revealed through the study of the molecular mechanisms of hundreds of senescence-associated genes (SAGs), which are involved in multiple layers of regulation. Leaf senescence is primarily regulated by plant age, but also influenced by a variety of factors, including phytohormones and environmental stimuli. Phytohormones, as important signaling molecules in plant, contribute to the onset and progression of leaf senescence. Recently, peptide hormones have been reported to be involved in the regulation of leaf senescence, enriching the significance of signaling molecules in controlling leaf senescence. This review summarizes recent advances in the regulation of leaf senescence by classical and peptide hormones, aiming to better understand the coordinated network of different pathways during leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Research Center for Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Research Center for Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Research Center for Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Abstract
H+-ATPases, including the phosphorylated intermediate-type (P-type) and vacuolar-type (V-type) H+-ATPases, are important ATP-driven proton pumps that generate membrane potential and provide proton motive force for secondary active transport. P- and V-type H+-ATPases have distinct structures and subcellular localizations and play various roles in growth and stress responses. A P-type H+-ATPase is mainly regulated at the posttranslational level by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of residues in its autoinhibitory C terminus. The expression and activity of both P- and V-type H+-ATPases are highly regulated by hormones and environmental cues. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in understanding of the evolution, regulation, and physiological roles of P- and V-type H+-ATPases, which coordinate and are involved in plant growth and stress adaptation. Understanding the different roles and the regulatory mechanisms of P- and V-type H+-ATPases provides a new perspective for improving plant growth and stress tolerance by modulating the activity of H+-ATPases, which will mitigate the increasing environmental stress conditions associated with ongoing global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feiyun Xu
- Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China;
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China;
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He YH, Zhang ZR, Xu YP, Chen SY, Cai XZ. Genome-Wide Identification of Rapid Alkalinization Factor Family in Brassica napus and Functional Analysis of BnRALF10 in Immunity to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:877404. [PMID: 35592581 PMCID: PMC9113046 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) were recently reported to be important players in plant immunity. Nevertheless, the signaling underlying RALF-triggered immunity in crop species against necrotrophic pathogens remains largely unknown. In this study, RALF family in the important oil crop oilseed rape (Brassica napus) was identified and functions of BnRALF10 in immunity against the devastating necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as well as the signaling underlying this immunity were revealed. The oilseed rape genome carried 61 RALFs, half of them were atypical, containing a less conserved YISY motif and lacking a RRXL motif or a pair of cysteines. Family-wide gene expression analyses demonstrated that patterns of expression in response to S. sclerotiorum infection and DAMP and PAMP treatments were generally RALF- and stimulus-specific. Most significantly responsive BnRALF genes were expressionally up-regulated by S. sclerotiorum, while in contrast, more BnRALF genes were down-regulated by BnPep5 and SsNLP1. These results indicate that members of BnRALF family are likely differentially involved in plant immunity. Functional analyses revealed that BnRALF10 provoked diverse immune responses in oilseed rape and stimulated resistance to S. sclerotiorum. These data support BnRALF10 to function as a DAMP to play a positive role in plant immunity. BnRALF10 interacted with BnFER. Silencing of BnFER decreased BnRALF10-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and compromised rape resistance to S. sclerotiorum. These results back BnFER to be a receptor of BnRALF10. Furthermore, quantitative proteomic analysis identified dozens of BnRALF10-elicited defense (RED) proteins, which respond to BnRALF10 in protein abundance and play a role in defense. Our results revealed that BnRALF10 modulated the abundance of RED proteins to fine tune plant immunity. Collectively, our results provided some insights into the functions of oilseed rape RALFs and the signaling underlying BnRALF-triggered immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han He
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - You-Ping Xu
- Centre of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
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Yang G, Qu M, Xu G, Li Y, Li X, Feng Y, Xiao H, He Y, Shabala S, Demidchik V, Liu J, Yu M. pH-Dependent mitigation of aluminum toxicity in pea (Pisum sativum) roots by boron. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 318:111208. [PMID: 35351298 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity are two major constraints on plants grown in acidic soils. B supply mitigates Al toxicity; however, the underlying mechanisms of this process remain elusive. In this work, Pisum sativum plants were used to address this issue. In the absence of pH buffers, B supply had a better mitigation effect on Al-induced root inhibition at pH 4.0 than pH 4.8. However, in MES buffered solution, mitigating effects of B on Al-induced root inhibition were more pronounced at pH 4.8, indicating a strong pH dependency of this process. Quantification of pH-dependent accumulation of Al in various root zones, modification of root pH by an exogenous addition of rapid alkalization factor (RALF), and measuring changes in the rhizosphere pH by fluorescent dyes have revealed operation of two concurrent mechanisms to explain alleviation of the inhibition of root elongation induced by Al toxicity by boron: (1) via enhancing rhizosphere pH under strong acidic stress (pH4.0), and (2) via stabilizing of cell wall by cross-linking with RGII at relatively higher pH (4.8). These findings provide scientific basis and support for the application of B fertilizers in the regions with inherited soil acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Yang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, 528000 Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Qu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, 528000 Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guilian Xu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, 528000 Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yalin Li
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, 528000 Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, 528000 Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingming Feng
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, 528000 Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongdong Xiao
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, 528000 Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongming He
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 528000 Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, 528000 Foshan, Guangdong, China; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Vadim Demidchik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology and Bioengineering, Biological Faculty, Belarusian State University, 4 Independence Avenue, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Jiayou Liu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, 528000 Foshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, 528000 Foshan, Guangdong, China.
