1
|
Liao M, Yao D, Wu L, Luo C, Wang Z, Zhang J, Liu B. Targeting the Warburg effect: A revisited perspective from molecular mechanisms to traditional and innovative therapeutic strategies in cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:953-1008. [PMID: 38487001 PMCID: PMC10935242 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer reprogramming is an important facilitator of cancer development and survival, with tumor cells exhibiting a preference for aerobic glycolysis beyond oxidative phosphorylation, even under sufficient oxygen supply condition. This metabolic alteration, known as the Warburg effect, serves as a significant indicator of malignant tumor transformation. The Warburg effect primarily impacts cancer occurrence by influencing the aerobic glycolysis pathway in cancer cells. Key enzymes involved in this process include glucose transporters (GLUTs), HKs, PFKs, LDHs, and PKM2. Moreover, the expression of transcriptional regulatory factors and proteins, such as FOXM1, p53, NF-κB, HIF1α, and c-Myc, can also influence cancer progression. Furthermore, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circular RNAs play a vital role in directly regulating the Warburg effect. Additionally, gene mutations, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and immune system interactions are closely associated with the Warburg effect. Notably, the development of drugs targeting the Warburg effect has exhibited promising potential in tumor treatment. This comprehensive review presents novel directions and approaches for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients by conducting in-depth research and summarizing the bright prospects of targeting the Warburg effect in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minru Liao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dahong Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Lifeng Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaodan Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Z, Zhu J, Yang T, Tang W, Zheng X, Ji S, Ren Z, Lu F. Comprehensive analysis of the lncRNAs-related immune gene signatures and their correlation with immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1397-1408. [PMID: 37543671 PMCID: PMC10628174 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)-related immune genes (lrRIGs) play a crucial role in the development and progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, reliable prognostic signatures based on lrRIGs have not yet been identified. METHODS We screened lrRIGs associated with the prognosis of LUAD using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and then established a novel prognostic nine-gene signature composed of CD79A, INHA, SHC3, LIFR, TNFRSF11A, GPI, F2RL1, SEMA7A and WFDC2 through bioinformatic approaches. A risk score derived from this gene signature was used to divide LUAD patients into the low- and high-risk groups. The latter was confirmed to have markedly worse overall survival (O.S.). A nomogram was developed using the risk score and other independent prognostic elements, demonstrating excellent performance in predicting the O.S. rate of LUAD patients. RESULTS We observed that the infiltration of diverse immune cell subtypes and response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy significantly differed between the low- and high-risk groups. CONCLUSIONS Overall, stratification based on this gene signature could be used to guide better therapeutic management and improve outcomes for LUAD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Yang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jianling Zhu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Puyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Puyang, China
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhiguang Ren
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Feng Lu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiao J, Gao F, Liu J, Lv Z, Liu C. A structural basis for the functional differences between the cytosolic and plastid phosphoglucose isomerase isozymes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272647. [PMID: 36048814 PMCID: PMC9436075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) catalyzes the interconversion between glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose-6-phosphate (F6P), thereby regulating sucrose synthesis in plant cells. In general, plants contain a pair of PGI isozymes located in two distinct compartments of the cell (cytosol and plastid) with differences in both the primary structure and the higher-order structure. Previously, we showed that the activity of cytosolic PGI (PGIc) is more robust (activity, thermal stability, substrate turnover rate, etc.) than that of the plastid counterpart (PGIp) in multiple organisms, including wheat, rice, and Arabidopsis. The crystal structures of apoTaPGIc (an isotype cytosol PGIc in Triticum aestivum), TaPGIc-G6P complex, and apoTaPGIp (an isotype plastid PGIp in Triticum aestivum) were first solved in higher plants, especially in crops. In this study, we detailed the structural characteristics related to the biochemical properties and functions of TaPGIs in different plant organelles. We found that the C-terminal domains (CTDs) of TaPGIc and TaPGIp are very different, which affects the stability of the dimerized enzyme, and that Lys213TaPGIc/Lys193TaPGIp and its surrounding residues at the binding pocket gateway may participate in the entrance and exit of substrates. Our findings provide a good example illuminating the evolution of proteins from primary to higher structures as a result of physical barriers and adaptation to the biochemical environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Beijing, China
- Department of Research and development, Beijing IPE Center for Clinical Laboratory CO., Ltd, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (FG); (CL); (ZL)
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zongyang Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FG); (CL); (ZL)
| | - Cuimin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (FG); (CL); (ZL)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
'Warburg effect' controls tumor growth, bacterial, viral infections and immunity - Genetic deconstruction and therapeutic perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:334-346. [PMID: 35820598 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary pressure for life transitioning from extended periods of hypoxia to an increasingly oxygenated atmosphere initiated drastic selections for a variety of biochemical pathways supporting the robust life currently present on the planet. First, we discuss how fermentative glycolysis, a primitive metabolic pathway present at the emergence of life, is instrumental for the rapid growth of cancer, regenerating tissues, immune cells but also bacteria and viruses during infections. The 'Warburg effect', activated via Myc and HIF-1 in response to growth factors and hypoxia, is an essential metabolic and energetic pathway which satisfies nutritional and energetic demands required for rapid genome replication. Second, we present the key role of lactic acid, the end-product of fermentative glycolysis able to move across cell membranes in both directions via monocarboxylate transporting proteins (i.e. MCT1/4) contributing to cell-pH homeostasis but also to the complex immune response via acidosis of the tumour microenvironment. Importantly lactate is recycled in multiple organs as a major metabolic precursor of gluconeogenesis and energy source protecting cells and animals from harsh nutritional or oxygen restrictions. Third, we revisit the Warburg effect via CRISPR-Cas9 disruption of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI-KO) or lactate dehydrogenases (LDHA/B-DKO) in two aggressive tumours (melanoma B16-F10, human adenocarcinoma LS174T). Full suppression of lactic acid production reduces but does not suppress tumour growth due to reactivation of OXPHOS. In contrast, disruption of the lactic acid transporters MCT1/4 suppressed glycolysis, mTORC1, and tumour growth as a result of intracellular acidosis. Finally, we briefly discuss the current clinical developments of an MCT1 specific drug AZ3965, and the recent progress for a specific in vivo MCT4 inhibitor, two drugs of very high potential for future cancer clinical applications.
Collapse
|
5
|
Singhal SK, Byun JS, Yan T, Yancey R, Caban A, Gil Hernandez S, Bufford S, Hewitt SM, Winfield J, Pradhan JS, Mustkov V, McDonald JA, Pérez-Stable EJ, Napoles AM, Vohra N, De Siervi A, Yates C, Davis MB, Yang M, Tsai YC, Weissman AM, Gardner K. Protein expression of the gp78 E3-ligase predicts poor breast cancer outcome based on race. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157465. [PMID: 35639484 PMCID: PMC9310521 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Women of African ancestry suffer higher rates of breast cancer mortality compared to all other groups in the United States. Though the precise reasons for these disparities remain unclear, many recent studies have implicated a role for differences in tumor biology. Using an epitope-validated antibody against the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) E3 ubiquitin ligase, gp78, we show that elevated levels of gp78 in patient breast cancer cells predict poor survival. Moreover, high levels of gp78 are associated with poor outcomes in both ER-positive and ER-negative tumors, and breast cancers expressing elevated amounts of gp78 protein are enriched in gene expression pathways that influence cell cycle, metabolism, receptor-mediated signaling, and cell stress response pathways. In multivariate analysis adjusted for subtype and grade, gp78 protein is an independent predictor of poor outcomes in women of African ancestry. Furthermore, gene expression signatures, derived from patients stratified by gp78 protein expression, are strong predictors of recurrence and pathological complete response in retrospective clinical trial data and share many common features with gene sets previously identified to be overrepresented in breast cancers based on race. These findings implicate a prominent role for gp78 in tumor progression and offer new insights into our understanding of racial differences in breast cancer outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Singhal
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, United States of America
| | - Jung S Byun
- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Tingfen Yan
- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Ryan Yancey
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Ambar Caban
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Sara Gil Hernandez
- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Sediqua Bufford
- Masters of Science Biotechnology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Joy Winfield
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Jaya Sarin Pradhan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Vesco Mustkov
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Jasmine A McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Eliseo J Pérez-Stable
- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Anna Maria Napoles
- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Nasreen Vohra
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States of America
| | - Adriana De Siervi
- Directora del Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéut, CONICET, Buenos Aiers, Argentina
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, United States of America
| | - Melissa B Davis
- Department of Surgery (Breast Surgery & Oncology), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Mei Yang
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, United States of America
| | - Yien Che Tsai
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, United States of America
| | - Allan M Weissman
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, United States of America
| | - Kevin Gardner
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tang W, Lu Q, Zhu J, Zheng X, Fang N, Ji S, Lu F. Identification of a Prognostic Signature Composed of GPI, IL22RA1, CCT6A and SPOCK1 for Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on Bioinformatic Analysis of lncRNA-Mediated ceRNA Network and Sample Validation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:844691. [PMID: 35433415 PMCID: PMC9012227 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.844691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality in China and worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) play an essential role in the occurrence and development of LUAD. However, identifying lncRNA-related biomarkers to improve the accuracy of LUAD prognosis remains to be determined. This study downloaded RNA sequence data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and identified the differential RNAs by bioinformatics. A total of 214 lncRNA, 198 miRNA and 2989 mRNA were differentially identified between LUAD and adjacent nontumor samples. According to the ceRNA hypothesis, we constructed a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network including 95 protein-coding mRNAs, 7 lncRNAs and 15 miRNAs, and found 24 node genes in this network were significantly associated with the overall survival of LUAD patients. Subsequently, through LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses, a four-gene prognostic signature composed of GPI, IL22RA1, CCT6A and SPOCK1 was developed based on the node genes of the lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network, demonstrating high performance in predicting the survival and chemotherapeutic responses of low- and high-risk LUAD patients. Finally, independent prognostic factors were further analyzed and combined into a well-executed nomogram that showed strong potential for clinical applications. In summary, the data from the current study suggested that the four-gene signature obtained from analysis of lncRNA-mediated ceRNA could serve as a reliable biomarker for LUAD prognosis and evaluation of chemotherapeutic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Tang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiaonan Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianling Zhu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Puyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Puyang, China
| | - Na Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jeoung NH, Jo AL, Park HS. The effect of autocrine motility factor alone and in combination with methyl jasmonate on liver cancer cell growth. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1711-1715. [PMID: 33988672 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic cells secrete autocrine motility factor (AMF) to stimulate the motility of cancer cells. In this study, AMF secreted from HT-29 colorectal cancer cells selectively suppressed liver cancer cells by downregulating pAKT and β-catenin. In addition, HT-29 AMF significantly augmented the activity of methyl jasmonate against liver cancer cells and is a promising alternative for liver cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nam Ho Jeoung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Ae Lim Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Hee Sung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
40 Years of RAS-A Historic Overview. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050681. [PMID: 34062774 PMCID: PMC8147265 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been over forty years since the isolation of the first human oncogene (HRAS), a crucial milestone in cancer research made possible through the combined efforts of a few selected research groups at the beginning of the 1980s. Those initial discoveries led to a quantitative leap in our understanding of cancer biology and set up the onset of the field of molecular oncology. The following four decades of RAS research have produced a huge pool of new knowledge about the RAS family of small GTPases, including how they regulate signaling pathways controlling many cellular physiological processes, or how oncogenic mutations trigger pathological conditions, including developmental syndromes or many cancer types. However, despite the extensive body of available basic knowledge, specific effective treatments for RAS-driven cancers are still lacking. Hopefully, recent advances involving the discovery of novel pockets on the RAS surface as well as highly specific small-molecule inhibitors able to block its interaction with effectors and/or activators may lead to the development of new, effective treatments for cancer. This review intends to provide a quick, summarized historical overview of the main milestones in RAS research spanning from the initial discovery of the viral RAS oncogenes in rodent tumors to the latest attempts at targeting RAS oncogenes in various human cancers.
