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Pioli KT, Lau KH, Pioli PD. Thymus antibody-secreting cells possess an interferon gene signature and are preferentially expanded in young female mice. iScience 2023; 26:106223. [PMID: 36890795 PMCID: PMC9986522 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) are key contributors to humoral immunity through immunoglobulin production and the potential to be long-lived. ASC persistence has been recognized in the autoimmune thymus (THY); however, only recently has this population been appreciated in healthy THY tissue. We showed that the young female THY was skewed toward higher production of ASCs relative to males. However, these differences disappeared with age. In both sexes, THY ASCs included Ki-67+ plasmablasts which required CD154(CD40L) signals for their propagation. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed that THY ASCs were enriched for an interferon responsive transcriptional signature relative to those from bone marrow and spleen. Flow cytometry confirmed that THY ASCs had increased levels of Toll-like receptor 7 as well as CD69 and major histocompatibility complex class II. Overall, we identified fundamental aspects of THY ASC biology which may be leveraged for future in depth studies of this population in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- KimAnh T Pioli
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E5, Canada
| | - Kin H Lau
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Peter D Pioli
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E5, Canada
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2
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Lombard-Vadnais F, Chabot-Roy G, Zahn A, Rodriguez Torres S, Di Noia JM, Melichar HJ, Lesage S. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression by thymic B cells promotes T-cell tolerance and limits autoimmunity. iScience 2022; 26:105852. [PMID: 36654860 PMCID: PMC9840937 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Elimination of self-reactive T cells in the thymus is critical to establish T-cell tolerance. A growing body of evidence suggests a role for thymic B cells in the elimination of self-reactive thymocytes. To specifically address the role of thymic B cells in central tolerance, we investigated the phenotype of thymic B cells in various mouse strains, including non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model of autoimmune diabetes. We noted that isotype switching of NOD thymic B cells is reduced as compared to other, autoimmune-resistant, mouse strains. To determine the impact of B cell isotype switching on thymocyte selection and tolerance, we generated NOD.AID-/- mice. Diabetes incidence was enhanced in these mice. Moreover, we observed reduced clonal deletion and a resulting increase in self-reactive CD4+ T cells in NOD.AID-/- mice relative to NOD controls. Together, this study reveals that AID expression in thymic B cells contributes to T-cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Lombard-Vadnais
- Immunologie-oncologie, Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Geneviève Chabot-Roy
- Immunologie-oncologie, Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Astrid Zahn
- Unité de recherche en biologie moléculaire des cellules B, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Sahily Rodriguez Torres
- Immunologie-oncologie, Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Javier M. Di Noia
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada,Unité de recherche en biologie moléculaire des cellules B, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada,Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada,Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Heather J. Melichar
- Immunologie-oncologie, Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada,Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada,Corresponding author
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunologie-oncologie, Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada,Corresponding author
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3
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Chen SS, Lee D, Zhang H, Cao XH, DuPrez K. Long-term IgE immunological tolerance to peanut allergens: An alternative to Noon's daily desensitization paradigm. Cell Immunol 2022; 381:104611. [PMID: 36194940 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we show that profound afferent long-term peanut-allergen-specific IgE immunological tolerance for 3 to 9 months induced sustained unresponsiveness (SU) in naïve or peanut-sensitized rodents after peanut allergen immunization. Rodents were vaccinated sublingually with a peanut allergen extract or recombinant peanut allergen in chenodeoxycholate (CDCA), a fanesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) agonist that downregulates SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c) and upregulates SHP in bone marrow-derived tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs). Approximately 90 ∼ 95 % of the total circulating PE-potentiated IgE and Ara h1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 6 peanut allergen-specific IgE responses were suppressed by recombinant peanut allergen-conjugated solid magnetic beads (sensitivity of 0.2 IU/ml). In contrast, peanut allergen-specific IgG production was not affected. Similarly, oleoylethanolamine (OEA), a peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist, and GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist, induced long-term peanut-specific IgE tolerance when administered via the sublingual, oral or i.p. route. Prophylactic Ara h2 DNA immunization with caNRF2 and IL-35 coexpression induced Ara h2 IgE tolerance. In summary, peanut allergen vaccination with select natural molecular ligands of nuclear receptors induced long-term peanut allergen-specific IgE tolerance via the afferent limb, which indicates that vaccination is an immune tolerance-promoting strategy that is effective at the DC level and that differs from Noon's daily desensitization program, which is effective at the mast cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swey-Shen Chen
- Division of Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, IGE Therapeutics Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A106, San Diego, CA 92121, United States; Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Genetics, 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A106, San Diego, CA 92121, United States; Department of Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy, AAIIT LLC, 12528 Kirkham Ct, STE 8, Poway, CA 92064, United States.