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Ginanjar EF, Teh OK, Fujita T. Characterisation of rapid alkalinisation factors in Physcomitrium patens reveals functional conservation in tip growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2442-2457. [PMID: 34954833 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Small signalling peptides are key molecules for cell-to-cell communications in plants. The cysteine-rich signalling peptide, rapid alkalinisation factors (RALFs) family are involved in diverse developmental and stress responses and have expanded considerably during land plant evolution, implying neofunctionalisations in the RALF family. However, the ancestral roles of RALFs when land plant first acquired them remain unknown. Here, we functionally characterised two of the three RALFs in bryophyte Physcomitrium patens using loss-of-function mutants, overexpressors, as well as fluorescent proteins tagged reporter lines. We showed that PpRALF1 and PpRALF2 have overlapping functions in promoting protonema tip growth and elongation, showing a homologous function as the Arabidopsis RALF1 in promoting root hair tip growth. Although both PpRALFs are secreted to the plasma membrane on which PpRALF1 symmetrically localised, PpRALF2 showed a polarised localisation at the growing tip. Notably, proteolytic cleavage of PpRALF1 is necessary for its function. Our data reveal a possible evolutionary origin of the RALF functions and suggest that functional divergence of RALFs is essential to drive complex morphogenesis and to facilitate other novel processes in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ooi-Kock Teh
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaihdo University, Sapporo, 060-0817, Japan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec.2, Academia Rd, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
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Li J, Wu F, He Y, He B, Gong Y, Yahaya BS, Xie Y, Xie W, Xu J, Wang Q, Feng X, Liu Y, Lu Y. Maize Transcription Factor ZmARF4 Confers Phosphorus Tolerance by Promoting Root Morphological Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042361. [PMID: 35216479 PMCID: PMC8880536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development are closely related to phosphate (Pi) and auxin. However, data regarding auxin response factors (ARFs) and their response to phosphate in maize are limited. Here, we isolated ZmARF4 in maize and dissected its biological function response to Pi stress. Overexpression of ZmARF4 in Arabidopsis confers tolerance of Pi deficiency with better root morphology than wild-type. Overexpressed ZmARF4 can partially restore the absence of lateral roots in mutant arf7 arf19. The ZmARF4 overexpression promoted Pi remobilization and up-regulated AtRNS1, under Pi limitation while it down-regulated the expression of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes AtDFR and AtANS. A continuous detection revealed higher activity of promoter in the Pi-tolerant maize P178 line than in the sensitive 9782 line under low-Pi conditions. Meanwhile, GUS activity was specifically detected in new leaves and the stele of roots in transgenic offspring. ZmARF4 was localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm of the mesophyll protoplast and interacted with ZmILL4 and ZmChc5, which mediate lateral root initiation and defense response, respectively. ZmARF4 overexpression also conferred salinity and osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Overall, our findings suggest that ZmARF4, a pleiotropic gene, modulates multiple stress signaling pathways, and thus, could be a candidate gene for engineering plants with multiple stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (J.L.); (F.W.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (Y.G.); (B.S.Y.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (J.X.); (Q.W.); (X.F.); (Y.L.)
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Fengkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (J.L.); (F.W.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (Y.G.); (B.S.Y.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (J.X.); (Q.W.); (X.F.); (Y.L.)