Collapse
|
9
|
Synergistic effects of autocrine motility factor and methyl jasmonate on human breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 558:22-28. [PMID: 33894674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Autocrine motility factor (AMF) stimulates the motility of cancer cells via an autocrine route and has been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. Overexpression of AMF is correlated with the aggressive nature of breast cancer and is negatively associated with clinical outcomes. In contrast, AMF also has the ability to suppress cancer cells. In this study, AMFs from different cancer cells were demonstrated to have suppressive activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In a growth and colony formation assay, AMF from AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells (ASPC-1:AMF) was determined to be more suppressive compared to other AMFs. It was also demonstrated that AsPC-1:AMF could arrest breast cancer cells at the G0/G1 cell cycle phase. Quantified by Western blot analysis, AsPC-1:AMF lowered levels of the AMF receptor (AMFR) and G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), concomitantly regulating the activation of the AKT and ERK signaling pathways. JAK/STAT activation was also decreased. These results were found in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 cells but not in triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that AsPC-1:AMF could work through multiple pathways led to apoptosis. More importantly, AsPC-1:AMF and methyl jasmonate (MJ) cooperatively and synergistically acted against breast cancer cells. Thus, AMF alone or along with MJ may be a promising breast cancer treatment option.
Collapse
|
10
|
Autocrine motility factor and its receptor expression in musculoskeletal tumors. J Bone Oncol 2020; 24:100318. [PMID: 33101887 PMCID: PMC7574284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of Autocrine Motility factor (AMF) and its receptor (AMFR), both triggering tumor invasion and metastasis, may alter the therapeutic concept. Here, in this review, we show a novel outlook suggesting a cross-talking between musculoskeletal tumors and the skeletal milieu regulated by AMF-AMFR signaling. This review will highlight the pharmacological need for AMF and AMFR inhibitors for patients with malignant musculoskeletal tumors.
Management of aggressive malignant musculoskeletal tumors is clinically challenging and awaits the identification of regulator(s) that can be therapeutically used to improve patient outcome. Autocrine motility factor (AMF), a secreted cytokine, is known to alter the bone microenvironment by linking to its receptor AMFR (AMF Receptor), leading to tumor progression. It was noted that both the ligand and its receptor belong to the moonlighting family of proteins, as they contribute to intracellular metabolic function such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis by expressing glucose-6-phosphate isomerase AMF/GPI and higher protein degradation by expressing AMFR/gp78 functioning as ubiquitin ligase activity. Thus, AMF/GPI and AMFR/gp78 contribute to higher metabolic turnover of protein and glucose. Recently, a large-scale cohort study including 23 different histological types of musculoskeletal tumors revealed that patients with osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and angiosarcoma tend to express higher levels of AMF, whereas multiple myeloma patients expressed high levels of AMFR. Consistently, the cellular data showed that a variety of musculoskeletal tumors express AMF and components of bone microenvironment express AMFR. Thus, a novel outlook suggests a cellular link and cross-talk between musculoskeletal tumors and the skeletal milieu are regulated by AMF-AMFR signaling. This review will highlight the pharmacological need for AMF and AMFR inhibitors as unmet medical needs for patients with malignant musculoskeletal tumors.
Collapse
|
11
|
Secreted phosphoglucose isomerase is a novel biomarker of nonalcoholic fatty liver in mice and humans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:1101-1105. [PMID: 32819571 PMCID: PMC7469084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current gold standard for diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is through a liver biopsy, and there is an urgent need to develop non-invasive methods for early detection. We previously demonstrated metabolic remodeling in the mouse fatty liver, which is marked by increased hepatic expression and activities of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) and several other glycolytic enzymes. Since PGI is actively transported out of the cell, acting as a multifunctional cytokine referred to as autocrine motility factor (AMF), we explored the possibility that PGI secreted from the fatty liver may be targeted for early detection of the silent disease. We report here that mice with NASH exhibited significantly elevated serum PGI enzyme activities compared to normal control (P < 0.005). We further confirmed the finding using serum/plasma samples (n = 73) collected from a cohort of NASH patients who were diagnosed according to Kleiner’s criteria, showing a normal mean PGI of 19.5 ± 8.8 IU/L and patient mean PGI of 105.6 ± 79.9 IU/L (P < 0.005). In addition, elevated blood PGI in NASH patients coincided with increased blood L-lactate. Cell culture experiments were then conducted to delineate the PGI-lactate axis, which revealed that treatment of HepG2 cells with recombinant PGI protein stimulated glycolysis and lactate output, suggesting that the disease-induced PGI likely contributed to the increased lactate in NASH patients. Taken together, the preclinical and clinical data validate secreted PGI as a useful biomarker of the fatty liver that can be easily screened at the point of care.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ahmad L, Plancqueel S, Lazar N, Korri-Youssoufi H, Li de la Sierra-Gallay I, van Tilbeurgh H, Salmon L. Novel N-substituted 5-phosphate-d-arabinonamide derivatives as strong inhibitors of phosphoglucose isomerases: Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and crystallographic studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104048. [PMID: 32682158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of d-glucose 6-phosphate and d-fructose 6-phosphate in glycolysis. Outside the cell, PGI is also known as autocrine motility factor (AMF), a cytokine secreted by a large variety of tumor cells that stimulates motility of cancer cells in vitro and metastases development in vivo. Human PGI and AMF are strictly identical proteins both in terms of sequence and 3D structure, and AMF activity is known to involve, at least in part, the enzymatic active site. Hence, with the purpose of finding new strong AMF-PGI inhibitors that could be potentially used as anticancer agents and/or as bioreceptors for carbohydrate-based electrochemical biosensors, we report in this study the synthesis and kinetic evaluation of several new human PGI inhibitors derived from the synthon 5-phospho-d-arabinono-1,4-lactone. Although not designed as high-energy intermediate analogue inhibitors of the enzyme catalyzed isomerization reaction, several of these N-substituted 5-phosphate-d-arabinonamide derivatives appears as new strong PGI inhibitors. For one of them, we report its crystal structure in complex with human PGI at 2.38 Å. Detailed analysis of its interactions at the active site reveals a new binding mode and shows that human PGI is relatively tolerant for modified inhibitors at the "head" C-1 part, offering promising perspectives for the future design of carbohydrate-based biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lama Ahmad
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Equipe de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, CNRS UMR8182, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, bât. 420, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Plancqueel
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), CNRS UMR9198, Université Paris-Saclay, Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, bât. 430, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Noureddine Lazar
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), CNRS UMR9198, Université Paris-Saclay, Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, bât. 430, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Hafsa Korri-Youssoufi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Equipe de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, CNRS UMR8182, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, bât. 420, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Inès Li de la Sierra-Gallay
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), CNRS UMR9198, Université Paris-Saclay, Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, bât. 430, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Herman van Tilbeurgh
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), CNRS UMR9198, Université Paris-Saclay, Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, bât. 430, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Salmon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Equipe de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, CNRS UMR8182, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Saclay, Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, bât. 420, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tanie Y, Kuboyama T, Tohda C. GRP78-Mediated Signaling Contributes to Axonal Growth Resulting in Motor Function Recovery in Spinal Cord-Injured Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:789. [PMID: 32547396 PMCID: PMC7273965 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting axonal growth is essential for repairing damaged neuronal connections and motor function in spinal cord injury (SCI). Neuroleukin (NLK) exerts axonal growth activity in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study reveals that the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a NLK neuronal receptor that contributes to recovery from SCI. Binding and immunoprecipitation assays indicated that NLK binds to GRP78. Pretreatment to cultured neurons with a GRP78-neutralizing antibody suppressed NLK-induced axonal growth. Blocking cell surface GRP78 inhibited neuronal NLK-induced Akt activation. Treatment with an Akt inhibitor suppressed NLK-induced axonal growth. Continuous administration of NLK into the lateral ventricle of SCI mice increased axonal density in the injured region and restored motor function, which was not observed when NLK was simultaneously administered with a GRP78-neutralizing antibody. These results indicate that GRP78 regulates the NLK-induced axonal growth activity; NLK-GRP78 signaling promotes motor function recovery in SCI, presenting as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tanie
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Division of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Kuboyama
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Division of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tohda