| | - David Lee
- Division of Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, IGE Therapeutics Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A106, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Hailan Zhang
- Division of Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, IGE Therapeutics Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A106, San Diego, CA 92121, United States; Department of Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy, AAIIT LLC, 12528 Kirkham Ct, STE 8, Poway, CA 92064, United States
| | - Xi-Hua Cao
- Division of Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, IGE Therapeutics Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A106, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Kevin DuPrez
- Division of Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, IGE Therapeutics Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A106, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
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Castañeda J, Hidalgo Y, Sauma D, Rosemblatt M, Bono MR, Núñez S. The Multifaceted Roles of B Cells in the Thymus: From Immune Tolerance to Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:766698. [PMID: 34790201 PMCID: PMC8591215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus is home to a significant number of resident B cells which possess several unique characteristics regarding their origin, phenotype and function. Evidence shows that they originate both from precursors that mature intrathymically and as the entry of recirculating mature B cells. Under steady-state conditions they exhibit hallmark signatures of activated B cells, undergo immunoglobulin class-switch, and express the Aire transcription factor. These features are imprinted within the thymus and enable B cells to act as specialized antigen-presenting cells in the thymic medulla that contribute negative selection of self-reactive T cells. Though, most studies have focused on B cells located in the medulla, a second contingent of B cells is also present in non-epithelial perivascular spaces of the thymus. This latter group of B cells, which includes memory B cells and plasma cells, is not readily detected in the thymus of infants or young mice but gradually accumulates during normal aging. Remarkably, in many autoimmune diseases the thymus suffers severe structural atrophy and infiltration of B cells in the perivascular spaces, which organize into follicles similar to those typically found in secondary lymphoid organs. This review provides an overview of the pathways involved in thymic B cell origin and presents an integrated view of both thymic medullary and perivascular B cells and their respective physiological and pathological roles in central tolerance and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Castañeda
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yessia Hidalgo
- Cells for cells-Consorcio Regenero, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Sauma
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Rosemblatt
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Rosa Bono
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
While self toleance is induced to IgG(b)(2a) in Igh(b / b) mice, an anti-IgG(b)(2a) T cell activity emerges in their Igh(a / a) congenic counterparts. This activity is revealed by postnatal transfer of Igh(a / a) T splenocytes into Igh(a / b) F(1), in which total suppression of IgG(2a)(b) expression is established. Here, we sought to determine whether the natural T cell unresponsiveness to IgG(2a)(b) in Igh(b / b) mice involved a central tolerance. Based on the kinetics of postnatal thymic C(gamma2a)(b) gene expression in Igh(b / b) mice, we transplanted thymi from Igh(b / b) donors of diverse ages into tolerogen-free Igh(a / a) nu / nu recipients. The state of T cell tolerance or responsiveness to IgG(2a)(b) in these reconstituted nu / nu hosts was determined by monitoring the capacity of their splenocytes to induce suppression in Igh(a / b) F(1). These experiments demonstrated that: (i) in the Igh(a / a) nu / nu recipients of adult Igh(b / b) thymi, 33 to 65 % T splenocytes were from nu / nu recipient origin, but these peripheral Igh(a / a) T cells were rendered tolerant to IgG(2a)(b) during their differentiation through the adult Igh(b / b) thymi, (ii) circulating IgG(2a)(b) was not a prerequisite for this tolerance induction, (iii) Igh(b / b) thymic epithelium was unable to induce tolerance to IgG(2a)(b) and (iv) IgG(2a)(b)-producing / presenting cells, colonizing the Igh(b / b) thymi, were certainly responsible of full tolerance induction to IgG(2a)(b).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Majlessi
- Unité d'Immunophysiologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Wang Y, Schmaltz R, Liu FT, Robertson MW, Petro TM, Chen SS. Peptides derived from IgE heavy chain constant region induce profound IgE isotype-specific tolerance. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26:1043-9. [PMID: 8647165 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830260513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
(BALB/c x SJL)F1 mice, perinatally injected with peptide-N-glyconase F-treated, deglycosylated IgE heavy chain or recombinant IgE heavy chain (CH epsilon 2-CH epsilon 4), were profoundly inhibited in antigen-specific IgE production. There exist minimally two tolerogenic IgE peptides, residing in the CH epsilon 2 and CH epsilon 4 domains. Peptide I, generated by V8 protease, comprises 39 amino acids within CH epsilon 2, beginning at amino acid 103. Peptide E begins at amino acid 312 of the CH epsilon 4 domain and extends through the CH epsilon 4 domain. The total lack of antigen-specific IgE responses in IgE peptide-treated mice was not due to overproduction of interferon-gamma, nor lack of interleukin (IL)-4, as predicted by the Th2/IL-4 paradigm for IgE production. IgE-tolerant mice exhibited comparable levels of circulating anti-IgE antibodies to those of PBS-treated control mice. IgG obtained from sera of both sources failed to inhibit IgE responses in vitro. Moreover, IgE responses of spleen cells from IgE peptides-treated mice were restored by CD4+ T cells from PBS-treated control mice. We hypothesize that regulation of antigen-specific IgE responses is mediated by CD4+ T cells which normally recognize IgE peptides on IgE precursor B cells, and can be rendered tolerant by perinatal IgE peptide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68583-0905, USA
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Haba S, Nisonoff A. Role of antibody and T cells in the long-term inhibition of IgE synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:604-8. [PMID: 7507250 PMCID: PMC42997 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.2.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown that the long-term inhibition of IgE synthesis associated with perinatal inoculation of syngeneic IgE is accompanied by the synthesis of autoantibodies to IgE. Synthesis of IgE can also be inhibited by passive transfer of syngeneic anti-IgE antibodies. In the present investigation we made use of adoptive transfer experiments to assess the relative roles of antibodies and T cells in the inhibitory process. It was found that spleen cells from IgE-suppressed mice (synthesizing anti-IgE antibodies) could adoptively transfer the state of inhibition to syngeneic adult mice. The inhibition occurred only under conditions in which the recipient mice synthesized anti-IgE antibodies. Separated B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, or a mixture of B and CD8+ T cells were ineffective. However, strong inhibition of IgE synthesis (as indicated by serum levels and numbers of IgE-secreting cells in the spleen) was observed after transfer of a mixture of B cells and CD4+ (helper) T cells. The results indicate that in this experimental model anti-IgE antibodies are the suppressive agent and that T cells do not play a role other than that of providing help to B cells for anti-IgE synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haba
- Rosenstiel Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254
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