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Yafeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (J.L.); (F.W.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (Y.G.); (B.S.Y.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (J.X.); (Q.W.); (X.F.); (Y.L.)
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Bing He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (J.L.); (F.W.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (Y.G.); (B.S.Y.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (J.X.); (Q.W.); (X.F.); (Y.L.)
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Ying Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (J.L.); (F.W.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (Y.G.); (B.S.Y.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (J.X.); (Q.W.); (X.F.); (Y.L.)
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Baba Salifu Yahaya
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (J.L.); (F.W.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (Y.G.); (B.S.Y.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (J.X.); (Q.W.); (X.F.); (Y.L.)
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Yuxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (J.L.); (F.W.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (Y.G.); (B.S.Y.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (J.X.); (Q.W.); (X.F.); (Y.L.)
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Wubing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (J.L.); (F.W.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (Y.G.); (B.S.Y.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (J.X.); (Q.W.); (X.F.); (Y.L.)
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (J.L.); (F.W.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (Y.G.); (B.S.Y.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (J.X.); (Q.W.); (X.F.); (Y.L.)
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Qingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (J.L.); (F.W.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (Y.G.); (B.S.Y.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (J.X.); (Q.W.); (X.F.); (Y.L.)
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Xuanjun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (J.L.); (F.W.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (Y.G.); (B.S.Y.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (J.X.); (Q.W.); (X.F.); (Y.L.)
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (J.L.); (F.W.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (Y.G.); (B.S.Y.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (J.X.); (Q.W.); (X.F.); (Y.L.)
- Triticeae Research Institute and Key Lab for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (J.L.); (F.W.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (Y.G.); (B.S.Y.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (J.X.); (Q.W.); (X.F.); (Y.L.)
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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Yang B, Yang S, Zheng W, Wang Y. Plant immunity inducers: from discovery to agricultural application. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:5. [PMID: 37676359 PMCID: PMC10442025 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
While conventional chemical fungicides directly eliminate pathogens, plant immunity inducers activate or prime plant immunity. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of immune regulation in plants. The development and application of plant immunity inducers based on the principles of plant immunity represent a new field in plant protection research. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of plant immunity inducers in terms of plant immune system activation, summarize the various classes of reported plant immunity inducers (proteins, oligosaccharides, chemicals, and lipids), and review methods for the identification or synthesis of plant immunity inducers. The current situation, new strategies, and future prospects in the development and application of plant immunity inducers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenyue Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Lin H, Han X, Feng X, Chen X, Lu X, Yuan Z, Li Y, Ye W, Yin Z. Molecular traits and functional analysis of Rapid Alkalinization Factors (RALFs) in four Gossypium species. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:84-99. [PMID: 34852258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid Alkalinization Factors (RALFs) are plant-secreted, cysteine-rich polypeptides which are known to play essential roles in plant developmental processes and in several defense mechanisms. So far, RALF polypeptides have not been investigated in the Gossypium genus. In this study, 42, 38, 104 and 120 RALFs were identified from diploid G. arboreum and G. raimondi and tetraploid G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, respectively. These were further divided into four groups. Protein characteristics, sequence alignment, gene structure, conserved motifs, chromosomal location and cis-element identification were comprehensively analyzed. Whole genome duplication (WGD) /segmental duplication may be the reason why the number of RALF genes doubled in tetraploid Gossypium species. Expression patterns analysis showed that GhRALFs had different transcript accumulation patterns in the tested tissues and were differentially expressed in response to various abiotic stresses. Furthermore, GhRALF41-3 over-expressing (OE) plants showed reduction in root length and developed later with short stems and small rosettes than that of the wild type. The GhRALF14-8 and GhRALF27-8 OE plants, especially the latter, showed increase in seed abortion. Both transgenic Arabidopsis and VIGS cotton demonstrate that three GhRALFs are negative regulators in response to salt stress. Our systematic analyses provided insights into the characterization of RALF genes in Gossypium, which forms genetic basis for further exploration in their potential applications in cotton production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lin
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China; Henan Institute of Grains and Cotton, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan, China.
| | - Xiulan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Shandong Denghai Shofine Seed Limited Company, Jining, China.
| | - Xiugui Chen
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
| | - Xuke Lu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
| | - Zeze Yuan
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
| | - Wuwei Ye
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China; Henan Institute of Grains and Cotton, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan, China.
| | - Zujun Yin
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China; Henan Institute of Grains and Cotton, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan, China.