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Division of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Luo Y, Xu T, Xie HQ, Guo Z, Zhang W, Chen Y, Sha R, Liu Y, Ma Y, Xu L, Zhao B. Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on spontaneous movement of human neuroblastoma cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136805. [PMID: 32041038 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays important roles in the interferences of dioxin exposure with the occurrence and development of tumors. Neuroblastoma is a kind of malignant tumor with high mortality and its occurrence is getting higher in dioxin exposed populations. However, there is still a lack of direct evidence of influences of dioxin on neuroblastoma cell migration. SK-N-SH is a human neuroblastoma cell line which has been used to reveal 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced dysregulation of certain promigratory gene. Thus, in this study, we employed SK-N-SH cells to investigate the effects of TCDD on the spontaneous movement of neuroblastoma cells, which is a short-range cell migratory behavior related to clone formation and tumor metastasis in vitro. Using unlabeled live cell imaging and high content analysis, we characterized the spontaneous movement under a full-nutrient condition in SK-N-SH cells. We found that the spontaneous movement of SK-N-SH cells was inhibited after 36- or 48-h treatment with TCDD at relative low concentrations (10-10 or 2 × 10-10 M). The TCDD-treated cells were unable to move as freely as that of control cells, resulting in less diffusive trajectories and a decreased displacement of the movement. In line with this cellular effect, the expression of pro-adhesive genes was significantly induced in time- and concentration-dependent manners after TCDD treatment. In addition, with the presence of AhR antagonist, CH223191, the effects of TCDD on the gene expression and the spontaneous cell movement were effectively reversed. Thus, we proposed that AhR-mediated up-regulation of pro-adhesive genes might be involved in the inhibitory effects of dioxin on the spontaneous movement of neuroblastoma cells. To our knowledge, this is the first piece of direct evidence about the influence of dioxin on neuroblastoma cell motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Wanglong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongchao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
High-throughput single-cell activity-based screening and sequencing of antibodies using droplet microfluidics. Nat Biotechnol 2020; 38:715-721. [PMID: 32231335 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mining the antibody repertoire of plasma cells and plasmablasts could enable the discovery of useful antibodies for therapeutic or research purposes1. We present a method for high-throughput, single-cell screening of IgG-secreting primary cells to characterize antibody binding to soluble and membrane-bound antigens. CelliGO is a droplet microfluidics system that combines high-throughput screening for IgG activity, using fluorescence-based in-droplet single-cell bioassays2, with sequencing of paired antibody V genes, using in-droplet single-cell barcoded reverse transcription. We analyzed IgG repertoire diversity, clonal expansion and somatic hypermutation in cells from mice immunized with a vaccine target, a multifunctional enzyme or a membrane-bound cancer target. Immunization with these antigens yielded 100-1,000 IgG sequences per mouse. We generated 77 recombinant antibodies from the identified sequences and found that 93% recognized the soluble antigen and 14% the membrane antigen. The platform also allowed recovery of ~450-900 IgG sequences from ~2,200 IgG-secreting activated human memory B cells, activated ex vivo, demonstrating its versatility.
Collapse
|
16
|
Park HS, Jeoung NH. Autocrine motility factor secreted by HeLa cells inhibits the growth of many cancer cells by regulating AKT/ERK signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:557-562. [PMID: 32113681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In cell competition, a secreted death signal can determine cell fate. However, the nature of such a signal remains unclear. In this study, conditioned medium from HeLa cells (HeLa CM) inhibited growth of A549 and MCF-7 cells. Through HeLa CM fractionation, glucose 6-phosphate isomerase/autocrine motility factor (GPI/AMF) was identified as the main growth inhibitor. Previously, AMF was known for its mitogenic, motogenic, and differentiation functions and was implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. HeLa CM lost its growth inhibitory property after treatment with erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P) or anti-GPI antibody. Purified HeLa recombinant AMF (rAMF) proteins inhibited the growth of A549, MDA-MB-232, MCF-7, AsPC-1, DU145, Hep-2, Hep G2, and HT-29 cells. However, growth of HL-60, SKOV3, U-87 MG, SNU-484, U-87 MG, and 3T3-L1 cells was little affected. In a Transwell assay, HeLa rAMF effectively reduced A549 cell migration and invasion. HeLa rAMF effectively induced apoptosis in A549 cells, apparently by reducing the levels of Bcl-2, GPI, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)14 and activating caspase-3 and p53. HeLa rAMF antagonized HER2 and the AMF receptor (AMFR or GP78) in relation to the AKT/EKT signaling pathway. These results suggest that HeLa AMF could act as a diffusible death signal that could induce cancer cell-selective growth inhibition and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sung Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyungsan, 38430, South Korea.
| | - Nam Ho Jeoung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyungsan, 38430, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang J, Ren B, Yang G, Wang H, Chen G, You L, Zhang T, Zhao Y. The enhancement of glycolysis regulates pancreatic cancer metastasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:305-321. [PMID: 31432232 PMCID: PMC11104916 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is prone to distant metastasis and is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death. In an extremely nutrient-deficient and hypoxic environment resulting from uncontrolled growth, vascular disturbances and desmoplastic reactions, pancreatic cancer cells utilize "metabolic reprogramming" to satisfy their energy demand and support malignant behaviors such as metastasis. Notably, pancreatic cancer cells show extensive enhancement of glycolysis, including glycolytic enzyme overexpression and increased lactate production, and this is caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, cancer driver genes, specific transcription factors, a hypoxic tumor microenvironment and stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages. The metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells regulates the invasion-metastasis cascade by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor angiogenesis and the metastatic colonization of distant organs. In addition to aerobic glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation also plays a critical role in pancreatic cancer metastasis in ways that remain unclear. In this review, we expound on the intracellular and extracellular causes of the enhancement of glycolysis in pancreatic cancer and the strong association between glycolysis and cancer metastasis, which we expect will yield new therapeutic approaches targeting cancer metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinshou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pirovich D, Da'dara AA, Skelly PJ. Why Do Intravascular Schistosomes Coat Themselves in Glycolytic Enzymes? Bioessays 2019; 41:e1900103. [PMID: 31661165 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomes are intravascular parasitic helminths (blood flukes) that infect more than 200 million people globally. Proteomic analysis of the tegument (skin) of these worms has revealed the surprising presence of glycolytic enzymes on the parasite's external surface. Immunolocalization data as well as enzyme activity displayed by live worms confirm that functional glycolytic enzymes are indeed expressed at the host-parasite interface. Since these enzymes are traditionally considered to function intracellularly to drive glycolysis, in an extracellular location they are hypothesized to engage in novel "moonlighting" functions such as immune modulation and blood clot dissolution that promote parasite survival. For instance, several glycolytic enzymes can interact with plasminogen and promote its activation to the thrombolytic plasmin; some can inhibit complement function; some induce B cell proliferation or macrophage apoptosis. Several pathogenic bacteria and protists also express glycolytic enzymes externally, suggesting that moonlighting functions of extracellular glycolytic enzymes can contribute broadly to pathogen virulence. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/njtWZ2y3k_I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Pirovich
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Akram A Da'dara
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Patrick J Skelly
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kathagen-Buhmann A, Maire CL, Weller J, Schulte A, Matschke J, Holz M, Ligon KL, Glatzel M, Westphal M, Lamszus K. The secreted glycolytic enzyme GPI/AMF stimulates glioblastoma cell migration and invasion in an autocrine fashion but can have anti-proliferative effects. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1594-1605. [PMID: 30053149 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aerobic glycolysis confers several advantages to tumor cells, including shunting of metabolites into anabolic pathways. In glioblastoma cells, hypoxia induces a flux shift from the pentose phosphate pathway toward glycolysis and a switch from proliferation to migration. The mechanistic link between glycolysis and migration is poorly understood. Since glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) is identical to the secreted cytokine autocrine motility factor (AMF), we investigated whether GPI/AMF regulates glioblastoma cell invasion. Methods The expression and hypoxic regulation of GPI/AMF and its receptor AMFR were analyzed in glioblastoma tissue and cell lines. Functional effects were studied in vitro and in xenograft models. Results High GPI/AMF expression in glioblastomas was found to be associated with a worse patient prognosis, and levels were highest in hypoxic pseudopalisades. Hypoxia upregulated both GPI/AMF and AMFR expression as well as GPI/AMF secretion in vitro. GPI/AMF stimulated cell migration in an autocrine fashion, and GPI/AMF expression was upregulated in migratory cells but reduced in rapidly proliferating cells. Knockdown or inhibition of GPI/AMF reduced glioblastoma cell migration but in part stimulated proliferation. In a highly invasive orthotopic glioblastoma model, GPI/AMF knockdown reduced tumor cell invasion but did not prolong survival. In a highly proliferative model, knockdown tumors were even larger and more proliferative than controls; however, perivascular invasion, provoked by simultaneous bevacizumab treatment, was reduced. Conclusions GPI/AMF is a potent motogen for glioblastoma cells, explaining in part the association between glycolysis and migration. Targeting GPI/AMF is, however, problematic, since beneficial anti-invasive effects may be outweighed by unintended mitogenic effects. Key Points 1.Increased glycolysis is linked with increased cell migration and invasion in glioblastoma cells. 2.The glycolysis enzyme GPI/AMF may serve as a target for antimetabolic and anti-invasive therapy. 3.Despite reducing tumor invasion, GPI/AMF targeting may have unwanted growth stimulatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecile L Maire
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Weller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schulte