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Wu F, Huang H, Peng M, Lai Y, Ren Q, Zhang J, Huang Z, Yang L, Rensing C, Chen L. Adaptive Responses of Citrus grandis Leaves to Copper Toxicity Revealed by RNA-Seq and Physiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112023. [PMID: 34769452 PMCID: PMC8585100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu)-toxic effects on Citrus grandis growth and Cu uptake, as well as gene expression and physiological parameters in leaves were investigated. Using RNA-Seq, 715 upregulated and 573 downregulated genes were identified in leaves of C. grandis seedlings exposed to Cu-toxicity (LCGSEC). Cu-toxicity altered the expression of 52 genes related to cell wall metabolism, thus impairing cell wall metabolism and lowering leaf growth. Cu-toxicity downregulated the expression of photosynthetic electron transport-related genes, thus reducing CO2 assimilation. Some genes involved in thermal energy dissipation, photorespiration, reactive oxygen species scavenging and cell redox homeostasis and some antioxidants (reduced glutathione, phytochelatins, metallothioneins, l-tryptophan and total phenolics) were upregulated in LCGSEC, but they could not protect LCGSEC from oxidative damage. Several adaptive responses might occur in LCGSEC. LCGSEC displayed both enhanced capacities to maintain homeostasis of Cu via reducing Cu uptake by leaves and preventing release of vacuolar Cu into the cytoplasm, and to improve internal detoxification of Cu by accumulating Cu chelators (lignin, reduced glutathione, phytochelatins, metallothioneins, l-tryptophan and total phenolics). The capacities to maintain both energy homeostasis and Ca homeostasis might be upregulated in LCGSEC. Cu-toxicity increased abscisates (auxins) level, thus stimulating stomatal closure and lowering water loss (enhancing water use efficiency and photosynthesis).
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Zhu S, Fu Q, Xu F, Zheng H, Yu F. New paradigms in cell adaptation: decades of discoveries on the CrRLK1L receptor kinase signalling network. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1168-1183. [PMID: 34424552 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs), which constitute the largest receptor family in plants, are essential for perceiving and relaying information about various environmental stimuli. Tremendous progress has been made in the past few decades towards elucidating the mechanisms of action of several RLKs, with emerging paradigms pointing to their roles in cell adaptations. Among these paradigms, Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) proteins and their rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) peptide ligands have attracted much interest. In particular, FERONIA (FER) is a CrRLK1L protein that participates in a wide array of physiological processes associated with RALF signalling, including cell growth and monitoring cell wall integrity, RNA and energy metabolism, and phytohormone and stress responses. Here, we analyse FER in the context of CrRLK1L members and their ligands in multiple species. The FER working model raises many questions about the role of CrRLK1L signalling networks during cell adaptation. For example, how do CrRLK1Ls recognize various RALF peptides from different organisms to initiate specific phosphorylation signal cascades? How do RALF-FER complexes achieve their specific, sometimes opposite, functions in different cell types? Here, we summarize recent major findings and highlight future perspectives in the field of CrRLK1L signalling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qiong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Heping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Centre, Changsha, 410125, China
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Dubas E, Żur I, Moravčiková J, Fodor J, Krzewska M, Surówka E, Nowicka A, Gerši Z. Proteins, Small Peptides and Other Signaling Molecules Identified as Inconspicuous but Possibly Important Players in Microspores Reprogramming Toward Embryogenesis. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.745865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe and integrate the latest knowledge on the signaling role of proteins and peptides in the stress-induced microspore embryogenesis (ME) in some crop plants with agricultural importance (i.e., oilseed rape, tobacco, barley, wheat, rice, triticale, rye). Based on the results received from the most advanced omix analyses, we have selected some inconspicuous but possibly important players in microspores reprogramming toward embryogenic development. We provide an overview of the roles and downstream effect of stress-related proteins (e.g., β-1,3-glucanases, chitinases) and small signaling peptides, especially cysteine—(e.g., glutathione, γ-thionins, rapid alkalinization factor, lipid transfer, phytosulfokine) and glycine-rich peptides and other proteins (e.g., fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein) on acclimation ability of microspores and the cell wall reconstruction in a context of ME induction and haploids/doubled haploids (DHs) production. Application of these molecules, stimulating the induction and proper development of embryo-like structures and green plant regeneration, brings significant improvement of the effectiveness of DHs procedures and could result in its wider incorporation on a commercial scale. Recent advances in the design and construction of synthetic peptides–mainly cysteine-rich peptides and their derivatives–have accelerated the development of new DNA-free genome-editing techniques. These new systems are evolving incredibly fast and soon will find application in many areas of plant science and breeding.