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Matschke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mareike Holz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Escobar-Henriques M, Joaquim M. Mitofusins: Disease Gatekeepers and Hubs in Mitochondrial Quality Control by E3 Ligases. Front Physiol 2019; 10:517. [PMID: 31156446 PMCID: PMC6533591 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles engaged in quality control and aging processes. They constantly undergo fusion, fission, transport, and anchoring events, which empower mitochondria with a very interactive behavior. The membrane remodeling processes needed for fusion require conserved proteins named mitofusins, MFN1 and MFN2 in mammals and Fzo1 in yeast. They are the first determinants deciding on whether communication and content exchange between different mitochondrial populations should occur. Importantly, each cell possesses hundreds of mitochondria, with a different severity of mitochondrial mutations or dysfunctional proteins, which potentially spread damage to the entire network. Therefore, the degree of their merging capacity critically influences cellular fitness. In turn, the mitochondrial network rapidly and dramatically changes in response to metabolic and environmental cues. Notably, cancer or obesity conditions, and stress experienced by neurons and cardiomyocytes, for example, triggers the downregulation of mitofusins and thus fragmentation of mitochondria. This places mitofusins upfront in sensing and transmitting stress. In fact, mitofusins are almost entirely exposed to the cytoplasm, a topology suitable for a critical relay point in information exchange between mitochondria and their cellular environment. Consistent with their topology, mitofusins are either activated or repressed by cytosolic post-translational modifiers, mainly by ubiquitin. Ubiquitin is a ubiquitous small protein orchestrating multiple quality control pathways, which is covalently attached to lysine residues in its substrates, or in ubiquitin itself. Importantly, from a chain of events also mediated by E1 and E2 enzymes, E3 ligases perform the ultimate and determinant step in substrate choice. Here, we review the ubiquitin E3 ligases that modify mitofusins. Two mitochondrial E3 enzymes—March5 and MUL1—one ligase located to the ER—Gp78—and finally three cytosolic enzymes—MGRN1, HUWE1, and Parkin—were shown to ubiquitylate mitofusins, in response to a variety of cellular inputs. The respective outcomes on mitochondrial morphology, on contact sites to the endoplasmic reticulum and on destructive processes, like mitophagy or apoptosis, are presented. Ultimately, understanding the mechanisms by which E3 ligases and mitofusins sense and bi-directionally signal mitochondria-cytosolic dysfunctions could pave the way for therapeutic approaches in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and obesity-linked diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Escobar-Henriques
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mariana Joaquim
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Carvalho TM, Cardoso HJ, Figueira MI, Vaz CV, Socorro S. The peculiarities of cancer cell metabolism: A route to metastasization and a target for therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:343-363. [PMID: 30928707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed the peculiarities of metabolic reprogramming in tumour onset and progression, and their relevance in cancer therapy. Also, it has been indicated that the metastatic process may depend on the metabolic rewiring and adaptation of cancer cells to the pressure of tumour microenvironment and limiting nutrient availability. The present review gatherers the existent knowledge on the influence of tumour microenvironment and metabolic routes driving metastasis. A focus will be given to glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, glutaminolysis, and amino acid handling. In addition, the role of metabolic waste driving metastasization will be explored. Finally, we discuss the status of cancer treatment approaches targeting metabolism. This knowledge revision will highlight the critical metabolic targets in metastasis and the chemicals already used in preclinical studies and clinical trials, providing clues that would be further exploited in medicinal chemistry research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ma Carvalho
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Henrique J Cardoso
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marília I Figueira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia V Vaz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang HC, Wen XZ, Xue H, Chen RS, Ji JF, Xu L. Phosphoglucose isomerase gene expression as a prognostic biomarker of gastric cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2019; 31:771-784. [PMID: 31814681 PMCID: PMC6856704 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.05.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Tumor heterogeneity renders identification of suitable biomarkers of gastric cancer (GC) challenging. Here, we aimed to identify prognostic genes of GC using computational analysis. Methods We first used microarray technology to profile gene expression of GC and paired nontumor tissues from 198 patients. Based on these profiles and patients' clinical information, we next identified prognostic genes using novel computational approaches. Phosphoglucose isomerase, also known as glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), which ranked first among 27 candidate genes, was further investigated by a new analytical tool namely enviro-geno-pheno-state (E-GPS) analysis. Suitability of GPI as a prognostic marker, and its relationship with physiological processes such as metabolism, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as drug sensitivity were evaluated using both our own and independent public datasets. Results We found that higher expression of GPI in GC correlated with prolonged survival of patients. Particularly, a combination of CDH2 and GPI expression effectively stratified the outcomes of patients with TNM stage II/III. Down-regulation of GPI in tumor tissues correlated well with depressed glucose metabolism and fatty acid synthesis, as well as enhanced fatty acid oxidation and creatine metabolism, indicating that GPI represents a suitable marker for increased probability of EMT in GC cells. Conclusions Our findings strongly suggest that GPI acts as a novel biomarker candidate for GC prognosis, allowing greatly enhanced clinical management of GC patients. The potential metabolic rewiring correlated with GPI also provides new insights into studying the relationship between cancer metabolism and patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chen Huang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xian-Zi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Hua Xue
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Run-Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Guangdong Geneway Decoding Bio-Tech Co.Ltd, Foshan 528316, China
| | - Jia-Fu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Centre for Cognitive Machines and Computational Health (CMaCH), School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nowak N, Kulma A, Gutowicz J. Up-regulation of Key Glycolysis Proteins in Cancer Development. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:569-581. [PMID: 33817128 PMCID: PMC7874691 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In rapid proliferating cancer cells, there is a need for fast ATP and lactate production, therefore cancer cells turn off oxidative phosphorylation and turn on the so called "Warburg effect". This regulating the expression of genes involved in glycolysis. According to many studies, glucose transporter 1, which supplies glucose to the cell, is the most abundantly expressed transporter in cancer cells. Hexokinase 2, is one of four hexokinase isoenzymes, is also another highly expressed enzyme in cancer cells and it functions to enhance the glycolytic rate. The up-regulation of these two proteins has been established as an important factor in promoting development and metastasis in many types of cancer. Furthermore, other enzymes involved in glycolysis pathway such as phosphoglucose isomerase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, exhibit additional functions in promoting tumor growth in a non-glycolytic way. This review demonstrates the pivotal role of GLUT1, HK2, PGI and GAPDH in cancer development. In particular, we look at how the multifunctional proteins, PGI and GAPDH, affect cancer cell survival. We also present various clinical cancer cases in terms of the overexpression of selected proteins, which may be considered as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nowak
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Department of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Gutowicz
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tanie Y, Tanabe N, Kuboyama T, Tohda C. Extracellular Neuroleukin Enhances Neuroleukin Secretion From Astrocytes and Promotes Axonal Growth in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1228. [PMID: 30459611 PMCID: PMC6232869 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Under pathological conditions in the central nervous system (CNS), including spinal cord injury, astrocytes show detrimental effects against neurons. It is also known that astrocytes sometimes exert beneficial effects, such as neuroprotection and secretion of axonal growth factors. If beneficial effects of astrocytes after injury could be induced, dysfunction of the injured CNS may improve. However, a way of promoting beneficial functions in astrocytes has not been elucidated. In the current study, we focused on neuroleukin (NLK), which is known to have axonal growth activities in neurons. Although NLK is secreted from astrocytes, the function of NLK in astrocytes is poorly understood. We aimed to clarify the mechanism of NLK secretion in astrocytes and the functional significance of secreted NLK from astrocytes. Stimulation of cultured astrocytes with recombinant NLK significantly elevated the secretion of NLK from astrocytes. Furthermore, astrocyte conditioned medium treated with NLK increased axonal density in cultured cortical neurons. Recombinant NLK itself directly increased axonal density in cultured neurons. These results indicated that NLK secreted from astrocytes acted as an axonal growth factor and that secretion was stimulated by extracellular NLK. To elucidate a direct binding molecule of NLK on astrocytes, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) analysis was performed. A 78 kDa glucose regulated protein (GRP78) was identified as a receptor for NLK, which was related to the secretion of NLK from astrocytes. When NLK was injected into the lesion site of spinal cord injured mice, axonal density in the injured region was significantly increased and hindlimb motor function improved. These results suggested that NLK-GRP78 signalling was important for the beneficial effects of astrocytes. This study strengthens the potential of astrocytes for use as therapeutic targets in CNS traumatic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tanie
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Norio Tanabe
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Kuboyama
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tohda
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ma YT, Xing XF, Dong B, Cheng XJ, Guo T, Du H, Wen XZ, Ji JF. Higher autocrine motility factor/glucose-6-phosphate isomerase expression is associated with tumorigenesis and poorer prognosis in gastric cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4969-4980. [PMID: 30464597 PMCID: PMC6208529 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s177441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) is a glycolytic-related enzyme that inter-converts glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate in the cytoplasm. This protein is also secreted into the extracellular matrix by cancer cells and is, therefore, also called autocrine motility factor (AMF). Methods To clarify the roles of AMF/GPI in gastric cancer (GC), we collected 335 GC tissues and the corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues, performed immunohistochemical studies, and analyzed the relationship between AMF/GPI expression and the patients’ clinicopathologic features. Results AMF/GPI expression was found to be significantly higher in the GC group than in the corresponding noncancerous tissue group (P<0.001). Additionally, AMF/GPI expression positively associated with a higher TNM stage and poorer prognosis in patients. Through Kaplan–Meier analysis and according to the Oncomine database, we found that AMF/GPI was overexpressed in GC tissues compared to normal mucosa, and the patients with higher AMF/GPI expression had poorer outcomes. We used AMF/GPI-silenced GC cell lines to observe how changes in AMP/GPI affect cellular phenotypes. AMF/GPI knockdown suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis, and induced apoptosis in GC cells. Conclusion These findings suggest that AMF/GPI overexpression is involved in carcinogenesis and promotes the aggressive phenotypes of GC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Teng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China, , .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China,