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Moreau H, Zimmermann SD, Gaillard I, Paris N. pH biosensing in the plant apoplast-a focus on root cell elongation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:504-514. [PMID: 35237817 PMCID: PMC8491080 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The pH parameter of soil plays a key role for plant nutrition as it is affecting the availability of minerals and consequently determines plant growth. Although the mechanisms by which root perceive the external pH is still unknown, the impact of external pH on tissue growth has been widely studied especially in hypocotyl and root. Thanks to technological development of cell imaging and fluorescent sensors, we can now monitor pH in real time with at subcellular definition. In this focus, fluorescent dye-based, as well as genetically-encoded pH indicators are discussed especially with respect to their ability to monitor acidic pH in the context of primary root. The notion of apoplastic subdomains is discussed and suggestions are made to develop fluorescent indicators for pH values below 5.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortense Moreau
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Isabelle Gaillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadine Paris
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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Abarca A, Franck CM, Zipfel C. Family-wide evaluation of RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR peptides. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:996-1010. [PMID: 34608971 PMCID: PMC8491022 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant peptide hormones are important players that control various aspects of the lives of plants. RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides have recently emerged as important players in multiple physiological processes. Numerous studies have increased our understanding of the evolutionary processes that shaped the RALF family of peptides. Nevertheless, to date, there is no comprehensive, family-wide functional study on RALF peptides. Here, we analyzed the phylogeny of the proposed multigenic RALF peptide family in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), ecotype Col-0, and tested a variety of physiological responses triggered by RALFs. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals that two of the previously proposed RALF peptides are not genuine RALF peptides, which leads us to propose a revision to the consensus AtRALF peptide family annotation. We show that the majority of AtRALF peptides, when applied exogenously as synthetic peptides, induce seedling or root growth inhibition and modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Arabidopsis. Moreover, our findings suggest that alkalinization and growth inhibition are, generally, coupled characteristics of RALF peptides. Additionally, we show that for the majority of the peptides, these responses are genetically dependent on FERONIA, suggesting a pivotal role for this receptor kinase in the perception of multiple RALF peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Abarca
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina M. Franck
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK
- Author for communication:
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Kou X, Sun J, Wang P, Wang D, Cao P, Lin J, Chang Y, Zhang S, Wu J. PbrRALF2-elicited reactive oxygen species signaling is mediated by the PbrCrRLK1L13-PbrMPK18 module in pear pollen tubes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:222. [PMID: 34608125 PMCID: PMC8490453 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) are cysteine-rich peptides that play important roles in a variety of biological processes, such as cell elongation and immune signaling. Recent studies in Arabidopsis have shown that RALFs regulate pollen tube growth via plasma membrane receptor-like kinases (RLKs). However, the downstream signal transduction mechanisms of RLKs in pollen tubes are unknown. Here, we identified PbrRALF2, a pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) pollen RALF peptide that inhibits pollen tube growth. We found that PbrRALF2 interacts with a malectin-like domain-containing RLK, PbrCrRLK1L13. The relative affinity between PbrRALF2 and PbrCrRLK1L13 was at the submicromolar level, which is consistent with the values of ligand-receptor kinase pairs and the physiological concentration for PbrRALF2-mediated inhibition of pollen tube growth. After binding to its extracellular domain, PbrRALF2 activated the phosphorylation of PbrCrRLK1L13 in a dose-dependent manner. We further showed that the MAP kinase PbrMPK18 is a downstream target of PbrCrRLK1L13 that mediates PbrRALF2-elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The excessive accumulation of ROS inhibits pollen tube growth. We show that MPK acts as a mediator for CrRLK1L to stimulate ROS production, which might represent a general mechanism by which RALF and CrRLK1L function in signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Kou
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangmei Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Danqi Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Youhong Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China.