| | - Xiao-Fang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China, ,
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Pathology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China, ,
| | - Ting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China, ,
| | - Hong Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China, ,
| | - Xian-Zi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China, ,
| | - Jia-Fu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China, , .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moon HW, Han HG, Jeon YJ. Protein Quality Control in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3020. [PMID: 30282948 PMCID: PMC6213883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential compartment of the biosynthesis, folding, assembly, and trafficking of secretory and transmembrane proteins, and consequently, eukaryotic cells possess specialized machineries to ensure that the ER enables the proteins to acquire adequate folding and maturation for maintaining protein homeostasis, a process which is termed proteostasis. However, a large variety of physiological and pathological perturbations lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, which is referred to as ER stress. To resolve ER stress and restore proteostasis, cells have evolutionary conserved protein quality-control machineries of the ER, consisting of the unfolded protein response (UPR) of the ER, ER-associated degradation (ERAD), and autophagy. Furthermore, protein quality-control machineries of the ER play pivotal roles in the control of differentiation, progression of cell cycle, inflammation, immunity, and aging. Therefore, severe and non-resolvable ER stress is closely associated with tumor development, aggressiveness, and response to therapies for cancer. In this review, we highlight current knowledge in the molecular understanding and physiological relevance of protein quality control of the ER and discuss new insights into how protein quality control of the ER is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, which could contribute to therapeutic intervention in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Hye Gyeong Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Young Joo Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li Y, Zhu M, Huo Y, Zhang X, Liao M. Anti-fibrosis activity of combination therapy with epigallocatechin gallate, taurine and genistein by regulating glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and ribosomal and lysosomal signaling pathways in HSC-T6 cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4329-4338. [PMID: 30542382 PMCID: PMC6257822 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study by our group indicated that combined treatment with taurine, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and genistein protects against liver fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the antifibrotic mechanism of this combination treatment using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomics in an activated rat hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line. In the present study, HSC-T6 cells were incubated with taurine, EGCG and genistein, and cellular proteins were extracted and processed for iTRAQ labeling. Quantification and identification of proteins was performed using two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomic analysis indicated that the expression of 166 proteins were significantly altered in response to combination treatment with taurine, EGCG and genistein. A total 76 of these proteins were upregulated and 90 were downregulated. Differentially expressed proteins were grouped according to their association with specific Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The results indicated that the differentially expressed proteins hexokinase-2 and lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 were associated with glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and lysosome signaling pathways. The expression of these proteins was validated using western blot analysis; the expression of hexokinase-2 was significantly decreased and the expression of lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 was significantly increased in HSC-T6 cells treated with taurine, EGCG and genistein compared with the control, respectively (P<0.05). These results were in accordance with the changes in protein expression identified using the iTRAQ approach. Therefore, the antifibrotic effect of combined therapy with taurine, EGCG and genistein may be associated with the activation of several pathways in HSCs, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the ribosome and lysosome signaling pathways. The differentially expressed proteins identified in the current study may be useful for treatment of liver fibrosis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Guangxi University Library, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Guangxi University Library, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P.R. China
| | - Yani Huo
- Medical Scientific Research Centre, Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xuerong Zhang
- Medical Scientific Research Centre, Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liao
- Medical Scientific Research Centre, Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Finelli MJ, Paramo T, Pires E, Ryan BJ, Wade-Martins R, Biggin PC, McCullagh J, Oliver PL. Oxidation Resistance 1 Modulates Glycolytic Pathways in the Cerebellum via an Interaction with Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1558-1577. [PMID: 29905912 PMCID: PMC6368252 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is essential for the brain: it not only provides the required energy for cellular function and communication but also participates in balancing the levels of oxidative stress in neurons. Defects in glucose metabolism have been described in neurodegenerative disease; however, it remains unclear how this fundamental process contributes to neuronal cell death in these disorders. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms driving the selective neurodegeneration in an ataxic mouse model lacking oxidation resistance 1 (Oxr1) and discovered an unexpected function for this protein as a regulator of the glycolytic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI/Gpi1). Initially, we present a dysregulation of metabolites of glucose metabolism at the pre-symptomatic stage in the Oxr1 knockout cerebellum. We then demonstrate that Oxr1 and Gpi1 physically and functionally interact and that the level of Gpi1 oligomerisation is disrupted when Oxr1 is deleted in vivo. Furthermore, we show that Oxr1 modulates the additional and less well-understood roles of Gpi1 as a cytokine and neuroprotective factor. Overall, our data identify a new molecular function for Oxr1, establishing this protein as important player in neuronal survival, regulating both oxidative stress and glucose metabolism in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattéa J Finelli
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Teresa Paramo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Elisabete Pires
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Brent J Ryan
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Philip C Biggin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - James McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Peter L Oliver
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK. .,MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tian Y, Jin L, Zhang W, Ya Z, Cheng Y, Zhao H. AMF siRNA treatment of keloid through inhibition signaling pathway of RhoA/ROCK1. Genes Dis 2018; 6:185-192. [PMID: 31193978 PMCID: PMC6545443 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A keloid (KD) is a benign dermal fibrotic tumor. Treatment of KDs is challenging and the recurrence rate is high; thus, there is an unmet need to explore new target sites and new treatment methods. As a tumor-associated cytokine, autocrine motility factor (AMF) can effectively stimulate the random and directional movement of cells. We first found that AMF was overexpressed in keloid fibroblasts (KFs) and the proliferation and migration of KFs were promoted by AMF stimulation. After treatment with Y-27632, RhoA kinase inhibitor, the proliferation and migration capacity of KFs declined significantly, and type I collagen protein, active RhoA and ROCK1 also were downregulated. In addition, a KD transplantation model was established under the skin of nude mice, with KD intramural injection AMF siRNA, we found that the weight of the KD was smaller than in the control group (P < 0.05), KD tissue sections stained by HE and Masson showed that fibers became loose and the blood vessels were visibly reduced. In conclusion, AMF siRNA is expected to be a novel strategy to treat KD by inhibiting signaling pathway of RhoA/ROCK1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Lan Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zumeng Ya
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yoo YS, Han HG, Jeon YJ. Unfolded Protein Response of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Tumor Progression and Immunogenicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2969271. [PMID: 29430279 PMCID: PMC5752989 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2969271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a pivotal regulator of folding, quality control, trafficking, and targeting of secreted and transmembrane proteins, and accordingly, eukaryotic cells have evolved specialized machinery to ensure that the ER enables these proteins to acquire adequate folding and maturation in the presence of intrinsic and extrinsic insults. This adaptive capacity of the ER to intrinsic and extrinsic perturbations is important for maintaining protein homeostasis, which is termed proteostasis. Failure in adaptation to these perturbations leads to accumulation of misfolded or unassembled proteins in the ER, which is termed ER stress, resulting in the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) of the ER and the execution of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) to restore homeostasis. Furthermore, both of the two axes play key roles in the control of tumor progression, inflammation, immunity, and aging. Therefore, understanding UPR of the ER and subsequent ERAD will provide new insights into the pathogenesis of many human diseases and contribute to therapeutic intervention in these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seon Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gyeong Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ždralević M, Marchiq I, de Padua MMC, Parks SK, Pouysségur J. Metabolic Plasiticy in Cancers-Distinct Role of Glycolytic Enzymes GPI, LDHs or Membrane Transporters MCTs. Front Oncol 2017; 7:313. [PMID: 29326883 PMCID: PMC5742324 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on cancer metabolism has recently re-surfaced as a major focal point in cancer field with a reprogrammed metabolism no longer being considered as a mere consequence of oncogenic transformation, but as a hallmark of cancer. Reprogramming metabolic pathways and nutrient sensing is an elaborate way by which cancer cells respond to high bioenergetic and anabolic demands during tumorigenesis. Thus, inhibiting specific metabolic pathways at defined steps should provide potent ways of arresting tumor growth. However, both animal models and clinical observations have revealed that this approach is seriously limited by an extraordinary cellular metabolic plasticity. The classical example of cancer metabolic reprogramming is the preference for aerobic glycolysis, or Warburg effect, where cancers increase their glycolytic flux and produce lactate regardless of the presence of the oxygen. This allows cancer cells to meet the metabolic requirements for high rates of proliferation. Here, we discuss the benefits and limitations of disrupting fermentative glycolysis for impeding tumor growth at three levels of the pathway: (i) an upstream block at the level of the glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), (ii) a downstream block at the level of lactate dehydrogenases (LDH, isoforms A and B), and (iii) the endpoint block preventing lactic acid export (MCT1/4). Using these examples of genetic disruption targeting glycolysis studied in our lab, we will discuss the responses of different cancer cell lines in terms of metabolic rewiring, growth arrest, and tumor escape and compare it with the broader literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maša Ždralević