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47
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Okuda S. Molecular mechanisms of plant peptide binding to receptors. Peptides 2021; 144:170614. [PMID: 34332962 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved diverse peptide hormones and cognate receptors to orchestrate plant growth and development. Secreted peptide ligands are mainly sensed by membrane receptor kinases that mediate cell-cell communication. The secreted peptides are categorized into two groups: small linear post-translationally modified peptides and cysteine-rich peptides. The small linear peptides are recognized by the corresponding receptors and co-receptors in a conserved manner. By contrast, the cysteine-rich peptides are perceived by various types of receptor proteins using diverse binding modes. Recent studies have revealed the molecular and mechanistic origins of peptide recognition and receptor activation. This review summarizes plant-peptide binding modes and receptor-activation mechanisms that have been structurally characterized in recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satohiro Okuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Hou S, Liu D, He P. Phytocytokines function as immunological modulators of plant immunity. STRESS BIOLOGY 2021; 1:8. [PMID: 34806087 PMCID: PMC8591736 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plant plasma membrane-resident immune receptors regulate plant immunity by recognizing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and phytocytokines. Phytocytokines are plant endogenous peptides, which are usually produced in the cytosol and released into the apoplast when plant encounters pathogen infections. Phytocytokines regulate plant immunity through activating an overlapping signaling pathway with MAMPs/DAMPs with some unique features. Here, we highlight the current understanding of phytocytokine production, perception and functions in plant immunity, and discuss how plants and pathogens manipulate phytocytokine signaling for their own benefits during the plant-pathogen warfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo Hou
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Derui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
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Tanaka K, Heil M. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) in Plant Innate Immunity: Applying the Danger Model and Evolutionary Perspectives. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 59:53-75. [PMID: 33900789 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Danger signals trigger immune responses upon perception by a complex surveillance system. Such signals can originate from the infectious nonself or the damaged self, the latter termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Here, we apply Matzinger's danger model to plant innate immunity to discuss the adaptive advantages of DAMPs and their integration into preexisting signaling pathways. Constitutive DAMPs (cDAMPs), e.g., extracellular ATP, histones, and self-DNA, fulfill primary, conserved functions and adopt a signaling role only when cellular damage causes their fragmentation or localization to aberrant compartments. By contrast, immunomodulatory peptides (also known as phytocytokines) exclusively function as signals and, upon damage, are activated as inducible DAMPs (iDAMPs). Dynamic coevolutionary processes between the signals and their emerging receptors and shared co-receptors have likely linked danger recognition to preexisting, conserved downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwamu Tanaka
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, USA;
| | - Martin Heil
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV, 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
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50
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Slezina MP, Istomina EA, Korostyleva TV, Kovtun AS, Kasianov AS, Konopkin AA, Shcherbakova LA, Odintsova TI. Molecular Insights into the Role of Cysteine-Rich Peptides in Induced Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum Infection in Tomato Based on Transcriptome Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115741. [PMID: 34072144 PMCID: PMC8198727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) play an important role in plant physiology. However, their role in resistance induced by biogenic elicitors remains poorly understood. Using whole-genome transcriptome sequencing and our CRP search algorithm, we analyzed the repertoire of CRPs in tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. in response to Fusarium oxysporum infection and elicitors from F. sambucinum. We revealed 106 putative CRP transcripts belonging to different families of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), signaling peptides (RALFs), and peptides with non-defense functions (Major pollen allergen of Olea europaea (Ole e 1 and 6), Maternally Expressed Gene (MEG), Epidermal Patterning Factor (EPF)), as well as pathogenesis-related proteins of families 1 and 4 (PR-1 and 4). We discovered a novel type of 10-Cys-containing hevein-like AMPs named SlHev1, which was up-regulated both by infection and elicitors. Transcript profiling showed that F. oxysporum infection and F. sambucinum elicitors changed the expression levels of different overlapping sets of CRP genes, suggesting the diversification of functions in CRP families. We showed that non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) and snakins mostly contribute to the response of tomato plants to the infection and the elicitors. The involvement of CRPs with non-defense function in stress reactions was also demonstrated. The results obtained shed light on the mode of action of F. sambucinum elicitors and the role of CRP families in the immune response in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P. Slezina
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.S.); (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Istomina
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.S.); (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Tatyana V. Korostyleva
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.S.); (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexey S. Kovtun
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Artem S. Kasianov
- Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute for Information Transmission Problems RAS, 127051 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey A. Konopkin
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.S.); (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Larisa A. Shcherbakova
- Laboratory of Physiological Plant Pathology, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, B. Vyazyomy, 143050 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatyana I. Odintsova
- Laboratory of Molecular-Genetic Bases of Plant Immunity, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.S.); (E.A.I.); (T.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
- Correspondence:
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