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Ibtissam Marchiq
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Monique M Cunha de Padua
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Scott K Parks
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco, Monaco
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco, Monaco
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Teoh ST, Lunt SY. Metabolism in cancer metastasis: bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and beyond. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 10. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao Thing Teoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University; East Lansing MI USA
| | - Sophia Y. Lunt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University; East Lansing MI USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gallardo-Pérez JC, Adán-Ladrón de Guevara A, Marín-Hernández A, Moreno-Sánchez R, Rodríguez-Enríquez S. HPI/AMF inhibition halts the development of the aggressive phenotype of breast cancer stem cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
34
|
Devillers M, Ahmad L, Korri-Youssoufi H, Salmon L. Carbohydrate-based electrochemical biosensor for detection of a cancer biomarker in human plasma. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 96:178-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
35
|
Joshi V, Upadhyay A, Kumar A, Mishra A. Gp78 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase: Essential Functions and Contributions in Proteostasis. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:259. [PMID: 28890687 PMCID: PMC5575403 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As per the requirement of metabolism and fitness, normal cellular functions are controlled by several proteins, and their interactive molecular and signaling events at multiple levels. Protein quality control (PQC) mechanisms ensure the correct folding and proper utilization of these proteins to avoid their misfolding and aggregation. To maintain the optimum environment of complex proteome PQC system employs various E3 ubiquitin ligases for the selective degradation of aberrant proteins. Glycoprotein 78 (Gp78) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that prevents multifactorial deleterious accumulation of different misfolded proteins via endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). However, the precise role of Gp78 under stress conditions to avoid bulk misfolded aggregation is unclear, which can act as a crucial resource to establish the dynamic nature of the proteome. Present article systematically explains the detailed molecular characterization of Gp78 and also addresses its various cellular physiological functions, which could be crucial to achieving protein homeostasis. Here, we comprehensively represent the current findings of Gp78, which shows its PQC roles in different physiological functions and diseases; and thereby propose novel opportunities to better understand the unsolved questions for therapeutic interventions linked with different protein misfolding disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Joshi
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurJodhpur, India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurJodhpur, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology IndoreIndore, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurJodhpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jung HS, Lee SI, Kang SH, Wang JS, Yang EH, Jeon B, Myung J, Baek JY, Park SK. Monoclonal antibodies against autocrine motility factor suppress gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4925-4932. [PMID: 28599497 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autocrine motility factor (AMF), which is a secreted form of phosphoglucose isomerase, is mainly secreted by various tumors and has cytokine-like activity. AMF is known to stimulate proliferation, survival and metastasis of cancer cells, and angiogenesis within a tumor. The present study investigated whether inhibition of AMF using targeted-antibodies was able to suppress the growth of cancer. A migration assay using a Boyden chamber was utilized to measure the activity of AMF on the motility of cancer cells. A recombinant human AMF (rhAMF) prepared from E. coli transformed with the pET22b-AMF vector increased the motility of MDA-MB-231 and A549 cells, but it did not affect that of NCI-N87 or HepG2 cells, which exhibited the ability to secrete high amounts of their own endogenous AMF into the culture medium. The extent to which the AMF receptor was expressed on cancer cells did not correlate clearly with the cell motility stimulated by rhAMF. In A549-xenografted nude mice treated with sunitinib or cetuximab, a decrease in the plasma AMF concentration was accompanied by a reduction in tumor weight, suggesting an association between the plasma AMF concentration and anticancer activity. A monoclonal antibody (9A-4H), which revealed a high binding affinity for E. coli-derived rhAMF, significantly suppressed the growth of tumors in Balb/c nude mice transplanted with the human gastric cancer cell line NCI-N87, to the similar extent as trastuzumab, an anticancer antibody. The present study suggests, for the first time, that an antibody specific to AMF may be a therapeutic agent for gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hahn-Sun Jung
- Boryung Central Research Institute, Boryung Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ansan-Si, Kyeongki-Do 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Su In Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Republic of Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Kang
- Boryung Central Research Institute, Boryung Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ansan-Si, Kyeongki-Do 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sang Wang
- Boryung Central Research Institute, Boryung Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ansan-Si, Kyeongki-Do 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Yang
- Boryung Central Research Institute, Boryung Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ansan-Si, Kyeongki-Do 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungwook Jeon
- Boryung Central Research Institute, Boryung Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ansan-Si, Kyeongki-Do 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayhyuk Myung
- Boryung Central Research Institute, Boryung Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ansan-Si, Kyeongki-Do 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Republic of Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Kyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Republic of Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.,Research Driven Hospital, Korea University Guro Hospital, Biomedical Research Center, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hemodynamic shear stress stimulates migration and extravasation of tumor cells by elevating cellular oxidative level. Cancer Lett 2017; 388:239-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
38
|
Lyu Z, Chen Y, Guo X, Zhou F, Yan Z, Xing J, An J, Zhang H. Genetic variants in glucose-6-phosphate isomerase gene as prognosis predictors in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2016; 40:698-704. [PMID: 27288297 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is an important hallmark of cancer cells, including the alterations of activity and expression of enzymes in glucose metabolism. Previous studies have demonstrated the critical role of glucise-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) in cancer initiation, metastasis and progression. However, the significance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GPI gene has not been investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS In this study, a total of 3 functional SNPs in GPI gene were genotyped in 492 HCC patients with surgical treatment. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier curve were used for the analysis of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS The homozygous variant genotypes of rs7248411 in mRNA splice sites of GPI gene were significantly associated with an increased risk of death in the multivariate analysis (Hazard ratio [HR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.16-3.68 in a recessive model). In stratified analysis, the association remained significant in patients with high α-fetal protein (AFP) level (HR=2.37, 95% CI 1.25-4.49). Moreover, we identified the interaction between rs7248411 and AFP level in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients (P for interaction<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that GPI gene polymorphism may serve as potential biomarkers to predict the OS of HCC. Further studies with different ethnicities are needed to validate our findings and generalize its clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuomin Lyu
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169, Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Zhaoyong Yan
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169, Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jiaze An
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169, Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169, Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zou W, Al-Rubeai M. Understanding central carbon metabolism of rapidly proliferating mammalian cells based on analysis of key enzymatic activities in GS-CHO cell lines. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 63:642-651. [PMID: 26108557 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The central carbon metabolism (glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway [PPP], and the tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle) plays an essential role in the supply of biosynthetic precursors and energy. How the central carbon metabolism changes with the varying growth rates in the in vitro cultivation of rapidly proliferating mammalian cells, such as cancer cells and continuous cell lines for recombinant protein production, remains elusive. Based on relationships between the growth rate and the activity of seven key enzymes from six cell clones, this work reports finding an important metabolic characteristic in rapidly proliferating glutamine synthetase-Chinese hamster ovary cells. The key enzymatic activity involved in the TCA cycle that is responsible for the supply of energy became elevated as the growth rate exhibited increases, while the activity of key enzymes in metabolic pathways (glycolysis and the PPP), responsible for the supply of biosynthetic precursors, tended to decrease-suggesting that rapidly proliferating cells still depended predominantly on the TCA cycle rather than on aerobic glycolysis for their energetic demands. Meanwhile, the growth-limiting resource was most likely biosynthetic substrates rather than energy provision. In addition, the multifaceted role of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (PGI) was confirmed, based on a significant correlation between PGI activity and the percentage of G2/M-phase cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zou
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohamed Al-Rubeai
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Manco L, Bento C, Victor BL, Pereira J, Relvas L, Brito RM, Seabra C, Maia TM, Ribeiro ML. Hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia caused by red cell glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency in two Portuguese patients: Clinical features and molecular study. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 60:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
41
|
Payen VL, Porporato PE, Baselet B, Sonveaux P. Metabolic changes associated with tumor metastasis, part 1: tumor pH, glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1333-48. [PMID: 26626411 PMCID: PMC11108399 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic adaptations are intimately associated with changes in cell behavior. Cancers are characterized by a high metabolic plasticity resulting from mutations and the selection of metabolic phenotypes conferring growth and invasive advantages. While metabolic plasticity allows cancer cells to cope with various microenvironmental situations that can be encountered in a primary tumor, there is increasing evidence that metabolism is also a major driver of cancer metastasis. Rather than a general switch promoting metastasis as a whole, a succession of metabolic adaptations is more likely needed to promote different steps of the metastatic process. This review addresses the contribution of pH, glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, and a companion paper summarizes current knowledge regarding the contribution of mitochondria, lipids and amino acid metabolism. Extracellular acidification, intracellular alkalinization, the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase acting as an autocrine cytokine, lactate and the pentose phosphate pathway are emerging as important factors controlling cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valéry L Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK∙CEN, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lajkó E, Bányai P, Zámbó Z, Kursinszki L, Szőke É, Kőhidai L. Targeted tumor therapy by Rubia tinctorum L.: analytical characterization of hydroxyanthraquinones and investigation of their selective cytotoxic, adhesion and migration modulator effects on melanoma cell lines (A2058 and HT168-M1). Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:119. [PMID: 26690297 PMCID: PMC4683936 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alizarin and purpurin are di- and trihydroxyanthraquinones derived from Rubia tinctorum L. Previous pharmacological studies have demonstrated that they exhibit certain degree of selective inhibitory effects towards cancer cells suggesting their application as a targeted drug for cancer. Our present work was aimed to investigate the suitability of hydroxyanthraquinones of Rubia tinctorum L. for targeted tumor therapy. The effects of alizarin, purpurin and an aqueous extract from transformed hairy root culture of Rubia tinctorum L. were examined on (1) cell proliferation, (2) apoptosis, (3) cell adhesion/morphology and (4) migration (chemotaxis, chemokinesis) of human melanoma cell lines (A2058, HT168-M1) and human fibroblast cells (MRC-5), as well as (5) the aqueous extract was analytically characterized. Methods The aqueous extract was prepared from R. tinctorum hairy root culture and qualitatively analyzed by HPLC and ESI–MS methods. The cell growth inhibitory activity of anthraquinones was evaluated by MTT-assay and by flow cytometry. The effect of anthraquinones on cell adhesion was measured by an impedance based technique, the xCELLigence SP. For the chemotaxis assay NeuroProbe® chamber was used. Computer based holographic microscopy was applied to analyze chemokinetic responses as well as morphometry. Statistical significance was determined by the one-way ANOVA test. Results In the aqueous extract, munjistin (Mr = 284, tR = 18.4 min) as a principal component and three minor anthraquinones (pseudopurpurin, rubiadin and nordamnacanthal) were identified. The purpurin elicited a stronger but not apoptosis-mediated antitumor effect in melanoma cells (A2058: 10−6–10−5 M: 90.6–64.1 %) than in normal fibroblasts (10−6–10−5 M: 97.6–84.8 %). The aqueous extract in equimolar concentrations showed the most potent cytotoxicity after 72 h incubation (A2058: 10−6–10−5 M: 87.4–55.0 %). All tested substances elicited chemorepellent effect in melanoma cells, while in MRC-5 fibroblasts, only the alizarin exhibited such a repellent character. Indices of chemokinesis measured by holographic microscopy (migration, migration directness, motility and motility speed) were significantly enhanced by alizarin and purpurin as well, while morphometric changes were weak in the two melanoma cell lines. Conclusions Our results highlight the effective and selective inhibitory activity of purpurin towards melanoma cells and its possible use as a targeted anticancer agent. The anthraquinones of the cytotoxic extract are suggested to apply in drug delivery systems as an anticancer drug. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-015-0271-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Lajkó
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089 Hungary
| | - Péter Bányai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085 Hungary
| | - Zsófia Zámbó
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089 Hungary
| | - László Kursinszki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085 Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085 Hungary
| | - László Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089 Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhao LC, Li J, Liao K, Luo N, Shi QQ, Feng ZQ, Chen DL. Evodiamine Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Migration of HCT-116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27411-21. [PMID: 26580615 PMCID: PMC4661889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine (EVO) exhibits strong anti-cancer effects. However, the effect of EVO on the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116 has not been explored in detail, and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, cell viability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry, and morphological changes in the nucleus were examined by fluorescence microscopy and Hoechst staining. Cell motility was detected by Transwell assay. ELISA was used to assess the protein levels of autocrine motility factor (AMF) in the cell supernatant, and protein expression was determined by Western blotting. Our results showed that EVO inhibited the proliferation of HCT-116 cells, caused accumulation of cells in S and G2/M phases, and reduced the levels of the secreted form of AMF. The protein levels of tumor suppressor protein (p53), Bcl-2 Associated X protein (Bax), B cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) were altered in cells treated with EVO. Taken together, our results suggest that EVO modulates the activity of the p53 signaling pathway to induce apoptosis and downregulate MMP3 expression by inactivating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway through the downregulation of PGI to inhibit migration of HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lv-Cui Zhao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Drug Engineering Research Center of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ke Liao
- Department of Respiration, Cheng Du Tumor Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Nian Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qing-Qiang Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zi-Qiang Feng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Di-Long Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li Y, Jia Y, Che Q, Zhou Q, Wang K, Wan XP. AMF/PGI-mediated tumorigenesis through MAPK-ERK signaling in endometrial carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:26373-87. [PMID: 26308071 PMCID: PMC4694908 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autocrine motility factor (AMF), which is also known as phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), enhances tumor cell growth and motility. In this study, we found that AMF and its receptor were both highly expressed in Endometrial Carcinoma (EC) tissues compared to normal tissues. Levels of AMF were increased in serum of endometrial cancer patients. Downregulation of AMF by shRNA inhibited invasion, migration and proliferation as well as growth in a three-dimensional culture. AMF cytokine function, but not enzymatic activity of PGI, regulated tumorigenic activities of AMF. The MAPK-ERK1/2 pathway contributed to AMF-induced effects in EC cells. In agreement, Mek inhibitor decreased AMF-induced invasion, migration and proliferation of EC cells. In addition, in two mouse tumor metastasis models (EC cells delivered through left ventricle or intraperitoneally) AMF-silenced EC cells showed decreased tumor proliferative and metastatic capacities. We suggest that AMF/PGI is a potential therapeutic target in endometrial carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhui Jia
- 2 Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Che
- 2 Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- 2 Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- 2 Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wan
- 3 Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lin LL, Hsia CR, Hsu CL, Huang HC, Juan HF. Integrating transcriptomics and proteomics to show that tanshinone IIA suppresses cell growth by blocking glucose metabolism in gastric cancer cells. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:41. [PMID: 25652794 PMCID: PMC4328042 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) is a diterpene quinone extracted from the plant Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It has been reported to have anti-tumor potential against several kinds of cancer, including gastric cancer. In most solid tumors, a metabolic switch to glucose is a hallmark of cancer cells, which do this to provide nutrients for cell proliferation. However, the mechanism associated with glucose metabolism by which TIIA acts on gastric cancer cells remains to be elucidated. Results We found that TIIA treatment is able to significantly inhibit cell growth and the proliferation of gastric cancer in a dose-dependent manner. Using next-generation sequencing-based RNA-seq transcriptomics and quantitative proteomics-isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), we characterized the mechanism of TIIA regulation in gastric cancer cell line AGS. In total, 16,603 unique transcripts and 102 proteins were identified. After enrichment analysis, we found that TIIA regulated genes are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, the cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage and cytoskeleton reorganization. Our proteomics data revealed the downregulation of intracellular ATP levels, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and L-lactate dehydrogenase B chains by TIIA, which might work with disorders of glucose metabolism and extracellular lactate levels to suppress cell proliferation. The up-regulation of p53 and down-regulation of AKT was shown in TIIA- treated cells, which indicates the transformation of oncogenes. Severe DNA damage, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M transition and apoptosis with cytoskeleton reorganization were detected in TIIA-treated gastric cancer cells. Conclusions Combining transcriptomics and proteomics results, we propose that TIIA treatment could lead cell stresses, including nutrient deficiency and DNA damage, by inhibiting the glucose metabolism of cancer cells. This study provides an insight into how the TIIA regulatory metabolism in gastric cancer cells suppresses cell growth, and may help improve the development of cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1230-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ling Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Chieh-Ren Hsia
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. .,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Maier A, Peille AL, Vuaroqueaux V, Lahn M. Anti-tumor activity of the TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor galunisertib (LY2157299 monohydrate) in patient-derived tumor xenografts. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:131-44. [PMID: 25573078 PMCID: PMC4412926 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is known to play a critical role in promoting tumor growth. Consequently, blocking this pathway has been found to inhibit tumor growth. In order to achieve an optimal anti-tumor effect, however, it remains to be established whether blocking the TGF-β signaling pathway alone is sufficient, or whether the tumor microenvironment plays an additional, possibly synergistic, role. Methods To investigate the relevance of blocking TGF-β signaling in tumor cells within the context of their respective tissue microenvironments, we treated a panel of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with the selective TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor LY2157299 monohydrate (galunisertib) and assessed both the in vitro and in vivo effects. Results Galunisertib was found to inhibit the growth in an in vitro clonogenic assay in 6.3 % (5/79) of the examined PDX. Evaluation of the expression profiles of a number of genes, representing both canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways, revealed that most PDX exhibited expression changes affecting TGF-β downstream signaling. Next, we subjected 13 of the PDX to an in vivo assessment and, by doing so, observed distinct response patterns. These results suggest that, next to intrinsic, also extrinsic or microenvironmental factors can affect galunisertib response. pSMAD2 protein expression and TGF-βRI mRNA expression levels were found to correlate with the in vivo galunisertib effects. Conclusions From our data we conclude that intrinsic, tumor-dependent TGF-β signaling does not fully explain the anti-tumor effect of galunisertib. Hence, in vivo xenograft models may be more appropriate than in vitro clonogenic assays to assess the anti-tumor activity of TGF-β inhibitors such as galunisertib. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13402-014-0210-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Maier
- In Vitro Screening, Oncotest GmbH, Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108, Freiburg, Germany,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Alfarouk KO, Verduzco D, Rauch C, Muddathir AK, Adil HHB, Elhassan GO, Ibrahim ME, David Polo Orozco J, Cardone RA, Reshkin SJ, Harguindey S. Glycolysis, tumor metabolism, cancer growth and dissemination. A new pH-based etiopathogenic perspective and therapeutic approach to an old cancer question. Oncoscience 2014; 1:777-802. [PMID: 25621294 PMCID: PMC4303887 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells acquire an unusual glycolytic behavior relative, to a large extent, to their intracellular alkaline pH (pHi). This effect is part of the metabolic alterations found in most, if not all, cancer cells to deal with unfavorable conditions, mainly hypoxia and low nutrient supply, in order to preserve its evolutionary trajectory with the production of lactate after ten steps of glycolysis. Thus, cancer cells reprogram their cellular metabolism in a way that gives them their evolutionary and thermodynamic advantage. Tumors exist within a highly heterogeneous microenvironment and cancer cells survive within any of the different habitats that lie within tumors thanks to the overexpression of different membrane-bound proton transporters. This creates a highly abnormal and selective proton reversal in cancer cells and tissues that is involved in local cancer growth and in the metastatic process. Because of this environmental heterogeneity, cancer cells within one part of the tumor may have a different genotype and phenotype than within another part. This phenomenon has frustrated the potential of single-target therapy of this type of reductionist therapeutic approach over the last decades. Here, we present a detailed biochemical framework on every step of tumor glycolysis and then proposea new paradigm and therapeutic strategy based upon the dynamics of the hydrogen ion in cancer cells and tissues in order to overcome the old paradigm of one enzyme-one target approach to cancer treatment. Finally, a new and integral explanation of the Warburg effect is advanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cyril Rauch
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Gamal O. Elhassan
- Unizah Pharmacy Collage, Qassim University, Unizah, AL-Qassim, King of Saudi Arabia
- Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Huang Z, Zhang N, Zha L, Mao HC, Chen X, Xiang JF, Zhang H, Wang ZW. Aberrant expression of the autocrine motility factor receptor correlates with poor prognosis and promotes metastasis in gastric carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:989-97. [PMID: 24568530 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.2.989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AMFR, autocrine motility factor receptor, also called gp78, is a cell surface cytokine receptor which has a dual role as an E3 ubiquitin ligase in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. AMFR expression is associated with tumor malignancy. We here investigated the clinical significance of AMFR and its role in metastasis and prognosis in gastric cancer. Expression of AMFR, E-cadherin and N-cadherin in cancer tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues from 122 gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing surgical resection was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Levels of these molecules in 17 cases selected randomly were also analysed by Western blotting. AMFR expression was significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues, and associated with invasion depth and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed AMFR expression correlated with poor overall survival and an increased risk of recurrence in the GC cases. Cox regression analysis suggested AMFR to be an independent predictor for overall and recurrence-free survival. E-cadherin expression was decreased in gastric cancer tissues; conversely, N-cadherin was increased. Expression of AMFR negatively correlated with E-cadherin expression, whereas N-cadherin expression showed a significant positive correlation with AMFR expression. AMFR might be involved in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, with aberrant expression correlating with a poor prognosis and promoting invasion and metastasis in GCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lincet H, Icard P. How do glycolytic enzymes favour cancer cell proliferation by nonmetabolic functions? Oncogene 2014; 34:3751-9. [PMID: 25263450 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells enhance their glycolysis, producing lactate, even in the presence of oxygen. Glycolysis is a series of ten metabolic reactions catalysed by enzymes whose expression is most often increased in tumour cells. HKII and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) have mainly an antiapoptotic effect; PGI and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activate survival pathways (Akt and so on); phosphofructokinase 1 and triose phosphate isomerase participate in cell cycle activation; aldolase promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition; PKM2 enhances various nuclear effects such as transcription, stabilisation and so on. This review outlines the multiple non-glycolytic roles of glycolytic enzymes, which are essential for promoting cancer cells' survival, proliferation, chemoresistance and dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Lincet
- 1] Locally Aggressive Cancer Biology and Therapy Unit (BioTICLA), Caen, France [2] Normandie University, Caen, France [3] François-Baclesse Centre for Cancer, Caen, France
| | - P Icard
- 1] Locally Aggressive Cancer Biology and Therapy Unit (BioTICLA), Caen, France [2] Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Informatique, Palaiseau, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wu XL, Lin KJ, Bai AP, Wang WX, Meng XK, Su XL, Hou MX, Dong PD, Zhang JJ, Wang ZY, Shi L. Osteopontin knockdown suppresses the growth and angiogenesis of colon cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10440-10448. [PMID: 25132760 PMCID: PMC4130851 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of osteopontin (OPN) gene expression knockdown on colon cancer Lovo cells in vitro.
METHODS: Four candidate small interfering RNA (siRNA) constructs targeting the OPN gene and a scrambled control sequence (NC-siRNA) were synthesized and inserted into a pGPU6/GFP/Neo expression vector. After confirmation by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing, the recombinant plasmids were subsequently transfected into a human colon cancer cell line (Lovo) using a liposome transfection method. Stably transfected cells were maintained with G418 selection and referred to as Lovo-OPN-1, -2, -3, -4, and Lovo-NC cells. Knockdown efficiency of each of the four siRNA constructs was determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays and western blotting, and the construct with the most effective silencing was used for subsequent experiments. Cell proliferation, adhesion, and Matrigel invasion assays were performed to analyze the effects of OPN knockdown in stably transfected Lovo cells. The levels of four angiogenic factors, namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and urokinase plasminogen activator were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).
RESULTS: Recombinant vectors containing OPN-specific and scrambled siRNA sequences were successfully constructed and stably transfected into Lovo cells. Compared with the control Lovo and Lovo-NC cells, the levels of OPN mRNA and protein expression in Lovo-OPN-1, -2, -3, and -4 were significantly reduced (all P < 0.05), with the most efficient reduction observed in Lovo-OPN-4 cells (P < 0.05). Relative to untransfected Lovo cells, OPN mRNA expression levels in Lovo-NC and Lovo-OPN-4 cells were 1.008 ± 0.067 and 0.160 ± 0.023, respectively. The relative OPN protein expression levels in Lovo, Lovo-NC, and Lovo-OPN-4 cells were 3.024 ± 0.211, 2.974 ± 0.630, and 0.121 ± 0.008, respectively. Moreover, transfection with the scrambled sequence had no effect on the expression of OPN. After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of cultivation, absorption values at 450 nm to assess proliferation of Lovo-OPN-4 cells were 0.210 ± 0.017, 0.247 ± 0.024, 0.314 ± 0.037, and 0.359 ± 0.043, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of Lovo (0.244 ± 0.031, 0.313 ± 0.024, 0.513 ± 0.048 and 0.783 ± 0.051) and Lovo-NC cells (0.241 ± 0.029, 0.309 ± 0.022, 0.563 ± 0.023, and 0.735 ± 0.067) (all P < 0.05). The absorption values at 595 nm, which were measured in a cell adhesion assay, showed that adhesion of Lovo-OPN-4 cells (0.215 ± 0.036) was significantly decreased compared to Lovo (0.490 ± 0.037) and Lovo-NC cells (0.462 ± 0.043) (P < 0.05). The number of invasive Lovo-OPN-4 cells (16.1 ± 1.9) was also significantly decreased compared to Lovo (49.9 ± 5.4) and Lovo-NC cells (48.8 ± 4.5) (P < 0.05). ELISA assays showed significant reductions in Lovo-OPN-4 cells compared to Lovo and Lovo-NC cells with regard to the expression of VEGF (1687.85 ± 167.84 ng/L vs 2348.54 ± 143.80 ng/L and 2284.39 ± 138.62 ng/L, respectively), MMP-2 (2966.07 ± 177.36 μg/L vs 4084.74 ± 349.54 μg/L and 4011.41 ± 424.48 μg/L, respectively), MMP-9 (3782.89 ± 300.64 μg/L vs 5062.90 ± 303.02 μg/L and 4986.38 ± 300.75 μg/L, respectively) and uPA (1152.69 ± 120.79 μg/L vs 1380.90 ± 147.25 μg/L and 1449.80 ± 189.92 μg/L, respectively) (all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Knockdown of OPN gene expression suppresses colon cancer cell growth, adherence, invasion, and expression of angiogenic factors.
Collapse
|